Tzŭ Êrh Chi - Colloquial Series 2 PDF

BHj^HHn HHHgraffira&HnH
TZU ERE
CHI.
Jl lit
(YU
YEN TZU ERH
CHI).
A.
PROGRESSIVE COURSE
DESIGNED TO ASSIST THE STUDENT OF
COLLOQUIAL CHINESE
AS SPOKEN IN THE CAPITAL AND THE METROPOLITAN DEPARTMENT.
IN
THREE VOLUMES.
SECOND EDITION.
PREPARED BY
THOMAS FRANCIS WADE,

Sometime H.B.M.'s Minister in China.
AND
WALTER CAINE HILLIER,

Chinese Secretary
to
H.B.M.'s Legation, Peldng.
VOL.
II.
SHANGHAI:
PUBLISHED AT THE STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE INSPECTORATE GENERAL OF CUSTOMS,
AND SOLD BY
KELLY & WALSH, LIMITED, SHANGHAI, YOKOHAMA, AND HONGKONG.
LONDON
w. n.
ALLEN &
1886.
Co.,
WATERLOO PLACE.
CONTENTS.
PAOK.
PART
THE FORTY EXERCISES
III.
Chinese Weights and Measures
213
...
PART IV.
THE TEN DIALOGUES
215
PART V.
THE HUNDRED LESSONS
249
PART VI.
PART
VII.
THE GRADUATE'S WOOING,
or
THE STORY OF A PROMISE THAT WAS KEPT
...
THE TONE EXERCISES
419
Notes on the Tone Kules affecting the Finals
...
Exercises in the Tones
PART VIII.
351
423
427
THE PARTS OF SPEECH:

Introductory Observations
The Noun and the
48 1
...
Article
484
...
The Chinese Numerative Noun
486
Number, Singular and Plural

Case
Gender
...
The Adjective and
The Pronoun
Indefinite)
The Verb
...
...
The Conjunction
Interjection
...
...
...
...
...
...
495
...
...
...
...
497
...
...
...
...
497
...
by Mood, Tense, and Voice
of Time, Place,
The Preposition
KRRATA AND ADDENDA
Degrees of Comparison
493
(Personal, Relative, Possessive, Demonstrative, Distributive,
as modified
The Adverb,
The
its
...
...
Number, Degree,
...
...
...
...
...
...
etc
...
...
...
...
498
...
504
...
511
...
517
...
518
518
521
PART
THE FORTY
III.
EXERCISES.
PART
III.
THE FORTY EXERCISES.
1.
The Cardinal Numbers from
The Cardinal Numbers.

l
yi
1,
2,
Zl
""
3,
Of these,
i, 2,
7,
-fc ch'i\
8,
/V pa
g,
fa
chiu3
10,
-p
xhih?.
ssti*.
4,
[Hj
5,
3L wu
and 10 are found
8,
-^
s
.
--pa
3.
From
2.
-/i i/i
See Exercise
18;
form of Hang, has the same meaning, but
is
two, but under special
used with even greater
ten, precedes the lesser
number.
Thus,
shilir-yl
ii;
etc.
From 20
numbers
to 99 the
4
20, erh -shik
34,
For the
are formed
much
as in English
san -shih
1
67, liu^-skiW-ch'i .
4
2
l
21, ^rh -shih -yi
4.
I.
z
19 inclusive, shi1b
to
number
a couple, dual, is often used as the cardinal

ppj liang
circumstances, as will be seen presently.
restriction.
in the Radical Table.
3
f3f lia a colloquial
liu*.
6,
erh*.
san
to 10 are these
78, ch'fi-shiW-pa
-8su*.
89,
pa
-shih?-chius .
45, ssffi-shihs-iwu?.
92, chiuP-shiW-erh*.
4
3
56, ivu -shifi?-liu
s
93, chiu -shih -san
rest,
l
.
the Chinese count by the hundred, the thousand, and the myriad
pai
ioo, "g"
1,000,
clt'ien\
10,000,
4
^| w<m
Between ioo and 1,000 the hundreds are reckoned as with us; but 1,100 is one thousand one
hundred; 11,000 is one myriad one thousand. No Chinese would speak of eleven hundred,
eleven thousand,
etc.
2
fractional.
Whenever in counting above ioo a break in the series occurs
such as obliges us to insert a zero, the Chinese introduce the word ling. Thus,
5.
ling
303,
It
if
may
the
san1 pai3 ling- san 1
be used with the verb
number spoken
of be
6.
J$
I/
1
,
yii? (see 8), to be, as
more than
.m<l odd.
order, series.
4
2,005, * 7 '^ ch'ien
2
3
ling ivu
odd, after myriads, thousands, hundreds
thirty, after tens.
Thus, yi pa-P
yu
ling
or,
one hundred
TZtJ
EKH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
The Ordinal Numbers. Any cardinal number

4
Ordinal when /i is prefixed to it. Thus,
or group of cardinal
numbers becomes
san 1 pai3 ling* erk*, 302 ti* san1 pai3 ling- erk*, 3O2nd.
7. For purposes of numeration the following words will be constantly required
1
^> to many more.
H| ckp, some how many ?
liu*,
ti* liu*,
6th.
lib s/m
number
several
some
but
A?
to -shao
4J& Jisich
few
few
3
,
less.
how many ?
also,
a good number.
some.
not interrogative more emphasis

be the same.
When
ti>
s/tao
s/m3 to count.
1
is
laid
on
than on shao, but the tone
to
is
held
of numeration, words are used

I, given below to illustrate the method
The
Table.
in
the
Radical
learned
has
student
which the
following are new
already
pu*, not the tone varies before different
yv?, to be to have.
8.
In Exercise
T&
lai
to
come
adverbially, in nu-
meration, to approach a total,
but
characters.
hao3 good
Jff
,
adverbially, very
verbally, to
recover.
under, not in excess.
of a large
10) Hii ^0 one, or ones, of persons or things; the commonest numerative
number of nouns substantive; the second is the correct form of the character. The term
4
>
numerative
is
explained below.
Chinese nouns substantive have
The Numeratives.
commonly
associated with
them
certain other nouns substantive, here styled Numeratives, between the meaning of which and
This may be generic, specific, formal, qualitative, and is sometimes
their own there is an affinity.
so vaguely defined that nouns, being names of things in categories widely different, may have
the same numerative. The latter, in virtue of this affinity, acts as the unit of the class, body,
or other plurality that may be indicated by the noun on which it is dependent and it should
be borne in mind that a large number of numeratives are never used independently of those
;
which they are related. We have in English nouns that do somewhat the same duty.
We say so many head of oxen so many stand of arms a crew of so many hands ; a fleet of
If we were speaking of oxen, we might
These are all plurals or collectives.
so many sail.
The
or
if
of
a
left
head
that there was not
also
arms, that every stand was destroyed.
nouns
to
say
Chinese numerative will be found to play both the parts here illustrated but it also plays a
between a number, one or more, and its substantive, it cannot
part of its own. Where it comes
2
one man, san1 ko* jeW, three men, the Cantonese, in the broken
ko*
be translated. For
;
yi
jeri>,
"
one piece man,"
of China, would say,
English which is the lingua franca of the open ports
"
three piece man." We have nothing analogous to this in our language.
There are many substantives which have no numerative, such in particular as are applied
to the
measure of time, space, quantity, etc.

As stated above, the numerative is itself a substantive, but in construction
indefinite.
represent our one or ones, the pronominal adjective
list of the numeratives is given in Part VIII.
06s.
Yi
l
,
one, changes its tone before
feo
and other numeratives.
it
will often
PART
III.
EXERCISE
/L
^C
"I"
PB
-El
ZL
-u
nr
^L
_L
_i_
4IH
I|H|
"5"
PI
flH
I|HJ
^,
yV
s>
-TI
3-
"f*
H~
J,
_i_
To
7L
"P?
PI o
'(IB
IIHIo
_ _
I.
Jl
1
four.
06s.
^l
PflJ
The Chinese do
-4-
"5"
_L
2
i&
jfit
-f-
..
~\j
&&
&& 3
__
.
I
^-
TO
^
li.i.
jl^
"TT^
_,
o
-tt
Two
Two
or three thousand.
or three
Three or five persons or

persons or things.
Five or six hundred persons.
things.
'*-t
The seventeenth person (or thing).

Iwoor three hundred, m
iwo or three thou2
Number one the first also, figuraNumber twenty-seven; the

tively, the best.
Number
one thousand eight
twenty-seventh.
3-
eight
-I-
Thirty
Sixty-eight.
Fifty-seven.
hundred and
Twenty.
also say three or four, four or five.
Nineteen.
yô
sand.
-3E.
Sixteen.
-fI
.
~S
I
>
y>
1>>
*j.
TO
^S.
o
IfiJo
JS
T-*y
^
=1
4
-^
y\J
sixty-five
hundred and
4-
The one
or,
the one thousand
sixty-fifth.
million and three hundredth
person (or thing). Five hundred and seventy

thousand six hundred and ten. Seven hun-
dred thousand and twenty.
Six hundred and ten; the yi, one, before s/wA, cannot be omitted. In reckoning myriads
omit it. You may say s/nft wan, skill pa wan, or yi shih wan, yi shih pa, wan.
it is
equally
correct to use yi or to
Lfc>o
.
or
-
-zr
_L
S*
-
~&i
_.5
JSr
"PO
T-'Oo
ae
-T-
_L
5.
TOO
-zr
j&
JL-
:.
T?
rm
^
^f.
'o
_L
-+.
TOO
izr
-*+-
^<>
7L
million.
Three hundred and
TO
Five million and one.
thousand.
sand
fifty
five
hundred and seven.
Sixty thou-
One hundred
thousand.
6.
Seventy thousand one hundred and
ninety-one.
Ten
any number;
in
also,
above
all
millions
or,
figuratively,
any (or the utmost) degree;

things.
sixty- one thousand.
Four hundred and
TZU
_^ o -p
-e-
-p
&
t,
:I;H
CHI.
3L
P9
-ZT-
COLLOQUIAL, SERIIS.
One thousand and
3L
-J-
'
3r
PU
F
/\^
*o
A ^
+,.,_,.
_-.
3r
j,
/L
$5
^
..
fi)
^>
iH
'^
^H
a-
A^
'
One hundred and
+
i
^ A ^
.^
.^
^*
^ ^*
^ A 'W 10
three.
fifty-four.
Two hun-
eighteen.
Nine million nine hundred
n i ne ty-three thousand.
an(j
'&
^ num b er
f
people are come or, How
come
? There are some
many
people.
There are a good number of people.
How
are
?
come
of
many people
Upwards
thirty
9'
people are
_.
Four thousand and
five.
One hundred and
8.
dred and
-e-
-i
eight.
seventy-two. Eight thousand three hundred

and sixty-seven.
Ten tliousand and six.
Jgy/nn'g'-J- _.3
eighty
Ninety-eight thousand four hundred and two.
jK-
_fo
and
thousand
Fifty
7-
"
thousand.
-i-
-f
^T-
*n
'Iran
ISJo
^>
W
^
^p
-4-
_t
-I-
/fro
/jte
*^.
"(Qo
/\
^
^
iL
iL
>?>
>fffl
A^T\
ToX
?tv
llu
'fffl
liajo
llfiJo
y,[^
IO
^|[10
Some
Several score
score
or.
3||
ten
"IISI
jH
or things
1--
IL
PW
^1
Two
than ten;
ten ones.
things.
tilings
Score
I.
the Chinese have no word for score, but
it is
or,
How many
or,
[the
lit,
some score.
Ten and
How many
Some
persons or things.
over
persons
There are more
number! does not stop
at
Eight or nine. Near ten persons or

Nine or ten persons or things. Two
hundred and more.

06s.
score
*/
more persons or
ô
(lit, tens);
How many
Five thousand and more.
un-English to say some tens.
Note that ten odd
are supposed not to exceed fifteen.
Near
Obs. 2.
fr~
/I
^
^
-"*T^
I?H
I've
-**
i.
^L-
ten,
at,
,-*
^|
/T
T^
but below
&
fstt
it
lai is only used with ten or a multiple of ten.
IJH
P-Ho
n n
JP-
J-'C
11
ii-
single individual.
"
or,
_JL_.
s\ a
A^
3
i^
^T
How many
f beef.
of fish
Obs.
'
i.
ihx. 2.
Four-tenths
K'on
TT
."L
four- tenths
persons are there?
HOAV
-h
many
Five catties
Some
Six catties of mutton.

or,
long.
There are some persons
catties of fish
understand the word/c'rc, part (emphatically, tenth part), after
refers to individuals,
--
Three inches
catties
ssti, four.
male or female.
35
t>
12
12.
Seven
measures of rice.
measures
of
One measure
wheat.
of millet.
Nine
PART
JL
/f
Iffl*p
_-
UJ
W W
THE FORTY EXERCISKS.
III.
ite
J-*C
/*JC
:zc
^&
4tR
^r
xf
13
13.
Some
teeth
How many
or,
There
li.
are
is
a mountain (or there
two hundred
full
li
mountains)
Three hundred catties odd.
Full
Olis.
.see
1.
is
Twelve.
Fourteen.
the
eight.
ninety-
Two hundred and
How many
7.
Seven
catties
The
ninety-two.
twenty-first.
and forty-second.
sixty-seven.
The
The
men
5.
catties
million
persons
Seventeen
measures
hundred and sixty-seventh.
Five
beans.
two hundred and one.
o.
of
rice.
coming.
hun-
single
measures
How many
miles
nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine.
eight
li
Fourteen
venison.
Eighteen
of small millet.
nine hundred li
As
A
A
Ten measures
Full
many.
of
catties
Three million and twenty-seven. Six thousand and forty. Nine hundred and ninety-
The
are
There are about (but less than) ten

of fish.
Nineteen catties of beef.
9.
The nine hundred and ninety-ninth.

The seven million six thousand five hundred
and forty-third. The three million four thoufive
coming.
individual.
are coming.
4.
sand
are
persons are coming.
fifty
odd
dred
Number
eightieth.
Eight or nine
There are eighteen measures
More than ten persons
More than
three hundred
Six measures
Fourteen measures of beans.
of rice.
8.
3.
catties of fish are there?
and some ounces.
of small millet.
and twenty-
hundred
I.*)
There are a good many horses. How

oxen
are there ?
There are fifty-six
many
oxen and horses.
Forty thousand one hundred and sixtyThree million twelve hundred and
Eight
(KEY, EXERCISE
6.
Seventy-
Ninety.
One hundred and
Forty-five.
twenty-four.
nine.
rather to measure the heights of mountains by the length
following into Chinese.
nine.
2.
high.
by which they are ascended.
Turn
three.
The Chinese idea
Radical 157.
thousand
of the road
teeth
Several myriads of li in length

some tens
of thousands of miles long; or, How many
At the most forty
myriads of miles long ?
long
hundred
seventeen
A
li.
of
good
Full
There are mountains fully
high.
have been seen from Example 1 1 in the foregoing exercise,

1
be
may
represented by yi one, without any numerative. But if the
substantive be one of those to which a numerative is assignable, that numerative will be
9.
Article.
will
our Indefinite Article
commonly found between the yi and the substantive. Sometimes the numerative will stand
without the yi as in yu s ko4 jen2 lai 2 for yus yi 2 ko* jen 2 lai 2 there is a person come (or
1
coming).
10.
The
Definite
Article
the
is
not
uncommonly rendered by
the
pronouns
this
$j^ che*,
* The Chinese text of
this
and
all
and
ffi
na4
that
similar exercises will be found in vol.
i.
demonstrative
ERH
TZtl
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
but chiefly, if not always, when the thing or person indicated is for certain
or has been recently referred to. But these are not the only equivalents.
known
to the hearer
One
The Noun Substantive.
peculiarity of the Chinese Substantive has already

been noticed the employment, namely, of a large staff of words, themselves substantives, in
close relation with other substantives, which from their most conspicuous function have been
11.
denominated Numeratives.
in general a
others they have also been
By
in affinity with that of the
meaning
nouns
styled Classifiers, as possessing
which they are attached as adjuncts,
to
when detached from
or which,
these, they represent.

Independently of these adjuncts, the Chinese substantive may be simple or compound.
Of the simple form, any substantive in the Radical Table is as good a specimen as another;
such as jen1
man
shen 1 body
,
mas
horse
etc.
Of the compound form, there are instances of more kinds than one
the Colloquial Radicals (vol.
altercation
p.
34)
mouth and tongue)
(lit.,
that the words combined
may
such as shih l -ahou3 a corpse

,
kanl -ko l war

,
largely
added
shield
and
corpse-head)
These
spear).
k'ou3 -she'2
show
suffice to
to other substantives.
erh 2 also meaning son,
j^
(lit.,
(lit.,
in the Exercises in
be of like or of very different meaning. In the same Exercise

shih*-tz&, 3 a lettered man.
The word tzti3 son,
be found ch'en 2 -tzti3 a minister of state
will
is
i,
is
used in the same way as frequently as
tzii
3
;
in Pekingese,
But neither of them can be appended ad libitum. Some substantives that

take the one may at times take the other and many do not take either.
more
frequently.
This erh also sometimes plays a part in the formation of adverbs, especially of time and place.
06s.
Combinations of words, such as with us shipwright, horse-boy, landlord, etc., are common
enough in Chinese but, the independent individuality of almost every Chinese word considered,
;
in
it is
most instances
safer to
rather than as part of a
Some English
speak of the relation of the
compound
first
word
to the second as attributive,
substantive.
it will soon be seen, require for the reproduction of their

a
of
Thus
words.
carter is the driving-cart-one, or the one who drives the
string
meaning
cart neither of which combinations, however, would it be convenient to designate a compound
substantives,
substantive.
12.
The
Number.
plural of substantives
may
be effected by the reduplication of the
simple word, but this not without limitation; or by the addition of a noun of multitude,
sometimes preceding, sometimes following, the simple word
or, in certain cases, by the
addition of the particle men1 explained below (13).
;
13.
fPI
men
1
,
a word used colloquially to indicate the plural of personal substantives
or pronouns, and apparently for no other purpose.

ta*
jen
2
,
Thus,
your excellency, his excellency
(lit.,
great man).
to 4 jen 2
Experience will
Note.
carry no tone.
men, your excellencies, their excellencies.

show that its use even with personal substantives is limited.
When
the tone
mark
is
omitted
it
must be understood that the character
is
so little emphasised as to
PART
The Noun Adjective.
14.
such as hao3 good, in Exercise

,
I,
The
wo
:$$
Their plural
16.
iuo
Ni 3 -imn
Obs.
is
The
may
the ist
The Personal Pronouns singular are

3
t'a
the
person f^ ni the 2nd
be either a single word,
"fifi,
men
-men, we, us
ntf-men, ye, you
t'a
1
,
3rd.
just noticed (13).
Thus,
-men, they, them.
often used politely to a single individual.
17. fef, Pj=f, tsa-, properly tsan,

Chinese, but never used in the singular.
we,
.>
Adjective, like the substantive,
formed by the addition of the particle
is
s
or a combination of words of like or different significations.
The Personal Pronoun.
15.
III.
is
a pronoun of the first person peculiar to northern

In the plural, tsa?-men means you and I, or you and
when
the persons spoken of are present; parties in the same undertaking or concern.
second form of tsa2 is but an abbreviation of the first.
When
18.
indicated by fa
1
,
animate beings are in question, any male or female, man or beast,

he or she Pal-men, they. But in speaking of inanimate things t'a 1
may
very sparingly.
In the constructions of the verb which
we
describe as impersonal, the pronoun
it
is
be
used
cannot
be said to be visibly represented in Chinese.

l
This word, which is properly a substantive meaning a bright spot, the blot
has
come
to perform various duties.
target,
Appended enclitically to substantives and
as
we
it
should
the
or
forms,
pronouns,
say,
genitive
possessive case.
Appended to adjectives
19. ffJ ti
on a
it adverbialises them.
It is sometimes a relative pronoun sometimes
an indefinite pronoun, such as one, some, etc.
In all these cases it has presumably usurped the place of other words, notably that of the
2
verb te noticed immediately below (21).
or adjective constructions,
20. Attention
is
here directed to
ti
tz& 4 -chi s -ti, of or belonging to oneself.

ûo 3 -t^, mine.
^vo 3 -men-t^, ours.
ni3 -ti,
nis -men-ti, yours.
ta*-jen
thine.
t'a -ti, his.
The
t'a
$
JB|
chi*
ti
Ho"
ma
his excellency's.
-ti,
theirs.
-men-ti,
following brief examples will help to confirm the student in his knowledge of the
words just learned (10-19)
substantives or
Thus,
pronouns.
21.
the Possessive of
as forming
ti
3
f^ wo
This one.
tsa-
ff!
m( n PI
'
jg ch<?
That one.
Thou, I, he we three.
We two persons here.
;
A Jen"
p&
3
flj
ts(<?
men
2
P| tsa
$f
fa fa
iP3
pg
ti
liang
men
ffc
ni3
jg
3%
5o'"'' A
fy
t'a
3
<>
Jj$
c/te
na*
This place here. That place there.

Thine. Theirs.
We two.
A horse (or horses) of our place here.
My own horse (lit., myself's horse).
Note.
There
is
nothing to show whether ma, horse, in the 4th example,
is
singular or plural.
Jf che*
4
f@o^
Jg not
10
TZtT
ERH
The Relative Pronoun.
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
has just been observed (19) that ti l acts sometimes as a

Relative Pronoun.
In constructions such as The person who did, The thing which Avas done,
ti may be allowed to be so characterised.
But for caution's sake it should be borne in mind
22.
that the Chinese
may
It
not unfrequently be rendered by our participle, past or present,
not in
if
other ways.
23. The Interrogative Pronoun who, ivhwh,
grammarian as a relative in search of an antecedent,
There are other forms of higher

jf^j
shui 2 who,
style.
mo R^ ma
The combination shen2-mo pronounced she 2 -mo used
but may stand before a personal noun, as in she^-mo jeri2 what person ?
1
nken-
3j
alone, signifies what,
ffifc
which has been described by some
in general rendered colloquially as below.
never used but of persons.
is
^vhat,
is
The character shen signifies extreme, but is then read shen4 and it may be surmised that it has
come to be corruptly employed in this combination. Its adjunct mo is a negative interrogative
,
particle
hsiao
sometimes also used as a conjunction, as in na*
it is
Ma
as small as this.
ff*
shift?,
tithe, is
is
mo
to
1
,
as
much
as that
mo
che*
a strictly colloquial interrogative.
sometimes written instead of shen2 but the compound

,
is
none the
less
'
she n 2
pronounced
2j]J
What
24.
na
no?, with ko* or other
person?
06.
-mo, or she*-mo.
What
Who
Thus, for
For the interrogative
may
Whom
yi ko* jen or no? ko* jen
interrogative,
What
person
we may have shui2
or
she^-mo
je.fi
or
2
.
ivhat, shen
-mo may stand alone
be expressed, and without
its
or the substantive representing
numerative.
animate or inanimate, will be rendered

as above, followed by yi and the numerative, or by the numerative without yi\
But which,
by na
is
which we have met with above (10) as a demonstrative pronoun.
the thing spoken of
one, intervening or not),
thing?
It is no?, not na<,
numerative (yi l
if
referring to one of
many
objects,
3
,
25.
The Verb.
It will
suffice for the
moment
to observe that in Chinese the
Verb
may be simple or compound the compound verb being made up sometimes of the same verb
or different meanings, sometimes of a verb and its
reduplicated, sometimes of verbs of like
object.
These remarks apply rather to verbs that we should designate Active or Neuter. The
equivalent of our Passive formation is effected by prefixing to the verb concerned other verbs
signifying to suffer, to receive, to perceive,
Some
etc.,
as the case
may
be.
verbs incontestably active are reinforced by other verbs, which, like the French
do or to cause to be done.
faire, signify either to
We
two simple verbs: yus which means, as an active verb,

The latter has something of this
to have, and as a verb substantive, to be and lai 2 to come.
26.
have met above
(8)
PART
sense even
when used
III.
which
as an auxiliary,
it
often
11
The verb yu3 has
is.
though limitedly,
also,
auxiliary functions.
With these and the
27.
powers, there
following verbs, although also possessing all of them independent

be effected, as auxiliaries, a fair proportion of the equivalents of our verb's
may
inflections.
28.
29.
tsai*, to
be
shih*, to
jjjz
means
question, shih*
to be at
be
yes,
at
in the act of; in.
what ought to be, that is, right. Hence, in answer

shih*, no ; interrogatively, shih* pu shift*, is it so or not ?
to be
and
pu
The combination pu2
shih, not right, constantly occurs as
right or not
error, fault
or as an adjective or adverb, wrong, erroneously.
to a
is it
a substantive meaning
It is well to
remember, however,
that the negative or affirmative in answer to a question is more frequently expressed in Chinese
by the repetition, or partial repetition, of the question with the negative or affirmative prefixed
than by the negative or affirmative alone. Thus,
t'a
lai 2
shih
2
pu lai is he coming ?
1
t'a pu shih*, it is he, is it
t'a
not
pu*
lai 2 ,
he
shih* t'a 1
not coming.
is
it is
he.
We
could not say, without being guilty of a vulgarity, pu* simply, in answer to the
question, and the simple affirmative shih* would rarely be used in answer to the second.
Exercise III,
2
to get ; to have
to possess
to accomplish.
^=| te
2
te' follows the verb to which it is attached,
auxiliary,
indicating
first
See
10.
30.
the
first
verb
is
See
completed, but oftener the possibility of
more than any other verb in Chinese, what we regard

cannot. Of this more directly.
its
ti
above
As an
(19).
sometimes that the action of
completion.
It discharges,
perhaps
can and
as the functions of our verb
3
1
or be ended, when following a verb, indicates the completion
~y liao P^f- lo to end,
of an act, the occurrence of an event.
It
It may often fairly be called a sign of the past tense.
is also
used
as
a
final
Lo
is much used as a
termination.
expletive.
colloquial
freely
31.
When
is
the negative pu* (8) intervenes between the other verb and liao 3 the construction
almost, if not quite, that represented by our potential auxiliaries.
Thus lai 2 'pu liao3 it is not possible that [he] should come. This is said, however, when
,
the speaker merely holds a strong opinion as to the impossibility.
would affirm
It
it
more
Were he
to say lai 2
te*
and
liao*,
puts
te'
want
Jj yao*,
to indicate future time.
But from
its
meaning
te
2
;
as
we
in the past tense.
to
32.
he
though both signify
completion or achievement, are by no means identical in their functions as auxiliaries.

In the combinations te 2 liao, it is finished or achieved, liao3 is the auxiliary of
it
te,
positively.
should be remembered that, elsewhere as here,
should say,
pu
to desire
to
but by no means invariably,

as often as not shown by the context alone.
be about
to.
It is used,
The tense of the verb is

of " to want," yao* comes to represent our auxiliary must, both singly
in various combinations.
and
TZU ERH CHI.
12
COLLOQUIAL SEBJ1-X
With one ot these the student of Pekingese cannot too soon become acquainted. Out of
ad //en', a corrupt monosyllable, ti&, has been formed, which is one of the most useful
auxiliaries in the Peking colloquial.
It is of course not recognised by native
lexicographers, and
lias been represented in this course by the character te 2
a
Chinese tone mark
distinguished by
attached to it on the right side.
,
Another corrupt combination
^ mo
33.
put
is
is
not used.
or mu*, not,
is
much
is
While, for instance,
never used with

3
for
pick
common than pu*,
less
put
do
yao*, the imperative
pv?
but
not.
used in a few cases where
is
never used with yu3 to have or to be, mo* or
is
mu*
shih*, to be.
has formed the corrupt monosyllable mei2 which will be found, however,
before the verb yu? itself, standing as a simple negative. Thus,
With yu
it
mei2 yu 3 hao3
When mo*
ti,
there are not any good ones.
mei stands before another
or
verb, that verb
is
generally in the past tense.
Thus,
1
lai2 liao
mei2
t'a
t'a
mei 2 yu1
lai 2 ,
he
is
is
he come or not
not (has not) come.
2
your question were, Is he coming or not ? you would ask t'a lai
2
1
answer in the negative would be t'a pu* lai he will not come (is not coming).
1
If
pu
lai'
and the
To
34.
be
tsai*, to
^
^
^
2
,
to be at
at.
ff|
to be right.
tei3 (te
~f liao
mo4
want
yao*),
must.
end
ended.
to
mei2
mu*, not;
tH>
Jf
thing.
Learn
ff-
1
,
east
shih 2 a tithe
,
= mo* yu*), not

(
intensive
jj
hsi 1
mo
but with
what ?
mo
1
,
1
,
interrogative,
sheri
but, like sheri', used phoneti-
cally with the following
also the following

,
tung
:g
sken*, extreme;
na what
J|
3
$& hen an
who
and intoned
to be.
35.
JjJ
to will.
shui
to possess; to obtain; to achieve.
yao*, to
^'
fg
be
shih*, to
te
words just learned (21-33) are as follows
recapitulate, the
mo
1
,
to express
also any.
a negative interrogative particle.
as in
west
hen3 hao3 very good.
(see
Radical 146).
The second
is
a corrupt form.
The combination tung^hsi 1 means
Thus,
hen3 haos
H mai
3
,
to
buy
||[
ti
tung^hsi
mai*, to
sell.
1
,
very good thing (or things).
The combination maia -mai* means
Thus,
to 4
mais-mai*,
trade on a large scale.
trade, business.
PART
III.
EXERCISE
13
II.
or
As
Ao
In che-mo, no-mo, the w has no interrogative power.
is then pronounced mo.
06s.
(13), which,
The
womcn )-
As small
large as this.
ou
as that.
sometimes represented
syllable is
liy
men
however,
M M
06s.
S A
Jt
Thing
tung-hsi, east
Ji
and west
q.d.,
iVt
4f&
3tR
What
thing?
everything between east and west.
^^SitfiiSt^^R3
*W
W HVo Ao M.
m
A
1C S M 10 #?
$? @ S Ao A H
-ftH
Whatman?
2.
/flB
1121
Who
3-
He
good man.
He
sell?
man
that
is
a trader.
is
a good
sells
man is a
What does he
That
many
things.
ffic
O?w.
S/WJ'*
What
does he sell?
(lit,
he
is
a seller of what?)
would be equally correct
It
to say
fir,
mat
'<
-/<///
WIO.
10A^^'WT W^^
4-I want good ones; have
A.
1R
j-j
5tT
3tj
<ft
cz.
tS
5j
tS
^R
3^
"W,
^
W
Jfi
Oft
^g
Obs.
>5
AA
'aff
^^g
none
any')
you ^ any?
There are none;
This
left
5fc<,
^fr
xE
H*J
VHf
ilu
iH
Ao
^ A
O/w.
i.
In the
Ob*.
2.
It is
is
last
liao implies that there were
some
2R "W "W' 1& ^
DC
-H*
~ST
Mi
'W
li
5^
<Ift
two examples fhf
simplest to construe
fi
na
Is
^ îat
person
is
is
but that they have gone.
he come
He
'
come ^
^s
is
There
not come
is
'
irh are pronounced
3>
+m & A ^
O
T( *?
in the
Who
no one come.
is
che. 'rh,
as the sign of the possessive case
S00 ^
^
It
is
come; or, there is someone come.

What place is he from? He is not of this
T
irh,
5'
^s
Tin
iTV
iLi
originally,
na
if.d.,
'rh.
he
is
what
place's n
are c
Obi.
or, I
very good; that

bad (or, this is a very good one that one
bad ^ This man is very good; that man
i e ft
very bad.
have none
JnL
.^
^ ere
are
( or>
thcre?
%
answer to the
first
number.
How many
Ten people and more.
question to omit
t'a
mCn.
me
'
people are there
14
TZtT
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
This
&
A:
ja.
>ffl
flR
iVi
^ M
^m
3$ B
&
Iff
iH
fid.
10 >!
How many
-ffl
II
Not many
-tfft
8
"
^C
rf
have you of
It is
this article?
of them.
they want
it.
not very good<

Have you got any
ones
there?
None
Unless you
good
good.
some
have
very good ones, we do not want
Have you got tllis thing ?

I cannot buy so many as
any>
want
A,,
,^
Whose
'
thin?
eirs 1S
IflL
.^
theirs
T ^-ISffl^lifflM
,_.
is
this
is
do not want this one
8.
i^
That
'
Whose
2fc
>= -^
^
^
&
^Ho W *S
T*
*J
W&
e^wîVf^^îB^HV. Ct
He
J
^ ^
5R
^
-Vd
ours
thing?
>flB
ours.
&/o
is
it.
We
do not
that.
Jt1W&*?^tffc
JK
06s.
i.
T.
We
do not want any: note the use of
Obi. 2.
In the
06*. 3.
last
1C
iPI
liao as a final expletive.
example, no-mo, that, those
cannot buy,
T T
etc.
%$
liao
Iff o
3
,
T
~JT
ifS
hsieh ko, indefinitely numerous ones.
a potential auxiliary.
Tnis wil1 never do
9-
That
business.
is
'tel
or
tnis is
not to be done;
a
that
or,
cannot be accomplished.
06s.
The
first
liao
is
the verb to finish, to accomplish

or, with pu, cannot.
the second liao, though literally possessing the same
meaning, does the duty of the verb can,
&. 1&
06s.
$%
flao
ie
it
18
M M 10
Aci in the second example: there
^
M t*
W '&&
^ ^Jl
iJK
tit
H, fSJii
M' M.
n(f
Jf
10.
is
This thing
no perceptible difference
u
should
If
(or,
Chang
3
,
to grow,
;
to
ought
buy a good
to)
buy a horse you

one.
It
won't do to buy that horse (Mf., that horse

(= ought not to be) bought); he
cannot be
not Mang*, long (Radical 168);
see 30.
meaning of the two sentences.
in the
(lit.,
grown, not good,

06s.
very good.
y u want
has a bad coat
the action of the verb chang 3
is
see
next example.
or,
Ti
the hair, chang 3
not
is
te
2
,
has
well).
here an auxiliary completing
PART
H
T*C
sf
'
l-'Co
"7
J
a'
If
06s.
i.
-C/i.
06s.
2.
-Chang
.Ah
^
06s.
i.
_M
FJ
bamboo
A.
I -
^&^
v(i
"J*
\J
you
^^
^3ô I"* M
man compared with my son
;
[is]
Thy horse. My sheep. His cart. Your

Our handkerchief. Their knife.
2. You buy, we sell.
They want to buy
do
What
things.
they want to buy?
things
Good things. We here sell very good things.
as large as that.
3. As small as this
Have you any good horses

good carts here; we do not
not a good one.
is
this horse
Whose
horses have you
mine.
Three.
How
He
things
not of this place.
Does he
Not very good.
The
millet
sell
good
tilings.
Obs.
Trader
7.
want
place
to
are there
His nose
good
Not very many.
Five.
want
to
want
to
buy
98).
fish are
not few).
is
gold? No; it is clay.

very small. Venison (deer flesh)
Is the antelope (yellow sheep)
Yes.
Clay:
lit.,
The scenery (Radical

is
very
fine.
yellow earth (sec Radical 201).
That man has grown very tall or,

That insect (or reptile) is
very tall.
1 1.
he
any
How
is
more than three niches

comes I must see him.
buy a
To return
no?, simply, to lay hold of a person or thing.
and verbal constructions.
na" jetf, to arrest a person.
are these things ?

They are
There are many fish in this
Exercises, 10, 6) here
36.
to verbs
What
of wheat.
here the
very good.
found here?
two traders
things; are there
five
Is that thing
is
a buying selling man.
buy
traders (sellers) here
many
(lit.,
10.
06s.
lit.,
What
black beans.
traders here
We
have not very good things.
sell
His
I
days do you require ?
want three months.
Do you use wheat or
What place are you from ? I am of

What place is that trader from ?
place.
is
five sons.
How many
9.
Not very many.
sons and daughters has
Earthenware (Radical
Obs.
horses.
is
It
?
?
sell
II.)
earthenware.
sells
We
No.
How many
some bushels
6.
this
in familv are
are under ten.
Four daughters and
He
is
4.
many
upwards of eight inches
How many
sons are here; his daughters are there (in

I have walked a hundred li.
that place).
is
carts are there here
my
^s
son.
(KEY, EXERCISE
8.
to be).
How many
man
high eight inches [and] more.
he
not as high as that (q.d.,

height the other person declares it
5.
at
good many things; do you want to sell?

What things do
(or, do you sell them?)
you want ? Good things.
is
We
the following into Chinese.
1.
This cart
come
lai above in 8.
rice.
sell
greatly.
is
-J
Turn
as the
than
TlH
llfii
3'
taller
06s. 2. -See k'ou in the Colloquial Radicals
This mountain
he
or,
t%& (Radical 39).
BK 13
fck
^J^
-Lit., that
Wlien he comes you rmist go;

an(j y ou mus t g O
_
the
18),
Those bamboos have crown
12.
/4A-
j^:
15
hen ch'ang 2 , have lengthened very long.
PJKjA
ID
P 1
iR
1
1 o
5R
AM*
jz.
'Ft
UB
(Radical
3
jg
T*T
Jp.
III.
na
Note the following
long.
When
Thus,
che* ko* tung^fisi 1 lay hold of this thing.

,
he
TZU ERH CHI.
16
37.
ch'ii
2
simply, to go, as opposed to lai to come.
From combination
ni3 ch'u4 you
come.
of the above
we
placed between no? and

no? shui lai2 bring water here.
the simpler phrases,
go.
get na lai
an object, of course, being expressed or understood.
38.
Thus,
2
ivo 3 lai 1
away
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
is
its
to bring,
When
2
4
adjunct lai or ch'u
and na2
ch'u*, to
take
expressed, the object, in
Thus,
nor eke* ko* tuny l -hsi l ch'u4 take this thing away (lit., laying hold of this thing
There are exceptions to this rule of construction which will be noticed in their place.
39. Referring to Sections 30 and 31, write out the following in Chinese
,
go).
no?
2
na
na2
Observe na
the
can be
lai
te'
te
te
laid
hold
na2 pu4
te
na 2 pu4
na2 pu*
of.
can be brought.
can be taken away.
na-
ch'ii,*,
liao
pu
te
2
,
lai
cannot
cannot be,
ch'ii
be, etc.
etc.
cannot be,
etc.
can be laid hold of; na pu liao cannot be, etc. In these two
2
but no? put liao* will be found to have more force and
te
2
nothing from na
first differs
scope than
2
.
With the following

when attached to na2
40.
2
verbs, lai
and
ch'ii*
may
discharge
much
the same function as
a door).
JH
chin*, to enter (as
Jtj
ch'u 1 to go out of (as a door).
kuo*, to pass over (as a river, hill, street).
'fT.
wang
tion
41. Thus, for instance
kuo*
$
To
To
To
To
latf
j& kuo*
ch'u
towards, or in the direc-
of.
~%.
move
to
lai
wang
JJ che
&
ft 'rh
llj
kuo*
slum
ffi
ch'u 1
chin*
P^
men
PI
men2
ch'u
^ch'u*
2
%- a lai
come
in at the door.
To go out of the door.
over
the
hills.
go
(across)
be coming in this direction (or, come here).
pass backwards and forwards.
much used
an auxiliary in verbal constructions of past time.

43. jjjS ch'i to rise, followed by lai~, may mean simply to rise from a lower position to
But the combination ch'i3 -lai2 it will be seen, has a separate function.
get up.
It has been mentioned above (26) that lai 2 is frequently used as an auxiliary.
This it
42.
/,'wo
to pass, is
as
is
as indicating
progressive action.
The combination
3
ch'i -lai
2
,
itself
an
auxiliary,
must be
rendered variously according to circumstances.

44.
5lj
too 4 to arrive
,
as
fa1 too4
liao 3 ,
he has arrived
fa1 mei2
too 4
he has not
arrived.
used as an auxiliary with certain verbs implying movement, but with greater freedom
in the southern than in the northern mandarin.
It
is
(A"
also chao 2 written in the two forms here given.
The first of these,
^^, ^,
Besides other parts, the word
however, is used in positions where the second would not be.
of
that
a
most
verb.
plays
important auxiliary
45.
PART
As cko
III.
attached to several verbs
conditions, hereafter explained, cho
is
read
produces a participial
it
c/w>
17
Under other
inflection.
Thus,
tsou3 -cho, walking, going on foot.
must not be applied indiscriminately.

As chao2 it resembles in power the verbs te 2 and liao3 and often means to meet with
unexpectedly, or to catch, as a cold, etc. See Note at the end of Exercise XL.
We may say no? pu* te 2 no? pu* liao3 or no? pu* ckao2 But here again the selection of
the auxiliary must depend on circumstances.
But
it
Learn the following substantives

2
ffi fang a house.
J|[
46.
These as often as not take
47.
XL,
3,
Obs.
tzti
l
,
or
wu
l
,
a room.
^jj|
p'u*,
Thus,
yi* ch\en
fang
-tzti,
Yi
properly yi*
But observe, san1
tzii,
a house.
3
properly tz& .
The
latter,
wu -tzii,
l
chieri
Hang
when used thus
two rooms.
enclitically, atonic.
ko* p'u*-tzii, three shops.
chien 1 will also be found to act as a preposition of time or space
jflj
a shop.
Thus, fang -tz&, wu -tzu, p'vt-tztt.

the numerative of rooms and houses. (See Exercise
after them.
ckien 1 a division or space
2.)
06s.
in which case
it
follows its object.
Learn the following
48.
home
chia 1 house,
$\> wai*, outside
also, family.
J$t ck'eng-, city wall; city.
chieh
$j
be seen
3
inside
"f* hsia*,
way
The following
4
are examples of
^? chia
JH too
%'rh
below
head
I o2/u
c/m
shang*
$|>
shang*
%j a
chieli
to descend.
end
side.
cku*, to stop oneself
wai*
<'ou
%j chiek
to stand firm
to
at.
some of the simplest uses
"f hsia*
ti
of these words
chia 1
îvai*
%fc
^Ji3
li
Bf^'ou
ch'eng
home.
or, at
Outside the wall or
city.
Outside.
Inside.
It
VA
ft
reside
jp|
Up
t'ou
of.
49.
skang*
In the house
also, to say (as will
later).
li
shancf, above; towards; to ascend.
street.
4
}lt too road,
of.
(or, in)
rams
the street.
(lit,
To go up the
street.
there descends rain).
Householders, as opposed to shopkeepers.

On the road.
Observe that shang*, li3 wai*, used as prepositions, follow the

a preposition it is here used only as a verb.
,
object.
So would hsia* as
50.
^
|^
As
k'ai
Add
<so
4
,
lifai
men
2
,
these words
to
1
,
to
do
to
as tso* skih* (252), to do business.
open
hence, in composition, implying removal to greater or less distance.
open the door.

3
TZU ERH CHI.
18
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE
A
*
III.
There
i.
man
A
I.
Lit., there is
06s.
2.
If there
man
[who] holding things
were no liao at the end,
it
is
here with things or,

things; a man has
;
A man
(i.e.,
is
come
to take
away
with the wish or intention to
Those things are too many
take).
man
man
brought things.
that thing
Obs.
is
come with
is
for
one
to take.
come.
could
mean
that a
man was come
for the things
na, to
q.d.,
lay hands on, the things.

06s.
3.
That thing
na
or
na
ko.
Obs. 4.
Lit., those things [are]
O6s.
Notice the
na tnng-hsi
5.
pu
liao,
very
many
one
man
cannot take [them] away.
implying impossibility, between na and
ch'il.
might run, one man na
It
pii liao
ch'ii.
I* 2
SB
ft.
m
A
2.
That
man must
not be seized
(e.g.,
because of his rank or other circumstance
makes
that
it
to seize him).
wrong
That
man
cannot be seized (there is no getting hold

That man is not to be seized, will
of him).
never be seized (he
is
too powerful, too far
off, etc).
3.
No
one
4.
To come
In a room.
lives in this
To
into the room.
room.
live in a house.
This house
is
great deal better than that one of his.

06s.
i.
The
06s.
2.
T'a=t'a
liao at the
ti,
end
is
merely expletive.
his that house.
5.
there
How many
buildings have you over

Is the house you
Thirty-five clden.
live in large or small
of three chien.
06s.
i.
Chien:
06s.
2.
Construe:
see
Exercise
You
XL,
3,
Obs.
2.
reside(ing-Si) that house, [is it] large, [is it] small'?
I live in
a small room
PART
III.
^hJt^T^S'ftfii^
5
i A ^
tH
3>
ô
~fc
flf
50R*
fifi.
Ijt
JeT
i"
JT
&.
jli
-a=
-7
To
fW
-4-
-ft-
^ ^
HH
&xf
'li
'
jtf
#?
**
#?
^ ^
lffii
m ? m n
Obs.
^ *
M
S ^
vt
f^
r.
.Plo
oxf
?P
jjflJ
BS
0B
1H1
6^
7
r>
division of the city?
shop, and what business does he do ?
iK
ft
!fll
ft
&
E9
-W
iffi
^r
31R
^
1P1
^^
is
the city.
Is
it
is
that man's
cho, living, in the eastern
where ?
8
^
^H
^
thuigs in that shop
We, wo-mn,
06s.
3.
Ti has probably no more than a rhythmical function.
lit.,
TGI
ff
*l
yfv
E3
_L
E9
^&
3$
^K
Jx.
-4-.
4H
>"=
"^
f5>
^
H
of people,
1^.
_t
BR*
All*
^
*ft
M>**.
Has he come
there?
xL*
Where
m not going anywhere.
iJL
no. V/t in the first clause interrogative
He
has come.
He
did
no thoroughfare).
c
IO Can you (or, one) get through by that

way? You cannot get through (or, there is
10
*n
yAl
_l-
**
h
number
large.
9-
~*
31C
L*
the
not come in; he went past, westwards. He

Has
is gone up the street to buy something.
he ever been over here ?
fifii
or,
his those shops.
'
the person addressed being an outsider.
^.ife.^fi^h^-^h9
_ ^ _
^
Be ""
4
^ ^
'
no business so large here. That shop is mine.

There is a largo number of people buying
His shops are three in the east division

e W6St
WG âVC
*^ e C ^ tV an(^ ^ OUr
^-
His shops,
The
Where
would continue the conversation, [Are you] chu
i.
06.
cit y)-
better to live in the eastern or in the western
2.
*i&
i3C.
I live in
#B'
Obs.
^*S O
live
Pekin o> in the Tartar
ftK
06s.
*fj}t
Where do you
7-
in
etc., is
i ^
in the
outside.
35:
1lHj>
]|t
/_*
Walking
street).
a great number of people

There is a great deal of dust
is
A:
man's shop that he opens
ft
*^
up the
There
Lit., that
2.
IS
in the street.
M,
w
4ft
(lit.,
street.
'
If ftao were omitted, this
i.
city or in the western

Obs.
a
'
:&
Ifc
^ e doing at home ? He is not

Where is he gone ? He is gone for
home.
at
2E
a turn
3&
:**
HsE
I-
Shang, verb and preposition.
5,
'M
I-
06s.
BK*
ift
6^1
'
What
6>
19
No;
are
you going?
have never been
in the second, indefinite
anywhere.
Have you ever been

there.
TZU ERH CHI.
20
A$
T
To
-^ $R f^
$ft
3l?
'f/ft
33o
"B*
lUl
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
11
You must get up.

no t up (out of bed).
Th at thing cannot be lifted (it is too heavy).
te'=^l^
-/t-7fciteW
have you been doing ? or,

II- What
What were you doing (at the time)? He is
'îe
wm d has risen (is

It
to rise).
pronoun,
Obs.
i.
Observe the auxiliaries lai and
Obs.
2.
You
first,
second, or third.
this
man
cho, signifying past time.
cM ko jin may be added in anger or not it merely emphasises the personal

Liao has here no more than a rhythmical function.
:
H
A T
7
T.
fto
12. It
going to
is
has rained
this won't stop.
rain has stopped.

Can [one] get a firm
hold of this thing or not? [One] can get a
The
firm hold of
hold of
,|Vv1
It
rain.
Rain as heavy as
heavily.
ft.
All
beginning, or has begun,
has come on to blow hard.
it.
hold
it (to
Be
careful to keep a firm
it fast).
t?
Obs.
In the construction of possibility or impossibility, the
i.
But you say na chu tung-hsi ; you must not say

Obs.
Be
2.
careful
lit.,
little heart,
no,
te
and pu come between the
and chu.
ita
tung-hsi chu.
little
being here used in the sense of
fine,
minute
q.d.,
pay minute
attention.
Will his door open? (or, can that

It won't open.
13.
door of his be opened ?)
Obs.
k'ai
pu
liao,
Lit., his that
door open can open? open not [can] open?
the impossibility would be more strongly affirmed than
Turn
You
1.
live inside
side the city.
you
live out-
house of
six chien.
city.
This house
k'ai
Open not
pu
(KEY, EXERCISE
much
Obs.
It has ten chien; that
larger than that
one has
four.
In
the large streets there are not many dwellinghouses [but] there are many shops there.
3. Where is his residence? He lives in a
;
very small house in the west of the
city.
He
If the answer were
III.)
He
is
not
hi trade.
An
intensive
of the adjective.
is
[can] open.
k'ai.
keeps a shop there, does he not?
shop, and where do
live?
2.
one.
the
I live in a
Where do you keep a
the
by
4.
Come
the street.
How many
Where
city.
large.
is
often formed
Thus, hsiao lisiao erh
into the
The door
room;
of that
shops has he?
are they?
They
by the
ti,
it
repetition
very small.
is
room
dusty in
is
Three or
open.
four.
are in the east of the
Does he do a large business?
Not very
PART
5.
What
is
he doing at home ?
or, he does nothing
nothing to do
not what to do).
;
What
west.
buy horses and

6.
1
7JP chih
ti
gft
shuo 1 to say
to
speak language
1
personal pronoun, shuo
55.
ai
like.
t'a
see 51.
is
much
How many
better one
chien has
it
Eight mine has six, and yours has

His house has a large frontage (k'ou*
four.
mien4 ).
tell
too4 to say (48).
lit.,
Thus,
do not know to
say.
Thus,
mo
he has not been
do you not
him
like
wen2 language
of books
Thus,
t'a
know
That man's house
language, what one says, as opposed to
(Radical 67).
s/mo hua
pu
hua4 spoken
wants
does not
than mine or yours.
chih 1 too 4 I cannot
ai4 to love or
21
To know
06s.
ni
54.
He
7-
know commonly joined with
to
into your room.
Does he know where
ai* or
53.
has
got
wo3 pu4
(lit.,
that trader I wanted to
buy things from gone?
52.
I live
carts.
Where has
51.
has
Towards the
does he want to do?
He
He
has gone out of the
Where has he gone?
city.
to
He
III.
hua4 hao 3
his [style of] speaking
as in ûo 3 shuo 1 I say

,
means
blame
to
this is
good.
my
as t'a 1 shuo 1
Also to speak
opinion.
the language spoken, as opposed to iveri2
or,
is
as
But followed by a
wo3 he blamed me.

,
Examples:
t'a
fjjl
1
fill
fjfc
fi'/mo
fjf
hua 4
f)
t'a
s/mo
%& hen*
iff.hao*
Jg;
.s/ii/t
na*
g[)
1
./''"'""
diJ"-
Jj&
^, mo
fjjjo
t'a
fft
pu
ai*
1
flfc,
ni 3
t'a
jf[
too 4
ffi
wo3
*& ai
pu
chih 1
^ pu*
1
p chih
<d 4
5^ too
ni3
fft
n chih
Do you know
[I] do not.
Do you like him ? Not much.
?
Obs.
To,, great,
used adverbially.
What is that man saying

He speaks very well (good
What he
56.
The
first
BT",
is
HO
as liang3 hui2 ,
58.
chiao*, to call
the form
cause, and, as
57.
P-T>
says hen* shih*,
is
quite
(or,
very) right
(or, correct).
accent, form, sense).
to bid.
more commonly
used.
As
chiao* t'a 1 lav, bid
As
will
be seen
him come
later,
it
call
him
here.
sometimes means to
an auxiliary, can render an active verb passive.

/mi'2 , to return
as t'a 1 hid- lid- liao,
he
is
come
back.
Also,
an occasion
on two occasions.
^ fa
2
,
to be tired
as
wo3
shenl-tsti fa* liao, I
am
(lit.,
my
person
is) tired.
TZU ERH CHI.
22
yfa
60.
Jpj fang
61.
62.
stand upright, as distinguished from
cltan*, to
59.
feo
to recline
to
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
sit.
Examples:
4
tso*
ck'i 3
jjg
l!f,cho
Tjfcslai
5
%, fa
~f o liao
ckan*
f$j fang'-
ni
fft
is
gone back on
TSOH here, on
06s.
him back
Call
tai2
~f a liao
3
tsou
j|
too
$L
'rh
HI /twi
t'a
t'
fljj,
Wj- cliiao*
&
He
down.
down.
to lie
sitting, or lying
|ij
2
kui*
c&'w4
foot.
foot.
or,
him
bid
return.
Tired with one's journey.

06s.
Tsow
You
stand up
probably, but not necessarily, on foot.
Lying down.
Sitting.
Clio inflecting these verbs participially.
O/is.
kuan 1
|p|
frontier station
64.
Standing up.
63.
go the road
tao, to
J{||
also,
to close, to shut
as
an important point
ch'uang
1
,
window
kuan men*, shut the
1-
hence
door.
be seen
(as will
later), to
bear upon, to concern.
by hu* (Radical
colloquially, always followed
Also, a barrier or military
63).
Thus,
kuan1 ctiuang^hu4 shut the window.

,
65.
iHj|
O6s.
Its
lou
2
,
an upper story
also a storied building
numerative in the latter case
66. ^Jj yor, a
bureau or
is
official
not chien, but
tao.
as lou* sJiang*, upstairs.
See Part VIII.
residence; colloquially, not used alone, but with
Thus,
2
shang* ya -men*, to go to
67.
68.
Examples:
^
H
ti
4
,
the ground
tsai*
lou2
_t shang*
jen
as ti*
Iisia*,
on the ground.
tsai*
j$jj
fang*
fy
ti*
tsai4
hsia*
Olm.
is
a person
(or,
wo3
^f
yao*
A Jen*
yu
Ji shang* J: shang*
persons) sitting upstairs.
Cho marking present time.
ffi
Shut the door and open the window.

There
office.
;jf{
lou*
_t shang*
iso
kuan1
f^ men*
1
g| k'ai
mew2
PART
THE FOETY EXERCISES.
III.
Someone is gone upstairs (lit., ascending the

want to go to office (to the ya2-men2).
is
story
23
gone).
Sluing, going towards or to.
Obs.
person (or persons) stretched on the ground.
Sitting upstairs.
^t
69.
pu*, a pace.
with hsing 2 (Radical 144)

70. Jft ch'i
As pu* hsia* (48), on foot pu* Jisia* tsov?, to go on

2
2
3
pu* hsing to walk put hsing tsou to go on foot.
;
as
to bestride
71. fj^ chiao*,
ma3
as ch'i2
a sedan-chair
on horseback.
to ride
as tso* chiao*, to sit in a sedan-chair.
-y;
72. TJ| ting 3 , the
numerative of chiao*, sedan-chair
Also the numerative of caps.

1
73. Ifi ch'e
It
means
74.
5^
Hang*, the numerative of
75.
,U|
ma3
76.
|7C p'i
87),
77. 1JH lo
(8)
z
,
numerative of
a mule.
Its
as tso* ch'e
cart
as
ssti*
1
,
will be seen later.
to sit in a cart.
wv? Hang*
ch'e
1
,
four or five carts.
a horse.
'
1 2 3
ch'e
san 1 ting2 chiao*-tz u,, three sedans.
as
crown of the head, as
as well the
(Radical 159), cart or carriage
(Radical
Also,
foot.
ma3
as
numerative
pa
p'i
2
t'ou
is
ma3
(48)
eight horses.
as
sun 1
as
Hang
t'ou
Io 2 -tzti, three mules.
Ko
can also be used.
HH
78.
a donkey.
I'ti?,
and donkeys are spoken of
Its
numerative
is
p'i (76)
2
collectively as Itf-tzti lu
Ko
(8)
p'i
can also
two donkeys. Mules

be used as the numerative
lu*,
of donkeys.
79.
Examples:
jj
T
^
mai 3
^ ao
Hang
f$
ch'i-
^
^
H
^- tzu
lai
came
in a cart
goes
(or, is
want to buy
Obs.
He
Tiwj = yi
lit.,
c ^'^
ma
%. lai
He
shih*
6^
<i
shift*
am
fy
t'a
mai
|_^ lo
fg
tzti
^Jw
fjjj
4
?/ao
^
H
t'a
iws
mai3
ting
e/wao 4
^
^
f
^
i'a
fg
tws
shih*
pu
/isia
*
4
<sow3
JjS
toi
3-vtzti
fi^ti
Qfyti
seated in a cart come.
or was going) on foot.

a chair.
ting,
one piece.
sells (or, is selling)
mules and donkeys.
Did he ride here on a horse or on a mule
mule hither ?
I have
bought two
ftbs.
Not Mi Hang.
riding a
carts.
q.d., he,
was he riding a horse
hither,
was he
24
all
ERH
TZtJ
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
as na* p'i 2
ma?
k'uai*, tlmt horse [is] quick.
80.
ffi
k'uai*,
81.
13|
man*, slow
82.
lU
ch'ien 2 before, in time or place.
83.
hou*, behind, in time or place.
84.
|ft$
ton 1 (properly tu 1 ),
quick
;
as na* IcP-tzti man*, that
85.
Examples
plurality
all,
as na* hsieh 1 jen 2 tou 1
li
pu'
&,shih*
3
jtfohao
t'a
fife,
^^man*
jjj|
2
ft ch'ien
*
$L ho u
ffit.
t'ou
Were
either.
fj^,
@| t'ou
& pi
1
j$ tou
tsou3
te
fc a k'uai*
hou*
if
tsou
'&
te
lo
tzu
|g lu
jftjiao
t'ou
jjJI
1
%$ tou
a1
|$
&
lo
3>
tzti
vjo3
ffi
na*
fC p'i
man
*|
,B|
Jg na*
3
ft wo
ma?
fak'uai*
na*
JJ5
hsieh 1
is fast.
slow.
is
Those mules and donkeys are

Obs.
%. lai?
That horse of mine
That mule
hao3 those people are
t'ou-
|ij
slow.
[is]
Also, under some circumstances, both or
good.
mule
all
good.
the hsieh omitted, lo and lu would be singular, and
io=both.
walking achieve speed. He walks slow.

Front and rear both wrong lit., not what [the thing] should be, before or behind.
I walk fast
q.d., I
Obs.
He was
Obs.
all not,
Toupii,
i.
in such a context
= neither.
better subsequently than he
Hou
not colloquial, nor
lai
may mean
had been
analogous to hou lai in construction.
is it
at
first.
(as 4ere) after a date already past, or hereafter.
In writing
it
means
The combination
ch'ien lai is
to proceed to or towards.
It
has
also auxiliary power.

06s. 2.
T'ou li: q.d., within the beginning = at first.
Also, in front; see Exercise IV, i, English
There are many other combinations signifying before, in some of which, as will be seen, ch'ien plays a part.
3
,
to hold
the transitive verb.
Thus,
86.
Jjjj
pa
pa
As a
substantive,
87.
jfjjj
na*
hold
we should
ni3
88. $fjj p'ao
3
,
kei 3
to run, as a
say,
it
wo3 na2
man
call
27).
the object of
shang*, shut to that door.
amongst
kei? (properly chi 3 ), to give
as
Frequently prefixed to what we
of.
men2 kuan
3
pa has various uses
often acts as to or for
galloped away.
to take
(p.
others, that of a numerative.
as in ni 3 kei3
wo3
yi
forms the dative case.
ko*,
you give
me
one.
Hence
it
Thus,
2
yi ko* lai bring one for me.
2
to gallop, as a horse.
As p'ao3
ch'u* liao, ran
off,
or
PART
III.
EXERCISE
#+
T
|Bjo
'&
3ft-
4m
$f
xl
ft
*tfe
Ift
'\?
4$
ff^
>?>
4EH
1%
'"^
m
CM
_^
"ftil
tOil
[tj
?1^
(to*., it is
does
AC
iff
tS.o
$^
m m m ^
belong to
He
it.
done
l$l
"^"0
it
I that)
Whose house
2>
can't
(or,
i.
Ch'u-lai, as an auxiliary completing the action of the verbs tso
Chi 3 hui 2 would be equally
ffi
i
Ao
i@
Ao
Tjx
^B
^f*
-z-
5(5
-=r
(what family
?
tell.
He
it?
has done
it
do
he
once;
and shuo.
3-
There are
that have come.
IS
Ati
<
correct.
five
or six people outside

are they ?
I cannot
Who
say
|^^rfel^^55Â4
^r ^m
T n
*A fi a
iii|
this
2.
-7-
is
Who knows
I can't
How many times has
?)
made)
? d> one turn
Obs.
3fc
Who is that says so

say so. How do you know
uninhabitable.
06s.
.&
;gc
is
place
i&
-'
$IV
^P
iI
^b-
IV.
'
Tlie y sa ^ or> some sa y ( lit there is a
man, or there are men, who say), that that
JNLfftoxli&^îiflS'fl'i
trn
25
WTien His Excellency comes in you

must all stand up. I was (or am) sitting upstairs
he was or is lying on the ground.
4-
it
06s.
Do
i.
Were
Obi. 2.
N.B.
not construe
ti
We
hsia, below.
shall
liao 3 placed after the first

lai,
A ta-jcn is not necessarily His Excellency,
come presently
^k
Xt
>r
06s.
PI
T
*
Jjl>
'Vj
~?*
Jo
T-
Jilt
uha
tj
(ipa
Êi^6
^
Xt
Sate
>\<b.
i
lyv
i/'
FIB
is tired,
KM
tj
J*J*
walk
T
Hel
6.
Walk a little faster; when once
^s
,
iUt
06s.
P 1
Shut
ft&
in, etc.
above a certain rank.
Do you
like this
Not very much.
s ^ ufc
y u won>t get home.

n
walk any more.
the city
am too
[I] cannot.
|^
ttj
7-
PT
Op en
tne door.
Shut the window.
window
I"
official
5.
tired to
^ P m ^
-
my body
JL
PI
[n\
ItU
^V
T^
J/if.,
fft
t& hsia, below.

His ExceUency has come
the title being applied to any
>
^>3
to
the sentence would run,
is
shut.
ffi
the shany* us nu auxiliary completing the action of the verb kuan.
The door
is
open.
Shut the window.
The
26
-t
P^
Bfl
06*.
11
yife
^tti
f=t
7G
5&o
"fifi
4fl
iDi
With
-fh
-fr-
<K
ft
ERH
Jl
iti
nit
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
^
itfe
S'r !
He
8.
to
tt
&et
is
UP'
lying
down
Shut the
f^f
(H/
Ah
-rh
1ui
/$
a*
^1
/i
him
is travelling.
Walking here. Walking or, to come

on foot going on foot. He walked
i,
here 1 came in a cart. He came on foot. 1
was walking in front he was behind.
Go
âst; or> ma ^ e haste and
go (imperative). I
am i no shortly or soon. Go gently.
9'
or to go
^f
in the road; tell
door.
verbs of motion tao-'rh shang means, on the way, on the road, while one
6d
"ftfc
^f
TZtT
oV
'U\
j?
j$?
*,
xE
fl2<
tt J?
jf?
?E
~&i
9t
xK
fKf
T^qS'^sfiT-^
o
06s.
of tsou
Obs.
ti
i.
Ti at the end of the
2.
In the second clause,
is
probably used corruptly for
te,
as auxiliary completing the act
be not used for
if ti
fe,
a word signifying manner must be understood after
[manner of coming] shih, was, sit-in-cart-coming's manner.

06. 3. There is a difference between uni tsou used imperatively and otherwise.
Note
06s. 4.
jtj
clause
my
q.d.,
first
lai.
liao indicating future action.
^J"*
T^
f^
_t
J^
1î
4t>
&
T-
i-
BR* ~&
SK
10
1J
^s
to)
JpU "XT
;Hk
6I
zfe
'ffi.
Ah
MI
-^
-fc.
7u
Iffl
i^.
ii
not back.
man come back
Where
To the ya?-<men 2
or not?
He
(is he gone
Did he go in
did he go
(office).
a chair or in a carriage ? In a small chair

^ e does not much like being in a carriage.
That chair of his is good or, his is the better
ipj
A.
i
^ s t îat
IO>
chair.
'
fl
S^
J2L
* A 4
ft
O/K.
Fi, one, colloquially omitted before ting, the numerative noun.
I?
S?
SB
f?
AA
7u
MS
w ^
W
I,
ffB
fee
~f"
llK/
"7"
SR
SK
bk
if?
^j^
TO
JZ.
~T
'
'
Jt~zl
JS.
"7"
yi
SR
1%
îe
7C.
>W
~T
IZ.
BE
Aft
tft
HS
^*o
Bi
838
in Jir>
S @
"ffii
,_._"
AA
;
Ifil
uiiHr>
^.^
mu ^ es
get there.
ia
me
Which are the better, the mules from

*^ s I^ ace or from that ? The mules here are
II-
no t so good as those there q.d., this place's

mules are not (or, have not) that place's good.
>
1
Klf"*
:&H
"'F'
ia
"
6&
BBS
^fi
TA: O
'
that place are
12. Is it
12
he
fast.
horses that he
is
buying?
what he has bought
is
buying (or,
mules and donkeys.
Hv
bought
_a
-EL
r l~>
78.)'
(See
\
I_T .
here are slower than what you

Both the mules and donkeys from
How many
has
No,
are)
he
Three mules and seven donkeys.
PART
III.
Did you come on foot or on horseI rode here.

That horse of mine
13.
'
A $
fi m
JH
w.
Turn
He
1.
is
the
sitting upstairs
He
here quickly.
tt
gallops very
him
tell
won't come fast
K3
In front, t'ou"
him
Tell
He
horses.
See 85, Obs.
buy two
to
will
ground he can't get up.

4. That horse is faster than
is
not come back soon.
Horses are
What
and four
him
Tell
says there are no horses here.
Has he bought any donkeys

did
not
tell him to buy
you
donkeys.
No
3.
Four.
Has he gone
chair or in a cart
to the
He
he says he does not
ya-men
to pray
|H
cli'ing
90.
3$
chiao 1 to teach
Why
to request.
as
t'a
is
No.
walking slowly.
quickly.
ckiao 1 ivo 3 shuo 1
down
Why
I like
lit, to
Have
all
/ma4 he
is
my
carts.
For no reason
;
you
like
standing up.
do what
as in ch'ing3
have sold
not doing anything)
06s.
Hence, please
No
you standing up
am
sitting
carts
are
(lit.,
He
He
arrived
horses, three mules, five donkeys.
you any
in a sedan-
like carts or sedans.
come
to
has gone on foot
89.
Two.
Four
Has he
one.
this
mules are
How many sedan-chairs have you ?

How many mules, horses, and donkeys ?
5.
says mules are better than horses. Has

he bought mules ? Yes. How many has he
than mules
faster
than donkeys.
is he
doing ?
faster
He
bought
lying on the
is
in a
2.
carts
He
come
he
to
2.
fast.
(KEY, EXERCISE IV.)
I went in front
coming very slowly.
cart he followed in a sedan-chair.
06s.
BE
fc
SI
back
27
tso*,
please be seated.
me
to
speak the
think him good.
K'an1 to
teaching
language.
91.
watch
k'an*, to
;fjf
behold
to regard.
As
vuo 3 k'an
t'a
hao3
(see 526).
jlî
k'an* chien 4 I have not seen
him
02.
=f| s/m
93-
-fefe
94.
^!
c''"'-
a book
1
,
3
'
na
Na
tz(t*
a rule
tien
(or
words
;
As k'an4 shu1
to search for.
chao
tzu*,
As chao 3
to read or study.
p'i?
haos
mas
to look out for a
good horse.
Chinese characters.
a canon.
3
it).
writings.
to see k
tZ'&, written
95. JSl tien 3 ,
Obs.
Often combined with k'an*; as ôo 3 mei
chien 4 (Radical 147), to see; to perceive.
With
with
before the instrumental case.
(lit.,
tzitf
(94),
a dictionary
q.d.,
a word-canon.
Thus,
taking hold of) a dictionary to look out words.
28
ERH
Tztr
^> ksiao", also read /mo

When combined with ^J
96.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
hsiieh
shdng
example.
1
a pupil.
slii-ng
Also, to imitate
hsuo*, to learn.
an
to follow, as
(Radical 100), to be born, hsio -sheng
or hsueh 2 -
f$
97.
cannot read
98.
jen
Examples
sheng
as t'a 1
pu
jen
te
tzu 4 he
,
&
JJI
gg. ji'ii
^^ to
shih 4
chao 3
fg no?
hsio 2
chao 3
tz-iV
if c&e
-^
hsio"-
te
be able to read
tzii (94), to
not able to recognise characters).
is
(lit.,
ffi
With
to recognise.
St.
tzit
tien
|g Jen
t'a
flfc
^ pu
s
ft iuo
tzW
wos
ft
4
^f k'an
|f shu
ft ch'ing*
t'a
fjfc
yao
||
c/t'i??//
4
3
1
%, chiao
tzu*
He
wants to engage (lit., request) someone to read with him (lit., to teach to read books).
There is a character (or, there are characters) which I do not know; please look [it]
out in the dictionary

Kei wo,
Obs.
me, chao
This character
That pupil
is
cliao (short for
senior, signor,
1
,
to learn.
lit.,
elder-born.
engage
(lit.,
request, or, to invite, send for) a teacher.
shu1 to copy writings or books.
Often coupled with
3
.
101.
hsieh 3 to write
102.
fil
chen 1 true, truly
as hsieh 3 tzii 4 , to write
TF cheng
103.
seek a seek).
lit.,
Thus,
to
ch'ao 1 , to copy; as c&'ao 1
the following hsieh
knows a number of characters.
sir).
ch'ing hsieri-sheng
1$
before (in time); as hsien l -sheny l (Radical 100), a teacher;
100.
chao yi chao
the character hsio
(or student)
99. -fa hsien
(Compare our
me.
for
for
as che 4 shih 4 chen 1
upright, correct
as k'ou 3
/ma4
yin
write the character).
(lit.,
this is true
clieng
(lit.,
true statement).
mouth sounds
correct
= accurate
pronunciation.
104.
h'en 3
"fif"
to wish, to choose to
as t'a 1
pu
k'en 3 lai'1
he won't (does not choose
to) come.
/mom2
105. j|| properly
ko
4
,
have
still
106.
flf
got one
Examples
k'en
"%
pu
k'en 3
Ask the
06s.
to return.
Colloquially,
han2 hai 2
,
yet, still
as
wo3
hai 2 yv? ytf
have got no more than one.
2
si hai
^
&
pi
fo
t'a
ni3
jfc
k'ou
yin
pu
yv?
teacher to
fft
come
shuo1
fo
$)
ti
&
shili
1
JL chen
1'
/p
pu
k'en 3
&
ch'ao 1
ft hi<
Ira
sheng
2
jf hai
mei2
in.
If the eh' ing were placed after hsien-sheng, this
would mean, Please walk
in, sir.
ch'incf
1
ft hsien
1
sheng
4
j| chin
PART
The teacher
is
not come
III.
29
yet.
He
won't (does not want to) copy.

What is said is the truth.
Your pronunciation
There
Whether
both are good.
107.
PU
Like k'an*
incorrect you have a bad pronunciation.

there
are others) better than he.
(or,
[I, you, he] choose or not, it makes no difference (q.d., assent or not assent),
See ton1 (84).
is
another
is
ch'iao 2 to look at
,
see.
1 1
gjf:
as in
110.
you
announce
is
most often coupled with su*
With shih
(109).
ni kao*-su* wo*, you

to ask
to
tell
complain
me.
to inquire.
As
Kao*-su*, also pronounced kao*-sung*,
that.
wo3 wen*
in
t'a
ni3 shih* shui 2
asked him, who
0E
4
>
to record in writing; but, colloquially, to
remember.
As wo* pu2
chi* te
do not remember.
112. V)&
113.
nil
>
a particle, generally, but not always, interrogative.
Examples:
J|)'
nas
&o 4
^
Jig
3
if hao
she
mo1
$j hua*
ff ch'ing
fJJ
Please
I
tell
wen*
ft ta*
^f
hen 3
Jg che*
shih*
te
|f
flU ch'iao
2
if
2
jft-
pu
ch'iao 2
/<C60
haos
3
f^ ni
2
jj hai
^
^
^
mei 2
fjij
ch'ing*
{ft
ni s
k'an*
kao*
kuo*
fy
t'a
s
fo ni
ffi
him.
it].
Hai: merely intensive; strictly, not

look [at it and] see whether it
yet seen, etc.

is
good or
not.
do not very well remember.
Obs.
Note the double
What
beg
Obs.
te
pu
/p
You
Do you remember ?
[I]
chi*
|g chi*
have not seen [him or
oil.-.
it].
small enough to escape attention.
colloquially,
su* or sung*, to tell to
5y wen*,
111.
I
have seen [him,
kao*-shih*, a proclamation.
3),
109.
are
ch'iao 2 kuo*, not to

;
kao*, to
108.
tell to
mei2
2
2
very commonly joined with chien* (Radical 147) as in ch'iao pu chien*,
The forms k"an*-chien* and ch'iao 2 -chien* differ little in sense, but the latter
seems to be used rather when the object
to
in
(91), it is
unable to
(Radical
As
to see.
is
this that
to ask [you]
intensive ta 3 hen 3
are saying
you
which
3
Ch'ing preceding wen*
is
(what
is
the meaning of such language
the better (or best)
a respectful form of question
sometimes also
sarcastic.
?)
wo3
2
,
TZU ERH CHI.
30
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE
~3r
^f
iff
3&
~rfc
^fc
Ah
/t
lH
I-
-f^
for
iH
MAt
7L
$5
-^V
Oc
ft:
fi&c
*c
^Ho
t*
-n.
-M-
^fe
i.
!z!
Be
I/P
^c
so good
*r?
-fc&
jat
JR
iS*
^j-
,ftn
^-
-5
>a
ilm
/ft
\t\\
dim.
n"
m
-tfe
[I]
large a number of students.

be seated, rie so good as to
^
/i-
character
lie
not
is
won't come to so
coming; he says that
Teacher, please
toll
me what
this
is.
a polite form of asking for information of an equal or superior on any subject.
SR
?5P
/NO
^*
~r
Ira
A
v
*'
XB
BH
lyBo
^M
J=
$t
-(^1
3aj
ti^r.
&
-it
someone
What
character do you want looked out
3-
Do you know
No, indeed
tl
ch'iac? (to see).
this character, sir
fiii.,
Have you met with

Jou never met with
to bring that dictionary
Teacher, please look out that character.
iS
YM
I
Tell
have not met with
^
!
here.
The character
^fi
^?>
fjil
iS
06s. 2.
The
06s.
The two questions
3.
object che
06s. 4.
Either
06s.
Indeed
Ta>
tzfl,
seen) this character.
this character
Have
that character either
never.
hai or han,
precedes the verb only for emphasis sake.
are different.
In the
first
the speaker
is in
AJ.
-^
chcti, truly,
^~
have
[I]
-t^
,,
You
illicit
doubt
in the second he
assumes a
fact.
also, still.
not seen
[it
or them].
4. Tell
06s.
have found one, [but] he
Sir gives the force of the ch'ing imn, I beg to inquire.
i.
5.
me?
Jk-
^
V
ttitl
is
&
-4r-
wit
1-
engage a teacher to teach me

have you found a teacher
to
B(9
sij
j-jsi
ch'ing chiao
77H
^L
*fe
M-{
;oj' o
-Mi.
iff}
t-fi
want
he says students being that many, he does not choose (refuses) to come.
Lit.,
06s. 2.
AJ*
fffi
.-o
SKI
06s.
/iî
*H
to reac^ (^-' books)
"^
V.
xiy equally well mei
is
as good
jood as yours
icul
particularly
S/K'
me
than
mo
hen hao.
I.
good
that man's pronunciation
My
pronunciation
is
not
he knows more characters
PART
III.
fig
SB
ft
Have you
5-
this character?
-^
racter
^. IE
31
have.
*ft*
member but few compared

JH
ttP
fir
lye,
seen)
cha-
Are there any other characters that you do

Of course there are; I renot remember?
-Jr
-^
T,
(lit.,
me what
Tell
do not remember the character.
it is.
met with
[ever]
with the
number
I forget.
rVt
Era
T,
Of
Obs.
of affirmation
is
course there are
Turn
I
1.
teach
me
lit.,
how, na
'rh [can it
be that there should] not be, eh
Do you want
to talk.
Teacher, please
correct
pronunciation
Not
very fast, he did not see me. Please look out

I have
the character cki in the dictionary.
found it. Do you recognise that character ?
to learn to
me
tell
is
my
correct
very
you do not know many characters.

Besides:
06s.
their teacher
Where is that dictionary ? It is in the

teacher's room
he is looking out characters
Ask him to copy them for me. The
there.
Have you
2.
He
tells
me
them
that your pronunciation is very far from good

and that your diction is also incorrect.
3.
5.
fast, I
Also (Radical 29).
Have you seen my
saw him
gallop
riding on horseback; the horse was galloping

114.
115.
cli.il>-',
(sc.,
i-liiU'',
jjjt
to
Ê
117.
^ kuan
Also, to superintend
Sit tight (on
fast.
06s.
Sit tight
as no?
pi
hsieli?
tzu 4
the numerative of pencils.

to look after.
See Exercise XV, 6, Obs.
,
like riding
will
copy
If a horse gallops
Not very good
properly to open, to spread out; hence

Also, the numerative of tables, chairs, etc.
is.
him ? Yes, he is here

Have you copied those
Is this horse
do not like to ride him.
pv\ a Chinese pencil

write with a pen).
116.
Do you
paper, a sheet.
is
lit.,
he does not
your horse).
ride firm (48).
taper.
chany
They
soon.
a good one
teacher
Who
do not know who he
ever seen
teaching the pupils.

characters yet ? Not yet, but
teacher does not wish to come.
it.
What
are these pupils learning

are learning to write and to read.
not many.
06s.
have never seen

4.
you recognised characters yet
lit.,
(KEY, EXERCISE V.)
have asked a teacher to come and
write as well
besides
This interrogative form
very common.
a tube
when used
;
also,
as the numerativc of
common
surname.
take a pen and write characters
As liany3 kuan3 pi 3 two

,
2.
pencils.
TZU ERH CHI.
32
118.
4
4
H| me mo
,
4
119. ijg /'iic/
As san
mo4
k'uai*
120. 2J5
ink
original
the numerative of books
2>i'ri\
as
the trunk of a
is
pi
Ufc
ch'ao 1
3
J?
1
%$ tou
!%
s/mo
i*
The purchase
two pieces of scented
ml
to
2j>
Hang
(that
jJH
3
j
4
1
$? shao
which
is
bought)
cluing
pai
mai3
65
-f-
shift?
Jg chih
fc'uai
J|
pi
3
2
Jisiang
-f-
sAi/i
mo4
iuaw3
thirty sheets of white paper, ten pencils,
is
and
ink.
Scented: hsiang* (Radical 186).
How many
volumes does
this
[When speaking of] copying

na pi (take the pencil).
06s.
i.
06s.
2.
Lit., [as to]
consist of?
[with a pencil],
as correct to say
it is
Use, yung'' (Radical 101), here, like na', forms with
igjj
book
copying characters, use pencil, take pencil,
nien1 to think of
,
nien* shu
j
to
commit
to
its
memory
tou, all
= both, may
be
to repeat aloud
(use the pencil)
said.
object our instrumental case
to recite, as Chinese beginners
yung pi
sc.,
to study.
with a pencil.
Thus,
do their books.
TC
worn2 to end
,
2
act, as k'an* ivan , to
hence sometimes used as an auxiliary to imply completion of an
have read
read ended).
[it] all (lit,
124. "pf k'o 3 , to be right; to be able.
a disjunctive, in abatement of affirmation

k'o
pu
Jl
i 3 , properly,
3
the preceding word k'o it

times not or it may simply
,
an adverbial sense
can
it
may
be
shift,
k'o shih, it
125.
a three-
this, self.
Jjl
123.
or,
root above ground; hence, primary,
s'
la
2/w<?(#
ô<e"
122.
in small cakes.
san1 pen3 shu1 three volumes,
tree, its
Jg ch&
$
^ pi
as
is
Examples:
j
06s.
for composition).
(fig.
Properly, pen
hence, under certain circumstances, the pronoun
121.
SEBIES.
a bit; a piece; the nunierative of Chinese ink, which

three cakes of ink.
volume book.
;
3
pi mo*, pen and ink
as
-COLLOQUIAL
not be
;
is
also used idiomatically as
and otherwise.
?
an adverb or
Thus,
(It certainly is
indeed
it is.)
but.
With
use; hence employed as an instrumental preposition.
answers a question affirmatively, sometimes with reserve, someto
mean
3
K'o3
as in shih* i
can,
is
able
to, or,
may
(34), therefore, accordingly.
possibly.
With
certain verbs
it
has
PART
126.
Examples
III.
65 ti
wo*
k'o
yung*
pit*
Aao3
shih 4
3
pf i'o
c/ieV
pu
is
Without
06s.
k'o the affirmation
k'an*
~^f a
fy
t'a
t'i
&
nien4
sJm
lit.,
)lji
peV
kuo4
san 1
f@
/co
he has recited three months' books.
lit.,
7|S
have not completed reading
it.
modifies the abatement of k'o
it
i.
would be stronger.
not for
it is
[Whether man]
65
yueh*
fair.
available or not,
Construe thus
mei2
fa
pf
pretty
Note the power of hai, still, notwithstanding
That is the truth, no doubt.
Whether
'
06s.
06s.
shu 1
55 IM
has been studying three months

have] not read through that book
His composition
pi
mo*
pj"
He
[I
33
me
to say.
yung, can rightly, possibly, use
k'o
[it
or] not, I cannot well (or
properly) say.
127.
in
kuan /ma
1
4
,
to, to
an
to
comply
kuan 1 min2 the government

,
come together;
As hui* shuo to be able to

it means a
conjuncture
,
substantive,
ft fen1
Ping
133.
to divide
to hear
tone.
be competent
to,
to
know
a fraction
as shih 2
a period of time.
As yi* hui3 -tzu or
not to be confounded with kui- (57).
also,
It is
As
specially, a tenth.
1
3
fen hao very good.
as t'ing 1
/ma4
to hear
what
is
shih 2 fen 1 ten-tenths, a whole

,
Fn*, a
/J
ming'
plain to the sight
set (see 153).
said = to obey.
As ming 2
also, clear-seeing.
Also, to submit to,
pat,
(lit.,
clear white),
intelligible.
Examples
pu
imng*
ch'u
o
lai
2
1
tou
pu*
[The building] that an
QJ S-
also, to
speak.
Note the change of

,
and people.
(or officials)
with.
132.
intelligent
as
hence, adverbially, much, very

131.
attributive, that
as a verb, to meet, to
huis -'rh, a while.

130.
As an
official.
the people
understand.
As a
yi*
min 2
^ /mi
129.
which belongs to government; as

the government spoken language, commonly styled the mandarin dialect.
128. Jj
how
kuan
This would
who have no yamen.
kuan 1
/mi
ti
kuan
/ma4
wo 3
t'ing
official lives in is
/cwaTi
,
^wa
t'a
A ./eV
+
^
chu4
ft cAu
RJ
shih*
Jf*
? âo 3
j?
9)
s/iiA
71
JT
shih 4
tin 2
a ya-mdn.
be said in answer to the question,
What
is
a yamen
There are numbers of men in
office
TZ& ERH CHI.
34
What
the people live in are miri* fang- (houses of the people).
In both these examples either fang or some similar word
06s.
That
is
understood after chu
ti.
a very good man.
is
He cannot speak mandarin.

When he speaks mandarin (or,
the mandarin that he speaks) I do not understand.
more than auxiliary of time
06s
i.
Ch'u
lai is here
Obs.
2.
Here
also the speaker
He
cannot speak intelligibly at
may
it affects
the meaning of t'ing'.
be unintelligible on account of either the sound or the sense.

all.
This might be because of lack of intelligence or of error in form.
06s.
134.
yek
-jfj,
do
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
As
also; even.
die*
Jco
3
3
yeh hao this one also
is
good;
or, this
one
will
as well.
135. 'Jjf
tung
136. 3J? sheng 1
137.
138.
^S wang4
sound
p'ing
even
4
3
pu tung do you understand
,
As ssu4 sheng1
specially, the tones.
level
at peace
or not
the four tones.
also (as will be seen later), ordinary,
As wang4 pu4
to forget.
as turig3
common.
liao 3 never can forget.

,
As t'ing1 ts'o4 liao, to mistake what is said lit, to hear

wrong.
4
wrong. When following active verbs in general, ts'o affects them like our syllable mis prefixed
but generally, if not always, where the error is unintentional.
139.
<j|j ts'o
understand
to
to err
140.
Examples
JJ|
^
^
'^
chJn 1
4
Jg chd
shih 4
tzu 4
pu?
te
That pencil
ch'il
wo3
chi*
sketig
na
g|5
2J5
/p pu?
liao 3
fe'o
good one
2
jjflj
hsia*
p'ing*
Ji shang
j;
fu3
$15 7ia4
/ma4
<g=
kuan3
pi
sheng
fo yeh
shih
sheng
do as
(or, will
na4
ss
wang*
also a
Zp p'ing
1
tj
is
J: shang
f
4
tung
'^t6
fo yeh
3
3
jftjtao
well).
[He] also understands the local dialect.

