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Introduction
2. Physical Quantities
3. Kinematics
4. Forces & Universal Gravitation
5. Work, Energy and Power
6. Linear Momentum and Collision
7. Fluid Mechanics
8. Thermodynamics
Kinematics
Brief History
Definition
1- Dimensional Kinematics
Aristotle
Isaac Newton
Galileo Galilei
KINEMATICS
deals with the description of motion.
DYNAMICS
deals with causes of motion.
DISTANCE
(x)
DISPLACEMENT
(x = xf - xi)
- a SCALAR quantity
- a VECTOR quantity
change in position (x or y)
shortest distance from initial
position to final position of the object
being considered
(+) or () for 1D motion
Dimension: L
Displacement
(orange line)
Distance
(blue line)
8m
6m
final position (xf)
SPEED
- a SCALAR quantity
- " how fast an object is moving?
total distance
vs
total time
VELOCITY
- a VECTOR quantity
- " the rate at which an object changes its position?
xf xi
t
Dimension: L/T
total displacement
total time
Average Velocity
Average Speed
Displacement of an
object divided by the
time.
x1 70m
v1 average
t
10 s
7m s
x2 60 m
v2 average
t
10 s
6m s
d
vave
t
x 40 m
vaverage
t
3 .0 s
13 m s
vinst
x f xi
x
lim
lim
t 0 t
t 0
t
Average velocity
Instantaneous velocity
Uniform velocity is
constant velocity
The instantaneous
velocities are always
the same
- a VECTOR quantity
- the rate at which an object changes its velocity
v v f vi
a average
t
t
Dimension: L/T2
ainst
v f vi
v
lim
lim
t 0 t
t 0
t
position
velocity
time
time
acceleration
time
a = zero
A= const
Slope = a
Y-intercept = Vo
If acceleration is uniform
(i.e. a ) a
v f vo
t f t0
v f vo
t
v f vo at
Shows velocity as a function of acceleration and time
v f vo at
Eqn 1:
where:
vf = velocity of the body at a later
time t
v0 = initial velocity
t = elapsed time
a = acceleration
EQUATION 2
From Equation 2
v f vo at
vo v f
x vaveraget
2
1 2
x vot at
2
Represents the displacement x
Velocity changes
uniformly!!!
of the moving
Eqn 3:
1 2
x vot at
2
where:
v0 = initial velocity
t = elapsed time
a = acceleration
x = displacement
ANS: 294m
Equation 1:
Equation 2:
Equation 3 :
v f vo at
1 2
x vot at
2
Recall Equation 2:
vo v f
x vaveraget
2
And Equation 1:
v f vo at
t
v f vo
a
v v 2ax
2
f
2
o
Represents the
velocity of the
moving body at
any displacement
Eqn 4:
v v 2ax
2
f
where:
2
o
vo v f
x vaverage t
2
1 2
x vot at
2
Gives velocity as a function of acceleration and displacement
v v 2ax
2
f
2
o
Notes:
Motion with Constant Acceleration
If the velocity is constant (a=0), the
displacement d is computed by multiplying by
the velocity by the time
x=v*t.
1 2
x vot at
2
EQUATION
NUMBER
EQUATION
MISSING VARIABLE
v=v0+at
x = (v+v0) * t
x = v0t + at2
v2 = v02+2ax
v =v +2a x
0
(Equation 4)
GIVEN:
a.
ASKED:
Displacement after the 10 s .
1 2
x vot at
2
b.
v v 2ax
2
f
2
o