Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
IMPULSE TURBINE
It consists of one or more stationary inlet nozzles (Spear nozzles), a runner, and a casing. The
runner has multiple buckets mounted on a rotating wheel. The pressure head upstream of the
nozzle is converted into kinetic energy contained in the water jet leaving the nozzle. As the jet
strikes the rotating bucket, the kinetic energy is converted into a rotating torque.
U r
(1)
and friction is neglected.
2 g HT
(2)
W
shaft Q U (V1 U )(1 Cos )
(3)
d) Condition for Maximum Power
U V1 / 2
(4)
e) Turbine Efficiency
T 2 C v 2 (1 )(1 Cos )
(5)
REACTION TURBINE
Swirl at outlet
2 = Runner vane angle at outlet (Vane angle at outlet)
Vr 2 = Velocity of flow (flow velocity) at outlet OR Radial velocity at outlet
i)
Discharge
Q 2 r1b1Vr1 2 r2Vr 2
(6)
ii)
Tshaft Q (r1 V 1 r2 V 2 )
(7)
iii)
W
shaft Tshaft Q (U 1 V1Cos 1 U 2 V2 Cos 2 )
(8)
iv)
W
water power g Q H T
(9)
W
Tshaft
T shaft
Wwater power
g Q HT
vi)
(10)
1 Cot 1 (2 r1 b1 / Q Cot1 )
2
(11)
U 1 U 2 U ( Dt Dh ) / 4, and
Vr1 Vr 2 Vr Q / A, where
2
2
A ( Dt Dh )
4
(12)
At maximum efficiency V 2 0 and V2 = Vf, it follows that the energy transferred by the fluid
to the turbine per unit weight of the fluid
U V 1
g
In which V 1 V f Cot . Since E should be the same at the blade tip and at the hub, but U is
grater at the tip, it follows that V 1 must be reduced. Similarly, the velocity of flow Vf should
remain constant along the blade and, therefore, Cot must be reduced towards the tip of the
blade. Thus, has to be reduced and, consequently, the blade must be twisted so that it makes a
greater angle with the axix at the tip than it does at the hub.
GENERAL RELATIONSHIPS
vii)
NPSH
viii)
p atm pv
Z hL
g
(13)
( p atm pv ) / g Z hL
HT
ix)
CQ
(14)
Q
D3
(15)
x) Power Coefficient
CP
xi)
Head Coefficient
CH
gH
2 D2
xii)
(16)
3 D5
(17)
NPSH Coefficient
C NPSH
g NPSH
2 D2
(18)
xiii)
Similarity Rules
W
POWER: 2 2 2
W1 1 1
H 2 g1 2
H 1 g 2 1
HEAD:
D2
D1
D2
D1
Q
D
DISCHARGE: 2 2 2
Q1 1 D1
xiv)
(19)
(20)
3
(21)
1/ 2
1/ 2
CP
W T /
Ns 5/ 4
g HT 5/ 4
CH
xv)
SPEED FACTOR
r
2 g HT
(22)