06s.
T'u (Radical 32)
The four tones
see
Radical Exercises,
10, 18.
are the shang-p'ing (upper even), the hsia-p'ing (lower even), the shang
(ascending), the ch'u (departing).

06s.
Shcing*
when
That
is
06s.
Pit changes
applied to the third tone
quite right
This character
its
lit.,
that
tone before
is
ts'o,
shang
3
.
not wrong.
shih,
have forgotten
is
and other words.
I really
do not remember
it.
PART
III.
EXERCISE
T!
& ^
=f.
-yf
-?
i
'
$?
Tifj
m H
-ff
J$i
2K
?if
hio
2f
-I*
'M
;*&
ft
>
S.
ft
2/v
r
rTI
3.
2i^
VI.
s P ea
king [of] mandarin is passnot
so
able, but
good as yours. His mandarin
certain ] oca j accen t
j h ear ( or one
xE
pt
JLf~
fift
id
IX.
ft
Pt
you have got some books have

vou read tnem a^ through "yet? I have got
&**--&
JH B -W
3f-
them, but
fft
two volumes.
3ft
IR
Pt
154
OJ
IB
fit
^V1
^f-
mi
hears) that
nv
have not read more than one or
i.
In both sentences Aai or han diminishes the force of the affirmation.
Obs.
2.
K'o
Obs.
3.
Passable, k'o i;
shih, but.
06s. 4.
Local accent
Obs.
yr=<
5.
have got
-TT^
/At
I'/l
i*
te
lit.,
one can use, is tolerably available.

sound of the locality or country.
t'u yin,
shih
te
liao, as to possessing, shih, it is
^T
-^
-"
CT.
^?P
Hl"l
!yb k
^f.
*jli
fi
>H
it*
EL
^
Tr--u'7r7t:
&
>Tk
TH(yr
T3
f^
"^
AJI
gn
-fe
^lB^
;S
BC
~f"
^flf
i^
f\
ti
/V
J|
^
OH
PJH
'
J^
2.1 hear
distinguish
pB
3-
or
that book yet
Do you
eight tenths.
stand
q.d. [obstacles
'
hai, still;
>
t/+
^P
han or
have you finished that book?) I have

*
i.
1 *
^r.
*
read
about
four-tilths 01 it
seven or
lit.,
(
S-
you are learning
Have you done reading
fj
/:!
in possession.
all.
force of
*>
3$
Note the
-f
T^KÂ^Jfe^
W T &K S:
^ '^ A^
=^
them
flf
"o
am
said that
it
are Portions of
h^fffl^xA.
0y
(See 140, Obs.)
a fact that [I]
mandarin, and getting on very well; can

I can
you distinguish the four tones?
Obs.
I can distinguish: lit., all still can
[I] distinguish.
or difficulties
notwithstanding], still can I, etc.
-y
06.
-?
"""
4$ttlft j!lii$f$ffe2
Hfl! o
^* s
I-
wt
III
*wa
Jar
>
^
W
lUi
JLU
"*
.f-rf*
Ot
7^>fo
Jl
35
it
understand
it
There
that I do not well under-
there are also
some characters
[in it]
that I do not know.
(studymg)?
nave y u been
have been studying ten months.
Do y u rem ember
all
the characters in the
book
I
(or books) you have been studying ?

cannot remember so many as that. I have
forgotten a good number altogether, and there

are some that I do not remember
accurately
(Mi.,
remember wrong).
SEH
Tztr
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
&
ft
Does he understand
mandarin ?
I
have heard people say that he does not. Does
he know the written character ?
That he
does
he has learned four or five thousand
5.
ft
How
characters.
ft. fr
ft
will
do you know
month.
together last
he be able to
If I tell
There
is
We
him
read
to
copy
no reason why
he should not.
ft
_t
06s.
Read together:
i.
tsai yi k'uai-'rh;
Obs. 2.
Last month
06s. 3.
Will he be able to
lit.,
lit.,
the upper month.

:
hsing
pu
in one piece (or, forming one piece).
"
Next month "
is
hsia yiieh, the lower month.
hsing, can he do or not?
(Hsing, Radical 144.)
fi
ff*
do you understand him when
Tell me,
6.
he speaks
mus t on no account
forget the
JOU
On
06s.
no account
ch'ien
wan
(thousand myriad), with a negative,
T?MJI!4*ftlfcf$8
06s.
i.
Our:
06s.
2.
K'o
lit.,
our this
qualifies
Turn
tei,
(must you not).
Can you use our dictionary ? Yes, I

it, but when I look out words I have
ii
place's.
must.
1.
Bring me that pencil. This pencil is
not a good one have you (lit., is there) not
another good one ? Not a good one I have
;
two or three bad
k'o
quite
to go slowly.
T w w T
te
8.
can use
pu
"
3. I hear that you are learning mandarin;

do you understand it? Not very well; I have
not been studying it long.
ones.
4.
Take a sheet of paper, a cake of ink,

and a pencil, and write some characters.
What characters do you want me to write ?
2.
All the characters you do not

book.
(KEY, EXERCISE VI.)
know
in this
in
on
it
Can you
distinguish the four tones ?

all.
What tone is ken
can distinguish them
The
third.
this sheet
Right.
of paper.
wrong.
06s.
Can
hui
(129).
Write that character
You have
written
PART
Have you
5.
Yes, and
finished
understand
any characters in
Of course
are few
it
perfectly.
compared with those
Do you
6.
want
No,
speak
Can you buy me a
7.
a pencil
do not know.
me when
understand
so correct that I un-
is
derstand you very well.
know
the characters I
37
Your pronunciation
book yet ?
Are there
you do not recognise
it
there are
that
III.
pencils
sheets
five
and
sheet of paper
Do you want
can.
of paper
do you understand
ink too
and two
Perfectly.
141. ypL k'ang 4 the stove-bed, built of bricks.

,
142.
yi*
p'u k'ang
which
The numerative
properly, to spread out, as a cloth.
as
Not
143.
jH
to
be confounded with the same character in a corrupt form
kai 4 to cover
,
With p'u1 (142), as

As a verb, in its
a cover.
(46), p'u*,
a shop.
in p'u^kai*,
spread and that which covers.

2
fang -tzu, to build a house.
is
of Ic'ancf, stove-bed
Obs.
to build
p'u
$!j$
bedding
sense of to cover,
it
q.d.,
is
that
used as
as kai 4
144.
hsi 2
Jfjf
a mat, such as
spread on a bed, on the
is
floor, etc.; as
2
1
p'u hsi -tzu, to
spread a mat (or mats).

145. ffi ch'uang
as yi
2
,
a bedstead
chang ch'uang' or yi
146.
chang
IflJl
4
,
one's bed.
ko ch'uang
a curtain
numerative
Its
is
1
chang (115) or
be
may
ko*;
2
.
as chang 4 -tzu.
Also an account, or accounts, as will be seen
presently.
147.
Examples:
hxia*
If p'u
1 'rh
4
If kai
2
If hsi
lfi|
^shang4
chang*
J-otzu
Jôuhang* ^J P a3
fy
J-vtzu
ti*
ffi
ch'uang
fjf
_t shang*
&
kai*
mei
pa
p'u
f| p'u
1
Jj$
jj cho
na4
1
fjjj
p'u
>jfa
k'ang*
kai*
|| p'u
|f hsi
-J taK
Jt shang
There are mats spread on that stove-bed.
Spread the bedding q.d., on the k'ang.

There are no curtains to the bed.
;
Put on the cover; lit., taking the cover, cover

Spread mats (or, the mat) on the ground.
148.
The character
three tables.
149.
150.
more
2
1
JJl cho , cho , a table.
^,
$y
a chair
1
'J
teng
cho-
its
a lamp
is
Its
completing the action of the verb.
to; slicing
numerative
is
chang (115)
as
san1 chang1 cl^-tzn,
the ancient form.
numerative
is
also
chang
Not
a candlestick.
1
.
a lantern unless joined with lung 2 of which

,
in its place.
151.
igg.
chan3 the numerative of teng1 a lamp
152. 4j| la 4
Oroton sebiferum,
is
wax
or tallow, animal or vegetable.

2
spoken of as pai la
4
,
white
wax
as liu4
The
huang
chan3 teng 1
latter,
la
4
,
six lamps.
made from
beeswax.
the berry of the
38
TZtJ
153.
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
Examples:
iso4
*i
6-1
*& tou1
'*
Jg no
$J1
s/t*7t
chang
s/ti/t
i3
j[fl$
^
^
la*
g
set consists of
06s.
Yi'fen*, one division.
The two teng on the

is it
that
is
154. vll chiu

155.
3K
156.
ffi
word chung1
chang
3
i3
Hang
chan3
feWgf
j||
yi
jjjl
chang
S. cho
tzfi,
cAo 1
no?
shih*
1
-J
s&
|f
3
-i
(See 130.)
table are la teng (candlesticks).
sitting
on that chair
Chinese wine
na*
one table and four chairs.
That
Who
SS&4
_t shang*
4
distilled spirit.
1
3
pei a cup in which wine is drunk as chiu pei a wine-cup.
1
chung a cup, which may hold either tea or wine. Its numerative
1
is ko*.
The
said to be less used in the South than in the North.
is
157.
ch'a 2 tea.
158.
160.
a bowl or cup, which may hold tea or rice ch'az wan3 a tea-cup.
one's meals.
fan*, properly cooked rice
generally, any cooked victuals
1
l
or P^ ch'ih to eat; ch'ih fan*, to eat a meal.
161.
/to
162.
Examples:
wans
159.
to drink.
/to
ch'ih
hao
Hang
^ chung
1
ma
/to
ch'ih 1
c/t'
san1
wan3
&V/t
He
has gone to get his meal

To have eaten three bowls of
lit.,
To have drunk three cups
t'a
ch'ih
f@ ko*
3
$ chiu
ch'ih
ch'u*
*J"
to eat rice.
rice.
of tea.
Bring a tea-cup here.
Two
wine-cups.
To have drunk
[Is
three cups of wine.
to eat (good for food)
it] fit
(or, is it
nice
?)
nung*, properly lung, to play tricks with.

Colloquially used of numerous
4
It is often used also to represent
processes, moral or material as with the following word te'ai
the sound lung 2 in the Pekingese expression lung'1 huo 3 to light the fire there is another lung
163.
'
(198) which appears equally admissible.

164. pj
ts'ai
originally vegetable,
but used generally of eatables; as nung*
ts'ai*,
to
prepare food.
165. Jj^ c/t'w2 , to cook; but, colloquially, oftenest found forming part of substantives.
As
c/t'u -/("/(f/'
166.
^lj(
167.
j$
the cook-house, ch'u 2 -tzu, a cook.
chien 1 to fry; as chien 1 yu? (Radical 195), to fry fish.

1
3
ch'ao 3 to fry or broil a drier process than chien
So, ch'ao jou*, to broil meat.
,
PART
168.
III.
39
40
Tztr
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
EXERCISE
VII.
i.
pan.
A
A
#A
7.
He
2.
W
*
lying)
make
man
tea-cup.
rice.
tea-cup.
(See below,
wine-cup.
will (or,
stove-bed.
am
frying-
Ex-
6.)
tfc
fork.
a pan to cook
lid.
cooking-pan
knife.
cooking-pan
wine-cup.
ample
Kitchen.
wants
down on the
the bed
to) lie
am
I shall (or,
down on the
going
to) lie (or,
Be quick and
bed.
spread the bedding. That

will soon be laid out (is sick unto death).
lit.,
06s.
We may say ch'itang shang of lying down on the bed but in shang ch'uang the shang is a verb, and
has in this phrase only the special meaning assigned it in the translation.
may say shang Vang, to ascend the
stove-bed, of a person who is going to sleep upon one.
;
We
Are there curtains
3.
ft
4*
4ft
*
J
tfc
it
Lung 2 :
i.
06s. 2.
signifying to
Aft
The
throw out
/Et
rtJ
;fc
jib
ijm
TL.
06s.
^R
but
is
7.
cook
(or,
The kitchen
took
fire
over to give to
has been lighted,
it
not well alight yet.
sec 163.
last
word, read chao*,
is
not here an auxiliary as in Exercise V,
i,
but an independent verb
light.
May
He
for the
the cook).
06s.
(or was)
very dark in this room bring a

lamp here quick. Who took away the candlestick that was on the table?
It was I that
took
bed
am
It is
4.
To Ji Jt
&
to that
was) lying on the bed; I

sitting on a chair.
is (or
both
fjft
^
7u
:
-M.
^
s
&
-5^
nv
Eix.
Sfil
PA
yeh yu, also are there,
5-
SH
.
^
yu
l
4
rice-pan (fan -kuo ) is a pan for
boiling rice the Jeuc^-kai* is the cover of the
s
rice-pan.
Tea-cups, whether ch'a? wan or
& 5
;*-
c/i'a
kai-'rh
ti,
chung
1
,
[may] both have
possessing cover ones
kai-'rh, covers.
ones that have covers.
PART
.Hi
2J
III.
IB
Jfl
"T
6 There
!nL
fe
$5
^t
ifa
'(IS
no great difference between a
is
cAiu 3 pei 1 and a ckiu chung l -tzU (wine-cups of

chinaware or metal), and yet they may be
distinguished (they are distinguishable); the
-F?
i.
41
^ at
âct
*s
c/tiu
chung.
fc
ê
c ^*
And yet these two things [one can] not very much distinguish.
Obs. i.
can] yeh, also, fin te ch'u lai, succeed in distinguishing ; [for] pen, in reality, shih, it
with the chht chung is large.
06s.
The words fen
2.
te
ch'u lai
may
mood and
is
Pen :
Obs. 3.
^
3L
1
3L
~\
iE
yi%
p^
?P
7K
see
/3k
A B
4ffl
TK ^K
-fcfe.
TK xE iW
fllj
nr
_
-Ha
flS
""?"
'y
a^
lib
-t^f
~T
and
and
tables in that
room
are
one] speaks of two sets of
[what
is
meant]
is
two tables
eight
>
The
8.
^ne
s/iao
Sh a o -tz& is
properly a large spoon.

The
smaller than the s/tao 2
is
<l
ch'ih?-tzu
One
Lit., these all are in
teti
-fa
>
still
is
z
smaller than the shao^-tzii.

2
says yi pa shao -tz'& and yi

these are Pekingese idioms.
3
pa
ch'ih?-
Peking spoken language thus used.
Have you mats
9.
in your apartment (or

There are mats on all the stove-
apartments)
beds in our apartments.
I0
ife
f
Jh
ta
ê
^ y u a^ so use candles in your part

wor^ ^ We also use candles at night
in our part of the
06s.
i.
Lit., la ting, candlesticks
O''.-.-.
2.
At
night,
say, in the present tense of the
[When
tables,
-,,-,and
chairs.
j-
ffl
so] k'o, but, [one

a fact that, the chiu pei compared
we
chairs
s Pil e(l-
chairs
A
5R;
T.
The
7.
2jp
fa
06s.
er tnan tne
It forms part of various adverbial constructions in this sense.
JL
|^ |*
jjjpjj
//
above (120).
l ar
be rendered by the verb distinguished or the verbal adjective distinIn answer to the question, Can (or
tense of the verb being entirely dependent on the context.

do) you distinguish or not ? fen U ch'u lai, I can (or do) distinguish, would be, as
indicative mood.
the
*s
[Although this be
giiishable
u ^ e*
when darkness
ni niru na
'rh,
that place of yours.
(blackness) has fallen
hei (Radical 203).
worid.
42
TZtr
ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
What have you been buying such
it.
ft
quantity of
it
wax
for
kitchen use
for
For household
No
it
a
Is
use.
for reading at
is
night.
T
Obs.
verb shih;
Obs. i.
Obs.
Construe the
i.
q.d.,
3.
first
question as two sentences, or with the
first
clause treated as the subject of the
your purchase of that much wax is to make what use of? Na mo: see 23.
Tso shin mo is very common as Why ? For what reason ? Here with yung it is, For what purpose ?
Ton in the last two replies is used rather for emphasis sake. We do not translate it necessarily
in English.
In the
Obs. 4.
books
last
answer understand
la,
wax, after the
Turn
lit.,
is all in
it
the dark to read
1.
He
Where
has taken away the mat that was

Tell him to bring it to me.
is
the bedding belonging to this bed
has taken
2.
chair.
it
Where
Take
it
away
too,
and sold
the candlestick
is
the
3.
and
I will
than a chiu3 pel 1
go and look
for
-tzu (wine-cup)
You may
is
it.
you
larger than that of a tea-cup.
me
a knife and fork and spoon.

There are knives and forks on the table, [but]
5.
Give
no spoon. Tell the cook to give you a spoon.

6. That man has taken
away the pan
which the cook used for boiling rice the
;
he said he
what
did
I did say
was
You
it.
Whether
I said.
didn't
did or
[there's]
my
i.
[business]
Whether,
etc.
and
I
lit.,
I'll
did
do mine.
or
did not
no use saying.
06s.
for)
you do your
Obs.
or ch'a 2 chung 1 (tea-cup).

Kai* (covers)
are both large and small; the cover of a
is
didn't, why should you want to

find fault with me ? Who is finding fault with
whether
say either ch'a?
4. The curtains and mats in that room

are all spoiled.
Go at once and buy curtains
and bedding, and make the bed.
asked that
not correct.
is
it
me he had done
understand what
was.
Your statement
that you told
wan3
cooking-pan
it
not say I saw him do
Have
smaller
boil the rice.
taken away the pan
know who
did not
7.
On
away, and bring a lamp.
A chius chung
cook says he can't
man who had
it all.
you found the lamp ? The room is so dark

I cannot see where the lamp is.
Give me the
candlestick,
(KEY, EXERCISE VII.)
on the stove-bed.
He
at the close;
ti
use's [wax].
2.
Find
fault with
me
lit.,
find
(or,
look
faults.
want to divide this piece of paper

five men, but I must give that
those
amongst
one a larger piece than the other four. Go
8.
and ask him

of
to return (105) those
two books
mine that he took away.

Obs.
want
to divide, etc.: translate
want
to
divide this piece of paper [and] give it to those five men;

give[n] to him that one, however, must [be] compared
with those four men's share, large.
J.V^
$&
180.
liang
t'iao
181.
teng*,
teng*-tz&,,
iffi,
Its
a couple of
You may
a branch
stools.
numerative
is
the following substantive t'iav'; as

4
3
Hang ko teng*-tz&.
equally well say
a twig
the numerative of stools
narrow, also of other articles.
t'iao*,
that are long and
a stool; a bench.
and many dissimilar things
PART
182.
too 4
$]
III.
as too 4 ch'a 2
to pour, actively;
to
pour
(See below, Exercise VIII.)
tea.
on the reverse, or to reverse; as, too pu shift on the contrary,

turn end for end. Read too 3 to upset, or to be upset.
Also,
to
43
it is
not so
too 4 /</' tai 2 ,
tea-pot.
a pot or kettle in which tea

4
Its numerative is either pa 3 or /co
183.
gg
/at
be made, wine heated,
may
etc.
as ch'a 2 hu-, a
184.
hua
185.
jf?L
p'ing
186.
p'o
flowers
spend, to squander, or to dissipate, as will be seen later on.
a bottle or vase
to crack
also, to
as
187. >$C shou1 to receive

,
As p'o*
to break.
hua1 p'ing2 a
to recover
to
flower- vase.
huai*, to ruin (or, be ruined)
put away.
Both singly and
by breaking.
in combination
it
has other meanings.

188.
fp
combination shou
189.
ff
Jft
ft
to pick
skill?,
1
shift
Examples
/mi
up
put in order
to
!gj
too4
if
liao
li
ti
hu2
Jo
skill?
~f liao
Jt cM*
1
ffi chia
ifc
3
\k huo
3
j& kei
yu
^
A Jen
yv?
2
3
ft shui
g[ p'o*
The
skovt
mei
has various other uses.
1
fp tou
with the preceding shou 1 to mend.
shui
hu?
^
^
na2
a
lai
1
fa hua
san 1
f?
t'iao
ch'ang*
ffi
p'ing
too 8
~f a iiao
tG P
tE pa?
ffi.teng*
115
Three long benches.

That flower- vase has been upset.
Bring the water-kettle here.
Pour the water out of that

Oba.
The
liao,
pronounced
All these articles are
lo,
pot.
Note
merely expletive.
furniture
(or, all this
kei, for [me].
broken;
is)
is
there anyone that can repair
them?
190.
:$ p'an
191.
The numerative
dishes.
k> 4
as yi 2 ko*
than p'an 2
plates, saucers, smaller
tielt?,
is
p'an
-tzu.
The numerative
is
ko*; as ssU* ko*
tieh -tzu, four plates.
192.
!$
tien 3 a point, a particle

3
tien tdng
As a
particle, yi*
tie n3
-'rh,
1
193. Pft ch'ui to
,
194.
blow out.
195.
^
^
cannot be used.
mieh 4
shift
3
,
to punctuate
1
,
to light a
a minute point
blow
lamp
to light, as a candle.
(or lamps).
used adverbially, a
as ch'ui 1 teng 1 to
,
employ.
As shih 3
te
2
,
little,
slightly.
blow out a lamp or candle.
to extinguish, as a light, a fire
to
Thus,
with the foregoing, ch'ui 1 mieh*, to
available, capable of being used
shili?
pu*
ti
2
,
44
TZtJ
196.
EKH
Examples:
1
l| hsiek
J% fang*
4$ ton
:;
^|o te*
P'an
-tz-ti
leei
$&
XJz'ao
Jf cAe*
c/i'tt
Who
sAiVi
tiek
$$
$t teng
fco
na*
ffi
J-.tzft,
fc'wrw
4
ft ta
ko*
s
c/ti
^g p'an
tzu
t]\<,hsiao
p'an
-f
tzii
tielt-
-f tew
tieh-tzti (plates or saucers).
put that lamp out ?

gone out in the kitchen.
fire is
All these expressions
may
a stove.
Its
197.
j^
198.
^| lung
3
,
&.teng
3
f| chi
are larger than tiek^-tzii.
Some p'an-tzti (dishes) and some

Make haste and light the lamp.
The
~f Ziao
tien3
S{j
;$ miek*
j$ miek*
.-V/>7/
shut 2
gji
3
>K kuo
kua*
with Atto
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
3
y^ man
201.
(^1 t'ung
/co
lv?-tzii,
a stove.
t'a
hence, k'uncf, leisure.
full.
2
,
As
same; with.
2
t'ung
wo
ch'u*,
he
is
cAe"
Hang
going
203.
204.
Examples:
siii*,
sui*
ifiMJr/
in fragments
.man*
yf.
1
W^'si
2
Jg mei
k'ung*
'rh
in tatters.
&
s/iiA
(?[
t'ung
fg wo
4
^$ im
JJ5
Q shih*
^ ling-
g^f
$} a
3(
lai 2
pu
may
ffl
t'ung
are these two the
same
/m
JjJ
too 4
ti
ffi,man
suan*
t'a
as.
Thus,
regard as good.
(5),
2
jf lu
J- a tzu
ti
jg cAe
consider
2
Hence, ling sui*
4
^t s/m
4
g mw,
ko* t'ung 2
also, to
che* suan* hao 3 this one

,
he went) with me.
(or,
202. Jp^ suan*, to reckon, arithmetically
2,o
as yi 2
200.
ko*
is
See 163.
199. /?s Ic'ung 1 empty

Observe the change of tone.
or different
numerative
1
properly, a cage; hence, joined with teng a Chinese lantern; used verbally
as to light.
fire,
.
hi?,
be employed.
wo
fragmentary
ffl a ti
^
^
s/tcto
>Ko/mo
nhih*
^
^
k'ung
odds and ends.
Jt
fc'iw 4
/m2
-^ f:^
u*
/t?7t
j^ ^./</
k'uai
Zw?igr
Auo3
y*'".'/
A Iu -tzu
2
(stove or fireplace) is used for lighting a fire in.

haste and light a fire. Make haste and light the fire lit., the stove.
Show huo can only be used with reference to a furnace in which wood or millet stalks,
Make
06s.
etc.,
for fuel
empty, but this one

came with me.
That pot
He
is
is full
(this pot,
on the other hand
To count
That
I
is
up.
a thing
those are things) of small account.

q.d., to do what you ask me.
(or,
have no leisure
(182),
is full).
are used
PART
III.
EXERCISE
45
VIII.
i.
stool or
bench
as the numerative of
to be made,
it is (or,
you may
also use &o 4
If a distinction is
te'ng*.
the difference
that t'iao 2
is)
oftener said of [benches that are] long, and

ko* oftener of [stools that are] square.
Jfua4
is
$fo
&
&f
1H. il
ViacP-tzti
ft
tit
~C*
kettle.
~k^
C-
f
Jo
spoken language.
Wine -
vase.
Dishes.
Tea-pot.
bottle,
Plates.
The Chinese drink
06s.
Flower
2.
tft
language) are what
slips of oral
(lit.,
are used in learning a
their
wine warm.
Light the lamp. Blow out the lamp.

Light the fire. Put out the fire.
3.
To pour
4.
water
out
06s.
up
i.
2.
iai: g.d, bring tea in and pour

Overturned too
it
-%
'/Si
Q:
-^
a,
Tb
You pour
He
it
away).
away) water.
tea).
gone to pour
Pour tea here
This thing would not stand
has overturned, and
it
out this
is
is
spoiled.
out.
^ ^
^ if
SS SS
water.
pJR~r/fe|iaft^.|}gj^5
M*
"
(throw
= Serve
(
T
06.
= throw
1^
-/.-
1
K'ung means
S-
inside
you may
that there
also say k'ung
is
nothing
shouz empty,
2
3
[The words] /m mam mean that
2
something has been poured into the /m
handed.
f^ S
Ix.
W
*
-Q 5S f^ 4^ î
(P ot ) until
emptied.
jj as th at
was full. The tea-pot has been

The wine-kettle has been filled.
it
wine-kettle
anything in
it ?
It is
empty.
Obs.
i.
Construe:
Ois.
2.
Note the
BM
man, pot
filled it.
force of liao.
filled,
is=means
[that someone] taking the pot, too
man, has by pouring
46
TZtr
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
Who
6.
4*
ft. iro
is
Mend, mend,
has no special significance.

06s. 2.
Construe
by
That
can [one] use
still
Jar
i~
jjic
AA
H-
IMS
>as
rift
-Z.
it.
The
but
it
not
is
of
and
reduplication of verbs
badly injured that no
it.
attributives
is
It
very colloquial.
[by some agency] breaking has been spoiled, or ruined [one] cannot use it.
what we consider passive or impersonal constructions, construe the verb as governed
;
-Z.
48*
fc
SR 7
JZ.
Tt
./*
Knives, forks, spoons, dishes, plates,
7-
and wine-cups, are all table

huo3 for eating one's meals).
bowls,
1
(cftm
Are flower-vases
8.
3
huo3
article is so
made
article
As a rule, even in
06s. 3.
a cause or personal agent.
y/JU
That
it.
use can be
ft.
broken the (or

it,
can be mended, and (or, if

utterly spoiled
it be mended) then some use can be made
of
i.
broke
it
06s.
that has
it
that) flower- vase
They may be
some
ft
also considered chia 1
so considered.
Stoves (lv?-tzti) are of different
9.
ffl
utensils
larger,
some
sizes,
The stove
smaller.
for
cooking things in the kitchen is a lu?-tzu ; so

so
is the stove which is lit in the stove-bed
;
*.
ft
also
*. 'H
is
the stove which
A
O5.
1.
Obs. 2.
question was not to be expected.
blew
it
Were
it
Have you
he blew
The action of tte)i is completed by shang.

But he blew: kei (to give) before ch'ui
4
you tell a man to too ch'a?
you mean, pour tea into the tea-
tea),
(pour
cups.
in one's room.
When
10.
is lit
it
lit
the lamp
lit
it,
but
out.
rnieh implies, idiomatically, that the act of the person in

two acts would be simply distinguished: I lit it; he
omitted, the
out.
&
M
ft
^t
â
T, 7,
1 1.
OA'ui 1
that someone
is
(lit.,
blowing
to
it
blow lamp) means

out (or, has done
4
1
[The expressions] teng mieh
so).
mieh*
liao,
gone out of
1
One
iewgf
2.
mean
that the lamp (or
fire)
huo3
has
itself.
Is there water in those
empty, the other

one
with water.
empty
is
liao,
is
two kettles
full.
Fill
the
PART
Turn
1
many
chairs
so
count,
just
to
have
you
and
dinner,
asked
do you
With the benches we can
kitchen use, with some fire-irons
used for lighting the
know where
Seat them
6.
me
seat them,
mend
them.
fire)
just
his account
if
is
things
(lit,
add
all this
up
correct.
Just add up lit., he opened that account you

reckon one reckon, wrong not wrong.
:
do accounts
I can't
9.
lit.,
reckon
What do you mean by
(See 146.)
that
bills.
;
has
you
the numerals
know the numerals
in their abbre-
not the teacher
taught
(* B*fc)?
[they] can sit open,
10.
not
i.e.,
viated form, but these are all written in the
too close.
5.
see
06s.
for
to look for them.

lit.,
me and
for
[but] allow me to ask if benches would look

well in the dining-room ? Then there are the
plates and rice-bowls; I must find some, but
Obs.
to
of utensils) of him, also
n've-and-twenty people ?
3. If they won't seat twenty-five people,
in the kitchen will do very well.
benches
the
I don't
someone
have bought a dinner set (lit., table

some odds and ends for
8. I
twenty-five people
think that those few chairs of ours will seat
4.
don't care whether they are broken
7.
or not, just send for
for.
Now
2.
47
(KEY, EXERCISE VIII.)
the
know what you want
I really don't
III.
We
have thirty rice-bowls here.

They won't do besides, six are broken.
full (lit, large) form,
chin 1
-^
205.
nien
206.
207.
shili
ff$|
not acquainted
the present.
command;
command;
z
foregoing, as shih -ling*, the weather that prevails
209.
am
time.
ling*, to
7?
the year.
B$
1
208.
now
and
[with that] yet.
nuan 3
also
also,
When combined
honourable.
with the
the state of weather that the season demands.
nan 3 warm.
,
ho 2 huo 2 hai 4 peace together with also, soft or gentle. Combined with nuan 3
or nan 3 warm; as the temperature in-doors or out-of-doors.
Read huo 1 to mix, as powder,
flour, etc., with water.
^0
210.
211.
tso'
|f
of yesterday.
212.
213.
Examples
%$
pj"
t'ien
toil,
l,:'o
&i
Obs.
heaven
a day.
ji/i'
fftos/mo
The year
This year.
5^-,
~p ten
~ffi
So>*
to
th shao
Next
year.
ch'ien
to
>i?
shao 3
B
2
The year
Note the
?]
fft
5^
t'ien
Bfc
tso
~ffi
and hou,
to
Sf.
hih
fl$
'tin
Last year
f.
n"
%jo/mo
jjijf
yesterday.
to
shao
nien2
ch'ien
t'ien.
ming
2
nien~
nien2
the year that
sc.,
after, in these phrases.
shao jih-tzu or
chin 1
nien'
ch'u*
ft ling*
warm.
The day before
you may say
ti
ch'ien 2
after next.
special use of ch'ien, before,
how many days
tso 2
S.
before last the weather was
Yesterday. Yesterday.
The day before yesterday.
[In
t'ien1
hou4
is
gone.
48
ERH
T7AT
214.
''w
<'/'
$E
to follow as a consequence
215. /fi tlnif, to

216.
4
l( chou
217.
make
fix,
consequently
As yi
firm; hence, certain.
then, in time or argument.
ting*, entirely certain.
daytime.
yeh\ night.
218. Bjg ch'ing

219.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
fine
clear.
Hang*, light as day.
^*
220. Examples:
yeh
:jg
lit
Pf k'o
1 i
There
no day
It
ft o
Bfe tso*
f ien 1
5i
^
^
r'1
2
ti
$j
4
by day and
3%
yu*
%-.
lai*
fa
t'a>
^
^
cAiu4
jiA
3
-J te
<SO M
'
'
goes.
night.
lit, as soon as the heavens are bright, to
yesterday
to-day
it
May
221.
^S chung
222.
1
,
a bell
also, in
rise.
rains.
arrive in the course of the night.
piao
Chinese, a watch.
mei "
fc ting*
fp tou
KaTi^f
&
fixed.
dawn
fine
Asm
'
fe yeh
travel both
was
%< a la
4
j| chou
M, tao*
chiu*
feow
c/i'in^
Bra
Wo2/*
come (or came) he goes (or went ) lit, then he
as I
rise at
As soon
To
To
ch'i
5i 'rh
&
q. chin*
s
pjotfao
is
t'ien
modern Chinese, a
clock.
the outside as opposed to the inside; hence, manifestation.
223. ^l] tee 4 to engrave

,
a short time
in
modern Chinese, a quarter
In modern
of an hour.
Also, to
oppress, as will be seen later.

224.
4
^| hou
225.
Examples:
to await
1
|& s/mo
$&Jt'e
^jf*te
ss'ti
What
Look
This
That
o'clock
is
san 1
H
H
f
^
when combined with
hsia*
1
chung ^
1
%$ tou
ch'enO
piao
saw1
~f a liao
J| ch'ev?
sldh"
chung flf
san 1
J|
shih 2 time, a time, the time.
jg che
fj chung
1
it chwng
J|5 wa4
^ îao ^
shih*
s/ii/t
f|5 tien*
s/w/t
flf
jjf
fc'cwi
chung
c/tiu
1
%R chih
jiH
too 4
& shih*
g
^ mo
2
she*'
2
$fe
shih 2
4
iH ôw
is it ?
and you
will see (lit,
a bell of
lit,
shift*
know).
ch'en 2 (Radical 162),
hour
periods.
lit, an indicator of hour periods.

say [for three o'clock] san tien chung or san hsia chung, three points or
a watch
You may
06s.
HJ
a clock;
three blows of the
<?e7i
at the clock
is
hence,
bell.
Hsia, blows.
Three quarters past

226. '$" leng 3 , cold
four.
;
as in chin 1 t'ien 1 leng3
it is
cold to-day.
PART
227.
3& jie
hot
as put leng3
hsueh3 snow
228.
III.
pu
it is
snowing.
^J-
229.
yff.
brisk or fresh
231.
1
wj kua
1
Jl kua
232.
Jft,
230.
to rasp
As Hang2 shui3
cold.
Hang cool;
as Hang 2 k'uai,
(80),
to shave.
(said to be a vulgar
ch'i*,
Often used with k'uai*
cold water.
cool (not cold).

to cut
hot nor cold.
je*, neither
as Asia 4 hsueh 3
49
breath, air
form of the above), to blow, as the wind.
the material influences of nature
morally, temper, anger
(under certain circumstances, and in combination), aspect, appearance,

ch'i*, weather
temperature.
and
taste,
smell.
As
also
t'ien
233. Examples:
ffr,
hua*
&
wo3
liao
^
^
3; pan*
5c t'ien
6^[
î
)jg
yeh*
ti
~f liao
4
"f Asia
k'uai*
fa.
fau 4
J^j
The weather
Tlie weather is cold.
g, feng
~f
Hang
is
liao
'rh
-^
Jisueh?
pj n hsuek
c^m
"f
1
gg kua
ta*
g, ftng
3
lai
jfc
Asia.
^
^
liao
t'ien
c/i't
j&jP'
hot.
A high
wind has got up.

the wind stopped,
When
it
snowed.
snowed half the night. Pan*: see 236.

To-day it is cool.
He had a long talk with me lit., half a day's
It
talk.
234.
%J
235. 3f
the
ch'u
the
first
when
a time or turn
tz'ii*,
As
as ch'u
ch'i
ch'u 1 in the beginning.
Ch'i 3 to rise
the
tz'ii*,
first
time.
In a
series,
see 43.
any place but
first.
236.
237.
Examples:
pan*, half.
erh*
ft
jig
Hang
SjJ
iieTi
^{J
po.%
8
4
|f o chung
When
first
[it is
cheng
yueh*
shang* fy
ft
ft yueh*
jjs jpeVi
4
"f Asia
ft
yueh*
yi
2/i
f@ ko*
1
|^ cA'u
_t shang*
f@
fco
pan*
pan*
ip pa?i
ft
yueh*
said that] two people ch'u 1 chien*,
it
ft a yueh*
t'a
1
,
fp5
men
f)j
cA'u 1
;ft
te'-it
jig
Hang
f@
A;o
chien*
yueh*
Asia 4
^, chien*
shih*
yueh* ^mien*
means that they have seen each other for
ft
time.
This moon.
Last moon.
In the
pan*
yueh*
1
^j cA'w
the
first.
first
half moon.
The
06s.
first
First
Next moon.
half of the moon.
A month
In the
and a
and second days of the

moon: cheng
(see
103);
last half of
the moon.
half.
q.d.,
first
moon.
the right or chief moon, to which
all
the rest are subordinate.
the change of tone.
Half-past two o'clock.
Note
50
Tztr
ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE
IX.
Ch'ie n -'rh? is simply ch'ieri* fieri1 (the
i.
day before yesterday)
[and the combinations
meaning] yesterday, to-day, to-morrow, and
ft
the day after to-morrow,
all follow
the same
rule.
The weather
2.
(lit.,
air of
the sky)
is dis-
tinguished as cold, hot, cool, warm, windy,

clear, rainy,
T
The
Obs.
last clause is
not translated
die,
hsieh, these some, or
m.
JK
to
all
many,
are inside, are all included.
An hour and
3.
- m
snowy.
a half
is
the same as an
hour and two quarters.

l
expressions, yi
Both the following

hsia* chung 1 and yi l tieri*
chung mean an hour.

1
A $ T & &
.
^
05s.
I.
06s. 2.
H[
11
4.
^ ^ + IB
10
^ A
xl
Habit: ai (52) to love = to be used
By day pai jih

:
That
man
ride in the
day and
to.
precedes the verb.
5.
am
going to-day, and may be back

not up at eight
What were you
o'clock to-day
You
lit.,
you
this
to study in the evening
when he comes home.
next moon.
06s.
there has studied upwards
of twenty years; he has been a teacher only

five or six months.
It is this man's habit to
man
reproachfully.
6.
year before last and

after
i
ch'ien 2
You may say both
nien2
for the
Aow nien for the year

2
next, but ch'ien yiieh* and hou* yiieh*
are not
much
used.
At
this place it rains in
the hot weather and snows in the cold.
PART
III.
A.
7. Four days ago it blew from the north,

and the day following it was very cold. It
ra
rained last evening, but
Bft
and
night,
To
51
was
it
fine this
it
stopped in the
morning.
ffc
8.
not so
is
The weather is very mild this year;

cold as it was last year. The weather
not seasonable this year nobody has seen

in the fourth moon for some years.
;
snow
Not
06s.
seasonable
fra cheiig, not correct.
9.
To*
W,
*
Not
06s.
tsa
men
Turn
1.
Peking
2.
year
He came
did
arrive
you
in
(KEY, EXERCISE IX.)
a winter here, I cannot say what the cold

is like.
came
;
this year.
have not been
only half a year.
But
06s.
I.
06s.
2.
Regular: ho' p'ing* (210, 137).

Passed a winter: lit., passed the [new]
year.
you speak mandarin very
7.
corit's
That
is all
pretty cold
06s.
i.
That accounts
for
it.
Do you
climate here agree with you (good)

06s.
Climate
lit.,
find the
if
you go on
trip.
All the same:
lit.,
but [though]
it is
thus
this
If:
is
commonly expressed by the
characters yao* shih* (32, 29), the former being corruptly

used for jo, of which more presently.
water and earth.
not the case; on the consnow, only an inch or so
No, that
is
9.
am told, is very heavy here.
The snow,
8.
trary, there
6. There is
nothing the matter with it;
the seasons are very regular, and the heat is
nothing to speak of; but not having passed
hi one's room, but
the same
all
said.
06s. i.
(Radical 70.)
warm enough
It is
a few days'
owing to my having learned

Chinese in the South (lit., southern quarter).
5.
here last year.
present.
rectly.
4.
last
is
years since we came

year; I arrived last
many
is
or, it
here.
moon they two came
here long
3.
what
In
two have been here a good many
years;
17) unless the person addressed
(see
We
is little
during the year. What I referred to were

the winds, which blow so cold.
falls
06s.
Only
4
pu* kuo ;
lit.,
not exceeding.
52
10.
What do you do
11. I
have
ERH
xztr
my
every day
1 2.
and
at 7.30
rise
every morning
then I send
which
dine and go out for a
half,
can possibly clear up.
ride.
i.
words (jy H|jj

" in order to
14.
we
fix
2.
"After which" or "afterwards"
five.
What
we had
better
time to-morrow shall
Obs.
So
i.
it is:
124.
see
Fix: 215.
Obs. 2.
often
is
rendered by the words hui* t'ou 2 , to turn the head

lai, to return, has the same force.
238.
that case
is; in
it
Pud-
hungry craving."
dings are also called tien hsin.

Obs.
So
go to-morrow.
mean
;jj) which, literally translated,
satisfy slightly the
me
your dinner to-day, will you ?

1
3. Look at the weather
[it has turned]
cold and is going to rain I do not think it
Breakfast, lunch, or any minor meal, is

" little
called in Peking
heart," said to be short for four
Obs.
In that case come for a ride with
after
my
for
breakfast,
teacher and read for three hours and a

after
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
15.
hui
The
Say daylight.
after a short gallop
we
cold
is
nothing;
shall be all right.
1
1
ching properly kJng to change the watches of the night, of which there are
read kdng* it is an adjective of comparison as no* keng* hao 3 that is better still.
J5
When
^ fu
a man, especially a husband commonly, any working man. As chiao l -fu l

a chair-bearer; ma^fu 1 a groom. Joined with kung 1 (Radical 48), work. See Exercise X, i.
239.
240. 35p
241.
mei3 every
,
^^
3
>
to strike
as in
as
combined with many verbs of

3
mei3 yiz
fa 1
every individual one.
wo3 he
ta 3
It is also
action.
ko*,
is
striking
(or,
has struck)
used as a preposition.
me
also, idiomatically
Thus,
ta tso fien tao* chin 1 tien 1 from yesterday until to-day.

ta 3 na* 'rh kuo*, to go by there.
1
242.
jfjf
pa*, to
end
At the end of a sentence,

our Eh ? or a command.
to cause to cease.
but sometimes used to imply doubt, like
"
there's
an end of
243. Examples:
m*
ft,ta
shuo 1
fife
fa
t'a
JBJ
2
-weVj.gr
shih*
watch
What
is
are
ti
ching
^
to?
ft
tso*
pu*
The night is divided into five watches.

The chiiig-fu are the men who beat the watches
fi^fo
3
ft ta
fa 1
flfc
pu*
liao
hui2
mo
pu
"J"
she**
shih*
ft
ta 3
]g ching
Aching
(strike the changes).
struck five times every night.
you beating him
for
cannot do otherwise
he has done wrong, reprove him and have done with

Obs.
Wrong pit shih.
If
or,
he must be beaten.
it.
244. -^- tsaoz , early.
245. JJ& ^van 3 late.

,
As
As
in tsao3 fan*, early rice

in
wan3 fan*,
sc.,
breakfast.
the evening meal
dinner or supper.
wu3
1
it ;"
PART
246.
2
shang'
hu
Pan
shang
53
3
coupled, colloquially, with the following wu and often pronounced
3
half the day, or a long while; wan shang 1 evening.
Note the
3
shang noon
ffl^J
III.
3
,
change of tone.
s
^p wu
247.
See ch'dn 2 Radical Exercise XII,
noon.
divided by the Chinese into

to
2 shih, -ch'en
wu
Of these,
The 24 hours of the day 'are
7.
represents the two hours from
A.M.
P.M.
common
tsan 1 length of time
D^
248.
When ?
phrase for
249.
how
q.d.,
Examples:
3
fft ni
ft
ti
f|
2J5
4
Zai
how
soon,
early
fjfe,
235
2JS
ft
isou
4
g
/mi
^
lai
*
^- feo
ti
ii
BJ6,
S.
tsao
^. isao
$J5
tow
^3Wl
Bjjj
waw3
IS fan
%
^
io
to
As
in to 1 teem 1
the
fa1
Mm."
ffl
cAW
Pfj
meVi 2
cAia 1
^fto
ch'ih
j% mei-
fa1
2
wan3
tsan 1
5o ting
ft
B&>wewi
%i3
06s.
3
popular contraction of tsao
4* pu*
2
fft
He
^
T
^jp
ch'u
cA'i
Asia4
3
^(W3
fl|J
shang
got up early, went out at noon, and had not returned in the afternoon.
The afternoon is often spoken of as hou pan t'ien, the latter half of the day.
What
06s.
is
the dinner hour
Obs. 2.
He came
early
came
Go your own ways

06s.
It is uncertain.
Late (or evening) meal when can be eaten; ti=te.

Early late both not fixed.
i.
or,
late (or, he came before me).

mind your own business.
Note pa, a command.
See 242.
250. "ff chien 4 properly, to distinguish

,
a distinction
but best known as a numerative
4
amongst other substantives, numerative of sAiA affairs (252).
,
251. Ipf ch'ing 2 feelings

,
252.
253.
put
Iffc
jjjlj
to place.
254.
a matter.
very commonly combined with
See 257.
256. 7>S
ko 1 a character of doubtful authority; primarily, to delay;

As ko 1 tsai4 che 4 'rh, put it here.
ko 4 each
255. qjt
257.
sAiA 4 affairs
circumstances
yang kind
tuan
3
,
colloquially, to
every.
b\:',
short.
fashion.
As ko4 yang4 every

,
As ch'ang tuan long and

3
sort or kind.
short
hence, the length
of.
Examples:
ko 4
3C tuny
fj hsi
yang
ko
ti
tuan 3
ton 1
J tuny3
na*
pa
na4
chien 4
fj:
chien4
s/7t 4
tzu
wo
tzu
shih*
J| ck'ang*
pu
yang
pu*
ft
/*ao 3
tou 1
hsieh
'rh
miny-
54
ERH
TZtJ
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
I don't understand this thing (affair, matter).
That thing should not be spoken
Where
shall that chair be
Move away
put (or placed).
place apart) that table a
(lit.,
not good to speak of that thing.)
(It is
of.
little.
There are some of every kind.

[He] understands every kind of thing.
Those things are of different lengths.
2
258.
2/uw
cloud
commonly coupled with
As
ts'ai
ts'ai3
yiln
clouds
lit.,
cloud
colour.
259.
black.
It
may
ts'ai
also
mean
As
colours.
in
wu3
ts'ai
3
,
the five colours
sc.,
blue, yellow, red, white,
and
luck, as will be seen later.
260. {tg yin 1 the female of the dual powers of nature

,
darkness
dark.
Tai* yin1
(264),
the moon, but not colloquially.

261.
2
yang the male power of nature
vjl?
262.
wu*, mist.
As
p'a*, to fear
brightness
in hsia* wu*, a fog, or mist, has
light.
Tai* yang-
come on
lit.,
(264), the sun.
there has descended
a fog or mist.
263.
TO
264.
t'ai*,
hence, to doubt
hence used as perhaps.
properly the superlative of
ta*,
great; used
both as an adjective and
an adverb.
265. Examples:
***
to*
Hj o
1
5c t'ien
ynng
hsia*
i.
06s. 2.
When
06s.
lit.,
2
s/ti/i
t'ien
shih*
A*-
t'ai*
ti
/p
pu*
wu*
pu
jih*
ffio
ch'u1
hen3
chien*
shuo1
The
so overcast,
first
Probably
the sun
Nearly
When
man3
k'an 1
With a sky
06s.
fl^p
ti
yin
clause
it
patf
3
will
pendent
06s.
is
nearly
[there being] a full heaven's clouds.
set.
even with the west
t'ien is
but sunset
is
otherwise described.
used of the day in the daytime,
a very thick mist
There
is
ts'ai
probably blow.
the sun [one] cannot discern.
There
ti
one fears that there will blow wind.
is
is
lit.,
is
hsia
ti,
the sun
there has descended
is
;
not
ti=te.
visible.
it
means that the sun
is
not visible
PART
III.
EXEKCISE
J
$&.
^9
0|5
R&
Ht *E
06s.
Ji
/!
~y
A*
Work.
i.
Jl/ei
Every year (mei
as year after year (nien men?),
i/ii&
is
moon
after
with the phrases meis
work
men2
same
^
for
X.
ô
ô >E
Hence, time at man's disposal
i.
J2
db
55
hence, leisure
is it
mei3 jih*
the
is
moon (monthly)
t'ien
not?
;
so
(daily).
The fu
time taken up by anything.
,)
in kung-
fu cannot be
explained.
06s. 2.
Is it not? interrogative affirmative,
06s. 3.
So with : lit., also is it so fashion.
|3$J^T|ti|ijkSTJK.Ajj
_B.
6>Ji
jH
^tfo
2,
îl
wt
Goes to bed
06s.
VII,
^P
mfci
mfci
03
^P
common
in Chinese.
2.
*^ e
S.
He
rises early,
s t reet ) at n(>on,
goes for a walk
comes home
(lit.,
up
in the even-
ing and reads, and in the third watch of the

He does the same
night he goes to bed.
-?
not shang ch'uang*, which means to take to one's bed in mortal sickness.
See Exercise
Obs.
&
Q
^
X ^ *
Wt
%t
.^
.^
^.
tfft
5?5
i-
-f-
i.
Essential:
06s.
2.
By
06s.
3.
Note the tone
}&.
^r
5ffy
06s.
tei (see
A
"B?
Mo
pan
JS
Sfr
WC
xt
H5
^-
3-
t'ien
simply one's individual
'in
essent i a i tnat
is
He
4
fco te
self.
-'rA
means
In this matter
you should go
yourself.
by himself in that house.
lives
l,
"
_,
JUK
ts
wt
The expression
30, 32).
is
master or senior, or no outsiders live there.
of the second ko.
Tfe
Ch'ien
^
Bi
himself: either he
^
^ H ^ 1
^ ^c ^ ^
B
^'
S $
'
Obs.
%!t
x!k
it
^ ^^
*-*
Jt
n*
T
ar
^'
'
7
it
-IT
t'ien
-fT
^ M,
W K
W
'
.5.
*
4>
4- It
noon was
but cold
rained in the forenoon, but the afterfine.
after.
T ^
^ T
and AOM pan
-^
Jt 4
ov
would be equally
i^ 5
S[
was warm before midnight

third watch is midnight.
correct.
5.
man
As regards the watches which a watch-
str
^ es
divided into
^5
It
The
which
is
during the night, the night is

the beginning of the first of
five,
the watch-setting.
56
TZtr
&
;?B<
flf)
06s.
i.
Obs.
2.
Obs.
3.
CHI.
..
COLLOQUIAL SEKIES.
6. When the days are
long there is more
t""G to do things when they are short, one
has not leisure for them, and they must just
wait (be put aside).
fa
&m
^ ^ X
Ijj-
***
^Jf
.See 199.
Leisure: k'ung*-'rh. Note the change of tone.
Must just wait lit., affairs [one] tei, must, ko cho, put, or be putting [aside], pa, and that's all about it.
The Chinese seem to treat it as a mere expletive.
It is difficult to define the precise power of cho here.
:
-Where
jpj
j}$
T&K
-Ah
7-
When
Where
morrow.
he be back
will
is
to-
Probably
the tea-pot put
On
the
table in the room.
Construe
put, etc.
fUi
IIS
an
$8 IE
i!;
Obs.-
ERH
That teapot [man has] put in what place?
Ui
8-
sa
1=1
When
the sky
overcast the day
is
to be mTi 1 (dull, obscured).
>?-.
is
There was
a thick mist this morning; even those big
mountains were
invisible.
T
-Overcast: Kt, the clouds in (Kt, on) the sky
yA
ifa
515
fill
[the sky].
9-
What
are
you standing there for? be
off at once.
Jt
to.
IB 10
suppose dinner is ready ? No, it is

not ready, and it will be some time yet before
In that case let us have another turn
it is.
10.
up the
06s.
i.
I suppose:
06s.
2.
A time
pa here= eh?
heard a
What
the street
sort of noises did
The
midnight.
watchman has nothing to do in the daytime,
but he has not a moment's leisure at night.
setting
He
[A sound
2.
like]
someone striking wood
outside the door.

06s.
Outside the door
(KEY, EXERCISE X.)
lot of noises hi
yesterday evening.
you hear ?
street.
See 243.
see 129.
Turn
1.
men
k'ou-'rh
lit.,
the
and the
lives quite
third
is
by himself
in that small
house
yonder, and has neither wife nor child.

has to be out in all weathers, wet or fine
He
(lit.,
not regarding fine days nor cloudy days) and

"
he never can say, I'll put aside my work to;
mouth
of,
3.
or entrance to, the door.
That was the watchman striking the
watches.
The night
watches, the
first
of
is
divided
which
is
into
five
the watch-
day."
From
year's
end
year up to the head,

the same.
i.e.,
to year's
end
the end),
(lit.,
it is
one
always
PART
4.
to-day,
at
III.
The sky has been completely overcast

and so dull that one could see nothing
5.
The days
6.
shorter
Hasn't
now
1
(to
commenced?)
7- We've no time
towards dark, but that
Towards dark
is
uncertain.
lit.,
studies
at present
(lit,
be for
let it
I propose to talk about that a
bit.
and
248) shall
day or
two hence.
arriving at dark coining
Obs.
"P-
Propose
to 3
man*.
See 241.
266.
^C
267.
shang
(Radical 145), clothes; classically, upper garments.

1
a skirt
classically,
a 1 "aa 1 ang 1
268.
wan3
from whenever reading
is
thick fog in the morning, but it lifted (lit.,

It may be fine
cleared) for a while at noon.
06s.
getting shorter
tsao 3
commence our night
our night book
There was a
been dull!
it
are
whenever
you and
all.
57
wang
1
,
colloquially
appended
to i l clothes in general.
,
dirty; not used colloquially except in combination with
the following.
269.
tea 1
jjjli
combination
is
tsang
as often
270.
huan4
271.
kan 1
272.
used with the preceding ang1 or a 1 but also without
l
l
1
l
pronounced a -tsa as ang -tsang
E.
washed kan
pa?
-fjfl
$
ffi
t'a
The compound kart-ching4 however, means

,
rfl
shou3
chin 1
3%
wo 3
nung*
kan
fjl
huan*
fan*
ching*
nung*
ti
8/tui 8
ch'u*
t'iao*
ti
cA'w 4
J|
lean
ft ft
fcei
clothes are dreadfully dirty.

Liao pu It,: lit., in a manner that will never
Go and change them

Obs.
liao
Lit.,
do.
"j*
liao 3
pu*
cM*
c/i'u
Jg
Obs.
06s.
me
See Exercise II, 9.
at once.
rice,
prepares
it
clean.
Note
ti
for
te.
a clean handkerchief.
Towels are also called shou-chin ; but there
The water
06s.
preparing
is
dirty pour
Note the employment of
;
it
is
a special term for silk handkerchiefs.
away.
t'a in referring to
an inanimate
object.
ti
JK
/rnaTi4
change clean [ones for them].
Lit., this cook,
fi{j
)j
This cook cooks cleanly.
Bring
ni3
^2*
fft
fj;
4
f@ /w
ching*
Obs.
simply, clean; as
-ching*, clean.
tao*
7
Your
The
dry.
Examples:
4
it.
to exchange.
JL ching*, clean.
dirty things are
327.
dirty
ft
ti
58
ERH
TZtJ
274.
water
is
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
skua1 to brush, as a hat or
In brushing boots, shoes, furniture,
clothes.
JfjjlJ
etc.,
used.
275.
/(.si
to wash, as clothes, the hands, the face; coupled with the following tsao 3
to bathe.
tsao 3 with the foregoing, to bathe.
276.
277.
lien
278.
p'en
279.
the face.
from the bean

be met with
a basin
is
made from
soap
called /ei' -sao
281.
much
tsui*,
wen
lira
1
,
often
comb
followed by tzu.
is
Coarse soap made

always takes tzu after it.
and a mixture of the two, i2-tsao*. The new characters will
hogs' lard
combined with ho2
When
to comb.
N.B.
woman's comb
Jg fa
Emphasis must be
284.
3
,
but pronounced huo 1
used as a noun
it
is
called Iung -tzu, with
on the
either takes mu*, wood, before
colloquially,
first
which she shu 1
it
t'ou
3
,
combs her hair
takes the prefix t'ou2
(lit.,
head).
the head, as t'ou 2 fa 3
tsui*
fj^
3
*? o hao
shua1
$JC
%fa
shu1
shu
2
fig t'ou
lien 3
jjgtn
4
| fewi
wo 3
3%
3
g wo
SjL
tsao
jjg
ch'i3
jjj
3
pa
mu*
shu
hsi
te
gfc
ching*
J$ yung*
liao
ffi
ch'ien
"s\
liu*
'rh
ûi
fgj
A;o
shou
The ko
after ch'ien-'rh
must be regarded
as
lien3
^ p'en*
shih*
hsi3
^"
gfc
^F
tzit
3
J^ lien
jg
c/tm*
$} yung*
J5
Asi 3
)p
A basin is used for washing the face.

In washing the hands, if you use soap you can wash them clean.
Mark the force of chiu ; lit., washing the hands, using soap, you then washing
06s.
The day before yesterday was the hottest [we have had]
Jjg
fjiao
foliao
hsi 3
kari
~~f
hsi
ffi,
^
&
I V*
$& kei
i*
Hfc
washed
g^f
<i
obtain clean [ones].
my face
six times.
a simple colloquial expletive peculiar to Peking
the erh
probably a corruption ofjih, day.
Bring
Obs.
me
comb
to
comb
bathe
early.
brush.
285.
my hair.
Note the reduplication of the verb
It is best to
character.
Examples:
3
8| tsao
Obs.
or shu^-tzu, a comb.
the hair;
laid
(210),
Thus,
mu* shu1
283.
it
very.
warm
1
282. tnt shu , a
or
later.
280.
it,
as hsi 3 -tsao3 p'en 2 , a bath-tub.
WT
chen1 , a needle.
shu shu, short for shu
i shu, to
comb
a comb, or have a
comb
at.
is
PART
286.
the numerative
hsien*, thread;
jjjJR
HI.
is
t'iao
59
Chenl -hsien4
in combination
means
needlework.
287. $il feng 2 to stitch together
,
288.
f< jj}
289.
Examples:
pu
to patch
hen3
shang
P'*
$$i
06s.
in the eye,
needle.
The eye
but
Women
Your
06s.
eye of a needle
cMn must
'rh
fjfc
fgj
nil 3
ni3
fft
|(jj
/mao3
>J<
$1 hsien*
deficiency.
- iz
hsien*
ko*
$\.chen
c/*-*^
Jen*
BjJ
^5
2/e?i
i'iao 2
too small.
is
is
also called chen pi'-'rh, the needle's nose
chen yen, without the Mi, means a stye
be emphasised.
learn sewing.
clothes are very tattered
all
Feng pu,
mend
to
lit.,
they must be mended.
and patch.
stitch
290. :*f ch'uan1 to bore through

,
291. |i
292.
up a vacancy, make good a
chen 1
^f-
See 737.
thread.
of this needle
The
ie
fill
1
%$ tou
ti
to
ijjt
hence, to
read feng*, a seam or crack.
$t
to
put on clothes.
hsieh 2 shoes.
,
t'o
1
,
Often used with
to take off or away.
293. ${t hsiieh 1 boots

,
294.
5 shuang1 a
295.
fH,
it
takes
tzti after
/ma 4 below
,
as
t'o
hsia\ to take
off.
it.
pair.
f||, tva*, stockings
takes tzu after
it
The character
it.
is
found under both
radicals.
296. Examples:
M
jjft
"/$,
yu&
chiu*
pu
1
$f ch'uan
Jjft
fpf
fQ p'a*
~f liao
p^ yil
1
ft
hsia*
i*
yu
fft hsiieh
t'o
fafj
"J*
shen 1
^,,
shang
liao
"g pai
J|R
3
i*
ti
ft
pu*
-ftj
~f a liao
JJ
fr ta*
$f
wa*
$}
ti
J- a tzu
K);
hsueh 1
ni3
tzti
1
1
3f ch'uan 3^ ch'uan
hsiehJ|$ na*
pu*
mo 1
-J tzu
tff.
tsou 3
One pair of stockings.

To put on shoes.
To take off boots.
If
you put on boots
as big as that
To take off all one's clothes.

With rain boots and rain clothes
06s.
with
later.
you won't be able
on, rain
Rain boots are more commonly called yu'
to
walk a hundred paces.
need not be dreaded.

hsiieh, oil (or oiled) boots
the character for yu will be
met
60
TZtJ
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
EXERCISE
fa
XI.
i.
boots.
2.
with a
Obs.
&
After
all
note the force of yeh;
lit.,
^
Obs.
To
and one handkerchief.
Warm
of boots
ten pairs
That
is
water will
The water in this basin is dirty;

change it and bring me some clean water
instead to wash my face. Those clothes are
3.
dirty
take a brush and brush them.
IB
4.
ft
off
that also not reckoned many.
T.
m $
- m
m IT
m
Shoes.
Take
pair of boots.
not very many after all.

not do to wash boots in.
IBs
Boots.
clothes.
You must patch that pair

He has bought
little leather.
of stockings
ft
Clothes.
Put on your
Stockings.
your
Clean.
Dirty.
it
^ &
7>
flf
fit
Bf
fit
This garment
to patch
patch
it
it
will
torn; call
someone here
no occasion, I think, to
do as well if it is sewn up. A
There
it.
is
is
wash-basin.
The second pa implying doubt.
Get up quickly and dress. He is (or

was) lying down undressed (or, has taken
off his clothes and is lying down).
He has
5.
ft
$
^
flfc
-t
had that garment on
without changing
for
a number of days
it.
cold to-day; you must put on

more.
When you saw him had he
something
on
or
boots
shoes ?
got
6. It is
ft
Obs.
Lit,
when you saw him's
time, he wore, etc.
Note
ni, the sign of the interrogative.
PAET
III.
is 7
ft
^g
_^-
^
That
06s.
all
depends
lit.,
that
_.
ft
Those leather boots of yours which

all this time ought to be
us
you brush them
Warm
4fc
Your mother
wives of
modern
10
tells
the
Your mother,
me you
did not get
officials
^^
-fa:
lit.,
the old lady
a term of respect applied to the

and aged women ; it is of comparatively
T'ai-t'ai
origin,
is
but nothing seems to be known about
its
derivation.
06s.
when the
2.
suppose
Do you
Shuo, to speak, generally follows kao-su
latter is in the past tense.
is
water
10.
prefer cold water or boiling

your hands in ? Both are bad
;
too cold, boiling water

is
is
too hot.
the best.
Be quick and pour
this water into
(KEY, EXERCISE XI.)
follmving into Chinese.
early to-day.
i.
me.
the pan and warm it. The fire is going out.

The water has been on a long while and will
not boil.
tjL
Turn
or dame.
for
are quite right
w
water to wash
Obs.
You
brushed, surely.
cold water
up very
it
have been lying by
9.
i.
put
be seen.
boots.
8.
JH
not clean
at home with nothing to do I wear shoes, but

when I go to the yamen I am obliged to wear
rh
[is] all to
is
wash-hand basin and wash it. Do you

That all
prefer to wear boots or shoes?
depends upon what I am doing; when I am
$.
ft
This handkerchief
7-
in the
,*,
fe
61
was dining out yesterday

evening, and came back late. The roads were
really in a bad state, and, not to speak of my
Quite true
2.
boots and clothes, which were

face even was not
When
I got
home
all dirtied,
my
be seen for grime.

called for warm water to
fit
to
and, taking off my clothes and boots,

I saw at once that my stockings were in holes
wash
it,
62
KIMl CHI.
and would have
to be
mended.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
06s.
ordered the
04s. 2,
servants (men) to bring me a pair of shoes,

and to put them on the stove of the k'ang,
and had a change of clean clothes all over.
ya
when
3.
4.
heart then good a
But the way the

little).
rain came down in the night was enough to
frighten one. Did you go out, too ?
chin3 to the greatest extent
298.
chni 1 to pluck
299.
tai
300.
tan3 to tap
301.
mao4
302.
chung
a cap
1
,
my
Please have
See 28.
saying.
good clothes which
suit of
some
did not
Don't
tea.
5.
Is this water for the tea boiling
6.
The water has been on the
so long (half the day) ; of course
Of course
06s.
With
tzu,
let
us
k'o
pu
fire for
it is
ever
boiling.
See 124.
$hih.
a duster.
generally takes tzu after
middle
it.
Often used with chien 1 a division or space (47) as

the middle. Note the change of tone. It can also be used
midst.
Read chung4
later.
iff
mao4
mao4
3-
tzii
tzu
Ifl-
chiao 4
chai 1
L-O
to pass
kua
an examination.
hsia
chin 4
ch'u 4
IVU
wo
ti
At the very inside. At the very front.

To wear a cap. To take off the cap.
j||
:fJJ
li
-f-
tzu
|f tan
3
s
|f tan
spear, the hand, etc.).
'rh
\$L
chin 3
i|i|
mao*
ffi
ch'ienz
-J-
tzu
Jjjf ,
t'ou
chai 1
cheng
Right in the middle.
off.
of chiao, to call or cause, as an auxiliary,
3
ij^, l-'an , to
chin3
tai4
by means of which kua,
There are other verbs which perform the same function, but of these more hereafter.
^,
chung
tan3
pa
Tap the dust off with a duster.

The moment you enter a room take your hat
My cap was blown off by the wind.
Note the use
mao*
chien
t'u 3
na
hsia 4
304.
See 45.
in
Examples:
~f a liao
06s.
3.
prefixed adverbially.
chung chien rh, in the middle; or,

as a verb, to fulfil or accomplish, as will be seen
303.
yii
lit.,
as fruit, etc. (but not flowers).
to dust.
4-
had on a
wear on the head.
to
off,
my opinion
talk about this.
opinion it is better to wear shoes. After I had

taken a cup of tea I felt better (lit., in the
297.
In
c/tao
did not want to get spoilt, [so]

cross (go out of) the door.
my
off; in
Get wet:
mine get wet
these boots of
with rain they are not easy to take
I.
to blow,
becomes passive.
See 56.
chop; to strike with a sword or like weapon (not with a

The second is the correct form, but the first is often used.
stick, a
PART
305. Jp| chien 1
when linked with
shoulders;
III.
the foregoing,
63
means a
it
waistcoat, q.d., a
garment that divides, or lies between, the shoulders.

306.
fP han\
307.
308.
fjpL
sweat.
shan 1 a
shirt
tan 1 single
,
309.
310.
Examples:
H3
1
$C shou
1
]ji tan
flto t'a
chili?
1
^c chia
waistcoat.
[jfj
(@
fco
ch'u
7*
âo
slian
|^ tan
wos
only.
i2
1
3
0J k'an
1
jff chien
l
^c i
^
^
Jco*
f@
$J 'rh
5t t'ien
f@ ko*
tso
ff a han*
hsieh 3
means
ff han*
shang
Bfc
It also
See Examples.
i1
ti
(3$
k'ai 1
tsai*
sAw
5t t'ivn
kei
$fe
&
i*
Jg pa?
kinds of documents.
J-o tzti
j$j
many
read chia 1 to place between two objects.
t anl
sfi.
Generally used with the preceding.
shift.
a term applied to
chia 2 double
fH
J 'rh
i2
sliang
c/tm
chien*
f{:
shirt.
Lined clothes.
Clothes without lining.

I perspired all
day yesterday.
Write a receipt and give it him.
Make
list.
Place the paper between [the leaves of] the book.

311.
^ mien
the cotton plant
as
mien2
hua*,
raw
cotton.
_lt-f*
312. fjp k'u*, trousers, of which the numerative

313.
who
cuts
and
N.V.
ts'ai
to cut, as a tailor
when shaping
(181)
clothes
it
takes
tzti after
2
2
hence, ts'ai -feng a
,
it.
tailor,
one
stitches.
Emphasise
ts'ai.
314. fa^ I'ua*, an outer coat

315.
316.
Examples
^C
^
^
hsiu*, a sleeve
shang
ts'ai
Wadded
it
us
ma3 kua*-tzii, or ma3 kua*-'rh, a riding jacket, or short coat.
takes
tzii after
it.
-Jo
2
^]}j
^
A
A
is t'iao
kua*
^t4
hsiu*
fe'ai
^ shih*
^ chia
$fj a
ti
f^ chien*
4
$| k'u
|$ k'u*
mien2
/Jc
tzii
s/ti/i*
jg
$f
ti
2
j^ f iao'
clothes.
pair of trousers.
coat.
Sleeves.
To cut out
clothes.
Is this pair of trousers single or lined
tailor.
teit
14
c/te
ô shang
j^
<'iao
64
TZfr
ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE
XII.
i
work
Women in their childhood learn needle-
the majority of them cannot read. The

numerative of caps is ting 3
A tailor can
both cut out and make up
ffl
clothes.
ffy
06s.
The majority
lit.,
the excess half
to
pan would be
equally correct.
2.
When you
in the water
bathe, do not put your hair
when once
the hair gets wet,
it
takes a long time to dry.
06s.
Chao*, to come in contact with.
See 45.
3.
1
Clothes, tan (not lined), are such as
have an outside with nothing inside it; clothes,

chia? (lined), are such as have both a lining
and an
Wadded garments
outside.
(lined) with cotton in between.
4.
k'artP-chien
is
To
are chia?
perspire.
the article of dress
which has a back and front and no

l
The Jiaii -shan

worn innermost
ft
sleeves.
is
the garment without lining
of
all.
5?c
5.
ft
The
kuui^-tzit
outermost of
ma3
when
garment worn
the
short
Jcua4 (or riding jacket).
trousers
tt
all
is
wadded or
is it
lined
it
is
called a
Is this pair of
?
fi
Caps are distinguished as small caps
and official hats while official hats are of two
kinds, the cool (summer) cap and the warm
6.
(winter) cap.
PART
III.
Do you know how
7.
In that case
ffi
(patch)
- 7
my
ft
sew
do
not.
mend
shirt.
cut out but not put

That torn riding coat should
together yet.
be mended.
Jg
to
a tailor here to
I will call
The waistcoat
8.
65
is
Tap the dust
off the
clothes
with a duster.
ft
Who
9.
is
it
that
combs
his hair with
that (or the) wooden comb ? The expression

hsi 3 -tsao3 means to bathe the whole
body. It
is a
good thing to bathe every day.
Shu
O6s.
&
t'ou, to
comb the
&
H-
hair
fa can be omitted.
10. Your hair, sir, is
very short, and you
have already become bald on the top of your
head. I am more than fifty; it is time for one
ft,
to lose one's hair.
T
06s.
i.
Sir
06s.
2.
Note
06s. 3.
Ki.,
ting
old elder born

3
More than
a polite term of address to an elderly person.

t'ou being understood.
See 72.
the crown of the head
fifty
it
would be better
to
add the character SMI*
(952), but
it
has been omitted as
it
has
not yet been introduced.
1 1.
Is
raw cotton
plentiful this year
not, so to speak, scarce, but

abundant as it was last year.
is
Turn
1.
The
tailor
2.
Tell
him
3.
What
has come.
to
come
clothes do
Niri2 (^P)
Obs.
3
pronoun ni
See 648.
is
is
It
not so
(KEY, EXERCISE XII.)

4.
Coats, trousers,
and waistcoats; and,
want you to make those what-doyou-call-'ems that one wears next the skin.
besides, I
in.
you want made,
it
sir
'.
a polite form of the personal
06s.
What-do-you-call-'ein
the possessive appended).
lit.,
that
what (with
66
TZtJ
You mean
5.
That's
6.
it
lit.,
and
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
under-shirts, don't you, sir
Under-shirts
Obs.
ERH
want a good many
or lined
is
sir,
too hot.
want
either
it
you make
If
way
the weather
evening,
a single one that
In what style are the sleeves to be
want them a
little
longer than this
will
[coat] of mine.
06s.
one, etc.,
Longer
compared with (Radical 8 1)
lit,
nimpm-iiip
lit.,
have kind or fashion
not spoil for a long
will
they
will these clothes
am
very good at needlework
they
days before they are ready.
This tailor is so dirty he isn't [tit]
not be
15.
a style:
how many days
In
3.
14.
lit.,
you brush your clothes clean every
sir,
be ready
made?
10.
shape of:
time.
will do.
9.
Have
If
12.
don't
2.
the
to
(yang<).
8.
Cut
cut.
06s.
that coat wadded,
i.
Obs.
body
Do you want
wear out as soon as they
to
are put on.
shirts too.
7.
them
don't want
little coats.
many
be seen; he looks somewhat as if he had

not used soap for a long time his hair, too,
this
to
Ion;;.
Be a little careful about these clothes;

I want them all cut to [the shape of] my
body, so that when worn they may have a
And, I must tell you, I
style about them.
it.
317.
318.
j&
319.
!|it]
t'ung*, copper.
$|
t'ieh
is
not combed.
06s.
1
Dirty
tsang
320.
to
hang
also
is
termed hiuiwf chin1
silver.
iron.
321. ia| ch'ien

322.
often used without any.
comb.
chin 1 (Radical 167), metal, especially gold; gold

(Radical 201), the yellow metal.
yln
is
Possibly because he has not got a
6.
coin, especially cash.
ft tiao*, in Peking, a 5oo-cash note; elsewhere, a string of 1,000 copper cash.
Also,
or suspend.
323. jf| p'iao*, a printed note or written order for

324.
money
also,
a police warrant.
Examples:
shih 4
t'ieh
wo3
shih*
fen
t'ung*
pa
yin
g ko*
/v3
ko*
Thirty
'rh
li
t'ov?
^|L
jji
-f-
ti
(j
t-.f'
J-
ch'ien*
ch'u 1
06s.
p'iao*
che 4
il
tiao*
ch'ien-
sun 1
Rj
lianif
shih1
ymchin 1
taels.
Liang, two,
is
a measure of weight,
commonly
called a tael
10
Hang go
to the chin or catty.
Gold.
Three tiao (elsewhere than in Peking, 3,000, or three strings

A bank-note for three taels.
06s.
In Peking, notes for silver are called p'iao, and notes for cash are called
Amongst
of iron.
of,
these
hundred cash
cash).
p'iao-tzil.
cannot distinguish which are made of copper and which
PART
III.
67
325.
muskets,
/,
|-f.
any straight pole or rod of wood; the numerative of
properly,
((/(",
spears,
etc.
326.
ch't'ng*,
Scales are called 5t ^P (tien^p'ing-); a
a balance; a weighing beam.
small steelyard has another name.

327.
^|
ch'eng
to
weigh
1
/<'",'/.
There
328.
In certain combinations, to speak of to

1
is to weigh with a t'ien -
hence, to esteem.
Ch'eng
weigh with a ch'eng* ; p'ing- ip'ing^
another term for weighing with a steelyard.
designate; to speak.
is
to
is
Examples:
mo
Jg
%
$
to
ch'eng
fjl?
Yao'
Obi.
Bring me
This balance
is
330. IJg chih

<-/i!n*-ch'ien*
iff
ti
ch'eng
(ft
^mi
ffi
3
ch'eng
2
B^ iso
^
^
ch'eng*
jfr
tso*
she"-
ch'eng
ffi
?,,lai*
-i
? ai *
iff
kan3
fg ch'eng
lai*
1'
tung
a
hsi l
|E no?
i4
for
it
To weigh the
not weigh so
will
we bought
rice
much
yesterday.
rice as that.
value.
to be worth.
As
chia*-chih z the price anything

,
is
worth or
is
valued at
more common.
is
(321)
pennissible and perhaps more popular.
What
too small
chi<^, price
mai
$.
jjg,,mo
things.
i IJKO* (32) is also
a balance.
329.
g
^
na *
SI5
1
J^ t'ien
3
1& lean
pu*
Had*
nu
To weigh
4
(,//>'
j|
ti
7^0
hsiao 3
t]\
331. Jl| L'uei*, dear
valuable; honourable; esteemed.
332. PI; chien*, cheap.

333.
followed by
2
a popular pronunciation of pien*, convenient. Read p'ien- only
p'ien
l
see below.
Fang -pwn* (Radical 70), convenient; handy.
fjl
i
2
;
334. *it
2
,
to be befitting; morally, essential.
As p'ienz -i 2 cheap; advantageous; advantage.

,
335.
f^
ch'ing
336.
chung*, heavy.
337.
Examples:
/f,
light.
Read
31 chien*
pu*
c/t?7t
ch'-uny
to repeat
twice over
fc mu*
4
f@ to
ie
fw7?(/
hu
/A
jg jr/mc/
^
How many
g.-i
tzti
taels is this horse
<-i
$1 c/t'm^
cAia 4
cA'iew 2
worth
55
It is
is
heavy wood is light.
That copper kettle is very cheap.
;
Wine
O6.x.
bottles are valueless.
Pn
chih ch'ien
may
also
mean
to cost a
trifle.
ii
Tia
(see
gg p'ien
2
gf fou
Iron
when
not dear
Part IV, Dialogue IX, 29).
fg
Hang
|g yin
^
^
g
t'ieh?
J-.Jzii
shih*
<i
c^n^
it is
4
1
'
2JW
p'i
.1 '""
]
^;
/atei*
hen3
very cheap.
ch!h-
68
TZtr
338.
"fff
chieh 4 to lend
,
339. |jt chang*,
tang
3%
kai 1
is
This
owe anything; morally,
to
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
a corrupt form of chang4 (146)

so universally used that it demands notice.
an account.
not recognised by the dictionaries, but

340.
CHI.
to borrow.
bill
ERH
to
is
owe duty; ought.
it is
Often combined with
(342).
341. -ff fei
to
pains, etc.
expend money,
1
342. 'pj tang*, to represent to stand for.
Tang to act as suitable proper
4
1
ought to be done. Tang to pawn or pledge. Tang or tang*, an adverb of time.
;
that which
343. JT*
yu\
in the case or matter of;
in;
proceeding out
Used only
of.
in
certain
combinations.
344.
$f
345.
Examples:
H
3
$M
tan9*
t'ien
5J 'rh
fife,
ch'ii*
6^0 ti
-(&
*jji
t'a
flfc
shih*
t'a
tang
ffo
tso*
$}a
ft iuo
3- a
tzti
&
$jz
shih*
To be distinguished from haos good.

,
ôch'ien
hao*
fo hsin
che*
fo hsin
shih*
kai
Us/mi
2
jjfc
fei*
shu1
ft chien*
^
^
of.
t>al
^| k'an*
ti
ch'v?
This book of his
%'
kai 1
is all
be fond
to
$
^
tang
My money
He
much
hao*, to like
fei*
1
tang*
~jf
%
^
t'a
kai
liao
i*
ftfj
Much
too
ffi
tou 1
to 1
chieh*
ffi
ch'u 1
^chang*
kuo*
ff chieh*
ch'u*
"f liao
tang*
j^ yv?
p'iao*
$}
fei*
shih*
la I-
liao
ti
fa
t'a
is
borrowed.
many debts.
much money.
obliged to you.
A pawnshop. A
is
is
generally confined to thanks for favours which entail the exercise of
The
mind
rather
heart, accord injr
pawn-ticket.
very fond of reading.
Who
ought to undertake this affair ? It is he that ought to do

went on the same day (q.d., the day on which it happened).
He
2
f| ch'ien
1
|J shu
than of body (lit., I have spent your heart; or, you have expended your mind or brain on me).
to the Chinese theory, is the seat of the intellect.
06s.
ti
lent out.
This expression
Obs.
wo3
owes a great
To spend
He
fg
hao3
ljL
pen
/f
f| p'u*
cM*
Jf
it.
acts as cook.
Tang here implies either that his previous occupation was something different, or that cooking
of other crafts with which he is acquainted.
is
only one
PART
THE FOKTY EXERCISES.
III.
EXERCISE
XIII.
Expenses
fcl
To spend money
Accounts.
i.
It
69
(184).
A four-iiao note.
expenditure.
weigh it in the balance if you do
You must
know its
not
weight.
fll
The woi&ohcmg*,
by the native dictionaries; it is, however, a

and means, says a teacher, a memorandum of expenditure. Mu, the
sections, or other subdivisions.
eye, combined with chang has something of the force of our word heads, in a discourse
Obs,
very
common
as already explained, is not authorised
substitute for the correct form (146),
^
T
Hi|
^4,
tj
Hy
/v
[to
me]
i.
<>1is.
2.
use.
People:
j&n-chiit t-annot bear so
Wos
letting another
cliia,
ch'ien-
J'ulkx
have
I
it
my money
for his use.
holding people's money bring
large.
Our
daily domestic expenditure is not

4
say t'<i id (he
It is equally correct to
loves to spend) or hao*
That
(is
man
fond of spending)
spends too
be
must
nearly at an end.
capital
money.
excessive, or exceeds, yd, in the matter
i.
Too much
04s.
2.
Capital or principal
Zii., is
Hi.,
><>(>(
it
[to people] fur people's use.
and has something of the force of our word kind, though

would be a nearer rendering.
ffl
Obs.
means
generalises jen,
wide a meaning as mankind;
4.
7C
c// /e/i
fi2
//
The
getting money of >eople for my use.

2
chieh* kei 3 yen 2 ch'ien means that I am
chieh ch'icit nre = mean [that]

Jit., [the words]
Chieh kei jen ch'ien means [that I] holding my money take
jf.n-c.hia.
tt;o
am
that I
The expression:
my own
suppose he can pay that amount.
The expression
3.
A
O//x.
I don't
taels.
to
for
2. He owes different
people a great deal
of money.
He has bills outstanding to the
extent of at least (not below) one thousand
-fljjj
or stock of
moner.
of,
spending money.
much
his
TZT ERH CHI.
70
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
5.
That
is
not a dear house.
The
price
asked (or paid) for this fur cloak is very small.

That flower-vase is worth nothing.
Cotton
is
He
very low this year.
has not got a cash
to live on.
m
O'j.f.
family were
Not a
cash
lit,
he in his house one large cash even has not got. This might mean equally that his
but were it an object to isolate the individual, shou 3 li 3 in his hand, might be
in as great distress;
all
used instead of chia
li.
6.
-t
ir
Seven-tenths of those ten-cash pieces
are copper,
and three-tenths
heavier than silver; iron
is
Gold
iron.
lighter than
is
silver.
iff
ffil
06s.
i/.il.,
there
Ten-cash pieces
The second
representing ten's large cash (342).
lit.,
simplest construed as ones;
ti is
Were
there are three-tenths being iron ones.
seven-tenths being copper ones,
are
cash contained seven-tenths copper to three-tenths iron, the text might be variously modified
li-t'ou,
fen
and then proceed, ton shih
fai t'ung san fen
ch'i
t'ieh ; or, retaining
the
li-t'ou,
it
meant that each
you might omit the
proceed, yu ch'i fen t'ung san
t'ieh.
J2.
_L
441
gc
zg|
jjJU
.Z.
An
F=I
&tr
slal
Tut
lH
$H
52>
US'
if
w&
m j
06s.
IT?
paper note
cash; [in] buying things
p'iuo*-tzu
is
a paper note on which
I-
_2L
written the number of cash it is worth for

buying things it is the same as coin. He has
1S
^ ao
5^?
that coat for notes to the value of ten
pawned
^ or>
ôr a ten "^ ao
note )-
m m m
lit.,
[it is]
7'
B.
1%
IS 7
paper upon [which one] writes a number (or amount) of

one and the same fashion. Instead of i ko yang-'rh, you may read
a p'iao-tzil is a strip of
with money
[of]
shih i ko
8.
sure to
t.
to
- S
1.
Eua
2.
Ti,
lia chien-'rh:
lit.,
one's pocket.
here stands for
li.
spend
Will he
sell,
but
sell
if
that flower-vase
He
is
you want it you will have

it; he didn't buy it
pay pretty well for
cheap.
IE
a couple of cash
a Pekingese expression for putting one's
hand
in
PART
III.
No
9.
71.
one minds spending a tacl or two

(or ought) to be spent, but
when they have
nine or ten taels with you directly you

open your mouth (you are too large in your
it's
ii,
fft
06s.
Ought
perhaps slightly
ideas altogether).
IS,,
thinking of going beyond the

frontier, [where] I hear that notes are not
handy (lit., not good to use) silver being

more convenient to use, and that one will
want some small copper cash
too.
Am
I.
owe many
The frontier k'ou (Radical 30), a mouth

k'ou wai, outside a pass or gateway on the
Chinese frontier. In Peking, k'ou wai is understood to
met with
You
will certainly
cash they use [there]

used in the capital.
want some
but the
not, I fancy, the
is
the cash
Quite right;
[small
ones].
When
changing
Not only
used
cash
the
in
one gets beyond the
lend to
(lit, there's
weighed varies too
no use saying) does the
is
have heard
06s.
later.
me
I shall just, etc.
little
that
i.
2.
is
lit.,
[I will] request
money, chiu shih Kao, and
you to
that's all.
when one
much
lit., fire
much,
Obs.
i.
06s.
2.
8.
surely.
You owed:
Too much
What
Well,
is
06s.
were short
lit.,
kuo
t'ai
Avell
let's
borrowing
[to]
me.
yii i ticn-'rh, a little
say no more about
the exchange for silver to-day

Well, well, etc.:
i.
lit.,
pa
(i.e.,
the ounce of silver) change for?
Obs.
2.
9.
that then ended,
IM
the
lit.,
how many
tael
cash does silver
changes
for
over
tiao.
In that
10.
twenty
Exchange
To-day
seventeen
case
weigh
[out]
for
me
taels.
Weigh p'ing
:
Here they
184).
it.
Kao.
chin
11.
5. Living is cheap, certainly; but if you

reckon up the cart hire (lit., money) and inn
are by no means
(lit., house) money, expenses
of
too excessive.
06s.
and food (Radical
thinking
too
goes
cheaper.
are
you
you owed me long ago a good

taels
which
many
you have not paid me back
all this time
another loan would be a little
barrier (63).
Living:
So
again, eh
its
also not the same).
beyond the barrier living

Obs.
amount when
the large and small
but
(lit.,
of the p'ing, or scale,

4.
yao (32) being

which will be
If I
7.
silver gives a deal of trouble.
of silver vary,
price
if,
owe bills they must certainly be

cannot
paid.
pay them I shall just ask
you to lend me a little money.
capital are large cash, each representing ten
frontier,
be that
if it
the region beyond the Great Wall.
3.
yao shih,
If I
or pass;
2.
4
corruptly used for another word, jo ,
06s.
Obs. 2.
get back I fear you will
bills.
If
Obs.
3
liary to (241).
mean
When you
small.
6.
thinking: where this is used in the

sense of proposing to carry out a project, the word sitan,
to reckon, is commonly employed, preceded by the auxi06s.
(KEY, EXERCISE XIII.)
am
alone would be equally correct, but
Turn
1.
Kai
note the use of the two verbs with a similar meaning.

tang could also be used alone.
less forcible
(327).
are,
weighed; take them.
prosperous journey to you.

05s.
cation
is
Prosperous journey
lit.,
you on
this road a
The reduplitranquility tranquility one.

merely employed for the sake of euphony.
great great,
72
T7.
346.
Jfcf:
mei-, coal.
347.
fifc
t'an\ cliarcoal.
348. ~fe ch'ai-, fuel
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
when used with /mo3
349.
JHfl
Inn*, to discuss.
350.
2i
tan*, a corrupt
oi's/u/*.
means straw
fire, it
2
4
ptt fowl never
As
form
or reed fuel, shavings, etc.
mind; no matter.
stone (Radical 112); 100 catties are ordinarily called
a tan* or picul.
351.
Examples:
s
Q?a shao
^ pu?
|^
f,?i 4
$2 ch'ing
chung*
Where do
mai4
4
$J f'aw
fjfjo
ft
$|o ft
?j5
mi
jj
pv?
s/ti/i
4
pf iw?i
4
|& iwn
~jfa
to
s/ti/t
j^
yfcwo
^|o
2fe
sltan 1
ii
tan*
j|
?
mai4
From
the
fan*
mei2
ft
{1
4
-jj
teai
5jJ
%a3
hills.
Lit., coal, charcoal come out in what one piece, bit, or spot.
perhaps so definite. Note na i k'uni-'rh pronounced no? k'uerh.
O/,>.
i~
ck'ai2
3
^f ch'eng* fa ktw
and charcoal come from
coal
ill
JVa 3 'rh would be equally correct, but not
Fuel.
Coal and charcoal are sold by weight.

06s.
Lit., passing the beam sold.
Rice
is
06s.
Lit.,
No
by the picul.
reckoning the picul sold.
sold
matter whether
352.
mien*,
;|
353. yft yu?,
means
No
or few.
matter whether light or heavy.
flour.
oil.
2
chih 1 properly, the plant of immortality used with ma the following character,
z
1
l
sesame, and is pronounced chih -ma the chih being emphasised.
354.
it
many
'
355.
356.
359.
360.
ma' (Radical 200), hemp.
fang
357.
358.
yen
.
ts'u
2
,
sugar.
salt.
coarse.
/(i 4 , fine.
Examples:
M,hsi*
i ma
fang'
s
f^ ni
nuen4
-it'O
ffl te'w
/tsiew
chih 1
2
^ mei
cAe
TART
Vegetable
foreign salad
made from
oil,
Our salt here is coarse, not

White sugar is nice to eat.
Twine
is
coarse
the seeds of certain vegetables.
^f
t'ang\ broth.
362.
fj|j
chi 1 chicken
,
It
is
also
used to denote
vermicelli.
so fine as yours.
is fine.
as chi l -tzu3
'rh, fowls'
eggs.
tzu.
Emphasise
fflj
means
colloquially often
cotton thread
361.
363.
73
Flour.
Note that mien used alone
N.B.
FORTY EXERCISES.
oil.
Sesame.
Obs.
TH1C
III.
nai3 milk.
,
364. ?jk kuo
Also, in certain combinations, a strong affirmative
fruit.
certainly
if
indeed.
365.
2
IH man
Foreign bread
bread, or steamed dumplings.
The term
man2-t'ou
caused paste
has
a head
as man^-t'ou, Chinese
origin in an incident in Chinese history, a certain general having
its
when
t'ou
generally called mien*-pao*, flour balls, or rolls.
is
to be substituted for the
effigies
propitiatory sacrifice
Commonly used with
a dumpling.
human heads
was customary
it
to offer as a
crossing a river in the country of the southern savages, in which he
was operating.
366.
367.
|&
shv?, ripe
iffij
tuan 1
Hence, accustomed
cooked.
in combination, morally upright
2
Vulgarly, shou
familiar.
to place properly.
368. Hfc ch'd*, to remove.
369.
Examples:
-Jo tzu
%% t'ang
3
A; no
7JC
j|
||
Chicken soup.
Obs.
When
mo
fE
2
s/mi
Awn, 1
kit,o
^
T
Pf k'o
ti
tziL
shou
.& yeh
tou
~f liao
1
$& tuan
liao
chin*
o
chai 1
hsia*
eke*
"f
Jisia*
ch'ii*
shu
$
^
c/w a3
chi
shan
nais
she"-
fan*
2
Goat's milk.
the food
You can also say k'ai (serve it up).

it up.
"
" serve
k'ai fan to
dish up."
In the second sentence, iai
and
up,"
ready, serve (tuan)
is
Tuan fan
is, strictly speaking, to

implies the act of bringing to the table as well.
Take away these books and things.

And things lit, and what ones.
06s.
That fruit is ripe pluck some.
:
Obs.
Chai', to pluck (298).
Fresh
Obs.
fruit.
shuo 1
#ft
fang
Dry
fruit.
In Peking the term shui
Jam.
kuo-tzft, is
applied only to plums.
10
74
TZtJ
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
EXERCISE XIV.
Fowls' eggs. Cows' milk. Lamp oil.

The food is cooked [so badly] that
uneatable take it away at once. Lamp oil
i.
Sweet
tu
it is
yft
is
lie
oil.
made from
mineral
2.
ffl
oils
the bean
come out
bought
sweet
oil
from sesame
of the ground.
three hundred
yesterday
catties of coal, fifty catties of charcoal, eighty
Jr
hundred
catties of fuel, four piculs of rice,
*s
it
'J5
co
When
catties of flour.
îe
"
c 01 181
and two
the weather
f coa l an(l charcoal
!^ 011
is larger.
3.
Most stoves of stove-beds burn coal
in
a chafing-dish one uses charcoal. A chafingdish is for use in a room it is not meant [for]
;
cooking food or heating water with.
|i
.
-fe
'
JlJ
$.
-pE
^tb
^S
cat.
i|
fix!
-ffi
^
6x1
1
Things to be eaten are either sheng
(raw) or shou? (cooked) all that are prepared

2
the sheng 1 ts'ai*
fire are shou (cooked)
;
over a
are vegetables
that
may
IS
natural state.
/{*.,
A-
0*
^7?
A\
-4r
JgC
tt
'Mo
fW
Jit
jgf
jig
^5
5-
You go and buy me
&
rfc.
"?"
$n
is
$k
buy milk by the
rr
cheap.
In this part of the world we do not

catty, but by the cup or
bottle.
xa.
Milk by the catty
lit.,
a chicken and
three or four eggs. Do you want any milk as

I should like a few catties of milk if it
well ?
m
Obs.
be eaten in their
the sheng ts'ai are [these; such as] growing out of the ground [man] thereon (or
In Peking the term sheng ts'ai is confined to such vegetables as are never cooked.
Obs. -Natural state:
immediately) can
Qy,
^jf
fjQj
4.
you do not consider
(or reckon) the catties'
number.
PART
III.
generally bought by the piece.

get the food ready directly, and as
Fruit
6.
Go and
soon as
06s.--Foo<l ready:
tc,
having achieved that which
is
75-
it is
is
it
ready put
in course of preparation.
on the
table.
The expression
li
liao is used of
several other operations completed.
Pi
ff-
SI
Do you
7.
I like broth.
prefer bread or rice?
What kind
of broth
meat soup or chicken broth
Prefer: ai might also be rendered,
Obs.
what
are
^^55-îP1/\^^
'
Bfl
ft
*r
A^
Ig
*
Pen
This year
on coal and
8-1 P urP s e asking some people to dinner

to-morrow; what had I better give them to
?
Anything
not
fuel.
have spent no
The
much "kindling"
little
fire
I.
in the
market
3.
have spent,
etc.:
lit.,
my
this year's coal
133).
which
all
can be used in the kitchen too.

06s.
Much cheaper chien to cho ni.
:
to explain the use of cho in this connexion

to act as an intensive,
and
said
It
;
is difficult
it
appears
to be
a corruption of cho shih*, in very truth, an expression
that will be met with later.
See Note on cho at the close
of Exercise
XL.
they are
(lit,
all
people of
By no means
182) not wrong.
badly
This use of tao
:
lit.,
is
on the reverse (too 4 ,
perhaps a colloquial-
ism peculiar to Peking, but, like many idiomatic expressions of a similar nature,
it
is
considered by northerners
as indispensable to fluency of diction ; it would not be

incorrect to omit the tao, but the sentence would have an
unfinished sound.
auxiliaries
It is the judicious use of these little
that just
makes the
difference
between a
and an awkward speaker.
because you burn the best
comes from beyond the frontier.

burn charcoal, which is much cheaper; it
coal,
is
badly.
fluent
That
them
hear your cook cooks by no means
Obs.
(lit,
money spent not little. Huo, short for ch'ai huo.

Obs. 2.
Note yu (Radical 29), also, besides.
Obs. 3.
At the very least diHi* shao 3 (Radical
2.
for
EXERCISE XIV.)
(!VEY,
money
price of coal keeps
1
produced, ch'u ); my monthly expenditure
must be at the very least thirteen dollars.
06s.
do
only used of blood relations.
is
getting dearer every day, and, besides, there

is
will
our own immediate belongings

our own family stock).
a*
chia
Turn
1
Either
suits me.
in the habit of eating?
eat
A
06s.
you
Neither;
?
is
by the teachers
Yes, he does; the soup and butter

puddings he makes are very good indeed.
4.
Suppose you dine here

Here (to the servant) !
Tell the cook
things.
at
my
place to-day.
Bring the [dinner]

to make a chicken
raw vegetable chicken), with a mixture of eggs and sweet oil; tell him to use
salad
(lit.,
fine salt,
not coarse.
want
also every
kind
76
of
and
fruit,
them
tell
him
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL
be careful to buy
to
ripe.
Obs.
3
(tien
mix
Butter puddings
i.
milk
lit.,
With
2.
a mixture
lit.,
oil
pudding
That
is
like to drink water.
one place
name given
is
the ripe distinction
lit.,
a localism.
to a light
is
yellow wine,
the
wine that the Chinese commonly
drink at their principal meal.
We
have eaten a very good dinner

to-day and drunk lots of wine; the fire, too,
burns with plenty of warmth what more can
7.
Ripe: shou* /c
3.
Wine: huang* chiu 3
Obs.
using eggs and sweet
(huo<, 210) together (i k'uai-rh, in
This
one's.
because he learnt badly. Please

take some wine I remember that you don't
6.
p. 52).
or piece).
06s.
(SKUII'.S.
hsin', Exercise IX, Eng., 11, Obs.
06s.
oil
&RH
TZtJ
This dinner I must say is excellent.

my cook is no use he has not the least
5.
Now
06s.
Lots:
turn for cooking.
bit of a
06s.
turn for: pen 3 shih<;
lit.,
lit.,
very enough (Radical 157).
root matter.
This does not mean, as might be supposed from

tion,
we two want
its
forma-
inborn qualities, but acquired ones.
370. Jj^ ching
1
,
371. jfl
yuan
the capital of a
far.
Yiian^chin*, in combination, means distance
372. J|E chin*, near.

373.
a road
lu*,
ancient or modern.
state,
to
3
yuan how
,
far.
a way.
2
374. jit chih straight.
,
375. fj| jao*, winding.
376. Examples
mo
4fr
kao*
U*r
jao*
fife
chiao 4
t'a
tsa
tsou
chi 3
li
Obs.
How
j|[
lu*,
to the capital
it
far?
how many
lit.,
li
[how]
li.
Peking, Nanking, Tokio.

near.
^t I96 *
&
ching
if
n7i2
chih
Is
it
far
yilan
p-U?
^
^
M
M
5i,'''^
3
1 *'
^y
-f1
ching
1
iltTJf/
W
AP
_^
ao *
ching
s/w/t
to
yw-
to
yuan
When speaking of short distances, yu 3

land
or water.
by
many
of road, whether
More than eighty
Very
chin*
JM C/mi*
far is
y^ lu*
AeV
cho
How
Aching
far?
to 1
shao 3 In*
is
often used, or
PART
him
III.
77
straight in and tell me.

Obs.
Had the sentence ran, he came straight in and told me, SM should be followed by shuo,
Suppose we take a roundabout in this direction.
Tell
Obs.
come
to
The pa
"what do you think?"
at the close of this sentence has the force of
i.e.,
to speak.
expresses a doubt as to
the willingness of the person addressed to comply with the suggestion.
377.
ho'
378.
$$
hai 3 the
a river.
379. i|| pien
sMn
380. '$?
381.
sea.
side.
deep
ch'ien
morally, profound.
shallow.
commonplace
Morally,
chik 1 numerative of ships, also of
382.
not profound.
many
other things, such as oxen, sheep, and
chickens.
ch'uan 2 a ship or boat.
383.
$a
384.
Examples:
>p shao
4
$5 na
ti
ft
&
ti
fang
\j
'rh
^ yu?
ti
t'ov?
51
yu
3
|(j
ft 'rh
jfe
t'iacr
ft chitt
_t shang*
4
ffa chiu
?PJ
ho 2
k'an4
shen 1
yu
chien 4
ti
ch'ien*
~J liao
ch'uan'2 Hf mien*
3
ft ivo
tsai
ft
'///,
3
j@ hai
1
pien
There are three ships on the sea.

Ubs.
Hai mien-'rh implies distance.
I
was on the shore and saw them
saw them from the
or, I
shore.
In that river there are shallow places and deep.

How many kinds of fish are there in the sea ?
4
385. ijp
i'*;
386.
jjfi
tien*,
387.
^ chang
&'o
4
,
a stranger.
a large shop
3
,
an
MvPk'o, a customer.
inn.
the palm of the
4
388. fl5 kuei the counter
.
Also, a guest; a passenger; a traveller.
hand
till
to superintend.
a cupboard
a Avardrobe.
389.
sT
390.
Examples
chi*, to
to count.
ji swan
chi*
reckon
^f*
sfiou
chang*
^; cliang*
shou3
mu*
;jjo
Asin 1
flti^
JH '^^^
^'u&i
chang
4
|g kuei
fj.
//('

wttif
vxm<f'
78
EEH
TZfr
COLLOQUIAL SERIKS.
CHI.
Passing strangers.
Ch'a-tien
06*.
A
till
is
tea-shop.
"
not a
wardrobe.
An
the
restaurant.
tea-house."
till.
inn manager, or cashier of a shop
q.d.,
the person
who
holds or superintends (cliang)
(kuei).
The centre of the palm.
The palm of the hand.

To do accounts.
06s.
You
can also say suan chang.
391.
ttli
neng-, to be able.
392. l?f
nan2
393.
;j[j
pei
394.
5c
shou*, to receive
395.
JR
lei*,
396.
t*j
397.
J|)
A
,
south.
north.
entanglement
k'v?, bitterness
to suffer
hence used in many passive formations.
to entangle
to trouble.
mental or physical
bitter; grief;
to connect
even.
Often employed as the conjunction and.
Examples:
pg
2/
i*
lien*
~f
Kao
.&
scm 1
i*
5g Ueri*
ajs
ko*
ch'a?
/P
p 1*
3
2/e/i
/,:'%*
|g
^
When you went
It
Went
to sea
to sea last year did

lit.,
jj(
k'u
nt~P a
any hardship
T&
?
sea.
Rest a
06s.
bit.
Pa
is
here an invitation
cannot even drink
There was (or
Rain
O'/.-.-.
fell for
hsieh hsieh alone or hsieh cho
tea.
not even a single
is)
is
man
to be seen.
three days consecutively.
Consecutively
lit.,
one connexion
i.e.,
without a break.
equally admissible.
ch'u *
fg
chen 1
s
4
J& Zw
5i '^l
lien
fft
i2
hsieh 1
2
lei*
~J liao
^ /a
suffer
hsing
was truly misery the whole voyage.

jHsV or hsing (Radical 160).
06s.
you
walked or travelled the
Mfe
%e%
P^.Ao
06s.
suffering.
hsieh 1 to rest.
398. yj& lien-, to join

399.
shou*
PART
III.
79
EXERCISE XV.
A
i.
straight
road
is
the shortest;
winding road is longer (or, as to distance, the

straight road there is the shortest).
North,
south, east,
To
and
west.
cross a river.
To be on board a
There are a good
ship.
many
passengers on board that ship (or boat).

Obs. I.
A straight road, etc. lit., if you reckon (suan-chi} the distance (yuan-chin) of a road,
walk straight than to go by a circuitous route.
Obs. 2.
Note the order in which the Chinese enumerate the points of the compass.
:
to
We
2.
morning
ft
Obs.
i.
Set
' >!>.*.
2.
The
sail
first
lit.,
is
open the boat;
thing
lit.,
the
first
q.d., let
early
is
nearer
to-morrow
The water
the South.
rivers is shallower
than that of the
in
sea.
the
He
a southerner.
her loose from her moorings.
the
moment
it is early.
When you went
to
Peking last year

where did you live ? I stopped at an inn. I
have heard it said that the inns outside the
3.
set sail the first thing
for
it
some of them not very good to stay

That is all according as the inn-keeper is
city are
&ft
ft
JK
06.9.
at.
a good or a bad one; in my opinion, when

one is tired any place is good; all you go to
an inn for is to rest yourself.
A
All you
o, etc.
lit.,
[the object of] going to an inn [is] not
more than
to rest [<T resting],
and there
an end.
Do you
4.
a boat
am
in
prefer travelling by cart or in

That depends upon the country I
there are no carts in the South, and
travellers all
are larger.
*&. ft
The
go by water.
in river-travelling are small
vessels used
sea-going vessels
80
ERH
CHI.
'/$
ffi
ra
tot
Jf
A*
ffi.
Jj^
fi
T/l
A
^
^
$
jt>
ifc
&
a
til
**
In the voyage you made by sea, sir,

last, you had a hard time of
5-
ê
vear before
hadn't you?
I had; it blew hard, and
the ship got ashore on the coast of Shantung; all of us who were on board suffered
it,
ifl
in
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
terribly.
This abridged form is slightly less courteous than the

lao, short for ni lao hsien-shtng.
3
very commonly used. The student should bear in mind that the simple pronoun ni is only
used when addressing inferiors, or persons with whom the speaker is on intimate terms nin is more frequently used
in Peking than ni lao.
Obs.
i.
Sir
longer address, but
ni
it is
hsiug k'u
^
-JU
ô
Obs. 2.
Hard time
06s. 3.
Got ashore
lit.,
06s. 4.
Dreadfully:
lit.,
is
verbalised
by
&
6*1
F?f
>&
"*
jStft
Wt
Tit
B4
06s.
that
it is
flKl
i.
lit.,
you
were the recipient
shott,
of,
suffered, trouble.
some accident] put the ship on a shoal [place].

we, those persons=I and the others there, were troubled infinitely.
[the wind, or
The
adjective
ti.
&
*5c
~H
W
&4
f^4
The people
jJt
tj-
T_*
"vs
At
ilft
Who
6.
looks after the messing on board
The people of the ship look after it.

hip
rpjie kgg^ man j n a jj 0a
jg
ca n_ e( j kuan 3 s
_L
j.
w&
JL>
$& ^
;H
of the ship
P2
ch'uan
*
ch'uan chia; those
-'rh-ti
in the
South he
called lacP-
is
a* (Anglic^, lowdah).
who make
ch'uan, the boat, chia, their home.
Yeh implies
their business to look after the meals as well as other things.
06s. 2.
Note kuan 3
to look after (117).
j.
Which do you
consider costs most,
by water or
travelling in a cart?
travelling
ft
One spends more travelling in a cart. Nonsense how can a cart be dearer than a boat ?
You don't understand; most of the carts in
1315
the North are put up in the cart inns, and if

you want to employ carts the inn-keeper must
then there are the
also make his squeeze
ft
ft.
tit
06s.
i.
One spends
daily inn expenses en route which you have

not taken into account.
m
ft
so pronounced, should be written hua te, the construction

ti, though commonly
compared with sitting in a ship, [one] hua te, succeeds in expending (comes to spend),
hua
being, literally, sitting in a cart
more money.
06s.
2.
Nonsense
06s.
3.
Squeeze
lit.,
not existing talk
you
what does not exist.

when placed as here means
talk about
the word shih, properly, to use,
to use another's
money, of
course unfairly.
06s. 4.
travel
Travelling expenses
backwards and forwards
expenses
when
travelling to
p'an* fei
to go to
and
and from a place
P'an is, properly, a circular dish, bowl, or plate

when loading or unloading a vessel. P'an fei
fro, as
hence, travelling expenses generally.
it
also
means to
are therefore the
PART
Turn
III.
the
At the present moment the capital is in

the North and is called Peking. Several hundred years ago there was also a capital in the
1
was the
it
city
now
Obs.
i.
Present moment:
06s.
2.
Now
went
2.
ling
into the city with him.
Obs.
Consequently
chiu.
8.
bigger than a river.
The sea
sizes.
Rivers are not so deep
bank of a
(the
pie-'rh
river),
pie-'rh (the sea-shore), both refer to the
water at the side
5.
by
hai3
will
very deep.
In
man who
superintends or
in a cart,
^Q
hsiang
z
,
plums
is
a high
in either case one
One year we were

and while we were on the
have a bad time of
06s.
In a journey by boat there is no necesfor

sity
putting up at an inn, but going by
li
heavy rain
it.
man
selling food
we were very
and dreadfully fatigued.

Evenwe
an
came
to
where
we
a
rested
inn,
tually
night and recovered.
6.
opinion, to go by boat and by

good [ways of travelling]. In a
distressed
all small.
400.
the
the manager of
also a chang3 -
my
not) even one
ships one goes by on the sea

the boats which sail on rivers are
lit.,
is
road the rain began to fall. During the whole

journey we did not fall in with (lit., there was
The
boat.
Manager:
travelling in a cart,
The
who journey by water must go
People
are large
wind
shallow, but everywhere
is
it is
is
boat the one thing one has to fear
ground
at the side of a river or of the sea.
in the middle
less
cart.
chan(f-kuei*-ti
cart are both
as the sea.
Ho 2
is
controls matters.
Rivers are of different
4.
the price of a boat, too,
In an inn there
a shop.
quently very long.
is
The
7.
The
I went by was straight and very short;

he went by a winding road, which was conse-
3.
by boat
109).
road
Obs.
must put up
than that of a
hsiaf (223).
under the eye (Radical
lit.,
V.)
at an inn every day,

a
of
which costs
lot
money. Estimating the
cost of the two, one spends less money travel-
called Nanking.
fc'e
(KEY, EXERCISE X
cart one
South
81
The one
thing, etc.: chiu shih p'a.
Note
this fresh use of chin.
but in the phrase hsing--li s baggage, corruptly used for some other
character.
401.
402. 'gj
sha-rig*,
or
pao
403.
pao
ch'i
a trunk
a box.
Alone,
a bundle (pao l -'rh).
1
,
lai
3K t ai*>
404. til,
405.
To make
tzti after
it.
into a bundle, pao^ shang*
pao
-'rh,
chan 1
fan3 a
,
takes
a bag
^,
it
a purse.
felt
Commonly used with
k'ou 3 a mouth.
,
or similar fabrics.
carpet or rug
as
mao*
t'an s -tzit, a woollen or hair carpet.
11
pao
TZU ERH CHI.
82
406.
-flj
pu
cotton
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
fabrics.
Also, as will be seen later, to spread out
k'ou3
fy
to arrange
to distribute.
407.
Examples:
^
3p
fit
^
;$L
t'tm 3
tzii
tai
IfJi
p'u
tsai
mi
'^
?R
4
k'ng
_t shang*
:}JJ
pa
ti*
2j o
ft pu*
hsiao
>J>
4
shih
fJL ts'u
l]lf|
so.71
chan
jig
mao*
S
$ pen
*
pao
J
1
fH p'ien
fa^ti
lai 2
$j
2
ch'i
che
f@ ko
fa p'i
ffijtsiang
&
fjjj
shang
li
^f- a tzii
~$.
^sing
î
Plums.
leathern box (portmanteau).

Wrap up these clothes.
Note
06s.
Baggage.
che ko with a plural word.
Felt caps are cheap.

Native cotton fabrics are coarse.
Native
Obs.
original, proper, or indigenous to, the locality.
lit.,
Three bags of
millet.
Spread the carpet on the k'ang.

408. f|e ivei 4 to feed animals.
,
409. ||
described in native dictionaries as a white horse with a black
lo*,
mane
conver-
sationally, only used with the following.
410.
fl|fc
t'o
the camel with two humps, known to us as the Bactrian camel, and
to carry on the back, as a beast a burden.
called lo*-t'o 2
commonly
N.B.
411.
412.
Examples
sheny
HJ
lo*.
Emphasise
fa
hui
2
JJj}
inao-
5^0 'rh
t'a
lo
$.
^'
t'o
to
06s.
horse
tei
!^ sheng
ft hao
ft hao
fa 'rh
nien 2
$J
jji
come and
Teh the ma-/u

lit.,
t'o
i
Ma-fu:
Rarely used alone, and generally with k'ou, a mouth.
cattle; beasts.
man
ti
wei 4
k'ou
shih
ctiang'
ch'i
ti
2
j^ mei
a
4
Jg che
feed the horse.
catties of coal.
constantly ridden he must be well fed.

Camels cast their coats once a year.
This beast
Obs.
Lit.,
is
camels one year put
off
one time wool.
Jp chin
(239).
That camel has a load of 400
pai
"g
2
|$
na4
**<"'
4
^
fa
cho
;ff
f@ ko
1
lo
t'o
|^
t'o
PJj-
<-h!</t_>
,^
ma
fu
2
J!
PART
413. {iU
kr'ii,
preposition -with
414. 3$:
the heel
as ken
pan
wo
of an official of rank
common
set of persons organised to act together, as
any
a set of chair-bearers, a guard,
Ken -panl -ti

l
etc.
a general servant or valet
usage, kHn -pa -'rh-ti
are other terms for domestics,
415. 5J
c/i.tutng
416. ^f?
tai*,
to
is
the place of the
go with me.
ch'u*,
properly,
83
It often takes
hence, to follow, to accompany.
III.
or ken^-pa^-'rh-ti, the
also called hsia4 jen?
is
a troop of players,
servant or servants
(lit.,
under man).
the term applied to the servants of foreigners in Peking
which
will
put into
be met with
By
there
later.
to contain.
a girdle (with tz&); to lead; to bring;
also, as will
be seen
later,
a stretch
or strip of country, etc.

4
a beast's load.
417.
H^
418.
Examples
to
met*
#0
yy?
hsia 4
i4
na4
jf
1
1| chih
mo
f@ ko*
3$ na*
^
$
j$ ck'uari*
chuang
$f hao
~f liao
My
servant has
06*.
Go
To,,
with
ch'ii
tung
|f.,
hsi 1
lai 2
Jfc,,
#[>
wai*
tai 4
ffl;
in3
Sj|
feW
~f liao
cM 4
hsiung
J- tzu
ti
wo
i*
_t shang*
chuang $j ya?
wo3
ft
ti
1
$& ken
jfc
pan
gC p'i
ffl
ti
ma?
s
^J ta
/mi 2
meV2
f^
ifg
/p pv?
come back from beyond the
k'ov?
frontier with a horse.
here a preposition, from.
me
to the
yamen.
This box won't hold

Obi.
to
Won't hold
Is that ship
these things.
all
lit, put into not
loaded yet
down.
(Is the
loading of
it
completed (hao liao)
? )
*K^
419. jg. chui 1
shang
4
,
to
pursue
to follow
up
to prosecute, as a claim or an inquiry.
Chui 1
to overtake.
420.
but also means
421.
kun3
also to pursue.
to drive
^ /man
4
,
as
kan
ch'e
to call aloud
422. $ff wv?, not to be
It
1
,
appears to have
to drive a cart
much
s
kan iu
2
,
the same sense as the preceding,

to drive a donkey.
4
commonly combined with chiao
not to have.
The opposite
of
yu
to call.
to be
to have.
TZU BRH CHI.
84
423. Îj
commonly,
li*,
following character, hai

424.
to catch
an
425.
liai
hence, with
Properly, sharp-edged;
4
Also, to receive or suffer injury, etc.; as hai ping*, to get
p'a
be
to
afraid.
Examples:
li
f[
-fg
ts'o*
fe
wu
je*
te
tsai*
men
c/i'e
na*
Jean 3
ti
fij^
ni 3
ch'u4
hsiri1
i'a
jifi
Go
him
after
carter.
PJj-
chiao*
&
Pfeo
huan4
t?
hsieh 1
chui 1
'rh
,t'a
s/mi
die*
Tim
quickly.
herd-boy.
Let us get on quicker.
Who
calling (or crying) out there
is
The day
is
terribly hot.
His error was unintentional.
Not a cloud
round.
all
426. Learn also the following
5fjC
ch'iu 1
ch'uri1 spring.
,
ria
4
,
summer.
427. Examples
tung
2
;
4p nien?
4jS
tung
J
Ji
Spring
is
Summer
ch'u 4
nien2
hsia
tung
t'ien
t'ien
In autumn cool breezes begin to blow.
Winter
is
cold.
Next
winter.
winter.
Jcua 1
hot.
Last summer.
autumn.
Jisla
ch'un 1
warm.
is
ming
Bf)
the
terrible, terribly.
advantage.
profit;
hai 4 harm; hurt.
illness
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
ch'P
Hang
f*ng
t'ien 1
ti
shih
hou
t'ien
nunn*
cl'lu
ill,
PART
III.
85
EXERCISE XVI.
That
i.
cannot carry
these
all
is
too heavy a load; one animal

It will be difficult to carry
it.
things.
What
are
* P
carry
ff 2
them
The
2.
easily enough.
expression
will
hold
some
of leather,
all sorts
Trunks
some of wood, and
of things.
Pao shang pao l -'rh

1
3.
is
to
(to
make a
What have you brought
4.
To put odds and ends
7 P
into.
bundle)
has
He
things in anything.
wrap up
wrapped up that small box in a
IB
rug.
that bag for ?

a journey
On
the beasts have to be fed as soon as one

arrives at an inn.
tt
06s.
comprises
Jtsing-li
whatever a traveller carries with him.

are made,
*.
you talking
about? pack them in a box and you can
Note the
force of chin,
as
soon as;
lit.,
arriving at an inn one
must then and there (chin) feed
the animals.
Camels all come from beyond the fronTake care of the baggage; when the
5.
tier.
packages are
all there,
don't get off quickly, I

save the gates.
we
am
will start.
afraid
we
If
we
sha'n't
P
06s.
i.
All there
Ois.
2.
Get
06s.
3.
Save the gates
off,
lit., if
start
in before the gates are shut.
the baggage be
lit.,
:
raise the
lit.,
all rh'i,
body
</.<i,
shall not catch
complete (Radical 210).
to be on the move.
up the
city wall
i.e.,
shall not reach the city in time to get
86
EKH
TZtj
CHI.
;|{|[lfi3ifef;fJ^fl'j3jS-{|6
-ft.
-y
Q.I
^* r j_
.
vjj
JL
~J
5-
SI
#B
Obs.
$y
fftJ
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
-pan
are
they
who take
but the cart had started and he could
carts),
not catch
Tc$n
orders (your servants). He ordered a servant

to put his box (or boxes) into the cart (or
In southern "mandarin" an individual servant
i.
The
6.
it
up.
spoken of
is
us a Lr it-pan; in
Peking as ken-pan-ti,
or oftener, ken-jta-'rh-ti.
Take orders
Obs. 2.
;6
lit.,
are those
whom
IP?
'a
tt-ti
Et
fg=
57C
'X
J&
1r>lH
^c
!jc
15
T M m
rVj
"T
^li
"
"F"
1^
PJ
_&.
ffl"
_.
^Bl
06s.
i.
O6.f. 2.
'1*
^
M
Afe
WC
ffi
44 ^
i-i
calls.
The things which a beast bears on its

back are called a to*-tzti.
One may speak
7-
O f an ass or a
horse
mu
je
^ O 4.i
^ but seldom
of a
to*-totf.
-*-'
^
^
DLH H
[one] sends and
AJ
PH
5v
M. $E
3& <&
^t
Ifc
A good while
A great distance
:
lit.,
3& 8
W
J
see
*,
not
After I
8.
had gone out
his servant
came
a ^ er me> k ut though he pursued me for a

good while he did not overtake me; I did
him at a great distance running, but

know he was after me.
did
half the day.

lao, old, is
sometimes used as an adverb of intensity
you can say
also loo 3 taao 3
ti,
very early.
fift
lUi
H
_U
s&
HBH
h
_U
Avft
IH
jfct.
t/v
pjB
"7Ci
BR
WH 9
Sfr^%B*i-IHft4ll'tel
*E
o J
:S:
^
W
H
h-S-W^^P
$ mo 3= & }> M
#
T. si f& a
15
ife
TSft
at
Obs.
.A.
^5T
i.
2.
Fast enough:
As hard
as
lit.,
early)
that
not be possible to overWhether he is to be overtaken or
I fear it will
ta^ e
not,
you just run
'
lit.,
after
him
as hard as
can
running quickly you will be able
you can:
He
man?
has gone
out; if you run fast [enough] you wiU be able
He is gone some time (lit,
to overtake him.
is
"
7i
06s.
"flfc
Where
9-
to achieve
quick running pursue [him], then
it
coming up with him.

will be right (or well).
you
PART
Turn
1.
on
the
III.
Everyone, no matter who, when going

must take baggage with him.
a journey
The cart will soon be here get your

The bundle of
luggage and boxes ready.
clothes and the bag have still to be made up.
2.
Obs.
Get ready to? lien 3 (lit., beat and point) to
3
3
arrange and check off. Tien , short for tien shu-'rh, to
count or check the number.
:
be called a
The carpet on the floor of this room

dusty, it must be taken out and beaten;
the table-cloth is very dirty, too, and will
06s.
Is
dusty
Note the repetimark the
liao t'u lino.
yu
tion of the particle liao, which does not here
past tense, but

4. Tell
is
simply a
the
final expletive.
ma-fu
to feed
the animals.
06s.
i.
06s.
2.
So:
going out in a little while, and I don't

want anybody with me tell my boy to pack
up the things I am taking with me.
shant/ signifying the completion of the act.
Wei
O6s.
Obs.
With
2.
for
me
Long
are called to*-tzu.
There are donkey
and mule
a camel's [load]
to*-tzu
428.
Jjji
jvio 3
the brains,
to -tzti
may
also
not a great kung-fit, while.
06s.
i.
06s.
2.
For me
little
you must
money:
verb
431.
IH yen3
432.
ijpj
to s
a bud
ching
1
,
9.
He
06s.
lips.
435. f|f hv?, the beard or moustache.
lit,,
two
this
is
indicated here
by the
a dreadful fellow.
is
Hao, good,
is
often used as a substitute for
very.
Summer
dreadfully hot; winter is

terribly cold these are expressions for great
heat and great cold. The seasons when it is
is
neither hot nor cold are spring and autumn.

06s.
often used with the following
433. P|f tsui 3 the mouth.

434. 'ff ch'uri2 the
lia ch'ien-'rh;
Expressions: hwt'ou-'rh;
followed by
tai*,
tit.,
heads of
a bag,
it
talk.
means
only used for the
is
hu3
a tiger, etc.
worn by the Chinese.
the pupil of the eye.
employ
positively get
the lobe of the ear.
the eye
to
come.
lai, to
the head, but, with the exception of the human head, the term nao tai*
heads of animals whose names are composed of more than one word, as lao-
430.
want
cash.
little
go to
money
no matter whether he says he has
when used with tzu; when
429. jj^ pien 4 the pigtail or queue
hurry
him and borrow a
10.
5. For carrying things about with one

animals are always used in the North they
or has not got any,

a small loan for me.
Mn,
Mn.
kind or fashion.
have a small matter
8.
sheng-
k'ou would be equally correct.
keep
him and tell him I have some more

things to give him to take.
Feed the beasts: pa sheny-k'ou wei shang;
i.
after
06s.
is
He
7.
this
lit.,
Not keep up lit., follow not up.

has not been gone out long
am
T'o^-chiao* (a litter)
up with you.
you on
to be washed.
to*-tzu.
chiao*-tzu (sedan-chair) carried by mules.

6. You walk so
quickly I cannot
is
have
(KEY, EXERCISE XVI.)
3.
87
the numerative of wells.
88
ERH
TZfr
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
436. Examples:
R| tsutf
ti
(ft
li
|i
fg fan*
ch'un 2
shang
1
ft chih
yen
$fc
|
/ma4
f
jg man*
s/mo 1
Ufc
/fu
|g
Iff
|g<, ^wftTi
-^ teS
91 fewi
fa
flfc
pien
^ fa
ti
erh 3
to
ft
3
1
8|
i'mfl
pu
fjf
ggotai
1
fa s/m
s
f /tao
'
-^
fswi
nao 3
4
t'iao*
fj
5J|
to?
^ pteTi
Jf^ c/ieW
-ô teit
4
ft to
te'it
fa
~j*
liao
2
gf <'ou
big head.
When you
His ear
is
have combed your hair well, do it into a pigtail.

incorrect or, he does not hear distinctly.
Sec 241.
One eye.
To plait the queue.
The hair on the
He
lip is short.
fair.
speaks
Don't speak with your mouth
437. )]& ko
ke
properly, the armpit
arm
438. Tlf pei*, the

439. *fe chih
or toe.
not used alone.
in general.
the finger; to point to; to point out; to point
Note the change of

440. If? ch
full.
Chihl -chia3 the
the nails.
ia*,
ChiW-t'ou, the finger
at.
tone.
,
nails,
whether of the hand or
Note the
foot.
tone of chih, which must be emphasised.

441. llS yuo
442.
the loins
Examples
3
g tuan
4f.
pu*
fa
chao'
fyt'a
That man's arm
s
3% ivo
6^
ti
%$
lco
Pe ^
is
it
me
yu
;o /c'cm4
t'iao 2
3
j$
t'ui
ffi
ton 1
!% yao
3
fi li
llang^
3
it tsou
JfJ
%
^
yu
mei 2
ch'ien 2
ffi
gf
yung*
chih
t'ou"
j% chih
$fo
kei 3
3
$5 ivo
1
$}, ts'u
fft
(ft
ti
chih
fj[
na*
fg ko*
A
1
Jen
ti
chia 3
l
%& ko
k'uai*
pei
thick.
Point
with your
Have you any money

Lit., in
legs.
jig
nails are sharp.
06s.
the
~fo liao
Your
out to
na
the waist.
t'iw\ the thigh
Jjj|
443.
in
finger.
your waistbelt
your waist ; a Chinaman's purse
is
attached to his girdle.
Both
My
my legs are tired out with walking.

arm is short I cannot get hold of him.
;
2
444. Jpo chieh to knot, bind, or collect together; hence, to conclude, to finish.
When
used with the following as an adjective, it means substantial, strong, or vigorous, and is pronounced
,
chieW-shih1
N. B.
The
chieh
must be emphasised.
PART
445.
nhi/r, true
Jf
447.
solid, as
to hollow.
opposed
89
Shih- tsai 4 in reality; truly; really.

,
soft.
weak.
JJJJ ./</,
448. -pK
talons
:l
>?i
446. ff|
sound
III.
to catch or
clinch,
claw hold
of,
as a
man
with his hand, or a bird with
its
to clutch.
449. ifu la 1 , to pull
450.
to drag.
451.
Examples
dictionaries give a different
la
ifi
fi
$>;-
ft cAw*
''""
^P F'-
HoP*
''"'
J
fife,
In
t'a
am weak
jj|
The horse
is
Haul that
table over.
ff
to this character, but
"
&
jf^ p'a<>
3
jja
:fJ
J|)
1
i'ri
jjjj
ft
jg jo*
Ai/t
.^
tzti,
Jo
chieh
cho 1
J^ cfewa
fQ p a*
J4
not so strong as I was
going to bolt hold on to him.
this year
chiuii*
ô shang1
ftlj,
&
kuo 4
i>'
flfc
To '*""
sound
as above.
is
4
ft f/m
ft wo*
ft
The
to haul at.
chiidi*,
the colloquial pronunciation
J|Fj
ft
*i
3
2/
nien 2
a4
?o
$^
jniur'
last year.
Don't drag him, or you may tear his clothes.

He grasped me by the hand.
iti*,
452.
^pjj pine/
453.
j||> t'eng-,
illness; disease.
whether from wound or sickness
pain,
intensity of kindly feeling.
T'eng
tender love, or to love tenderly.

2
454.
pf
455.
fE
Kni* can
456.
by mo
(23),
ândteV, how
3jf;
final
In Peking never met with colloquially except when followed

n is not heard, the dissyllable being pronounced tsem s -mo, with
?
first syllable.
Examples
c/te*
what
then the
the emphasis on the

457.
strange (in a good sense).
Often used with the foregoing.

kim't*, monstrous; strange (in a bad sense).
be used verbally; to take offence at; to be astonished at.
also
ch'i'
iff
ch'i-
pit*
3=
ts/ ir'
mo
tsf fh'i-
~f a
l\ao
"^
kii'ii
>g kuai*
1
|g kan
fft
wi 3
ijfo
shuo 1
am terribly ill.
I am in awful pain.
No wonder your head
$%. t'eng
f^
51
tc"
~J
HI?
t'
ou2
06s.
No
wonder
lit.,
it
How
how
this
or,
sore
and your mouth
dry.
[you] astonished not can [be] that,
Don't you think

is
is
strange
did this come about
etc.
pu*
ô^
%\\
li
ô''"
TZU ERH CHI.
90
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE
A * *
%
-^
-kfe
iflt
fe
ft
i-*r
Hi
man's
t'ou
has iwcP-tz& (brains)
(his brain bag).
s
accordingly called nao -tai*
Your queue must be combed.
When
old he can neither hear well
inside
ir
'
i.
,.
7
~TT"
XVII.
it,
and
man
is
is
(lit, truly) with his ears nor see clearly (distinctly) with his eyes.
s|
man has
I am too
That
2.
countenance.
let
him
a very odd-looking
fond of this horse to
tire himself.
Countenance:
Obs.
lit.,
and similar combinations, chang 3
that man's nose and eyes=his face, growing has attained to singularity.
In this
must generally be construed is ; much as we say is turning out, or, has
to grow,
turned out.
A
M
1
JnL
ft
$9
$R
to
10
ft
note that chieh'
i.
Strong
06s.
2.
Note
06s.
3.
Juarfi-huo*:
tsoi-'rh,
a seat
lit.,
soft
This
man
very strong (sound) that

Native cloth is very
very feeble.
This seat is very soft (or comfortable).
3.
man
J&
06s.
it 3
is
strong.
is
must be strongly emphasised.
there
is
another form of the character.
and comfortable.
Gf.
nuan 3 -fnio' warm.

1
Have you anything
4.
you
No,
am
not
the matter with
only weak. I really

look after) this matter.
ill
cannot manage (or,

How can I possibly look after (or control) so
many men ?
ft
SP}'
5^
E3
JR
P.H
fet
H&
Obs.
Quiet
i/$
ivL
7J[
jpf
&
M*
<Ml
-&-
m.
M E
^ W ^
:
lit.,
old
and sound,
5j[_
5-
is
very quiet; won't you
? (or,
you had better buy him). He
looks quiet enough, but you feed him up for
a few days, and then see were you to ride
^ 
f&
This horse
^5
sincere, or honest
the term
is
applied to
men
as well as animals.
PART
III.
'jr
91
6. In these five or six years that you and

have not met your beard has turned quite
That's because I have been sadly
white.
some years
don't recognise me.
ailing for
even
my own
family
A
$jr
7.
man who
That
'"
r.
jl'Ji
have something the matter with the back

(loins)
upright
makes
that
(or,
it
is
I really
cannot do
this.
something the matter with

his tongue, and both it and his lips have
broken out. That woman's nails were so long
g.
that
tore
it is
IS.
claw
There
is
when she clutched hold
of his
arm they
it.
do you drag at me like that ?

not seemly (lit., what fashion is it ?) to
10.
XH.
Why
me
so
for
no reason.
anything to say, just say
06s.
finger
me)
back and limbs.
7.
My
stand
8 Do you walk so slowly because you

have something the matter with you? No,
it is age which makes me weak both in the
7, *,
fashion
to
impossible
straighten oneself).
sore (or, pains
To
has both his legs injured (or ulcerated).
ift
lying on the road
is
it
[If]
you have
out straight.
te
For no reason
lit.,
if
(yao for jo) you have no business, thus to drag drag, clutch clutch,
There being talk straight speak, then
it
will do.
is
what
TZU ERH CHI.
92
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
'
it
ni .the following into Chinese.
1. How can
anyone go and speak to him
about this matter ? Why are you so weak ?
pigtail
Obs.
him for ?
i.
How can,
how go with him

06s.
2.
all
What
3.
lit.,
men
this matter cause
When
lit.,
for
tso
be
he
old,
pu
8.
Note the
plurality obtained by repetition: yang yangeach or every kind jen jen-'rh, each or every man.
It must be remembered, however, that
only certain substantives form the adjective pronoun each or every by
9.
yung, do not
as this
or
fulfil,
in
He
is
too dry
my
is
appears to
When
is
strong
man
a
f
(li )
me
is
pull
strong
Liable
you
the time
when
can't pull him over on his back ?

kind of weak man lien, together
Lit., this
tai,
saw a
10. I
this is frequently rendered
man
to-day
by
with a very
queer countenance.
ai,
06s.
Countenance
lit.,
(mien / and eyes fmu).
face
JH mei2 eyebrows.
,
459. f|
460.
lit.,
that he
and, clutching do you still fear not to

recumbent ? Note the use of lien and (at as
him
to love, to be prone to.
458.
is it
and breath (Mi*).
2.
how
conjunctions.
lips are liable to chap.

06s. i.
Weather see 232.
06s.
to be just at the
;
Do you mean to say that if you haul

at a man in such a weak condition
with, hauling,
In spring the weather
something the matter with

walking he drags them after him
There
Obs.
See 303.
accomplish, use.
3.
pu chung
would be
and pull
We
my arm
to scratch
so.
06s.
could not say, for instance, cho cho, every

duplication.
table ; i i, every chair.
use
and
he has strength
No
long
me
about like that, your

to spoil them would be a
age when a man

is so weak ?
06s. 2.
so
in great pain.
Breaks down in every way

yang yang-'rh
hsing ; lit., kind kind all not work, move, or act.
'rh,
are
7.
tou
Look what a long beard he has
his legs
breaks down in every way his ears do not

hear distinctly, his eyes do not see true, and
in speaking his lips even are of no use.
06s.
isn't
it
Don't pull
equally
sM">-mo.
to
me
appears to
5.
misfortune,
also not more.
man comes
make a
hair as this to
little
it
6.
nails
speak.
After
06s. 2.
etc.
so
why
long as a man's beard.
all
afraid of
With
4.
the man has only one head (i.e., is

the same as anyone else), what are you
After
much
(KEY, EXERCISE XVII.)
pin*, the hair
JSf| s(ii\
on the temples.
the jaws; probably, inside the cheek.
~f"-C
461.
$H
462.
EL pa1 the name of a
chia*, chieh
the jaws
Generally combined with the following.
probably, the cheek on the outside.
place
used corruptly as part of the combination hsia*-pa l
the chin.
463.
winch
it is
igf||
k'o
1
,
the lower part of the face
colloquially, only
used with the foregoing, with
identical.
464. Examples
"
l'>
3
fg chiu
li ao
o
^f
chiu*
1
n chih
31
fife
ta
$, /ieV
^
fih,
t'a
jig
/zVmgf
1
8S wi
EL
tziL
fc'a%
fa1
hu2
<e
pn
Ho
j^ chieh*
mair
3
ch'ang
/is/a
W- lien 2
ELo?'"
;;m
/iSNI
mao'
pin*
PART
Whiskers.
465.
Very long eyebrows.

cheeks and you will
at his
jjljj 2
tne neck
1(> *>
clw'lr, joints, of
"fjf
to shave
468. %\\
t'i
469. ^(J
A-Htt
and without.
the bones, the bamboo, etc.
used only of shaving the head.
to scrape
he has been drinking.
see that
466. Hfl sang 3 the throat, within

467.
93
The hair on the temples.

The chin. The chin.
Eyebrows.
The cheeks.
Look
III.
with a knife
to scrape the hair off
an animal's
skin.
Kua
lien3 ,
to shave the face.
470. Examples:
cM3
j$|
HI
/i
Mo
glj
'rh
fa
Mi
' '""'
faw 1
A:0
is
throat
fj"
f@
yiieh*
<'i
f/Mt
F||
*'
ow2
2
f5 cMch
-J
fort*
3
i/tt
'rh
fo
c/ie
*J?
s/icio
15
c/ite/i.
$!l
/(V^
His neck
My
i.
^f
jH
?/ao
die*
J|R
7?io
^; 3
fcaw
^
4
"? te^
P"^
>
"fife
i
o
fj
t'eng
g/ttto
ft
4
fj 7ma
'' <fl
it
))$
jr
^p
tzii
ta*
p^
sawgi
ku 2
tzii
::
P^
'i//</
long.
is sore.
Don't speak so loudly.

06s.
Pu
yao che
mo
ta sang-tzti, shiio
hua would be equally
correct.
Joints of the bones.
How many joints

06s.
Chit,
How many
06s.
has this bamboo?
has another numerative, kin', which will be met with
times a
Note that
t'i
To shave the
later.
month do you shave your head ?
can only be used of shaving the head.
face.
h siimy 1
the breast; in Peking, commonly called hsiuny 1 fi'vs-tzil.

There is no
recognised character for p'u, but the following is generally used, though its proper pronunciation
471.
is /i6
Jj@)
3
.
472. ,8$ ftp, p'u*.

473.
ff* pel
the back.
474.
^f
chi 3 the spine.
475.
-ninny-,
477. )Ji
1
,
to carry
on the back.
backbone, emphasising
476.
Pd
I'tmy
tu*,
the spine; properly read Hang 2 a horizontal beam.

,
Note, ch'f-niany-,
rlii-.
the shoulders; seldom used alone.
the belly.
2V, the
entrails
used only of the entrails of animals.
tin-
ERH
94
478.
Examples:
tn*
J|t
ô
chien 1
tzti
52,0
chest
'rh
are
niang
chi*
hsi
ô
te
pei
j>ei
Cwi 3
V/
tung
1
{ft.
ni 3
pel
t& ckan*
&
_t sliany*
tsai*
p'u?
3
ft wo
tzti
pel
sfte"
hou*
is sore.
Don't stand behind
What
mo
'rh
4
ft <M
c/ii
pang*
2
ft chih
My
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
back.
my
you carrying on your back
The back of a chair.

The spine. The back between and below the shoulders.
The shoulders. The belly.
The calf of the leg. The fleshy tip of the finger.
The thigh
06s.
is ta*-t'ui
Shui s po l a ripple on the water.
479. yS. po l waves.

,
^,
TO-
leng
481. Jpp,
J^]i,
chiao 3 the feet; the
480.
{^
482.
an edge; both forms are admissible.

,
first
form
is
the commoner.
z
3
huar, the ankle; colloquially, used only in the combination huai -tzu ku ankle,
bone (or ankle).

483.
respectable
flff
t'i
very commonly
484.
|jff
chan
485.
Kjjf
tser,
cld
486.
With
the body.
z
,
mien*, the face
also, of persons
and
(Radical
176), the combination
things, nice-looking.
to behead.
robbers
rebels
any malefactors.
a step in gradation
the heads of criminals
when cut
off.
487. Examples:
*<> ten*
-g eh'ang*
mac?
ffi,,
%
ftjgc,
ftfy
2j
hsui*
I
ti
loo 3
tsei
8i nao
tsei-
both
ti
t'a
Hang
Jôjen
3
"t shou
shih*
chiao 3
ko*
ton 1
&
hen s
tsou3
huai 2
t'eng-
tzti
my
chi*
shih*
t'i
(or ankle).
feet are sore.
a most respectable man.

Sl/inr'-i-lii- is the head of a malefactor
rebels.
An
old thief.
when cut
jjj
is
The long-haired
liao
The ankle-bone
till
ku 3
mien*
n<-
have walked
He
ffi
tsetf
The knee-cap.
I
3
Df chan
off.
pu
lencf
means
PART
III.
EXERCISE
95
XVIII.
men
%\\
ITU
&t8
are
ti
when men
shaving their faces;
get to forty
Send for a
or upwards they have beards.
?T
W
Obs.
i.
Obs.
2.
Ht
(ft
"T
W>
barber; I want
Bv
^ A A
comb
Most note that to does not mean all, but the greater
Shu t'ou is only applied to the female coiffure.
:
&
2.
which
is
One
i WKU.
of the senses of i
thus, i tung, to the east of
shaved
wai, outside
the queue towards outside short hair.
is
is
to follow, hence with
of.
The sentence
3.
xp
11
y\,
}tj
?5
SH
-H.
77 o
ffl
Obs.
You
what
tonsure,
[Chinese]
is
growing outside
SM
ill
fl^
"?"
lifc
XB
1BT
frlj
"ife
an
flf
construed
When you
-mien* you
say a
is,
it
means
in the
shaving the head, that
man
is t'i s -mien*
you
a person of good character

that such a person is chang 3 te
is
mean
that
lie is
good-looking.
barber's shop.
4-
"ftfc
jfc
words indicating place
literally
mean that he
when you say
t'i
1tSi
Ah
5$lj
the
off is the short hair
haired rebels.
89
Outside
06s.
direction of
In
the pigtail. Some years ago the outlaws who

did not shave the head were called long-
ft
part.
shaved
SR
*M
Women
hair dressed.
my
(or dress) the hair.
You can
and-so's
is
a respectable way).
is
house of so-
also say that that
t'tf-mien* (that
The
it is
4
erected, kai , in
t'i*-t'ovi?-tao* (razor)
used both for shaving the head and the
face.
cannot say kua-lien-tao.
5-
BS?
H4-
-ilt>
nor soaP
~T5
I'll
y>
We
natives
m sh avmg the head.
carry you on
learning.
use neither
He
my
back.
If
warm
water
you are
He
is
tired
man
of
has hanged himself.
A
06*.
i.
Note hsio'-wen, learning
the hsio* must be emphasised.
be the seat of intelligence.
06.
2.
tfhany
t-iao
(322) can only be used of suicide
by hanging.
The stomach
is
held by the Chinese to
TZU ERH CHI.
96
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
6.
~V
A*
m
7MH
Â.
git
3fn
The
authorities
local
behead several rebels
morrow
am
(or
that
told
are
malefactors)
m m
tfc
to
to-
sword with
the
which criminals are beheaded
wt
going
not very
is
sharp, only heavy.
7.
so
is
How
that the bridge of your nose
is it
yellow
someone
Because
hit
me
[there] yesterday.
Hit
06s.
Jit.,
was
hit
Hsia :
by someone one blow.
lit.,
a fall
8.
a fall of the hand.
sc.,
Square things have four edges (ttng*)
and four corners (chiao3 ) ; but [you can] not

1
2
say too Ieng -'rh (the edge of a knife).
Turn
1.
How
pretty that
to the Li family has
little girl
grown up
belonging
to be;
have
you seen her ?
own
2.
5.
when speaking
of
them
For a man's hsiungl -ch'ienz (breast)

2-
and petf-hou* (back) the expressions

hsin 1 and hou*-hsin l may be used.
Girls are often called ch'ien chin (thousand
06s.
[pieces of] gold), especially

their
(KEY, EXERCISE XVIII.)
6.
to
will
The bag contains heavy
have to
ck'ieri
articles
be carried on the back, or
it
parents.
Yes, I have seen her.
She has heavy

and a high bridge to her
eyebrows, big eyes,

nose her hair on either temple is both black
and bright she has a fine skin, too, on her
and
may
be placed on the shoulders.

7. What is the matter with you ? your
Are you lying down
face has a bad colour.
cheeks, a small chin, long neck, and slender

waist, while she speaks out very distinctly her
;
feet also are
she
is
indeed [pretty], and no mistake.
06s.
i.
06s.
2.
06s.
3.
3.
not large, nor her figure clumsy
Both
yu (Radical
29).
Figure lit., body and form, sMn' tV.

Is indeed
Jmo 3 chen', in very truth.
:
he
is ill
that every bone
body aches? No; it is because he is

old and has not sufficient vitality.
3
06s. i.
Body: man shen; lit., full body of ku-t'mi,
in his
bones, t'eng, that ache.

2.
teem 3 -mo
liao.
06s. 2.
8.
Colour;
It is
not
lit.,
my
aspect colour, ch'i
Vitality
lit.,
breath and blood, ch'i hsueh.
4. To get the head or the

one must send for a barber.
face shaved
See 232.
it is
which a boy hit

and my knee are
foot,
Both
with a stone.
so
stomach that aches
the ankle-bone of this
it
Is it because
06s.
there because you have a stomach-ache ?

What is the matter: lit., you how? ni
06s. i.
dreadfully painful.
06s.
Boy
pression for a
9.
Jit.,
boy or
small man.
child,
which
There are a whole
There
will be
lot of
is
another ex-
met with
later.
men's heads
man
hanging up outside the city gate.
told me they were, every one of them, the
heads of criminals who had been decapitated.
06s.
Hanging
expression for to hang.
tiao*
see
322.
There
is
another
PART
1
^f
chilli
489. JsJ
iiihr,
488.
97
the Sovereign.
the people, as distinguished from their governors.
+. chw\ a
490.
III.
Chun
master.
chit?,
the term adopted in the British Treaty to designate
Her Majesty the Queen.

491. fg- chio 2 , chileh2 , ch'uio 2 high rank, whether official or hereditary.
,
492.
-fi/!
irei
Specially, high
place where he stands or sits.

the numerative of gentlemen, scholars, and officials, also of
properly, the position of a person, the
hence,
position;
cannon.
493.
ginseng.
fp
Also read
494.
title.
tx'tnt
y%
to counsel.
ts'en
When combined
with jen 2 a man, read

,
alien
as jdri*-s]ien l
(sec 576).
tsan*, to assist
as ts'an l -tsan 4 , to aid with counsel
and
advice.
Also,
an
official
See Examples.
495.
.^f['.
496.
tnun
l
,
honoured.
Examples:
Jjl
die
i
2
flfc
s/jj/t
4
fli]
tsan*
t'a
^'o
shlh 4
jjfe
f@ ko*
ti
3
j? chu
J-^ tzu
J^
?o
^t wei*
{a. a
wei*
ô^wî
fihioiij*
t'a
^
4
jj|g
C/M
:!
jj
m'uf
ch'nuir ]
_t
./^'"
l
;g <:hun
/'"//
/<i//
Jj
in'ni-
The Sovereign.
He
is
man
Min
Obs.
The people.
of the people.
jcn in general conversation
is
the designation applied to Chinese us ili>tini;ui>hcd from Tartar.-.

may mean a private individual iili no official rank
In places in the provinces where there is no Tartar colony in/in jen

or status
in Peking he is called jiai* jei^-'rh, lit., a white man.
;
That
Obs.
is an
ordinary dwelling-house.
Min fang, in Peking, is a house which
is
the property of a private individual, as opposed to
kuan fang,
nment property.
The lord or master. The master

The captain of a ship.
His
official position is
What rank
Obs.
If
u-ei
has he
of the house.
honourable.
were omitted the question would be understood of hereditary rank only.
The Assistant Resident
in
certain
Chinese colonies.
(Used by us as the term for
diplomatic secretaries.)
He is an honourable man.
06s.
Who
Lit.,
is
honourable and important.
this
gentleman
13
98
497.
498.
'"'"
ten.
3t
500.
means
j|Jt
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
(Radical 67), civilian, as opposed to the following.
military.
499. -j^ ping
also
ERH
TZtJ
soldier.
ch'H.ch
to vacate; a
vacancy; hence, in certain contexts, any
official post.
It
short, or deficient.
501. |fj
nff<r,
>"Je'
properly, the forehead
as well as in writing, a fixed
colloquially,
number.
502.
^ ehuan
503. ytt ch'ung
1
,
to subscribe for a public purpose.

to stand for; to stand in the place of; to act as; to play the part
Often used with tang (342).

504.
Also, to
make
up, as a number.'
Examples:
&
1
r/!.
chuan
jra
|jjj
ping
iei
llTo />'""'
^j'"'//
ffc
;/
\Q ch'u
officials.
Military
To be a soldier. To be a soldier.
To go on a military expedition.
Have you been on active service ?
To remove from office for sickness
To fill, or succeed to, a vacancy.
or misconduct
or, to
vacate a post.
given number.
To purchase a grade
money.
Civil officials.
P m(J
yu
of.
505.
?K
506.
iSJl. t'ul*,
507.
IjpJ lo*,
Lei
508.
509.
1
,
s'wi
to kill
of rank
by subscribing
also, adverbially,
to retire
an
to the State's necessities.
intensive.
to drive back.
to bind; to coerce.
In combination read
le'
as le--no 3 to squeeze; to extort

,
to hold in, as a horse; also, in combination, to strangle, as will be seen later.
3
?f? so to
,
demand
to extort.
Examples:
JE,
BFj
P aS
ma 3
$1
ch'u1
ffi
leil
c/to
<''''
^''""
?o
^
ffl
te'^
A./'""
na*
fft
fe4
iS
ffi
t'ui
ch'u
'A
1
./'
""
i->^*!i
H5
'o" 1
6^
/i
|^
tsei
fe'it
c/ttt
wwi
A jV
^
c/tia
2/in
ffi "txcr
'""'
,-lnt
5fi
''/'
PART
III.
99
The innkeeper killed two guests.

The rebels were repulsed with loss.
Drive the rebels out of the
city.
T'ui cannot be used promiscuously
Obs.
you could
not, for instance, use
The Custom House people squeezed me out
in speaking of driving a
dog away.
of five taels.
That
official
compels people to subscribe money.
Obs.
Chtian
not generally used of subscriptions to a private object.
is
it
Pull the horse up.
Up
Obs.
Hold
chu, to a standstill.
in your horse a bit.
510. J@G fr! the bottom

,
below.
511. "T" ch'tian *, all
entire.
surname of family or
512.
J&
lia/iiif,
513.
^3
mi iii/-, name, or cognomen, as distinguished from the surname.
tribe.
514 Examples:
''' /(
H,
i&
ti
miutf
|J-
rhiao 4
lisi'iy
fi shih-
gU'ou*
ft./;
JUJiao*
j&Jt.-iixu
If
ch'iiini
cho
minif
Utehmtuf
shth*
tzu
-J
tzti,
{fa
ni s
ymnf
J&
ti
/.-'<
"
% a mo
3r
J"'
.s/je
^f
Jijo"'"
c '' e
JS
A;'(m;
p<>-
^4 hsing*
$]
A Jew
/<V
ti
xluli
ffi
li<P
Jg,
ft
~Fo^-s '"'
f
&
/'a
hsia
;g
Imt*
&
ti*
^g
ti
Downstairs.
Servants.
The bottom
head servant or
of the river
Below the table

Obi.
cho' mien^-'rh
06s.
or,
414.
stones.
underneath the
ti 3
table.
;
but in that case
it
would be more accurate
all
owing
to the inefficiency (worthlessness) of the people in his employ.
people.
hundred surnames.
Lit.,
Note the change
is
your name
(to inferiors)
What
is
your name
(to equals
is
the
name
in
sound and tone of pai 3 a hundred.
of this place
and superiors)
name.
What
to say
hsia 1 .
What
tice
This might also mean on the under face of the table
His troubles are
The
is all
butler,
LOO
TZfr
ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE XIX.
Ac
A!:
4f
6f
E
m W &Si
til'
-^
ill
A*
*
ill
rVr
HsR
toeat
^KjTfi'F'To.Rlfl!'
TO
fl
tl_
3s o
AA
0y
TO
*i=*
iVt
tt*
rdj
p|
tl-
>
-t
3E
*E
All subjects, etc.:

quantity or number.
06x.
an
infinite
liT
-L
"44*
Cma
7.S
xE
bond-servants (while in a state of bondage).
J&
-&
IS 3
6*1
3&
xfL
^*
to
4P-
.PC
"F"
.
^.^
1u
._
/ntl
'ra
In
Pw 3 -tzii
Dim.
the court robe
T"
-T
^H
ri't
-*
NJ
_^
on the
animals arc depicted.
/Js
-4-
13
ffiS
^t
7^
)2
I "^
Jtj
/~t
j*4*
x!r
^5
-f<-
^
W,
i
jNL
==!
^ ^
>
i.
2.
(military officers
to distinffuish
between thr
the difference
is
and military
**
officials
It is
between them;
not
thi^
that the ji 3 -fr(( (or insignia)

that they wear are not identical.
only difference
is
_ &
L
TT
6.
HV
*&.
^t
-%
iit.,
pursuing, arrive
>7
is
called at the
are f un(l to
6>|
at, etc.
Call the muster
tien
ming ;
lit.,
of the
army
in different
places is fixed, but it is at most tunes under

tne p r0 p er complement; [so] when a muster
M 66 ^
m # A w w
When
The strength
i.e.,
when the end
prick, or check, the names.
end of the month some men
make up
of the
end of the month.

Obs.
/./(rn/
What
eag
03
JL
who have charge of lie people

(civilians); those who command
:i
?<v/
dress of civil
r^Ca
"F"'Ac.*!&S44li
A*
R
7t
>K
06s.
is
name given to the square embroidered patch worn by officials on the breast and back of
"patch" birds are represented, each grade having a distinctive bird on the military patch
The pu-tzti of princes and nobles of the highest grades are round.
-fC
Si
5.
office
the
is
iffl
are wen knaii
civil
-dbra^Hxfitja
xJ
flyl
KK xE
7u
^.
his
not considered
position."
yer
is
Officials
4"
that
"
have
troops are
^ ^
mean
a petty official
If^
xV
say that a man's position
honourable you
considerable
When you
3^s
^^
o
i^S
rh
fheng
1=1
lord over the hundred officials and myriad non-officials.

Wan is often used to denote
The Manchus more particularly speak of the Emperor as their chu-tzil, master.
**"
.y.
The cMln l ->i1ia>i!i* (Sovereign) is lord

over all his subjects, official and unofficial.
^,.11 ,
,,,,,
., ,
l
are ,,
the children
-tfGPborn to
2.
lit.,
-fa
~f
I-
By
^ ne reason this horse goes so slowly

because you have not given him enough
I-
is all
month
is
the number.
arrived
at.
Note
i/iieh
ti,
the
PART
>lf
frf
JS.
fe
if
gfc
were the
i-ho
turn
it is
lit.,
X.
W
^
HI
0B
E3
#F
who, owing to
omitted, kai would simply
m.
ft.
ft.ft
Ul 7
$&
YlH
fl
8=
Whose
06s.
$k
~y
>f
$j[
^
m m
Mb
sense
III.
it,
then
will
it is
Kai-cho
it.
fill
know who
is
will get
will get
it.
in
The
it.
frequently used in the above
ought.
When an
8.
Wo
ft
I don't
Shantung;
w
ft
good vacancy has occurred over
person whose turn
till
mean
7-
101
office
or rank
obtained
is
by payment of money, that is

Tenant (to obtain an office by
called clma.nl
Was
No;
his
office
subscription).
purchased?
it
was
obtained by active military service.
7,
The high
g.
officer at
the head of the
troops has no ability whatever; some days

ago the rebels escaped into the mountains,
where they had nothing
to eat;
if
he had
pursued them at the time he could perfectly

them back with loss.
well have driven
B
IB ft ft
Ui
'".
I.
Ta kuan might be
06s.
2.
Nothing
to eat
either singular or plural.
mei, had not
(yii,
understood), ch'ih
eatables.
ti,
10.
is
06s.
Lit.,
your honourable name?
My common
Ihr jnUinrnir/ into
THI-II
ask your
the master, and the people,
(the
p<>-
Juttiifj
hundred surnames).
under Heaven);
the idea beins; that the Emperor of China exercises
sway
over everything under Heaven.
f'/w.
2.
tsiiii*
i.
Empire
of such officers
learning.
i.
t'ien* hsiu,* (lit.,
schoolfellow of
down West;
06s.
is
mine
is
ts'ttn -
hear that the position

very honourable.
I
Schoolfellow:
t'ung*
hsiio*
lit,,
Ilsiio', short for hliio*-fcmg', a school.
same
My name
KEY, EXERCISE XIX.)
Down
06s. 2.
name given
to Thibet
called
name
name, MA.
Ch'nii'xi'.
1. The greatest
person in the Empire is
the Sovereign the most numerous
body are
the ntiii2 j<'ir (people).
The Sovereign is also
May
MA.
west: hsi* hsia* ; this
is
the general
and the portion of Chinese
territory
to the north-west of the Great Wall.
He
thoroughly understands [the management of] affairs; is he likely to employ

3.
you
to assist
06s.
4.
him
Employ
tt'an-tsan (494)
Most military
officers
emphasise tsan.
rise
from the
ranks.
06s.
Rise from the ranks:
lit.,
arc from serving as
soldiers risen (got up) most.
The number of officers in command of

Whenever there is a vacancy
troops is fixed.
5.
TZU EUH CHI.
102
it
must be
filled
and nobody
When
up.
[to
it
fill
there
is
is
it
up],
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
a vacancy
a k'ung 1
in a quantity of
the
are
officials
Supernumerary
those
in
06s.
i.
Supernumerary
mii
"<jn*
outside
the
06s.
2.
Regular: eheng* (103).
bit
have been casting about to find a

7.
of a job, but I have not been able to do
so
so I have
opening
06s.
in
come
to ask
me.
i.
Have come,
06s. 2.
way
some
to find
you
etc.
ch'iny ni lai
may
be read
Opening
men'' lu*
door and
lit.,
way
2.
Insisted
Obs.
3.
10.
shuo' thu* lion, stood
Throw back:
t'ui 4
hui*
1 1
insist
06s.
To insist on having, etc. i ting*
chia 1 yao*, positively from persons wanting.
:
When
on the things,
I fixed
that I wanted
ch'ii
4
.
In future
ft 3
it.
hsia*, which can
tie
applied to
Are
12.
all
How
could
they
all
pi kmr,
han 1
that's
Jen'
be?
[it]
only
familiar with,
all.
Familiar:
06s.
I insisted
is
13.
have heard
lit.,
ripe.
Kill a fowl for me.
them good; why have
of
all
a nation
516. j|l chunc/
a rule
517.
&
518.
$J W,
519.
Ê
520.
Examples:
a State
a law.
a Government.
1
Often used with
ctiencf (519).
statutes.
litf,
laws
ch'fag*,
amendments.
a stage in a journey.
pa
"
ch'eny
tf*
chuny
ch'eny-
iii
i'
{1}
lii*
chih 1
U*
too
Jj|?
ting*
ft
ti
la?
f*
;>
follGr
chili
1
%.
lii*
Laws are made by the
3f
chang
tao*
che
ht
i/ir'
Jjj
State.
It would be equally correct, but perhaps more indefinite, to say simply

connexion signifies completion of an act made and promulgated.
Obs.
lai in this
lii,
li
shih luo cliia tiny
ti.
I'k
Every Custom House has fixed regulations.
Do you know
06s.
at
to put the table in the
told
[contains] those which one
515.
(inn
See 48.
the surnames of the people in

"
the volume of the Po Chia Hsimj '."
squeeze.
9.
Obs.
11
time as well as to material objects.
of access to employment.
To
Fixed on: ting
06s.
on having money from a

person whether he possesses it or not is to
8.
i.
anything you must remember
for
to
you
middle of the room; why have you put it
In future, when I tell y<m
on one side?
two ways.
i.e.,
06s.
the statement.
number.
fixed
bad ones just
If
back on you.
lot
excess of the regular establishment.

4
number
you don't exchange

for good ones, I shall throw the whole
them
(empty) vacancy.
6.
you put
make up
Lu
ch'i'.iiij
the road
:
lit.,
The penal code
stages of a road.
These regulations won't
The laws
Lu
ch'eng can only be applied to long distances divided into stages.
of China.
do.
of different countries are not identical.
PART
521.
522.
taung
^
^
Itsiln
ch'a?, to
1
inquire into.
523.
{H
sou
524.
J|jJ
tuny* to move
525.
^H
chung
to search, as the person, baggage, etc.
to
and, less frequently, to be moved.
Read chung3
cultivate.
sow; to
seeds.
'rh,
Chung
(colloquially,
a kind or class.
),
526.
Examples
]fl
8
|H chi
6-Jo ti
/^ pir
tuiig
l
h*i
If
yao*
fjf
chung*
tiun
jffi
is
-chieh l -ti
is
the
man who
"ft
-i/ao
fang
55
'i
65
1
$j diich
*i
cfc'a
Sg
f?^^
]f[
1
^f k'an
S! sowl
1
,/ieV
z
4
The kim
pu
/j>
tinii'i
order
103
go the rounds.
to
III.
2!: s''/t*
2
2
j^ hsun'
&
c/t'a
goes the round of the locality and sees
(q.d.,
that
kept).
06s.
Note that Van means here

1
watch or keep guard over, and
to
is
See 91.
in the first tone.
To search baggage.
Do not touch those things.

What time do you start ?
farmer (or farm labourer).
To grow vegetables.
To sow seeds.
06s.
Also called
tefl
'rh.
don't want this kind of thing.
527. ^pj chili 4 to regulate; to reform; to restore order;

,
from disorder.
arrange
as
chili
hnn
good government ns distinguished
to cure.
:!
regulating principle or force. Also, to manage

4
3
to set in order.
to observe
7/i hiti (129), to pay attention
528.
;
M|
Also, to treat medically
529.
/;
TJfc ]><io
530. ffL
In a
passionate; fierce.
hinii
531.
532.
'(g- lininf/
f.h'f,
4
,
The opposite
Read
to regulate.
lii
of ho 2 soft; gentle;
,
natural disposition.
533. Examples:
0^,<'h<~
*
55 na
pif
f@ ko*
fft
ynnrj*
A Jen"
3J
chao z
~/f>
shuo 1
TlT
k>M
JE
luting
-^
'"
li
fin
IJ8
2
chili
li
tzu
/p jui
kuo*
ts'o*
5!
die'*
Jf die*
ko*
fffl
fpf
|J[, 3
~}j
-fr
'j
fang
kuan 1
"Jj
p<r
jj
hsintj
chili*
i*
luan*
tien3
ko*
to
accommodating (210K
disorder.
nature
to notice.
quick in movement or temper.

4
jfjlj
ft 'rh
7t
ft
te
TZU ERH
104
The people
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
are very disorderly (or turbulent)
the local
officials
do not keep them
in the
slightest order.
Order and disorder
or, to restore order.
This reasoning (or principle)
perfectly correct.
is
Tao, morally, the right road

li, the principle imparted to man, if he conform to which he will keep the
Tao-li is, hence, right principle
right road.
next, any principle conformity to which produces the normal estate of
men or things, the rationale or logical condition of anything. It is against tao-li, in the first sense, to steal but the
<>bs.
tao-li of a thief is to steal, for

logical, there is
is
he would not be a thief
if
a Chinese would say mei che ko tao-li, it is not

should be a thief and not steal. Lastly, the term tao-li
he did not
man
no sense in such a proposition as that a
steal
used as the principles collectively, the philosophic system, of any teacher.
This
official is
That
man
Do
not get excited

Note the
06s.
Confucianism
the tao-li of Confucius.
is
too passionate.
talks too impetuously.
there
or,
is
no occasion to excite
peculiar use of cliao, which here
means
yourself.
not as in the expression
to put forth or give out;
ekaO*-Hamg*, to catch, or meet with unexpectedly.

1
534
f.
j>'u
universal.
2
535. !pi ck'iin , a flock
536. -JUf kens/
1
,
to
till
a drove
538.
possessive
539.
chlh
collectively.
ti*,
Hence, in any case
never
positively
always.
instances, comparatively rare, in the
spoken language.
Examples:
}EL
pa?
fjf:
3^
s/at
lil
i
J2g
lii
^
^
HoChih
ch'iinr
2
?/"M</
fam
fi]
_t
/ouo
chia 1
%.
t<i
1
shaitfi*
3%
"'"
|f}
tunny
fjj;
wi
$1
tsuii;/
^'
tc?
ta*
1
pa?
1
5
^
^
Q
^ch'u*
"gjcuan
JE,
e*'*
j'
chili
Ul sJtan
tsunrf'
HD er/r
iticr
k'an*
chieii.*
kuo*
'i4
^h
The population of the world is mostly agricultural.

If you want to sow seeds you must first plough the
I
to plough.
used in books as the pronoun of the third person and the sign of the
some
also, in
a multitude.
also read chine/ 1 as ching 1
537. $|l tswiff, to collect

1
^
^
J
5^
fieri*
fining''
$j
tl
'//
Ar
clnnii/
*}t
/'.-'"''
^'
te?
cliny
ty
1
(jfj
//
land.
have never seen a foreigner (or foreigners).

will have to (must positively) go.
You
In a word
speaking collectively.
strictly speaking, not colloquial, though the phrase

here a final particle of no particular value.
06s.
This
The high
06s.
is,
officials
is
constantly used in riiiiviTsutinn
i-hih is
of the State.
Ti would here be more colloquial than chih, but the
possessive construction.
Drive that flock of sheep on to the

Tut the books in order.
hills.
latter character is introduced
show
its
use in a
PAHT
THE FORTY EXKRC1SKS.
III.
105
EXERCISE XX.
ft
as
1.
The guards on
for
[there]
baggage
[the
the
city
are
gates
purpose of] searching [the
of] persons entering
and leaving the
city.
2.
ft
ft
the ground.
tilling
^ ^
3
3. Farming is the proper business of the

humbler classes; in the summer everyone is
ft
Proper business
06s.
ft
State are for
the administration of the people.
ft
The laws passed by the
pin, that which
is
originally,
î H& ^* f^
itfr
^fr
Sfr
-^
^F
5v
~s~
~7^
"T
Jl.
IS
fen
the lot or share, hsiao min, of the humbler classes.
4'
ieat
sown
tne autumn, which
is
summer, is called ch'iu 1 mi*

(autumn wheat) wheat sown in the spring
and gathered in the summer is called spring
gathered in the
wheat.
ft
In that case are autumn wheat and
5.
spring wheat identical ?

They cannot be
considered so; the autumn wheat gives always
ft
a better yield.
W
06s.
i.
/g
That the great disorder which has

everywhere [prevailed] of late years is due to
Bfl
y^-
fact
~f
j$
6.
the maladministration of the authorities
IT
Late
ft
chin
lit.,
known
is
to the people of the whole Empire.
near.
kuan chang 3
the officials who rhani/ 3 are superior

the expression is only used in
,
speaking of the whole official class, in contradistinction to the hsiao min.
Maladministration chih-li, in governing, ti=tc, attained to, pu hao, badness.
Obs. 3.
O6.<. 4.
Notice the construction of the whole sentence
[the fact that of] late years the Empire's great
disorder is [the result of] the authorities' maladministration the entire Empire's people all know.
06s. 2.
Authorities
$*
rr
<T
fPt
Wii
-M-
Hv
^fi
'Hr
Si
-jy
t^c
^t
Wf
fm
06s.
I.
Unreasonable
Ob.
2.
Opinion to
offer
lit.,
:
"^"
i -
A*
t/5
-xtrr
US
That son of yours is altogether too

unreasonable
he never pays attention to
7-
anything he is told, and has an opinion to

offer on every subject going.
does not speak reason.
shuo
tsiti
often
means boasting or
self-glorification.
14
106
TZtl
ERH
- *
SR -F US
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
A horde of rebels came over there last

and
burnt that whole lot of buildings.
year
How about the occupants ? They decamped
8.
long before the rebels came.
ft
said to
number assembled together is

be a ch'un 2 the same term may be
applied
to
9.
large
and sheep
horses, oxen,
in
any
number.
-it
him
A
Note ming-p'ien, a
Turn
1.
visiting card (Radical 91).
all
over the world.
Every country has a penal code. The penal

code was fixed by the State for the government of the people. Regulations are drawn
Obs.
2.
sheep on
the wheat I
to
6.
the
(Radical 117).
first
my ground, and they

had sown there.
The k'<m l -chiehl -ti
flock
ate
up
of
all
are official under-
long wall) is
of the seven great wonders of the
have heard that it was a king who
compelled his people to build
terly
drove a
yesterday
The Great Wall (10,000
world.
j.
li
who go the rounds and
lings
(KEY, EXERCISE XX.)
officials.
Draw up:
A man
3.
See 1,025.
There are Chinamen
up by the
that I
my
part of the afternoon to see him, as I have

something to say to him.
ft
06s.
card to his place and tell

shall go over myself in the latter
Take
10.
ft 10
li
it.
Quite right. That Sovereign was utwithout principle; he governed his
an
in
people
exceedingly
oppressive
way.
Within a few years from the completion of

the wall the whole Empire was in great
disorder.
Obs.
inspect every
lit., not principle

Utterly without, etc.
This phrase is not strictly
i.
to the utmost (Radical 133).
place.
Somebody, I don't know who, has been

books into confusion arrange
putting all my
4.
them
for
OJ S
into confusion
la
luan ;
drag into
lit,
confusion.
5.
8.
dress
That
man
is
dreadfully passionate
why do you pay any attention to him

Obs.
chih.
Obs.
me.
Put
though quite admissible in conversation. It

has been introduced to show the use of the possessive
colloquial,
Pay
attention to:
li
(528).
k'u 3
2.
Oppressive
fc'c
receiving
Sec 223.
put on the
It is necessary to
when
visitor
official
who
is
stranger.
Obs.
Stranger
(Radical 100).
sheng
k'o
lit.,
raw
stranger
PAKT
J^
540.
541.
^P
542.
to take
clriit a <f',
to
to snatch
t'ii
$jii
543.
JJJlt
ku
544.
j-jfi
t'fttr,
by violence.
to filch.
Also, secretly
stealthily.
Colloquially, used of banditti,
classically, the leg or thigh.
107
away.
to steal
III.
etc.;
a gang or
band.
545.
]H
to
tx'tuui
as a fugitive.
fly,
to escape or scuttle
off,
as rats or mice; applied also to the escape of
rebels or banditti.
546.
"fjjf
547.
idiotic
'/J^
s<m 3
him
to disperse.
3 4
4
31 him
31
hiui-
fj^s/itto
>J>
h'n tu 3
3
01 hun
ft ho
tzti
fj
jij
i-'itai
^t
fa
ffe
ssti
ts'uan 4
tao
a?i
2
4
c/t'-u,
snatched
my
ch'uan
JjJ
J^
^|
^
T
3| /t
3
j^ shui
ahih 4
JG
'
1
ft
t'oii
ffj
t'ou
fcw
feet
8a
I 1 "''
fg
tr,r
$f
ti
iife
f|"j
JE,
j^
tsr)"
^
^
fa
''"""
f.so,
To'"'"
:i
^
^
speaking,
"J"
r/i'ii
pa
/i
JJJ
rh'iang
"f /ifi
To '''""
m> n
iw
ft Con
f'"
ft hsing*
to-
ch'il
TJiao
1
'""I/
ill
''"'
it.
things.
stealthily
(i.e.,
that no one shall know).
has run away.
That band of robbers from Ssuch'uan (Szechwan) has dispersed, and skulked
one into Yunnan.
Muddy
To
P'"
ti
jj^
''"''
fft
^ ao
i
4
f@ ko
and went off with

pen away from me.
seized the baggage
To steal
To walk
water, though, strictly
Wo'' 8
na4
i
2/iin
J]\
To ^ ao
'''^
/co
fa 'rh
feat
He
fgj
1
He
to
Read him 2 stupid
of torrents.
They
like the water
also
Examples
-f"
means muddy when applied

the same sound should be used.
another character of
f@ ko
San 3 a medicinal powder.
mingled in confusion,
It
reckless.
548.
water.
talk wildly.
Jumbled
He
is
together.
a reckless (or rowdy) youngster.
549. ffl Ian 3 idle

,
550. flf to
551.
$|
Lan
commonly used with the

-to
4
,
following.
idle.
kun*, a staff.
552. ^J5 jeng
553- $fc fang
to cast
4
,
to throw.
to release
Also read jeng3
to let go.
off
one by
108
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
The numerative
554.
ken 1
ERH
TZtr
and of the
555.
a spear; a musket.
kan 3 ken 1 (644), or t'iao 2
<-h'iaiifi
!flg
first,
of the second
is
kan 3 (325) or
Examples:
iK /""'I
0[ pien
''
|fj
.'/""f/
>r ^
52.
fife
fai""
3
Jb niao
ô''''1
7'""
3t
flo7"'
"J"
;K w
'
(i
cli'idii//
(
ft
i/(/o
%j[
'' (
'"
_t shun;/*
ffl
'S
.'/""
n.
k*
Ho
to3
<7<mr
^'""
;*
^
i
T
//v
4
That
He
man
tired
he does not like going to the yamen.

a shot and hit a bird.
is
lazy
Note chao ;
Obs.
You have
special force will be seen later.
(or, will have)
Pa, as
Obs.
its
before,
no use
for that stick
you had better throw
it
aside.
also be rendered imperatively.
may
Let him go.

Note that
Obs.
and might be omitted, though
liao is only an expletive,
it
has a certain force, as will be seen
from the following sentences.
Let him go
Yes, let
him
go.
556. ftj ch'ia*, to coincide with exactly.

557.
^5
cli'iao
558.
4$
^'
559. Js!
cunning;
special
4
,
meaning
4*1*
also,
opportune, with or without the preceding.
particular.
purpose.
#em3 accidental.
thus by nature; as it were; positively. Affixed to many words and combinaan adverbial force; as ;Vm 2 erh* (Radical 126), and yet; nevertheless.
561. ?fc ,/""
tions with
em3
560. jpl
562.
Examples:
4
/,v>
f@
A
"fj
515
2
^'
ch'lao
Hrt
^
*
s/tife*
tzti*
jtff
;(
jj|
shih*
$& Jan
ffe*
4
*
2
4
f|
/s'o
''""
^
$
^
%. lir
flfc
ti
fe
^-
Inr
|g
Jit-ir'
*5o
' /
He came in the nick of time.

You have arrived most opportunely.
I
came here purposely

2"e
ulm.
My
i,
to see you.
with special intent.
mistake was accidental
Obs.
That
This
Of course
is
ttstt
a matter of course.
man
is
of course
jan, of itself thus.
very ingenious.
it
was not done
fi
intentionally.
'''"
yj
:i
/'a
ch'ia 4
cli'nitr'
2
/'/''
PART
III.
109
EXERCISE XXI.
*
or not
06s.
Opinion
?i(.,
HI
It
*r
Note
06s.
Bring
me
your opinion, should

Of course you had better go.
go
that small cane (or stick) of
mine; J am going
want to shoot some
fire
is
leading or dominant idea.
2.
What
to, to fire
Load
out>
birds,
my
though
gun;
am
not
certain that I shall hit any.
*,
JB
or shoot at
fa chao or to Kao, to hit
what
is fired at.
Fang
(see
next paragraph), to
a gun.
Pf
HI,
7J&
^ ^
A>
J^L
tf
ifcA>
nn
>W^
_gL
&j
^t
fe
JnL
29
nt
T&
XK
iPJ
T>
us
- T
All round
06s.
lit.,
on four
>Nt
:|fc
ttfc
There were people all round me,

but luckily I did not hit anyone; if I had,
it would have been no end of a business.
let it off.
JC
sides.
.^
^|
f ou i (to steal or pilfer). To take away any2

thing from a person by force is to (to snatch
^H
IB
%1
"ir"
M>
'i*
&
&\I
J^
4-
or seize violently).
armed with spears
*vs*
^-
^T"*
When
a person takes a thing unobserved without letting anyone know, that is
3-1 picked up that gun yesterday without ^nowm o ^ was l a(ied, and accidentally
When
(or
number
of robber^
muskets) and swords
go at night by the light of torches to a man's

house and forcibly take his property, that is
3
ch'iang (robbery with violence).
06.
Unobserved: lit., in (or on) the ground behind the back;

lit., the light or brightness of fire; burglary
Torchlight
the combined characters are never used in any other sense.
i.
(>6s. 2.
v@
'*"b
aa.
gJto
W ^* ^&
^ W
&B M ^?
-^r
?ffl
>
an?
3C
ifr
Bti
^t-
5-
To
i.e.,
is
where one cannot be seen.
often referred to as miny-Inio simply, and
talk
without reference to reason

.
or
'
right)
is
(talking wildly).
what
is
considered hun* shuo 1
TXU ERH CHI.
110
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
How
6.
muddy?
tT it
will
be
is
it
that
It hasn't
all
bath water
my
so
is
been drawn very long;
right after a
little
it
while.
it
That pupil of mine is too idle altogether he won't study. Give him a thrashing, and then see how he does.
7.
8.
The other day two
armed with a long
robbers, the one
spear, the other with a
large staff, were assaulting people right and

left, when it fortunately happened that some-
fii
one with a musket came along. Seeing the

robbers so engaged, he hurriedly loaded and
fired.
And what did the robbers do ? The
one with the spear threw it down and ran

away; the one with the stick was struck by
the bullet in the leg, so he couldn't run.
the
*r
A,
man who
make
fired
his
by accident?
designedly or
am
accident, but I
Did
appearance
Probably
by
not sure.
ft
06.
always lean or
i.
fcere
06s. 2.
Note the numerative
of ch'iang.
Spears
may
be spoken of as ten, ken, or
Right and
left
hsia
li,
in the sense of direction.
Cf. also ssS, mien-'rh in paragraph

points of the compass.
Note ch'iang-tzti?, a bullet.
06s. 3.
Turn
but muskets are
Last year over ten robbers armed with

spears and knives came into the city and
made a clean sweep of everything in my shop.
SsA
06s.
i.
Clean sweep
shop and robbed
it
for euphony's sake,
clean
lit,
the
though
it
took the things in
my
word " clean " is repeated

would be quite correct to
say, simply, kan-ching.
ch'ii liao,
am
too.
properly, the four
(KEY, EXERCISE XXI.)
An hour before this happened that lazy

servant of mine had gone to his home, and
when he went he did not shut the door. I
was done intentionally,
hsia, the four directions
3.
i.
afraid this
'tao,
(644).
Obs.
2.
2.
Gone home
hui chia
One
ch'ti liao,
this
may
be rendered by
or shang chia
of the robbers gave
called in a foreign doctor,
cltia
ch'ii liao.
me
a cut, and
who cured me.
PART
III.
Another, seeing a fowling-piece of mine that
was loaded,
Obi.
let it off
Cut
i.
accident.
by
2.
Obs.
3.
Cure
back, saying
(527).
l
3. The k'an -chieh -ti, hearing the report
of the gun, came to see what was the matter.
On seeing the robbers he was frightened, and
l
On
ran straight away.

official,
06s.
&W,
to
know
watch
what.
Frightened
06s.
3.
Straight
The
hai liao p'a liao. See 424.

one straight ran. See 374.
off: lit.,
"That
officer said,
that story.
take
will
and
the robbers heard
564.
-{ra
lit.,
the talk he returned
all
you are to be so idle when you are

young, and dislike study, how will you succeed
in life when you grow up ?
If you do not
If
make
means
man
of yourself,
you
have no
will
of livelihood, and, without that, vou
have
to seek
dispersed in
Even
robbers."
will naturally
you need not say
fan-, all whatsoever.
Rejoinder
all
lit.,
ch'uai 3 to
2.
not true.
after
06s.
the days
j"L
you with them
I fear
the soldiers
the
all this.
563.
suspect you
06s. i.
Understanding: lit.,
were one breath were in collusion.
06s.
will do, etc.
official said
and they had an

His rejoinder was so full of
understanding."
untruths that orders were given for him to
get a few blows with a stick.
different directions.
That
The
come
had
that
they
directly,
do with
soldiers to the
arrest
forthwith,
When
06s.
servant had
my
the business which
your bread by
thieving.
Yesterday you threw away your
book and went out shooting with the visitors.
my
place
were coming
will
"
him,
6.
Note
(91).
2.
to
06s.
K'an'-chieh-ti, the local constable.
i.
Obs.
4.
the road he saw an
and told him some confused story or
other, I don't
time
that
taken him out was finished.
(304).
Doctor: commonly called tai-fu (~fc ife),

though there is a more literary term. Note tai*, not t'ai*.
Obs.
this
By
5.
Ill
feel,
they had gone you did not study.
Young: lit., your years' light time.

Means of livelihood lit., a road of passing
a means of subsisting from one day to another.
i.
2.
Also, as will be seen later, vulgar
or feel for,
by thrusting
in the
hand
common.
hence, in combination with
the following word, to guess.

565. )y.
566.
for treaty
$J
(i.e.,
567.
mo
1
ijo
yo
1
,
to feel with the fingers.
T'iao 2 yo l (181)
primarily, to bind; an agreement.
an agreement t'iao-, in strips, sections, or clauses).
1
i/ileh
568.
$?
569.
Examples:
to authorise
if
not
or, not.
2
[ffj
is
the expression
chun3
fov?,
true to a course.
Rarely used colloquially.
I'll Illl"'
t'ung
t, fa>
2
ch'ang
fan*
pu*
chun 3
It
mi 4
pu*
fou
mo
1
'.
xhili*
cluti*
shih*
!/<>*
m
&
'*
}l
TZU ERH CHI.
112
In
all
To
guess.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
things great care should be taken.
do not know whether he
cannot guess.
Chun 3 fon 3
will give his sanction or not.
as chun z
same
(to authorise or to negative) is the
4
3
pu chun but
is
it
not often
used in conversation.
He
me
invited
to go with him.
Most probably.
570.
J5
571. BS
kf,ng
3
faii
572. *js fo
change
secure
but kdng4 more, the sign of the comparative

,
(see 238).
to change.
to
Often used with tang 1 (342).
satisfactory.
573. iff chiutn 1 single; special.

,
1
574. -fc shih to lose; to miss.
,
ts'an
575.
fl}J xln'ii?, spirits,
576.
and shen 1
577. if!
578.
tx'i'n
human; animal
divine or
with the following
tz'ti,
spirits.
1
,
uneven
irregular;
Read
like foliage).
(e.g.,
also
(we, 493).
1
tz'ti,
with te'eV, irregular.
Examples:
filfo
515
''
Htf
''"
"" 4
shih 4
chun-ii
t'o
$fe
chiu*
ffiE
^ yu
^,
^
$fr
ts'en
tz'ti
f;((/
f^s/wt
tso
$
4
ft^,
s/tife
jg keny
shih
i
~f liao
ifi
kaP
t'a
cliuini
^
^
^
chini;/'
elt'c'iii/-
t'o
3
]
t<ti/t/
)fr
//-si/t
i^> 7</r
These regulations are satisfactory they need not be amended.

He gives his whole attention to study.
;
In the transaction of business absent-mindedness at once leads to irregularity.

Camels are specially employed as beasts of burden.
That
will
579.
ft
fSj
581.
jfjjf,
hsiiiiif/
punish,
584.
kan
4
,
2 3
,
busy.
towards; direction.
custom.
to attend to business
to
Pan 4 -tsui a
^/a
to face towards
kuei 1 a rule
583. j^f pan',

etc.
worse.
still
manrf, to haste
4
580.
582.
answer
administer;
business.
colloquially
it
It often takes the place of tso 4 to do.

,
has
many
meanings, as to purchase, to
(433), to squabble.
method;
fashion.
Read /a3 law

,
or laws.
Fa 4
kucP,
France; note the tone.
PART
585.
Examples
III.
1 :;
To r
poo
BJJ
mint/-
$t
pan*
Jg
&
]pj
is.
./
hsiaiuj*
yuan
mo
*/'*
tt
kan*
fo)4
fli
ft
if nicn-
c/ie
t'..
chen 1
s/u&*
4I:
%,'rh
~j*
Jinn
Hitherto we have never been very busy.

Hitherto
Obs.
towards [the time that has now] come
lit.,
hsiang lai with a negative can <;enenilly
l>e
rendered never.
I
have decided to make a long journey next year.

Decided
Obs.
have determined or laid down, kuei, as a definite line of action.
ting,
lit.,
What have you come

This plan
He
is
is
really
for
impracticable.
an able administrator.
What's your hurry
586.
hu\ wildly
587.
lift"*,
to be in a rage
588.
lun 1
liln
589.
tSu'i
590.
1
,
Examples
1
,
blindly.
when they should not
of events, to occur
to whirl about, as a mace, etc.
to brandish, as the
occur.
fist,
etc.
to urge.
**
mang-
cli'eni/-
ch'u*
|
j^
tsti
flfc
To '"'"
chin
iP9
1
fVf
f|
m ^n
%, chia
tf&t
//;('
iiut
fs'wi
^
^
lining
~/f>
pu
lino*
yac
~f
linn
j^9
Inr
$i\
uai,
1
1
/'/'cy/
fii'ii
c/tid
a'
fc ta
1'*
<]<!>
kati?
/'<in"
jjL
III II
~f a
li
te'tt
~S
PI
Don't be disorderly.
There was a great outbreak of the people.

Note that
Ota
an epidemic
(see
fo
-te# is a disturbance; luan*, a state of disturbance.
Nao
can be used of the outbreak
ut
below).
To brandish a spear the whole

06s.
connexion.
day.
The whole day lit., a complete day. The teachers can give no explanation of the use of chia
We find the same sound in the expression pu chia, it is not so no.
Urge him
to
go and attend to
it
with
all
despatch.
Diphtheria has broken out in their house.

I have had a misfortune to-day.
15
in
this
114
ERH
TZtT
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE
4to
-*
"
'*
,A
^
.
2ft
~X
<T*
4ft
"H".
-esT
mi
A?
06s.
Secret
-gj
j,;.
J^
^.
iffl
,^.
?ô^
^Kjc
-A
An
TH
ifv
-f.
M
M ^
common
Hfe
t.
>^
^'
y^.
,_^
it
-^
,.j
-JP-
fflj
Cf. pei
2.
lui'
^
06.
TPC
m w
5R
-Sh
'LV
H^F
^^
gib
WE
_..
tt
KA
Rests with him
jj_
.3.
5E
lit.,
* T
lit., is
yet.
not satisfactorily dis-
is
The regulations
require altera-
.u.
it
must be remembered that the
title ta-jin
is
one wants to engage in any affair

one must first settle on a definite line of
3-
If
actioa
^^ ^
4'
tion
and
1
6^
W nen one
[in
skeri (to
is
engaged
one's attention
hand], that
is
is
in
any transac-
not devoted to the
what
is
called
dih
be absent-minded).
heait placed in or upon.
, .
That matter
rank.
matter
not
never good.
alteration will take place.
official
^fc
Attention devoted to
is
do not know whether Li ta-jen will

or
not.
Most probably no important
approve
AE
lK
M\
,
"M"-
-L
is
secret advice
advice
ti li.
posed of
tion, but
19
BT
O's.
-y
"Good
is
not, J<M, thus.
'S*
P^K ^
why
is
nothing
should he be
it
Yes, indeed; there

,
T*T
^^^
^@i
Probably
that
savins:
given in secret
anyone know
lets
given to any officer of the third or higher j,Tades of
about.
is
so secret about it?
Ta-jen: this might be translated His Excellency, but
Ofts.
never
very reputable, otherwise
'
^T
man
That
what he
pei* jen, behind people's backs.
3$jl'
i.
' *
Ht
pu, were
***
^ ^
Jx
SR
ii
if*
is
AE
Otherwise
?SC
>ul
Ofes. i.
|g
-y
Tto
jtf
2.
-y
Rl
. .
ift
fift
fiJu
ra
]fe
XXII.
j.
*> 5
At
-,
on his body
5.
The
final
which the thing
he bears the responsibility.
determination of the way in

is
to be
done
rests entirely
PART
2 W
itk
"X
i^t
,%
flEi
tffc
'i
N
i
79f
/\.
i.
O'w.
2.
rllSl
>?
5c
f-1
**i
tfe
^?
JL
^.
wft
which
it
dispose of promptly
himself a bit, and
but he would not hurry

when someone who wax
acting with him urged him to make a

...
more speed he would not listen.
little
Matter of importance yao, short for yao chin 3 a combination which

Acting with him t'nng jen, short for t'ung shift* tijen.
:
PH
a matter of importance
,
was necessary lie should
fr
ft,
jit
06s.
-fifa
man had
That
6.
In1
,AJf
-y
BK v
6
Ml
He
<4*
115
III.
will be
met with
later.
;Hk
ft"
PA
^ m m & w
^
To iS
>o
What
7-
fl&
there for
ta-n
he swinging his arms about

suspect he has had too much
is
todrink
ffi
'Ifl
(treaties) are the regulations
for intercourse
^^.
draivn
tries
between their respective coundifferent
up by
nations
with
China.
06\
lai,
Li#.,
going and coming
iao-yo are each nation's with China
drawn up both
>74&j$$l'7'f9
IO
item.
frJ
pw
is
ck'i
i.
06s.
2.
may
also
Most
tafan;
to
stand,
guess)
Whenever you
the great whole

;
lit.,
ts'en-tz'ti.
you
jaggedness.
We
you
til*
irregularity here referred to
are studying
and hap(lit.,
most probably understand
Yesterday
The
is
unevenness in the writing;

which
in this case rather indicates incompleteness than unvvenness,
its
meaning.
2.
and incomplete.
can say that a certain number of persons lai
try diligently to get at it
will
accounts are drawn up item by

These that you have written out are
hence, the majority.
meet an expression you do not underif
Wany
clt'i
linn,
have
all arrived,
or
trimmed pu Mi, unevenly.
Turn
pen
lit.,
ts'en-tzS,
Irregular:
already provided for by
1.
regulations.
^ ost
irregular
mean uneven, though the context
that a hedge has been
and coming
This dish was specially prepared for
9-
At
06.
sides going
hence, interchange, whether of courtesies, correspondence, trade, or otherwise.
I invited
him
Western Hills; he said he must
to
go to the
first
go home
(KEY, EXERCISE XXII.)
to ask leave.
he
I fear
go any distance.
3. In
writing
will
letters
not be allowed to
and
despatches,
should there be any part written wrongly, a

piece of paper must be put over the characters
that are mis-written
to 3
pu
-tzii (to
put
this [operation] is called
in a crivction).
TZU ERH CHI.
116
will
Purposely and specially
i.
7.
it
it,
lit.,
Obs.
Look down upon:
2.
converse
is
eh'iao
This
6.
decline
it
ch''iao
pu
ch'i
you don't look up
i.e.,
you
lit.,
The
to me.
t& ch'i.
is
indeed nonsensical talk
because
do not
feel at liberty to
put
Nonsensical talk:
this talk
lit.,
spoken
room
furniture of this
it
for
private
is
all
in
to rights.
06s.
i.
Disorder:
Obs.
2.
Put
Obs.
tt'en-tz'H
to rights
pu
c)i'i.
see 528.
times.
i.
Took my eyes
straying) of the eyes (i

Obs. 2.
i.
synonym
jt'n-'rli,
(p. 97).
you a few
accept your things without having done anything to deserve them.

06*.
pai
I took my eyes off you, away you ran.

I'll
have to take a stick again and lay it about
hence, a
Cf.
vain, etc.
8. What is your
hurry ? it will be a little
time yet before the guests come.
g. What did you go away for?
.Directly
heart and special intent.
regard not elevated;
in
all,
The
disorder
with special
Note pai, white
2.
at
individual
you look down upon me.
(tliis is)
<>'>s.
you decline
If
specially for you.
shows
nothing
brought that flower-pot purposely
5.
and
Obs.
you are absent-minded in this way,

do nothing satisfactorily.
If
you
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
is
Lay
ts'o
off:
about you
it
lit.,
yen-'rh),
:
I,
one erring (or
you then
ran.
Inn :588i.
[could] not [with] good intent for nothing at all (pai')
The mode of action they have always

(hitherto) laid down cannot well be altered
want your things.
or modified.
truly wild extravagance.
591.
2/*
language
>
ty c7m a
593.
vy
594.
^| jang
[because] I
sayings.
clause ; a sentence.
ch'ao 1 ch'ao 3 to wrangle (of

,
to talk too loud.
matters that should be kept quiet
Examples
ft
iti
ch'i
|G
J$
mo
Pj|
jang
1
,
to chatter in a loud tone
also, to
talk abi nit
to let out a secret.
also,
liang
lin*
chil*
pu
hua*
ho*
chin*
ch'ao
shao
jang
The languages spoken

;
Jang
hsieh
sentence
two or many).
is
j|q
592.
595.
10.
do not want
i'
chii*
t'a*
m<?n
nao*
in different countries vary.
once and for
all.
Those two are not on good terms
before they have spoken two sentences they begin
to quarrel.
Obs.
Note that ch'ao nao
is
verbal altercation
(see also 583).
Make less noise.

What are you making such a noise about
To chatter; also, to let out a secret; or, to
596.
P^ a
1
,
an ejaculation
talk about a matter
sometimes interrogative.
which should be kept
quiet.
PART
to
117
wrong; untrue. Colloquially, generally to defraud by

extort money under false pretences
to accuse wrongfully.
597.
tion
III.
ft "y
"Sto
false representa-
598.
7^-
599.
Examples:
lixi/io
chiu*
jgt
So
To
are
laughter.
kan2
ffl
jfc
l,:ai*
A j^n
65
**
ch'ien-
Ao^'*
put
/J\
shih*
Ht
What
What
to laugh
at
you laughing
^
^
hxi<n>*
65
*'i
yu
-S
s/te""
2
1
cfeia
Rfo al
iff.
'
IJ
.y/n<7
nip
hsiao*
il
JSH
ji/ao*
/c'o
3
J|
there to laugh at ?
insist upon payment of money that
is
is
not owed
is
extortion.
decayed; worn out.
600.
Jjj
xlniai1
601.
03
k'un*, k'ven*,
602.
chr, extreme excess.
surrounded
embarrassed
fatigued.
603. i|F menrf, a dream.
604.
Examples
j*
jljj
ft ch'ien*
65
ti
shlh*
ch'i~
-ffr
^
is
rltr
~f a
liao
ffi
in>
^,
His constitution
fa
,s/((/;
Zew.9
worn
~f liao
t
~f Uao
fj^,
txat*
(0 ko*
65
iK k'ang*
_fc
A ên
shang*
gp
no*
jjjJJ
meng*
t'ang
yeh*
t'a
|^
meng*
jj
J
2
^'wn 4
"J* o
/./'i/u
$J
/>"'
out.
To dream.
Being extremely tired (sleepy) he lay down on the
k'ang*,
and talked
in his sleep all
through the night.
Extremely hot.
I dreamt a strange dream.
Obs,
A
A
Dreamt:
chuckle
saw
lit.,
in
my
or, ironical
dreams
strange thing.
laugh.
most excellent undertaking
(or arrangement).
605.
m/>*, personal appearance.
606.
ffi
Jixiniif/
607.
HI
i:h'ni(
4
,
the physiognomy.
This character will be met with later in a different
tone.
608.
^p
609.
xhiini
tiao*,
1
.
ugly (morally or physically).

ahuai 3 to throw; to dash down.
to
hang
(neuter)
to fall
down.
TZU ERH CHI.
118
610. }fj
ch'ti
clt'uo
to jar
by a
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
fall.
4
611. |f] tsuaii to grasp in the hand.
,
612.
Examples:
Jf
tel/dH
To'"'"
/UfiflO
&,
t'a
fifc
ie
flj
}Rf
::
ffi J'"
/o
Its/mill*
'i
;-
chlen4
^. shou?
To
To'""'
chany
tf is
flfs
ekuai1
"'
i''"
appearance grown
Lit.,
&'o
tiao
Ugly.
Good-looking.
06s.
ffio
Hsiang rnao might equally well be placed
to, etc.
before eh'ou
in either case
best not translated.
disgraceful (or scandalous) business.
To
To
down.
fall
down.
fall
vary according to the position of the speaker with reference to the object
if
Thus, were the speaker on foot he would say of a man on horseback, fa tiao hsia lai Jiao, he has fallen off
the speaker were on horseback too, he would say t'a tiao hsia ch'ii liao.
The use of
Obs.
lai
and
ch'ii will
fallen.
He
fell
into the river
We
06s.
He dashed
613.
614.
j|l)
615. iSi
H.
616.
617.
chai
tee"
tightly
by the hand.
narrow.
then; inconsequence.
4
k'Hftiuj
ck'leh
chien
besides.
Examples
also
in the next place.
ch'ieh
ti*
is
The
first place.
3fs
chii3
ch'uan 1
yu
e/7/:
To
|IJ
'"'"
jjj
tee"
t'ai
glj
4
%fa
fi ch'ang-
tee"
Jisiu
r
chien*
erh*
kiiu*
ill
tee"
Itfot/f
In the second place.
besides.
and, moreover,
place
pur
ch'lch
W> tsang
won't put on that coat
too long
Y/<
nniuf
""'
Ic'unng
i'
J,
weir
Moreover;
under certain circumstances, temporarily.
Also,
fan?
In the
it.
to one's arm.
me
grasped
li.
down and broke
the bottle
To give a shock
He
such a joke
could say also tiao tsai ho
is
narrow
it
;
in the first place, the sleeves are too
has been
there
I won't inquire into that
is
dirtied.
not
much
matter for the
space.
moment
(temporarily).
narrow
in the second,
it
PART
III.
EXERCISE
XXIII.
There
&
toh
7u
JTL
119
63
gates for the
Tit
are
m0 ving
is
but
number
little
space at the city

and horses that
of carts
through them in opposite direc-
tions.
06s.
Lit.,
^
H-l
i.
place narrow
coming and going
2.
^fc.
nJ
Ja
Wf
ly&
Ifl
flL
ifc
ffy
Note jang' fang
1
,
and horses many.
carts
Who
it
that is making such a
The servants and carters are
wrangling about something. Go out and tell
them not to make such a row, or they may
13
06s.
mouth
the city gates'
noise outside
is
get into trouble.
the noise of several people talking loudly
it
cannot be used of the noise made
by one person.
06s.
2.
Get
into trouble
lit.,
k'an, [or they
may]
find trouble (shih) break out
(nao fh'u
lai).
one
3. Look at those two little fellows
them is good-looking, the other very much
;
of
the reverse.
The good-looking one was making fun

and the latter, "ettint; into
.
j
a rage, smashed a tea-cup,
someone found
fault with him for this, when he was frightened
4.
of the ugly one,
Ob
5E
/f^
iVi
ml
an(^ sa
^ îe tea cu P
~
na(i fallen down.
-T.
06s.
it is
I.
Rage
lit,
best rendered matter

06s.
same nouns
2.
Found
begot, or generated, breath.
in this instance,
fiiult
wrath matter
shuo, to speak, followed
or pronouns are so circumstanced as to be in
A-
ti
-i-.
~2*
Cli'i, air,
;
breath: in Chinese physiology often untranslatable
the boy begot wrath matter
i.e.,
got into a rage.
by a personal noun or pronoun, means to blame but when the

what we call the dative ease, S/MID means to speak to.
;
trying to drag
jarred his
ann
him
off,
when he
in doing so.
lay
down and
120
TZtT
ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
you eat too heavy a late dinner

He was
you are liable to dream at night.
thrown from his horse.
7,
ft
1$ "4
Jt
4*
6.
If
7.
I will tell
terday
2fc
that were with
my
about
Obs.
Went
off to sleep
The people
some
poured
liquid ink
mouth without my knowing anything
to sleep as I sat in
into
with
you a comical story. Yeswas dreadfully tired, and went off
my
it.
chao* liao, short for shutf-chao* liao, to go off to sleep
chair.
me
this character will
8.
The
narrow
street is too
a cart to be taken through
Turn
1.
men yesterday having

narrow space on the top
in that
of the city wall, one a good-looking individual,

The good-looking one
the other very ugly.
"There
only one of
t\vo answers, are you going to do this or are
you not ?"
said to the ugly one,
One
two answers
two sentences or two words about it.
06s.
i.
of
is
there are not
lit.,
Are you going to do this, etc. lit., this

matter you, too ti, cm fond (or eventually), do or not
:
ti is
best not translated.
3
Of. also too liao 'rh.
The ugly one replied, " In the first

place, I am afraid of what people will say and
hi the second, I am terribly tired.
Go and do
;
yourself;
What
06s.
of to blab
i
people
Note that
(yen-yii).
ytn-yii
you don't do
also,
to
it,
say:
how can
The other burst out

"
said,
afraid of
can't do
You
what people
it.
If
will
say?
you don't go
lit.,
fear
why
are
you
expect you
at once,
it is
very
The ugly
plain that I must pitch you down."
fellow ran off before [the other] had finished
what he was saying.
06s.
Very plain ming* ming'-'rlt ti.

Must pitch you down lit., this is evidently
causing me (chiao wo) to take you and throw you down.
Note shuai 3 not shuai*; hsia ch'ii, not Asia lal, the
i.
4. You surely must have been dreaming

there was no one on the wall yesterday.
5.
was riding along the main
men2
street of
an altercation between some men behind me,

I
don't
In Peking yen-yii
is
the day before yesterday,
when
remarks
know who,
yiian-i.
wrong
into a loud laugli
there
the ch'ien-
may mean to tell in the sense

mention e.g., when you want me
me know.
are
I ?"
ycn-ijn
sheng-'rh, let
pronounced nearly
will
3.
and
speaker being also on the wall.
2.
if
for so large
it.
Obs. 2.
06s. 2.
it
met
(KEY, EXERCISE XXIII.)
There were two
an altercation
loo
In-
later.
After a
speed.
to my ankle.
sent
my
horse off at full
and gave a jar

Luckily, the shock was not a
little I fell off,
PART
heavy one;
I
a bit and got all right.

where the horse galloped to he
I rested
know
don't
III.
6.
06s.
i.
Full speed:
06s.
lit.,
and run
2.-Luckily
caused
it
was yet good
(or
06s.-Got over your
fatigue
kug
Ua())
fortunate).
fetigue
Obs.
3.
618.
619.
Yet
chao*, a presage
am
it
to rest for a
is
^^
rh
lit.,
rested over your
an omen.
2
cf chi auspicious.
,
620. [X|
or
See 129.
this while.
lit.,
all
night; you will have got over your fatigue

by to-morrow.
horse to spread
off.
hai hao,
my
day to-day and

There is no help for
have walked
extremely sleepy.
the best thing you can do
has not been found yet.

his legs (k'ai t'ui)
121
Also, cruel
hsiung inauspicious.
,
malevolent
hence applied to acts of violence
murder
2
621.
jj^=
622.
Jfijj
623.
hsiang
jui*, the
Examples
good fortune
same
that which bodes good fortune.
as the foregoing hsiang2
ffijisiang
hsiung
j$ hsiang
1
ft ch'u
& ping
jjfc o
'& hen?
"g chi
A good
A good
fg ch'ing[Xj
An
omen.
chi 2
chao*
1
ft ch'u
"j*
ck'il*
4f.
nien~
ft wo*
liao
i
fpj
f@ ko*
men
chia
li
chi 2
%,
tji<>
j^J
hsiung
chao*
omen.
ill
omen has occurred
in our family.
Last year's campaign was most successful.

Prosperity.
06s.
This phrase
cruel
is
seldom met with in conversation.
and violent
624.
3^
625.
Jj,
n'Jan l
disposition.
z
,
character being tabooed, as

reign
is
characters are constantly seen on shop signs.
repose.
ning
-ffi.
The
styled Tao Kuang.
tranquility;
the second form
is
now always
used,
the original
formed the ming2 or personal designation, of the Emperor whose

When read ning*, and followed by a negative, it becomes a term of
it
comparison.
626.
j|||
shun*, obedient
hence, following.
1
627. |=[ k'uan broad; liberal.
,
628. j|^
c/t'o
language from k'uan
of exceeding extent (said of place, fortune, etc.)
inseparable in the spoken
1
.
16
TZU ERH CHI.
122
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
629. Examples:
3jf
s/tz'/i
4$ tow
$ji o ch'o*
1
t'a
flfj,
s/m
gôi.V
)$|
t'a
jib
m^
?t ^
<i
71
fpj
$j
chia
Ifr
jig
shun*
?JC
sAwi 3
1
4g "tfan
$K
/o'iMiTi
'mw
S,Jeng
pu*
$|h
nin0
"g po
~f liao
hsing*
1
5t ^'ien
ffi
chiu*
A//
Peace and quietness (state of freedom from danger).

When the Empire is in disorder the people are not tranquil.
fair
wind and
His family
tide (or stream).
in easy circumstances.
is
Everything goes smoothly with them.

630.
p'in
poor.
631. |pf cfi'lung

632.
2
,
extremity
hence, poverty.
straitened (of space or fortune); not often used colloquially out of Peking.
jj
chiung
633.
j^
ch'ans to produce, as the earth
634.
|H
yeh*,
a calling
an occupation
its fruits
productions
property.
It
hence, acquired property.
is
also a sign of
the past tense.

635. Examples:
4
^
yu
2
s/ie "
1
:g
mo
Jg
ch'u
}1J
mei
che
1
"& chia
|jj
tien*
'rh
-%^v?
1
V-
yeli?
^
H
'rh
'&
ch'an
p'in*
fife
li*
$$ ch'iung'
Mn?
$g o chiung
eh*
%
ft
z
ti
J^Jen
t'a
chJn
pv?
shik*
He
is by no means a poor man.

His family is in very straitened circumstances.
They have absolutely no property.
What
are the natural products of this place
636. JJU p'eng*, a friend or
Never used alone

637.
638.
companion
a person with
whom
one
is
in constant contact.
colloquially.
^ yu a
H shang
3
friend
a person of kindred tastes or sentiments.
to bestow
on
also,
under certain circumstances, to take pleasure
in,
as
a pretty sight.
639.
^ hsiang
1
,
mutual
one person or thing to another.

640. Ijf
pang
1
,
to assist.
reciprocal
See 606.
but
it
also indicates the unreciprocated relation of
PART
641.
Examples
to
^ pang
me?t
to
ti
if
c/io
-||
4B hsiang
/iao
fK
wo3
3%.,
wo3
fj
^ fan9
%2
J| shang
ctiing
fj|
wi
{ft
j^
tai 2
JjJ
Note that
it is
used politely.
come and
Please
We
most instances shang
in
liu*, to
643.
^z
tiu 1 to lose.
644.
ken 1 the root of a tree
keep
now
f{?
neng
%?
hnieli?
Keep him
it
obliged
Obliged
We
It can't
06s.
j?
.s/ti/t
shang
p'eV
ti
too
wo
friend.
used of the
many
gift of
a superior to an inferior;
in the preceding
years.
the numerative of sticks, spears, ropes,
etc.
present time.
a contraction of the characters pv? yao 4
ken1
k^n 1
kun*
too 4
tiu 1
/F
Pu
~J*
liao
$&
ti
Zf.
shou 3
J|,
hsien*
&
fc'ai
ij
J&
pu*
ti
tiu
lit.,
It will
be met with
be
tiu
na ken
kun-tssil,
06s.
At
hsin 1
pieh*
jjji
tiu 1
1
5t t'ien
tS P' a
xp
û
fa 1
|R /aw
fe ^
1
jjji
//.-si/i
but in southern kuan hua this would mean don't throw-
originally.
3
ti\ not ti
Eventually (or, after all)
My
2
-J liu
jjlj
*
5B na
3
/ei
stick.
lost.
root
hand
neng
am afraid I cannot to-day.

you have expended your thoughts ; one of many expressions of thanks.
might also say pieh
Note
~f o liao
away.
At the
|fc
to dinner.
Don't lose that

06s.
yu
Alto1
/j>
06s.
~f
proper signification.
Examples
Much
p'eng-
to detain.
646. $!| pieW, do not

its
JDJ
hull-lit
645. I!J hsien*,
presently in
^*
me.
assist
two have been good friends for
642.
647.
is
yo
"g
These flower-pots were presented to me by a

The local officials rewarded the people.
06s.
&ei
<//'''
jg
flO
1
If kuan
-f a tzu
weVi.
f|"j
2/*
i-
ti*
j&
$J hxing*
3
f^ Zia
example
123
III.
is
sore
present
lit.,
it
was
lost.
cannot write at present.

the now that is.
124
ERH
TZtJ
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
EXERCISE XXIV.
Hfa
IF
$.
~~C
tf-
Jtdi
/;
tKl
xH
fe
^7
i!H$
l*J
7t
si*
t3
5%
Murderer
06s. 2.
w in
Ex-
i ex p ect; eventually be executed.

ecution at the scene of the crime.
(
{&.,
man
there did a cruel action.
Note
that fesiny fatttngi
may
mean
not
to
commit a
generally does.
it
murder, though
night.
JL
murder was committed there last

The murderer has been seized, and
-^
'
Murder
i.
7L
ffi
06s.
Iff:
hsiwtg
dwu ;
lit.,
murdering hand.
the hand,
/STwra,
not (infrequently used in place of
is
Jen, the individual.
Executed
06s. 3.
law
directs,
is,
cMng, in legal phraseology, means to punish
J=3JKl5l6^!H;S^-3
sf*
O #1* H J
'H
3ll2
T*
3.
A*.
>Jk
?U
WC
cMng
by the
fa, to punish
law, or as the
however, limited to capital punishment.
)?
tl
Iff
*!:
BE
JiL
-J*
When
2.
thing comes to pass
before a
Ira
something seen by which one can tell

j
that t iere w jfl be p ros p er ;ty at some future
Jx
date, that is called chi~ chao* (an auspicious
there
il*
is
omen).
06s.
preceding
^
,^0.
Afi
*
it
When
before
lit.,
into a predicate of the
^T
;H;
?M
[JiL
BK
rVt
jjft
~x
^.K
/s
IT..
word following
x?
j^
Mpt*
*
things not come's before
~~fc
.
*t
^J**
wt3.
^/
x?
,
M
, ,
the word chih here, like
ISC
house
^,
When
3-
m m
^
m
-r
jtf.
m>
JZ.
there
When
(comfort).
^1
forming a number of words
daily need, that
^S 4
rt
is
is
in
money enough
for daily use, that
^ ^
ti,
it.
is
there
called k'uan -ch'o l
not enough for
is
p'iu*-ch'iung (poverty).
4- When there is a regular income to

provide for daily subsistence, that is called
ft
ch'anP-yeh*
(property
producing
regular
income).
O6s.
Regular income
^H
lit.,
certain incoming's
>?!&
Mf^T>^5^
.^
fnj.
iM.
-.^
.L.^
j,.,
IR
*>
?fc
"W
-tX
f&l3vff1'fi^T
>*
--
fff
A,*
A.-
)&*
safe,
"f*
"^
6^J
TO
"3C
ifl
HH
<5c
XE
ABJ
X>
-^ -^
Jfi
-*M
money.
.^
IK
l
_-rt\
I^R
lost
ever y thin s at that time
>
so l
looked up a certain friend of mine and said

to him, "We have been good friends these
ever so
little
many
money
?"
years
will
you help me with a

"
He
no ^' ^ U ^ rea^y that
money
"
said,
It is
I cannot.
originally, as
not that
We
had a
you know, but
I will
little
now our
income has disappeared and we find very

great difficulty in
making a
single cash."
PART
III.
125
6. If
you can get your cart into the city
in the one day I will give you a large pour-
boire.
fl
xs.
>=
*2.
Â
When
7.
iT
do you start ? If I had not

should have been off to-day,
lost that silver I
but
shall
certainly start
In that case we
three or four days.
good-bye now.
journey
within the next
May
will
say
you have a prosperous
Obs.
Good-bye: fen shou; lit., separate the hands. It is the custom amongst Chinese to shake hands, though
not quite in the European fashion, when taking leave of each other for a long period ; and the drawing away of the hands
after such a leavetaking is fen shou.
<>bs.
ft
J^
"T
^-
tf.
=a^
HyR
~jf
^jj
-fte
ma
_z.
How
S.
We
open?
is it that your
shop is no longer
dissolved partnership last year.
Note another meaning of fen shou.
The
9.
$th of the 8th moon, the Festival
of Mid-autumn,
IE
is
just the right time for
viewing the moon.
06s.
Festival the Chinese year is divided into three principal periods or festivals (chieh; lit., joints), exc-ltmve
Year's Day, to each of which a specific name is given ; the first is on the I5th of the 1st moon (the Feast of
Lanterns), the second on the 5th of the 5th moon, and the third as above.
:
of
New
10.
ft
Please
otherwise
HJ
06s.
Lend a hand
-A.
:
Turn
1.
That man's
lit.,
&
aid a haste
come and lend me a hand,
sha'n't
get
th rough with
this
business to-day.
4tf
q.d.,
a person
who
affairs
are certainly
not
prosperous.
Originally he had a regular income,
and was in easy circumstances as regarded his
2.
daily needs. There came a year when there

was no rain for months in succession, so he
got no crops off his land, and his family
is
in haste or busy.
(KEY, EXERCISE XXIV.)
affairs
did not go smoothly.
He
spent
all
by degrees, and now he is very

His
intimate friends now and again
poor.
(accidentally) help him along with a little
his capital
money.
Obs.
Capital
lit.,
root money.
TZU ERH CHI.
126
3.
Did ho alone
lose his
money, or did he
Involve
06s.
am
other persons
4.
money, yet was
[thut he] involved
it
and
furniture,
The greater part
of the farmers there-
money
so the district
also,
Note
how)
(lit.,
was
It
in
you become
this wise.
dreamt a dream.
man come and burn

Afterwards
had got hold of

< l!
Of
I.
648. $?
the wheat in
What you
my money
651.
p'ang
652.
mu
653.
Examples:
3
,
2
,
fg,
ti
06s.
Beggar:
be omitted.
f|
tzti*
$J
tso*
p'ang
1
j^ pien
5i >r h
What do you
that
rh'i" is
I did it myself.
want,
generalised
wrote
06s.
We
might
654.
jflS.
tsu 3 ancestors.
,
also say u:o
it
pen
Hang
ch'in 1
sir
Manchu
lit.,
wanting
again,
rice's
man
yes, sir, or
chung
the
madam.
P3
ftti
1
mu3
ch'in 1
chien*
t'iucP
mo
pe n
for carts
and the two
sides for people
by the numerative following instead of preceding
myself.
jt.n-rli,
my
I lost
am
individual
self.
"
man
short for ni lao j?
is
Bystanders.
is
at present
ft 'rh
too*
jig
Father (Radical 88). Mother.

On that high road the middle
Note
ch'e
If Hang*
wo
ch'in 1
Sir.
quite true
a mother.
wo
$J 3
and
the sides.
tsov?
pi
sir, is
say,
after that,
intimate relationship.
cliiimg )
beggar.
lai).
a sound taken from the
),
have
remember
So poor: lit., you how straitened

(ch'eng ) this kind ?
7.
may
How
I
more commonly pronounced ni-na, which,

my elder, you, sir, or madam.
ch'iri
06s.
into
long beforehand.
cha 1 (rather dja
a bottle, or
p'ing-tzil,
so poor as this
niri*,
flja
my
See 182.
too.
p'ing, a jar
06s.
it
near coming (chin
650.
Boy
got
enough.
saw a
unripe [as it
were short of rain, but
AVO
lit.,
chia ; politely, you

649.
all
my money
late
However
Obs. 2.
dreamt
whole of
so I sold the
stood].
I've
all
two or three years back you had a regular

income and could manage to live well
my opinion, things, whether good or evil,

One
give always a presage of their advent.
is
your name CHANG?
Isn't
6.
In
fields
one jar
small jar.
has been far from quiet of late I, however,

did not suffer much inconvenience. [You ask
rny household
all
pawned
this
[left].
Obs.
day
have a pre-
all
abouts lost their
me] why
lit.,
Please keep this jar, sir (tu-jtn); I

very poor. My friends won't assist me,
so I have sold or
lost
5.
or trouble (hi); in combination they form the verb to

involve.
The sentence, literally translated, runs was it
he one man
etc.
to connect (lien) in misfortune
lit.,
Give a presage,
3.
vious omen.
involve others in his misfortune

Obs.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
it.
on
foot.
"
PART
655. 2p}
weng
an old man.
hao*, or literary appellation
YA3
127
character of a person's
and his hao* YA3 -T'ING2 could
Generally employed with the
thus, a
be spoken of or addressed as
III.
man whose name was WANG,
first
wencj
656. ^J, hsiung 1 an elder brother.

,
657.
-^ sun
658.
659.
Jj^J ti*,
660.
Examples:
l
ffi o sun
%* nin*
%
5.
f@
t}-\
a grandchild.
sM*, a cottage.
a younger brother.
yu
wu
/co
|o
ch'ieri*
JH c&i
hsiao
My
ancestors.
06s.
i.
06s.
2.
My
erh?
3-
tzti
^
"jfc
5t
-f^tzii
4
sitTi
lao 3
a
/tt
weng
3
fj wo
hsiung ffi men
chia 1
4
ffj
ii
ckia 1
fg.
tsu3
-Q:
mu
5L hsiung
c/ie
gfe
wo3
ft
ti
tsu3
JL shang
chid1
wei4
ft
jjj|
IfMi
My
grandfather.
-^ sê
^nv?
ch'i*
flJco
1
J& sun
fy ling*
ffi^sun
wei
fit
My
We
gg
Mi
isw3
jjjjj
grandmother.
own
implied by the use of chia, which is used only in referring to one's

can also say chia tsu, my grandfather.
is
relations.
This old gentleman.

are seven brothers.
We
Note that
06s.
My
ti
precedes hsiung
elder brother.
son.
the
word
younger brother
My
grandson.
when
is plural,
(see
but that hsiung
Exercise
XXV,
ti
means a younger
brother.
4).
granddaughter.
How many
06s.
i.
06s.
2.
grandsons have you, sir ?

Note ling sun when speaking of others hsiao sun of
Have you ken ch'ien ; lit., in your presence.
;
one's
own
grandchildren.
iN'ee
208.
have
five
grandsons.
661. J$L nu-, a slave

662. ~/f
talent
ts'ai"*,
but also used disparagingly of inferiors not
slaves.
but when coupled with mi?, the foregoing,
does not appear to
it
affect its sense.
663. $Ql yivg", to go out to

664.
665.
Examples:
jffl
chieh
yivg
1
,
2'
chieh
fK.
nin2
to receive a present
*E
meet an equal or
*o 4
fa 'rh
kan3
ts'ai*
-%
to greet a guest.
J|5 7i
men
f["J
4
4
tsou 3
pu?
$$ /x',/'
4
_t shang ~f lido
superior.
Can be used with the
tei*
if.
/w
ch.'u*
&
k'ua.i*
|| /mai
1
fo hsin
j^ ying
^"Itich
j^
ti
nu2
H'
%%
wo3
2
1
hui*
foregoing.
$t nut
j
%. lai*
%%
%fc
chia
Slaves.
To
My
receive
to
father will
go to meet, as a parent, visitor, etc.

be back directly I must go and receive him.
Those rascally servants of mine
lost their
way, and were not in time to receive you.
TZU ERH
128
666.
f%
tsang*, to
^|,
1
bury
ssii
668.
U]
t'uan 2 a
669.
|$
jung*, woollen cloth
670.
R.
ch'ih 3 the
671.
Examples:
Chinese
velvet
worsted
shih*
ch'ih 2
lun*
saw1
ch'ih
$1 kuo*
very coarse
silk.
//.s/ti
Mn
ssu
ch'ili?
eY/t
|f
4
j| ch'ang'
;H
2
into a fabric.
foot, of 10 inches.
Jl ck'ang
ff,
made
silk, cotton, etc.
wu*
ts'un*
sj"
a lump, as of
ball,
form appears to be more frequently used.
first
winding) not yet
silk (spinning or
667. j|&
the
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
ts'un
$fa a
mai
san 1
t'uan?
|^ haien*
^ jung~
ti
&;
/c'itan
To bury.
ball of silk.
That velvet
three feet wide.
is
silken thread.
Velvet
Three
feet
Too long
3
ch'ih' ts'un* in combination, not ch'ih .
Note
672.
4
jf /mo
674.
foot.
two inches and a half in length.

lit., feet and inches excessive length.
Obs.
673.
by the
sold
is
ang
t'i*,
goods
merchandise.
2
,
rising
Seldom used
risen.
to supply the place of; for; instead
1
675. $|j t'iao, to carry on the shoulder
676.
alone.
of.
to select.
Examples:
$fc
ftao
i'-iao
'
Jl chang*
sworn 4
-i
"J"
3
4
f@ /w
3
*f Aao
liao
ta 3
ch'ing
nin2
^
^
liao
kuei*
hsien*
t'v?
tou 1
/mo4
shuo 1
fi
chia*
ch'ien 2
To buy goods
Obs.
Note
for export.
k'ou, a port, sea or riverine
High price
The price of
;
ang-
also,
a pass, frontier or otherwise.
rising in price.
silk
goods
is
ang
-kuei* (high) just now, or
either.
I propose to ask
you
to choose
me
a good one.
Bring (carry with a pole) those vegetables here.
chang (has
risen)
you may
PART
111.
EXERCISE XXV.
31
i&
J^
A
Obs.
Lit.,
'W
^rl
IPA
_a,
xE
rftt
when one
accosts
I-
person addressed.
anyone as nin,
it is
that there
is
2.
Wt
a particle of honouring the person's intention.
Chia 1 tsu3 (my grandfather)
The
father's father.
is
Obs.
Third person:
i.
man
Obs.
2.
my
is
father of a third person
called his lao3
A
.speaking to a
^ ^d* 688
2
a P ers on as
(you, sir)
a
certain
idea
of
honour
to the
conveys
doing
of his
own
lit.,
side person.
Though
lao
wing
is
a term of respect, you do not use
when
it
father.
Ch'eng, here, to speak of
translated in
Example
by addressing, because
its
is
object
there in the
second person.
3.
is
i&
Is
honoured
the
grandfather well ?
worshipful one well ? are
honoured
inquiries after
the well-being of the grand-
father or father of the person addressed.
Note the interrogative
Obs.
the
a.
In speaking to anyone of one's own

1
brothers, the form used is chid ksiuny (the
4.
elder brother of
my
my
family),
s/</
;4
ti*
(the
In speaking
cottage).
to anyone else of his brother, the form is
younger brother of
the honoured elder brother, or the honoured
younger brother.
5.
But the more common
Obs.
frequent
or,
the saying
ft
fli
ar ft
*f
ti
î
lit.,
[but]
jeV
still is [it
A&
a
ffi
ff'T
ffl
ft
&.&
*
i.
Buried, etc. lit., the day after to-morrow
two verbs compounded, not a verb and its object.
06s.
2.
(inferiors).
the fact that] saying
hsia
ti
jcit's
[fashion
is
the]
more
hsia Jen's [people] predominate.
Obs.
are
term wuP-ts'ai* means, simply,
servants, some are property (slaves), some are

4
not but the more common phrase is ii3 hsiu
A.
B9Jg;iIilB^W
The
Here, as in
many
places, the object (lao
grandfather returns to-day, and I

must go to meet him. Their father is to be
buried the day after to-morrow, and I shall
6.
My
have to go and lend a hand

their father [they]
bury
must
at the funeral.
to help
wing) preceding the verb may be made
them
go.
Ifsia
in our idiom the
subject of a passive verb.
17
TZU ERH CHI.
130
(fto
ft
To be
sure
can
lit.,
not be
it
country here
Note that
you
to choose-
younger brother presents his rehe says he is afraid he
My
to you, sir;
spects
cannot come to-morrow, so he has found a
A
i.
to
Jl
Obs.
and I shall be obliged

me some that is good.
not,
8.
elder
not raw silk a product of your

To be sure it is but velvet is
?
Is
7.
in
Obs.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
substitute to act in his stead for a few days.
hsiung-ti, in combination,
means a younger brother
or brothers,
and
ti
hsiung, brothers,
and younger.
obs. 2.
Present respects
Obs.
Substitute
3.
lit.,
cli'ing
an
lit.,
requests [to be informed of your] comfort or well-being.
an instead-of workman.
'
_t
ffi
tlf
3t
3fc
3fe
..,
,,
r.1
ft6&
5tR
jgg}
Jj\>
-y
.ft.
4-r
lit
h ave to carry those earthenou w

basins
that
I
have chosen with a carrying
ware
pole it won't do to put them in a cart.
9'
TTo
Note
Obs.
^&
^,
sjL
choose
t'iao, to
\\\
Hi
t'iao cho, to carry
with a pole.
IO
Obs.
Lit.,
he took paper, worked
it
[till
it]
formed a
He
rolled
towards
ball,
my
some paper
face
threw
it
into a ball
c/i
V//<y
is
and
often an
auxiliary simply denoting completion of an action.
*t -t
1 1
ft.
The load
animals
17&
1/&
/^
"5"%
0v
^Pl
ift
lIC
HA
*lk
1^
~f"
ffil
â
Sfl
carried
on
the
backs of
called a to*-tzu, as has been before
is
explained that carried by men with a pole

over ti ie shoulder is called a t'!<io l -tzti,; and
;
and
06s.
t ^ iat
Three days ago our elder brother returned home, bringing with him some 200
father told
I
me
was about
the goods.
silk
to
it,
called
and 50 bales of velvet. My

go and meet him, and, while
to assist
him
in carrying in
(KEY, EXERCISE XXV.)

Obs.
i.
odd of
is
are identical.
Turn
balls
by men on the back
carr ^ ec^
i.
Three days ago
2.
While
lit.,
the great day before
yesterday.
Obs.
the hand
(to
i.e.,
was about
it
lit.,
following with
taking advantage of one job to do another
take the opportunity).

2.
Is
your elder brother a draper, then
PART
To be
3.
of
his
What
Father and an ancestor
a hand, but the rascals wouldn't listen to me,
and never went at all. Some bystander had

said there was a ghost over there, and they
sure.
object have
What
in asking
you
object
what
lofty vision (or idea)
fine
raw
you ask this talk have
lit.,
I
younger brother wants to buy some

[and I wish to] ask your brother
My
were so frightened that they refused to go.

My grandson eventually called one of them
He
to him.
be done
him; can
[stuff] for
good
few strokes with a

06s.
can
has gone up
6.
some
it is
Good-bye,
Obs.
i.
silk for
one thing,
is
he
be done, of course;
certainly select
but there
my
am
sir
your brother;
afraid the price
you please
lit.,
An
truth
in
night,
and
account, or, please do not let
me
a wild sort
face yellow,
and the moment
frightened
day.
revoir
lit.,
also used for, that will do,
Obs.
^(
lisiaiig
678.
iP
ch'io 4
sometimes by
but,
to think
Note p'a
te.
Their grandfather was buried yesterI told my servants to go and lend them
677.
to think
i.
06s. 2.
thank you.
to the finish.
saw a ghost running about in

of way.
His hair was red, his
we shall
returning see
meet when you or I return, or by-and-by. These are
two of the most common salutations in use ; nin ch'ing
Obs. 2.
lit.,
kuei 3 (Radical 194).
servants say has some little

passed the place the other
it.
please
q.d.,
ghost
What your
8.
Au revoir
06s. 2.
detain you.
7.
stick.
too Iiao 3 -'rh;
Never:
i.
will
very dear at present.
Good-bye
do not remain on
may be
grandson gave him a
my
whereupon
across,
It
5.
gave a cha and came slowly
silk,
to pick out a little

it
131
were also in that line of business.
06s.
4.
III.
9.
me
saw him
it
terribly.
By
this is rendered
to? (241).
by
me
Frightened
terribly
an active verb.
p'a
wo
ti
liao
pu
as
What
You certainly
to drink again.
nonsense
have had too much
must
of.
ch'ueh*, properly, to reject a present
a strong disjunctive, to be rendered
sometimes by emphasis only.
679. EH? dt id*, to sleep.

680.
fj
2
cJdao*, chid
chueh z
Chiao*
sometimes pronounced chid and chileh 2

1
chicio*
it
is
properly to perceive, to
when joined with s/mi4
in
which sense
it is
'
Examples:
chad2
chiao*
_t shang*
2
$fc chid
t'a
fihui*
lai
a
cho
mei
tsd2
ivo
2
tsdn 3
'rh
ft 'rh
mo
ti'
kud*
am
continually thinking about you.

688.
tning
chia 1
see
BfJ
ûd3
think he can arrive to-morrow.
ch'ang'
t'a
men
hsiang
t'a
latf
jg,
2
fy
tsai*
wo3
hsiang
cho
t'a
For ch'ang,
A
fi%
ch'ang
2
yomg*
jjg
hsiang
Pi
3
it is
pronounced
does not seem to affect the sense of that word in any way.
681.
06s.
feel,
to sleep (679),
fC
TZU EKH CHI.
132
What do you think of him ?

He came yesterday, and they
Ob$.$hui-chiao does not
I
cannot sleep
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
said I wasn't at
necessarily imply sleep,
but
home, but
it
'reposition
to,
684.
or marks the sign of the
683.
fun1
686.
tieli
to
&
689.
Examples:
&
ch'ang
shih 4
add
constant
j|
p'ing
ch'ang-
ch'i
j|g
ô
ti
a*
t'un 1
Oftener used figuratively of peculation or avarice.
^J
A j^
%j
chia
6$
fse^
^|J
The opposite
down.
continual.
tieh*
ô^
We
sometimes takes the place of the
to.
2g shang
2
~^. o shih*
Soft
It also
in folds or layers; to fold; repeatedly.
688.
next
dative.
to swallow; to bolt
687. fjf tseng
see
niggardly; never used alone.
685. ^j
asleep.
sn ^> to compete with.
HI" se
jg
was
I feel cold.
682. sfj tui 4 opposite to; to agree with; a pair.

]
does imply the attempt to sleep
M
A
^P
2
Ji ch'ien
rA'io 4
ffi
P aB
ft
the reverse side
se"
jj&
ma 3
Jf>
na4
k'e
je'n
P^
/'"rt
"^ mien*
ch'ing
ch'ien 2
$& p'co
'
^.K'nai*
////'
%%
'g. mien*
(pj
men
|^ Juan
8a *
%&,
kuo*
Hang
Jjf|
(BJ
km
<
wo 3
Hi mc<3
%f hao*
,^
{Jg
3
/t/A
,y //*//*
//'
ln>'
also, in front of.
the opposite of hard.

tried the horses twice the grey gallops the faster.
is
Niggardly
men do
not like to spend money.
Obs.Hao\
To pocket
(lit., swallow) people's money.

Fold up the clothes.
Obs.
Ch'i
Many
lai,
the auxiliary verb of
It is nevertheless
691.
does not necessarily imply
1
j
pgf
ts'ung
miao 2
common
a matter of
Olm.P'ing-cWang may
690.
tieh,
movement upwards.
added.
also
mean
occurrence.
indifferent, as a person
reputation.
onions.
sprouts; the
to the category of grasses.
first
appearance of any vegetation above the ground belonging
PART
Itfjk.
nen4 nun4 tender,
693.
sang
694.
|M
shu4 a
695.
4$fC
lin 2 a grove
696.
Examples:
692.
2,
'rh
pu?
a wood
|5 yuo
4
lao 3
stale, or old.
<'hi
"P
^*
forest.
yu
sang
shu4
Jj|
1
^
^
ft
^
[Ij
im2
"Fo ^^
Hi
nen
jjji
wo3
3%
young, as opposed to tough,
tree.
yno
fresh, or
133
the mulberry tree.
jj^
6^0
III.
sang
shu4
sfian
J!j$
lai2
~f o liao
1
shu
ft
Kw2
Aott.
^fj
pel
^f-
J 'rh
4
g. tou
tzii
'j|f
5i
miao
1
fp chin
ts'uny
4
$S ên
>r^
J^ shang
rninn-
catty of onions.
Tender sprouts.
The beans have sprouted.
06s.
Emphasise shang
grove of trees
The mulberry tree.

At the back of the
I
want soft-boiled
697.
scorch.
TJlfc
note that shang verbalises miao.
or,
a wood.
there
hill
a mulberry grove.
is
eggs, not hard-boiled ones.
sen 1 density, as of foliage.

,
698. $|j
lii
699. Jfl
tts'ao
green
the literary pronunciation
grass
plants not being trees.
700. yJ;,
1
^g, xhih wet; damp.
701. RJt,
fljSJj.
The second
702.
The
.sAi 4
is
is lu*.
first
form
is
the commoner.
a verb describing the action of the sun's rays; not necessarily to

a vulgar form.
,
Examples:
1
ft ch'u
5^ ch'u
s/(,i
.s//(i/
shang
.s/w'/i
liao
wo3
ffi
%$ tou
j||
*'
Bg
i
1
jJEJ: 3
.J- gfeen
<i
^c
"^f
tx'ao
/i8(V/r
3
"^T fe'ao
i|
'iii/iu*
^f tzu
,^| lii
J5 na
1
^| s^n
.seVi
fftji
All
my clothes
are wet
is
"Sf
f(g
'{'J
cA.u
ft
Zm
Onion sprouts are green.
How green that bamboo grove

Straw shoes. Straw hats.
ô 4
tjLe'rh
]$,
fafyjti
take them out and dry them in the sun.
J
2
^
^
tx'uny
("'"
'/7t
*///7<
//;'
TZ& ERH CHI.
134
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE XXVI.
i.
go to the Western
Let's
Hills
to-
When we get there we will look for

a grove of trees and sit down on the green
grass, where we shall be both cool and free
morrow.
Ill
ffl
What do you
from dust.
06s.
Green grass the word ch'ing applies to many other colours besides green
and further qualifies the shades of certain primary colours.
:
say
it
may
also
mean
glossy
black, grey, or blue,
2.
There
but I think
the sun;
"
ft
tt
it
is
it
is
nothing to prevent our going,

would be better to bask in
not the time of year to
sit
in the woods.
1^3
x.
,
06s.
Mfc
ii(., go, there is not,
in the sun's place to
warm
better
on the contrary, any not being able to go's [reason]

wood sitting the time [is] not apposite.
3.
Let's
should
like,
\ IE
it
^
06s.
mine, and
m &
ft
Just what
should like
IL
however, think,
still it is
lit.,
have a
race.
It's
just
what
but your legs are longer than
1 fear I can't
beat you.
correctly agrees with
ft 3?
fl
-ft
lib
j*
ft
15
m M
ft
I,
in a
ft
my
wishes (or feelings).
4.
Those two brothers of his are
terrible
they are both too niggardly; they

won't spend anything, and their money infellows,
creases every day.
SB 6
5.
Onions have been dear these
days; old and young

cash the catty.
Li
xe.
alike,
they are
last
two
all
200
PART
The term ts'ao3 mu* is generic of

The wheat has
flowers, plants, and trees.
You can also say huo3 miacP-'rh
sprouted.
6.
ffi
T T
O
(the flame of a
05s.
Generic
SI 4i
iVi
135
III.
iVt
lit.,
A* tV
Jfl
Jfe
if ^
iVt
"^
fin
-21
>ti.
fire).
all-including name.
îe
?
east
Mi aotztt
Szechwan
are P e pl e to tne souththey are divided into wild
and reclaimed.
06s.
Wild,
etc.
lit.,
unripe and ripe
reclaimed and unreclaimed.
8.
number
How
tzii.
cflr-
WE
is
called a shu*
liri*-
deep (or dense) the green of that
mulberry grove
of trees
is
9. If you want to dry damp clothes you

should spread them out in a sunny place for
the sun to shine upon them. When the sun
Hffi
R5lc
has dried them they should be folded up.
06s.
i.
To dry
06s.
2.
Sunny
IT?
ffiB
~f*
&&
nung, here, and often elsewhere, pronounced nou, verbalises the adjective
you must spread them in a sun place note jili-t'ou, the sun.
lit.,
A.
A.
slS
-^
-Z.
^?
xff'
lx
^*
?fj
06s.
i.
Over the way
06s.
2.
Over and over
Turn
lit.,
:
lit.,
the
nv
Archery
la
2.
A stretch
should be in bed.
on repeated occasions.
kung (Radical
i tai.
^ ves over
fronting over (or across).
the bow.
06s.
man w^
lft>
wood was of a lovely deep

When we had finished our archery
him a funny story.
i.
^ at ^ e
^^
-^
that stretch of
O//s.
îear
'
*^ e wa ^
P 00 ^ 6 * 6 ^ people's money over
and over again.
It's 8 o'clock;
The other day we two were having an

The weather
archery match in the grove.
was excellent, the sun's rays were warm, and
I told
IO
f10
i.
green.
Jean, dry.
See 416.
57), to
draw
(KEY, EXERCISE XXVI.)
proceeded to say that once upon a

time there was a man of the name of MA,
2.
sold onions.
He was sleeping one day
on the ground in a mulberry grove, and when
he got up he saw a man standing before him
who
roaring with laughter.

(Hi.-:,
i.
06s.
2.
Once upon a time: lit., formerly.

lit., [with] great
Roaring with laughter
sound laugh[ing].
TZU ERH CHI.
13G
"What
3.
lie
"
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
there to laugh at here?"

The man said to him,
is
The ground here
damp
very
clothes, they are all
The money, too, could not be

knew that it was not a man but
out in the sun to dry besides, you have lost

the merchandise you brought with you."
;
Obs.
said, here
Asked
i.
is
Obs.
in a rage
what laughing head

Said to him
2.
(or item)
by origin he
note tui as
since,
The
man
onions,
who has?"
the
nothing,"
and
money ;"
"I've not eaten
other
as he spoke he threw
old head
lit.,
Obs.
given
is
There's the
2.
there
money
lit.,
Jt mow3
704.
^p
common
think that
a MiaotzQ, who, several years

business in straw (dry grass).
did a
Business
06s.
intention
(q.d., rich),
expres-
i4
lit., growing (or life)

a metaphorical synonym fur trade, which a
shlng
i,
the intention, xln'ny, of growing
or of living.
The metaphor was
originally
applied to the revival of vegetation in early spring.
the price I have
certain
as,
a certain man.
cJia
suddenly
unexpectedly.
Jylj
pieh?, to distinguish
in relations with.
to separate
4
707. ^ff su of uniform plainness
,
Also, vegetable diet, as
Examples
opposed
to
meat
See also 210.

See also 646.
hence, another.
hence, uninterruptedly through past time
heretofore.
diet.
%%
su
ti
&
wos
ft fen
mov?
Pieh
ch'ariij-
pu
ch'i
chih 1
ch'u
sltih*
kao 4
pu*
su*
4
fp hni
1
fy hsiiinrj
He
himself.
for
the
some large
2
4
705. ffl hai , ho together with
708.
kei ti for kei te (have given).
703.
706.
stingy.
but not often addressed to the individual.
sion,
fearfully
is
person engages in with,
cash into the grass.

Obs. i
Old man
.
them
"there's
replied;
MA
a sprite.
His money increases largely month by month

he has repeatedly pocketed other people's
money, but he is not fond of spending it
gave a look, and, true

his
were
enough,
bags
empty. "Then," said
"
if
who
has eaten my young
it
isn't
he,
you
old
is
found, so
comes from that place Yunnan.
a preposition.
4.
was
tui t'a shuo
man
That
6.
he begot rage, then
lit.,
this really
money, went forward to get it, but the moment

he took his eyes off the other, he was gone.
look at your
wet, and must be spread
is
The man MA, thinking
5.
asked in a rage.
cha
chien 4
$|J
pieh-
~2$. a
j<?n
fft
lai
A ./'"
certain person.
have opened a pawnshop with So-and-so

Don't tell anybody. Nobody else knows.
I
(or,
a certain individual).
On
suddenly seeing [them] I can't distinguish [which is which].

4
4
2
4
2
P'iny- su and su ch'ang have the meaning of hsiang lai (heretofore, in
all
past time).
PART
709.
IK
710.
frf tai
towards
/ton 4 thick
712.
|H
pin?,
713.
Examples:
pd\
1 'rh
to await
staunch
to treat, or
behave
to.
liberal.
thin.
J^ a jen
$| pao-
wo
JfL
hou*
Lit., intimate and hot.
That
is
mau 2
/to
flg
Jif-
t'ai*
-fc,
$& 9 jd*
no?
ft
wo3
ffq
men
lai 2
JjJ
tei 2
f
1
$& chih*
tien
were hot friends at
5| c/www/
06s.
t'a
c/ift
gjm
We
fill
?/ao
fi5
jt
ff
hou4
^
ft
wo3
jfr^hao
2J5
3
$j
ii
(///'
first.
an original flaw
(or defect)
Note moo-ping, a flaw or
06s.
137
yilnir, origin; beginning; in fact.
jfj[
711.
III.
defect:
one that has always been there.
mao,
a hair,
hence a synonym for anything minute; the term may
lie
applied to moral, physical, or material blemishes.
He
treats
me
well.
At bottom he
Staunch
06..
a staunch (liberal-minded) man.
is
hou
too
This sheet of paper

714.
(|fc "ffuo
lit.,
of stout or staunch principles.
too thin
is
want a
little
thicker one.
proud.
715. $?c chi*, not used in speaking without the following iu 4 , with
which
it is
identical in
ng.
716.
717.
jffi
fu\ envious; jealous.
'|!$/f
/*'<')('-',
to be
718. pjl k'uei 4 to be

,
719.
Examples
ashamed
shame.
jit
cken 1
tai*
ffi-
fy
A jen
fy o k'uei*
,
He
06s.
jealous of
is
'
ft
my
wos
being an
$|
ti
4
flfr
man
J|
//
ft
ivo*
my
One
back
[lie]
me
fijl
liao
petf
ft
t'a
''/"'
wo3
official.
is,
literally, to rat
vinegar (Wi.'/7i
says I treat people arrogantly.
of the primary meanings of man*, slow,
This milly makes
tso*
~j*
'hi-tu cannot be used of jealousy of the affections, the term for which
Behind
06s.
following.
hsin 1
>fj
ashamed; generally used with the
fi-el
is
indifferent or rude.
ashamed.
18
t*
u*).
138
TZtJ
720. $J2 chiieh 2 , to cut
off,
ERH
CHI.
-COLLOQUIAL
SERIES.
to interrupt, as a stream, supplies, intercourse
721.
chiao 1 to interchange
722.
$$
p'ing*, to lean
intercourse
upon;
to
to
off.
Chiaol -ch'in(j2 friendship.
over.
Also, to let; to allow.
on.
depend
hand
to be so cut
It will
be met with
later in the sense of proof or evidence.
723.
Examples:
1
3c chiao
^^ chiao
chiao 1
&
kei s
jg che*
ff ch'ing
3%
wo3
f$ chien*
1j&
f$ pan*
3f
s/w/i
tsung
Tnei
Let them say what they like
me
to
&
yeh
fjfc
lien 2
2
i'
&] t7't
yu?
no matter what they
(or,
% mo
fl"j
4
fjfc
'
wo3
ii
2
Jg met
nien
4jp
^m*
?&
'
i/' ?7t
say), there is
p'iwg*
t'a
m&n
s^-tio
^"; ""
not a word
(lit.,
it.
a friendship of long standing, which has never been interrupted.
Ours
is
06s.
Friendship:
You had
to
n>
shift*
e/meA2
sentence) of truth in
m*
f9
2
lit.,
interchange of feelings.
me
better leave the settlement of this matter to
or,
hand that matter over
to deal with.
guest, stranger, as opposed to
724.
jf pin
725.
726.
!H ying
727.
pn
728.
Examples:
P
pai*, to salute
1
p'ei
HoP a
visitor
Pai
am
p'ei
4
ft,
5g
fijj
p'ei
%%
wo3
cho
fs
call.
simply to leave a card
You have come

I
right
|Fg
fc'o
has come to
is
is
ought.
fl
V&
pai
hd
chien*
ifc
te
ch'iao 3
ntf
must
fy a
fo
t'a
n>?
ffl
lad 4
w< 4
^
^
$ nm
cho'
3%
wo *
see him.
hui, to call with the intention of seeing the host.
in the very nick of time
going to have a cup of tea
>/ing
In that case
;
Jg
|f ch'ing
yao*
to bear one's guest
2
%, lai
~Pj
host.
to.
pay respects
ni 3
ft 'rh
Ob*.
conform to what
2
3g ch'a
i*
to
to play second to, as a candidate in reserve
ho 1
|^ pei
to
to visit
chu3 in the sense of
will
please keep the guests company.
you join me
company.
jv?
piri
k'u*
PART
III.
139
EXERCISE XXVII.
ft
^ $f
tc
n
m
t,
*,
ffi
3&
it,
& in
* $
& A
th
ft
>K
iff
^S
SR 3& 2
.y.
-^
j.
g.,
Sm
IS
nc
i^
^R
^*
Wt
-TM
-AI
-rt>
Wl
7E
p3
ToT
5^
2.
2t
Uf
ff
06s.
^5t5
You
i4?
.
Vb
-y
y~
UJ
Pi
06s.
Note
-j
H/g:
/\.
06s.
fl.il
^C
please
siB
jl
x^>
3&
yea
>&
at
first,
but
lie
When
went
to
your place to
call
yesterday, how was it you wouldn't see me ?

i'
a fraid your statement can't be altogether
ijfc
i yi
& n m
depended upon; I expect you just

card and went away.
left
your
f^ 3
;?*
Uf
t!
lit., it
depends on your liking to
sfi;
iffii
.g
AA
fri en(is
flfc
At
^ffl
ê were warm
ffi
*n
HK
I-
afterwards behaved in an arrogant way, so

broke off relations with him.
^v
jt
xS
3$t
n\*
)^
IDf
-Ji
_^
-PC,
xv
={V
>i-,
3-
If
manner,
You may
tell
whom, then
tell
your
whom you
in
this
arrogant
father
by-and-by.
please; I'm not
tell
whom
I all not fear.
4. A certain person tells me that you

have not yet handed over the money for that
î O f y 0urs aren't you ashamed of youri
ft>t
tell
me
treat
afraid of anyone.
HV
yu
I'll
i/
fo
s eli
pi, the nuuierative of bills or of items in a bill.
<aa
M
7t*
Directly
*kl
fj
Jt^
&
iVt
5tj
HV
^6
US
note the force of
i ;
3JR
When I first glanced at those two jars

a PP eare(i ver y like a pair, but directly
}iaci a ca reful look at them, I found that
5-
K&
^ ey
1PW
I^L.
their dimensions were not the same.
lit.,
minutely one look, feet and inches then not the same.
uiay be used with reference to small articles as well as large.
Ch'ih ts'un
TZU ERH CHI.
140
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
6. Some people envy me this good fortune of mine, yet it is a matter of very
ft
-tfe
Turn
Ob*.
ordinary occurrence, and, what

was my turn to get it.
note that ying tang might equally mean, deserve to get
AjnhJ2.;^H^|'j{jB|j7
T n m
it
To*
&
ft
XIX,
way we can
more,
it
Obs.
7,
can you distinguish the meaning
of the two characters ying tuvg?
m %
JWoJB
How
7-
See Exercise
it.
is
tell is to
The only
look at the context.
Obs.
Context lit., upper and lower text (literature, Radical 67). The sentence, literally translated, runs,
no other way only (altogether) must look at upper and lower text (what goes before and after), then know.
:
there
is
HI
-^
?E
InL
-T*
entertain
That
(fang
isn't
who help
that
correct
the
direction
7t.
j,w
As a general
P ayin g
>,
visits.
be worn
10
is
in
Have you seen So-and-so
We
not.
also
He
before
No,
have seen him to-day
a very good fellow,

and I was very intimate with him from the
first moment I met him.
for the first time.
implies something
is
chien kuo mien,
met
face to face
not fond of
thin.
!,'<'
'-//-
.''illiberal,
un-
XXVII
have heard from other people that

at bottom a staunch, liberal man; one
I
who has all along treated people well, and

does his business without any meanness.
Oli.i.
Does
who
his business, or business: lining xhih.
it
more than seeing a person without
being acquainted with him.
is
am
in conduct).
(K^v, EXERCISE
2.
he
summer,
the opposite of
handsome
Turn
rule, I
In winter thick clothes must
K'ua/nl -hou4 (generous, lilieral-mind-
10.
ed)
Seen
depends entirely upon

in which the room faces
lit., place)
9.
Obs.
[while] those
below
does it agree or not (q.d., with the facts) ?

Note/dregi hsiang, the direction in which anything faces.
Correct
i.
Obit. 2.
we have
side,
sit
(hsiang).
I.
en t ei't am i n o (receiving) guests, the
on the eastern side and the guest
sits
on the western
to
Obs.
^n
^'
host
were to institute a comparison

between him and the man
know, the latter
3.
If I
PART
(the
man
by no means a fellow
is
know)
III.
k'o 3
4
ch'ing" k'o
is
to ask guests to a
Guests ought to be seated at the upper

and
the host should keep them company
end,
of this kind.
meal.
By no means
Obs.
To
6.
141
this is implied
by the word
at the side.
He
4.
arrogant to everybody, no matter
is
Whenever anyone
who.
in
is
luck,
he
that small
bird
of yours for? hand it over to me.

There,
there!
do
want
Why
you
people's things
He
takes people's things without

understanding that they have to be returned
and when one asks him [for them], he feels
envious.
What do you want
7.
is
How
no shame.
a
man
whenever you see them
can one help breaking with

of this kind ?
Obs.
Lit.,
cut off relations
and do
it
how you
[one] be able not with
him
to
Why?
what
Obs.
2.
There
(or,
if
yourself
like (or,
you
manage
for'/
that
kan
will
xhf,*-mo.
do)
If,
will
it
please).
730.
yffijlj
/at-,
|j
c/tiang*,
731.
732.
^ jan
733.
fs|f
736. fff
737.
workman
to
mount
a picture.
artificer.
to dye.
colours.
hung
2
,
red.
Jaw 2 blue.
,
Aua4
to
draw or paint
a drawing or painting.
Examples:
pu
Jt shang*
jaw
f^
^> pu"
_L
s/
'.////'
feo
Se
3^
(.'/*'?'
|jf
1C /tww/
ti
this picture for
The cracks
in the door
Note feng*-'rh, a
ft
,/"i/
'//.
fift
&
kei?
chiang*
t-'he
chang
paper-hanger.
Mount
merr
4
Jl hung
&
"4
06s.
to paste paper, cloth, etc., against another substance.
734. ftE
735.
T/ew
two sheets of paper together
to paste
piao
me.
must be pasted
crack.
See 287.
liru,
(lit.,
you don't want to go by yourself,

accompany you what do you say ?
If
8.
729. |ig
i.
finished).
have really no time to do this; go
5.
how can
06s.
up.
TZO ERH CHI.
142
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
dyer's shop.
Red
colour.
06s.
Si (Radical 139)
Blue colour.
also read shai 3 or she,*.
This piece of cloth won't take a red colour.

06s.
We
738.
739.
$jft
might also say janpu ck'u hung
weak
tan*,
(as of tea)
ti lai.
pale (as of colours).
hsin 1 new.
,
740. fff chiu*, old.

741.
742.
Examples
sha 1 crape.
,
4
$| tan
fan3
<j
~f liao
Jg yen
f@ ko
The colour
new
743.
of this carpet
necessarily
Ijfa pi*,
ti
}fc
or old
is
&
shih*
g chiu*
$
fa se*
Is this piece of crape
&
che*
$jz
jgf
ti
g{j
skill*
hsin
che*
p'i
sha 1
ti
faded.
must.
1
744. ^J| hsu , must.
745. 3fe
huang
746.
jun*, moist
'/p|
747 5$L po1

^
brightness.
> (said to
to moisten.
be derived from a Sanskrit word), glass of
748.
J^
749.
liao 4 materials
measure.
750.
all kinds.
often specially applied to vitreous ware.
See Part V, Lesson III, Note 8
Part V, Lesson L, Note
Also, to estimate
4.
Examples:
jtj
hao3
]H kai*
Tf;
mti4
]%
fav<i''
ffi
^. o
liao*
tzti
^.
liao*
>% pi*
'
tei3
rh
?Pi
juri*
c/te
jih*
>j&
pi*
||
i/en
/tsii
shuai3
}g
ctiu1
$ po
ch'u*
l&
Zso 4
jjg
sê" 2
pa
fy<,'
ft
kuang
p'ingi
|g
/tern
ti
;fc
to4
^ jan
to
PART
The colour
not very glossy
is
Note that
Obs.
pi, followed
The sunlight
The
06s.
Why
is
III.
it
hsii or tei, is
by
have to be dyed a
will
more emphatic than
143
deeper colour.
little
either of the latter words used singly.
very strong.
sun's disc is called jih kuang-'rh, as are also the sun's rays.
do you throw away the water in the glass bottle
In building a house one must use good wood.

Vitreous ware (also a slang term for a person
or agate being
j.
made
who
is
a fraud, spurious imitations of jade
of this vitreous ware).
751. $,* ts'a 1 to rub with the

,
hand or a
cloth, etc.
*T*%f-
752.
pjjl
753.
p'eng*, to
lieh*, to
to
come
violently in contact with.
as
wood
or paper.
run against;
crack of
itself,
2
2
1
hang a vulgar modification of hsing or hang' (Radical
a place of business a hong. Also, a column of characters.
754.
fJ"
144); a trade or calling
755.
Examples
li
tsai*
a
f* chi
2
ivei*
tung
tven 4
]f[
gl]
pieh?
To give a thing a
rub.
Take care
bump
don't
The paper
in that
column
lieh*
$$ na*
^ ao
M-
k'ai 1
fi
ni 3
~J*o
fp5
mn
ft.luwf
ts'a
hsiao 3
<-'h'uang
//it
ttfa
>J
ti
,g,
glj
against people.
is all
cracked.
(or mercantile) business
partners are there in your
Partners
tung, the east,
or, to start
is
hong
a business.
synonym
(or firm)
for a master or host, the east being
the master of the house, and the west that by the Bursts
by
much the same
position occupied
AJen'
fft
&
51 p'tny*
1
%$ ton
tz&
fa hang*
chih*
(or row) of characters.
How many
chia having
window
To carry on a wholesale
J?
1
chia 1
wo
fa hang*
fa
PJU
A Jen
Obs.
5g
ft hang
pu*
force as in jen-chia.
It should
be noticed that
by ancient custom the
hence, tuuii-<-1ii.
tunij-fliin is
;\
master or proprietor,
the term generally used by
Chinese servants in Peking to denote their foreign masters, though native heads of households are seldom so spoken
Cf. n]*o fang-tung, the owner of a house.
of.
I
am
'.'//.<.
the speaker
is
not an expert ask someone else.

expert: I am not in that line of business.
;
Note
unfamiliar.
It can be used with reference to
any subject with which
144
TZtr
^RH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SEEIES.
EXERCISE XXVIII.
if
- m
The top
i.
bright
give
the
**
il
ft
first
but of
late
first
instance
lit.,
SR 3
06s.
*i
& # ^
.^
ft
ft,
it
7o^
J^
Note the
distinction
commencement
at the time of (tang)
p'o, a
table
we have been
is
not very
is
able to
make
it
a slight difference between
lioLO*-huo* (vitreous ware)
ifc
In the
that
is
There
here too.
06s.
of
a rub.
a foreign article, isn't it? In

instance it was a foreign product,
Glass
2.
it
and po l -li-
(glass).
(ch'u).
How
did that glass bottle get broken

It was not broken by a blow
(or cracked)?
of its own accord in
it
cracked
(collision);
3-
baking.
break or crack from
collision, etc.
lieli,
spontaneous cracking.
Lieh
is
never
applied to glass except under the above conditions.
'
SM
_t
nH
^K
-^
C3
^
jnL
W S ^
ifi
JSL
xE
4fn
aw
4ffl
TfW
*fn
-1^-
Y+
O6jt.
i.
Paper-hanger
2.
Paste
up
BE
XPC
06s.
it
M$
lit.,
"4
JiM
"^
'^
'
wj
I/T.
S!i
3PC
P aP er f tîe window is cracked;

nan ger to come and paste it up.
te ^ a P a P
To paste a single piece of paper upon anything
4'
er "
is
Au2
are
iao
E i
A A
E.
The character
fra/<<7
is
without the dot (namely, to move, the

calling, etc.
3
.
pasting artisan.
If
upward movement.
The term chicmg*
5.
06s.
two sheets of paper pasted together
sliang indicates completion of the act, not
is
applied to handi-
craftsmen in most trades; you

1
chiang
may
mu
say
(a carpenter), iva -chiang* (a brick-
s
layer), t'ieh -chiang* (a blacksmith).
not recognised by the dictionaries from the original meaning of the character
way or course of movement, the order of proceeding), it comes to mean class,
;
PART
#
&
*$
ft
tt
III.
ft,
made
EK
* &
ft
06.
Original colour
dyed red again;
if
you prefer some other
sir, it
can be dyed blue.
Look
at that piece of red

crape
colour,
ft
ft
is
crape
The colour of that piece of crape is

faded; it must be dyed some other colour.
The original colour was red, and it can be
m m m m
5 W
of cotton
7.
ft
&B
JS
made
ft.
ft
ft,
Shirtings are
of silk.
6.
ft
&j[EVJN
/-A*
145
ft
original old colour.
Zi(.,
8.
me
and
not kuang 1 jun*. What does

1
kuang jun* mean ? That in the first place
the crape is good crape then that it is new
tell
if it is
is
of crape
ft
06s.
i.
In the
colour [men] dyeing

Obs.
it
2.
dyed a good colour.

The expression kuang1 jun* is not used only
and, besides, that
it
is
equally applicable to other
is
things.
first place, etc.:
achieved
it
it
= the
Not used only
lit.,
that the crape in the
colour that
lit.,
it is
dyed, also
is
first
instance was good
again [that
it] is
new
the
good to see.
does not halt in (or at) the speaking of crapes
to speak of other things also
does.
JL
9.
to give
&
7,
was bringing that glass

it
a rub,
when
the table and cracked
- m m
4*
It
it
I
;
bottle here
bumped
shall
it
it
against
be mended
need not be mended.
ti
10. What is his craft (or, line of business)
He must be a cook. Where do you come
the family ?
come second.
in
I
Obs.
I.
Craft
Obs.
2.
Hang, a
that sisters do not count
lit.,
We
are
five
brothers,
and
the trade or calling (hang) that he performs (tang).
list
e.g.,
hence, to be on a
man
list
with two elder
am
sisters
second in the
list (or
column) [of
my
generation].
and an elder brother would hang erh
girl,
Note
however,
reckons her position in the family quoad her sisters in the same way.
19
TZU ERH
146
Turn
dirty
afresh
room
(pasted) in this
a paper-hanger to
call
(KEY, EXERCISE XXVIII.)
The paper hung
1.
is
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
6.
paper
for me; but do not
mount
this
paste
7.
is
Lets in
Why have
this colour
Note that
chin, to enter.
construction chin precedes
you dyed
Didn't
Obs.
to
Yet
dye
This coat of mine
10.
The colour
Of the
against anything.
cracked with dryness.
it is all
Businesses
different
divided
are
in
hongs
into hongs.
the capital, the
biggest are the silver (banks), wine, tea, and
cloth hongs.
too old
is
is
it
unbearable.
756.
p|lj
kang
properly, hard, which
the following character
H|
758.
^pj- tsai*,
759.
TT
760.
Examples
te
has an intensive
757.
ts'ai
it
just
now
ta*
ago.
lai
te
Asia 4
retains
with
Also, only just
then
thereupon.
also, to wait.
teng
2
fiji
t'a
moment
tsai*
shuo1
~f liao
t'a
teng
rff
huis
^jfi
,pa*
teng
kang
and we
tsai*
wo
cho
He came back
it
then.
7*o liao
'rh
bit
in certain combinations
ft
Wait a
moment
but a
class or grade
meaning
force.
the second time
again
n9 3 a
fg
%'rh
[B]
led2
;IL:<>.
will see
about
it.
Tsai shuo
may also be translated literally.

Wait a bit. I can wait no longer.
He hit me just now.
Obs.
Obs* Note that

more immediate present.
ts'ai-kang
It will just (exactly)

06s.
and kang-ts'ai are interchangeable, but that the
fit
this table top,
blue,
on the other hand.
too,
in this
it
bump
it
There has been absolutely no rain the

weather has been terribly dry. Just look at
this piece of crape
I tell
Take care how you carry that tumbler
9.
its object.
you
and yet you have dyed it red?
is
pale, too, and not glossy.
5.
8.
don't
up.
Obs.
4.
and
in holes (broken)
the wind; get a sheet of paper and
it
you must give it a rub with a piece

and the room will not be so dark.
(colour material) shops.
The window
lets in
dust on the glass in (on) the
is
Where can one buy the colours for

dyeing things ? They are sold in the colour
picture
the mounting be
let
too thick.
3.
of cloth,
paste new).
Find a man to
(lit.,
2.
There
window
it
(pack
in).
Note the tone of the second kang.
latter
perhaps places the time in the
PART
761. JJl ch'u*, to fetch
763.
la*, lao*, lo*,
764. j$C
765.
to bring
sung*, to carry to
762. $
yung
down
H? lao*
behind one
to leave out.
pu
t'a
fjjj
sung*
Fetch
me
At
Obs.
XXV,
I will
fa
fit
yung
yuan
niao3
t'a
'rh
ti
hsia*
Hf
^
@
lo*
t'a
ko*
ta*
2^
pn*
s/m1
f^ two
the same time: shun pien;
Eng.,
Obs. 2
i,
lit,
<zoo4
ch'ien 2
2ô
'*2
tou 1
f!^
shu*
mei2
jg swngf
following the convenience
wis
HI /mi
(i.e.,
chi
tsai*
yu
c/t'ii
|& fe *
_t shang*
pie%
ch'ien*
lao*
a few strings of cash at the same time (while you are about
Tf"
c/te*
it).
opportunity).
Cf. chin shou-'rh
p. 130).
send this book back for you.
have not omitted
out) a single cash.
(left
The bird has lighted on the

don't
He
^hsia*
&^
pu*
chih
)^ s/tww*
i*
Jt tao*
~f liao
la*
pu*
fl
'rh
Ijjl
sung*
to be
to leave
Examples:
pu
accompany.
eternal.
laV
to
to descend
147
to take for oneself.
to present
03
(Exercise
III.
know
his whereabouts (the place in
home
has no
tree.
(or,
no person or place
to
which he has
whom
lighted).
or which he can go for help or shelter)
thrown upon the world.
He
will
06s.
never come back.
Never
lit, in
the infinite, or eternal, distance.
Don't [I pray] accompany

06s.
to the door.
This
is
me
[to the door].
a parting salutation in very
Another form
is liu'
pu* ;
add
lit.,
common
to a
ts'ou*,
to
767.
wo2
move a thing from one
768.
shuan1
766.
use,
and
it is
polite so to address one's host
when
seeing one
detain your footsteps.
body or number;
to assemble, of
men
or things; active
or neuter.
769.
clothes generally
to
t'ao*,
;
to tie
up animals
place to another.
or things.
generally, a closely-fitting case or envelope.
as i t'ao i-shang, a suit of clothes.
The numerative
of i-shang
148
ERH
CHI.
i2
TZtJ
770.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
Examples:
_t shung
s/m 1
3
chin 1
too*
ma6
s/m 1
>/'
t'ao*
We
i'ao
have got together (subscribed)

the bed to that side.
ts'ou*
t'ao*
shuan
t'ao*
c/te
i'cto
meVi
pa
no
liao
ma*
s/m 1
pien
five taels.
Remove
Tie up the horses (or horse).
This book
2"ao
Obs.
in four covers.
is
is
the cover or wrapper in which the pan or volumes are encased.
book within a
cover.
book
cover.
Get the cart ready.

06s.
hanirss the cart.
Lit.,
The Chinese do not
as a rule say t'ao of the horse or mule, but
it
would be
correct to do so in the following sentence.
Will you harness the mule or the horse to-day

Note that there
06s.
A set
of cups that
771. jig
skang
772.
Ht Hang
773.
|K
774.
U^
with cho
(see
775.
>
1
,
1
,
one within the other.
a trader
to consult.
Hang*, to calculate
1
,
enough
to measure.
the second form
is
the correct one.
chen 1 properly, to pour out wine; colloquially,

next word).
Sv
c/io
2
,
it
Examples
has not this sense, but
is
mi*
ft
f*
neng*
Ho ch'ing
ch'u*
^
1
skcmg*
men
chen
Hang"
c7to
The other day we were discussing

Can you go to-day or not ?
Kou
it
joined
combined with the foregoing chen 1 means to deliberate, whether with

also means to pour out wine, but not colloquially.
j| liany*
Obs.
another word for to saddle a horse, which will be couie to in due course.
fit
^ kou
another or oneself;
776.
is
Hang
4
j
\
c/i'-ii
^)u
fg o neng-
cho
^ch'ti,*
-^ chin
J
'/'A
{ij
ch'u
c/t'it
;j$j
ch'eng-
^
JP9
the question of having races outside the city.
here does not seeui to affect the force of ncng.
wo3
weVi
PA11T
Go and
Is
talk the matter over (or, consider
it
have you enough
enough
To measure rice.
The weight is not light.
Obs.Fm* Hang1 lit., the share
?
H9
III.
enough
it).
?
or portion (fen'1 ) contained in the liang\ cubic capacity: note that liang*
;
a measure of capacity. We may say of a box that it has not liang'-'rh, capacity, to contain a certain quantity also
that a man's chiu*
Hang*, capacity for wine, is great or small.
is
i\ doubts
777. |i
778.
^ /mo
779.
PJ$(
780.
tu
781.
yi-iiy
782.
ts'ung
783.
^ mo
han 3
1
as sew
echo
in the
spoken language.
to halloo.
to reply.
or occasion
to cry aloud
Not used alone
doubt to bewilder.
to
to doubt.
to echo
to
proceeding from
the end
mo
Not
to.
to
be confounded with ying 1 (726).
forth from.
Read
the tip of anything that runs to a point.
lit.,
respond
mo-'rh, a time
-rh, three times.
784. Examples:
ti
$J
5ft
mo4
ck'ieri
]|{f
tsai
$h tvai
~T liao*
'rh
g- /,;o
HI
2j$
I
I
him,
have
my
?ai
tuaTi 1
Igf
5^ 9no
to 1
~f liao
'& mei?
pw
ts'ung'
f^
Tii
s//i 4
JL chen
3
^f o
^, 2/w^f
2
^, yeh
3
^J -zw
(^
t'ien
flj 't'a
%& ying*
51 t'ou
/(-ui'
4
fj^,
3
fo ni
1
che*
ti
iyo
t'a
doubts about the truth of what you say.

him ever so long, and yet he wouldn't answer
hallooed for
j?an
(or,
$J
wo3
^(S
/ma4
4
g^ /mo
though
pu
I
shouted to
etc.).
The yeh implies that the
06s.
i.
06s.
2.Taying:
emphasise
Did you agree (consent)

06s.
as ailing
Agree:
06s.
I.
Another expression
06s.
3.
things.
answer [in the
Note that
Empire outside the
was contrary to expectation or the natural order of
affirmative],
was formerly au official in the provinces, [but] I eventually

(retired on the ground of ill-health), and came back.
06s. 2.
emphatic
lit,
result
to.
for to retire
from
wai-t'ou, as a general rule,
office is
iao
(finally)
reported myself
t'ui (506).
when employed by
a person in Peking, means anywhere in the
capital.
Eventually
we could
also say
at the very last
mo
liao-'rh or
mo
lit.,
hou*.
at the tip of the finish.
The
reduplication of
mo
is
perhaps slightly
TZU EKH CHI.
150
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE XXIX.
We
i.
tt
were discussing this
affair
here
just now, and we called to him again and

again to come but after waiting ever so long
he made no answer. I suspect he did not
ft
fa
Ira,
hear.
Again and again
Obt.
the
ti,
adverbial, standing for fashion
three times' fashion.
2. I asked him
again and again to make
a present of that old book cover, but lie
refused every time, and after all I had to
BPJ
q.d.,
me
fa
buy a new
T
After
06s.
to
ft,
all
one.
lit.,
at the very end, still (hai)
was
it I
bought a new one.
3. Ten of us agreed, some time ago, to

some
money into a business. Two afterput
wards withdrew, and others took out their
when I saw this I did not choose

put any more money in either.
capital;
to
A
06s.
i.
06s.
2.
nave of a wheel
06s.
Agreed: ting
te;
most Pekingese would write and say
ti.
as the spokes to the

ts'ou, properly written with Radical 159, means to converge,
to contribute money to do trade.
To put money:
;
here,
lit.,
Withdrew
3.
06s. 4.
And
lit.,
others, etc.
there dropped out two men.

:
lit,
yet more there were laying-hand-on-capital took
Did not choose: pu k'en translates very well

5.
Note ju, to enter, as an active verb.
proposal has been made.
06s.
4.
ft.
Because
away which
why
Lit., [I] tell you to move apart
Ti can often be translated which.
Obi.
thus
far.
my
[it]
back ones.
as decline or refuse, where there
my
told
you
to
is
evidence that a
move
the box
younger brother gave me,
should you have moved
younger brother gave me's that box
[this
it
so far
being so]
why move
it
PART
^ _ ^
Aa
7& H
K..
T?(
pu
06s.
i.
One-horse cart
06s.
2.
Perfectly well
The
liao.
is
ig 5
my
According to
5-
measurement,
this
does not amount to five piculs, and a oneborse cart w ju âw ; t erfectl we ll.
r i ce
-7
>i>
7|t
enough dragging accomplish
lit.,
151
single-harness cart.
lit.,
III.
note liao, here and below, to be able, la
(e
liao, la
tsu is emphatic.
_iL
.
kA
>%
3J.
flSl
~P"
"ZT
-fit
m *
Hofe
BE
SF
Ht
it
Ê 6
little
^Ji
my
than two beasts
will
draw
it
it
ii., quantity fhsieh) as this (chi-mo) does not stop at
06s.
In
opinion this quantity is not so

as five piculs, and I don't think that less
6.
five piculs
not a two-harness
if it is
cart, [I] fear
dragging not accomplish.
come
^
travelled
by cart
and the moment we
before,
got to the inn the carter asked for his money.

I suspected that this was not the rule, so I
him
fi Mt
06s.
The moment:
r.
belonging to the cart just spoken

06s.
because
it
Not
2.
was just.
been the principle in
Sf
the rule
The
~7
J
W
<>
IE
we once
lit.,
-H"'!
St
06s.
necessarily a
indignation
i.
Sv
What
lit.,
arrived in the inn, the carter thereon wanted
suspected that hitherto there was not this
3*
on
$i|
*'J
v^
aft-
ia
gJto
money;
na, that carter
fffi.
lit.,
this is
the servant lets
fall
Wait a while
how
is
li,
a principle or rule that should obtain
the traveller suspects that this had never
will
never go to his place again.

Think the matter
make
.
What
'
a remark to
over aga j n
waj t a w hii e
gone, and you
f^
a remark!
justice
8 -I
g
Jk
"7-v
Ah
comment on a remark made, but

e.g.,
again.
of.
S ^5 iS
7 & M, H & & H
* *
i 7 9 M
yu
5>C
and come
carter
96/1
ftfr
^fc
would plead that to pay at once was li,

accordance with which action ought to be taken.
7Rv
1
ii
to wait a while
will
t in
your an ger has
have changed your mind
(or decision).
talk to say!
used under
a glass and breaks
it,
many
vulgarism in frequent use in Peking;
it is
not
conditions as an ejaculation of regret, surprise, or
upon which the master would
ejaculate che shih
tsemmo
hiia shiio.
Obs.
2.
06s. 3.
to
omit the Mi.
Note mei
till
or,
by-and-by when.
liao ch'i liao, not
mei
liao ch'i-'rh liao,
which means dead
hence, care
must be taken
152
ERH
Tztr
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
Why
won't you tie that horse up proLook he has bumped against the
door and broken it.
That doesn't signify;
9.
perly
call
a carpenter to
will
be
Why
2.
Doesn't signify:
won't you?
mend
it,
and that matter
settled.
_h
je
i.
Obs.
you
lit.,
still
(in
spite of
orders or consequences) do not efficiently tie
my
up
that horse.
Obs.
mend
it,
lit.,
that,
on the other hand, not what
(=
a carpenter to come and
call
anything);
and there an end.
them yesterday to buy a hundred eggs and bring them to the Hills. Can
you imagine it? what with what they broke
10. I told
JL
and
on the road, by the time they reached
lost
the Hills there were hardly any
left.
tii
shows the speaker to be at the Hills himself.

would have thought? in connexion with (lien) lost, together wiih(tai)
lit., who
bumping, coming up with arrival at the Hills [time] there was not anything [appreciable left] mei shcmino does not
mean that there were none at all, but that the quantity was unappreciable. Note the conjunctions lien and tai; the
06s.
i.
06s.
2.
Bring them note that

Can you imagine, etc.?
:
lai
Chinese seldom
make
use of the same conjunction twice running in the same sentence, whether conversationally or in
writing.
Turn
1.
had just got out
of the door
and
was on the point of starting (walking) when

I said you were
a man came looking for you.
not at home, and told him to come again byand-by
2.
sils,
(KEY, EXERCISE XXIX.)
my
for
06s.
tools, etc.),
and not send
you have finished with

they come
Obs.
to fetch
it, is
Is that right?
it,
it
but even wait
that right
shift,
back when
till
te,
will [such conduct]
have never seen
enough
put
my
the price of things fall.

4. This money is terribly short [of the
amount].
and] get
I
it
have been everywhere to [try

together, and this trifle is all I
have managed to
raise (ts'ou).
It's
not enough
I'll
it
give
to you,
if
you
ch'iich
shoo
(see 500).
ts'ai ts'ou liao
Not enough,
use's [purpose]
chc-mo
i tien-'rh, I
as this.
little
etc.
;
pu
Icon
wo yung
ti,
not
the use to which I want to
it.
5. With him it's a never-ending get-fromhere and scrape-together-there for a livelihood;

never enough for his expenses.
06s.
Since I came here,
Short
Is all
have only collected as
do?
3.
i.
06s. 2.
06s. 3.
people's furniture (or, uten-
like.
(later on).
To borrow
purpose
Lit., he, passing his
days (getting his
liveli-
hood), eternally is east removing, west scraping together ;

ever (lao) not enough for spending's [purpose].
6.
am
Tie up the beasts
going
to)
put them
I shall
want
to (or,
in the cart shortly.
have bought a book hi a cover. I

have not enough money with me, and I want
j.
PART
III.
10.
ask you (lit., consult with you) if you

have any about you (lit., on your body) to
to
lend
me
Obs.
8.
little
he says
can you
hsing.
me when you
I doubt, etc.:
i.
true
is
formation.
i.
Answer
11.
Ah! and
is
what
I doubt (suspect)
Obs.
rendered by
Inquire
See 241.
to t'ing, to beat about for in-
2.
you out in
objections to make.
future, I shall
caught
have some
do as
lai,
bad
so
yuan
up.
which cannot here be
lai,
ordinary meaning.
here be rendered by
negative, as this refers to the future.
Caught me
me up
at
home
kan shang wo
tsai
at hoiue.
Unlucky
3.
as well as a
good
ch'iao 3 ,
which can be used
in a
sense.
We
have thought out two plans for

managing this affair, and would ask you to
consider which we had better employ.
13.
[your doings] are found out by me.

Ta ying means here something stronger than mere objection, and implies that the matter will not be passed by
to t'iny passive
has never been here since
caught
06s.
if
he that has come
Twice: Hang mo- rh; though hui* would
i.
06s. 2.
the inquiry elicits the fact), then (k'o)

Note that the second chiao makes
I shall not agree.
(ch'u
it's
well.
Lit.,
chia,
so
He came twice, and on both occasions

me at home unlucky, wasn't it ?
06s.
you, backing me, do things not causing*

me to know, you then (k'o, hypothetical particle) take
care ; a day hereafter if it is causing me to inquire out
Obi.
it is.
answer a sound.
lit.,
"Never" must not
yung yuan and the
find
its
Obs. 2.
so
9. If you do things behind my back
If
that I shan't know, you just look out
I
calling out outside;
him a blowing
And
i.
He
it ?
the day I gave
not tme.
is
Obs.
Obs.
again,
get there.
lit.,
man
is
answer, and go out and see who
doubt whether what he says
inquire for
Obs.
Can you ? Using pu
There
153
if
with a mere protest.

2
785. *ft t'ai a terrace.
,
786.
^ wan
1
,
curving
787. '/I chiang
ho
may
1
,
to curve
a bay or indentation.
a river; see hcP (377).
Chiang
is
never used of a small stream, though
be applied to large ones.
788.
2
$8 /m
789.
ffii
Hv?, to flow
790.
J^
lung*, waves, larger than
a lake.
not to be confounded with
791. PJj, ']^, k'uo*, spacious
792.
liu*,
a current.
po
(479).
hence, wealthy.
Both forms are admissible.
Examples:
%
yv
chin*
shun*
s/te"
ch'i 3
liu?
mo
ting
t'ai*
lang*
po
feng
ta*
hai 3
chin*
wan
tao*
tsai*
ij
"J" 3
liao
1
.,
wan
ko*
worn
I
ti
wo1
$
1
chiang f@
k'uan 1
/.
wan
20
154
TZtj
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
Formosa.
curve
To bend,
a bay.
back
as a bow, one's
Round one turn more, and
in bowing, etc.
there
we
are.
Large rivers are wide.
When
the wind
high the waves in the sea
is
There are no great waves on the T'ai-hu

It flows quickly
To
float
rise.
(lake).
glides quickly.
with the current.
<>hs.
Shun* liu, with the emphasis on shun, means smooth, as the hair of a dog or cat brushed the ri^ht way.
should be borne in mind that shun liu does not mean going with the stream when propelling power is used, nor
the character for this is liu 4 which will be met with later.
does it mean a fair or favourable current
Cf. also -A n;i
It
ftng, ting feng (see 72).
793.
^ fou
794.
ffi|
ch'iao 2 a bridge.
795.
ching
1
,
fv?, floating
movable.
Fu4
shui 3 to swim.
,
796. J^t k'eng
a well.
a
pit,
natural or artificial; also, to cheat or swindle (see Part IV, Dia-
logue III, 113).

797.
hu2 \
798.
799.
800.
Examples:
kua1
TJj
tsou 3
street
'
an
hsiang*, a small street
jjfg
>J>
>a small
,
"
2
alley.
Generally pronounced hv?-t'un<f-rh.
t'ung' )
i'l
li3
ijji
hsiao
hsiang*
yu
f@
fco
sAeW
an
alley.
Not
so
common
J$ na*
Jjjf
t'iao"
$$ ching
A,u2
8
?j< s/tui
^g
t'ou
hao3
^@j
t'ung*
fft
^,
VA
PSô
as the above.
na*
'
r^
3
i/w
good
In that lane there
When
it is
_t shuny*
jfe^cho
shih-
a deep hole.
the wind blows
'^
to drink.
is
BE
^ /<m
There's a stone bridge there.

is
*hu-i?
4
f@ io
Floating on the water.
Well water
?K
best to walk along the small alleys.
PART
801. Hf"
Hence, wild
savage.
802.
properly,
155
uninhabited ground, but often country as opposed to town.
yeli'
III.
hsiang*, a village
^p|5
803. ^jf ts'un 1 a village

,
804. i|| fim 2 a grave

,
Often used with the following.
a region.
Smaller than hsiang 1
a hamlet.
a tomb
the
mound
or
monument above
a grave, but not a head-
stone or tablet.
805.
J|
mu*, a grave
806.
H^
feng
^
^
807.
808.
809.
hill.
a height not peaked.
chieri
a projecting point, of a knife,
hill, etc.
Examples:
**
$$ hsiang
na*
J hsia*
A Jen*
shift
ko*
/eV
2
p^ me^Ti
ti*
The whole of
Obs.
2
Rarely used without the preceding word fen
a tomb.
the peak of a
ling
1
gjj,
'rh
ti
tung
shan
llj
B|
t'ov?
ffi
ts'un 1
lai
A;uo
4fs /ent/
Ma?
o
fjjj
chien
t'a
is
ts'ao
Waste
Obi. 2.
hsiang
ts'un
'rh
pu?
mu
na
che*
'rh
mei 2
pien
io 4
7/e/t
/ma
[lj
p'ien*
ye^,
ft-
&
&
yeh<
chi
ch'ien 2
tV
ch'iian-
shih*
1
jt
eV
occupied by graves.
P'ien, the numerative of spaces of ground, generally large; the
I.
shih*
that waste ground
t'ien
ts'ung*
yeh
ling
word "whole"
yeh can only be properly applied to places at a distance from
human
is
rendered by
i.
habitations.
There are no pheasants here.
Wild
flowers.
Wild
grasses.
village.
The term can be applied
Obs.
This mountain pass
The peak ahead
He
is
is
of us
to
any
collection of houses, large or small,
impassable in winter.
is
very sharp pointed.
a countryman, and conies from Men-t'ou Ts'un.
Obs.
Men-t'ou Ts'un, the village of Men-t'ou.
That
is
a cemetery.
where there
is
no resident
official.
TZU ERH CHI.
156
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE XXX.
I- Taiwan
(Formosa) is a place in the sea,
south-east of China, the northern and southern
{ki2fl$5Pîtil]il'i!l
'0
^7
tli
^
^
5j
^jr '
ft
;^
5.
~~5
7U>
7u
*. tt
:
sag
extremities of which are very mountainous,

the heights being of considerable elevation
AE
'/
lî
iJj
Very mountainous
06s.
ft
ft
ê
mountam scenery
very 1>iclu "!sqm
at the
is
same time
the mountain heights are both numerous and large. Were they not lofty as well as
would be ch'ang, long, or k'uan, broad ; but not to, great.
extensive, their tao-'rh, or extent (48),
Ml
E3
-fa
>p M,
-ft
qy
~~K
-&
<sAH
J\
=ri
,tf=t
.fir
j\.
tvft
XI 2
The
(rivers, streams, lakes,
-J
terms
general
chiang
phrase
the
and
ho-
hai 3
InC1
seas) designates in
waters
greater
of
the
Empire.
lH
3'
^* ur
-^M
^?
9BT
KWJ
TL
XI
'A,,
ffi
j'G
fe
a lake in
The Great River: the chiang mien,
i.
6ft
1
>T
in the direction
li,
*K
*U
XI
scenery
m,
fine
tt
il
.^
._.
"
06.^
it is
"tfe
il
^.
fsj*
^
,.,
m/
lit.,
ll^
S
t,
will
do
'O
_y
is
^c
then, there
5?B
cfciw,
4-
is
places.
Of. ssft hsia

is
'
li,
its
breadth with a lake
We
in every direction.
precisely the same.
The course
west to east
of the Great River
vesse ^ s fr
from
is
Hupeh to Kiangsi
the whole way.
Tlie
to
is
rather
Kiangsi
you get
the stream
with
when
S-
are
The mountain peaks
no two
alike.
7C.
Sf*
narrow
tolerably good.
Also a height the construction
a sftam-Zmy]
breadth.
its
^"> HV
rivers here are su
long) River in
(lit.,
but the meaning
gO
hsia,
Js.
* - m
fine
li
7w?
SB
Rather
of, k'ltan,
ite
***
ifc
06s.
K'uan
SR 4
'IP
hsia,
many
surface, of the Great
$T
3K
a.
-^
li
sma^
J can ^ e crosse(i by movable bridges.

The Great River (the Yangtze) is as broad as
^ ne
4b
);
^K
when
A/t
fl
also invert the expression, as ch'ang
ijj
^J"*
=ln
mutually (639) the same.

Breadth hiia
06s. 2.
may
lii
*^ a*
06s.
[is]
XI
^fe
3
pointed; a shanking
of peaked form.
is
somewhat
elliptical
not that pointed form.
g.rf.,
a shan-ling
is
in a
shn
-feng
shan-feng is lofty and

also a height, but not
is
also high [like a shan-fcng,
but
PART
7)
III.
6.
%>
157
The term chien
-'rk
the point of
to
applied
or the like.
be equally
a pencil,
may
a knife,
%
"/.
Term
i.
force can be seen at once
was
a tzH~yen-'rh,
character eye.
illustration
It
is
extremely
difficult to
thus, of hung, red, one
analyse this expression with any success, but
would say that the
tz&, character,
its
was hung, and that
it
term, for a particular yen-she, colour.
The
t)bs. 2.
lit.,
by
understand che tsung (525) yang-tz-il ti, this kind of ones, after pi chien.
Were too chien
Note sh(n-mo, any, anything.
can be applied to anything.
like:
and pi chien omitted, the sentence would run
7-
v-r
TO
^
yu
P.
iV
-ftfr
t
k
i.
>bs. 2.
no river water to speak of in

is drunk is well water.
Trade in the capital
qy
fiyt
A,
Where:
lit,
for the
most
Regarded
^?
/L
9- ^^ e countr y outside the city walls

where there are comparatively few habitations
4
3
i s cail e d
ye^ i ; even when there are graves
it it is
so rearded.
outside the walls a not-having-men's-houses' place [men] consequently (chiu)
lit,
together with having grave's [place men] also reckon yeh
A
A,
A
~f
"5T
yeh
ti.
Ia He is a >' okel ( vilLl ?er). and dreadraw That cemetery is very large, and
to a wealth famil
must bel
"
can s
can't
swim very
this river
across.
It is
call
ti.
s.
is
con ducted in shops on the great streets

j] ie ] anes an(j small streets are
e Bouses
principally dwelling-houses.
m
06s.
is
what
P art
-^
tHi
3*
-<h
.tft
There
the capital
contended by purists that/u 4 , to swim, should be written
far.
It is too
Could you swim across

wide for me to swim
158
TZtT
Turn
the
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
follmuing into Chinese.
Formosa has been Chinese
i.
ERH
territory for
There are
more than two hundred years.
mountain ranges in the north and south in
The
which are several very lofty peaks.
country (place)
it]
there
are
not very extensive, but [hi

some small rivers the fields
is
on the banks of which produce many things.

It contains both villages and towns, the inhabitants of which are of the
(mm2
Chinese
jen
same type
common
as the
am
people).
told that there are several places inhabited

savages, most of whom make their living
do not form
by
scattered about, and
are (live)
They
thieving.
by
village
most part with Chinese of

however (ch'io), ships from the various
for the
it)
late,
European countries have frequented the place,

and there are foreigners who have taken up
their residence there in order to carry on
business.
i.
ritory there are
06s.
3,
!>*.
2.
Obs.
3.
06s. 4.
sive
06s.
term
Has been:
lit.,
two hundred
la
Chinese
is
ter-
and south
5.
common
and upwardThe
[pro-
ceeding against the stream], appears to flow

with even greater rapidity [than it does]. The
smaller rivers are narrow and winding, and
are navigated only by river boats
travellers
;
by road
may
Obs.
i.
them by
cross
walking accomplish large

Obs. 2.
floating bridges.
Perfectly navigable
very
lit.,
much can
vessels.
Downward
current:
the water that
lit.,
flows downwards.
That country possesses (yu) several

large lakes, which (the surfaces of which) are
very extensive and resemble the sea hi size.
3.
In the
lakes, too, there are
mountain peaks
and small
they are navigable for both large
The moment there
is
a high wind
the waves are really terrible.

Size
O6s.
ta
li
hsia.
See Exercise
XXX,
3,
2.
2.
Fields
t'ien ti (Radical 102).
Produce
4.
ch'u ch'an (see 635), with the
Same type
as
t'ung
min
jen
(Chinese
Savages
Obs.
They
yeh jin,
men
the ground
live,
men saw 3
5.
street.
t'a,
villages.
Frequented
lit., of late, however, there
arc (have been) extreme-west (tai hsi) various-nation's
8.
nan2
is
where
the
a matter of great labour
Labour
hen fei
s/iih ;
lit.,
much expends
have a friend who
went
to look
lives in a small
him up the other
day,
got into the wrong lane and did not
find his house.
but
male.
811. tfR yeh-, properly, a father
but forming part of certain appellations of honour, also
of other words.
812. 5j| ntang-, properly, a
mother
813. tyj yu*, of tender years.
too hard.
effort (matter).
of the wilds.
about
is
some places
are
of wells
making
and do not form (ch'eng)
live scattered
cho chu, they scattered
810. ;?j
There
06s.
Obs. 6.
06s.
bound junks find it very slow [work].

downward current, as seen from a boat
subjects) i ko yang.
7.
is
the water rises (grows),
[the current] flows very rapidly,
Obs.
the produced things many.
When
large vessels.
Exercise
cf.
T'ai hsi kuo
go.
2. China has several rivers, both large

and deep, which are perfectly navigable for
years.
north
the
Formosa
come [and]
for foreign countries in general.
vessels.
06s.
XXX,
vessels [that]
Some
[communities].
people, too, say that these savages are cannibals.
The people who do business there deal
(do
(KEY, EXERCISE XXX.)
but in certain combinations, any woman.
PART
814. Ipc pei

815.
a class
Examples
III.
an order
159
a generation.
men
^<;o
niang
J| chang
wo3
fJJ
3
jg lao
JjJ
nari'
'7-^
>j?
men
ffi
2
niang'
skao 4
yeh*
3
$f o hao
Jg
-wa-n,
AoJen
lacP
shih 4
pei*
Man and woman.

One's wife
a woman.
Obs.
Nil jen could only be used of the speaker's own wife.
That
is
my
husband.
Your worship
universally applied to
standing
Is
it
any
Obi.
much
the
title
Mr.
given to chii jen, or graduates of the second grade, but
title
it
below the rank of District Magistrate, or indeed any person of education and
to our Esquire.
Shao*, not shao*.
Note that
language ni
in polite
m&n
is
either singular or plural.
to play.
Women.
Pronounce nia'-'rh nun.
wife's family.
Old and young.

vim.
the
originally
your son well
obit.
a gentleman
officials
answers very
Men.
or,
Lao-yeh was
Obs.
Note shao 4
Old and young.
generation.
Of a generation
Of a generation
816.
^G wan
"rfit
than
earlier
to trifle
817.
4jf-
skua3
818.
j|f|
cJi'un
819.
^ pen
Aiff
later
than he.
to play.
to flourish, as a
I.
weapon
loutish in form or mind, or both.
of things, unwieldy
in fencing
of persons, stupid.
1
820. jp^ tat silly; idiotic; abstracted; abstractedly.
,
821.
Examples:
Tgt
skua 3
^ck'icn
2
J}|J
sitmi?
4
-///' //"
fife.
fa 1
shih 1
pieh
hsiao
pen*
2
'"""'
"fj|
clring*
pu
tai 1
t'ou 2
shih*
ted
55
wan2
nao3
ft 'rh
fife,
A >'""
fa 1
ch'un?
io 4
is
now
160
ERH
TZfr
are fond of play (or, practical joking).
Young people
He
is
He
is
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
playing (or joking).

This method is rude, clumsy.
a loutish fellow.
silly creature.
This business (or matter) is no joke (or, child's play).

He is dazed with study a bookworm absorbed in his books.
;
To gamble.
Don't [try and] fool me.
4
f^ mao
822.
properly, a covering for the head a word descriptive of obtrusiveness, of

let alone, of things that happen inopportunely out of place.
doing that which one ought to

823. fff
3
skuang of weather,
break, as a promise
or to
fail in,
at rest, as
eking
825.
$f
sku1 properly, open
826.
JJJH
/it
complying
827. JfH ckien

its
829.
830.
ft
unrolled.
obedient.
very
means
It also
2
,
difficult;
Nan 4
difficult.
to be in error.
It
Often combined with the following.
has
besides.
many meanings
but used in combination with the following nariz without
difficulties or misfortunes.
ka l the sound of loud laughter.

,
Examples:
ta4
sku1
1
F shu
'rh
%
k'uai 4
nV*
ffc
-fife
ckien 1
pieW
ta*
ha
l
B^ ^ ka
1
~f liao
$J yo
To walk
is
|H
nan
fjf
B& ka
pfc
B^ ha
fft
"/$
eke
hua
nan'
shuo1
z
jj lien
ni*
^
jji,
JJ che
pu
too 4
^; o tsou?
ching
AJen
cko-
4
ff
f w
pu
mao*
tzii
Jen*
an
tsou
sken 1
-g
Ijjfc
ti
jf|
fiM
~f liao
65
He
Also, to
meaning.
HI nan
828.
of persons, lively, free from care.
opposed to unquiet.
pp
as an engagement.
824.
intensifying
bright, cheery
ck'i
t'u
4
fj cku
cho
fife
shvan^
^f tzH
f@
/,
o4
shih 4
mao
skill
-
t'a
skik4
^|,
1,-u.i
in the rain.
a blundering fool (a person
who
says and does the wrong thing at the wrong time).
In brisk health.
Bracing, cheerful weather.
He is a smart, energetic fellow
promptitude.
also,
man who
speaks to the point and acts with
PAET
is
161
man.
quiet, steady
This
III.
a comfortable house to live
in.
would not be incorrect to say che shih ko shu fu fang-tzU, but the first rendering is preferable, as thenare many coses in which shu fu. cannot be used as a simple qualifying adjective ; thus, we could not say ihu fu ma,
shu fu i-tzu, a comfortable chair, but would have to insert the verbs to ride and to sit on
;i comfortable horse, or
It
I'//,.
respectively, as in the
I
you
am
example above.
not satisfied with this statement of yours
or, I
object to or protest against what
say.
[He] finds difficulty even in walking.

You don't mean to say (lit., it is hard to say, you cannot say with truth) that you are
not comfortable.
i
Too, to say
H>*.
Shuo may be omitted.
(see 48).
He
has broken his compact.

Ho roared with laughter.
Don't
831.
humbug me
jjjjj
nai*, to
832. JB. hsiu 1 ,
don't
or,
"
me
stuff
up."
endure, either in the sense of to put
shame
up with
or to last.
to be ashamed.
833. Jfp jw4 jus , to insult.

,
834.
g>j" t'ao
to exact
to
demand
to provoke.
835. $ff hsien?, to dislike.

836.
Examples:
3
JH Ian?
t'a>
chang*
pu*
fa 1
lean
2
hslen
!>'
shao 3
lut "
hsiu
t'ao
ft
fJ
t'ao
yet that
[Men who
man
32.
nn
t'ien
fjfc
t'ao
Hif
3
%jji
hsieu 2
cli'ih
will be all right.
did not insult them.
are] fond of eating and lazy at work (people who like to
person's expense) provoke

I object to his
chin'
shih*
nai*
kuo
Get over the next two days (or, few days) and you
This won't last long (or, wear well).
And
hsiu1
ti
A Jen
hai*
c/ie
ych
mei 2
live at
another
people's dislike.
want of
cleanliness.
He
has come for payment of his bill (or, to dun for debts).
Are you not ashamed ? Have you no shame ?
Obs.See
424.
beggar.
He
objects that
it is
not enough
he
is
not satisfied with what he has got.
21
162
TZtJ
ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE XXXI.
We
i.
two were skylarking together just

me over the head with a
now, and he hit
Be a
more quiet; don't be too

rough you must remember that your brother
is of tender
years and cannot stand such
stick.
JS
JL
fflf
m A
7.
Jt
JB
little
rough treatment.
*r
Rough treatment
06s.
^ W ^
&
&
HA
i.
1&
3&
fit
"M?
HsR
/2V
Indisposed:
cannot endure such rough hands and feet [as you lay upon him].
lit.,
^
^ MH
It's
posed.
Qnjy
deficient in repose (624);
lit.,
I hear, sir,
2.
g^
lj tt j e
that you are a
little indis-
nothing at all to speak of;

Qut Q f g ort g
this is a polite
am
form of address reserved for equals or
superiors.
2.
Out
of sorts
lit.,
on (or
in)
my body
not comfortable.
3.
sft.
06s.
Spell
JLft
ft
it,
:^
To
35 S&
fflf
tai, to abstract
^ ^
ffi
it
3A.
^|
oneself
^\
am
J^
VH-
fF
be
This
afraid.
new
coat of
mine won't
It's difficult to
say
if
continually in the rain of course

spoilt.
To take a
last long,
you wear
it will
soon
spell.
tr
q.d.,
from work that
fy 4
is
engaging one's attention.
4-
That insulting manner of
his
is
really
most annoying.
s-4.JC.rViS
The words nan 2 nil3 mean simply men

and women. The rebels slew all, without dis5.
tinction of age or sex.
6. Were you to say his whole family, lao*

and yu4 were sick alike, you would mean
,
that both those
who were
and those who were
of respectable age
of tender years were all
indisposed without distinction.

06s.
ch'ing, light
Respectable age
lit.,
years high
q.d.,
piled up, as opposed to the lesser burden of years, which
is
PART
J$L
fi*J
4ki
M.
3
yti
E=
-B&
5iL
3&
^
^
ftfi
III.
?fO
!&
The generation which is the contemporary of your father and your grandfather
7-
"H
the chan<f pei
is
E3
^.^
IE
3ft
(senior generation): tliat
-"^
î
t%.
163
7ft
the contemporary of your son and

3
grandson is the wan pei* (junior (or later)
which
is
generation).
nil*,
Contemporary
i.
lit.,
the with [a man's] grandfather and father one and the same generation's
om
the senior generation, etc.

Obs.
JSto
/I'T
Grandfather
2.
3P
3fe
fjff
H.
A4f
333
|_l_.
&
where tsufu combined make one word
OS.
^f=^
T!?
/&
fit
;^
Ifa
t/j"
BI
~r
r=i
/&
ffl^. o
jax
see 660,
T*
XE
T.
S K
T.
a *.*
A 7> it m
xE
.tt
0!n.
I beg your pardon
of apology, such as
xH
fill
off
&fi
yu
lit.,
8.
am
wrong, I
annoying.
are
am wrong
I really
you so
against
careless
me;
You have
is
it
really
most
beg your pardon.
did not pay attention.
There are other form>
tsui (852), etc.
ifo
^ &
'l^t
ilk
$ft
6*1
9'
*M
:||
D0
HI
$t
J/Lt
-Ao ov
B^
tyS*
i^
^ ou
are to
a î*^ 6 more smart.
an
H*G
Why
bumped up
;E^
they are here separate.
^retM^û-^> awkward; be
Mind your own business
idiot like yourself to
attempt (want) to
find fault with other people
/5s
Mind your own business (or, what is that to you?): lit., do you take charge of (or mind) me? Great
must
be laid on Teuan, which, preceding a character in the third tone, is of course in the second.
The
emphasis
as
it
is
not
the
final
must
with
be
used
discretion,
very polite. Emphasise
jen.
expression
o//<.
ill
M-l
tf+
tffrt
^.
&
^S
m.
T m m &
l.
y\
Obs.
2.
'^
lit.,
fffl
^S
indeed a hard task for us to
is
^ve ^rom ây
to
such an able
man
^ ay-
remain in obscurity
as
all
-^ e
you
his
little
patient;
surely not
will
life.
m.
Able: neng nai, ability;
Obscurity
^JfelO
"J"
not confined to skill acquired by practice.
the lead.
10. It
fjBJ
5Pl
Obs.
is
Hll
lit.,
the ability that
Cf. also
is
acquired by patient application.
n&ng kan, capable,
not put out the head
come
The term, however,
able, or capability (582).
to the front
make
oneself prominent
also, to
take
164
ERH
TZt)
Turn
1.
the
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
follmoing into Chinese.
In the street yonder there
is
going through some performance.

lot of people,
CHI.
a fellow
whole
men and women,

Have
are looking at him.
old and young,

you heard of it ?
Performing shva wan i erh ; lit., brandishThe term is used of any performance,
ing playthings.
<nch as juggling, performing with a dancing bear, etc.
06s.
2.
When
You've just found that out, have you ?

I was out in the street a little while
ago I saw a lot of
men and women
standing
must be some perthere;

or
other
formance
going on, otherwise what
would a lot of people be gaping at? I was
I
thought there
going to have a look, when, at the very

moment, a man in a blundering manner put
"
You haven't been
a question to me said he,
just
I
have you quite recovered?"
and
was
no
other
saw it
gave one glance,
(KEY, EXERCISE XXXI.)

t(H|iii,-ilism
matter out, but you are

06s.
than a certain
member
of our family of the
certainly a disagreeable creature.

06s.
ni,
you
i.
still
You've just found that out: ni hai sliuo

speak of it, is an idiomatic col-
(or just)
837.
HI
838.
ktuig
839.
!g)J
c/('o
huancf, august
1
the morning
Obi. 3.
Otherwise
talking about
pu jan, were
it
it."
not thus.
Gaping at: tai-cho lien-'rh

faces.
Note the participial
3.
so
Isn't the
know
i'</, looking
force of cho.
man you
his father
speak of So-anda very steady man,
exceedingly brisk, both in action and speech.

Several years ago he was not very well off,
but I judge from his appearance of late that
he
are
is
now very comfortable. Times, I imagine,

easier with him than they used
somewhat
to be in the early days.

06s. i.
Inaction: hsingshih, in the putting through
(causing to progress) of business.
06s.
2.
Judge from
lit.,
of late looking at his
that fashion (appearance), on the other

comfortable.
06s.
think
3.
Times are somewhat
hand (tuo) very
easier, etc.:
days compared with original

(hsim) good to pass a little.
it is
(/<"</<)
imperial.
any dynasty of China.
properly, a hall of assembly; specially, the Emperor's Court.
841.
Examples:
r/('ao
ft
ying
2
kai 1
ch'uan 1
mao*
The place where the Emperor

The Emperor
hou*
chiu
skill*
?"/
ch'iur
shang*
ti
lives is the Imperial Palace.
ch'aa?
Kt, the august [one] above.
city.
kuang
llll/dllf
ch'u*
tai*
c/t'ao
[I]
brtnrr
not used colloquially.
t'biff,
lit.,
4. If you are insulted by people it is

not very hard to bear with them a little
why get into a rage ?
properly, to see the Emperor, as at Court
$i
The Imperial
still
an imperial palace.
840.
06s.
2.
with abstracted
very well,
same generation as myself; he had grown

loutish and awkward, and I have no idea
what his conversation was all about. He is
something equivalent to "that's i-tali news;

knew all about it long ago, and t.ilkol tlir
other people
shang*
chu*
Rend
PART
III.
165
In the time of the Ming dynasty.
The Court.
When
one goes to Court one ought to put on a Court dress and hat.
4
842. $l|
i']i/i')i
843.
liii
844.
to insist
(j
to set
to
up
descend
Colloquially, rarely, except in time.
to approach to.
will or inclination.
845.
J%
liaixf,
846.
chin*, to prohibit.
847.
Examples
also, superior to.
Often, over-energetic; violent;
ch'iang*, energetic.
on against a person's
Chiang*, obstinate
Ck'ifin/f;
self-willed.
virtuous; good.
&
l/ir
m>r
ch'icn-
&
sh'th*
chin*
J|
cli'ifnirf-
cluh 3
fo
]><t
5g chiang*
ti
ti
$!
Yamens
to establish.
mer
t't(
im
ftf}
metr
ck'ao 2
t/
t'hi ;
are established by the Court.
When he was on the point of starting

He is superior to other people.
He is terribly violent.
he insisted on having
my
monc'y.
Devoid of moral sense (or conscience).

Obs.
Liang
hsin,
lit.,
virtuous heart,
is
the innate goodness of man, who, according to Chinese ethics,
is
horn
virtuous.
To answer (argue with) a

Gambling is prohibited.
Honest (law-abiding)
The
superior.
subjects.
direct relations with the people (the Chih-hsien,
official in
commonly
called
the
District Magistrate).
848.
^j
wet 2 to do
849.
gl
fei
850.
fan
851.
^f|i
fan*, to stumble against; to offend; to incur a penalty.
852. pj*
8,
to be.
wrongdoing, in a grave sense
to turn upside
in id*,
down
properly, punishment
wrongdoer.
on the contrary
also, offences,
hence, to rebel.
great or small.
Obs.
s*# 3 to
853.
^B
854.
!H tang
3
,
die.
a gang
band
a political party
class.
See Exercise
XXXI,
TZU ERH CHI.
166
855.
Examples
fy
fit
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
inn
]j
2
/&o mi>> 9
A.
The bad characters
&/
3
5E wti
-^
shih*
Sfit
tang
jj^
kai 1
|H fei
&
she n2
-M tou1
ft3
A j^
che*
3
fjgf
chih 1
liao
~j"
|f
If
of that place have rebelled.
T'u fei must be natives of the locality. Fei can be applied to any individual who
misdemeanours, but it is generally understood to refer to banditti or rebels.
06*.
Sorry to have troubled you

06s.
for
Nan
via
is
much
It is essential that those
guilty of grave
is
obliged.
constantly used courteously,
a favour and as an acknowledgment of one.
06s.
/<-i
"
May
Distinguish wei*
trouble you to,"
nan 1
" Much
obliged," both as a request
to be in difficulties, difficult.
who break the laws be punished.
Chili tsui, to treat an offence
q.d.,
with punishment.
Chih ping, to treat a complaint
q.d.,
or
with medicine.
Dead.
06s.
is
Of persons
it
is
common
to use the
euphemism kuo
ch'ii liao,
he has passed away
pu
tsai liao,
he
no more.
These bandits are

06s.
all
of one gang.
Tseifei must be bandits or rebels.
What
penalty ought they to receive ?

is the name of the punishment (what
It should be death.
O6s.
Tsui ming: what
He was
06s.
strangled.
Note that there
another term for the punishment of death by strangulation.
|j
See 507.
is
856. ^f? clteny 1 to emulate

857.
particular penalty) [they] ought [to receive]
ton*, to fight,
to
wrangle
to fight with.
with or without arms
but not used of war.
lino*, a signal, visible, as a flag; audible, as a bugle call; a verbal order; a

or
number.
Also, to call, or the name by which a person is called by his friends,
sign, style,
in contradistinction to his ming 2 or cognomen by which he is known to his
family.
858. Hfc
859.
860.
fijif
citing*, quiet,
as a country free from disorder.
Examples:
Bjj
P
1,
fj|
^Cj
foil
k'ou s
/'""'
//'
'*
.,
chivy*
f|| o Jiaii
^
^g
x/<
Ejp
tzii*
J&
ti*
1
('"'-'
mo
S| hao*
"J* o litio
f}
hit
altili*
ii
-jj
fiinii
-^
pu*
2
:g she"
4Jjf
an 1
Jjfc
mo
"f
hx'ut*
chemj
|if]
jfg
J!j
t'u
J^J
t'mi<f
ton*
ch'i
lur
j^
15
^
jif
2><>'
PART
The
The
The
the
fifth
and the people began
local rowdies
What
III.
(or,
the style of your

country is disturbed.
hong
style of a reign,
that
by which
is
i.e.,
its
have begun) to fight with each other.
years are called
thus,
TAG KUANG wu nwn,
TAG KUANG.
the number (sc.,
year of
What
is
Sao
06s.
t'ou-'rh;
lit.,
of a despatch, house in a street, etc.)

the number or distinguishing mark on the head, front, or
A password.
A soldier's uniform.
So
06s.
is
167
from the hao, the distinctive number or name of regiment, marked on the circular patch which
called
sewn on the breast and back of most
861.
862.
863.
^1
7||5[
'"Jen
grace
s/te
soldiers' jackets.
goodness shown to an
pardon; amnesty.
inferior.
Used only of Imperial pardons.
mien 3 to avoid; to cause to avoid; to dispense with; to forgo.
Hence
under certain circumstances, to

864.
Hf sr,
865.
Examples
top.
swi
let off; to
also,
pardon.
following after; according
to.
Ho
ch'ien
|f sul
fl$
k'ou3
HI,
luan*
shih*
|& shuo
'
su 1 '
hsia*
hid*
mien3
2}J
la 2
Jf to
te
$|
ti
|jt
hei
shih*
$H
^Q
chia-n;/
|fc
she*
$f
mien 3
!jfr
shih*
Jl hiutn ; f
3
1
_fc
shany*
ti
j;(f;t
&t*t
EH sui*
f/ei*
The Emperor's bounty
tfa
or goodness.
"sew tien: tien, the standard, canon, or law of bounty or favour.

The term, though now universally
of kindness shown by superiors to inferiors, was originally confined to Imperial acts of
to
acts
applied
grace, which were
a tien, canon, standard, or law for others to follow.
06s.
He came back
06s.
pardoned from the Black Dragon River (the Amoor).

is a common place of banishment for officials and soldiers
guilty
The Amoor region
Sit
down
To
talk recklessly
as
like, to
you
to let one's tongue
Expenditure of money
06s.
Nan
is
run away with one.
hardly avoidable.
has here almost the sense of a negative
Come from time
of crimes.
save bother.
unavoidable.
It is often thus
used courteor
to time.
To be guided by circumstances.
06s.
moment
Lit, according to time following after (or up) matters
require.
As you
06s.
please
This
may
or, at
your convenience.
be used either courteously or otherwise.
to deal with
11
matter as [the conditions of] the
168
T/f
ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE XXXII.
As
i.
end approached
his
and
his sons
grandsons began to wrangle about the property.
fll
ft
2
2
Liang min (good subjects;
2.
tuous people) are those

against the laws.
ft
if,
ft
or, vir-
who do not
offend
When high officers go to Court, do

not
enter the huuncf kung 1 1 No the
they
1
huang* kung is the place in which the Em3.
_t
peror
to
and
lives,
even high
is
officials
forbidden ground, which
have never been allowed
visit.
ft
06s.
Never
lit.,
[by] heretofore [existing] law are not permitted to go
_t
4.
to.
Number
these despatches for me, com-
mencing the numbers with the
Obs.
Commencing,
etc.:
lit.,
it
from the very front days numbering commence.

5. Our chief (or master) has issued an
order forbidding the servants to gamble
if
the prohibition is disregarded, [the offender]
will certainly
J2TJ*
Obs.
:*
Ti
lit.,
the
fan
y^V
XV
& **
ft
A*
'13?
!oJ
-fcb
ffi
58?
ffif
HI
6.
You
the laws
ness.
if
hardly escape a breach of
will
this unprincipled businot be better to behave as
you pursue
Would
it
than to act hi an
5x.
an honest
manner 1 and yet you won't behave

it is
Note
be punished.
chin, disregard of the prohibition, certainly will be (yao) a punished one.
earliest date.
really
citizen
illegal
like
one
most strange.
that wei fei may mean to play the robber, or become a rebel, though the title can be earned by
the commission of any act of an intentionally illegal nature ; thus, smuggling, brawling, gambling, etc., come within
the category of wei fei.
06s.
PART
flf*
III.
two raay squabble as much as

u
ease
y
pl
only don't come to blows, for that
would be beyond a joke.
$3*
/^
As much
O6s.
as
you please
>
gwi, short for gin jn'ew,
according to your convenience or inclination.
Â
A
06s.
remitted)
bounty
otfence against a private individual can be k'lian mien,
common
a more
<>bs. 2.
Criminal
is
expression
condoned
(lit.,
q.d.,
^H
-C/^
It
&
ft. It
&
9E
ofcx.
i.
4i)i
Se * sunstroke.
Hi I
ffco
:
^,
u won>t
tne sun> an(^ y
matter
It doesn't
treat his complaint,
.Sunstroke
Impori.il
against the laws.
m
'gtf
by
liberal remission; q.d., of penalties
jacf.
fanj&n, a man who offends
of
she can only be applied to Imperial pardons or the diminution of sentences
Note that
i.
An
The pardon
criminals always proceeds from the Emperor's
ii
eoniiiiand.
Seneral amn esty.
how you
he must die sooner or
shou ji can be used of any complaint caused by the action of the sun, whether directly
or indirectly.
nhs. 2.
Doesn't matter
lit.,
you may
treat his complaint according to
||]
"7
off-
Aft
,|tfe
10
it
how [you
please].
The Sovereign is guided by places

circumstances in his establishment of
10.
an(i
local authorities to be in near relations with
Bb
5T
ov
iki.
Â
^ ^
the people.
If the local authorities
govern
wisely (well), quiet naturally prevails.
Obi.
Is guided
lit.,
following (acting according to) place, considering chvumstunces establishes officers
the
the
[tor
government of]
locality.
Ti-fang Iman does not include exclusively judicial, fiscal, or educational
Ching (859) must
authorities, nor, in the capital, the departments of the central government, unless these be executive.
:
not be confounded with ching (824)

of the individual.
Turn
the
the former applies to conditions of place, and the latter to the character or state
(KEY, EXERCISE XXXII.)
many years ago there was a

LIN who wanted to be Emperor.
Before he rebelled he distributed his sworn
subsequently got known (lit., was broken),

and he himself was arrested. His sworn fol-
confederates here and there
months
i.
man
great
called
[till] they were

his men were even [to
lowers continued in rebellion for very

in
Sworn confederates
[posted] every where

be found] in the forbidden
ates to the death.
Imperial Palace.
distributed.
ground of the
His arrangements (the affair)
bs.
Obs.
I.
2.
many
Shantung and Honan.
Distributed:
pu san
ss& 3 lang 3 , confeder(406), arranged ami
22
170
ERH
TZtJ
2.
When
the people rebel the
sends (orders) a high
hear that that fellow Li has com-
6.
Emperor
mitted a grave crime some people say that

he is certain to be sentenced to death. He
to pacify the
the high official is
official
When
listurbed country.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
when men become
about to start he has to go to Court to see
deserves
the Emperor.
they cannot escape capital punishment.

men of that stamp are not put to death,
Obs.
3.
It
Pacify
What
p'ing ling
is
to level
lit.,
number
the
and
fix.
of that despatch
of the establishment of the
the place where the
place
it
Date
cup of tea
").
what
Cockfighting is a pastime in which

virtuous people do not indulge.
It is a most
5.
to be prohibited
law.
by
ku 3 ancient.
867.
nJilJi
868. -fL
be
will
my
particularly dread
you
shall
and ought
(matter),
866. ~fj
\H
see
to drink.
Then you
9.
amusement
time to time.
not a rich man, I am always

Although
able to give you a bowl of rice to eat and a
If
trouble.
disreputable
me from
see
am
nien fen ; lit., year distribution, the

occupies in the cyclical distribution of time.
Obs.
Come and
8.
southern capital
quite correct; still,

that the man Li
would have become a robber
Emperor resides is called cJ/m// (the capital),

and so that city was called Nan-ching (the
"
is
say
who would have thought
northern capital (the city of Peking) is not

tar back (yuan 3 ).
The Court was formerly
established in the South
If
how
What you
7.
The date
burglars
can honest people gain a quiet livelihood ?

Obs.
Burglars see Exercise XXI, 4, Obs. 2.
has not yet been numbered.

4.
for
it,
you
come
i.
Obs.
2.
giving people
will really let
in this way,
06s.
is
true friend, for
you
me come
will see
whether
to
I
often or not.
True friend
Let me,
etc.
lit.,
good
friend.
chiao wo.
4
,
an age; a generation.
surname of Confucius.
properly, a hole; the
L-'nnif',
869. li? nhnii/*, virtuous as heaven; sainted; canonised.

/
870.
fH JM
generally, a scholar
specially, a Confucianist, as
opposed to the Taoist and
Buddhist
871.
Examples
'
ft
/"-
-p a
tzti?
fJC
kit?
J> 1
c/((Vw
Itou
$5
dt'exfl
fjjj
fa
ft
IS ch'eng
ti
taint*
fy
t'a
icc'f
rhltllfl
k'n9
|| j/
In
all
JL
^'f
"'''"'
A Jen
ages Confucius has been honoured and styled the Sacred Man, and his doctrine
has been styled Confucianism.

Obs.
Lit., from of old till now
all
have
(are)
honoured Confucius.
PART
III.
Future generations posterity.

K'UNG Fu-tzu (Confucius).
;
The great master Confucius
Obs.
fu-tzil,
a sage, a master, a distinguished man.
Emphasise
h*'i.
"curio" shop.
Obit.
Ku wan : lit., ancient gems
872.
|$
873.
fa
2
,
874. Ill
txo*,
875.
seng
876.
Also, with
chiti
a temple.
properly, a seat or throne

1
ffjj
.sir,
1
,
applied to any objects of vertu that are not absolutely new.
Buddha.
-minti*,
Jjjj\
also,
the numerative of
cities,
temples, etc.
a Buddhist priest.
common
properly,
in vulgar use
but under certain conditions, a layman.
Confucian.
most commonly a conjunction, not in frequent use

merely phonetic; as htr-shanc/*, a Buddhist priest.
877. t^T shunt/*, properly, eminent; but
When
colloquially.
linked to ho- (210),
N. B.
Emphasise
878.
Examples:
"6"o
it is
ho'.
ku3
yu
~}j
fang
jeir
J(.
{&.
&J
ti
ffi
f@
kt>*
lan
Jf o
too 4
sir
^f
chia l
ft ko*
shann*
jfo
""
ch'Ktuf-
JJ
ffi, sluing*
s
~.
sail
f@fa>
ti*
ff
^ pai*
$ fo'
c/n ;t
ft hir
J&feng
icri*
tso*
$$
^g miao*
seiif/*
yeli
%Q ho~
%>l'r
ffl
f| ,-hr
famla^
shancf
To worship Buddha.
A Buddhist temple.
How many priests are
there in this temple
Three priests and a servant

06s.
be.
temple servant
Note that Taoist
the
(or,
Zoo'-tao*,
temple
coolie).
but the character of the
is
common
merely phonetic
layman, as opposed to
When
indeed, both
may
style
as /en;/
si/,
or in vulgar use.
Every city has a Confucian temple (or temples).

Win miao: lit., temples of literature, as opposed to mi
Lao-yeh, the God of Wai-.
is
or morality, of a district (or locality).

its original
meaning, wind, feng, also means manner, deportment, or
Obi.
Oba.
sound
In addition to
manner that
Ti, or
latter
priests are also styled lao-tao.
The customs,
06x.
is
hoP-sliang*,
priests renounce their
Early antiquity.
miao,
lit.,
military temples, temples to
Kmm
a priest.
vows and become laymen they are
said to
hiwm
sit
(105), return to laymen.
172
ERH
TZfl
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
Besides; moreover.
The Mahomedan
Obs.
is
Mussulman
faith.
called a hui-hui or hui-tzil,
is
though the
The term
latter is slightly opprobrious.
luii
said to be a reproduction of Turkish sounds.
879.
message
be a
$?
880.
communicate by tradition;
to
j|| i-h'iinn-,
to
medium
to propagate by preaching; to convey a

a
record or chronicle.
divan*,
of communication,
a canonical book or Buddhist sntra;
citing,
to pass through or by.
also,
In
composition, a sign of the past tense.

881. ffl
ch'ifti
k'lti
properly, the stalk of grain; applied to a clerkly kind of
writing somewhat corresponding
to our
round
882. 2|! KUnnl*, to follow one's nature; properly, in a
given
'1m Re-
text.
sense,
good
but in the example
below, careless.
883.
kng*, before adjectives, more.
884.
"/f|
ntuiif, thick, of fluids.
885.
Examples:
%{faf &
ft Vfc
69
ti
II keng*
tui*
ft,''
*
%
pu*
^
^
^
3
%$ hao
jg mien*
~TJ<"
''
^
^
Distinguish keng
mnur
shih*
aim
hieh 3
te
('a
flfc
Miff*
chin
tso
Bfe
shitai*
nan*
hsielt?
(570).
minrf
cli'en-
fa
liir
diium*
lixin*
fata
1
2J
ft rfcW,r
Shih*
'rh
change
fSo'W
><
g? hsieh
to
eli'iiun
fat
chhif/
jg kuo*
$l
t,i
ch'iiair
%fc
diiitu
$,ti
wu*
8
^
^
china
xhili*
:;
/'
Missionaries.
The Five
Ob*.
Lit.,
Classics (or Canons)
have been handed down by tradition from ancient
ancient times transmitted flowing
down come.
To convey a message.
biography (or record) of illustrious

Illustrious
Obs.
He
He
officials.
miiig, short for eh'u ming, to
make
name.
has been through a deal of trouble.

wrote his round text yesterday carelessly, and to-day even worse.
06s.
Ts'ao, grass,
Numf
amongst other meanings, has that of "hasty
(thick, glutinous)
886.
j$
887.
JJ!f ch'iang*,
t'ich
to stick
a wall.
is
;"
hence
its
combination with shuai.
the opposite of tun* (733) (weak, watery).
to be sticking
to,
as a placard
on a
wall.
times.
PART
III.
173
888. Iff ts'e.wf, layers or sections of various tilings, from front to rear, side to side, top
to bottom.
to be
889.
$[
JUKI*,
to
890.
^T
skill*
(Radical 113), to proclaim; a proclamation.
891.
Examples:
hang up
hung
up.
iju
ti
f/t't
81
t<i<>
/v/o
jjt
^
H
4
f.sv(('
HI
!/*
informing proclamations.
lit.,
a loop and hang
f/t''''(^'
it
(or
them) in
<],'<< n
$j
ti
C/tO
;"'".'/'
''/'
893.
Bfl
cli'il
894.
ffl)
ch'ou 1 to
895.
Examples:
cli'ini;/*,
jlf -trail
''
t>ty
gg o
I'nr
one above the other.
is
indicated
1
%$ ch'ou
fy
ft
:
}-v
He
sings pleasantly.
To
sing ballads.
Give us a song
ch'i lai.
by
Also, crooked
draw one out of many, as a
irniii/
not used alone colloquially.
is
to sing.
^f a
3
fa
this
one kind of songs.
Shih
up on the wall.
a two -fold principle.
layers,
892.
let's
1 '' 1 '
clt'il
ch'-ii
^.
1
/(>
^
|g
t'a
tortuous.
stick
from a faggot.
ffi jr''
^
^
3
.'/"
skill*
;<'
ffi
2
Tiewr/
^5 o
Jisini*
ck'ou
e/t'K
/((i
Pg cli'ani^
PJ|
cli'iinn
^|
eti'i'i?
'rh
3%
fg
pit*
ir<>"
ffc
fa1
Vf
1<>
(e
P||
1
e/i'rtx//
/'('y/.'/
||, r
hear you.
out the thread.
occupied and cannot get away (lit., draw himself out

[The river] takes a winding course to the east.
06s.
ffi
skill*
it
is
One above the other
He
t'tm
ts'enf?
Obs.
Draw
t'wt
5J 'rh
gates of every city there are proclamations posted.
In this matter there

Place
3f
skih*
$f die*
Proclamations
06s.
Make
tx'wf
%Jr
At the
is
We
can also say wan'
wan 1
ch'ii
ch'ii3 .
N.B.
Wan wan
q.d.,
from his work).
ch'u 3 ch'iP, but
ch'ii' ch'i'.'
min
174
T/f
ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL, SERIES.
EXERCISE XXXIII.
There
on the wall
It
hibiting
is
a proclamation posted (pasted)
at the gate of that temple pro-
women from
going
there to burn
incense.
fa
t, 2
52.
$E
in
-flSI
-A.
lia
^r
dead, and to-day

the Buddhist priests are going there to hold
a service (recite canons). Priests eat maigre
2.
(or,
Their grandfather
are vegetarians).
3.
(See 707.)
The proverb
you've got to-day
is
says,
"Just eat the
deal to-morrow with what
comes to-morrow (don't look ahead
rice
live for
This exactly corresponds with
the moment)."
your disposition.
.
i.
Just
2.
Exactly
rh'ieh; Hi., temporarily (616).

2
:
ta?iy-toig
-'r^.
See 760.
Are Laos -yeh l miao* (temples to Laothe God of War) Buddhist temples ? Yes.
4.
yeh,
Kuan Fu -tzti? is commonly called Lao-ych.

Kuan Fn-tzu is wen hua* (the literary style)
l
in colloquial parlance
he
is
Lao-yeh.
iven 2 -sJm l
(despatch) must be
written in round (clerkly) characters neither
"
"
(the
running hand nor grass characters
This
5.
tf
much
too,
abbreviated
must be
on the
LU
below
hill
i.
Kiinl
time
lit.,
picture
In
pull out [a portion of] leisure.
ink,
is
tier of
buildings in that temple

higher than the other (the one
it).
7.
The
thick.
Each
6.
form) will do.
Can you
?
Wang
long gone by.
find
time
l,v? (past
to
draw me a
antiquity)
is
tune
PART
la
WE
-^
-t
ftt
3L
1pJ
>**
"tt
"Sft
^
~
'
ffl
tit
1?F
itJL.
nil
Tb
*S
nl
F3
JIM
Ê-
&
xB
6-*t
fff}
m*
.
**=
-y
fW
f"
^T
IrJ
man
Mis
called (whose surname was) K'UNG.
doctrine was entitled by subsequent generations the sJieny* chiao1 (the doctrine of the
Sainted Man).
It is that most honoured in
Ihere was also contemporaneous with
this the doctrine of Lao 3 -tzti, which is caUed
/f:V
Ui.
4*1
China.
Hja
^ A
1
tfy
the doctruie of <ao 4 (reason or right).

The
doctrine of
Buddha was propagated (or
,
7
fr
-X
1 /
preached) by the sen^-ck'ta (priests) from the
x*-
ay/^/^^Mt-FFt-îL
S A
*6
H!
B^
1ft
-fit
-4-
cffr
^ ^
^ ^t
1*
n:
Ttr
In ancient times there was a sainted
8.
fd&i6li??6't[l-&i:
^c ^c
t
la H\J
44-11
175
..
^-
UJ
&4 ^t
S&
3X
Rv
/**
m
'
.31
3fi{-
3tX
i$t
I-H
4?-
1tra
THE FORTY EXERC1SKS.
III.
WL
^t,
ISl
5J<J
ff^
^ ^
iVi
-ftfr
"Si'
i*
^*
By
^
^
tPf-
?^0
rf
H?
II
^t o
6^1
who
^
^
-,*,
jg
for the
common
in
Those
parlance they are called ho^-shana*.
6*t
9.
Those who leave their homes
\v est<
honour of Buddha are seng-ckia
leave their
homes
r
for the
honour
i-
of
are too 4 -s/7i 4 (priests of too).

The s
chiao 1 (doctrine of Confucius) is also called ju*
Persons belonging to the ju 2 cA/"
chiao 1
<2
are called su z -chia l
(members of the ordinary

The three sects (or persuasions)
persuasion).
are spoken of collectively as
too 4 ju'
seng
(Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism).
subject
Obs.
i.
Most honoured
Oba.
2.
Also called
h,i.
3.
Collectively:
tmig ming ;
63
it
lit.,
-|-
AK?
Jid
1*5
fa*
the China most honours one.
the three doctrines all-including term

is
is
seng too ju.
Notii-e the
<-liin
;\\\<T
the
untranslatable in English.
Ign
"cf
^?
rVr
-kP
^M
it is
other name.
emphasises, but
=Cp
representing chiao;
ti
lit.,
nv
BV
5S
0y
There are
9-
some
many
temples in the capital;
are temples of Buddhist priests,
are temples of Taoist priests.

the books hi these sounds as
The
if
some
recital of
people were
singing songs.
Sounds as
06s.-
fashion.
Nien, to recite
if:
lit.,
the in that place reciting book's sound
is
with
men
singing songs one
ifr
Ufa
ItKl
5felO
S-
IO-
under
P as te d a
(or, at the
im.
i.
2.
Hua, a
Under
picture,
:
the
si
fresh piece of paper to-day
back
old picture
of) that ol
that lianas on the wall of
Obs.
(or,
see 122.
lit.,
may
on, but
also
it
mean a
scroll
with characters written on
must have been under, or
it.
at the back of, the picture.
mv
room.
TZU ERH CHI.
170
Turn
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
into Chinese.
In ancient days, more than 2,430 years

there lived (was) in China a man named
(KEY, EXERCISE XXXIII.)
1.
;i,i;o,
Ivi'XG,
who
Man.
styled by everybody the Sacred

book has been compiled (made up)
is
from his everyday conversations, by reading

which men [can] know how to follow after
How
the right.
As an
wise.
it is
official,
followed after
is
in this
in conducting affairs as
the agent (on behalf) of one's Sovereign, one

must be circumspect (use attention) at home,
ters"?
[because]
be tenderly affectionate towards one's brothers,

and even (chiu shih) one's wife should be
while one's friend-
treated with amiability,
this
must be genuine. If [you] can act in

manner [you] arc a good Confucianist
(lit,
a good
ships
man
in the
middle of the Con-
06s.
Everyday conversation
lit.,
of his ordin-
formed
ary (p'ing, 137) days spoken talk [men] have
(cluing liao) a book.
gative
Obs.
2.
06s.
3.
how
Follow after
lit.,
imitate, hsiao* (96).
In this wise, etc.: the sentence

the right imitated? it is thus.
is
Amiable, amiability: ho ch'i;
06s. 4.
monious breath.
It
is
is
interro-
term
har-
more generally supposed to be derived from

meaning of careless, hasty.
lit.,
friends
(chiao, 721) [of relations with]
[be] shih tsai, true
pi
hsii,
the interchange
must
positively
there must, shih, truth, tsai,
be present.
Written characters are distinguished

3
as chen 1 (the proper character) and ts'ao
2.
The proper
(" grass," or running, character).
3
is also called ch'iai (or k'atf)
(or round) text
shu1
When one is writing the ordinary charac-
ter the ink

"
The
slat,
grass
must be thick
character
"
is
for it to look well.
also called
ts'ao*
recite), as if
Obs.
is
one were singing a
Written characters lit., [in] writing characthe rhen fcft and ts'ao tzfi's (ehih) distinction
canon
ballad.
is
tranquility of mind, that
simply to give
is
all.
the common people do not know,
[This]
[for]
they
talk of being able to escape retribution for

their sins by reciting these canonical books,
which
is
really nonsense.
i.
Simply to
(pu kuo) cause (chiao)

and there an end.
give, etc.:
men
lit.,
not exceeding
to tranquili.se [their] hearts,
Escape retribution for
sins
mien
tsui.
sense.
tsui, forgiveness of sins in a religious
Mien
Ho^-shang* are the men

the books of Buddha. Another
6.
them
who recite
name for
is
seng jen".
before yesterday I saw a proclamation posted on the wall, the writing on

the upper portion of which I could not see
7.
The day
lower portion
distinctly, while the
and torn in
it was about.
06s.
ters there
and writing require undi-
Man of the West,

5. Buddha is the Sacred
The books which propagate his faith are called
the Buddhistic books (or sutras). The prin-
ts'ao,
vided (special) attention; one ought not to

recite without thinking (lit., empty, or emptily,
(fen).
Recitation
4.
Obs. 2.
:
men
there are
lit.,
is
in its
06s.
lit.,
here reduplicated for the sake
Genuine friendship
5.
are so called:
is
of euphony.
05s.
They
the character written out with grass one and the

same, then (therefore) called ts'ao tzit. The origin of the
it
men
I.
written the characters are just
know whether this

grass, but I don't
statement is correct or not.
ciple of the Buddhistic
fucian sect).
Obs.
when
like
one must also honour one's father and mother,
are they called "grass characSome people say they are so called
Why
3.
upper
(true).
places, so I
don't
was rubbed
know what
The writing on the upper portion

pen strokes [I] saw not
side's characters
lit.,
the
distinctly
PART
III.
177
896. y|t tx'ang 1 a granary.

,
897.
a store-room.
k'n*,
Jlljl
898. TJ? tsung 1 a sort

,
899. 3j? k'ao

900.
to
compare
if,
examine competitively.
to
noun that precedes
Examples:
HI
/titi
ff9
The custodian
There
is
no
3
3% wo
nhih*
ii
$J
also used as a collective, pluralising the
if
ni,-H*
ft
*"'
mew
|g
eW/
ti
^
^
pu*
2
tso*
fc a
tsung
met 2
/|f
?/*
J^ ts'any
&
yin*
fiJ 9 ti
4
.s/ti/t
ft ch'ing*
she-tig
tsung
fcrtM3
1
of a granary.
silver in the treasury.
cannot on any account do things of this kind.
Ancestors.
Our
pupils are examined three times a year.
901. #tJ
902.
jiir, if;
jo\
as.
if.
miscellaneous
903. $fi
tsa?,
904.
l'mg*> additional.
^7
not uniform.
905. $jf p'ai*, properly, the branches or ramifications of a stream.

to allot to send on a mission.
Hence, to distribute
906.
Examples:
2
in JM
m,t''J
If
chin 1
Jit
i.
Obs. 2.
Jo
ling*
w;
*i
%&
fit
tx,r
MoX"
ling*
4
5h
" Y "'
jf
//a/"'
Jft
lit., if
indeed
(gee
^f yw
M*
Mfi
4
it,
shih,
:
commonly pronounced yao

lit.,
grocer's shop.
margin or verge
(Not
The allowance (money)
q.d.,
much used
U"
^jo
<i,en
^liert
ZE P'ai*
al die*
A^'eV
ft
c/tien*
&
shih*
s//* 4
ft pan*
lincf
25
7/<u'
c/u(
tea
8
jfe
'i
this affair will all be in a mess.
else is sent instead, I shall
Chance
^, 'rh
ch'ien*
Ju jo would
364).
too
IS /'t
ffl
4
/tw
not sent to attend to
is
kuo:
somebody
Obs.
>
someone
Obs.
If
*1
not be incorrect.
then have a slight chance.
shih,
and often so written.
of hope.
in Peking.)
for food is not included.
Besides that there are.
Like
similar
to.
Now.
Obs.
Lit., as
now.
The
origin of this expression
is
obscure.
23
178
ERH
TZtr
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
j/flS to look for anxiously.
907.
908.
it-it
909.
lieh*,
910.
chung*, a
ng*, to
expect; to hope; to look towards; towards.
separated in due order.
number
911.
k'o
912.
Examples:
thirsty
of persons
all;
to thirst for.
pi*w
?f,
li'iii'j'
7jC
sh i/
VA
u- a
>
me
k'an'
i*
c/ii/i
n
fc<
"jT
'"
:!
iiao
f.v/t'
50
'''
wer
ch'iao
ivany*
/i:
*r
lii'r
chuny*
trf*
:i
i
fa'
cho
ch'u*
'rh
Ji
everyone.
~~f
liao
i/clr
P^
miit/j-
men
ti'ii ;/</'
These gentlemen were just hoping you would come, and, most opportunely, here you
Are your honours all well ?
There
I'll
no hope.
is
06s.
k'an
-Wang
by
familiar than pai, or
pai hui, and can only be reciprocally used by equals on
are thirsty don't drink cold water.
Lit.,
one
who does
The word "coolie"
verb of action) tsa, miscellaneous [jobs].

not known in Peking except as an Anglo-Chinese term.
913.
comply
more
coolie.
06s.
is
is
superiors to inferiors.
When you
labour)
to base) hope.
look you up to-morrow.
intimate terms, or
no indication, nothing to point to (nothing on which
Lit., there is
06s.
are.
with.
1
,
(to,
to lean against
Hence, pu*
1
,
to object
luan*, to be
I won't
914.
$H
lien*,
915.
&
k'ua*, to bestride
916.
yuan*, the shaft of a cart
stand
warmly attached
;
Hence, according to
closely following.
it.
(?
k'u 3 ii\ hard
to accede to
to
See Part IV, Dialogue VII, 37.
to a person or place.
to be seated with one leg hanging.
the side gates leading into the outer court of a
yamen.
917. -J& she
918. $!*,
3
,
^"
abbreviation of the
919.
to let go; to part with

n
yai*,
first.
to obstruct;
In Peking the
to
WJ
is
not to detain.
The second character
interfere with.
hardly sounded,
if
at
is
only an
all.
Examples:
ch'u 4
she
pit-
ai*
IPO
shou3
shun 1
pu*
te*
L 'rh
t'a
ii/Kiii"
shih*
,/'
ch'u1
yuan*
^ men*
fe
chiao s
yen*
ililir
ch'e
mien'
PART
When
father
man
III.
179
goes on a long journey he can hardly help feeling unwilling to leave his
and mother.
I Ken
06s.
alone, or she
To
pu
on the shafts of a
sit
Note
06s.
generally used in connexion with love for parents or elders, not of love for children, which
is
Lien can also be used of addiction to a vice
te,.
e.g.,
man
lien, clings to, his
opium
lien
is
pipe.
cart.
not yila-'rh 2
ye-'rh*,
The outer gates of a yamen.
He
cannot part with (is loth to part with) his money.

Don't be afraid its nothing (or, there is no harm done
;
there
is
no harm in
it
doesn't
it
matter).
Be
with you you're in my way.

I should say (lit., according to my statement).
off
920. $fc p?, that, as opposed to this.

3
921. Jit
tz'ti
JH
clt'u
922.
923.
t|j}
924.
JiJt
925.
a place
Hence, ch'u
punish.
this.
Hence, partial
huo 4 expressive of uncertainty

,
3% wo
$1 she
2)'i<'ii
Jg
I"?
1* 2
mo
1
P'ien
&
hsivaig
tl
"'"
|pj
litt'iunrf
ffi
tni
3
JH ch'u
g^
ti
5J
l>'eng-
ftJM
tt
ti
&
yu
4
1
ô
if;
Also, to
manage
to
specially; particularly.
or.
perhaps; either;
'<'>
t'
fife,
'&
me?
He
treats all alike without distinction.
or,
hslnntj
fy fen
o tu',
$J pi
fj^^ ch'u
%& tsuncf
3
fy hao
4
fe a ch'u
4
j^ a ch'u
4
pj too
jjfc
lino*
tai
ho
ch'u4
ch'u
te'#
tz'ii
$g tsunf
shih*
^
^
^|
yancj
ffe
'rh
pi
jfc
&
mo
ft
must each consult the other
yu
ffg
*!'#*
fj
JJ eke*
We
Lit., he,
%
&
4
3z ch'u
ft fang
06s.
a place.
live in
3
l
to lean towards.
Examples
fg
but ch'u3 in composition, to
fen*, official penalties (see infra}.
p'im
yao*
shamf
;t o Kong
4
t'a
pu
both parties will have to consult each the other.
not distinguishing this one or that, collectively
is
one fashion treating [people].
Everywhere. Everywhere. Everywhere.

\Yhat advantage is there in this ? or, what advantage (or, good points) has this ?
Neither to his brothers nor to his friends does he show any marks of partiality.
I just
06s.
to),
but
won't go.
It
to give the exact force of p'ien in this combination

I should do so and so
diverging from the proper path, do something quite the contrary.
is difficult
I will p'ien,
Official penalties
of duty).
(the penalties, heavy or light, imposed
upon
officials
(or,
for
you want
me
dereliction
TZ& ERH CHI.
180
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE XXXIV.
What
i.
Jit
have been longing to see you.
Jit
Obs.
Lit.,
these
irlation of reciprocity).
is
Lit.,
2.
from this spot towards the
one look
east,
to the horizon.
[in]
one [unbroken] straightnesa as
Everybody says that the Emperor has
treasury and granary [and see if] they are

correct.
If either the rice or silver are short
[of
ft
the proper amount],
comes or
ft
all
you gentlemen
will receive (get) penalties I expect.
say that
06s.
edge of
recently specially deputed a high official to

examine the amounts of silver and rice in the
06s.
tar as the
water.
3.
Obs.
(in the
Looking from this spot in an easterly

direction one can see nothing but water right
up
Obs.
feeling
many days only then return [I have] thirstily thought [of you]. We two, we two
is a common salutation
amongst friends meeting after a separation.
._.-.
all is
The
mutual.
K'o hsiang
jff
heaven,
a time you have been away! 1
can't
it
should
matter to us whether he
not.
19:,
i.
Recently
hsin diin;
2.
Correct
3.
It won't matter to us
tui
pu
tui
lit.,
if it
ai
in the
new
(fresh) proximity,
</.</.,
of time.
agrees [with the registered amount] or not.
puchao;
indicating successful completion of an action (see
45
lit.,
also
interfering not succeed in our matter, rlian
Note
at the close of Exercise
a particle
XL).
What good
points (or qualities) does

this coolie possess that you should be so loth
4.
to part with
ffi
'.
In what does the chief portion of your

yearly income consist ? In the property left
us by our ancestors.
5.
ft
him
PART
III.
6.
T
A
181
There has been no rain
long,
dreadfully) for
it
to come.
blew them
Most provokingly
g^
IT?
jig
jljlj
_H 7
lit.,
fa*
~tf
AA
ft
is
make
y u
every
and
granaries
2-
flie
city
of
treasuries.
suries all
China
there
are
Granaries are for
have
underlings in charge
rice or money is lost, these
official
and when
underlings are in all cases responsible.

The money and rice contained in the treaofficial
and granaries have
every year.
had a friend
to be inspected
Some years ago

who was in charge
etc.
You had better get (find) another cart

on îe shafts [of this one] you are
understood).
(ti,
The
capital
is
a place with a miscel-
Note chW, not cfoV.
The
fifth
(KEY, EXERCISE XXXIV.)

ran
days, [he could think of] no plan, so he
away.
06s.
(that year)
of a treasury
upon
my friend
to
make good
Note Tcuan
jen, official underlings
Icuan,
Are responsible lit., wei, it is, kuan jen,

underlings, shih, that are, wen, asked.
06s. 3.
To make good : lit., according to the
06s.
the
2.
official
original quantity patching return.
05s. 4.
[he] so
had
Of
course, etc.
lit.,
much now (= ready) money
2.
i.
officials.
once
some robbers came in the night, broke (beat)

open the door, and carried off the whole of
The high officials thereupon
the treasure.
stolen,
the wind,"
si*
a five-quarters-miscellaneous-residing's place.
These granaries and trea-
ting silver into.
called
if
laneous population.
4rf
holding (containing) rice; treasuries for put-
suries
away.
the centre.
In
of them,
appearance
sure to get covered with dust.
(163) one body's dust
& M
-ir
7-
if
-MS.
tfe
Jth
Turn
i.
itt
^-
the capital
Obs.Lit,
is
3jz
it
Get covered with dust
06s.
quarter
;JA
their
most provokingly again
" I'll be
hanged
p'ien p'ien could here be fairly rendered
all
Yesterday, just as
made
a few clouds had

(grown), the wind
06s.
for ever so
and the country-folk are longing (hoping
my
friend,
as that
What was the use of that ?
where had
Even
if
he
run to the ends of the earth (the horizon),
couldn't the police have got hold of
him
and even if they could not manage to arrest

him, he would be unable to return to his
home supposing he did return, he could not
;
the silver
but of course he had no such
sum
in
ready money, and after deliberating for some
live there permanently.

06s.
The
police, etc.
lit,
yet seizing not arrive [at success]
the
official
underlings
182
ERH
TZtT
As
3.
to his penalty
to
would have been
it, it
regard
him
better for
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
far
than to have run
all
Carter
4.
have waited and submitted
look, there's
06s.
over the
man
sitting
why don't you whip behind

behind
Whip
wang hou ch'cm (894)
behind the cart
?
;i
Pekingese idiom.
country.
You wouldn't part with that woollen

I asked
when
carpet
you for it last year; if
you were to make me a present of it now
5.
06s.
Waited and submitted
to, etc.
lit.,
teng cho,
waiting, ti'ng, to have accepted or submitted to (131), his
(full)
on the contrary, compared with the whole

place running superior (ch'iang) much.
fh'u fen
too,
just wouldn't take
926. $ii nieh 1 , to hold between the fingers, as a flower
928.
means a
su
927.
rto
to
to sprinkle water; the
to
it
(want
work up,
it).
as clay.
second character being an abbreviation of the
sweep; when combined with the following
it
is
pronounced
sao*,
first.
and
large broom.
929. ^jy chou
3
,
a broom.
930. ^fl
931. ?f^,
c/i'i
4
,
to raise in courses or layers, as a wall.
hang
character, according to
to beat the
some
ground
for building, before bricks or stones are laid.
authorities, should
This
be written in the second form.
932. Examples:
ip|
$$
tsai*
J% fang
c/i'i*
2
j|
ch'iang
ffe
tue
4
tztt
A-o
hsien 1
tao*
fco
sao 4
He
all
nil?
cho 2
man3
'rh
fab
/;'
ft tancf
J>
~f
liao
ffi
3
'&'
chou
fr
to3
sao 3
7(sia
$f
Jiang
yao
hsilch 3
6ft
ti
ffi
hou*
kai*
rSi
.l>i*
nieh 1
fingers.
a small cow (out of clay) for a plaything.
sprinkled the whole ground
over the
nich 1
scr
tei
Holding a pencil in the
He moulded
hsiao 3
lH
(or,
the whole floor) with water
or,
he
spilt
the water
floor.
Sweep the snow away with a broom and make a

In building a house the ground has
to
path.
be prepared
first,
and the walls then
raised.
PAET
III.
183
933. <$) kou 3 a dog.

,
934.
|f|?
hsiu 1 to put or keep in order

,
to repair
to revise.
935. |Bj yilan", round.

936.
that
p'iiir/
^jfl
(137)
937.
iff!
picn
and thin
flat
used of a
is
huang
3
,
also,
a tablet
hung over the door
of a
room or
house.
Note
surface without reference to thickness.
flat
a shop sign, whether of wood or any design indicating the nature of the
goods sold or business done.

3
properly, the outside.
938.
5jp|
939.
Examples:
piao
f^ huang
J| pien
yu
pim
~f a liao
JH|
shih*
3
f@ chiu
fati
IS p'u*
jt
fi^fo
tzti
$ pu
$&
tso*
ti
64
Hence, to manifest
tai*
tzti
^ fu
**
&
^piao3
ft 'rh
z
$f
ti
ch'ih
yu
111
yuan
64
il
^ Mft4
hence, a watch.
hsiu 1
$j
3
||j?
fn<f
J%
5*
tzft,
him*
liL
tao
t'iao*
kouB
^ hsiu
g
g chung
1
li
dog.
Note the numerative.
06s.
To mend
and watches.
mend and
Lit,, to
Obs.
To
clocks
regulate.
repair a house.
Rulers are round or

06s.
Rulers
drawing
lit.,
The doctor has

06s.
Lit.,
flat.
lines's feet.
Ch'ih
is also
has hung up his signboard.
Note that a pien can only be placed over the door,
Wine-shop signs are made of cotton
^ yuan
1
,
recognised by
called
li
pien (Radical
17),
an upright
or horizontally
tablet.
to be aggrieved.
peng*, to
lisprl Viv t.Vip

the
is
cloth.
941. 7pt ivang 3 , properly, not straight
942. *!
rule.
started in practice.
there are exceptions to this rule, but in such cases the pirn
940.
a foot measure or
jump
HiftinnnriAS
dictionaries.
off the
hence, injustice.
ground with both
legs
to
bound.
This rendering
is
not
184
TZtT
fnn>\ to
943.
j$fc
944.
l^|f lisia
945.
Examples:
jump
lino
~f
"To
t'iao*
j$
Is
ch'ii
%
f
not that doing him an injustice
Gave me a
Obs.
fright
Lit., frightened
946.
tsao
to
poo*, to
947.
or,
SERIES.
yu
*'
leg.
In composition, read ho 4
A Jen
Jump up on the wall.

A man has jumped into
-COLLOQUIAL
ground; generally, with one
hsia 4
CHI.
to scare.
clihuf
3% wo*
i
off the
to frighten
ERH
peng
gfc
2
shang
iao
icang*
flfc
t'a
Jjj
mo
shih4
{fa
ni3
yilan
SB ch'iang
accusing
ch'ii
no 4
%
4
hsia 4
(or,
g|$
him wrongfully)
pu
the well.
made me jump.
me a jump
t'iao,
however, refers to the action of the heart, not of the body.
make.
announce
to give notice
Hence, a newspaper
of.
a gazette
to re-
compense.
948.
ang
949.
it?,
to resemble.
9
only used with the foregoing fang
As fang s -fii2
to resemhle
seem
to
seemingly.
950.
951.
t'iao
2
,
with chou3 (929), a small broom.
Examples:
1st
yong
$$J
tz'&
sao s
p'iao
P a3
^..'/'"
^C ching
cho
fu
t'iao
ko 4
jg
tsao
~f
''"
i
'
tei
P ao
kuan 1
ts ""
>
fanif
A j^t
fan9
Before building a house you must give notice to the authorities.

Tsao
06s.
He
is
not the
common word
forged a cheque
A man
06*.
The
is
bank
holding a broom as
Lit., there is
"
(or,
man
for building
a house, which
is Jcai
4
.
note).
if
he were going
to
sweep the ground.
holding a broom [with a] seemingly wanting-to-sweep-the-ground's appearance.
Peking Gazette."
PART
III.
185
EXERCISE XXXV.
'4
1
makers' and
BR
t,A*f
Ami
all
1l3
You can
1i
ft
11
^S
i.
mine
to tne watch-
to repair
it
for me.
?i<.,
an indicator of cold and heat
q.d.,
a thermometer.
66Ê^Mî^-j
r-y
t,
:01
Ê
Kk
J|
IS
SL
(j^f
i.
Obs.
2.
;us
t-^
|g
,, ..
^,
-@r
Wfl
If
|g
1|f
-^jp
$P ^
M_|
jf
j*u
a*
-J-.
He
2.
as
has hold of a pencil in his fingers,

to write something.
Earthen-
he wanted
if
ware Dow i s are made by the hand of the

potter.
3.
was
to
The
rebels forged a proclamation
mss
^ one
ssue d
% the
which
authorities.
To pass as tso wei, both verbs, and both here meaning to play a part, to act as.
Issued
ch'u, to issue, here an active verb, of which kuan, officer, or the government,
an author! ties-issue-one one that is issued by the authorities.
Obs.
/'., to act
them
an indicator of shih ch'in, time, or periods of time; there are 12 shih ch'en in the 24
A watch can also be called j)iao simply, but special care must be taken not to append the common affix tzH.
Obs. 2.
Barometer lit., wind and rain indicator the term is naturally a modern one. Cf. also han* shu 3 piao,
06s.
hours.
ff
59
Watch:
watch
tell
take the opportunity to ask them

the repairs to my barometer are
whether
finished
tliat
is
the subject
xA.
5^5
7>&.
3E
_h
2k
S
^
rt'I
'*T
$R
^B
1pJ"
/fcfei
^5'
"*
"ftfi
**
He
4.
w ^k
at
n*
returned the merchandise he had

as Baggage,
which being detected
the Customs station, the whole was con-
i.
Being detected: chiao, lit., to cause; j.rf., [some agent or incident] caused [the inspector] at (shang)
station to find out [the truth]
There is not in Chinese any
[the truth] was discovered by the Customs.
verb properly passive, but the passive construction is effected by a verb like shou, to receive, pei, to suffer, or by
O6s.
the
Customs
statement of the action that caused what was received or suffered; the action being indicated by one active verb,
the subject of which, whether agent or
incident, is understood.
Obs.
P&
jl
2.
Confiscated
lit.,
all
entered into the
official
^SR^^^C^feS
vs
_L
**.
$8
-^
>f6l
ifc\
n&
7D
#l>
Jnl
[custody].
Sprinkle water before you sweep the

noor otherwise the dust will fly about.
5-
>
is certainly a very nice-looking

His coat is long, his legs
of
little dog
yours.
are s h or t and his ears are not small
only
^-
That
JHL
his
muzzle
is
little [too]
pointed.
24
ERH
186
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
tr
They must be going
7.
to build a house
there that they are preparing the ground.

06s.
They must be, etc.: pieh chiu shih;
to distinguish, has here the force of deciding between
lit.,
it
is
not then other than [to] build a house, I expect.

I'nli,
The rhln may
[it can't be] other than to build.
two alternatives
be dispensed with.
IfJxJ
JH
3^.
J&
Jfil
AA
[HI
ja
3a~
fiJ
S|
~Y
06s.
As
IMJ
Jjyt
regards, etc.:
if
Ztt.,
^fs
06s.
Note
tso tsei, to
yuan and
be a
difference
between
both the one and the other.
[one would] discuss
T>
tne
3
yuan (round) and pien (flat), a Avater melon
is round and a broad bean is flat; a cash is
yiew's unsameness.
If I
9.
ft
re o ai'd s
3C
^s
^'
have not broken the law and
accused of being a thief, that

to me,
not
is it
is
am
an injustice
thief.
That his
10.
IS
well
affairs of late
have not gone
entirely the reward of his own misI really can't think of any way of
is
deeds.
repaying his goodness to me.
Reward
of misdeeds
Turn
i.
po '>?, answering recompense, can only be
one
06s.
you have there
he does things very

promptly, and keeps the rooms extremely
whenever I go [to your house] I
clean
a very good
is
(KEY, EXERCISE
notice that the coolie

;
him there with

That servant of mine
up.
is
with that
tall figure
of his,
broom sweeping
a terrible boor;
when he walks he
constantly jumping about in one direction

or another.
The whole day long, if he is not
is
driving (beating) the fowls he is worrying

the dogs, for all the world like a
(I ni)
<
youngster.
I.
and properly
XXXV.)
Promptly:
but tang,
at all in this connexion.

free
from obstruction
ttititi*
it
Cf.
pun
is
tang' (342), lit., quickly

maintained, has no force
shun tang (626), favourable,

tang (333), convenient.
06s.
always see
applied to the reward
sprinkles
2.
Keeps clean, etc.:
and sweeps (ti for te) very
06s.
3.
Tall figure, etc.:
lit.,
surement (shcn Hang, stature) as
lit.,
in
the
room
clean.
as great
that.
SMn
body mea-
Hang
refers
to height only, not girth.
06s. 4.
Jumping about, etc.: lit., a forward jumping (ping) backward bounding (t'iao) one.
2.
Another thing [about him
One
is
that he]
day, my watch
quite inexperienced.
being out of order (spoilt), I had put it on
is
PART
the table intending to look for a
He saw
What sort
it.
"
and
flat."
He was
this
is
man
to
mend
both round
it's
not holding
It
3.
tightly, so
it
187
Obs. 3.
Slipped from his hand, etc.: lit., one losing
of the hand (shih shon, 574), it fell to the ground.
in his hand, said,
it
and, taking
it,
of a thing
III.
seems to
good enough
me
that your servant
He
also not wrong).
(lit.,
and, though a
is
is
slipped from his hand and fell to the

ground. I asked him why he threw my watch
rustic
down, and he concocted a story
strong (muscular), and

you should be builda
wall
ing
by-and-by, you can get him to
in
beating the ground (pile-driving), or
help
it
ported) that the dog
and
in
off
jumping
employ a
man
in helping the
I falsely
if
had damaged the watch,
he would be the victim of an
can
(falsely re-
to say that
asserted (597) that he
05s.
i.
Inexperienced: lit, has not opened his
bus never seen anything.
O/K. 2.
Hold tightly: he had not nieh chit,
little,
"6x.
eyes
pinched
man
is
sure to be
masons
for that
he
I.
And
also there
Obs.
2.
is
though,
etc.: lit.,
(shih yu) of
will
do
rough and carek-s>
it (<t).
Helping the masons:
tso
hsiao kung-'rh,
work done
to do little jobs, refers especially to the
lit.,
by a
bricklayer's assistant,
who
is
called hsiao kung-tzfi,;
the bricklayer, or master mason, being a to kung-tz&.
it to.
952.
kind of
rough
well enough.
How
injustice.
of this kind
by
careless, that
little
if
had jumped on the table,

had knocked the watch
He went on
down.
and
origin,
swi
fife,
the year; but used
more
2
limitedly than nien
The second
is
the
correct form.
953.
to
cln*,
jjijj
anciently, a period of twelve years; hence,
any period of
years.
Verbally,
reckon a period.
954.
955.
Examples:
ahou\ old age.
AJen2
shou*
iran*
to-
nlii-
lit
kao 1
~f liao
ft
4f
One's age.
The Emperor;
old are you
Obs.
This
A man
What
t ilj*.
is
the lord of 10,000 years.
lit.,
How
not a very polite form, the ordinary one being
of mature years
is
your age,
This form
moustache, which
is
is
sir
yin
957.
^ ?m
a cause
because
959.
IM\ ancient
JJJt,
because
of.
yuan
960.
men
only used to
958. ff*
f,
Iniei* keng',
which
Not applied
will be
met with
to persons
under
origin
;
Not
clue
of.
2
to be confounded with u-ei (848).
cause.
a cause
tan 1 to loiter
,
sixty.
over forty years of age, the limit being generally indicated by the
in the case of officials of a certain rank.
of.
!..
f/L
later.
i^fc
life.
seldom allowed to grow before that age, unless
956.
-_- r-
well advanced in
to delay.
The second
is
the
commoner
form.
188
ERH
TZtJ
961.
Examples:
yuan*
Sfc
/>"'
IS
Why
I
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
rt
x/V" 2
mo
Jg
ft 'rh
$|
fs'ai
2j5
Z<u
""~
yiian
ij$l
tan 1
%fc
2
fro
$y
f""
jij
g /($Lo
$f plnif
4
_pw
ft
"' V'r
;
Z/'"-
cannot go because
What
am
unwell.
the reason for delaying your arrival until
is
now
Lit., you delay put [on one side] until this while, only then come is because of what cause
never used alone colloquially, being generally combined with ko, as above, or with wu (962).
Obs.
The reasons
962.
^,
'
are hard to give (or, difficult to explain).
4
j$; ini
to leave
undone; to
fail
Moth
in doing; to be in error; to hinder.
forms are used.

963.
Jung
But
countenance.
964. J^r
965.
Avith
yl*, i
alone,
to receive;
the following
to
contain; to tolerate; to allow;
also,
the
easy.
change
but with jung z easy.

,
ts'/mr/
fif
i'ao
A jdn
ts'ung
hsien 2
A jn
ft 'rh
6^0
alone, to
Examples
yung
int
Zi
fj?
.pw
JJ che
''I'"
*4
c/t '^t2
T^
tx'itit*
'(si
^V;
fj^
2
Iciin*
]K
,'y
-fa
tfe
tan 1
'|^
ww4
JQ
^'Wi/
fjfc
SI5
wa*
j'uifi
tto*' ffll
^ ne(/
^ Jung
**
|g
t'ai
~/$>
pu*
%j
jini<(
/rat
tVi
^g
J^
?KO
?<('
''""
*Q.
ssiij
~f
liao
*
^C ta
-^
1
vc'
'|$t
p/m
5t
''"'"'
$J
/((/'
S'J y>ie/t
How
I
is it
you have delayed so long ?
have mistaken his meaning (or intention).
ulis.
Lit., I
have mistakenly understood.
See 129.
Don't delay.
It is not easy to
manage (or, deal with).
This table is (the dimensions of this table are) too large; there
the room.
He
is too
aggravating no one can tolerate him.
In a leisurely (or deliberate) manner.
;
966.
^y
chin 4 muscular strength
967.
t'u
968.
Hr
hsi
tu
properly,
3
,
joy
mud
to be pleased
also, in
combination, inclination.
but in hu2 -tu4 stupid, read

,
to like.
tu
4
.
is
not space for
it
in
PART
969.
970. *ff hsl
971.
show
/(/Km 1 to rejoice; to
lift
1
,
to pity
to feel for
III.
pleasure.
to like
189
to spare
to save (economically).
Examples:
ftg
m4n
fig
lia?
3
Rf k'o
lisi
ft
ft,
ni3
Jt
too*
*'
flfe
i'ft
fife
hsi3
ff
/w/aji
^
1
gj cMn*
tit*
fgi c/tr
Jf eke*
^'r/i
al
These two days past I have had no strength in my body

That man is utterly stupid I certainly do not like him.
(I
have
felt limp).
A wedding (generally)
I
a birth,
etc.;
any event which
is
the subject of congratulation.
congratulate you.
His son
is
much
to be pitied.
Lit., his son is a
"/is.
To be fond
Those two hit

oh*.
[men] ought
(may) pity one (t=ti) very.
to
of.
Lit., their
it off
(get
on together,
suit each other) very well.
The
muscle corresponds.
origin of this expression

as their muscular strength corresponds, is equal, each would be careful not to
972.
ch'l
973.
hung
974.
3
,
976.
977.
Examples:
JG pa
515
1
,
a drawer
Hrt
to attempt to gain one's
_t shang*
man
Lit.,
is
honest,
t'i*
r//'^
k'uang
ffe
H p'ien*
~f
flj
did a
JE pa
-ft
3
A
%
chia 1
$j
ti
ft
and does not cheat
in
out of his watch.
Pull this drawer out and shut that one
to.
ch'ii*
has not cheating men's places.
man
t'a
liao
Don't deceive me.
He
lies, false
promises, etc.
of.
![1
1
1
$& ch'ou
ffi
end by
a tray.
i& ch'im
1
|| kuan
06s.
4
f@ &o
ko 4
That
to blows with the other.
to beguile.
975. !H| p'ien*, to defraud one

t'i*,
said to be found in the explanation that
come
to deceive.
|JE k'naiiy
j|fi,
is
j>>
any way.
fanrj
^, 'rh
yu?
$&
ch'i
ni 3
Pit
glj
pieh*
A je
Pjt
/*MH</
fi5
|g
1
hung
ti
-itn
f@ ko*
3
A ,/"V
190
TZtJ
ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE XXXVI.
The drawer in this wardrobe (or, chest
of drawers) won't come (pull) out.
Give it a
hard
and
will
it
out.
good
pull
you
get
I.
Oiw.
fe
Good hard
pull, etc.:
lit.,
you use muscle one pull
and you
out,
^R 2
will
What
drag
+*
-LJL.
J./L.
>T
RK
flpto
TT
A,
ft
^3
it
easy to
3.
many
tell
What
out.
the reason
is
has not succeeded

are a great
it
(or,
that
why
has lagged)
reasons
too
affair
There
many
make
to
them.
is
the age of this son of yours,
eighteen his birthday is on

My
moon next year we are
of
6th
8th
the
the
going to marry him. When the wedding day
sir
son
is
A
ft
si
/^
Obs.
Marry
we want
lit.,
father speaks of his son's marriage as
A,
Af
comes
2Q
concn-atulations.
to arrange matters for
pan
him
shall
be sure to go and offer
yao being a sign of the future
Note
tense.
my
that the
shih simply, not hsi shih.
Don't try and deceive me, for [allow]

to tell you, it is not an easy matter.
4.
ft.
JW
me
am
tr
to (discuss) cheating,
match
quite a
for you,
you come
not up to my
and
you are
if
form.
m &
06s.
Up
to
my
form:
ft
pu
shih ko-rh; lit, are not a piece,
q.d.,
of a piece with me.
The expression
is
slang one.
31
^p
Ola.
Exceedingly
{&
1J-J
>
What
a pity
it
is
that that
exceedingly stupid that he cannot
e/h
ft
$.
self intelligible.
$5
much
exceeds in the matter of stupidity.
of
See 343.
my
time.
He
man
is
so
make him-
has taken up ever so
PART
*r
7 4
06s.
III.
itt
He and
6.
3*6
191
I suit
each other very well.

is a
great cheat
Unfortunately, his brother
he did
Great cheat
is
me
out of some taels last year.
very competent (well knows how) to cheat people.

I
7.
particularly object
towards
elderly
people.
manner
his
to
I'll
tell
you the
reason [of his behaviour]; it's all because

his elders did not keep him in order in his
childhood.
I'll tell you the

06s. i.
reason, etc.: lit., I tell you that all is in childhood elders not control him's cause.
would not be incorrect were yuan ku to precede the cause, as in the translation.
Elders
06s. 2.
6*1
loo ehia-'rh, the elders of his family, inclusive of relations, such as uncles, aunts, etc.
^ &
*^
fl*
It
0^
MA.
$C
â
~%*
g.
$L 8
He
a steady fellow, and does everything, no matter what, in a quiet, methodical

8.
is
way.
Turn
1.
After the
the follmving into Chinese.
new year you
be a year
will
older.
talk with him,
only
Obs.
The Chinese reckon age by the
mencing with the
ist of the 1st
year,
com-
moon, the fraction of the
year counting in favour of the child thus, a child born

in the loth moon would be two years old on the 1st
of the following ist moon.
;
2.
is
(KEY, EXERCISE XXXVI.)
How
now
old
is
your father
eighty-two.
My
father
person of his years
getting late,
was kept.
He
the chu indicating the impossibility of getting away.

06s. 2.
He only left, etc. : lit,, after half a day
had passed he only then (ts'ai) left.
4. It
I sat with him, etc.: lit, there being no

06s. i.
plan I accompanied (entertained, p'ci) him sitting down
[and] talked, being delayed to the spol (tan imi chu liao) ;
be considered an aged man.
may
and there
a long time, and as it was then

I did not go and look you up.
left after
the
main
is
quite near for
street
where you
you to get into

live, which is very
O6s.
person of his years, etc.: lit., [with] this
kind of age he also can be considered to be a possessing
longevity number's man.
convenient indeed for buying anything [one
waited the whole clay for

did
not
you why
you
go and look me up ?
There was a reason for it. I was just going
most inconvenient; it is by no means easy

to buy anything, however small.
3.
Yesterday
to start,
when
have
a distant relation turned up (came)
it,
at the
there was nothing for
moment,
it
but to
as luck
sit
would
;
down and
The
wants].
06s.
little
lane in which
By no moans
easy
lit.,
to
we
buy
live is
little
of
anything truly not easy.

5.
That
man
has not an atom of muscle
about him, and yet he thinks of learning
192
ERH
TZfr
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
military [exercises] (studying for the army).

How foolish he is
8.
much
How
stupidity
6.
foolish
luwt there
his
in
lit.,
is
sell
like this vegetable, don't
Unfortunately
more.
(it's
you
pity), there isn't
Don't
978.
me
deceive
&
^
980.
981.
lii
your money.
06s. i.
You
are not cheated:
in
lit.,
the shop*
saw
06s. 2.
Mostly
to (7).
frequent.
kung
public
just
ssii
private
u-u*,
982.
they mostly
buy things [they] do not cheat peoplf.
JP
979.
you bad things and cheat you out of
any
just now I
there was a whole lot in that drawer.
7.
how
You
when you buy

but when you buy them in
are not cheated
things in shops,
the street you have to look out
06..
You
business
illicit
Also, as will be seen later, a gentleman.
disinterested.
interested.
the verb must.
Examples:
A'yen?
A
shih*
shih*
rhia
pu*
3
?f chun
fach'ing*
1
Jcung
tsou
shih*
6{j
wu
eft
sk
wo3
wu*
t'
fifco^
yung*
2- hung
times.
Many
have reprimanded him time after time.

In transacting public business there must positively be attention (attention is essential).
2
Note that wu pi is stronger than either pi or tei alone. We can either say wu pi or mi pi*.
06s.
I
Private
affairs.
Household
affairs.
Merchants are not authorised (forbidden)

06s.
He
Smuggle
a just
is
walk
lit.,
man
(a
man
of just principles).
private understanding;
of the parties
is
to smuggle.
secretly.
or,
a
private relations, in a good or
bad
sense.
Where one
a woman, always in a bad sense.
983.
Hj]
ksien 2
984.
p*|
mthi*,
985.
*tjfc
empty
sad
1
hiHuiy
without occupation
leisure.
in low spirits.
an intensive of adjectives describing disagreeable sensations.
scared; agitated.
986.
987.
4
|| W
/o
4
,
joy in the heart; gladness in the countenance.
fair, to put, or be put to, trouble.
Also,
to.
laugh.
Also,
PART
988.
chi 2 quick in
H&
THE FORTY
III.
movement
or temper
193
KXKIM'ISKS.
With
rushing of water.
cltao
(45),
anxious
eager; impatient.
989.
Examples:
t'a
fa
ti
&}
5& na*
ffi hurt
ijjlj
pieh
chao-
ffe
i<ftl
*lo
15*
/</*
7Jiao
have no
Much
I
am
up a
wo3
2
kuang
1
huang
fa mcmg*
âo
ffi
7ws
J VA
too 4
TO^
t&
ffc
^ fan
JJiao
lo*
4
^*
ssti
IS
ti
Ai'un^
V/t
f,
'
wen4
Ptl
See 199.
intensely dull.
bored to death.
want
ft
die*
fj
leisure.
bored
^
1
fc
ti
ff ch'ln<f ffijiuang g[ mei

3
3
$J wo
?g /.V
yu
2
4
4
|^ Zo
(^ wie%
g^ Asien'
ffi,men*
ch'u*
yao*
~f liao
'^ 2
san*
DF su
I
tai*
%}
some guests
to ask
have a good time, and dispel
to
my
melancholy (cheer
me
bit).
May
trouble you to take this parcel with you
Flurried; flustered.
1
be anxious (get excited
)on't
When
told
him
that
or,
be impatient).
gave him
(or,
that message), he laughed.
990. ifE feny\ properly, to raise the hands, as

orders, an appointment,
991. 5jc ck'iv?, to request
gt
t'o
993. fj|
fa
992.
1
,
to issue forth
^ Asm
995.
Examples:
4
,
pu*
to crave
commission
to
994.
send a
good
fi^
faith
65
<*
ft hsin*
pu?
k'ov?
f=
hsin*
shuo 1
ft hsin*
have a favour
crave
me
for
Obs.
Note sung
to receive, as
to seek.
to cause to issue
to believe
ko 4
letter.
to send.
Also, to follow, as one's inclination.
t'o
jg nin*
$
%
ch'iu 2
lao 3
ft chien*
nin
ii sung*
%f
t'i*
ft hsin*
&
wo z
yeh
ch'u*
ft
to?
ti
A Jen
hua*
gg
2
3
fa ni
|f fa
>0
?eV
yv?
^ shih*
^ feng*
^
cA'itt
to ask of you.
Your Honour's clemency
man
to request one to act as agent.
f|3
te*
ti
when presenting anything
etc.
with a letter
(or favour).
(or, to take a letter)
hsin, to send u letter
Would you
(I
would commission
yu
sung hsin-'rh, to send a message.
25
'.)
TZC ERH CHI.
194
do not believe what you
COLLOQUIAL SKRIKs.
say.
It is incredible.
To be
free
with one's tongue
Note Imn
Obs.
996. ^|?
ku4
997.
hai\ a child.
what conies into one's head.
to say
the sense of to follow one's inclination.
in
to hire, as a servant, horse,
conveyance
not said of a house, furniture,
etc.
998. jfj sa l to scatter from the hand, as seed, etc.

,
999.
1000.
be,
falsehood.
kuang
Jjf|J5
chuan*, to gain, as money.
1001.
it
fjfffc
hsing
1002.
jS/f
means
all.
so 3
star.
properly, a place
With
the relative pronoun that ûhich.
i 3 (125), it
means
fc pen"
^ft
chou3
shih*
hsing
With the verb yu3
to
therefore, consequently (see 125).
1003. Examples:
3
Si so
3
^.
y^
^g shu
ch'ilan2
^
^
^
&. hao
To
To
Note that
yeh
H? hsing
pu*
neng
^S
chuan*
sw-i
i'a
Asin
/P^
fjj^fa
3
%$ hao
flfc
t'a
ch'ang* %% hai*
3
jjfc
ffi
huang
so 3
hai-tzti,
may mean
a boy or a
/,v/
f@
*J
hsiao3
kai-
ch'ii*
wan~
'rh
to carry
/.Ml
tzii
3
ti
ch'ieri*
fit
/ft-
flftjCh'uan
m^
hua*
lf,U*
(4
huang
ipa*
4
>^
fife
c/t'it
A ^"n.
if Ziu
3
met2
sung*
fit?
letter.
girl.
hire (or charter) a boat or ship.
Go and
He
play, that's a
constantly
To say what
boy
hire a small
Obs.
*
&
ti
f$
comet.
is
Although his
Obs.
It
good
tells lies, so
child.
nobody
not the truth
believes him.
to tell a falsehood.
meteor.
ability
is
great,
he cannot make money.
to say t'a
ti
pen shih sui jan
to.
All the books that there are are good.

06s.
All that there are
followed by some word signifying
lit.,
all,
that which there are of
(ti)
books are
all
good.
such as tou or ch'ilan, the so yu being only intensive.
Note
that so
yu must be
PART
III.
195
EXERCISE XXXVII.
tt
ft
H|j
~j
3
"C
-fjj?
jyt
*"
E3
jî
vfe
rVt
^
^
xC 5R
M*
I-jtt
j-
3,
^
^
The
06s.
HH
S,
o ifJt
4fc
>T
3&
^t-
661
>v
1U
7t
IJJJ
/HH
^: ê
Alt
then
final ts'ai hao,
it
<?
3fe
as
2.
^
*
will be all right,
have a favour to ask of you. I have

t ' me to -^ ! l ao -y eh' 8 place to
payment of that account which he
keen tmie a^ter

ask for
-^t
public duties keep you busy,
I cannot be considered to be very busy,

always have some leisure time during
sir ?
"sf
Do your
i.
owes me, but his people always say that he is

not at leisure, and he won't see me. Would
vou when you have nothing

for payment on my behalf?
>
is
omitted in the translation, as
to do, ask
him
seems unnecessary to
it
the completion of the sentence.
if-
Up
Yesterday a friend of mine who was

about a child of his in the
3.
in great distress
country that is ill, wanted to send a note off

at once to inquire how he was, and asked me
someone to take
to hire
- m
it.
did hire a
man, and sent him off, but he came back in

the afternoon and said that he had not been
able to find the place.
telling the truth, so I
knew he was not
would not give him
any money.
ffir,
&
&
It
Obs.
i.
In the afternoon:
Obs.
2.
Find the place
too,
sea
XBt
when
lî
the time came to be afternoon.
Note on chao
at the end of Exercise
4.
XL.
To buy cheap and
ch'ien 2 (to
ft
ft
there
ft
To buy
at a small price bought
making money.
tael a catty
ft
ft
#f
Obi.
ft
ti
ti,
is
is
chuan*
The goods
cost a
sell
make money).
and were sold
dear
at a tael a catty
consequently nothing made on
the
transaction.
at a great price sell [they]

representing the goods, or any like word ; lit., [when men]
such a transaction, is
that
then
na
articles
the
chin,
them,
by
bought
goods,
goods
T/T ERH CHI.
196
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
brought a barrow-load of smuggled
goods into the city, [and
W
A
ft
He
5.
tt
official
underlings at the gate came forward to ask

what they were (lit., to search and inquire),
tt
when] the
he said
in
a flurried sort of way that
it
was
They didn't believe him,

and when they opened the boxes they saw
personal baggage.
&
n
S3
at once that, sure enough, the boxes contained
ifc
nothing but contraband

consequently
06s.
i.
-Note
( '''.-'.
2.
-Sure enough
or hsiao
di'e-tzti,
r//
kiwjan;
Ji,*
V-/-;u,
lit.,
indeed, in very truth, thus, they were,
etc.
6. Although there are plenty of stars in

the sky, comets are not often seen.
j. I have bought
and when we come to
Place: so tsai;
is
Turn
I.
with
lit.,
where [one]
seldom used without
the
it
It is difficult to account for the
meaning of
How
is
it
yourself
that on the repeated occa-
servants always answer

at home.
Just think
If
got?
it
is
it is
me
your
that you are not
what spare time have
not public business [that

private, and my household
occupies me],
affairs, too, are numerous.
i.
Spare time
2.
Nothing of any kind,
kung
fit,
short for hsien 2
kunrj fu.
06s.
kind not must
06.
3.
I manage ?
So see 1002.
:
man
If
2.
is
out of
etc.
lit.,
what one
spirits,
the best
thing he can do is to take a walk in the

streets.
When he sees some trifle that amuses
him
of
which he can find
(in
course
pleasure), his
no longer troubled.
is
If
mind
one
chances on a rainy day, so that one cannot

go out, it makes one very impatient.
06s.
3.
Chances on
lit.,
runs against.
have a pressing matter
and must trouble somebody
leisure time.
06s.
use of tsai in this connexion,
(KEY, EXERCISE XXXVII.)
Nothing of any
kind can be done without me, so I have never
any
sum-
place.
What do you generally occupy
live there in the
the children are sure to be as happy as

possible (happy in the extreme).
sions that I have been to your place
is.
in its
a place in the country,
mer
T
06s.
which were
a barrow.
ft
though colloquially so
articles,
all confiscated.
You
to him.
you
to
(it won't do), I have no time to

In my
please ask somebody else.
cannot
spare;
message
and have nothing
take him the message.
are at leisure
to do, so I beg
I
[in hand],
to take a
PAET
opinion
told
be
will
the same
all
Obs.
sent
and he came back and

me there were no carts on the street. I
make a squeeze
(make money), and that the bargain was not

1004.
to receive or
^ffc
ck'eny-,
^H
ck'ui 1 , to send,
in lying).
short time:
Obs. 2.
The
was not completed.
bargain, etc.
lit.,
in
nut
therefore the hiring
lit.,
His business pays well
he
sells
mis-
cellaneous articles of every kind, so he cannot

but make money.
Although it's a grocers
in a short tune, [so] I
that the boy wanted to
in
hired came.
5.
him
follow
it
and sent another person
came
It
(lit.,
It caiiJb
I.
great while, then
to hire a cart,
to hire one.
L97
concluded because the carter wouldn't follow

suit in the lie
given to lying.
is
didn't believe him,
knew
do) no
(all will
send.
That child
4.
him
it,
whom you
matter
THE FOKTY EXERCISES.
III.
shop, the business
is
first rate
one.
undertake on commission; to be the recipient
of,
as
favours.
1005.
Read
messenger.
|i
1006.
ch'a
1
,
different
yen*, to
hold an
whether as an envoy or, on ordinary occasions, as an

to differ ck'a*, to be out wrong.
:
office
official
Also, a trust or
the office so held.
burden
to allow, in
the sense of p' ing 2 (722).

1007. ^ff sku, 3 an official bureau.
1008.
Asi 2 to practise
when
Shu*, provisional tenure of
office.
learning.
1009. Examples:
pu
to
f(-
>u
^
^
cA'a
skd"
f.
3^
IS
Jfl
hsio
Asio
f?
/(.'-i-
Jf
mo
Jg
sku*
3 ^W3
So
skik s
pw-
shili*
san 1
j
2
if nien
s/ti/t
^
A
ck'ai 1
^> pw.
if ^ nien-
jg
fcito
}j!
jeri~
rnaTi3
shuo 1
liao
yu*
ck'eny-
jg eke*
"7%
Kao
3p:
j$t
ck'eng
ch'ing
Obs.
Ying
1
,
s/t?7t
office
A yamn
all
They
The time
His
2/w
A Jen
offices
am
obliged to you for your good
offices.
servant or messenger (lit, one who waits to be sent on an errand).

"
"
runner
or, to send a person, q.d., on an errand.
;
say they have
Ch'ai shih:
O/w.
$j ch'ing2
fg mei
1
although in the ist tone, has the force of ying* (781), not of ying (726).
To be the recipient of favours or good

Thanks for your kind inquiries.
An
ck'eng
ch'ni
c/tVii
|f
f^ i'a
frngr
to
undertake).
Nobody has undertaken this business (lit., consented
c/t'ft
s/rtA
ft ^'eV
3fc
for
lit.,
official business.
official
sending employment
which the post
is
employment
not the substantive (actual) appointment

To learn for a year a year's novitiate.
is
in
an
official capacity.
held expires in three years.

;
he
is
only acting.
Almost
very nearly the same.
Little difference.
06s.
<:h'a 2>ii liao to
This and the foregoing phrase, which are in constant use,

shao, etc.
may
be varied to ch'a
pu yuan j
liao (371),
TZO ERH CHI.
198
1010.
op pu any great category
1011.
g. fang2 a
large hall
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
a tribunal or board
in certain
the numerative of books.
departments of State, collective of the chiefs of
the establishment.
1012.
H]
ssti
to
manage;
to direct; to
manage one
of the departments in a great office;
the department so managed.
wei3 to depute, as a higher
1013.
^f
1014.
j| yuan?, any
1015.
5*
civil service in
i*, yi*,
officer of civil or military service.
mean
also, to
properly,
li*,
used with reference to the
is
clerks.
any employe*
1017. jfi tsao*, properly, black

jfj/i
a lower.
properly, to exercise authority over others,
li*,
various ways
1016. ^j
1018.
officer
but especially such people as constables,
the tsao of fei-tsao, soap
etc.
(see 279).
properly, one under the authority of another.
1019. Examples:
3
g| chi
fe
$r wei*
;fj
i*
kuan
*jr
mo
Unworn
|S
2
.
*$ a
pan
$jf
1
shu1
pan
/g chi*
ffi
"% pu*
tsao*
ch'a 1
li*
she"-"-
na*
& hsieh
^ ya?
~f o liao
liiS
pu*
slmng*
|!J
ssti
jjg
p'ai*
65
ti
Vang*
f* o
ldMnl
shu
li*
^L
2/*
we &
fg fung*
huai*
yuan-
_fc
1
The
chiefs of the Six Boards in the capital.

Both Presidents and Vice-Presidents of Boards are so
06s.
The high
Obs.
called, as also chiefs of other departments.
authorities (or, chief of the department) are sending a
The word wei-yuan has become
Those yamen runners are utterly corrupt (or depraved).

Shu li are almost the same as shu pan (yamen clerks) (there
Shu
06s.
body of runners
Obs.
insisted on.
are clerks in a provincial
li
yamen
is
officials (or,
1021.
Wiping
how many
representation is made.
found in the dictionary.
Rung
1
,
stances, read t'ieh
to accuse
tone.
in
Peking the black coat
is
not
evidence.
a superior; the petition or document in which the

The original form took the nsth Radical, under which it will be
to represent
to
1022. ife t'ieh 3 a slip of silk or paper with writing on

4
difference).
Note the
?)
kung*, properly, to supply for use.

3
no appreciable
(or lictors).
are probably so called from the colour of the dress they wear
For pan, see 414.
1020.
(or deputy).
in a metropolitan Board.
shu pan are clerks
They
Several
weiyuan
anglicised in China.
it
also,
under certain circum-
PART
1023.
III.
199
ta'tm-, to preserve; to retain.
1024. f|j /cao 3 the rough draft of a document.

,
1025. Examples:
4
ffi
3
Ho ^
3
Wi kao
_t skang
pa
kung*
2
ming
^g
i't'cA
Wio
tzu
*^
kuan
%f
ts'uri
jg
ch'i
tsai4
fcao
ch'ou
^fi
also say
fang
~Jj
accusing him
k'ou
fjjj
fawig
3
ping
flj,
^,
ft
wo3
hsieh 3
~f liao
1
f@
fco
TL ping3
:i
^>ao
=fg
kung
fa 1
(I
t'a
^p a tzu
Imo
Vieh*
te
shuo 1
f
1
have written a petition
One can
ti
Jfe
4
Jg fi
i/e^
have brought an action against him).
kung (implicating him).
Oral evidence.
To petition (report to) the local authorities.

To draw out (to prepare) a draft.
Keep the
draft in the drawer.
To make
offerings to
an idol
visiting card.
Also called ming-p'ien
Obs.
explain
(see
before the tablets of ancestors).
(or,
Exercise
XX,
10,
The
Obs.).
difference
is
technical
any teacher
will
it.
1026.
ck'enz to spread out
J5|[
Here, and very commonly, stale
hence, to state.
4
1027. |fi '"Jan in legal or official language, a case or question.
regarding a case hence, records.
,
used.
Also, the correspondence
1028.
4
B$ ekao
1029.
5^
properly, to reflect light
shih*, a fashion
hence, according
to.
the fashion.
1030. Examples:
3
Jg mei
shih 4
%ft a
4
^ff o
yang
jj che
'
Q
No
Obs.
I
tiut
tS^
lit.,
chao
nyan
jf^
cho
tsai
draft,
HJJC
ch'en 2
Jfc a
mi
4
^L hsien
matter who prepares' the

Precedents
JjfJ
pan
it is
^
^
^j*
"S'an
pan
|jf
3
4
ij
ti
wo
f$ tou
4
j& shih
flg
chao 4
hf<i
tcung
Iff
tûan
^
jjffl
chao
cho
cli
en~
"% pvf
glf
lun4
^| shuife
ch'i
^s KUO'
always done according to the precedents on record.
old cases.
like to eat old rice.
To
act
An
official
deal with a matter) in accordance with justice.

According to the present style (or fashion).
This case is not yet finished (or closed).
06s.
(or,
communication
The term
is
or, to
write officially.
almost exclusively confined to correspondence between foreign and Chinese
officials.
TXfT
-200
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
EXERCISE XXXVIII.
W
4S
HE
ISCk
^M
T&
^
~,
Ivfe
I
j?w
**"
but the tone
is
>l\
J
am
i.
offices for
/.
entirely indebted to your
'
ood
son's [success in] obtaining the
my
post of copyist in the Board of Works.
of copyist:
lit.,
^f
AÎ
Ab
WL
xffl
^C
6^1
1JB
Obs.
Dead:
official in
iVt
Note
slip-writing employment.
not
t'ieh',
t'ieh 3 ;
(886) can also be nsnl.
t'ieh*
as above.
13!
"H
"^
"'
The post
06s.
-SrK
ft"
-de
9K.
nfe
xffl
^\ WL
v\\.
T M
>
vR
5IJ
'C4-
lit.,
W)
HJ
?fi
~7
The present incumbent
of the post
is
dead, and the chief has sent an officer to

w^ en th e new ly appointed substantive
act
/:H
^t
Hy
incumbent
be at an end.
has created a vacancy; the term used in
arrives, the acting
man's duties
reports for announcing the decease
official
will
an
active employment.
33
gi
j-
aa
.^
B, t^
'g
~f^
.jj..-
-ifcfe.
WE
iT
IS*
gl
pfe,
jar
-J-
j2|7
are the
Expectant
Ofe.s.
2.
Novitiate
lit.,
lit., is,
>D
&Î
JUt
'"
^^
_^
^ ^
HE
2$f
lie
-gr
ftf-
.,
ftk
& #
^
Oil
1^
.
*^
^
^ ^
Jf fHo
66
f*
-^
TT
fill
hou being here the verb
or acts as, [one
;H:
1^.
|.
waiting to
^
^fe
g.
5R
^S
^.
*^>
^ff
fly
n
to learn
by
fctta7l
Su b. c hiefs, or chiefs of
An
to wait.
practice
4-
yamens
.^
a.
who]
^^
x^
departments).
h
i.
OTft
expectant ssii kuan nc\vly

come to any yamen serves a novitiate.
Ha
ofa.
The
superior officers of the Six Boards

are called the Vang* kuan 1 ; those under them
3-
The
moves
[therein].
drafts of public
in the capital,
documents
when not prepared by
sub-chiefs of departments, are prepared

8^ wl
an
P anl (clerks).
official
in the
Rung*
by the
shih* are clerks with
button; their duties
are,
however, of
the same nature as those of the *hu l
pun
1
.
P^
^
^ ^
"T
*/.
^^
'K.
SK
5.
ê
When
^ra ft
a despatch has been sent
tftat
2
called a ch'en
of the past
3a?i
pl ace <l
4
no longer
(a case or
in hand).
tn e archives
off,
is
correspondence
PART
-tjf
^r
THE FORTY KXKKilsKS.
III.
ww
tery, so
ffi
7
B JH
lf
of
*JC
them were
money
manner;
c/i-'i,
to go to law, they
would want
just the same.
the aspect,
air,
or temper,
fesi,
T'-i
acquired by practice.
a bad sense.
in
06s.
is
hsi-ch'i, habit or
Ways:
i.
to the
Don't you yet know the ways of

yamen people ? even if the father of one
those
M
06s.
and went
petition
money.
in
10
;i
it,
3fc
1!r
wrote
from our ceim
trees
an action against him. The

yamen
send
in for me, however
would
not
ya yi
and said I must first give them so much
ffln
$1
iPi
some
stole
to bring
H 7
only
He
6.
201
Go
2.
to law:
to,
verb of motion, to undertake, kuan
The derivation of the term
an action at law.
ssti,
obscure.
W * &
j.
What
to
has the
come
arrived
by the chief
to
do
that
official
He
is
newly
a wei-yuan sent
is
to take evidence in that burglary
case.
P
Turn
1.
If a
the
man makes
a mistake in anything
a matter wrongly), and

(lit., manages
in fault, he must ch'eng2 tang 1 (abide the
he does
is
accept what he ought
consequences
Who undertakes this business
get).
;
2.
In
lit.,
business, whether great or
official
small, one
to
in all cases to serve one's
ought
country with zeal; and it is all one whether
the appointment be substantive or acting.
Obs.
Serve with zeal
tang
Tang
ch'ai 1
kuan
shili?
The management
be termed ch'ai 1
4.
when they
first
have
(to
of
the
is
private
same
as
is,
officials
learn
come
cannot
of the departments are called ssu 1

1
must
serve a
first
be sent to
kuan
The
yuan-.
duties
When
act.
(chiefs
of departments) or ssit
drafts
are prepared by them, but there are some
handed over
6.
shu 1
to the
Shu1 pan
When
li*.
of the
s/m 1
is
pan (clerks) to do.

the common name for
a matter
draft finished,
Board
to read.
2
3
fang hua* kao
their official
may
it is
duties).
affairs
to a public office.
a vacancy occurs they
1
A Board is divided into so many
shang* ssu
ssu 1 (departments), and the officials in charge
and the
official
shili?.
Expectant
novitiate, that
ch'ai 1
The largest public offices are the Six

Boards, and the highest officials in these are
the Pang* kuan 1 (chiefs) they are also called
5.
for (kei) the State put
lit.,
forth strength.
3.
(KEY, EXERCISE XXXVIII.)
is
duly transacted
given to the chiefs

2
is called /mi
That
(to lay before
lit.,
to report)
to the chiefs for signature.

j.
When
business,
transact
an
any public office has outside

must be deputed to
official
it.
26
202
ERH
TZtf
8.
Ya2
employed
yi*
and tsao4
in
Kuny
li
to
perform mis-
pass an examination
The correspondence
10.
that are concluded
Hi*
get
their
is
chung* (302).
-.
in official matters
stowed away and called
ts'un2 kao3 (archived drafts).
appointments
by examination; when they pass they get a

It is a more honourable appointment
button.
than that of shu 1 pan 1 (lit, they are more
honourable,
To
o/w.
are the underlings
yamen
every
cellaneous duties.
9.
li
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
drafts
not,
Of the archived
some have been sanctioned and others
but they are
all
archives.
etc.).
1031.
%$
huo4 adversity
1032. Jp|
1033.
the part of the stomach that produces digestion.
p'i?,
fH /it2
calamity.
prosperity.
with h#ing* (532), and sometimes
decree, of fate or of a superior;
1034. fin niing*,
without, existence.
1035. j|H yiin*, to convey
to bring to pass.
1036. Examples:
ch'i
ft huo*
1
5^ t'ien
4
mingr
ft.
&
Temper
06s.
yun
ch'i
g; cAi*
^ pv?
&
*hih*
ft to
h<?n
t'ai*
yu
2
|g /u
& P'#
t'a>
f4 hsiny*
fy
%
X
fa p'i
'rh
4
.'/"
'
7'' ;
also, eccentricity of character.
For ch\
His temper
Exercise
see
is
XXXVIII,
6,
Obs.
I.
too passionate.
He is also of a quick (or impatient) temperament.

He has a very prosperous air or, he is a prosperous
;
Is not this a great calamity
(or
happy) man.
The decrees of Heaven.

Good fortune.
Obs.
Lit.,
the ch'i [that the revolutions of fate bring] round.
To convey merchandise.
1037.
1038.
1039.
^
^
filj
1040. I
chih4 resolution.
,
yi
4
,
yi
huo2
addition; advantage.
alive
1
ts'ung
Colloquially, far oftener yV- than
living.
quick to apprehend what one hears.
//i
'
PART
1041.
wish
jp
yiinii*, to
3)(f
kung exertion
1042.
203
to bo willing.
in a
THE FORTY EXERCISKs.
III.
good cause.
1043. Examples:
>jj
&'an4
fld
fa
$k>
wai*
tti'ung
tfi
P'
Hfc
2
fg /mo'
chih*
me
man
^. VA.
wo8
Without resolution one may

Really there is no advantage.
Yi ch'u:
is
fear
1044.
my
eye, is that of a very intelligent
he can't
)j|
live.
k'uei
ku
to be deficient.
properly, fault
J^ /*,
specially, ingratitude
back on
to turn the
1047. ffE pao*, to hold in the

1048.
man.
unwilling to exert himself.
1045. lj&
1046.
a hundred years in vain."
live
places of advantage.
lit.,
His appearance, to
He
IS
of great resolution.
"
06s.
/'"""
2
fg /mo
"T liao 3
is
k'ung
^J mien*
yiian
He
to bear
to be ungrateful for.
on the back.
bosom or the arms; hence,
to cherish.
yuan*, resentment.
1049. Examples:
H fu*
pa
hai
"J"
yao*
chiao*
liao
s
ft wo
tzU
pao*
c/twi
yiian*
fft
4
fa 1
ti
/tao
lai*
cho
shu
wo3
i'a
ku
~f o liao
pu
jg
ft.
2
ts'ung
c/t'ien.
fljj,
^
^
tff,
hi
chien 4
$ pen*
^ ch'ien*
sM/< 4
Jg
c'/w"
to
t'ue?'
Jg k'uei
hen-
chieW
$j a k'uei
~f o liao
uen
yuan*
3
pun
nr
liao
ffc
ch'ilt
His capital was encroached upon he lost some of his capital.

suffer loss to get the worst of an encounter to have a bad time.
;
To
06s.
Lit., to eat (=suffer) loss.
almost entirely owing to you that this matter has been settled.
Owing to you lit., this matter, for the most part, if you had not been there (if your aid had been
would [not] have been settled. Chieh, completed lit., to knot (see 444). To W"iiei may be freely rendered, 1
It is
06s.
wanting),
am
greatly indebted to you.
RH
TZU
204
Kormerly
wanted him very much
me
against me, being ungrateful to

Obs.
Ungrateful
k'uei (1044)
living the child
/ra 2
1050. f5|
for
fu
my
felt
resentment
good intentions.
Peking
In fit.
as
in.
cold.
he was unwilling, and
to study;
as often used in
is
1051. f$| hui3 to repent, of good or

1052.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
evil.
shnn*, virtuous.
1053. jgi
"''o
",
vicious.
1054. Examples:
pu*
fg ndng
ton
ffi
&
^
Regret
ch'ien
-^ chin
ffl
tang
^j ch'u
^ Aua
Awi
to 1
fe hou*
<f|
fy
fg we?
#p jv?
A Jen
A jeV
yeh3
~f liao
2
t'a
men
in jv?
^
^
^
chin 1
hari*
k'u?
in bitter poverty.
much
spent too
Obs.
shan*
shorn*
~f liao
A fen*
%$ tou
3ft suan*
They are now
shih*
ô
~f liao
pu*
fg neng
suan*
'jj.
to begin with (at
When
after regrets.
lit.,
first),
and now
I regret
it.
verbalised, to repent or regret.
Good men and bad men.
Men
cannot
be accounted good, and yet they cannot
all
1055.
ch'tf,
1056.
f|ft
yiJ?,
1057. ff| ling
all
used in particular locutions as the definite

surplus
be accounted bad.
article
the person or thing.
remainder.
2
,
spiritual
intelligent.
1058. Examples:
te
'&
Jjn
3
j& ch'i
3E lai
wan2
i
3
fa hdn
^
g
5E 'rh
ffi
tou
&
fE no?
That child
Obs.
He
Obs.
Others
is
is
:
very intelligent
lit.,
J$
_t shang*
ling
fe
pien*
flfc
she*
mo
t'a
ft hsin
f|
^
%
t'a>
li
very quick, and can pick up any accomplishment.
Note
Jfl
yu*
hai 2
te#
ti
& pi
^ pu
3
fa hen
the others cannot be compared with him.

all compare not up to (or above) him.
the (ch'i) remaining ones
wan-i-'rh, accomplishments, such as music, archery, etc.
na*
ch'tf
ling
PART
THE FORTY EXEKrl-l>.
III.
205
EXERCISE XXXIX.
||J^^Jsi&yjS4ftlif.$i,l
-fj.
1$
iar
H,
*Si
HI
Not
i.
& t&
attribute
All due
06s. 2.
lit.,
yrt
l
'
1$ $C
'ffi
# tfl
Obs.
Ah
'o I" 'IW
jfi
-if
in
lit.,
wholly
That success of
i.
^
&
not attribute
was
all
tion
and industry.
due
to his
his
is
due
to his luck.
to his luck; I think it
it
own
merits, his determina-
T, ft
my
is
say ing
it
= opinion,
it is
See kuan
not connected with luck.
(63), to concern.
that he has resolution-and-willingness-to-use-exertion's good
points, or
advantage.
That good deeds bring happiness and
deeds misfortune
is
a natural principle
ordained by the laws of Heaven.
^S^t^^Kl^'ftfii^
*JL*
tl
de
ti&
-Hi
Tit
3S
xjv
To
15
'S
*3i
-fcr
"Ji
It
the
rice that he brought from

consignment
Chihli, and has even lost some of his capital.
the from Chihli conveyed coining
i.
Consignment
'".
2.
Note that tou does not here mean
lit.,
made anything on
has not
of
"/w.
He
3-
but both
all,
(tf) rice.
both the
profits
were absorbed, and some of the
<"ipitnl MS well.
JQSSM^roAWT4
P&
'
>/w.
Obs. 2.
&**
^
^
~JT
iffl
fT
No
matter
how
His temper
Sll
IS
fife
4-
man
*&
may
^s
a pity
mtel%ent
it
matter
how
temper.
he is sure to grumble
as
you please
treat
him
is
he
>
No
^S ^P
jen p'ing, you
What
that although that
has
an
impossible
well one treats him,
(Mt., feel
resentment).
well, etc.
note that one can speak of a man's p'i-ch'i being good, or of his having no p'i-ch'i,
eccentricities of character or temper, at all.
Jg
~f
^
AJ?
#ft,
ii:
ra,
H|
~f
vf-
=h
-jB'
66
ret
-fc?
5-
move
i.
Obs. 2.
the weather
about, and then
is cold,
people must
their bodily health will
not suffer; otherwise, when they get

will
nil*,
When
Note kan 3 , when, short for lean too, when they arrive at.
Repent in vain hou hui pu lai; lit., repentance won't eoine, there
:
Lai must here be treated as hsing, to succeed, to have good
ill,
they
repent in vain.
results, or
will
some similar word.
be no result from repentance.
TZO ERH CHI.
206
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
What do you gam by
i ]&
ffi
f^ if*
jg
energies to these undertakings which do not

concern you ?
Your father spent all that
J/h
I.
T&.
ffl
ffl
if?
money in buying you an official post, and yet

y u wont carry out your official duties us
_.
you should.
6.
devoting your
^*'
'
Isn't this ingratitude for the

of
goodness
your parents to you ? You really
^=f
ffi
estrange people [by your conduct].
**
-a*,
zc.
is
-^
x*-
unendurable (Ki,
The pain
killing).
All that money jo kan; lit., as these ones. Kan (Radical 51) is explained in the native
06s. i.
to be equivalent in this combination to ko, one or ones ; and by a process of amplification which it is not necessary here
to go through, the two characters can be shown to mean as many as these or this.
The expression is in common use
:
colloquially,
and may be positive as well as comparative, as jo kanjen, a whole lot of people.

As you should, properly ching ching ; lit., the straight length. Hence, the proper or
06s. 2.
morally, properly, respectably.

06s. 3.
To estrange :
direct route
Cf. ching ching jtn, a respectable person.

lit.,
Han
cause people's hearts to be cold.
hsin, a cold
heart, refers to the coldness
engendered by ingratitude.
&
10
*^C
3L
ffl
,
Igg
ML ^
^fe
,_.
y^j
**^
'
&
3L
$
ti
>\\
i.
Fat in the face
06s.
2.
Last year:
lit.,
lit.,
rest
of the
children are really no good at
all.
You
8.
time
06s.
you could not
huo
ti,
huo can be used

can be taken
Turn
off.
of anything that can be
The converse
prosperous man.
tained
it
He
is ssti ti ;
i. He has a
very good disposition, and
has not a grain of temper
how can any
calamity befall him ? Besides, he looks a
06.
it
live.
eh'ii.
Open
;
This
judge from your appearance,
that window.
The window
is
won't open.
*>
Fixture
is
are quite fat in the face.
last year, to
9.
of a gun, which
intelligent, and,
The
fixture
fM
most
willing to exert himself.
your face has put forth happiness.

chiu often taking the place of
the old year
is
besides,
Q
O
m
06s.
stu(i ent
is
(See 302.)
HA
m
ft
^n ^s
?'
looks prosperous:
growing has
very-much-possessing-prosperity's manner.
lit.,
at-
moved
lit.,
or taken to pieces
dead, a fixture, or a
as, for instance,
the stock
dummy.
(KEY, EXERCISE XXXIX.)

2.
The ming*
(fortune) of a
man
at his
may be good or evil; and even yiin*

(luck) is not all of one kind.
3. No matter what one does, one must
birth
cft'i*
have resolution, and then success is a matter

If a man has not the slightest
of course.
PART
need not think to make any
resolution, he
way
his
all
III.
207
disgust people with you (estrange them)
If
out (knows) by-and-by, and duns

you for the money, you will certainly repent
he finds
life.
4
Obs.
Way, progress chin yi ; lit., advancement
the
Note
the tone.
[on
path of] gain, advantage.
:
it
it.
Don't you make any mistake about

that man. In speech and action he has plenty
<>f
"go," and is not in the least a "stick."
Obs.
4.
Interference: to ihih;
i.
lit.,
many
matters,
a term applied to a busybody or a person who interferes

in matters witli which he has no concern.
Obs. 2.
Certainly repent chun shih hou hui ti, it
assuredly a to-be-a-hereafter repented of ti, action, or
some similar word ; hereafter being rendered by yao, the
:
He
is
exceedingly intelligent withal, and has
is
He is always at home, and

won't go anywhere, being so very fond of
work.
lots of resolution.
Obs.
Don't make a mistake:
i.
do not you wrongly regard

" Go "
Obs. 2.
converse
of which
is
The doing of good or the doing of evil

depends entirely on a man himself. An evil6.
man
that
movement
lively
ss& yang,
inanimate,
the
Depends on
Obs.
fashion.
7.
You borrow
other people's money, and

the
he, fearing
payment of interest may cause
you loss, pays it back for you. This is an
5.
don't
1059.
which
may
fft
precede or follow
1060. 551
also
fhin 3 tight
4
2/"-
it,
extreme
or rests with.
are all good.

take the rest away I
sorts
is
very quick; whatever
Very quick: hen yu ling hsing
lit.,
hence,
when used with yao4
to want,
When
so used
it is
1
generally coupled with hsien before
,
found in combination with the next character.

1061. Iff pei*, to prepare
ready.
1062. ill t'ung 1 passing from one point to another without hindrance; to understand.
,
1063.
^ kung
1064.
& ho
2
,
4
,
collectively
united
together with.
agreeing with.
1065. Examples:
3
f& hen
ho
pu
4
f@ ko
jj| 3
t'uny
t'ung'
cheng
ho 2
^fc
kung
san1
too
'rh
,B|
ma
fg
yii
f| pei
Jj|
1
,i
very
intelligent disposition or nature.
important.
beforehand.
>
You can
This little dog

he
understands.
say
06s.
Also,
pressing.
tsai, is in,
want them.
much has an
it
different
8.
Isn't this ingratitude for a well-
intentioned [act] on his part, and won't
These
Leave them.
advantage to you, and yet you resent his

interference.
is
equally a good man.
dead
lit.,
3
3
repents and reforms (hui kai )
who
doer
(ch'iao).
huo tung,
him
lit.,
sign of the future.
t'ung
^ pu
jj| 3
t'ung
IS
Ztt
yv?
fj|
yil
^ pei
"f hsia
,|| o
/^f o
C/l'tt
ma
ft hsien
4
%f kao
4
4
^f cê
pu
chin*
te
kan3
chin?
3
g)f
su
hao
3E
wo3
liao
sung*
hsin*
it is
208
ERH
Tzfi
It
does not matter
not important.
it is
Send the letter as quickly

Is the room pivpaivd ?
Tell
me
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
as possible.
beforehand.
Get the horse ready; saddle the horse (not harness him,
Have
dift'erence;
has here the force of to be in waiting.
li*iu-
Can one get through by
No
see 770.)
the horse ready.

Note the
06s.
which
for
this
road
thoroughfare.
Altogether thirty.
Very much
We
06s.
my
to
liking.
can say also ho wo ti
i.
It just suits.
Obs.
Lit., exactly agrees
1066.
(^
ck'u-, to
1067. U0J,
with the pattern.
take away; to subtract from.
With/ei (Radical
The second
sMng*, to remain, as the balance of a sum.

first form is generally used.
jiff
character, though the
1068. ^ff ying*> excess
175), except.
is
the correct
overplus.
1069. ||j Jiswng*, properly, a figure resembling
to resemble
to
seem
like.
1070. ty\ ss& 4 shih4 (differently pronounced under different circumstances), resembling.
,
1071. Examples:
1
fei
flfc
t'a
ch'u*
*
Pu
ti
lao 3
J| chang
&
tztt
ffi
te
cjM
^
^
Mw*
J-
ff a hsing'
Hiyhsiang
c/t'tt
2
fife,
jfc
shui s
s/w/4
6^0
**
hsiang* jg cA?
t'a
&
2
fc liu
tzti
ft
hair
yu
ft hua
There
is
no surplus (nothing
06s.
Note that
This child
is
money goes
always pronounced shih when followed by
1072.
heng
it
2
,
^F c
g[
&
hsiang*
ti.
won't do.
horizontal, as opposed to perpendicular.
&
ck'ien 1
~f
yin*
ft
'
1
"f
yv?
fts. 1,000.
as water flows.
To photograph.
Except he goes,
8
jj /tao
very like his father.
'
over).
as fast as water flows
ssii is
c/i<ie%
After deducting the expenditure there remains a balance of
To spend money
^
&
yintf
j(flj
PART
209
III.
4
| shu perpendicular, as opposed to horizontal.
1073. H|,
1
xhang of a man's person or
animate and inanimate.
1074.
beside,
1075. $JJ p'eng

1076.
feelings, to
2
,
a mat-shed
on
to 1 to place
,
a pent-house
to pile
up
to
wound
to injure.
Also of
many
things
an awning.
Also, to join, as a party of people
put up.
to
add.
1077. Examples:
ko
fg]
Hang-
jj^/tsm
$JJ
p'eng-
Jj
jfr a
hac3
3^
jj|
ck'uan
^ mu
shou4
|g shang
to 1
i
f^
wo3
wood upright
Set that log of
ft
Aen
3
fjfc
ch'u*
&
f wo
hsia 4
t'ie-n
&
ti
fjft
1
jg to
shunf/
_t shang
shang
Zmo
people can't pass
shu4
J&
ch'i?
A Jen*
to?
t'a
'rh,
when
| Aen^r
feai 4
^c
mw
jj|
f ou-
Jt too*
pu-
pa*
eke*
i*
it is
2
^5 lai
chia
Arao
:fl
fcg%'
4
lying across the road.
have wounded his cow.
To
suffer injury (of persons or things).
am
very distressed in mind.

it is a
good thing to put up an awning.
To take passage on board a ship.
I
In
summer
chuns
1078. '^6
The character
>f
power
to adjust
power; authority; hence, power to change.
Also, appearancr
1080. Examples:
p'ai*
'rh
i]\
fj^ o
J$j
hsiao 3
ni
His balance
is
$j
miao
ti
gj|
^t o
3% shih
sui4
shift,
jj che
not so true as mine
-T'ien-p'ing, a balance for
e/7t
ft Jen
tso*
/F pu*
06s.
Hence, a rule accurate accuracy certain sure.

is the form in more common use.
to equalise.
3
interchangeable with chun (567), but the latter
shih4 property
aspect condition.
1079.
i
is
Hang*
yu?
(&
t'a
yi<n?
fg
wo3
$j
ti
tzti,
JjQ
tsung
it is
weighing silver
3j
ch'a
ftfy
i|l
1
5c t'ien
ti
chun
i4
:i
2J>
pingmei2
invariably two candareens out on every

Note ch'a 4 (sec 1005).
326).
tael.
(see
According to circumstances.
This is an imposing looking temple.
06s.
small.
Lit., this
temple's shih p'ai-'rh, distributed appearance (=the way in which it is laid out), is not
to persons, also to any pageant or procession, such as a funeral cortege, a
wedding, etc.
The term can be applied
27
TZU ERH CHI.
'210
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
EXERCISE XL.
(Hi
p5ry
*r
j^
EX
^?f\
3Â
A" o f^
ira
3?
"4
^Ht
At+
E2
Tylv
$ft
-tiii
if*
$K?
rc
Kj
^P
A*
5f
EX.
&
Whether y u come every day or not

no consequence. If there be anything
of pressing importance you will have to be
I-
is
In any case:
Obs.
2.
Note the
will
have to come when sent
Mng
of
sent for in any case.
shu (here read heng* shih);
i.
Obs.
take
-H?
lit.,
horizontally or perpendicularly, whichever
way you
it.
which he
and
force of lai
for.
showing that the person addressed
ch'ii,
Emphasise
>P(Hlll(Hj^Kl^r2
/ttr
^
-^
re
"V
(&
flR
is
at the
moment
a pity that he has built that

house so unlike what a house ought to be. It
2.
Ji*t
It
is
looks just like a stable, and
^H
WJ
P? c 7&
W*
lut
ft
HA
-f-
06s. i.
Looks just like: hao=hen.
combine to produce our verb resemble the
;
at the place to
chiao.
seemly place
for
him
is
by no means
to live in.
Note the object resembled between hsicmg and sfcife, the two words which
had better be translated as a noun, q.d., much like a horse-shed's
latter
likeness.
Obs.
2.
stable
is
commonly
called
ma
hao
(858),
ma
p'eng being, strictly speaking, a lean-to without doors
or windows.
06s. 3.
Seemly
nn
~K
~T
"5"
:JT
B26
3*
"*
or suitable
jig
IT
not like the appearance,
/&
3||
3?
j2_
q.d.,
BR 3
that a house in which he lives should have.
3-
house
^*
How many
(or,
chien 1 are there in that
block of buildings)
There are
altogether more than a hundred some forty

or fifty over and above what people are
;
ft
CT
j?
?S
JW
House note that i so fang-tz-S, means the whole of the rooms or separate buildings forming one block,
06s. i.
courtyard, or set of courtyards comprising one establishment ; i tso fang-tzfl, would be one building, as, for instance, that
on one side of a courtyard, but the expression is not common.
:
Obs.
2.
Chien
is
not, strictly speaking, the numerative of
rooms or houses, but is a noun indicating a certain

many rooms, but so many chien, the chien being
space measurement. Chinese houses are not spoken of as containing so

the space between any four of the pillars that support the roof; thus,
fang-tz&,
if
we spoke
of a
ssfi,
chien wu-tzti or
ssti,
chien
we should mean
that there were four such spaces in the room or house, or, in other words, that the roof
ten pillars, five on a side
a house of 100 chien would be a house that contained 100 such spaces.
was supported by
number
The student
is requested to modify the rendering given of chien in 47 in

accordance with the above explanation yi chien fang-tuft, is not a house irrespective of the number of chien it contains
(which is i/i tso fang-tztt), but a house of one chien.
irrespective of the
of rooms.
Obs.
40 or 50
3.
chien.
Over and above:
lit,
having excluded the persons inhabiting ones, below remaining
still
are there
PART
^
j=^
~F
tw
n&
B|
gn
&fe
Obs.
i.
What
Obs.
^.
After paying
due
is
^^
wai
ch'ien
huan 1
read
not
lit.,
han
0.
._.
p.
/3
My
taels.
monthly income
am
is
never
sufficient,
sorely distressed at having to live
rtft
et a
in
^ Qe doorposts of a door are perpendithe [beams of] wood above and below
7-
IH
man
which he hurt very badly.
child,
cular
F=*.
ch'ien ioai.
in this way.
. ,
*E
is
pay.
me
have nothing left from it on the contrary,

have some debts remaining that I cannot
6>
due to
after paying my
have a credit balance <>t
outside owings, the converse of which
J?
flrt
is
and
taels,
I shall
what
or hai.
JZL
total of
one or two thousand
5-
ft ft
me
to
thousand
own debts
-M-
* *h T
li
4-1 put the

at ten
'
î
$S.
i"
*_
III.
the door are horizontal.
S ^
^8
end on
I*
25
-Sb
direction of things laid flat will
be said to be perpendicular or horizontal conditionally; if [the direction of] a thing lying
.a.
ftf
The
8-
cular,
it
to
a person be held to be perpendibe regarded as horizontal by
will
anyone whose face
is
turned at right angles
to that of the first person.
06s. i.
Conditionally lit, of a tiling laid flat on the ground the saying king and the saying shu are accordingto-the-case-and-considering-the-circumstances' hito tung hua, movable expressions.
:
06s.
2.
be, a side-facing
Obs.
3.
End on
man, then
Held
if
lit.,
that before [one's] face chih, in a right line, confronting, be shu, [whoever] tsai,
will regard it as
to be
wei 1 , to
may
Mng.
make
of, as in (so wei.
the same verb ivei preceded by i, to use, here acting as the sign of the objective case of a
noun, the object of wei, understood; q.d., of the direction specified, the side-facing man makes horizontal=he regards it
as horizontal.
Treat i wei as the verb to regard, remembering that the object may either precede the combination or
Obs. 4.
come between
its
Regarded
two
parts.
It
is
equally correct to say
cM
ko i wei shih heng and i che ko wei heng.
212
TZf)
Turn
CHI.
had a very im-
portant matter to attend to, and that you

were to get the horse ready saddled in waiting
me and
for
got
If I don't scold you,
ready.
hi a temper,
me
put
as
even at this hour you have not
it
my
if
2.
end
and
if I
you
will
do, it will look
temper was bad.

into from
Putting together what
to
end
t'ung ch'ang, the complete
length (1062).
3.
You have borrowed more than you
How
have repaid.
to the
good
can you have any balance
I told
you
to
hang up the drawings
the perpendicular ones to be hung at the two

sides of the door, and the horizontal one over
5.
You have hung them all wrong.

You hand this matter over to me
In any case
I will
manage
it
to
all
right for you.

6.
Say nothing about
that other affair in a
way
it.
You managed
that distressed
me
very much. The last time I thought of putting up an awning (sky awning) I asked you
to buy mats for me.
To my surprise (who
would think?), you were not in the least to be
depended on (had not a grain of accuracy).

You did not buy the articles, and I couldn't
even catch a sight of your
NOTE.
dicular.
have
After deducting
what I have repaid you, I estimate that I
have a small sum over to the good.
From end
From your appearance I should say

a very intelligent man, and yet
were
you
don't
know horizontal from perpen(how) you
4.
deal with.
borrowed from you at different times, what

does the total amount to
06s.
(KEY, EXERCISE XL.)
the top.
Our accounts must be gone
to end.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
the fdlmvmg vnto Chinese.
you just now
I told
1.
ERH
face.
Cho 2 or chao 2
is written in the two different forms given in 45, but the second is that more
commonly
It is especially used in this latter sense in Imperial Decrees,
employed, except when eho signifies to command.
to express the "We will" of the Emperor.
When preceding adjectives or adverbs, it is read both cho and chao.
We have, for instance, cho shih, of that which is real and true, bond fide; cho lo, of the settlement of a doubt, claim,
After verbs, when

duly eager, or over-eager, and from the latter, impatient.
most commonly, almost universally, cho, as in tsou cho, going, p'ao cho, running but if the
auxiliary te, or pu representing pu te, come between it and the verb, it is invariably chao, as in chao te chao, has found
or can find, chao pu chao, cannot find.
In either case, whether chao or cho, after a verb its meaning is almost identical
inquiry, etc.
but chao
chi, anxious,
nothing intervenes, it is
The probability is that

te, which, again, as has been before observed, is often corruptly supplanted by ti.
used now to produce what we call the inflection of the possessive case was originally te, and it is reducible to an
equivalent of te in almost every construction in which we find it, except perhaps those which we should term adverbial
with that of
the
ti
If,
is
where
rendered by our terminations like as in sailorlike, or wise in crossivise. Even in these

would do their duty, but as the parallel constructions in classical written Chinese are formed by jan, thus, and there
between the primitive meaning of jan, and that of ti a certain affinity, it may be safer to infer that in these ti figures
those, that
is,
in its earlier
which
is
ti
may be
and uncorrupted sense. This was brightness, manifestness, like the white part of a target hence, that
The word jan, originally the flashing of fire, came to mean thiis by apparently a similar process.
evident.
PAET
III.
213
CHINESE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.*

As
LENGTH.
in
started with a certain
England we commence with barleycorns, so in China have the natives

of kernels of grain
whether disposed lengthwise or crosswise
number
10 fen a ts'un 4 (-if), the Chinese inch

The
10 ts'un a ch'ih (/J), the Chinese cubit, covid, or foot; and 10 ch'ih a chang4 (?).
Board
at
is
Mathematical
the
fixed
the
ch'ih, says
13.125 English
Peking
Chrestomathy,
by
inches, that used by tradesmen in Canton varies from 14.625 inches to 14.81 inches, and that
is
One
disputed.
grain
is
held to
make a fen 1
(ft)
employed by the engineers of public works is 12.7 inches, while that by which distance
measured is 12.1 inches nearly. The li3 (J[), or mile, is 1,897^ English feet; and 192^
is
usually
li
used to
be reckoned for a degree of latitude or longitude. But the European mathematicians at the
capital, deviating from their predecessors, divided the degree into 250 li, reducing it to 1,826
English feet, or the tenth part of a French league; and this, at present, is the established
Accordingly, the
measure.
li is
The fen may be taken
little
more than one-third of an English
mile.
as equivalent to a line in rough calculations

an inch. The ts'un in
ch'ih 14.625 inches) exactly 1.015625 of the twelfth of
1.21875
an
inch, or one inch
and
one-fifth.
other artizans in measuring their work;
employed, but
N.B.
14.1
it is
usually about 14.35 feet
The chang
U)
it
(calling the
is
Canton
is
equal to
The chang
is frequently used by carpenters and

of
course
length
depends on that of the ch'ih
of the Foreign Trade Tariff of 1858
is
141 English inches; the ch'ih,
English inches.
LAND MEASURE.
f
its
or
mw = about one-sixth
current coin,
ch'ih,
Chinese
feet,
of an English acre
make one pu*

and 100
mou
(;?),
calculated with
It
reference to
commonly known
weight.
pace
one ch'ing
must be borne in mind that, except copper

and that, except where foreign coin is employed,
WEIGHT.
ounce,
Five
240
pu
one
mou s
(tg).
cash, the Chinese have no
payments in
all
The maximum money weight
as the tael, the subordinate divisions of
is
the
Hang
silver
3
are
(!), say
which are the ch'ien 2 (f&) or
1
2
mace, /eta (ft), candarin, li (;|f ), cash; the three last-named denominations respectively equalling
the one-tenth, one-hundredth, and one-thousandth of the Hang. The cash of the copper currency,
which should properly be worth a tael a thousand, are spoken of as t'ung2 ($g) ch'ien2 or
the latter term being moreover generic of money, like our word cash.
ch'ien,
In what we should call avoirdupois, the weights to be remembered, in addition to the

1
above, are the chin (Ff or ^jj) catty, or Chinese pound of 16 Hang or ounces, the ounce being
The chin is equal to about ij Ib. English, and 100 chin
subdivided, as in money weight.
make
the tan* (JJ), or shih* (%j),
known by us
as the
picul=i33j
tan and shih are used interchangeably at Peking, but the

sound, being called tan*, and almost invariably written g.
* Condensed from the " Chinese
Chrestomathy," the highly
Vciluable
latter is
ft.
English.
The
never used with
work compiled by the
late Dr.
characters
its
proper
BRIDGMAN.
PART
IV.
THE TEN DIALOGUES.
TZ& ERH CHI.
216
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
PART
IV.
THE TEN DIALOGUES.

DIALOGUE
What
1.
from, sir
you
am
man
a T'ien-ching (Tientsin)
ask your country ?

3. I am a Chihli man
too.
Ah we are fellow-provincials,
Who is that gentleman ?
He is a foreigner.
!
5.
6.
7.
Do you know what
8.
do not
intercourse
17.
better ask
sir
country,
What have you brought
Small things in the Japanese lacquer-
21
22.
[pi*
'
1.
Obs.
Obs.
chia 4
2.
May
ask
province of China do the

?
they do a large business ?

large, I should imagine.
Not very
12.
20.
06s.
Do
19.
T'ien-chin or T'ien-ching.
there.
From what
12.
What part kuei, honourable, for the

I am
pi, vile, in ill condition,
i.
There are some Chinese merchants
20.
ware wav.
2.
of our merchants gone over
The greater part are from the provinces of Kwangtung and Fukien.
with you,
sir?
2.
told that no one
have been removed, and

an easier matter than it used
majority of them go
in business.
10.
1 1
8.
19.
am
had been
and subjects
ask what brings you to our
May
is
Have any
there yet
1
9.
to be.
himself.
Indeed!
sir
late the restrictions
then.
him here ?
him
brings
you had
15.
could get into Japan or out of it.

1 6. That
difficulty did exist once, but of
4.
14.
Oh you are from Japan,

Yes; I am a Japanese.
13.
2.
may
part of the country are
I.
ij!|
22.
sheng
possessive pronoun of the second person.

for the possessive of the first pronoun
lit.,
have not
chili*
IS kitang 3
ling, received your instruction
my humble
;
place
i>
you have not said
whence you come.
ware
4.
Obs.
Fellow-provincials
8.
Obs.
Himself:
Obs.
Obs.
15.
Obs.
16.
06s.
19.
both the speakers are
men
of the province of Chihli.
Sir:
i.
No
i.
one
Did
nevertheless difficult.
hsieh-'rh,
hsiang, properly, village
tsunchia; lit., honoured chariot.

Japanese: tuny ;/<</<:/; lit., the eastern sea; the sea or ocean; hence, foreign.
the gum with which lacquerware is covered.
9.
12.
c/i'i,
him, the individual man.
lit.,
somewhat
Obs.
nan,
exist
Obs.
difficult,
t'oit li,
2.
i.s
k'ai,
to open, chin, the prohibitions
better.
Province
siting,
20. 06s.
Kwangtung
22. 06s.
of which there are 18 in China.
kuang, broad.
should imagine
2.
Lacquer-
as often as not used for impossible.
in the beginning, formerly, eh'io, notwithstanding,
Removed
Obs.
chihp'a;
lit.,
I only fear.
[however easy now,

hence, the state of things
it
is
was]
liao
PART
haven't they money

should say not much.
not
23.
Why
24.
Well,
Why
do they go
25.
they haven't
money
Most
26.
take charge of their hongs

and to act as brokers for them.
Japan, then,
if
Do
29.
on
get
the}'
Japanese
30. Neither has
have
accompanied
with
well
thr
much
confidence in
tin:
other, I imagine.
Europeans.
What do Europeans
27.
to
28. It is
them
of
to
217
THE TEN DIALOGUES.
IV.
carry
them with
them for?
Obs.
28.
to
i.
Act
as
but another form of (so
tm) is
through, fhou, the hand.

Confidence ksiang
30. Obs.
(see
Part III, 50).
Obs.
Brokers
2.
thing, in the sense of
i>ii>s
reciprocal trust, faith, or belief in each other (pi tz'n).
It-sin,
DIALOGUE
1
Is not the horse
you are
horse of our country hen

2.
for
Yes
it
riding,
13-
in
Who
4.
in the horse-yard chose
How much
did they ask you for
for
you
was
your country.
The people
it ?
15.
7.
They asked thirty

Did you give it ?
8.
6.
did not
him
taels.
thought they asked too
7.
8.
And how much

I
closed with
did you give ?

them for twenty-two
died
12.
The horse was mine
Was he
really
once.
why
'.
did you
returned
taels.
1 1
did you pay for
mi'
ni-na.
20.
06s.
Sir
06s.
And how much
19.
06s.
I.
Father died
had you not
was
my
gave up
home
Oh yes
And during
;
06s.
i.
Dear me! ai
hsien fu,
ya.
06s.
chiii
Obs.
my
3.
then, and
family
affairs.
his
illness
ill
'
who took
20.
i/o
my
my father
was your father long

pretty near ten years.
21.
(tjj-
employment
to look after
me
tin-
in a public office until
Dear
20.
in the first
good deal I had money then.

Ah! you had something in
'/.
III, 648).
[though you did not give what they asked] tao
ko hsia, laid down, the appointment.

second the administration, required in
20.
ai'
See nin, above (Part
i.
9.
[Jj
him
charge of his family

jjtj
ti,
in the end, etc.
06s. 2.
Gave up
departed from, sliih, the world.
liao li ; the first word signifying here the calculation, the
late father, ch'ii,
Look
after
ic, household business.

2.
Your
father: ling tsun;
days long enduring.

22. 06s. i.
His illness
t'a-na, like ni-na, a respectful form
chao ying, looked to everything, and met every requirement.
:
What
20.
22.
sell
him?
[.
he had no defect what-
at all;
public service,
19.
9.
Long
6.
instance
much.
10.
Not
ever.
it
me.
5.
him because I wanted money.

was not on account of any defect,
I sold
14. It
3.
it
sir,
'.
was bought
bought
II.
both words signifying honourable.
06s.
3.
jih-fzii chin,
pronounced t'an-na.
Obs. 2.
Took charge
28
T/r KRH CHI.
218
He was
23.
had you not

not
lost
might
am not sure.
26. How not sure ?
35.
still;
He
would have
in
staid
made
Did your salary
in
the place
out of it.
36.
was not he made Governor

?
was; Governor
if
of
Honan.
is
that were you
still
But
sir
in public
employ His Excellency WANG would beyond

doubt be willing to give you a lift.
he never liked me.
37. You are wrong
not cover your
it
My
idea
your
relation.
what do you imply by your question,
here had been more to be

28.
Better
of a province the other day
27. I
t
34.
your father ?
might have remained or
25. I
office
WANG
not His Excellency
connexion by marriage ?
33. More; he is my blood
out.
Should you have remained in
24.
32. Is
able to attend to his affairs
though he could not go
iu-doors,
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
expenses
imagination; what evidence

have you that he did not ?
39. The last time he left home I asked
38. That's
29. Well,
it
still
did;
addition
little
was required to make one comfortable.

Don't think
30.
odd
it
if I
say that you
him
were wrong to give up your place.
27.
28.
06s.
25.
Obs.
tang
1
,
31.
41.
man
i'
32.
wang'
32. J
made:
to be
hsiang, properly, the neck;
Cover expenses p'ei,

the advances made.
:
to
make up
34-
36.
ffipa*
36.
58.
fg
I'ltlHI/'
Tc hsiang, the items, MUMS,
subdivisions.
items;
a deficiency, but, popularly, to lose
Well [though I could have wished more]

Think it odd: kuai, to be angry with.
:
Obs.
i.
too, yet, I
06s. 2.
had not
money
tien, to
advance nmney.
to p'ei tien.
Were wrong:
in laying
down your
office
you were
not right.
You
06s.
number
marriage.
have you."
think:
to follow, to lean against, according to;
i,
would have] chiao, caused me to do what?

His Excellency: WANG ta-jln; the two
32. O6s. i.
large
in the world, I wouldn't
More
29. Obs.
/in
$C
specially used of the profits or pickings of an office.
tien, to lose
30.
ought
to
note that a son cannot speak of his father as J'a.

1
in office
tang here to perform.
To-shao ch'ien: in Peking as often pronounced to-rh ch'ien.
28. Obs.
P ei
^lim"
31.
Remained
27. Obs.
obtained
28.
hsiang
ftgp'ei'
He
23. Obs.
24.
JJ
me with him.
And what answer did he make
He said, "If there were not another
to take
40.
31. Why, what do you think

have done ?
all
of officials
Emphasise
whom, however, we should not
last
lit.,
in that case,
according to your idea, [you
words make an honourable appellative proper to a

06s. 2.
Connexion cli'in c/i'i, related l>y
style Excellency.
ch'in.
Made governor: fang, to let go (in the higher grades of office, to appoint), hsdn fn, the former
34. 06s.
character signifying to go rounds, as a watch the latter, to soothe, to conciliate.
Under the present dynasty, the chief
authority over a single province, with a few exceptions.
35. Obs.
Imply by your question: lit., what is your lofty view, the view of your superior intelligence
Give you a lift: t'i, to lift or pick up, pa, to pluck or pull up; t'i also means to mention or allude
36. 06s.
;
'.
to (see Dialogue
IV,
81).
anyone in preference to others to show preference

he heretofore has not hsi huan, rejoiced in, me.
T'i pa, to help on
37. 06s.
Never liked
38. 06s.
Evidence:
lit.,
what
is
to.
a tui chengl the latter word (chtng) signifying witness, that lui, accords with,
what you advance.

39.
outside
Obs.
i.
said of
Last time: shang tz'ii, the time, or turn, last above the present.
anyone going to some distance to trade, on duty, etc.
O6s.
2.
Left home:
lit.,
went
PART
Dear me
42.
such sternness
He
43.
THE TEN DIALOGUES.
IV.
was there any reason
'.
me
because
was
idle
52.
tinue to bear you such
You
don't
now.
illwill
know
53.
he said more than
54.
55.
no matter what luck
said that
me any
he might have, he would never show

favour again.
No;
is
it
equally divided amongst
What
was
sort of property
money
There was some ready money and
'.
it,
some house property, and business as well.

56. How came the house to you when
you were not the eldest son
57. While my father was alive my eldest
'
He
elder brother a larger share
the three of us.
47.
Has your
than the rest
have told you.

46. But not that he would never forgive
you
'.
50.
was young.
be easy about that. Bygones are
44. Oh
His Excellency surely doesn't conbygones.
45.
Did your father's property all come to

you, or was it divided
5 1. Not all to me
my two brothers, elder
and younger, have each a share.
for
can't bear
and extravagant when
what
What
a pity that with such an opportunity as this you shouldn't be able to avail
brother always looked after the shop.

58. Oh! and you live in the house to
yourself of
take care of your mother
48.
it.
There
49.
is
no help
my own that I
of my time long ago.
fault but
use
for
it
did not
it's
no one's
make
my younger brother beini;

away from home he has got a private
secretary's place somewhere or other.
59. Exactly,
also
better
44-
43.
43-
chien*
43.
43-
obt.
i.
Can't
i.
Oh
bear:
44.
chi
44.
chiu
hen,
to
yu*
50.
58.
\dtif
53-
59-
46.
4
48.
1
hate, to
49-
hsi
'
54-
be wrath with.
Obs.
2.
Idle:
was not
ch'in,
diligent,
and
C/MI//.
economical.
44.
|>a.-t,
Obs.
or,
46.
an
ai,
since the thing
is
06s.
2.
chin*, there
is
interjection.
past,
yu
Bygones: chi, of time that

no fault [imputed].
is
past
since.
Chi
n'<ing, as to
what
Forgive: yu, to forgive; k'ttan yu, to have the liberality to forgive.

Luck: lit., no matter what share of promotion, wealth, etc., he might reach.
Obs.
47. Obs.
48. Obs.
Opportunity: chi, motive power, hiti, to meet, to come across; the meeting with the motive power that
accomplish a certain object in view.
Better use: hsi, properly, rest; the profit, interest, accruing on money put out.
C/t'n hsi, to make
49. Obs.
profit, or the profit made; colloquially, seldom used except in a moral sense.
Emphasise </<'.
will
50.
Obs.
53.
"6s.
54.
06s.
All come: chtian, exclusively, Tcuei, to revert

Equally chun, in even shares.
to.
i.
Was
it:
na, an
interrogative particle.
06s.
2.
Property:
ch'an yeh
may mean
land, house,
01
business.
The house: lit., the dwelling-house below your person. 06s. 2. Eldest: chattg 3 cf. chang \>- i, an
56. 06s. i.
elder generation.
Alive: tsai, existing.
57. obs.
Take care of: tz'tt liou, to wait on both words meaning to wait, to wait for. Ob*. 2. Your mother:
58. O6*. i.
ling t'ang ; the latter word, properly a hall, being elliptically used for hsilan Pang, a poetical term for mother.
;
59.
Obs.
being in court.
Private secretary: mil, properly, a curtain or screen, behind which the secretary would
The term las a classical origin.
sit,
his
employer
220
ERH
TZtJ
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
DIALOGUE
1.
Come
here,
2.
Here,
sir
somebody!
what did you want,
4.
Who are you

My name is LAI-FU.
5.
What
3.
is
7.
What do you do
8.
10.
it.
and
came
to
do
is
here
brother's work.
pray
How came
25.
most
the same.
he to go away without
7.
8.
He was wanted
19.
What
brother,
sir,
not more than four
far
at
li
'.
the
in the Eastern Division too.
it's
28.
home on very
at
meanwhile you can go
he
is
31.
Ah
him
tell
come back
directly
>.
here by to-night.
LAI-SHUN himself
if
Oh, here
is
to
come
You can
here.
33.
You have no further orders for me, sir?

None whatever; you go.
Here,
LAI-SHUN
have made a sad mistake,

will
forgive me.
hope you
34. I
do
g-
His mother was very ill.

If BO, why should you and he have
changed places
brother
my
30.
32.
particular business
Must
29. It will
particular business.
my
home.
6.
may, servants
your house far from this ?

I should not call it very far.
What do you mean by not very
27. Well, in the
14. He thought he oughtn't to trouble

about
leave, sir, when you were unwell.
you
1
5. Why couldn't he wait till I was well
again
it
be back soon.
will
26. It's
Yes
that as
all
Don't be hard on
he
24.
after
13.
be
23. Is
What, the LAI-SHUN who looks
asking leave
sir.
22.
1 2.
it,
your work might not be
for fear
leave.
my elder
because father desired
should never leave the house without asking
Who is your elder brother

My brother's name is LAI-SHUN.
the library
came
21. Well,
CHANG.
My
9.
sir
done,
your surname
surname
He went
20.
'.
6.
III.
8.
fa><
21.
23-
3.
chia*
22.
34-
sir,
but
iW
1
shu 4
4. <H,s.
My name: hgiao ti, the little one servants so style themselves to their masters in a court, prisoners
and witnesses do the same. Differently used farther on, in Part V, Lesson LXXXVII.
8. Obs.
Elder brother ko-ko borrowed from the Manchu language. Notice t'i first as the preposition instead
;
'
if,
and then as the verb to replace, or

13.
Obs.
Ask
to
do instead
of.
leave: chin, to rest, to take a holiday;
not to be confounded with chia,
false.
Kao
ehia, to give
notice of leave.
14.
Obs.
He
19.
Obs.
If so: since it is che-mo cho, thus.
21. Obs.
din] matter]
22.
Obs.
23. Obs.
27. Obs.
28. Obs.
34.
oneself
Obi.
Be
oughtn't: pupien,
all
it
was not expedient, convenient,
that: wu,*, a negative imperative particle;
do not speak.
Don't be hard
Far from:
lit.,
befitting, that he should.
of other matters, before [I speak of this mosl
Colloquially, wu'.
:
jao, to forbear, to pardon, to excuse.
See Part III, Exercise
XXXII,
8,
Obs.
i .
from;
li,
your house from this far or near?
In the meanwhile hsien, before your brother comes.
Directly: chiu, now.
to separate; hence,
is
Forgive
me: k'nau
hence, to show mercy.
*/<.
,s'A/'.
to
properly, to forbear doing to others what <>m> dries not wish done
PART
THE TEN DIALOGUES.
IV.
It was a mistake indeed; why did

out
without saying a word to me ?
you go
You
were not well, sir, and they were
36.
go out and see, sir ?

No,
5
you needn't go. Shut (let down)
the window.
50. Shall I
35.
pressing
37.
money
me
for the
Who
they,
The
and what was
table for
p;iid for
where
there's
the
someone coming rushing into the house.
it.
want you
shop in the Western Divi-
39. Isn't that
to stand
sir
sir
outside the walls.
near which gate?

much about the town
41. Outside the walls!
know
42. I don't
outside the walls,
thrashing or your losses
sir.
perhaps
46.
47.
don't quite un-
What is it you don't understand, sir ?

You have got to speak the truth,
62.
mind.
49. Halloo
who
a noise in the court

48.
54-
y\ian*
49.
Venture
Court:
06s.
57.
56.
Pressing:
48. 06s.
49.
56.
54-
52.
36. Obs.
to
do with
it, sir,
yes,
him
indeed
that
is
the
man
before.
?
63.
Your fare from the Northern Division
64.
Northern Division
to
'.
an
tot
jjfc
belong
inn at Foal's Bridge.
65. Dear, dear! this really requires explanation take care what you say.
sir.
making such
is it that's
money.
do with your
What has he had to do with you

He hasn't paid me my fare.
61.
you a lie,
didn't notice
all this.
48. I shouldn't venture to tell
to
Ah
60.
derstand in
my
I've
your servant has, at any rate.

59. Which servant? what, LAI-SHUN here,
ting Gate.
I
you please
you have nothing
If
58.
But you know whether the shop was

north or south of this, don't you ?
44. Oh! I remember; it's outside the An-
sir.
if
And what have
57.
43.
45. There's something
friend,
Oh,
justice,
been thrashed and I've lost
56.
No,
my
What do you mean
55.
40.
'
53. Why, you are a waggoner, are you not?

what do you mean by rushing in in this way ?
54. Oh, sir
my humble service to you
bought the
shop,
to be
the
other
wanted
you
day
sir,
Dear me! what can the matter be
52.
38.
sion
1.
money.
were
221
57.
they were impatient
lit.,
in the
^ sMn
J&
jpf
i/
ho'
matter of (yd} from
chii.
64.
jf(i)
65.
fg
hai'
65.
f^
htiantf
me wanting money.
lean, to dare.
an enclosure surrounded by walls; the open spaces between the buildings
//"</;/.
in
.1
Cliinrsc
house are so called.

06$.
52.
tn burst a
54.
a kotow.
56.
way
06s.
06s.
Obs.
3.
I.
57.
Obs.
man
Have been thrashed:
suffer, to
Justice:
2.
3
ai 1 , here an interjection indicative of surprise or regret.
Obs. 2.
Rushing in: rft'tianj ,
or beast.
In Peking, rh'uang*.
Oh, sir! ai, a mere exclamation. 06s. 2. Humble service: k'o, to knock, t'ou, the head; perform
Stand my friend lit., I pray you, sir, to (so chu, to play the master, to manage my business for me.
!
into; said of
i.
06s.
mandarin, to
Dear me
i.
lit.,
pray you,
To do with
64. 06s.
In northern
ngai; originally, to beat; more commonly, side by side with.
we should call a sign of the passive.
be the recipient of; hence, when with other verbs, what
sir, *In"i>,
</, with
Foal's Bridgr
<//.<,
hai,
an
M retch
your
out so as to straighten, yilan, my wrong.

money, etc., has with me, bo lean, what connexion or concern?
loss of
horse, an ass,
or
;i
mule, not
full
grown.
Ma-chii
Ch'i.-io
is
\illagi-
few
miles east of Peking.

65. Obi.
explicit
I.
Dear, dear
and minute explanation.
interjection.
06s. 2.
Explanation
lit.,
this hai,
still,
requires hxiaiiy /<',
222
You may
66.
word
ing
ERH
TZtJ
take
my
leg
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
off, sir, if I
say
67.
What
68.
The
84.
time did you start this morn-
any one of them.

85. What, a
LAI-SHUN ?
here
cart was put to at cock-crow.
69.
Had you one
70.
Had you no
pair
beast or two
we were
to
go quick.
passenger but LAI-SHUN
proposed to go so
fast
74.
he came to hire
and when
cart,
made
if
due
be the fare
settled
that
was
to
have
that
Including the extra charge for speed?

I never
take in anybody.
the fare
79. Oh
Not
fair
is
go about
so fast;
it's
to
tell
it.
me
the fare that's
my
business.
want
to clear
up
this
worth taking up your time, sir.

you trouble yourself about
you've got to do
What!
94. Well,
tell
enough
didn't
was
it
you
Bridge
96.
is
to
answer
my
you say just now
that.
CHANG LAI-SHUN
72. Obs.
97.
that
Obs.
Wei*,
for,
!>""'-
78. 06s.
79. 06s.
Came
in
His father
is
a market-gardener out-
Oh
then of course LAI-SHUN
little
is
when he was
an
quite
fellow playing about the streets.
79-
91.
hit
96.
yilan'
partner, an associate.
to
lit.,
he said
if I
made
haste he could add some cash.
"Jo (see Part III, 597).
to blows
chia, properly, a frame
88. 06s.
Oh
91. Obs.
To understand:
93. 06s.
All you have to do:
dear
here a Foal's
going quickly.
Companion: pan, a
Extra cliia, to add
Take
to
man ?
74- Jfl chin'
70. Obs.
what do you want me
old acquaintance of yours ?

98. I used to see him
ashed me.
72.
sir,
side the village.
all.
you had a thrashing ?

but it was not LAI-SHUN
82. Yes
74.
please pay
I'll
Don't
all
95. Is
about this you came to blows ?

80. We didn't come to blows at
tin
me and
dear
questions.
78. Yes, the extra fare included
81.
Oh
tell.
92. It's not
two.
77.
to
93.
was
headed by
people
business.
76. It
know
No, not thieves either.
91.
haste he would pay me something extra.

75. What did you and he agree should
don't
88.
90. Oh, sir
he said that
it
89. Well, but you have got

whether it be long or short.
LAI-SHUN hired the
of
lot
No, no; LAI-SHUN did not bring anyone.

They were thieves then ?
a long story to
There was a companion of his as well.

And which of the two was it that
73.
of people
87.
86.
72.
five
Who then?
A number
83.
that's not true.
to
ward
oft'
blows
with
ta,
to fight, with
anus or without.
ai yo, an interjection.
hsi, bright, clear; I

clrih,
only;
must fen
I
hsl, distinguish
one part from another, ming-pai,
clearly.
only require that when I ask you something you say that
something.
96.
lin.a yituii,
Ohx.
Gardener
yilan, a garden
his father keeps
Howt-r gunk'n, kuo nut yiian, an orchard.
(I'd.,
opens) a t/fai yiian, vegetable garden, as distinct from
PART
Was he
99.
THE TEN
IV.
honest as a boy, or the
re-
back
100. Sir,
hud rather not
don't want you specially to
fare
anybody.
But
ioj.
tales
know
of him, can't
02. Sir!
let
you can
me go
you
please
about
fell
and
me; where did the people

upon you ?
104.
They belonged
105.
How
to a tea-house
06.
<
well.
115.
Oh!
set
Not
far;
on the
1 1
outside the Sha-wo
just
And LAI-SHUN had some
108.
No, no tea
some
99. Obs.
my
whip
you
loo. 06s.
103.
Obs.
104. Obs.
was mended you
for you,
06.
x/(,,I
104.
06.
WO
fare
There
19.
is
me my
no
doesn't
and
fare,
difficulty
signify;
let
about the
".'/OK,
go
fare;
me
it
at once,
sir, if
and let me go home ?

Don't disturb yourself about
please,
but have you
10.
nothing to say to
114.
the
him
II 9 .
ip
t><
fH
slippery, evasive, dishonest, not to be
li,
me
out of LAI-SHUN'S wages for
it
a*
depended upon.
commonly
called liu
Tell tales: to tell people's tuan ch'u, short places, demerits; ch'aiig
upon
Could you give
20.
hence, metaphorical for a slippery customer,
Fell
eh
about what took place at the rea-shop
103.
Reverse: liu
Dialogue VII, 72)
and the tea-shop
it;
Oh! the beating
8.
121.
it
but the tea-
upon me.
shall stop
mended.
in. Well, and when

came back to the house ?
me
you.
him
was away getting
and some-
spirits
thing to eat besides.

109. Did you breakfast with
no. No;
tea there
that was
but please, sir, pay

about my business.
Jate.
107.
117. Well, so far as the beating you got

at the tea-house goes, I don't see that I can
do anything
from the city
and when
Yes, and not only
4.
house as
pay they
n >ad.
far
came back
wanted you to pay your passengers' bill ?

1 1 6.
That was it; and when I wouldn't
business.
my
103. Well, tell
come from who
fare
223
KS.
pay me my
Yes, I
2.
1 1
me any good you
tell
tales of
tell
!.<)(
got
found that they were off.
113. Off! having done you out of your
1
verse?
tell
Dl A
Liu
li
li ch'iu'-'rli,
ch'ii is
is, lit.,
"
glassware {aee
glass marble."
a man's -pecial merit.
to beat, with or without a weapon.
Tea-house: kuan, a term to be differently translated according to circumstances
>chool, an hotel,
the temporary residence of an official

travelling on duty, etc.
106. Obs.
Gate:
tfha-ieo,
Whip:
pien; mended, uliuan, as before, to
popularly pronounced ,s7<-/xi
///.,
dust, or sand, nest.
Wo
is
the nest nr
lair
>!'
bird or beast.
1
10.
06s.
12.
Ob*.
I.
When /.,
:
tie to,
or round.
come up
as before, to overtake, to
to.
Ob*. 2.
They were
off:
they had, before the
time so described, run away.

113.
Obs.
Done you out of: k'etig (see Part III, 796).

Not only: tan, only; not only the waggon
14.
Obs.
17.
06s.
So
119.
06.
Stop
another.
far as: ts'eng;
Also read she
it:
lit.,
che, properly,
(see
fare,
HIM, also,
etc.
a layer; hence, a stage in proceedings, an incident.

to
Part V, Lesson
snap off; here, as elsewhere, to deduct from one account in favour of
XXVII,
13)
TZU ERH CHI.
224
No, no; nothing whatever.
122.
pay
me my
fare, sir,
and
me
let
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
Please
go home.
int'ii
''h
UH9 l
1
|g to
123.
123.
123.
Right good: chuny, honest, loyal; hou, thick (morally, sound, liberal, the opposite of mean
2.
Put up with: tan 1 to bear on the shoulder, but read tow 4 when used materially; tan tai to behave towarilBut when rliimj, a strong disjunctive.
Obs. 3.
as one bearing their pu shih, faults, on one's own shoulder.
123. Obs.
(>l>*.
&
is
servants.
put up with your neighbour's wrongdoing in

tin's way; but when
you get back to your
I2 3-
any good, and that I

have nothing whatever to do with such
will
to
LAI-SIIUN'S father that
tell
neither of his sons
you are a right good fellow
123. Well,
you may
village,
i.
Any good
Obs. 4.
man.
Ob*.
ts'ai liao,
materials
lit.,
Nothing whatever: chaeh;
5.
neither of
lit.,
them
is
1.
LUNG-T'IEN
Sir!
Who
4.
His name
5.
Oh
6.
Yes, sir
7.
8.
9.
Many
1 1
Were
Pretty
connected.
sir
well,
No,
sir,
4.
I.
06s.
Come
7.
&
His father! what
He was
what
we
are
especially with a junior,
is
about
is
his father
in business once
at present
distantly
Do you know
6.
shall I
23.
If
shih'
remember the man
don't
line of business
22.
him.
Ittii"
It's
24.
was he
in
at
all:
'(
Surely
you remember the large
in
the
Western Division, sir ?
shop
Oh! Hsi Fr-m'txo; I do remember
his son,
His son,
is it
sir.
'
7-
yu"
23-
name of the person addressed, not the surname

omitted.
Were the surname expressed, it would precede
!
19.
21. I
can ask him
LUNG-T'IEN
me what
20.
draper's
but
to see
8.
he has no occupation.
3.
14.
Oh, you're connected

what he has come for ?
1
have no objection.
says he is come to see Your ExI
His father has sent him to pay his

respects, he says.
years ago.
you intimate
2.
is it
an old acquaintance.
was that
He
6.
cellency.
1
Where did you meet

We met at Shanghai.
When
Hsu.
is
man you know,

;
Do;
15.
that in the court
is
10.
IV.
3.
useful, or honest
to cut; positively, decidedly.
DIALOGUE
2.
makes a good,
of the material that
the
this,
the
in
name
familiar
intercourse,
as above in Dialnîir
III, 954.
Obs.
of two syllables.
5. 06s.
Hsu: a surname.
Know
There are in
all
China but some 540 single-syllabled surnames, with perhaps 30
6.
06s.
7.
06s.
shih, to know, to recognise.

Old acquaintances: ch'cn, old, of things long
Meet ya, to meet by accident.
18.
06s.
Respects:
21. 06s.
The man:
in use: also, stale (see
Part III, 1026).
sent to
rh'itig,
for ch'ing
wm,
to
beg to be allowed to inquire after your im, health,
comfort.
q.d., this
man
is
one
so,
whom,
do not remember; the addition of the
so
is
emphasise the affirmation.

23. Obs.
Hsu FU-CH'ING:
ch'ing, prosperity, congratulations
upon prosperity;
here, part of a man's name.
held to
PART
Ask
25.
liim to stop
THE TEN DIALOG
IV.
in.
in.
Djn!
32.
Hsu,
34.
The son
hope he
of
am
sir.
Hsu FU-CH'IM;
Very
thank you,
sir
am sure, and
much trouble.
Oh,
39.
he sent
ch'i 1
32.
Ask him
O6s.
used of invitations to
Some
tea
33. Obs.
Your
service
37. Obs.
Thank you
38.
Good
i.
persons or things
trouble
should be well
satisfied if
he looked
Your Excellency.
understand
why he should
have.
Your Excellency has

;
But they are over now that he has
from business.
49. Yes,
sir,
he /<*
retired,
but that was
37-
t'o<
38.
38.
tien'
40.
ch'i, to
:
smoke,
4549-
hence, to offer
to, to
invite to benefit by.
Very commonly
etc.
pour boiling water on
chien, cheap, lowly
the same as
lao"
tea.
like pi (see Dialogue
for the
I, 2),
pronoun of the
tirst
person.
Part III, 992), to be beholden to, fu, the prosperity, of the person
t'o,
which
Heaven
rewards
goodness,
by making him prosper, has a beneficial influence on the speaker.
q.d.,
Obs.
48.
my
Jang, properly, to concede to
eat, to drink, to
06s.
addressed
t'o (see
of him: chiao, to cause, as elsewhere, puts the verb in the passive; tien, to be anxious about
not recognised by the dictionaries.
Lao
lao, trouble, to trouble.
2.-1 am
Obs.
sure
ehao
xhili,
in
chia, to trouble the chariot, politely for to trouble
very truth.
you
it
is
Obs.
3.
Take
also frequently
used in the sense of " thank you."

40. Obs.
remember: mo, a word not used separately from hw; the combination implying dimness of sight
The character nu> is not recognised by the native dictionaries, and is probably a corruption
or the same phonetic with the 72nd or rogth Radical.
If I
or sense; dimly remember.

of mo, to
feel,
42. Obs.
Much
the same
rh'ai' (see Part III, 1005), or

45.
Obs.
i.
tz'fi
As hearty:
represent this hitter sound.
ch'a 1 ,
(see
wu
k'o
properly,
Part
06s.
2.
diverging
Well
for
not
Ch'apu
III, 577).
ying, hard;
[would be a thing that though] one asked
satisfied
it,
lit., if
my
2
,
confounded with the same character read
tall.
much, nearly the same
There
is,
father could be like
one could not obtain
to be
differing not
to,
lang*, properly lang
Not help nai, properly, a certain fruit, but

nai ho both mean that the case is without any remedy
49. 06s.
because he could not help himself.

25.
32.
years, for
had
but my poor father
has had his domestic financial anxieties.
simple duty.
25.
him by two
beat
he has not gone through what
retired
was no more than
agi-
sir.
sixty-nine,
a public man
47.
great cares no doubt
very good of you to take
it
sir,
44.
is
As
Your Excellency's health.

was very good of him to think of
He
Then
46. Well, I don't
to inquire after
38. It
43.
45. I
the same
as hearty as
;
much
is
seventy-one.
'.
not
well,
am
sir?
Hsu,
Age! why, he
42.
is well.
37.
me,
service,
your
is
Hsu FU-CH'ING is my father.

I used to know him
years ago
35.
so
at
33.
36.
me
Your name
teal
pretty good, thank
is
you, considering his age.
as
Some
41. His eyesight
31
now
better
'.
if
eyes,
27.
hope Your Excellency is well.
28. Take a seat
take a seat
29. When Your Excellency is seated.
take a seat
Here,
30 Take a seat
I
somebody
Your father used to suffer from his

I remember
rightly; are they am
40.
His Excellency begs you will walk
26.
225
'Ks.
it
strictly speaking,
Your Excellency
is
no character
tn
that hearty, thai
too good a thing to be got.
as used in this phrase, untranslatable.
there
as.
no help
for
Wu
nai ho and
it.
29
_>26
P;RH CHI.
T/fr
Oh, indeed
50.
was unfortunate
lie
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
in
61.
business?
52.
Nut exactly, sir.

No thm was lie robbed
53.
Far worse,
51.
were
?
54.
make
loss
off
56.
58.
How many
59.
Four
60.
But not
home
52
06s.
Obs.
Ob*. 2.
06s.
ch'ieh 4
No ?
:
i.
"'" 4
54-
i^
55-
^?a
quite a
is
young
thing,
and always
57-
ping'
59.
59-
IJTJ
ching
60.
62.
| yang
chieh
JJ
ttmci
negative imperative
62.
^
^ /'
^
suffer
from
wei 4
mnnf
63.
shuang*
64.
tîa
64.
4
63. ffi cfem
ma pu,
if it
when
were not
hence, sign of the passive)
what does she
69. My mother died while she was a baby

the breast, and she never throve afterwards.
56.
pei, to cover (hence, to suffer
followed
was
it
by
a negative, never.
not then that he was robbed
ch'ieh, to steal, to pilfer.
Worse wu, to hate k'o wu, deserving hate, detestable, abominable. Obs. 2. Made
when trying to extricate oneself from bonds cMng ch'ien, to make money by exertion.
;
ehing, to
Make
06s.
TOO, generally,
effort, as
54.
at
Ching, a strong disjunctive; then, but then, only, nothing but;

I.
Robbed
53.
make an
is
Ah
68.
53- ffi ching*
52.
51.
six.
is
ailing.
53-
52.
two children,
a large family to keep, indeed;

another lady unmarried ?
She
67.
are there of you ?

sons and three daughters.
51.
52.
and there
them
all at
That
66.
has told on your father's health, has it ?

57. Naturally, sir; he has a large family
to give
killed in
widows are come home
their
and the other with
Absconded; how abominable! and the
to oftiVers
husbands were
again
a friend he went security for
No,
daughters
them were married
65. Yes, sir; one with her
55.
and nothing
of
And
64.
it ?
sir,
Two
sir.
father's
that last campaign in the West.
someone who owed him money
with
your
thought
married ?
of the army, but their
money he had made.

Dear me! I'm sorry to hear that; how
it? did
all
63.
he was cheated out
sir;
of almost all the
was
Every one at home,
62. I
recognised character,
with
did the ch'ien chu, debtor, peng, flick it, the money, away? Peng, which is not a
used of the action of a bowstring, or of a piece of wood so set as to propel anything, upon the
oft'
is
missile propelled.
55.
Obs.
Security: pao, to secure, to ensure, in any sense.
56.
"6s.
Health: ching, properly, minute, subtle; ching, the

ching shSn, animal spirits, health.
external manifestation
57.
Obs.
59.
man
lit,
he has not
li
wherewith
liang, resources
to,
yang huo,
to
keep them alive
All
61. 06s.
i.
63. Obs.
i.
ko ho-'rh, every individual.

Daughters: ku-niang, a spinster. Obs. 2. Married: chia, of the woman married, to leave home.
06. 2. Killed: cMn, a rank, the ranks
Married: those they were given to were military officers.
:
wang, to die
cMn wang,
died in battle
were killed the
last
was a ch'u ping, going forth to war.

thuang widowed (in Peking, shuang*} fu, a
time that in the West,
lit.,
on the western
n>ad (beyond the frontier) there
Willows
64. 06s.
ailing: ai, to love
67. Obs.
69. Obs.
it-.
or beast.
62. 06s.
within one, as distinguished from shea.
Daughters: chieh, elder sisters of the speaker mei, his younger sisters.
But not wei, not, not yet wei pi, it does not necessarily follow.
06s.
60. 06s.
of a force
to give
Nothing
Hang, to feed, to rear,
spirit
r.
Always
While:
wanted, was deficient
in,
ta,
milk.
hence, at the time when.
proceeding from;
06s.
3.
wife.
Fii-jen is used of
any woman.
here and often, in the sense of "to be used to."
Throve
06s.
tsu chuang, sufficiently vigorous.
2.
At
the breast: eh'iieh na
THK TEN DIALOGUES.
i'ART IV.
This
70.
vm
is
family,
79.
the
for
your brothers arc doing something

I
Oh, Your Excellency, I should be inexpressibly grateful if you would take so much
but you and
sad, really;
interest in me.
suppose.
7i.I should be very glad
do anything,
to
80.
73.
to
74.
Well, but what
alluded to
about
visit to-day,
your eldest brother
is
and quite
a cripple
is
unfit for
this
76. Well,
a terrible case
is
father gave
and
business,
up
for their schooling
short of
1
lace,
my
jo.
suppose the long and the
Obs.
no
is
to find
what
can do
for
you
am
84.
Good-bye, then, for the present.
85.
Good-bye
to
Your Excellency.
you a
70.
73-
$)/''"'''
lien*
75.
Very sad:
i.
iH
75- j$
used simply as to pity.

06s.
But: lit., I,
71. "6s.
there
me
see
days.
they have been very
that you want
it is
eh
I'll
greatly indebted to yoii for the

preference you are showing me, sir; I will
wait on Your Excellency again in a few
imperfectly educated.
78. Well,
you had nor
be so good as to call again about ten days

hence.
he couldn't
as
sir,
have presumed
if
it.
83. I
vour younger brothers ?

77 They were quite children when
shouldn't
Indeed,
and
it ?
mention the subject,
82. Well,
He
anything.
1.
that was the real object of your
wasn't
75.
pay
And
can get nothing to do.

Are you the eldest son ?
The eldest but one, sir.
but unfortunately
72.
227
76. Jj; ching
'''"'
77-
jfS
(s(l *'
77.
j-ji P''"'~
79-
79-
Wi^""'
79.
to compassionate; k'o lien, that rightly
lien,
For Hang,
2.
ts'an'
ch'iieh, for
;ill
may
Part III, 772.

that may be argued to the contrary,
chin*
be, deserves to be, pitied;
but
it
is
see
am
very willing; k'o hsi, lamentably,
tao-lu, road.
Eldest son chang 3 fang; lit., the chamber first in order.

The sons, while children, are all in one
72. O6s.
apartment; as each one marries, he has a room to himself; the eldest will be first married.
Eldest but one: p'ai, to arrange in order.
P'ai erh, I stand second among the sons; a daughter might
73. O6s.
:
si\
it
of her place
cruel)
among
her
sisters.
Cf. also hang,
Part III, Exercise
Cripple: f.s'are chi, dreadfully ailing in the legs and

chi, ailments in general.
75.
Obs.
76. Obs.
Terrible case:
i.
scenery, features of a landscape.
10.
Ts'an, to destroy, to seriously injure (hence,
ching, circumstance; the latter word, alone, being
kuang
06s.
XXVIII,
feet.
2.
K'o,
is
may
properly,
more
properly be said to be, lino
pu
strictly applicable to
te,
infinite, sc., in its
badness.
77.
Obs.
Gave up: shou, here
i.
in the sense of to
pack up, as a huckster his wares. 06s. 2. Pay for schooling:

round the roots; could not take care of them [so as to
tsai p'ei, properly, of trees; tsai, to plant; p'ei, to pile earth
06s. 3.
enable them] to read.
Imperfectly
cannot either be considered deep.
79. Obs.
move the
to exhaust,
words
8 1. O6s.
83.
to help
i.
Interest:
heart, or to
Obs.
lit.,
their learning [though they have some] hai, or han, for all that,
t'eng ai, to tenderly love.
have the heart moved
chi, the
06s.
2.
Grateful:
kan chi; the character kan meaning
outbursting of the heart moved.
06s.
3.
Inexpressibly
t<>
chin,
will hardly exhaust.
Allude to:
Preference:
on anyone
t'i,
t'i
properly, to pick
pa; the
first
up (see Dialogue II, 36).

word as in 81 the second means,
;
in preference to others (see Dialogue II, 36).
to
draw one out of a bundle.
T'i pu,
228
TZ(J
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
DIALOGUE
1.
LUNG-T'IEN
you
ain,
2.
him
tell
Poor
when Hsu YUNG
calls
misinformed on that point.
be
he'll
sadly disappointed; what has he done to offend Your
his
5.
Oh, yes; he's
And
8.
that broke
Hsu
HsO Fu-
fail
but not as he
fail
then
20.
folly
man
21.
himself has been dead
and who maintains
years!
He
did smoke, certainly

fond of his glass too.
little
at Shanghai,
those sons and daughters of his ?

13. His daughters all died before him,
and he never had any son but
He
24.
to
20.
1.
Obs.
2.
Obs.
Hsu YUNG
ch'a'
yung, eternal; here the
Disappointed: pai hsi hiuin,
I.
Offend:
Obs. 2.
5.
J
for exportation.
produce, tea or silk

Van
k'tuing-
te
tsui, to get
'
name
lit.,
blame of you; before
of the
nah*
man surnamed Hsu.
to rejoice in vain;
ta-je,n
his son
what was he doing there ?

had been commissioned
What
25.
and he was
Now, when you met
'~
ten
said he
buy produce
this impostor.
9.
or
23. Exactly.
Dead some
nine
They used to say he was a very proud

never heard anything else against him.
Wasn't he very much given to
22.
first
years.
12.
all
In the
so.
smoking opium
sort.
that
Now, when old Hsu kept

shop, what was his character ?
Just
the draper's
Nothing of the
Oh, more than
8.
19.
nothing else.
he has an immense family to
Still
Hsu FU-CH'ING
place,
some
But you have seen nothing of them
years.
said.
was his own extravagance and
him
as he said
support.
11.
I did.
6.
17.
FU-CH'ING'S son.
didn't his father
He did fail
How did he
9. It
10.
marriage
for four or five years
6.
been making
Didn't you say that

you were connected with these people by
'II'ING?
7.
in the least; I've
very careful inquiries.
whole story was a tissue
of falsehoods from beginning to end.

4. Why, isn't he the son of
Not
15.
Excellency
3. Offend
think Your Excellency must be
14. Sir, I
I've left town.
fellow!
V.
understand
the literary equivalent

yil (see
Part III, 343),
is
in
xhih
/(./
(tfc gj).
the sense of ''from"
or "of."
3.
Obs.
9. Obs.
Beginning to end
t'ung sh(n, entire body.
Extravagance: p'ao, to
let
go suddenly of what
is
held
in
the
hand; p'ao
fei, to
spend without
restraint.
15.
(net
Obs.
20. Obs.
21.
1
Careful inquiries: kao ch'a, the latter character being identical in the colloquial language with
//'
Part III, 522).
Obs.
Proud
k'tiang, of unbridled temper or passions

Smoking: yen, smoke of any kind. CJi'ih yen,
:
-ed of opium-smoking, at least in conversation with foreigners.

22.
Obs.
Fond
k'ttang ao, ungovernably proud, contemptuous.

to eat
Opium
of his glass: fan, to covet, to desire immoderately.
24. 06s.
Produce
25. Obs.
Tea
t'u hito,
merchandise of the place or country.
yeh, a leaf; ch'a yeh, tea leaves, tea in the market.
smoke, to smoke; nowadays more particularly

is
often particularised as la i/m.
PART
26.
Tea and
27.
And where were
THE TEN DIALOGUES.
IV.
Oh, he used to frequent a divan, did

Like father, like son.
and medicines.
silk
39.
they to have been
lie
carried?
40. Well,
or south.
forget whether he said north
28. I
And
29.
did he say nothing about pur-
chasing imports
He may
30.
possibly have done so, but
32. Yes,
Only purchased it for others, eh?

And what was the difficulty he got into about
it?
were
now you mention it, I

had some little difficulty
yes;
that he
recollect
in the
Oh
34.
yes.
The
drug was
price of the
rising every day, but there was plenty of

to be bought.
35.
What
36.
Not exactly
it
And had
was stowed away
in
No
Hsu YUNG used
to
frequent was in the back of a small house

a narrow street.
up
38.
the divan
hu*
26.
26.
26.
26. 06s.
Hu
Silk:
i.
for a
He
did he succeed at last?
shipped
in
it
thought firewood all came to Shangwhere could it be going to from the
wei*
47.
And
48.
Yes
the tide
upon
ts'ai*
32.
generically of the finer silk.
away
46. Probably to some place in the neighbourhood. The junk, you may be sure, had
more opium than firewood on board.
premises
it
port?
be smoked on foreign
to
it
he had purchased
45. I
hai
publicly
after
a boat freighted
with firewood, and smuggled it out of port.
it
the receiving ships or in warehouses.

37.
And how
43.
44.
suppose.
and
the trade
against
prohibitions
in force,
long time.
There wasn't as much as he wanted
market,
The
still
what he wanted, he couldn't get
aliout his opium.

33.
after
41.
42.
Nothing about opium
31.
he didn't smoke so much
all.
remember.
ilnn't
229
so he got into a scrape

his
junk was dropping down
when a revenue
cruiser
pounced
her.
36. j|f
tun 3
36. jjgg <''"r/
36. ijl clian
Hu-chou Fu, in the province of Che-chiang ( !hekiang), but used

Medicines: yao, drug; ts'ai, materials; the latter word used particularly "t
ss&, properly, silk of
06s.
2.
<
timber.
27.
Obs.
Carried
29.
06s.
Imports
31.
(that
is,
06.
as
possibly have: ch'iao

chance.
May
30. 06s.
752), casually,
convey (see Part III, 1035).

yang huo, foreign commodities (see Dialogue
yiin, to
by
I.
it is
Nothing about:
lit.,
lai,
lit.,
I,
12).
coming by chance; ch'iao
is
short for p'eng ch'iao (see Part III,
did he not mention that he was pan, managing, engaged in, an operation of
06s. 2.
Opium yang yao, foreign drag, drag from the seas hence,
very commonly used, buying).
Abroad.
Some
little
wei, minute hsieh wei i tien, a very common diminutive.
Publicly: kung jan; the latter word as in Part III, 561.
36. 06s. I.
Receiving ships: tun rh'-uan; the first character meaning to buy wholesale.
than fang. Obs. 3. Stored: ts'ang, to conceal, to put out of sight.
32. Obs.
35.
44. Obs.
48.
06s.
Obs.
Smuggled
Pounced:
it
out
t.'on,
to M<>;tl
ch'oit leng-tzfi,
t'ou-cho, stealthily,
went out
2.
Warehouses:
of port.
an expression indicating unlooked-for occurrences
clapped the paw, or plaw, upon, and held or stopped the boat.
occurrence unlocked for, but ch'ou, to draw, is scarcely explicable.
06s.
The word Ung,
cold,
may
on
;i
sudden
<///'
refer to the shock
<if
any
KRH
TXf
230
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
And put the cargo under seal

but the tidewaiters threatened
50. No
search her if Hsu YUNG didn't behave
But he didn't get away immediately,
62.
49.
that was the best of
it.
to
liberally.
for the
51.
How much
52.
They named no sum; they only
he must be
did they ask
money ?
64. No; but
'.
said
And what
54.
Well, like a
did he offer
fool,
he offered a hundred
That was pretty liberal; didn't the

Custom House people think so ?
55.
it
a boat loaded with

unless he paid
much
too liberal for
59.
Then how
60.
He gave them an
got it to pay.
did he manage
were
wus
49-
He was
it.
6 1.
!?'
Under
49. Obs.
it
very late at night
about nine o'clock.
Commissioner and his people

suppose
The Commissioner,
at his
rooms
'.
in the city
should think.
but his people
singing and keeping
it
up on board.
71. But his people had no concern with
a Customs question ?
in
66.
65.
J?|l
tin-
66.
cltnillii/'
seal: feng, properly, to stop
Was
late
were laughing and
fchu?
64. jjj
52.
all asleep, I
70.
?
house in Shanghai.
wonder they took

to get away at all.
luck
great
Not very
69. Still, the
order on a foreign
61. I
68.
whole cargo.
did he pay three hundred taels?
58.
67. Capital
three hundred taels they
And
He hadn't
negotiation
himself and the other for his suite.
wi mid seize the

57.
this
No, not cruisers two boats belonging

Imperial Commissioner Liu one for
66.
to the
and they said that
fuel,
down
all
that were lying at anchor.

65. What, two other cruisers
taels.
They thought
while
had been going on the Customs boat and the

junk had been dropping down the tide side
by side, and they ran foul of two other boats
liberal.
53.
56.
What, did the Customs people repent

had got the order
63.
of their bargain after they
up an
orifice; here, to close
by pasting
certain utlirial papers over
door, hatch, etc.
:t
50.
Tidewaiter
06s.
there
is
another term for the tidewaiters in the employ of the Foreign Customs.
Handsome: feng, abounding, plenteous;
52. Obs.
tiling ftng, in an abounding manner, in the most abounding
manner.
60. 06s.
etc.
Obs.
c/t'ten,
2.
An
i.
On
order:
a house
lit.,
ken,
he wrote ko
tzti-'rh,
commonly, following,
a [paper of] characters; applicable to any note, memorandum,

presence of here, of or from of the foreign house ch'H
in the
to take the money.
61. 06s.
Get away
62. 06s.
But he
hu, the tiger
didn't, etc.
lit.,
that he got out of the tiger's
mouth was
but there was more [to come]
his p'ien
i,
this wasn't yet to
advantage.
be considered entirely
(so)
getting out of the tiger's mouth.

64. 06s.
Part III, 786)

65. 06..
Ran
i.
;
foul: ehuang, to run
there, a
bay
Cruisers
up against;
collision of persons or things.
Obs.
2.
At anchor: wan
(str
but here and often, to be at anchor.
shao, properly, to whistle, or to
make
the like sound
hence, to
make
it
as a signal
hsiiu
nlmn ch'uan, circulating signal-making vessels.

66. 06s.
i.
Not
cruisers: kuan, here short for hai
sioner: eh'in, imperial; ch'ai, envoy.
06s.
3.
kuan, Maritime Customs establishment.

Liu, a surname.
Obt.
?.
Commis-
PART
True
72.
ii)i
but
when
THE TEN DIA i.ot: r i;s.
IV.
his boat ran
bump
when
it
it all
Compensation for what

For the fright, and
damage done
74.
to
wonder Hsu YUNG didn't show
They were
76.
too
many
for
7-
Ming*
Obs.
2.
74-
Obs.
76.
Ob,.
science
to
Frightened
:
tan, the hver,
was
te
they were satisfied
80.
Oh
yes;
76.
tan 3
76.
'hsii,'
to
78.
80.
also terror.
seriously.
the few, could not

the opposite of
ti,
stand before, as equal
6arly> S
bef re
^'^
**
seeingTnd knowing
06,. 2 -Guilty
ehnng, the many.
the Chinese the liver is the seat of
^ ^ ^' ^
me tlme
* "
to,
With
shih, true, sound, solid.
K*?'
''"*"
And
word indicating surprise, but

injure sun huai, to injure
Damage sun, to
i.-Too many kua,
-lÎ^
H fci
thing, a
79.
overhaul his junk.
76.
Compare our term white-livered.

Hl
ha Uled ff:
'mirage.
him, and,
76.
74-
But how did
might have.
they would have taken

were
much too far gone to
anything; they
fight.
he had a guilty conscience.
besides,
well he
the Commissioner's
people ten taels only.
the Imperial Commissioner's

boats, and anything else you please.
75- I
end
78. The Customs boat had hauled off,

but his experience in her case had
taught him
not to be too liberal this time, so he offend
they came down on him for compensation.

73.
As
77.
frightened them, and then,

had
recovered
from their alarm,
they
against them,
231
t0 > t0
withdmw
"
'
k ai> to
out of the
way.
added a piece f <***

had a
DIALOGUE
1.
lie tell
Well.to return to his fabrications.
you whom he was buying opium
2.
3.
He didn't tell you it was for
4.
5.
father's
Did
for
was a bad speculation
6.
It
7.
In one sense,
yes;
the
'.
\vas
opium
shipped for Tientsin.
forget.
I don't
VI.
remember,
his father
really.
It ivas for his

father,
this
What, and seized there
9.
It
never arrived
very
10.
transaction.
And
had invested
ctmng'
"
the junk
it
was on
board of was taken

by pirates off the Shantung coast.
however, and his
bankruptcy was due to
8.
?
g.
old
in
Hsu
lost all
the moix-y
* '""
b. .....
,,r
,
properly, goods
I,,.
it ?
here,
money
capital.
232
1 1
ti>
ERH
TZfT
Yes,
and not only
But
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
Quite large enough to be divided

and the cruiser's people not only kept more
than their share, but fought about what they
button
that, but his
19.
boot.
12.
know
that he had any
He had purchased
a grade the year
didn't
rank.
kept.
13.
was
that he
Precisely; and once the authorities

got wind of it, the whole operation was traced
to its source, and old Hst; had to pay the
not alleged
is
it
with the pirates,
relations
in
But how could
heaviest fine that could be inflicted, and was
surely?
stripped of his rank as well.
The piracy did not
15.
affect
but the
it,
22. Well,
smuggling did.
1 6.
What, did the smuggling come to the
desire to
his father's disgrace quiet.
23. Certainly
Do you
suppose large sums are ever

extorted without the knowledge of the autho17.
keep
Hsu YUNC'S
one can't wonder at
he wasn't obliged to
publish such a thing; but that is no reason
why he should come here with a long invention
knowledge of the authorities?
then one told on the rest
21.
Purchased a grade
the piracy affect his rank ?
14.
rities
And
20.
before.
not,
about his father being the victim of misplaced
Three hundred
8.
confidence.
was not so very
taels
large a sum.
21.
14.
id.
I'll
21.
j|
Button: ting tai;
Obs.
11.
That was too bad,
24.
In
/a*
is
'
23-
y'u
23-
cha*
that which
lit.,
admit.
borne on the crown of the head; but
it
means, generally, the
insignia of office.
Rank kung ming, elliptically, for the credit one has gained, the name one
whether obtained by merit or purchase.
12. 06s.
for official rank,
Obt.
14.
affect
she,
i.
But: jan
erh, often
properly, to ford
Ian
pronounced ja" 'rh; the case being jan, thus,
>/<i",
to
be affected by prejudicially
erh, yet,
Obs.
15.
/iwo,
Divided
06s.
19.
Could
am
she,
Part III, 830
(see
Smuggling tsow ssti the ss-S, is applied to any act unauthorised by law ; a Chinese here understands
it, and treats tsou, to go, as an active verb.
Compare our phrase to run goods.
Authorities
Obs.
16.
2.
goods, after
Obs.
Obs. 3.
Not alleged nan tao
implicated in it; as a man fording a stream is wet by the water.
In relations t'ung, to penetrate here, to be in communication with, to be in league with.
Oli. 4.
:
commonly used
leaving;
the thing kan, strikes me,
q.d.,
is
ch'ang, an arena
with
kuan ch'ang chung,
in the official arena,
amongst the
authorities.
their t'ung shih, fellows in the business, ch-iin fen, in equal parts shared
fiini/
xhih
is
equally applicable to associates in a lawful undertaking, those one acts with.

21. Obs.
i.
Traced: chiu, to investigate; they carefully investigated [in such wise that there was] a wateiHeaviest ts'ung chung (see tt'wngfeng, Dialogue V, 52
Obs. 2.
descending-stone-appearing, a discovery of the truth.

06s.
3.
Fine
22. 06s.
fa, properly, to punish

I.
Father's disgrace
wholly, yen, to half-screen

23. Obs.
Invention
24.
and
false.
i.
die,
yen
Too bad
pien
yii,
but, colloquially, to fine.
tin lien, to lose, to
may be used
Publish: rhang yang; the
pien, to weave
06s.
literally,
first
tsao, to fabricate
06s.
throw away,
but
is
4.
Stripped
face.
06s.
2.
M (Radical
To keep
177);
quiet
lit.,
to skin.
rhe, to screen
oftener figurative.
word meaning
to spread wide, the second, to raise high.
O6s.
2.
a story.
to overpass, to exceed, cha, falsehood
kuo
yii,
to exceed in, hsil eha,
what
is
empty
THK TEN
I'AHT IV.
25.
I
half mistrusted liim at the time, and
him
resolved to ask Li YuNG-CH'fiNG about
knew
And
satisfactory, I
suppose
at all. He knows Hsu YUNG very

was weak enough to recommend him
for a place once without examining him.
As what ?
As an office copyist
28.
29.
keep the place a month.

30. Why not ? was
at
all,
known
ill-conducted or
lie
rki?
27.
i.
06s.
i.
yet,
with
you know of his
all
help pitying people that have
when
better days,
39. Pity him as

don't ask me to get
he could not write round hand
wonder how he contrives
06s.
that
them
I see
in ex-
tremity.
;
and
won't do
said.
31.
k'ao"
35.
fa-
poor
35-
mo
much
as you will; but

him employment, for t
it.
40. He'll be
to dress
as well as he does, with nothing to live on.
25.
And
38. I can't
they never could believe a word that he
25
must
dishonesty and extravagance, you seem inclined to take his part.
but he didn't
so he was of no use as a copyist
32. 1
so
that
very good case.

37.
incompetent
3 1 Both
the other day
thought he came in a cart.

No, he rode here; on a stout mule
36.
in
In
The coat he had on
35. I
Not
27.
well
KS.
must have cost something; and

mule he was on.
him was not
account of
his
!.<)(
33.
that he used to be very intimate with
26.
'
was no great things, 1 am sure.

34. Great things or not, it was a coat
father.
ID'S
1)1
on the
36-
36.
37-
Intimate: show ho; ho, short for ho p'ing.
Obs.
streets before long.
fellow.
iff;
ft
38.
38- ffc hsii'
Resolved: ta-cho.
2.
ch-nany"
'"*'
Obs.
hsiang*
3.
To ask
ta t'iny,
to inquire.
26.
suppose
to kai, in all probability.
Recommend:
27. Obs.
06s.
2.
Account
shuo, not here to blame, but to talk
chii, to
to raise;
29. 06s.
III,
Exercise
30.
06s.
31.
06s.
write; the
Office copyist
XXXVIII,
so,
i,
Ill-conducted
Not
i.
t'iehhsieh;
to write
memoranda
same
hsing
rJiih,
that are
t'ieh,
in heart yuan, soft,
appended, to the document.
See Part
character.
moving and being stationary
= conduct
under
all
conditions), not good.
write round hand at all:
lit., as to ch'iai shu, round hand, so, it was what, he could noi
sometimes regarded by a Chinese, however, as intensive or emphasising, not as
Believe k'ao, to lean against, to rely upon kao pu chu, not to be relied on.
as before observed,
a relative pronoun.
lit.,
Obs., for another form of the
of.
of, a person.
consented not
to guarantee the goodness
pao
recommend,
That man formerly besought him kei chao, for him to seek, something he being
having examined him, chin, yet proceeded, to recommend him.
chii, classically,
06s. 2.
32. 06s.
Wonder:
33. 06s.
No
35. 06s.
is
that
lit.,
great things
man
strange; being without money, how
is
is it
that what he wears
is
so respectable.
also not anything.
1
thought: kn mo, from ku
(in
Peking,
fat 3 ), to
estimate, as
number
or value; mo, to feel with the
fingers.
06s.
Good
case
37. 06s.
Take
his part
36.
38. 06s.
i.
Dialogue IV, 70)

40. 06s.
eye
is
i.
beholding.
piao chuang, sleek and stout

:
piao not used except of beasts.
hu, to protect.
Better days: having formerly hsiang, enjoyed, fu, happiness.

hsii means the same as lien.
Poor fellow:
Olx.
3.
On
k'o-hsi-liao-'rh-ti,
the streets
he
one deserving of pity. 06s.

about to, want rice.
06s.
2.
2.
Pitying: Hen, to pity
Pitying:
(.*>
yen k'an-cho, while the
will, or is
30
234
TZtJ
41
I'll
ERH
CHI.
when he comes to want a meal

him; but recommend him for any
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
Well,
it
give
He was
to be here the
day
after to-
morrow.
him what
Then
44.
That you
be back
tell
I told
you.
have nothing to say to
will
No
And
;
that I
if
am
he asks when you are likely to
cutter
come
49. Let
for his
Let
55.
You
was only joking
54. I
hear his voice
it's
in
the block-
money.
him come
the end of
at
the
month.
56.
The man has been here twice
57.
So he
long I shall
is
inclined to
Then you may just put him off

way you can, for see him I won't.
53.
the best
gone out of town.
can't say you don't know how

be away.
48. But if he should be calling every day
to find out ?
47.
less
still
52. If I don't mistake, I
him, sir?
46.
am
in the yard.
43.
45.
which
enter with him.
place I will not.

42.
No, no; that will involve explana-
51.
tions into
him
call as often as
he
likes,
he
already,
sir.
him
so he
and
has,
must be
promised to pay
paid.
not to be admitted.
50.
Wouldn't
be better to
it
plainly that he mustn't count on

lency's support
tell
58.
him
Your Excel-
I'll
pay him,
sir
don't trouble your-
self.
49.
M-
hsii,
50.
&i chuan 3
50.
52-
Pf
heng<
53-
$1
*' tti
53-
i.
meal: tun, originally, to bow the head a time or turn; hence, one time of eating. 06s. 2.
pao, to guarantee (see above, 27, pao chu).
Was to be here: according to what was that day agreed to, you yo, engaged, him to come the day
42. 06s.
after to-morrow.
41.
Obs.
Recommend
43.
06s.
49.
O6.
50.
Obs.
What I told you ch'i hsien, at the beginning.

He is not to be hsii, to permit I do not permit him to come
l.
Better: pu ju, nothing so good as; interrogatively, would
:
Ubs. 3.
'hih, from chien, concise, summary, and chih, straight.
on anything, do you chiian, turning round, commission someone
in.
it
Mustn't count
else
not be best?
Obs.
2.
Plainly: chien
you are to suan, speculating

ehuan, as here, constantly used as a disjunctive ;
:
lit., if
so far from commissioning you, chuan, on the contrary, commission someone else.
06s. 4.
Your Excellency's
support it is of no use i k'ao, to lean against Your Excellency ; i and k'ao are nearly identical in meaning.
No, no: note the force of ch'io as above. 06s. 2. Explanations: lit., it will be necessary to tel)
51. Obs. i.
</.d.,
him minutely and plainly
hua, words stating the so ijan, wherefore thus; the reason why.
what? also, an ejaculation or grunt.
Put him off t'ui te'jt, to push or put forward excuses the latter word meaning originally language.
53. 06s. i.
Kao tz'u, to make one's excuses, is to take leave. As a verb, tz'ti, means to decline also, to dismiss from one's employ.
Obs. 2.
See him I won't: chiieh, positively, decidedly; a strong affirmative.
52.
06s.
so i
jan
ti
If I don't mistake: heng, here, an interrogative word, ah?

:
54. 06s.
223)
Block-cutter: k'o 1 , to engrave; not to be confounded with the same character read k'o* (see Part III,
chmng, a type-cutter.
Obs.
Promised: ying hsii; both words
k'o-tzu
57.
in the sense of
responding favourably to what
is
proposed, promising
to perform.
58.
Obs.
settlement of a
I'll pay him: lit, I

number of accounts.
for you, sir, will fc'at fa, distributingly issue; k'ai
fa
in strictness
applying to the
AKT
THE TEN DIALOGUES.
IV.
DIALOGUE
Was
1.
the door
VII.
at
22.
No,
23.
How
so
24.
No
it's all
was
It
3.
Where
4.
5.
am
Who
6.
I.
are
you from
from outside the
you looking for

person named MENG.
Well, that's
8.
Oh you
Yes,
my
name.
are Mr.
MENG ?
am MENG
them
to bring
bought no drawings.
it was not
you who
that
27.
What
28.
Oh,
for
me?
your house.
could anyone have meant by
buying drawings for
what do you want
bring them to
why
Someone bought them
me ?
you needn't ask what
sir,
his
motive was.
was sent from the Kuang Wen Chai.

not the Kuang Wen Chai a book-
but who was
1 1
Is
them
12.
Yes, a bookseller's.
in the T'ang-tzu
13.
What book
15.
is
it
you were
told
to
have not brought any book.

What, isn't that a book you have
I
your hand
6.
29. Well,
for
30.
14.
in
No
me
Do you know
it's
a book cover, not a book.
32.
33.
Not he
34.
38.
20.
21
Drawings
few drawings.
!
i.
06s.
Obs.
state it?
;
you
will
you're
Quizzing! I shouldn't think of sucli
to the
wrong
39.
But why not speak,
10.
jfc meiig*
Knocking: lit., willing, sc., someone to come out.

MfiNO a family name ; the surname of the philosopher known
:
37-
if
you have got
Jl
hsi<
to us as Mencius.
Wen
Chai: chai, properly, a swallow's nest; a pavilion in which to repose; elegantly used of
rcrtain shops (see below, Part V, Lesson LXXX, 2).
Book cover: t'ao (see Part III, 769); here, the cover of pasteboard and cloth in which Chinese volumes
16. Obs.
10.
O6s.
Kuang
are wrapped.
see Part III, 797 ; t'ang, properly, a hall ; t'ang-tzft, may also mean a
30. Obs.
T'ang-tzfl Hu-t'ung
bathing
establishment, but is specially the name of the chapel in which the Emperor sacrifices to his ancestors.
36. 06s.
Presently : hui lai, in a turn of time ; not, when you return.
37. O6s.
Quizzing hsi, to play, dramatically or otherwise ; this is skua hsi, joking language ; I pu i, will not
:
submit to
39.
it (see
Part III, 913).
Obs,
Serious: cheng ching,
the opposite of shua hsi, fun.
'.
mentioning him.
stand this
won't
it
a thing.
you've come
suspect.
6.
anything serious to say

6.
for
you have, why don't you
Come,
lives
was he, was
why mention him
have a reason
what has
got inside
then
it
You're in a great hurry, sir

understand more about it presently.
37.
bought
CHANG who
Hu-t'ung
do know him; and
No, it was not he.
quizzing me.
it
that
36.
If it isn't,
Mr.
31. I
you have no books, why bring an

empty book cover ?
8. The book cover is not
empty.
19.
it
35. If
17. If
house,
I've
26.
10.
know
25. Well, then,
me ?
bring
was
bought them.
city.
are
7.
seller's
right; I
here.
2.
9.
of
you who were knocking
it
235
lit.,
upright and straight; often used as
we
vulgarly use the word regular; here,
236
ERH
TZtT
40. It's a long story to

41. Well,
if
be off with you
me,
I'll
go
in;
all
no time
I've
know Mr. CHANG,
say you
45. Yes, I told
you so
46.
Do you know
47.
Not
well
48. Well,
his
my
He
He
64.
nephew,
him
sir
65.
these
When
52.
Return
doubt
Indeed
I've seen
him
in
has a separate establishment, at
what makes you
it ?
71.
office ?
me
What, all that way from the Board's

that would never do what made you
;
think he lived in the Chinese town

I
72.
was not
you that he bought
for
How
73.
Then what have you brought them

am not going to buy them, I can
me
here for? I
The
58.
59.
Well, I
he has paid for them.

do not understand one word
;
these contradictions.
46. Obs.
chili?
Nephew:
76.
it
72.
65.
rltih,
was his
cart
How
75.
no
could that be? he was here with
last night.
74.
assure you.
Buy them
met
his cart yesterday at sunset in
the Liu-li Ch'ang.
them.
46.
thought he lived in the Chinese
70. I
Peking ever
Never mind; what did he send
56. It
all
was
but he wasn't in
it.
did you know, then, that the cart
An
old
woman
was Mr. MING'S
liif
his,
in the cart said that
cart.
3
72.
Jfg ch'ang
76. |j| p'o-'
the son of a brother, not of a sister.
All day: rhin-cho, completely, utterly.

Your son: see shao, Part III, 815; his junior worship.
62. 06s. i.
the Department of the Population=of the Census.
61. Obs.
06s.
2.
Board ef Revenue:
Hu Pn
lit.,
live with you

tan chu, to live alone, apart from parents or brothers.
Separate establishment: pan, to remove from one place to another; not used of small tilings; specially
uged of a change of residence
he at this time has in singleness removed [his establishment] out, ne., of his fathers
64.
town.
last.
the drawings for
of
your son employed in the Board
To be sure he does
69.
since last year.
57.
here
Hsiang, on the north side of the way.

68. Lives in Chiao Min Hsiang ?
recollect his going to Kiangsi the
year before
55.
me
keep
53. I
54
has he been absent
Wasn't he away with some officer

I don't know
what year was it ?
don't
May I ask where his house is ?

He lives at the west end of Chiao Min
67.
did he
50.
5
present.
66.
drawings to be sent to you.

49. He ordered them
return
then
doesn't live with you, does he
once.
he that ordered
say a few
63. You do nothing but ask questions

son is under the Board of Revenue.
before.
I've seen
is
it
sir
me
Revenue?
of
to waste.
You
let
you
day.
62. Isn't
will if
words more.
61. Quick,
don't be in such a hurry
got something more to say.

43. Be quick about it then
44.
But you
60.
it
42. Stop, stop

I've
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
tell.
can't tell
you
CHI.
Does not
06s.
65. 06s.
house.
72. 06s.
76. 06s.
loo.
Obs. 2.
Liu-li Ch'ang: lit., glassware manufactory; the name of
Liu, glassware li, as in po-li; ch'ang, properly, a large booth.
p'o, any married woman.
Sunset: jih-t'ou
i.
the outer, or Chinese, city.
Old woman
a street
in
PART
An
77.
arras
woman
old
THE TEN DIALOGUES.
IV.
with a child in her
Exactly
a child some seven or eight
years old.
Dear me
79.
grandson
must have been
it
my
where could he have been going
didn't
Don't be alarmed,
80.
with a
What was
taken fright
No
82.
they had met
accident.
little
81
sir
pray
it,
state.
83.
Oh and
them
that the roads were
is
the cart had been upset
them
No, not that either; it and another

cart had run against each other.
and were they

at that hour ?
85. Well,
wasn't
that
might have had wasn't
still
said,
they
over.
my
Confound that other cart

know whose it was ?
'
88.
83.
Obs.
tsao
Run
85. 06s.
Still
against each other
discussing
out, thoroughly explained
88. 06s.
Sprained
93. Obs.
To
94. Obs.
Ping
pacify
is
lit.,
3&
I"'"!/'
did
the
him
ask
child
for
Oh and
!
son's
but
these drawings are for him

why didn't you take them to
house instead of bringing them here

Mr. CHANG'S nephew came to our
'.
we knew your house
and hen he
t
bring the drawings here

in a day or two.
98.
7
i
BE
^^
he'll
told us to
himself
call
100. Iff fu 3
ft-l
k'u 1
'
oo. J}R lang*
a time of day.
flight or other
movement backwards and
the cart had with
And
ii
tui-t'ou-'rh ch'e,
forward*.
an opposing
cart,
made
collision.
the collision having taken place, had they lao, in so long a time, not shuo k'ai,
it.
niu, to twist
94-
wan = such
Upset: fan; originally,
84. Obs.
it
na
late:
yn'
he had; he had just bought
shop this morning to find out where your son

We said we couldn't say, but that
lived, sir.
belonged to Mr. CHANG'S nephew.
into
No; your grandson cried, and he

Don't cry, and I'll send you something
100.
do you
93-
came
99.
89.
carts
to play with
So
when the
his
to play with."
discussing
any discussion
sir.
98.
Then the little boy was hurt ?

88. Not severely
he jumped out of the
cart, and in jumping out he sprained his leg.
79. 06s.
your grandson,
at our shop.
"
87.
90. It
for
buy them on purpose for the child.

95. And he had them with him in
97.
84.
86. It
93.
But why should he buy drawings, of
96. Yes,
the fact
bad
the collision
Are
collision
the
92.
hand, I suppose,
had the mule
and
things in the world, to pacify the child ?

94. He had bought the drawings; he
all
so late?
talked
nephew
drawings that ho has sent
78.
in a
CHANG'S
91. Mr.
here, twisted, or sprained, the leg.
ya, properly, to press
down, to suppress ching, fright.

also; moreover; when followed by a negative
a copulative particle meaning with
it
intniîli.
the negation.
98. 06s.
100.
O6s.
Oied: k'ti, to cry, as a human being.

Your son lang, properly, a male, a man
Obe. 2.
ling laiig, your son's, rhii rh'u, abiding place.
here in the translation to give the force of ling, honoured.
06s. 3.
Here: fu, properly, a
trea,-mry, a palace; politely, fu shang, your residence; the niinng also indicating the superiority of the )i- "-"ii
The word
nha. 4.
I.
sir is introduced
Himself: ck'in
tzii,
his
own
self.
ERH
238
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
DIALOGUE
1
Your
12.
sir.
servant,
do you do ? Who are you ?

have been sent by the Ying Shun
How
2.
3. I
show you the way to Peking,

When do you propose going, sir
4. I want to be off to-morrow.
to
Hong
it
5.
water, sir
6.
13.
Yes; there
the better
is
way
I should say
sir,
When you
5.
will
you
How
then.
9.
sir,
me
Dear
If
somewhere
river
and pushed
you ought
on,
is
to be at
bridge.
on the other side of
it.
is
you must inquire there

and when you are across
;
there one
the ferry,
There
suppose.
a ferry.
1
carts
Peking
by the following evening if you took your

time, you would be well able to reach it on
is
You mean
17.
to-morrow morning,
off
have heard that one has to cross
6.
in five or six
won't do to go by water,
about going by land ?
you were
that.
the second bridge, you will be in a road goingnorth-west, which is the high road to Peking.
it
are
for another bridge,
days.
8.
about
difficulty
be in a street where there
good deal going on
tracking the boat up stream, and if you were

to come in for a northerly wind, I don't think
you could fetch T'ung Chou
know the
Yes, I
no
the floating bridge to the east
14.
Which
is
you leave this city, sir
intend to go by land or by
about
to dispense with a guide, suptake one ?
Do you know
as
me enough
tell
me
to enable
sir.
by land the river will

be so high with the heavy rams we have had
these last few days that it will be hard work
7.
Then can you
posing I don't
'.
Do you
VIII.
There
8.
is
how do
a ferry! and
and horses manage ?

9. There is no trouble with them
the
they
can be ferried over.

20. Well,
the third day.

10.
1
1.
Do you know the land road well

Know it well ? I should think I
been travelling it back

these ten years and more.
I've
and forward
5.
chou 1
jH }
9.
han*
17.
^pai
17.
g|
for thirty
when you come
Tientsin,
jfc ying
j|L
for
what then
leave the ferry station,
keep along the high road
called P'u-k'ou
3.
did
after the ferry,
When you
21.
and
that
tv*
is
21.
to a
the
[g
odd
li
>.
you
from
market town
first stage.
tixi.ii'
21.
Ying Shun Hong ying, properly, bursting into flower hence, gallant, heroic shun, obedient, that
Ying shun might translate as the Prosperous; the hong, mercantile firm, whose sign is Prosperity.
the character employed to denote England, commonly called ying kuo.
3.
06s.
flows without check.
Ying
is
land
5.
06s.
By
7.
06s.
T'ung Chou
han, dry.
chou, one of the minor jurisdictions into which a
/,
prefecture,
is
ordinarily divided.
See hsien, Dialogue IX, 47.

9.
06s.
13.
06s.
15.
06s.
Were
off
lung she,n, to move the person specially, to start on a journey.
Floating bridge /era ch'iao or fit ch'iao.
Good deal going on: je, nao chidi-'rh, a bustling street.
:
pai-tu from pai, to shake, as the ferryman must the boat, and tu, to cross water.
Ferry station k'ou, the mouth on the sea-coast, a port here, specially, of the hollow in the banks
where they are touched by the ferry boat going and returning.
06s. 2.
P'u-k'ou p'u 3 a bend in the bank of M
06s. 3.
river; here ivml //V
Stage: tuan
properly, a piece, a section.
17.
06s.
21. 06s.
Feny
i.
'.
PART
22.
Wn
What,
first
Ho-si
stage
23.
No,
Ho-si
sir;
first
Wu
a long way on;
is
When
day's journey.
you have passed through P'u-k'ou, you come

next to Yang Ts'un, and after that to Nants'ai
These places are

towards nightfall.
from
over
each other.
li
something
thirty
And how much
24.
to
to
you supposed
all
have done when you get
about half way. You spend the

and you may be in Peking next
there,
night
25. It's
day.
26.
And where
27.
Some
inns, sir
Which
28.
is
in the temples.
sir
that's the
of
way
No
32.
cook
is
not even a kitchen.
kitchen! then where do the people
The people
33.
thing but maigre
Humph
cook no-
in the temples
may
they
one
Which
inn then.
will
not cook meat.
be best off in an
the best inn in Ho-si
is
Wu?
35.
There
is
Fu Hsing and
the
the
the inns more convenient
At the temples strangers are taken

in only now and then, and it is not certain,
in the first place, whether there is accommodation to be had in them or not then, if there
is a
large number of carters, the priests do
36.
And which
37.
It
me
will it suit
best to go
to?
it
must be
for
suits
best to stop at a south
to
you
decide,
you
end inn or an inn at the north end
sing there
to
it
and, besides,
no one
is
Ah
to
anything
make
responsible.
38.
What
does
it
whether
signify
at the inns north or the inns south
23.
06s.
23.
RI
29.
Jf
39.
No
great
stop
way
apart
Ho-si
Wu
is
not
a large place like our city here it is only a

market town, one long street with some shops
and
so forth on either side of
33.
35.
[hvn
g/-
it.
H hxnif
ko'
35.
cfciV
39.
the village of the family of Yang. 06s. 2.

Nan Ts'ai Ts'un: the southern village.
06s. 3.
From each other hsiang ke, or ko, mutually separated.
of the road
lit., speaking according to, with reference to, the length of the road.
Yang Ts'un:
i.
the family of Ts'ai.

Much
24. 06s.
lit.,
25.
Obs.
About
29.
Obs.
Now
beyond rule
y<M*g*
a great way apart
are they
then the innkeeper has to look

30.
if
things are lost at an inn, has he ?
the fare
at both.
mis-
is
2 3-
<>f
if
sir,
and accommodation are pretty much the same
it;
Shun
both of them large inns one stands at

the south end of the street, and the other at
Lai,
whether
myself.
not like
And
it.
another consideration, the inns can

in
to eat or drink
the temples there
the better, the inns or
are
the temples ?
29. I think
Yes,
the north.
does one pass the night?

of your countrymen stop at the
some
34.
of the road to Peking
Wu?
Ho-si
239
get you what you want
and you may then reach Ho-si
Ts'un,
Wu
are
there
the end of the
it's
the
isn't
THE TEN DIALOGUES.
IV.
half
way
and then
lit., it
ke,
may
be reckoned to be chwng chien, in the middle.

meanings comes to signify a bound or rule
or ko, from various other
ko wai,
in the temples' liu k'o, the keeping

strangers, is
an extraordinary thing, a thing not usual.

33. Obs.
Maigre su (see Part III, 707), but here used of food which is not meat him, properly, that which
lias a relish, but simply meat or fish when
opposed to su, maigre.
Fu Hsing fu, rich ; fu hsing, wealth and prosperity say, the sign of the Well-to-do. 06.<. 2.35. Obs. i.
Shun Lai the inn to which guests come shim, in an uninterrupted stream say, the Ever-going.
Fare ch'ih shih.
37. Obs.
;
39. 06s.
i.
Market town
importance than a district city.
chen, properly, to control;

06s.
2.
Some shops
amongst other meanings it has that of a town,

ti, and anything you like.
p'u-txb, shops, shen-mo
lrs<
in
240
TZfl
EKH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
Very well; then what difference is

there between the north end and the south ?
40.
There
41.
tlemen
no difference; but the genhave shown the road to have in
is
most instances put up at the inn nearest

hand after they had got into the town.
42.
You mean, put up
at the south
at
end
they were going from Tientsin, and at the

north coming from Peking, don't you ?
if
so, sir.
Exactly
43.
likely that I shall be
you have
have you, sir ?

I
have not.
46. No,
47. Well, if you have
best
tried our
fare,
at
it
me
with
not,
sir,
you had
but
if I
hardly tell, but you speak

and so you can have a talk with
them about that before you take your rooms
if
their charge
objecting to
for one's
51.
will
any fixed sum that one pays

?
lodging
We pay much
circumstances, but the
the same under any
man
in charge
probably make a foreign traveller pay a

more than we do.
52. Is the
of the inn
53.
man
is
too high, there's no
and
will
something
After leaving Ho-si
57.
still
you
ing,
odd
li
on,
in charge the proprietor
Wu
in
less.
in the
keep
you come
to
from Ma-t'ou, you come

walled town of Chang-chia Wan.
58. Isn't there
sir
No,
the town
to the old
a small stream somewhere
you reach Chang-chia
before
and at
and then.
An-p'ing,
more, to Ma-t'ou
li
morn-
north-west, and, at twenty
li
twenty
Wan
is
on the
river.
You will
part north of it, and part south.
go in at the south gate, up the main street.
across the river,
and out by the north
gate.
Outside the gate there is a forked road; the

road north takes you to T'ung Chou; the
which bears west, takes you to Peking.
other,
little
by,
60.
How
61.
That depends on the gate you go in

If you stop at an inn in the Chinese
sir.
far
is it
from that to Peking
you will go in by the Sha-wo Gate, and

that is some fifty li from Chang-chia Wan
city,
There
is
no
rule; in
some
cases the
proprietor takes charge himself, sometimes he

engages a man in charge to look after the
business for him.
you are going into the city by the East

Wicket, you must keep north two or three
if
//'
mi great distance
55-
41.
offering
harm
do very well. Now, to

to
next
get
Peking
day, which way am I to go
59.
charge you for your accommodation.

Is there
it
56. Yes, that will
don't feed
the inn, they won't like it, will they ?

49. It doesn't signify the inn people
50.
my
sir,
some twenty
have something that will carry got ready

and take it with you.
Take
asked to pay for
can
55.
Chinese,
at Tientsin,
48.
is it
'
Now, when I get to my inn.

best tell them to get ready for me ?
45. I don't suppose
Chinese
And how much
lodging
44. All right.
what had
understand.
54.
Nearest at hand
Obs.
chin chidt, once they entered the
farther.
1'"''
street.
With you: pu ju, there is nothing so good as that, N'M</, at, Tientsin [the place from which you
47. 06s.
are moving], you should tso, having prepared, a little good-to-carry victuals, lai-chn, carry them with you.
No harm pu fang, no hurt, no objection. 06s. 2. Objecting po, properly, to turn sharp round
55. 06s. i.
:
to contradict.
59.
O6.s-.
diverging road.
case is north.
60. O6.v.
i.
On
Ob.i.
From
the river:
3.
that
chfi-cho, bestriding the river tare.
liens west: p'ien, swerving from a right
chieli is
here used in the same sense as
ta,
oh*.
line,
2.
Forked road: two /.,
leaning
from.
oft'
lit.,
limbs, of
the perpendicular, which in this
PART
THE TEN DIALOGUES.
IV.
Which gate should one go in by to

the Foreign Legations
63. They are all inside the Ha-ta Gate,
73. Better hire
62.
-ci
to
Very good
64.
There
am
another question
is
go so
to
do with
to
ask, if
baggage have you,
sir
will
67.
To be sure they
am
baggage behind,
if
or a
sir,
mule
but
am
afraid
our saddles will not do for you.
are.
78. I've got
you would have
sir;
to
sible for
same
do
all that
that will do
all
the
the saddle might be put on one of

our horses, but I don't think he would stand
;
the chiao^-mao^-tzii.
go any pace.
Well, then, what do you recommend
70.
don't think
79. I
pay
to
you
English saddlery and
sort of thing with me.
a good deal for the hire of so many large

carts, and, not only that, it would be impos-
80.
What
is
the chiao-mao-tzti
(head-
piece)
you might hire a small

cart to carry your bedding and all that sort
of thing with you, and ship the rest of the
is the
gear on a horse's head for
bit
and
the
reins to.
What I am
attaching
afraid of is that as the horse is not used to
Uigguge by T'ung Chou.

72. In that case do
carrying the like he might
8 1. It
71. I think, sir,
with the baggage
take with
me
63. 06s.
hill.
Small cart
79. 06s.
yii,
chiao*
79.
f&an*
81.
name given
the
properly, to drive a chariot
ch'e
i.
Afraid
i.
Be put on
chili p'a, I
bite,
whether of man or beast
to.
Dim.
Tcuan'
the gate by the late dynasty
when
it is
tai, classically, a
prefixed to certain words, imperial.
joined.
ch'e,
:i
large or
only
fear.
06s.
2.
Saddles: an.
lit., our horses hai, after all, can pei, take on the back.
here, short for chiao-tzti,, a bit (see 81).
i.
Reins: ch'e, to draw; ch'e' shou, the bridle used by a rider. 06s. 2.
Restive: nao hsing-txil, to let his temper break out, to give way to temper.
81. O/>..
81.
with a top, as opposed to to ch'e, or ch'ang 3

ch'e, a passenger cart
hsiao ch'e, also a passenger cart hsiao ch'e-tzil, a wheel-barrow.
chiao
Dialogue VII, 72)
06s.
3.
77-
'
k'ung, the same in meaning as p'a, with which
Afraid
73. 06s.
(see
k'ung
Ha-ta Gate: properly, Hai Tai
i.
69. Obs.
77.
Imperial Canal Bridge
(tin. 2.
open cart
>
foreign horse.
''.
69. jgi
63.
be restive.
should say you would do better to buy
ride in the cart
63.
but
77. Yes,
you intend to be in Peking in two

afraid you must leave some of the
69. If
to
Ah
much
don't
68.
me
be heavy.
the roads are so heavy

can
fancy riding in a cart
hire a horse here ?
Those things lying outside the door.

What, are all those large cases yours
66.
and they
of water on the roads after the rain,
my
76.
How much
65.
days, I
>
baggage
too, sir
am
what
fast,
Will they be carts with one beast or
want to
75. If you want to get on, sir, you must

have two beasts
indeed, you might wel
have three, for there will be a good deal
understand perfectly.
another small cart to ride
you think so
two?
way would be
don't
74.
neighbourhood of the Imperial Canal
Bridge I should say the best

by the East Wicket.
in, sir
'(
in the
241
06*.
2.
Not used
Chiao: properly, to
kuan, avcustmiuii
31
242
ERH
T/tJ
But how am
B2.
here at Tientsin
to
buy a
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
foreign horse
86. It
83. There's a horse in
our hong that one
of the gentlemen wants to sell; he
is
a very
good horse, quiet and fast, and he has been

to Peking and back three or four times.
Good
go to the hong and have

a talk about it. And now, when these boxes
go up to T'ung Chou, whom can I hire to go
84.
I'll
with them to Peking
83. 06s.
chi,
it
do to hire me,
would do very
whether the house
well,
sir
but
will let
you go
they could spare you for
think
doubt
I
;
so
don't
many
days.
87.
They can spare me,
me
they send
sir
what did
here to-day for but to take
your orders ?
83.
with ; huo
Would
8 5-
&huo*
87.
87.
:
huo, originally, a number of persons or things ; thence, the same with, associated
associated with one in a place, sometimes as a partner, but more generally as a paid employe.
Gentlemen
i.
one
who
is
Quiet: lao-shih, honest; hence, simple; when applied to animals, inoffensive.

06s.
Let you go: jung*, the same character as that read yung in Part III, 963, but here meaning to allow.
to tolerate
I fear [the people] in your hong K pu k'ai, unable to separate from you, will not let you go.
Orders fen fu, to give orders to the combination is not well explained by the dictionaries. By
87. 06s.
06s.
2.
86.
some teachers the two words are
said to
mean no more than they would without
the Radical k'ou, namely, to
allot
to
different persons their several functions.
DIALOGUE
a teacher
1.
There's
[Servant.]
wishes to see you, sir.
2.
Ask him
[Master.]
to
walk
3.
The
4.
[Master, to the Teacher.]
teacher,
who
sir.
seat,
Thank
[Teacher.]
7.
8.
May ask your name,

My name is Su.
I
And your
sir
3.
He
did not specify whether it was for

sir
is it not for
yourself
me
is
me
to
7.
06s.
Su:
06s.
Sir: ko, properly, an
used in the text,

06s.
own,
sir.
:
he did not
do not want a teacher
mine has commissioned
sir
6.
Is
your friend a countryman of your
He
is
he has not been in China, long.
here, a surname.
upper story; ko-hsia in ancient times applied only to certain ministers; now.
su, properly, reviving
Specify
engage one for him.
15.
9.
<
myself, but a friend of
business with
yesterday.
3.
must have been CHANI;
14. It is not;
it
yourself or not,
heard that you wanted to engage a

a friend of mine mentioned it
teacher, sir
9.
12. Did he tell you that I was looking

out for a teacher for myself or for someone
you, sir; pray be
seated.
6.
Ah
else?
please.
5.
10.
xkeng who was speaking of it.

11. It was CHANG hsien-sheng.
in.
Take a
IX.
tell
me
hsiang
hsi, explicitly.
PART
17.
I
Then
8.
does not understand Chinese,
lio
suppose
1
THE TEN DIALOGUES.
IV.
He
does not speak a word of Chinese,

know a character.
nor does he
19.
How am
20.
You
read with him then
I to
But how am
21.
character
22.
Oh,
if
makes
so
countrymen,
will
teach him, surely
pupils
not find
We
become able
without learning
is
another
How
upon something.
still
old were
ask
may
we may hit
you when
18.
began
puts
those
Some
six or seven
And how
old were you when you

have them explained to you ?
I was twelve years of age.
38. Did you study the commentary, or

did you have the text explained to you orally
by your teacher ?
gj
chiang*
38.
Read with: chiao
kei; the kei being untranslatable in English
i.
we should
say that
it
the word sheng being construed
a.<
grammatically,
06s. 2.
Experience: loo slum, an old hand.
Pupils: men-sheng
to the men, gate or door, of the hsien-sheng, teacher.
lit.,
Without learning
backing recite
erh,
and yet
we do not
pei, short for pei-cho shu,
learn,
and yet we are
with one's back to the book,
29.
Ubs.
31.
Obs.
Twice repeated ch'ung* (see Part III, 336).

Five Canons: ching (see Part III, 885) here specially of the
36.
06s.
Explained
i.e.,
Obs.
able.
Obs.
2.
Learn by heart
without looking at
it.
chiang, properly, to
tell
five great classical
specially, to explain the
Commentary
chu, properly, to
make
books of China.
meaning of a character or a text
chiang, to begin explaining.

38.
who come
23. '>&*.
pei nien,
sir.
the dative case.
22. Obs.
man
36.
take you,
to
37.
han'
it
things Chinese.
Obs.
19.
t'a in
JS
years did
Chinese: han, the name of the dynasty which commenced about B.C. 200; now applied generally tn
dbs.
men and
S.
How many
36.
all
'<
Did you begin with the Three-characClassic and the Poem in a Thousand
Characters
they learn after these

Four Books, and, after
the
rule,
the Five Canons you were fourteen ?

35. Yes, in my fourteenth year.
26.
ter
they
years from the

beginning of the course to the end of it.
34. Ah then by the time you had learned
began at seven.
31.
As a
33.
your friend will put himself to
That of course not
25.
this,
characters.
And what do
Canons
the trouble of keeping to the same order of

proceeding as our Chinese boys.
you began
learned
them all, from the time you began

the Four Books until you knew the Five
and we acquire the written
it,
to read,
no character twice repeated, and
when they have
30.
32.
24.
in
is
to learn
speak Chinese
to
language by learning books off by heart when

we are very young but I don't think it
likely that
Classic
these, the Five Canons.
Teaching as we are taught
23.
the real advantage of
Three-character
know a thousand
to
impossible
those
it
acters has
he doesn't
among your own

it
begin with
The
therefore,
many
is
first studies.
easy for little children to commit it

to memory; the Poem in a Thousand Char-
a teacher of your experience,
sir,
what
my
all
sentences of three characters each, and this
who has had
affair.
to begin
books
29.
<
he begins to speak, we shall see

what can be done in the written language.
know a
28.
they were
their so doing
have to teach him to talk
will
Yes
The Chinese
little
When
first.
27.
a note of; thence, to annotate.
i'o
TZO ERH CHI.
244
39 At
teacher; but after
my
by
first,
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
listening to his explanations a year or so, I
began to read the commentary myself. Then

worked at prose and verse composition some
Shantung
lie
tary
Nothing of the kind, indeed; it was

I had to stand several examinations
all
luck.
for
my
for
seven or eight years after.

42. May I ask your age ?
and
licentiate's degree,
didn't get
it
degree
years,
for
What
some time
If
shih
41- fib
hsiu*
my
want
will
friend,
who wishes
to study official cor-
a pity that one can't see one's
to beginning the
morrow
By
as
all
you
means;
desire, sir
41. f$l hsing
41.
gj
shih 4
I'll
at
wait on you to-
what o'clock
we
say between three and four

then I take my leave.
55. Very good, sir
54. Shall
'.
42.
56.
Good-day.
57.
Good-day.
51. ffihsii*
Jgkeng*
46. ffejung*
47. j|
53.
hsien 4
JH
tsun 1
54.
forms of literature, literature which conforms to the rules of

not included in the term.
Obs. 2.
Graduated: chin hsio, to enter hsio, the colleges, or
Prose composition: wenchang;
shih, poetry, is
additional recommendation
'.
ehiao 3
'
chung
40.
omposition
In this respect
spoken language.
have a plan, but I am too busy
to-day to explain it; could you come and
see me to-morrow and talk it over with me
after that I acted as
did your friend hold
office
40. *f
i.
How an
50.
53.
39-
39. Obs.
49.
language.
private secretary to a friend.

46.
in
came home
respondence when he has learned the spoken
have been doing nothing to speak

took pupils at home for the first two
and
52. I
45. I
of;
and
Your having acted as a private secrean additional recommendation.
engage you,
way
am thirty.
And what has
been your occupation

in the six years since you took your licentiate's
to
is
51. It's
43. I
44.
last year,
48.
a first-rate man.
41.
magistrate of a district
he died
again.
two years or more, and then I graduated.

40. At sixteen that was early you must
He was
47.
lit.,
which the graduates who have taken the first degree are members.
Early: what, at sixteen, chung* (not to be confounded with the same character read chung ), you
obtained the degree of hsiu ts'ai, fine talent, your B.A. Obs. 2.
Chung* properly, to hit a mark hsiu, fair, elegant.
First-rate man: your t'ienfen, share of ability assigned you by Heaven, is kao, of high degree.
Obs. 3.
literary establishments, of
40.
06s.
i.
All luck: ehiao, amongst many meanings, has that of a byway; hsing, properly, fortunate; ehiao
41. Obs. i.
06s. 2.
Licentiate: hsiang shih, lit, village trial; an allusion to ancient
hsing, generally, of success beyond merit.
(Competitive examination in one's native district, but now technically signifying the examination for the second degree
held in the capital of the province.
42. Obs.
of one's age.
46. Obs.
your
Your age
What
Mng, one of the characters used
office
in the Chinese time cycle
Jung, properly, of vegetation, flourishing
colloquially, as here, the years
used as here, complimentarily
juny
ji'n.
somewhat
less
post.
47. Obs.
District
important than a chou
one of the minor jurisdictions into which a prefecture is divided

it is called a
chih-hsien, as in the chou, a chih-chou.
hsien,
51. Obs.
Correspondence wln-shu, generic of all official documents.

See one's way hsii, a skein of silk t'ou hsii, the clue to unravel a skein.
53. Obs.
As you
50.
Obs.
54. 06*.
you company.
obey your commands.

Three and four: shen, the ninth of the 12 two-hour periods into which the 24 hours are divided;
desire: tsun, to obey
I will just
it
shen ch'u, the first part of the period shen.

Take leave: shih (see Part III, 574), to lose, to deprive oneself of [the pleasure of] p'ei, bearing
extends from 3 to
55. Obs.
the magistrate governing
5 P.M.
PART
THE TEN D1ALOUUKS.
IV.
DIALOGUE
This morning a friend of mine sent
an invitation to dinner at a restaurant;
in
two minds about going, because
seems
to
me
am
that as I
any of your forms of
in
it
yourself
not very well up
3.
Chinese
were
absolute
if I
invitation.
Oh
who asks you
lao-yeh,
I see
its
invitations
for
instance,
CHANG
ta
character chun does not occur in
to dine at the Ch'ing
often go there myself.

They are very particular there about the cooking, and everything
If
simply, so
i.
chuang*
i.
is
the
P.M.
you
if
you go
CHANG
ta
which names four o'clock

at six
you won't be
late.
go too early, not only will the other
guests not have all assembled, but it may

chance even that your host has not arrived.
no establishment that
is
considered
noon
That depends on how the invitation is

3
worded; if the character chun (precisely)
The
occurs, one must go at the hour named.
lao-yeh's invitation,
palatable; there
be
when
4.
Hui T'ang; that's a capital restaurant; it is

roomy, and the apartments are very cool; I
is
cannot
to be in order.
your
bit.
have heard that the time stated on
hour given, one should go at about
Don't imagine that when I have told

what
the ordinary formalities are, you will
you
understand what to do. Let me have a look
at
up a
social etiquette, I
should raise a laugh at my expense

to omit any of the usual formalities.
2.
X.
comes up to it; you'd better go; you'll be

glad to have a chat with them all, and wake
1.
me
I
am
245
yu*
2.
ch'ou-
2.
ehiti'
3.
jfc
1. Obs. i.
Invitation t'ie-'rh, a slip of paper in the form of a memorandum anything extending over one sheet
not generally included in the term (see Part III, 1022). Cf. shuo t'-ie-'rh, a memorandum generally; ch'ing t'ie-'rh,
;in invitation.
Obs, 2.
Restaurant
chuang, lit., a large place of business, also a village, is only applied in this
connexion to a restaurant which does not supply lodging accommodation. Obs. 3. In two minds yu yii, or yu yi',
:
is
an elephant
both supposed to be suspicious animals, and hence typical of doubt or

indecision.
Obs. 4.
Etiquette ying ch'ou ti li chieh, lit., the items (chieh) of li, observances (ritual or ceremonial),
belonging to (ti) ying dt'ou, social requirements ying and ch'ou botli mean to return, as a compliment, though the
latter in certain combinations means also to recompense.
Ying ch'ou is applied only to the amenities of society we can
indecision
yu,
a monkey
lit.,
yii,
ying ch'ou ta, or to, his social duties are numerous, or he has a large circle of friends. 06*. 5. If fang
Obs. 6.
seldom used without jo in conversation.
Omit la (see Part III, 763). 06s. 7. Formalities, observances
kuo chieh ; chieh (short for li chieh, as above), the formalities, kuo, that pass.
say
t'a ti
t'ao-tzA, lit., common casing, suit, or set; t'ao, an envelope or casing (see Part
the phrase i t'ao i-shang, a suit of clothes, a numerative of some such word as ceremony, form,
See observations on the numeratives, Part III, 8.
etc., understood, of which it takes the place ; hence, the affix (zrt.
for ch'ing, see Dialogue IV, 23.
Obi. 2.
this might be rendered the Hall of Happy Meetings
Ch'ing Hui T'ang
2.
06s.
Ordinary formalities: su
i.
II, 769), is here, as in
much
explain and inquire; they give

the food should be cooked], and inform themselves [as to the manner in which these
lirections are carried out] ; chiu, to inquire into, to examine ; it will be found later in another combination.
Obs. 4.
Palatable: te, to obtain (=have), wei-'rh (pronounce w-Y/i. 4 ), a flavour; wei, taste, flavour, smell; we-'rh may be used
Obs.
Particular:
3.
chiang chiu,
in the dishes they prepare they very
lit.,
how
particular directions [as to
O6s. 5.
Glad to: lo te"* (emphasise te), lit., gladly obtain; it is slightly intensive, only
yourself up see Part III, 989.
Absolute ch'eng has here no special force, chun being the important word, and therefore emphasise'!.
wu k', one of the eight k'e, or divisions, in the shih ch'en, or hour period, ion (see Part III, 225),
indiscriminately of either.
too glad.
3.
Obs. 2.
which
06s. 6.
06s.
i.
Noon
lasts
Wake
from
1 1
A.M. to
precise, additional characters

in
P.M.
wu
the ch'u, or commencing half, of the
and may mean any quarter between 1 1 and i. To make it

ch'u (see Dialogue IX, 54) irh k'e, would be the second division
Wei is the next period to mi.
in other words, half-past 1 1.
k'e is indefinite,
would be required
-wit
thus,
period
wu
246
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
takes the invitation from you, will also
it
some depreciatory remark about himself, and

everybody will then sit down and take tea.
his hospitality,
me
seems to
that I ought to
When
the guests have arrived, you will be

invited to take your places, and dinner will be
send him an answer.
There
6.
is
no occasion; your retention
of the invitation
When
9.
go
shall
the invitation, sha'n't I
Yes
8.
you should, on
go,
have
The people
in
take have
your
in attendance at the door
When you
in.
you
without
to
me
in
bound
to protest,
to table, although
he
certain not to
is
much
he can
arrive
formality.
and made
host,
down
sit
his
to
have met
bow and
hit>
speech.]
The
your invitation."
host, as
10.
he
7.
|tj|
rhiao 3
Here you
[Host.]
are,
sir!
been remiss in not going to meet you

forgive me.
tit
3k. hu'
5.
when you come
[The guest is noiu supposed
am bothering you again

of
I am as ashamed
myself as I can be; 1
am not worthy of the terms you have applied
Here
been determined beforehand by
all
and when he does
should take the letter of invitation and present it to him with both hands, saying as
so,
invited to take the vacant
need not remind you that you should in

first
place salute him, after which you
you do
wanting,
When he
vacant seat
allow you to sit as you please.
is thus reserved for a guest who comes late,
see your host,
the
"
are
is
the
all
is
seats that the different guests shall
the host, so
your card, and, showing you the way

invite you to enter whatever room the
may be
host
The
seat.
will take
in, will
sometimes happens that
It
does turn up, he
arrival at the door of the
hand
table.
guests cannot come; and if only one

you do not keep on waiting for him.
up
When you
is this.
restaurant, tell your servant to

card.
to give
the custom
all
put on the
a proof of your positive
is
intention to go.
7.
make
is
another point upon which

\vant the benefit of your advice if I accept
There
$.
ERH
TZtJ
8.
8.
JjJ
pray
Uji clt'ien'
8.
i'
have
4* MO"
8.
5.
Accept
ling, here, to receive, to accept ; if I receive his ch'ing, politenesses (tokens of
Ling can also be applied to the drawing of pay, etc. it further means the neck ; hence, Ung-tzU,
friendly sentiment).
ci il la r.
Ubs. 2.
It seems to me hu is here a particle implying doubt
for ss-ii, see Part III, 1070.
See also Dialogue I, 2.
06s.
his hospitality
i.
6.
lay's
Proof
Obs.
p'ing, to lean
upon
(see
Part
III, 722)
chit, to
lay hold
of,
the something reliable that one
hold of; hence, proof, evidence.

7.
Cliiao, to deliver up, to surrender.
06s.
Custom
chil*, a carpenter's square

(see Part III, 581), lit., a pair of compasses, a rule, custom
the two are never used apart in the above sense,
libs. 2.
When you go ming-'rh
is often used indefinitely of some future date not
for Jang, to
Obs. 3.
Ti, to hand in or over to
very far remote.
Obs. 4.
Salute
Obs. 5.
Bothertso i, to make the Chinese bow with the hands folded.
invite, see Dialogue IV, 25.
8.
hence
06s.
also,
I.
kuei
a rule or custom
ing
jao, to bother, to give trouble to, to
incommode
for t'ao, see Part III,
05s. 7.
carry shame in my bosom ; see Part III, 718.
1
myself to be) the person you treat me as (see Part III, 342, tang )
k'uei,
lit.,
834 and 836.
Not worthy
lit.,
Ashamed
06s. 6.
pao
I dare not act as (represent
a
I cannot play the part you assign to me
very common depreciatory expression applicable to almost any compliment or civility. There ;u e of course many other
forms of saluting a host than the one here given.
06s. 8.
ch'ien, humble, modest
hsil, empty, in
Depreciatory
the sense of deficiency (see Dialogue V, 76).
06s. 9.
One note i pan wei this is
pure colloquialism. The pan
;
;i
must not be emphasised.

9.
Obs.
which sense
10.
it is
Obs.
jang, to invite in the present instance, in the sense of to yield, to give

frequently used.
Remiss, etc. shih ying, failed to meet you.
Formality
way
to others
in
PART
ii.
Not
[Guest]
and
utraid,
have
at
I'm
particular attention
gentlemen
they've only just
gentlemen won't get your chopsticks to work,
you
late,
waiting.
12.
arrived
1
3.
No, no;
[Host,]
get to dinner.
let's
am
so I
I'm guilty of great assump-
[Guest.]
247
the cooking of the

dishes, and they seem to me rather better
than those not made to order. I notice you
all;
all
kept
I'm
THE TEN DIALOGUES.
IV.
to
You might
obliged to help you.
taste them.
tion in taking this

place.
14.
15.
1
6.
It's
[Host.]
take wine
yours by
Pray
right.
19.
of you; we'll begin with a bumper.

[To host.] Your health.
all
[Host.]
down
20.
I won't help
Please begin.
intimates here, and each one
we can
you we're all

must help himself.
;
17.
if
we
it
No,
22.
not.
man
sent a
and
a day or two ago to the manager's office to

tell him to
beg them in the kitchen to pay
1
12.
<'!'
ffihti*
13-
chien 1
no longer
it's
home.
offer
17.
your
tsao*
8.
|j
17.
8.
$8. k'uai"
cart has come,
must be getting
your house to
thanks.
my
filching*
'7-
my
early, so I
I shall call
shortly at
'
17.
carry,
for
you
What are you talking about ?
[Guest]
say no more to-day, as
I'll
right.
am
to
as
ing powers.
We
[Host.]
much
as
There has been nothing fit

for you to eat to-day, and the wine is so bad
that you have not done justice to your drink-
There you are we've just agreed to

please.
dispense with formalities, and you are comshall have to return the
mencing them.
compliment to make
had
21. [Host.]
begin to press each other to eat, it will

look too formal; we'd much better go as we
8.
all
and more wine than we can
excellent dinner.
all
We've
[Guest.}
eat,
and are very much obliged

That's the best way;
[Guest.]
Don't put your chopsticks

you must all make a good meal.
[Host]
8.
ch'ang*
ch'ii
hsieli'
19.
11. Obs. i.
All you gentlemen: chu, all; for kmig, .tee Part III, 979.
06x.
you shou, to endure [the trouble of], teng, waiting.
12. Obs.
Get to dinner hsi, a repast or banquet; let's enter upon our repast.
2.
Kept yon waiting:
///..
13.
Kiiilty of
Obs.
Assumption
fhien, to usurp, to
assume what does not belong
to one: [in taking
this scat
am
indeed
much assumption.
14.
Obi.
16.
06s.
bumper: lit., let us all drain a cup.

Help you pit, to distribute (see Part III, 406).
I.
Look: hsien, manifest, apparent; hsien-cho, apparently
:
hence, to appear to be, to look as. Obs. 2.

Forma], conventional rhii, to grasp, to adhere to ni*, bigoted, opinionated rli ii ni, a grasping at what one con<
3
to be the proper
06s. 3.
Return the compliment rlini/, to honour, to show respect to.
thing; ni mud.
18. 06s. I.
06s. 2.
Kitchen: tsao, a furnace.
Manager's office: kml *////</; lit., in, or at, the counter.
17.
Obs.
clicking range, of a large establishment; shang, as above.
li'in'l.
3.
K^mi,
a ch.>|pstick
19.
06s.
properly written without the radical "mouth."

Make a good dinner cli'ih pao, eat till you are full, or satisfied.
20.
06s.
Excellent dinner
Vang,
what
Obs.
to taste:
so laid out,
22.
06s.
called
l-'imi.-tztt,
<
H>.
01
_|.
"ln'-mj,
superlative, excellent, fine, etc.
</.''.,
Offer
my
dinner.
thanks
t<>
I.
our slang word "spread."

21. 06s.
Not done justice, etc.: i-h'ii, lit., crooked, or bent awry;
capacity (see Part III, 776, Obs.); here, capacity for drink.
is
nKo
lay out, to arrange; hence,
'f.
tao, to say, to
also, a
give expression to, hsieh, thanks
or grievance, to do
wrong
//.</',/<
iliank you,
wp
sir.
248
KRH CHI.
TZf
J j. [Host.]
couldn't think of such a
Please yourself about

won't venture to detain you.
going.
thing.
I
24.
sit
me
in
you
23.
Ob*.
I.
no occasion
there's
me
SERIK.s.
for
our host either to see
out; now, please, return and see to your
other guests.
Good-bye, good-bye
to the door, pray;
is
beg;
Are you gentlemen going to

that case I must take my leave
don't
set-
stop where you are;

23.
rli'i
[Quest.]
a while
before
COLLOQUIAL
j=
Couldn't think of:
25. [Host.]
you into your
27. [Host.]
lit.,
how
25. |jg
could
Av
I'll set-
thanks,
revovr.
<-li-i'ii//
venture (to trouble you, or some such
how
The above
or what, but only used in certain set phrases.
used with as much frequency as pn kan tang (see above, 8, Obs. 7).
the interrogative particle
further
mam
Thanks,
26. [Quest.}
r/i.'/'
come no
I'll
cart.
is
phrase, nuclei-stood;
one of the commonest
06s. 2.
of polite phrases, and is
Detain feng
It is difficult to give the exact force of fcng in this phrase ; it means, properly, to raise the hands when presenting
anything (see Part III, 990) to do an act of homage or respect ; hence, the respect that such an act implies.
:
liu.
24.
06.
25. 06s.
Stop where you are
Get
into
liu pw,
lit.,
detain your footsteps
only used politely.
your cart: ch'eiig shang, to mount, as a horse or a chariot
not
used colloquially except
polite conversation.
26.
Obs.
Many
thanks
fc'o
/'OH
is a
i-cum
i-xpiv-:ic>n for thanks,
but not to an
interim-.
in
PART
V.
THE HUNDRED LESSONS.
32
250
ERH
TZt)
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
PART
V.

LESSON
1.
So
hear you are studying

That's right.
Manchu is with
[Senior.]
Manchu, eh
1
us Manchus the
sentials
with the relations existing between us,

7
try to back out ?
and foremost of
first
to
is
it
in
us,
es-
2
in his own part of the
language spoken
is to a Chinese; so it would never
country
do to be without a knowledge of Manchu,

would it ?
2.
To be sure not
[Junior.]
an additional reason
I've
it.
in
am
seeing
my way
but
I can't master
if
it.
have
5.
enough of it to pass for

shall have broken down
fear
pay
my
chou', properly, a river shoal
2.
Hip ffc hsiang fan, lit,
$?l
*tm
4-
HI
yi'i to
5-
JL
"a hsiung-t'ai,
6-
S 18
JO.
Ife
Jl
C,
you how.
Find
never forget your kindness, and

it
handsomely.
What are you talking about?
[Senior.]
are one of us, are you not?

would have been that you
;
but, since
My only
were not
you are
willing, I
be only too glad 10 to contribute to your

Talk of handsome return, indeed
success.
shall
respects to
/',
'
people as intimate as
you and
are should
never use such language to one another.

[Junior.] Well, sir, if that's the way
am sure I feel extremely obliged. I
it,
have only to make you my best bow, and I
2
,
tn'il
/j
4
,
shall say
an island
no more.
not used colloquially
here merely as a sound to represent
original territory of the present dynasty.
country chat: Van, to chat or talk with another.
explain, to interpret:
my
fan
yi, to translate
elder brother's worship; you,
to confer on
P al
Pu
ti->
or interpret;
fan
yi kuan, an official interpreter.
sir.
difficult.
a plea, an argument, an apology;
n* n 9 k n > P ower
dc
also,
of
to translate.
^ Ma * nan, monstrously
fz'fl.
Manchu, the name of the
*1-
9-
tell
can, to
6.
the second syllable of the word
j^
account; I will
anxious to learn
am come to-day,
as to put yourself to a little trouble
I shall
You
So
to ask, then,
take an interest
will so far
shall not fail to repay
for the last
What's your difficulty ? pray

3. [Senior.]
have
got to say. If it's anything
say what you
that I can do for you, do you suppose that,
8-
my
Sir,
however.
7.
on
you
have
I shall
time,
you
compose a few phrases
8
for me to study, and if I
manage to succeed
at all, I shall regard it entirely as your work."
you, and, in the next, to ask a favour of you.

I
find it not so easy 6 to open the subject,
jjtyj
me
now begun Manchu,
I've
in the first place, to
1.
in
as far as ever from
still
a translatorship, 3 * I
at both ends of the line.
sir,
that
if
for wishing to acquire
been studying Chinese
ten years, but I
and
this
is
What
[Junior.]
4.
what the
short,
I.
also, to resign
t'wi
te'fl,
to put forward excuses.
sufficing.
an
may
inferior.
it
be that
too good to get, or too good to be caught.
pa
is
probably used for
pa
(see
Part III, 86)
q.d.,
not to be laid hands on,
PART
THE HUNDRED
V.
LESSON
1.
Well, I hear that you have

Manchu that you are begin-
[Senior.]
made such way

ning to speak
2.
in
that
quite correctly.
Nonsense
[Junior.]
I
like other people,
3.
it,
it
but
even string 2 half
I can't
make
a speaker
from considering myself one,

of ever learning to speak.
^ HI
mere want of
all
Whenever you meet
to
If you follow
quite naturally to your mouth.
this rule, in a year or two at the farthest you
will
speak
9
myself
mould
is
memory, and talkthe habit of speaking comes
incessantly, until
quite despair
kuei mo', compasses mould, a
commit phrases
day,
Indeed, so far
say to
This
Listen to me.
i.
have not got
him at once, and talk away with him.

You must 8 go and take lessons of competent
7
professors of the language as well, you know
and if you have any friends who are good
Manchu scholars, you should be for ever
talking with them. Read some Manchu every
that 1 dare not go on without hesitating 3

now, so long as this continues to be the case,
studying
at
used
my
a man, 6 no matter who, that can talk Manchu,
without being the least able to say

become so alarmed about mistakes
I to
all
[Senior.]
practice.
to begin,
how am
with
proficient.
understand
a dozen sentences together.

Then there is
another odd thing I do whenever I am going
I
if'
farther than this, I shall certainly never be a
when
hear
spoken, but it will
be some time yet before I can speak it myself.
It is not only that I can't go right through
with a piece of conversation of any length
why,
II.
it
certainly,
251
LESSONS.
despair
it
without an
effort
so
now
don't
any more.
or form on which anything should be fashioned
only figuratively
colloquially, mu?-tzii, a mould.

2
if^c
and what
is
'T*
JL d^ch P u
below
3.
^j
fjfj
4-
pf
PJf
ffc
Jt'o
become connected
shang, do not
chieh, specially of
shang, an auxiliary verb, to a certain extent in
}&
chien-chien-chueh-chiieh-ti,
chiao,
[the causes
connexion between what
is
above
affinity with chieh.
summarily and decidedly.

above] properly
specified
make me how speaking;
that
is,
not
speaking,
unable to speak.
5.
fc
hui', ashes
6-
iB.
/L tan fan whether
7-
here verbally used
'
SB fj
shih'-fu
fu, originally, to aid
by
4
,
my
heart
is
made
ashes, it despairs.
singly or universally, all whatsoever.
any master of a
craft
shih,
among
other meanings, means a
model, hence a teacher
counsels.
8.
|H
yao, here imperative.
9-
ch'ou?, to grieve
[after
what
have said] yu,
still,
do you lament what
inability
TZU ERH CHI.
252
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
1.
Why, when did you

Manchu you know,
[Senior.]
time to learn
find
the
all
Your pronunciation
is
6.
longer at
it,
good, and you speak
Then he
is
does talk well
he
in the language
intelligible,' fluent,
7.
and
Nay,
[Senior.]
resolved and the thing
trouble
my
young
friend,
is
done
"
?
What he
knows he knows only because he has learnt

7
it
has not come to him by intuition.
it;
And
please.
How
have
should
think you are making a slight mistake. Don't

"
Be
you remember what the proverb says,
3
Then, besides this, he
quite proficient.
has such a stock of words and phrases. Now,
that is what one may call a good scholar, if
[Senior.]
come up with him.
to
enough
is
3.
much
hand.
out of his
thoroughly at
is
speaks without a particle of Chinese accent
you
been
memory steadily ever since he

committing
without
began,
stopping; the book is never
com-
are too
[Junior.] Oh, sir, you

1
plimentary.
My Manchu does not amount
to a great deal.
There's a friend of mine who
he
he has
and knows a great deal more.

5
he has been
very studious
to
2.
home
Oh,
[Junior.]
sir
quite intelligibly.
really
III.
does he compare with
are
not at
we
all
any way otherwise constituted?

Well, then, no matter how exact
in
may be, all we have

make up our minds and apply
the language; and if we don't
or practised a speaker he
you?
4.
[Junior.]
Me
should never venture
compare myself with him; I am as far

from being his match as the heavens are from
to
i.
3.
4'
vacuum
What
[Senior.]
3
chiang
#jc
to praise
Hn $& ch'ing-ch'u
$ji
4
,
the reason of that
I,
ch'eng,
reach the point he has attained, we

shall not be very far behind him, I suspect. 8
quite
||}j
6.
Jg
p'o',
a strong intensive
ching, after
all,
in
by
;
the recipient
it is soft
8.
PJJ
lick*,
IjsJ.
worthy elder brother's too great
space, the division caused
ko, a partition,
any contingency
to
hsiang, I suspect.
shou
by space
something that divides
only used with certain adjectives
him who has
a final particle expressing certainty.
ti ao
my
hence, to practise
happen what may, completed.

7.
of,
praise.
applied also to transaction of business, settlement of accounts, etc.
originally, to boil silk until
which the heavens are hung
5.
am
distinct, clear
îtara 2 hf, separated

Rf!
in
lien
is
to
is
ourselves to
the earth.
5.
do
to
See Part III, 749.
lien, proficient.
hsiian is properly to hang,
off
q.d.,
the
ko k'ai, to separate, to keep apart.
hao*, to be fond
chih, resolution,
an
of.
affair
will
be]
[he commences
PART
V.
LESSON
1.
The
comes into
world has to do
and the great object
to study,
is
of his reading
is
IV.
not only bring discredit
4. Such men
and disrepute on themselves, but they make
man who
chief thing that every

this
253
10
people execrate
the
the parents that could have
understanding of the rights of things (tao-li).
had such
Such an understanding once arrived at, a man

will do his duty 2 by his parents while he is at
n
Now, my young friend, just reflect
a moment and tell me whether the obligation
home
5.
he must do his best for the State when
he enters the public service; and he will be

certain to succeed 3 in whatever he undertakes.
2.
Once you have
knowledge you ought
spected wherever you go. I don't mean only

4
by other people you have yourself a sense
of your own title to be respected.
There
a class
is
be well
to
Well, then, the least a child
his family illustrious,
he cannot
If
and bring glory u
by great achievements, that can't
to his line
who do not
of persons
and who take no pains

6
conducted, relying exclusively on
read,
1S
behave himself.
to
is
good-
in the very
be helped; but, on the other hand, what can

be more utterly good-for-nothing 15 than so to
conduct oneself as to bring down curses on
3.
him can ever be repaid
can do
make
to his parents 12 for their
under
is
smallest degree
are re-
you
man
ness to
the
acquired
really
to have,
children.
one's father
their attain-
6.
and mother ?
careful consideration of the subject,
no man
ments, as they regard them, in the arts of
then, satisfies us, does
8
For my part, I
intrigue and adulation.
what
their
minds
can be
comprehend
can with propriety neglect the study of books

and the regulation of his moral conduct ?
but
know
1.
(fif
I feel sorely
l
jjfj
wei
ashamed 9
ti,
the
can't
like,
not, that
them.
for
wei4
wherefore:
special
it
because of;
as a relative,
ti,
representing the
word
cause understood.
2.
3-
4.
5.
$jf.
fiSs
^
m
hsiao 4 , pious to parents: hsiao shun,
Wi
chio, to perceive, to
chung*
(to
be sensible
obedient
make
here construed verbally.
a good job of
be distinguished from ehung*, to plant), a kind or
to pierce as
fl| tsuan*,
hence, select
with a tsuan 4
elliptical for a longer phrase, tsuan
chiu here differing
from
little
te.
of.
properly, a kind or class

pjj p'in
to take care of one's moral nature.
6.
7.
filially
ch'&ng chiu, to accomplish satisfactorily, to
ying mow
sort.
p'in hsing, each man's peculiar nature
a centre-bit
to
make way through
htiu p'in, to study,
a small aperture
accomplishment of business
kan, to study the
by
intrigue;
tsuan kan
mmi
lean
is
m;iy
he used of a good object as well.

to meet
8.
ying, to go to meet, to welcome fing ying, to play up obsequiously to what you
jj|b fmg*,
be a superior's wish, to endeavour to ingratiate oneself with a superior.
hai hsiu, sorely ashamed hai as in hai p'a, hai sao, etc.
9;||
:
to
ro.
1 1.
13.
T|?
15.
to
Jlj|
ma4
pai, white, blank, in vain
|=j
man,
jj|
yao
wan
i,
4
,
[fj
JJ,
what fen,
yo
here
q.d.,
whether there be such a case or
he who
is, jen-tzti-ti,
a man's son
make
not, just think, etc.
q.d.,
a son in his relation to his parents.
part in 10,000; also used elsewhere as 10,000 chances to
brightness, glory; here to glorify: tsung, for tsu
ch'u hsi, to
in
to revile.
ioeijen-tzil-ti: wei,
etc.,
illustrate one's house,
up
12.
14.
chou 4 to curse
know
tsung,
i.
ancestral plurality, one's ancestors;
glorious one's ancestors.
make
what degree?
profit, interest:
to cause one's parents to
be reviled by people
is
to
be unprofitable
254
EEH
TZt)
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON
1.
sir;
every day,
go to?
observe you pass this way

what place is it that you
was thinking that the one you go to would

do for me well enough, and that one of these
my studies.
days I might commence my attendance.

Will you be so good as to say a word for me
to the master beforehand ?
2.
[Junior.]
3.
[Senior.]
It
isn't it
10.
is.
What
[Senior.]
5.
Manchu
go to
To read Mancliu,
[Junior.]
4.
[Senior.]
are
you reading
it
Manchu round hand
write
yet
presently,
shall be taught to write
Well,
[Senior.]
9.
and
to
sir,
looked,
and
for a school;
we
ijB ]Ij
"
cise
XI,
ji! lit
4)
m*
tsuan
3'
&
4.
iT J9
4)
see k f r
t'ou,
'
/* n 9'
tso -chin,
study Manchu
J|= tsu*, properly, class, species
6.
|fj
!p|
argument
tzA
ti,
here those
tsai cho constantly
8.
E. wan
any way help himself.
9.
*J
10.
mi feng,
itself,
your behalf,
any trouble
ti
aud eyes
at
should not have thought
it
all.
things of constant occurrence.

(see
Part III, Exer-
searching for a crevice, trying every approach to a question.
colloquially, clan or tribe of

sc.,
of the clan
who [may come]
means in the second
Pw
10
properly, the left side or hand.
sons and younger brothers,
tsai cho,
M7^
iso,
besides
for,
a thing commendable in
and as for the trouble of speaking in
the merits or chances of anything
sc.,
is
>
neighbouring:
ta-liang, to reckon,
lessons
he has to go to the yamen every
a seam a crevice, to be distinguished from feng', to stitch
'
boring with the head
regular
give
Manchu.
for
before the face
inien, ch'ien,
5.
7.
in
no school
$, ycn
Ijif
to
and corner 2
is
by
these circumstances I fear I cannot help you,

sir
were the case otherwise, your desire to
sorry to say, there
may
It is only because we are so idle that we

work by ourselves that he feels obliged s
find time 9 to play the tutor.
Under
to
have tried every imaginable
any
attend are relations
don't
of procuring instruction left no place

unexamined but in our neighbourhood, 3 1 am
means
that
teaching us,
have
day.
have been want-
myself,
assure you, in every hole
at
to translate too.
study Manchu
ing to
and he has scarcely
marriage; there is not an outsider among

them.
But the fact is that our elder is too
but
to lengthen,
that
busy
[Junior.]
present to leave any time for writing;
when they begin
is
others
The days are too short
8.
4
you think
any pupils but our own near cousins;
Manchu).
Are they teaching you
[Senior.]
7.
to the Essential in
I see
of the elders of our clan, 5
\Jwvior.] Oh, no new books nothing

but the two old things, detached sentences
on common subjects, 1 and the " Ch'ing Hua
Yao" (Guide
Ah!
[Junior.]
a regular professor that teaches us but

that is not the case.
Our instructor is one
in
6.
Chili
V.
not used of numbers or amounts.

tsu hsiung,
an elder brother of the
tribe.
the speaker's near cousins.
in addition,
to the
sc.,
blood
relations
aforesaid;
but ia
place, or furthermore.
feels obliged
yiin'-cho. properly, dividing into
men
i is
properly to stop
even shares
fei, as mfei-shih (see Part IV, Dialogue VI, 58).
10,000 times can he not stop,
he cannot
here simply apportioning a part of k'ung-rh, his leisure.
PART
THE HUNDRED
V.
LESSON
1.
when
This morning
those lads
lessons
their
found one
than another.
prepared
went to hear 1
in
"
your
mind 5
to
With the
and endeavouring
you
credit
that
you are not
entitled to
It is
instead of sitting
get
work
not
you?
8
only that you are wasting day after day and
month
month, but I
after
am
want
pay so
"
1.
attention to
Heard
their lessons
raw
skiing,
4
i,
am
jj|
teng
what
by an
is
said to
them
elliptical process
to rest,
do
set to
13
with
of you."
really quite at
my
my wit's
You may
sponsibility.
as
you please
I've
end.
whole soul into the advice
give you, and so acquit myself of

14
Really, it shows a want of all shame,"

"that grown-up lads like you should
2.
3.
5.
little
down
make men
3.
my
to
doing, not mine, remember."
said,
me, don't
Simply because, being my flesh and

want you to turn to some account
can only throw
is left
come home from
to find one fault after another
energies to no purpose either; you are the

sufferers, but the harm done you is your own
"
that
I
blood, I
my
expending
I give you for

was so much wind
business I should be glad enough to repose

myself, for instance ?
Why don't I ? why,
your
to
it
little leisure
12
you think that when
7
work; but when will it be accomplished if
you go on in this fashion, making believe that
are students,
if
Mancliu, to give your whole
just as
don't go out of my way to find fault "

with you, don't say that
there are plenty
of arguments against such an hypothesis.
now
business,
the lecturing that
4.
it's
stop and listen to me
that you are studying
There
10
ears."
your
"
hawing, gaping and staring,

and nothing else could they do.
2. I saw how the land lay, so I said to
them,
treat
your good
There they stood,
humming and
VI.
you
less
255
LESSONS.
done
listen to
all
me
my
re-
or not,
that I can do."
is
pei
here to hear lessons repeated, not to repeat them.
here, unprepared with a lesson.
to open the eyes wide.
ch'ieh chu, there
stop: ch'ieh, for chan ch'ieh, temporarily, for the time being.
4'
J3.
ft
5-
}H
P' U 'J colloquially, of the forward
movement one would make with
one's
arm
to catch a bird,
an
insect, etc.
undividedly, p'u, making such a forward movement, no, hsin, tender your mind.
6.
7.
ku', properly, to
~f
buy wine ku
:
hsii
liao shou, to bring one's work,
ming, to buy an empty name,

lit.,
false credit.
hand, to an end.
J[||
tu4 , to pass; hsil tu, to pass to no purpose; also, a rule, a measurement, a plan.
9'
&.
Ufa.
10.
8.
n.
12.
J
wan,
J^
[(
P'*
Jjj
|jf
5S
14.
jl[
tse',
>
s ' cln face >
a face
tang ch'tng: you tang, let

ts'o
to
Sji p'i',
3-
ên
5B
to complete,
with
it
to
thick a skin to blush.
represent,
make
it,
ch'eng, to be,
wind by the
side of the ear.
feng, fault crevices, holes in one's coat.
compare with: p'iju,

f
''"'
fi{j
originally,
what
my
na h
'*'
for instance;
used in argument, as we say, do you suppose,
this an(i that; shuo, to speak,
amongst other meanings, a
tse-jen, responsibility,
requires
fault;
;
etc.
must be understood.
to punish for a fault; hence, responsibility: I desire
then will
it
be right.
25G
ERH
TZtT
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
1.
As
[Senior.]
becoming a translator
and
to
Manchu, you
you can have no
in
difficulty
you need
All
translate.
own
learning to
exclusive
coming
your mind
to the one subject.

devotion of
Don't let anything interfere l with your studies,
and let these be progressive 2 and in two or
well on your way.
If
who
the fisherman,
you go
days and
to
nothing.
2.
Will you do
[Junior.]
to look over these translations,
a few corrections
me
sir,
am
your
should be glad enough to
afraid that, being a hsiu-tx'i.
not qualified.
10
n
why, even the i-hsio sheny
and if so, how should a ksiu-ts'ai
Nonsense
may
stand
not
be qualified?
But the
hsiu-ts'ai
the favour
entitled to stand, I can assure you,
and make
for this reason that
as hard as
my
son
12
is
he can at Manchu
and
are
it
is
now working
for the little
time that remains before he has to go up.

Don't you throw away the opportunity. 14 Add
13
your name to the list at once.
examining them] Oh, come,

have
made very great progress
you really
3.
in
What ? when any Banner5. [Senior]

man 9 can go up, do you mean to say that a
man of your attainments would not be allowed
you will be
work like
is
am
two days drying his nets, you may

read for twenty years, but it will come to
then
is
[Junior.]
4.
to
fishes for three
Have you returned
now
off
stand, but I
three years, as a matter of course,
your examination, success
hands. 6
yourself as
a candidate at these examinations 7 that are
an
is
for
go up
are a Chinese scholar,
of
VII.
[Senior,
every sentence runs as it should every word

6
I have not a fault
is clear
to find.
If you
;
2.
PJH
ko tuan, to interrupt
|{|j
in the sense of side

jjH ai,
by
ko,
interposition, tuan, to cut.
by side, ai-cho
tz'-H-'rh,
in proper order, seriatim.
3-
IP3
wany*, a
4-
8S vang jan,
Jj
ko\ a pimple; hsing', a star: ko-hsing, any spot on paper, wood, porcelain, etc.; hence, figuratively, defect,
5.
net.
in vain
for wang, as crooked, unjust, see Part III, 941; here useless.
blemish.
6.
78.
3J:
l|lfi
j^
ti
f
,
shcng*
j^
(JJf;),
those
to overcome
pi-t'ieh-shih, three
to tender, to
hand up
you
will
1
sheng
be able to grasp, ch'iian (^), the balance, power, of pi shing,

be equal to sustaining.
to sustain, to
words used to produce the Manchu word

have you returned your name
a flag, a banner pa ch'i, the Eight

]^t ch'f,
the Manchus are enrolled. There are also eight
:
9.
which
hand
to grasp in the
ts'ao'.
certain success
who
10.
11.
sided with the
|<J3
ffj
(w,
only
the
î-hsio:
12.
jjji
chih*,
13.
H| ;g
14.
jj||
man, a
clerk.
Banner Corps, of mixed civil and military organisation, in

Mongol Banner Corps, and eight of Chinese descended from
Manchus when they invaded China.

li,
you to be examined, can there be ?

founded by one or more persons of
of
the
Banner
Corps are distinguished from the
sheng
justice of exceptionally not permitting
a hsio, school, whether Chinese or Manchu,
where boys are taught to read gratis. The i-hsio

sheng, candidates from the Government establishments.
spirit,
bitgheshi, a lettered
i,
nephew; here the son of the speaker who addresses the other person as his brother.
ming-tzu,, add your name, lit., supplementarily, as you have not yet returned it.
3 pu
chi hui, opportunity: chi, as elsewhere, the motive spring; hui, a conjuncture, the right
moment.
public
PART
V.
LESSON
1.
Never read
novels. 1
thing, read the Mirror of History
if
other one guarded u with his axe; 10 how that

this one made a thrust 12 with his spear, which
that will
extend the range of your scholarship
and
VIII.
you read any-
If
the other one parried 1:i with a staff. If either

of the parties is supposed to be defeated, 14 the
for you,
you keep the events of the past
in
your
memory, making the good your pattern and

3
taking warning
by the bad, you will find
all
for it, body and mind.
the
better
yourself
4
novels and old tales, 5 fictions
2. As to
7
without a shadow" of truth
that once
he
and
1 *1
fairies,
scatters,
17
on which they become fighting
men.
that different
upon a
spirits
who come on clouds and go in mist; grass

16
makes horses, or beans that
that, when cut,
All
4.
this
is
evidently
told
to
false,
yet
receive
is
not only ridicule 20 works of the sort, but have

a certain distaste 21 for them. So don't you
time, in
bestow any pains on such trash.
one made a cut with his sword, which the

i.
3.
hsiao shuo, tales, romances.
t\\ =J
Hi
chien 4 , a mirror
jfc chiuh*, to
chih
the t'ung chien, universal mirror,
beware
to
come
to
3js
JJ
5.
gjjj
tz'u-,
6.
^ ying
7-
blind
BiF hsia', properly,
8.
9.
to.
n.
12.
13.
|j
talk expressions
3
^r fu
ku-erh
tz'fi,
talk about the
proposition
men
4
,
to fight, as armies
ward
to
properly,
;jj|f
fang'', to
off,
guard
also,
damaged, destroyed; here, and commonly, defeated.
14.
jjjjyoi
15.
|||l
shen', spirits in general
16.
jj
chien 3 , to cut with scissors, to cut with a knife, etc.
17.
so 3 to scatter.
18.
g|
fefl
19.
Û
21.
tat
j^jj
originally,
f|}j
hsien', fairies
shcn-hsien, a collection of such beings.

:
chien-tzil, scissors.
See sa 1 Part III, 998.

,
a pleasant flavour
chirn-shih, experience
Ijjjj
depend upon.
parry a thrust.
20.
to
a frame, a stand, a staging.
JL
introduced.
and very commonly, to lean against,
tha', to thrust at with the point of a stick or weapon.
is
erh for jen, man.
other.
chia*, to
to.
2jfc
of old
Asia hua, falsehood.
an axe, carpenter's or
common where a new
very
becoming, made up
chang
a famous historical work.
shadow.
cheng
y'd,
is
of.
4.
^
;
ivel*,
any flavour:
tzil-wei,
the sense derived from
a pleasant flavour, a
relish.
it.
hsiao hua, to laugh at.
4
,
slow, taking
no interest
in
it
xsuch-and-such a state, so-and-so fought ever

so many rights 9 with so-and-so how that this
the
as
people
there
stand
like
idiots, taking
gospel
they
18
it in with a
Men of sense 19
positive gusto.
it
stupid
3. There are people who have got no

sense of decency, who will go on reading to
how
he invokes are
auxiliaries
people have composed, it will do you no good

8
it'
you read a thousand volumes of them.
their audience
257
lan-tai, lazy; not eager ch'iao, to read
such books.
33
TZ& ERH
258
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
1.
is
Has
[Senior.]
2.
come
that book
It has been sent
[Junior.]
yet
for,
ever,
but
it
Who
yet!
is
lad, sir.
When
he wouldn't
stir for
The young
him
we
first
us,
but kept loitering here ever so long, as if

l
whether he went or not. At
told
to go,
him
pery
know,
the book
sir,
leave
t'ao?
it,"
'
we
??
up
you
rfte *
2.
Jjjj
left out,
to lean against
$;
{',
4.
j*j^
hua?, slippery, to
5-
m
ItE y
7.
8.
9.
*<
severe
doubt,
is
to correct
him
severely
as he returns, I shall tie him

and give him a very sound thrashing. 8
for-nothing
than he
is
now.
by
a, yao,
importance.
//IK'
ti.
to
j|| k'an',
;
La
(see
Part III, 763)
to, to
assent to
is
pu
more common.
i,
not to assent
to, to
be dissatisfied with.
slip.
kuan
chiao, to
keep in order and teach;
here,
much
as
we
often use the word correction.
beyond doubt.
positively,
bind with cords, things or persons.
tun*, in the sense of
what he ought
etc.
hence, to incline
4
Hi tuan -tuan, decidedly,
|jg k'un*, to
IJdl
is
lou*, to leak, as anything holding fluid; to leak out, as the fluid itself; frequently used, as here, of things
3.
||Jf
the word in brackets being represented
omissions in writing, business,
6.
all
chin: some such word as attitude must here be understood; yu, he had
;
course, he
Otherwise this kind of thing will grow into

a habit, and he will become a greater good-
haste you can, and
"
Of
as soon
so,
said,
chin, not pressing [manner]
some place where there is something

amuse himself. The right thing,
beyond
or when your master comes

he won't be best pleased 3 with you." How-
get
there ever such a slip-
world
going on, to
So we asked
in four.
is
"What made you

had better make all the
article in this
off to
he started off post haste. But when he came

back he brought only three fao, and, as you
Was
[Senior.]
5.
was you who had desired

that the book should be brought, and then
it
him,
meet him, but then he would be most likely

returning by one road while the messenger
was going another.
didn't matter
last I told
in
had bungled the directions we gave him,

and so he went off in a huff, and lie
not back yet. Someone might be sent to
he said
was
it ?
[Junior.]
4.
We
Not come
[Senior]
3.
it
he would not plead guilty un the

contrary, he tried to put us in the wrong.
not come yet
sent for
IX.
turn or time
tun fan, a meal.
have strength to bear; to be equal to duty, responsibility,
elsewhere
it
may mean
that more
is
laid
etc.:
on a person than he can bear.
pu
k'an, here, unequal to doing
PART
V.
LESSON
1.
X.
[Senior.]
Miuichus
as
Easy
Foot archer}- l 2 is with us

most important consideration.
it
so
it is
seems,
much
and
sir,
Well, look at
[Junior.]
4.
the reverse in
259
my
see if I have improved.
anything
fault
find
to
with,
shooting,
If there
please
is
correct
practice that notwithstanding the number of

archers who shoot 3 from morning till night,
me.'
ay, take their very bows to bed with them,

there are but a small number who come to
said against your shooting as a foot archer.

Trust to your thumb, 11 and sooner or later you
shoot so well
will
is
the difficulty
[Senior.] The body must be kept quite

upright, the shoulders of the same height,
3.
the attitude of the whole person perfectly

unconstrained 7 then 9 the bow should be so
stiff
when
the arrow leaves
it
particulars,
ijfif
jl
3-
4.
^H
5.
3ft.
chien 4 an arrow
&
ch'ang
lei',
pu
7.
S.
9-
10.
continually to
la,
ts'ui 4 ,
JU?
to
better than
to
keep you
draw the bow.
reeds or grass growing in tufts

if
there be
any whose
tSee
tz-il
$Jj
jan, as of
s
,
in
evil or fault
books po
!
;
pa
ts'ui, to
draw out one stem or blade from such a
la,
to be so good as to ch'u
lei,
tuft,
thereby
excel their class, [and as
below, ch'u chung.
become famous
of those
who have done
so,
how many ?
there are
unconstrained.
ta-cho. additionally; it
31
po
itself,
shooting, come
;g ch'u miny, to put forth a name, to
^ ^ mao-ping,
jp-
few
a class or category.
JfJ
these
in
chien, foot archery.
pre-eminence
such] to be extracted from the bunch,
6.
Reform
shih 2 , in books she 4 , to shoot arrows.
it
giving
style
and, no matter where you go
the majority
under him. 14
good.
2.
and
you are certain to shoot

no one will be able
shoot,
f$
Your
that your bow is not quite

that the bow hand is
unsteady.
slightly
it
goes with force and then if every arrow hits

the mark, the shooting may be pronounced
1.
enough,
is
13
withal that
wear the peacock's feather. 1 2
thing to remark
stiff
nothing to be
good, you show
is
What
[Junior.]
is
training, and you shoot

If everyone shot like you, there would
clean.
be no fault to find with anyone. The only
above their competitors.

2.
No, there
'
as to distinguish themselves 6
4 6
[Senior.]
5.
even so large as a
may be used
properly, to
move
hair.
with yu preceding
it,
apart with the hand
as here, or without yu.
po
cheng, to set right
not used of moving
material things.
win 3 , a finger not used alone chang-cho, relying on ; ta mu-chih-t'ou, the great finger great in the sense
JJJ
The middle finger is chung chih ; the next, ssu mu-chihthe series, the forefinger being erh mu-chih-t'ou.
The little finger is hsiao mu-chih-t'ou.
t'ou, but also, politely, wu-ming chih, the finger without a name.
1 1
of
first in
12.
fflft
ling*,
feathers; here,
more honourable than the former

13.
fi^f
tail of the pheasant or the peacock, the

wear such a feather in the cap.
a feather from the

tai ling, to
liao 4 or lio 4 , to diminish, to abridge, a digest, a sketch, a
more common.
14.
See also Lesson
to press
J]g ;/',
of ya, between
XXIII,
slightly.
The
being
first
much
reading
is
4.
down, as anything
and i-h'H.
its auxiliaries lixia
resume; hence,
latter
l;iid
on another presses that which
is
below
it.
Observe
i.
the object
260
ERH
Tztr
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON
1.
l
[Junior,
to you, sir
year
2.
happy new year
You
5.
eating than he is hungry again. L>o cat some,

or I shall certainly think that your abstemious-
are
very good;
ness
1 1
Please take your seat,
[Senior.]
What
[ Junior.]
That
for
sir.
[Senior.]
won't hear of
you a kotow;
are
my
my
bounden duty,
as
13.
you
4
you a few of these dumplings
give
my
pay
me
9.
at
10.
so
let
me
spoil
I ate
%.
3'
good time,
it
will set people
Now don't get up from table, sir

my way out by myself 7 you'll
find
your dinner
if
you come away from
it.
A
Wliat, not see you out
Dear me! to think that you have
hsin hsi,
j|
sheng
Jfc
fu
1$
chiao
5-
ff
'(HI
kind of pretence
3
,
new
had the trouble of coming

even a cup of tea!
10
meet
that you can't eat any more, surely ?

At your time of life a man has no sooner done
jjjf
visits in
likely story
Well, but you did not eat
[Senior.]
1.
tea for me, thank you.
[Senior.]
wondering.
much
2.
No
[Junior.]
16. [Seni-or.]
[Junior.] Not any, thank you

home, before I came out.
tea
gentleman.
have here.
some
Here, then,
it.
make some
have posterity may you pass your life in

wealth and honour! 3 now please get up off
your knees, and sit down on the upper seat.
Let
should never think of
But why not?

I must be off elsewhere
1
15. [Junior.]
have a number of places to go to, and if I don't
14.
Get up, get up, I beg of you.

[Senior.]
2
have
may you
promotion
may you
home
sir.
elder.
8.
There
it's
must make
sir,
should do otherwise than make
you an untruth, depend on
for this
Indeed,
[Junior]
12. [Senior.]
such a thing.
7.
I am in earnest, I assure
[Junior.]
You don't suppose, do you, that in
myself at
telling
No, no
pretence.
your house
year salaam to you.

6.
sir.
you,
may make my new-
is all
to both of us.
[Junior.]
4.
happy new
[Senior.]
3.
entering.]
XI.
your
again.
for
nothing
Well, good-bye
till
Make my compliments
people, will
you
9
;
to
not
we
all
[year's] congratulations.
properly, to rise: sheng kuan, to obtain promotion.

kuei, rich
flour
and honourable.
dumplings with or without meat
inside.
1
3
chuang chia , pretending; specially, pretending to have no appetite chia chuang is used of any
to
adorn
Note chia?, not chia*, as in Part IV,
chuang,
oneself, to dress up also, to pretend.
:
III, 13.
6-
my
$&
fan
ss *
not coming to see them.

7.
8.
9-
Ph
Ivmg:
people will
sung, do not accompany me,
jjjlj
J3
3fj
k'an, lest: look to
iS? -S&
I shall fan, offend,
Construe
all
sc.,
run foul
of,
people's
be [by nie] fan
ssfi
ssil
8fc
<>t
to the door.
you do not carry away the wet, relish of your dinner.

k'ung-k'ung-rh-ti, emptily, specially where a visitor has had nothing to
it
that
to him.
I0
liany, speculations as to Hie cause
Hang.
kaijih, another day; tsai chien,
we
shall see each other again.
eat,
or nothing presented
PABT
V.
LESSON
I
They
[Junior.]
who have gone before me and have

found favour with Heaven " and I can't be
congratulate
sure about getting
ching-ship.
2.
Yes
[Senior.]
at the selection
terday they decided on proposing

nominee.
me
On whom
[Junior.]
3.
nominee
4.
in waiting
standing
subaltern of the Vanguard. 4
Camp
[Senior]
Only with the Hunting
he has never served a campaign.
6
;
Well, I feel satisfied that
[Junior]
be wearing the peacock's feather
will
my
counting on
a certainty.
but
it,
your friends of the
to that, are
now
date,
and those
ta-jen,
later
army
same
than you did
Picked Archers. 11
Who
your Banner Corps
12
is
that
there, therefore, in
is
man
a better
know what you
than
are thinking of;
afraid, I suppose, that I am come

13
a
to get
out of you in h< mour
glass of wine
of the occasion.
you are
8. [Senior]
Don't flatter me, pray; I
have no particular merits of my own, and there
are too many better men than I in the field to
of
You underrate yourself, sir.
all
you are
presently.
admit of
all.
been promoted.
Then, as to your
have
been
in
the wars, you have
services, you
been wounded, and you are now one of the
6.
7.
you
service
[Junior]
all
entered the
have
5.
you come
who
know a
don't
Has he seen any
at
did they decide
you
it
Why, think of the number of years you have

been in the service
You're a man of good
if
A man
[Senior.]
[Junior]
9.
yesas the
effective
as
XII.
those
you, sir.
say you have been selected for a chang1.
261
may
if I
do,
the appointment as
have the luck to lay hold 10
it
will
TjC chang-ching
ift
[Senior] Wine, indeed!

14
you that if the news is true,
10.
tell
say wine, but anything you like
be by the virtue of
happy
can only
it's not to
be
shall
to offer you.
the words are supposed to give nearly the sound of the
Manchu word
chanyin,
signifying an "assistant."
2.
3
3
j[! hsilan , to choose; ||j chien , to select:
their turn, but
by merit
slicing is
chien-hsiian, colloquially used only of choosing officers, not in

an auxiliary verb, but indicating at the same time the superior merit of the person
chosen.
3.
4-
|H
"Hif
point of a
ni 3 commonly, to suggest; here, of submitting a

,
^$
ch'ien feng' hsiao 4
weapon; the Ch'ien Feng
is
name
to the Throne.
the hsiao are military officers in Manchu corps, of the sixth grade; feny, the
one of the grand divisions of the Manchu army; the point in advance, or
vanguard.
5.
6.
^ Jn yu
3
surround; hence applied to hunting as carried on with a corps of beaters: kua , only, I
service ta wei, to go shooting or hunting.
3
7L llE k' un 9 ch'io', the peacock ch'iao is the common reading of the second character.
chih
to
to
and
look towards; to hope.
wang,
point
$5 |>g
4
the shade cast by trees, plants, etc. fu yin, the overshadowing of prosperity [due to the vi
jSf* yin
done mi, Hunting

78.
9.
of
tsit
ping, to have seen military service.
to
|jj wei~,
Camp
tsung, one's ancestors.

10.
lao',
to take
up out of water, with the hand or otherwise.

and petty officers selected
shorn she, Manchu soldiers

successful shots being fired in each way.
11.
|f
%fo
12.
^f ~f
13.
14.
^}| $Jc
ch'i hsia
serving under the chiefs of your
hsi chin, congratulation wine.
kuojan, in very deed.
ch'i,
for proficiency in three branches of archery, five
Banner Corps, who
is
ch'iang,
more
able, than
you
EKH
262
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
all
7
away, showing no sign of life,
and spending his pay without doing any duty
for it, how can he possibly expect to be pro-
idles the year
Success in the public service

on
the
depends
opportunities of the ini.
[Senior.]
dividual.
you have no more than ordinary
If
Your
luck, nothing will go well with you.

object, whatever
present
may seem on
be,
service.
will
There are
expressly to foil you.
people who hold such
moted? why, he ought
the point
and some contretemps
of attainment,
itself
it
XIII.
who have such
and
be dismissed from the
to
The foremost
duties of an employe'
9
He must
are
diligence
also
keep on good terms with his friends
attentiveness.
not
nothing
taking a line of his own, nor refusing to do

as others do never bringing in 10 his comrades
that does not turn out as they desire and
for a share of trouble that belongs only to
own way without
him; and when any duty, no matter what,
a run of
They have
expect.
hands,
that there really
luck,'
their
is
or hindrance, 3 and, in the twinkling of an

eye,* there they are in the highest places they
devolves upon him, it behoves him to give

whole mind to the discharge of it, and to
u
push gallantly to the front. Let a man take
let
can
till.
2.
Well,
[Junior.]
different opinion
sir,
think
am of an entirely
stumps or
fyj[ ch'a*,
lesser
this line,
a question
it is all
of exertion or no exertion. 6
1.
his
he
fail
and he
of success
is
certain to rise
how can
an employe'
If
boughs branching out from the stem of a
tree; figuratively for
an occurrence out
of the plain course one would pursue.

2.
this
3.
air,
JjjJ
rare
is
ts'ai t'ou,
5Jj
colour end; the right colour side of the dice:
||| 3pJ shtuing-shuang-li-U-ti,
quickly and without hindrance
untrammelled, as a sky without clouds

4.
3
gjf ch'ou , to see, to look
5.
|H yu
6.
gi &o P a
expression
7.
no work
is
$j
excellent:
yu
chieh, in
what
ts'an',
is
li,
3JL 5J
j|
bad; but
ko
t'ui,
ch'in'
10.
||| p'an
11.
S yung
3
,
shuang, as in Part III, 823, free as the morning
sharp, quick.
teng, highest
degree of kao
siting, rising to
and pa evidently stands
for
some other
eaten, to eat: su, properly, white
to strip off [office
diligent;
at.
high place.
g|i chin
3
,
and compel] to
attention
but rarely used except
in this
combination, the
retire.
properly, solemn attentiveness, as in a place of worship.
to drag
towards one with the hand; here, of pulling in others to do one's own work.
brave
also,
a "brave," or irregular
soldier.
The
character.
here used like pai, vainly; su ts'an, vainly eating, doing
shih wei, a corpse personage, a dead person
9.
ts'ai t'ou is
a good sense, as here, to exert oneself; in a bad sense, to intrigue for patronage.
purely colloquial,
for one's
wages
upper and lower parts of which are sometimes transposed.
8.
you might say that the
tsou yim, to follow in the track of luck.
PART
THE HUXDKKI) LKSSOXH.
V.
LESSON
CHANG
XIV.
sure to leave nothing undone that may relieve "
the sufferer. He really is an old man who has
anything but cordial

to his acquaintance; not like an old gentleman that I know, who is quite another style
1.
This
of old
man
is
very friendly
with everybody
delights in a long literary conversation
10
there
to
is
3.
8
Then he
is
^ * nin>
j|5i
j|fe
"$
yiieh
4.
i/tn
to rejoice
And
13
there
belonging to
The man who
on his whole
the old
is
is
man
with an
ample fortune, and sons and grandsons in

15
10
all the reward
of his own \\vllplenty;
doing.
t cordial.
ho yen, with friendly colour, and
to lead, to guide
$B
chihpo
to point to
jU;
7-
$n*,
8.
U hu
9-
3$t chiu*, to save
6.
to' (see
10.
4
;
jjj
yii
to tempt, to
gladsome
yileh she,
draw
on, in a
tint.
good or bad sense
here, yin
yti,
draw on
to
12.
and
set right.
chiao too 4 , to give good advice
4
,
See above,
po
too 4, properly too
in po* cheng (Lesson

3
,
benevolence, humanity, disinterestedness, Christian charity

to assist
hu chmig,
:
X, Note
10).
to guide.
:
jen ai, kind-hearted.
charitable, philanthropic.
to? chin, to
come
to the rescue of (q.d.,
adding one's own hand or person)
la 3, properly
Part III, 1076).

;^j|
hou, that
11.
is
all
"
hao ch'u, good ways.

5-
is
ij|
brings luck on
14
charit-
taxless, n
am
ch'injo, the opposite of long tan.

4
to
and
He
as the proverb says,
blest himself, brings blessings
he were the party concerned;
^ an(
3.
4.
house."
so kind-hearted
12
visit.
him
what
as eager to help anyone he finds in
distress as if
2.
needed.
it is
so strongly that
with myself when 1 let any

of
time
great length
pass without paying liiin
and gives them good
reprove,
when
advice
able;
ho
for all the blessings
I feel this
quite dissatisfied
talking history a whole day, and never tire.

3
2. He
is
very amiable, too, with any
young people he happens to meet; tries to
to the right road; reproves
and
enjoys,
sit
win them 4
thank his virtues
to
will
263
chi\ to accumulate
is,
his fu, blessings, accumulate
thanks to his
too,
way
of
life,
the characteristic of which
chung hou, sincerity and unselfishness.

kw
tz'ii,
accordingly, for this cause.
fjfc
$fc
^ }; pu kuo
i,
not to be able to get over the thought.
Observe the emphasis given by rhih
xliili,
it
simply the fact that, etc.

13.
^^
t'o
tai,
not used except in this proverb
(which prove the greatness of his virtues),
(see
14.
'5-
HE waw
ch'ung
Jg!
4
<7
>
tsu,
amply
6.
412
Jffi
sufficing
the whole house
ch'ung in the sense of
brilliancy, great success: hsing
Part IV, Dialogue VIII,
tai, are drawn, follow him,
t-o,
being beholden to his fu,
and share these
filling to
the
blessings.
full.
wang, nourishing, either as here, or of commerce, harvests,
35).
poo yinSt Heaven's reward of good or retribution of
evil.
I-!.
etc.:
hîny
TZU ERH CHI.
'204
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON XV.
i.
[Junior.]
You must mind what you are
2.
You young gentlemen
[Senior.]
about, gentlemen, before His Excellency here.
say what you please on the subject
He
can
1
very quick and decided, and whatever
comes to his hand is certain to be turned out
is
Then he
shipshape.'
is
With
ties.
he
this
all
is
fail
to bring
them
and support
else-
me
all
it is
to say out
conduct and
my
Still,
my nature
pretty much what they ought
and
this
if
5
4
game by a show of diligence,
well look out. They can't escape
require
my
what
language are
to be,9 1 suspect
the reason
is
and are ready
their
as
what
did not
feel.
appointments or promotion at
the fitting season.
But if he comes across
fellows who shirk duty, eye-servants who try
make
day with
delinquents,
their claims to
to
are watching
recommend those who deserve to be

recommended, and pull up those who deserve
As to coming down on
to be pulled up ? 7
I
real quali-
very kind-hearted,
forward,
When you
8
your respective merits be done justice to
and when the young fellows belonging to those

about him are diligent and respectable, he will
never
do
day
your eyes, in the hope that
shall make a career for you, how would
after
very clear-sighted
He is not
he knows what people are worth.

to be humbugged 3 as to any man's
nia\
to
why people obey me,

exert themselves when 1
it.
they may
him, and once they fall into his hands they
will not get away very easily.
i.
|jj[
those of a
-
word
min?, quick intelligence
man
^1
clear-seeing
in movement, active
J| chieh", quick
his ts'ai-ch'ing, abilities, are, in character,
and prompt.
^ W 91 V
M) y w M> a fig"16 taken from thread duly sorted, not in confusion,
i ''"
li
representing the
order.
v
f
4.
ItS
*"lTI
j^j
MMI = to hoodwink.
.
/<s(t/<
to
make
offer to
a superior of a present or of a suggestion
here, to
make a show
of tendering
diligence.
5.
6-
4
jj chan so pronounced, to take without
,
EL
pa'-pa-'rh, of the eye fixed
right
on a mark
clian p'ien
}j
shu', to tie up, as
|JJ
shang
a bundle of
sticks
to gain advantage unduly.
not to be explained etymologically, unless pa'
corrupt for the same character written with the 17 7th Radical, pa*,
7.
i,
a.
is
taken a*
target.
yo, also, properly, to
bind
yo shu, to control, to enforce discipline
upon.
8.
9'
3
,
to confer
dE JK chmg p'ai*,
on an
inferior; hence, to
right course, correctness
reward; kung, exertion, hence well-doing, merit.

p'ai, in the sense of divergent courses of
water poured out.
PART
V.
LESSON
Children are reared to be the prop 1 of
age, and a son should remember all the trouble
he has given his parents how kind it was of
1.
them
him up
make him show
to bring
should
3
now, while they are
as they did
his sense of
and
this
4
filial
duty
by finding them
alive,
good food to eat and good clothes to put on,

and by rejoicing the heart of the old folks
with his amiability and cheerfulness.
son neglects to feed and clothe his
If a
2.
he does not trouble himself about
parents, if
what they may suffer from want 5 or from

weather, and so, by treating them as if they
did not belong to him, pains and vexes the
old people while they are yet with him, he
7
may weep and wail as he will a hundred years
but what good will that do ? Supposing

be sincere, 8 no one will believe in it.
later,
his grief to
It will
he
'
fi5
23-
4-
uttering
it
be put
down
as a sham, got
up because
And
afraid of people's contempt.
is
fan9*,
*ff loo
/&
1
,
pei, to
guard against: fang
as for
make
2G5
XVI.
sacrifices,
you may
set
please before the dead, but
n
spirits
12
gobbled up
13
who
these dishes
enjoy
by the
dainties
any
living
ever
you
knew the
They
10
are all
the dead don't
gain anything by them.

3. There are some children who are worst-
than neglectful
children
who
will
tell
that their parents are so old that there
you
no
is
making them understand anything they ought

to do 14 and who go on clamour, clamour, in
;
the house, until at last they insist on having a

u>
separate establishment. Language such asthis
makes one distressed and angry in spite of one1"

Such persons revolt 17 the powers of nature,
self.
and the spirits abhor them. How 18 is it possible,
one asks, that they should die in their beds ?
20
4. Just observe these undutiful
people,
li(
21
and, in the twinkling of an eye, you will see
their children and their children's children as
undutiful as they have been. 22
preparation against possible
evil.
labour, pains, trouble.
ch'en\ properly, to avail oneself of an opportunity.

hsiao* ching*, filially, to respect, to pay that honour which filial piety demands
by an inferior to a superior, or of gratuitous labour given under similar conditions.
^ RK
made
IB| clii', to
6-
^t
it
is
also used of an
hunger, to starve.
k'an tai is explained by the clause preceding it, without which tang tai or tai, alone, would be used
must be construed as if k'an were detached from tai and linked with the words preceding it.
7- IIB 5<t t'ung* k'u 1 to
cry bitterly t'ung, the excitement of strong emotion.
3.
!$ ch'tng true, sincere, real.

$k hung, here, to set out for sacrifice.
,
9-
Io
chin 1 , jewels; fa; htiu*, dainty fare: chen hsiu, dainty fare; mei 3 (^|) teei, goodly taste.
Iiun 2 the spirit of life which leaves man when he dies; not his ch'i, the breath: hun ling, this same spirit
belonging to men dead or dreaming in abeyance when a man is half-drowned in ordinary men, not immortal.
3
12.
to enjoy, as happiness: shou hsiang, the same.
Ijf. hsiang
-
"
'3-
Eg nang 3
toeat; jf| sang
1
,
properly, to push back with the hand:
nang
sang, filling the
mouth with food
like
a glutton.
4 Bjjf hui 4 , of the sight darkened

darkness are drivelling, doting.
1
lao pei hui, so old that they turn the back on
what
is
and go
right
in
'$
1
own
6.
T$i
!&
ck'ang' ch'u, arena-place, this length.
~/fc
gj
/ffj
pu yu
ti,
without one's permission, whether one will or no
yu, from, out of
also,
of one's
accord.
'7-
xj
!t pnjung,
1
not to tolerate
heaven and earth, the powers of nature, cannot bear them.
how can they, etc. ?

chung', the end; here, to die: shan chung, comfortably to die; shan, as in the phrase *lmii fa, good,
commendable, methods not virtuous, righteous, etc.
'8-
9-
'jij
yen
classical interrogative
$5
4
20. j^f
ching , still, tranquil
21.
chan 3 also
22.
ching-ching-ti, silently.
3
colloquially read cha ,
and
in books,
pien
3
;
to
wink the
eye.
hsiao*, to imitate.
34
266
ERH
TZtT
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON
XVII.
Touching quarrels in families brothers

are borne in the one mother's womb, and while
lose
they are
that
1.
and each one

himself.
the other as
will love
much
as
to a certain time they will be as
Up
affectionate as possible;
and
if later
in
life
most cases
they become less intimate, it is
because they are egged on 3 by their wives 2 to
*
tight about property, or because they listen to
is
in
persons not connected with them, who tell

them things calculated to produce estrange5
ment; the result of which cause is, in very
selfish indifference
and, in
there
fine,
is
any
who
your
is
bone of your bone and

will risk
flesh
?
17
his
life
Will any outsider
help you
such an effort ? not a bit of
6 7
a feud
serious difficulty, will feel to you like
efforts to
it
he
in his
make
will sheer
18
he won't
being compromised
be able to get out of the way fast enough. 1 "
5. All this proves that there is no friend
so near one as a brother.
Why can't people
off for fear of
8
by daily calumnies that they
can think of nothing else, some fine day they
lose all patience, 11 and then come 10 blows and
altercations,
cannot be reproduced.
should
remember also that there
4. They
no ally like a brother who else, if you are
it off, it
flesh of
12
10
the brother
on the part of each to the interest of the other.

2. And so, when their senses have become
so affected
if
snap
in
many instances, a state of
the wife were to die, they could marry 16

again; but that injury done to a brother is
like injury done to a hand or foot; if you
they eat together, play together,
little
But they should remember that if they

u more
goods or property, they can buy
3.
bear these facts somewhat more particularly
13
in
mind
between them.
'
2.
two
what degree? a form of the superlative;
1^1
TT ho'
chV, the wife,
$.
t'iao*, to set
teng,
who
is
espoused
fjf
c&'te/t.
4
,
in the highest degree.
the concubine,
who
is
purchased
man cannot
have
legally
ch'i.
3-
make
mischief: fiao
45-
6.
so,
trouble going privily; not to be confounded with t'iao', to carry on the shoulder;
to incite to contention.
cheng
^J
chicn*, to divide
||j
7.
to
not to be confounded with chien 1
(see
Part III, 47)
language that
ckien, separates.
the breast, to carry in the breast or heart.
strange
here, estranged.
8.
g|| ts'an", to criticise ill-naturedly, to backbite.
^jfc
ckih*, to cause:
10.
SI
to quarrel, to quarrel about.
MM?,
Dg
thoroughly saturated, as a thing steeped in water: the ear saturated, mujan, the eye dyed.
i,
using [the means above described] chih, they cause, what follows;
yii,
classically,
governing the object of chih.

1 1
12.
J3> jc
to endure, to bear patiently.
^ pan*
(properly,
and
often, pien*), to distinguish in discussion:
pronounced pan only
in this phrase;
ix\d, altercation.
13.
HI
ch'ou', hate, feud.
14.
chih 1 to make, to provide
IS1
6.
17.
1
8.
19.
?c
yj
j^
to take a
che*, to
she
j|t SjL
jjjj
fh'ii
tieh
snap
to fling
lun
1
,
lei,
woman
off; also
hence, as here, to buy.
to wife.
1
read she
away: she ming,
to fling
away
life.
entanglement, complication.
here, in the sense of achieving satisfactorily: to
pu
tieh,
cannot succeed in escaping.
pan-
TART
V.
LESSON
As
men should imitate

KUAN CHUNG 1 and PAO SHU 2 of the olden time.
1.
to friendship,
These two were walking together one

in the country, 3 when they saw an
out
day
6
ingot of gold lying by the roadside.
2.
Each wanted the other
3.
as
neither would pick
himself, they left
it
7 8
it
to take
up
to
but
it,
keep
XVIII.
two informants.
he,
when he had caught them
bad blood
and walked on
is
was an ingot of gold
me my
cost
Here,
say
me
mo
life, let
"
what
me
that
up,
a two-headed snake
You have
shouted
there between you and
you should have told
tell
pretty near
you."
Not believing what he
7.
back
Until they fell in with a labouring

man. 9 " There's an ingot of gold over there,"
said they to him; "you go and take it up
"
"
his
for
4.
267
to the spot to take
said, they went

a look, and there
they found the lump of gold lying where they

first seen it, but cut in two pieces.
had
KUAN CHUNG
8.
took one
half,
and PAO
now."
SHU
5. Away went the labourer as hard as

he could to look for the gold, but no gold
could he see, and all he did see was a snake 10
labourer had to go his
with two heads.
story comes out of a story-book, it is true

still the conduct of these two men, as here
him considerably. With-
out further loss of time he cut the snake in
two
13
with his hoe,
i.
flp
way empty-handed.
Such was friendship as it subsisted
9.
between
friends of
the olden
time.
This
;
This startled 11
6.
the other, and off they went, while the
12
and then gave chase
to
15
to the
undoubtedly reads a lesson
w folks of our own
profit-at-any-price
day.
related,
chung*, properly, the second son in a family; here, a name.
IS P ao> <K
shu*: the
of one's father
first
character always a surname; the second, here a name, means the younger brother
colloquially, shu-shu.
SP chiao', originally, the knd at a radius of 10 li round a capital city; ]{j hiiang', barren, waste, deserted:
chiao, the country, as opposed to ground that is built over ; yeh wai, nearly the same.
3-
huang
4-
Sg
5'
5C
precious
is
kuany*, to
stroll,
to
walk
for pleasure
to visit, as a temple or other place of interest.
3
yuan*, properly, original here, in the sense of great
j* pao a jewel, here in the sense of something
chin yuan poo means simply a large lump of gold fashioned into the shape in which the Government silver
usually
o;ist.
3
6-
fit chien
7-
ijj jzng*, still as ever, still as before.
to pick up.
8.
Jg
liao', properly, to
9-
Hi HI chuang
throw down
chia 1
3
({ she , a serpent: a snake
1 1.
1$ hsia\
in
12.
HJ
ch'u',
a hoe.
'3'
ffil
is
here, to leave on the ground, jeng,
a Chinese
Han,
10.
commonly
books read ho 4 ; to frighten
Hang
chieh
3
,
who
where
was.
it
has to do with chuang chia, grain crops
called eh'ang ch'ung;
lit.,
[the sight] frightened
an agricultural labourer.
long reptile.
him a
great start.
two fragments: observe the construction; pa before the object

the verb chieh meaning to cut off.
[so that the snake] ch'cng, became two chieh, fragments

'4-
she,
snake; k'an, struck,
wang', here so intoned, but identical with wang*, to forget: the phrase chien
li
wang
i,
to forget justice
at the sight of gain, is classical.
in
3
'5'
He pang y an 9, a lesson, an example: pang, amongst other meanings, the
which successful graduates stand.
list
posted up to show the order
268
ERH
TZtr
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
You mean
1.
don't you
is
that
I do.
make
his
and
and he
very steady; highly

well conducted,
When
6
is
and
home
his parents
living
and till the question is settled he

won't take his hand off it.
Everyone, con-
he has none to
sequently,
quietly with his
1.
jg nang*, a
2.
fff chui
1
,
fault.
chiu?, long in duration.
4-
yffi
yiian', a
5-
lit han-chang-'rh,
5C (chang), an
6.
7-
8-
^g
chil
Mfi
jiff
ii
ch'i
possibility, that
910.
1
,
not
will
fail to
bless
I0
him.
an abyss; only used in certain
it,
set
phrases:
f|j!
po'
of learning,
deep and wide.
fine fellow
han, as in Lesson XVIII, Note
9, a fellow
chang, probably a corruption
elder, a senior, one worthy of respect.
to dwell in, to inhabit
tien t'ou, to
3
''
good man," and Heaven
Then, again,
deep place with water in
his hsio-wen, learning, is
?H
"
an awl.
7^
No doubt; and such a man as this

never 8 go through life empty-handed.
"
Heaven," says the proverb, stands by the
6.
purse, a bag.
3'
extensive
him, and entertains an
will
dutiful to
is
respects
affection for him.
affectionate to his brothers;
he really has not a single
of
He
expenditure.
and
If
for you,
family, he gives himself up entirely to the

management of household affairs and to the
eare of
if
he does not promise his aid, that's all about

it
if he gives you to understand 7 that you
shall have it, he will not fail to do all he can
so diligent in the discharge
of his public duties.

discharge,
he
uncommonly
well looking
He
in a bag. 1
before long. 3
way
How is this ?
He is naturally
you want his

apply to him he will
or he will tell him plainly if
if
man
If a
he can,
can't, be the applicant who he may.
help
he's a regular awl
certain to
5.
such a friend to have
is
assistance.
Ah
educated,
he
friend of ours,
young
2.
XIX.
how
nod the head
ch'i yu,
how can
chii chia, to live at
home, not elsewhere on business or pleasure.
in token of assent
if
there be
is
common form
he should go k'ung, without advantage, through

1
4B
lisiang* (not
pjj:
chiang* (not hsiang'), to descend,
hsiang
),
to aid, to stand
prosperous, man, identical with the good man.
by
he do not ying, promise, enough

of negation
how
if
he assent, then,
can there be
li,
etc.
a rational, just
life ?
hence, anciently, a minister or counsellor.
or, as here, to
cause to descend.
Observe chi jcn, the
fortiimitf,
in-
PART
V.
269
LESSON XX.
known
[Senior.]
1
us so very long, 2 and

is
pointment.
I first
really is the case.
it
the truth of
the proverb,
resolve, the thing
to
make a
"
'
$J
BE
of his public duties; so diligent; and as to

looking out for himself, or turning a penny
but
underhand, he is perfectly spotless. 8 It's quite

a case 9 in which one may observe that " The
done;"
is
No man
is
is
all
very
home, and there always at his studies;
never moving in the direction of a dissolute 7

life.
Then he is so careful in the discharge
too
house where virtue accumulates from generation to generation will not fail to have more
resolution."
[Junior.} That
his father's virtues
2.
still,
at
shows
man
"If a
he wants to do
and of the other proverb,
young
It
well, sir;
must have had claims
than an ordinary share of happiness."
fang', properly, in past times, a region or quarter of a city
ntny y u can
-fif
it
be how
many days
to
hears that he
friends I find
to
that he has got an apI only half believed the report

heard it,3 until on inquiring of
doing very well
when
now one
Heaven 4
enable him to beget a

a son of such promise a young man so plain "
and honest, so well conducted spending any
spare time his archery drill may leave him
That young fellow is our old

neighbour, you know; the lad we have seen
grow up here. He has not been away from
1.
q.d., it is
chieh-fang, neighbours, a neighbour.
but a few days, ko
lai-cho implies the continuance of the action of the verbs hsin
liao, that
and
i until
he has been separated from

the time indicated
us.
by hmi
by-and-by.
1
4-
Izi
5-
HI
9 yin kung, secret desert, merit

ts'ai
6.
^|
p'tc
known
[his father's claims being
have been known before he could,

properly,
wood
known
to
to
Heaven
Heaven]
only.
ts'ai,
then, or thereon, was he enabled
his claims
must
etc.
as yet untouched
by
tools, paint, etc.; q.d., in primitive simplicity:
p'u shih, plain
:ind true, guileless.

7- J|
for
fang
2
,
a Chinese surname, taken as
some other character: huang-t'ang,

S-
9-
ffi
&
~T ho
chan* jan, dipped and dyed

liao, that agrees
its style
by a celebrated dynasty
here,
most
likely, corruptly
wild, dissolute in conduct.
with
only used morally, as here.
[the case]
is
indeed one that agrees with that
chii
hua, saying.
used
TZO ERH CHI.
270
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
XXI.
the laws
But you're not a stranger here,

If you wanted to see me, you should
surely.
have walked straight in; what occasion was
1
[Host.]
there for you to have yourself announced l at

And once you had got to the door, why
all ?
The fact is
turn back without coming in?
that you were put out, I suppose, because my
people said I was not at home, eh ? Well,
you won't see why they should have said so
unless I explain so listen.
;
2.
For some time past
our young fellows
have had a gambling club going, and they

had just been here vowing and protesting 3
that I
must attend
place, as
you
to play;
never can
in the first
Now,
too.
very well know,
haven't time
from one moment
tell
may be wanted on duty

in
next
the
and,
place, even if I had the time,
to another
jj
2.
fa
<idan,
4-
shih
announced
t'ung, passing
:
i,
through
if
against
are extremely severe,
anything were to go wrong,
my
I resolved, coilte
cotttv,
que
go to the club, let them take

6
pleased, and I told the servants
it
to
fang
6-
pj 1&
7-
^$
not to
as
they
deny
me
Well, you call, and the stupid beggars make

the same answer to you as to A or B, and
send you about your business before they

come in to say a word to me. I did send
my great annoymessenger came back and reported

that he had not been able to catch you up.
haste, but, to
after
you post
ance,
my
Now,
don't, pray, think
in this matter
denied without
(ac.,
that I
am
to
blame
do assure you that you were
my
knowledge.
from the door to the rooms within).
unity unbroken, continuity
an oath;
lai, of
time towards
ch'i shih are
used without
hsiang, as in hsiang
make oath, fa yuan, to utter a vow: the words

without the former.
ch'i shih, to
if ever,
wang*, a king or prince, the title in ancient times of the ruler

King of Corea : icang fa, the laws of the State.
til
should
to all visitors, without distinction of persons.
now only
applied to princes or tributary
rulers, e.g., the

5'
character.
So
3.
gaming
heretofore.
but the latter seldom,

]
hsiang, for some time past
coming
^f
f|< t'ung pao,

|R)
this point
3-
but I
and
lose
3
,
too
if,
but
ti, lit.,
if ; fjg is
to the
chiao*, properly, to
the abridged form.
bottom
used in various ways
compare two sides
here,
happen what might.
chi chiao, to reckon
and compare, to think over a wrong.
PART
V.
LESSON
He and
XXII.
the farthest end
were friends a long time

1
back, and then we became connected by various intermarriages; and as we had not met
1.
wanted
the door was
to
At
When
got there I asked for
my
went
in search of the
3.
$|
'
ti
ff
ta,
3-
il
hsii
ties,
alley,
but
for half
an hour.
had been knocking
10
and
he was gone somewhere or

"
when he comes home,
I,
Then," said
I called, will
"
you
But, in addition to her other infirmi-
the old
woman was
so deaf
12
that she
could hear nothing, and I was obliged to

borrow a pen and ink 14 of a small shop next
door 1S and write a note, 15 which I left, to

my friend that I had been to see him.
house according
and up a blind
to their directions,
him
tell
in.
had long removed elsewhere, and

was now residing round a corner 7 at the west
end of a certain small street.
I
"
other.
they said he
2.
home
not at
but
friend,
and no one made answer,
and called
I
it
the other, and she said that her master was
prevented
could find time until yesterday, when, as I
was passing that way, I took the opportunity 5
of calling at the house he used to live
fast,
when
last,
of the street, I found
shouting ever so long, there appeared an old

woman 11 who could not put one foot before
However, one thing or another

my going to see him, and I never
with him.
I called
though
came home from 2 the wars

hunt him up and have a chat 3
when
for years,
271
at
tell
ken', in the root, at the beginning.
as often elsewhere, from.

4
written sometimes with the 29th, sometimes with the 66th, Radical; properly, to state in order; not
used alone colloquially
hsii
fan, to converse, to chat.
*
P an c ^ 1 *) prevented, detained
-pan, to entangle, to
4-
$f
5-
Jvi
US shun pien,
following convenience
6.
JU
pan', here, for
pan
chia, to shift one's
hamper.
the opportunity presenting
home pan,
:
to
itself.
remove from one place
to another.
kidnap but probably in the combination before us confounded with the same
character written with the 75th Radical, meaning a crutch: kuai wan, crutch-like bending, round a corner.
7-
&
$jj kiiai
fjj
roof, etc.;
9-
ff
q.d.,
BH
lea
to gull, to deceive, to
Bjf
$i
c ^*' n '"' Pou-'rh,
the farthest end
the extreme point before the

1
has no meaning alone
fall
liu 1 , properly, to
commences;
ka-la-'rh in
fall,
as water after running
down a
rock,
liu 4 , a current (see Part III, 789).
Manchu means
the opening of a seam in
wood
in
Peking,
it is
used
of a cul-de-sac round a corner.

10. j|}[ ch'iao', to strike.
$&
mn', properly, an old
12.
3|
lung', deaf.
'3
H:
1 '
ko* pi*
woman
in this connexion
children call their mothers
commonly
ma
or
ma-ma:
read ehiih' pP-'rh, the
first
lao ma-'rh, a nurse.
word meaning to divide, the second,
a partition wall.
'4-
?Ji yen
4
,
the stone upon which the Chinese nib their ink;
character being an abbreviation of Part III, 785.

'5-
tzn-'rh,
a short letter or note.
commonly
called
yen-t'ai
($1
),
the latter
272
ERH
TZl
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
Keqi on your horse, sir,
1
|n-;iy
ought
havegotout of your sight.
Now, why should you go through the form of
dismounting when you are so tired ?
1.
'.
2.
what a tidy
[Junior.]
to
so nice
5.
and
sit
4.
Well,
Oh,
down a moment
But, dear
me
it's
what a show of
flowers
tier of it
has a character of
to 3
j$
in,
W yl
5.
6.
7-
8-
m
i&
A
#
9-m
10.
,i.
fpf
it
was created
13.
J|
4H
ssti,,
up
you
ling ch'ing, cold
yen*
fan
ho' ju
2
,
and
2
,
disgust
(to /ma
4
,
every
And
wan
tame
that
much
be your fellowI don't bore 9 you

I'll
Bore, indeed
[Junior.]
you
will.
it
will
be a
never asked you
you would refuse
you really are coming

fortunate 12 of men.
yuan; has no reference
to time.
purely intensive.
Sound Table (Vok
See
making a
hill
been employed
tui-te,
I, p.
13), lio, liieh,
I tin.
piled up, very nicely.
hc,n ch'iao,
very ingeniously.
lit.,
to regard as a bore, the object being wo, me, understood.
how
;
if [I
do]
often, as here, the
Ksing,
immense
felicity.
shall be the
no warmth in the thing, dull work.
properly, to create
good fortune
is
10
if
most
hua, to change, the operation of nature.

hsing*,
alone
said of a sight that causes pleasure.
and trouble
1
all
I shih, failed, to to pi.
hsii,
clear,
what say you
provided
but
hearts' thoughts, one's fancy, has
student,
score.
to come, because I feared
shmi-tzti, shih-'rh, stones
ju yen, to enter the eye
difficulty
on that
7.
And
lao, intensive of
very long time
pile, to pile
-fii
way
that I have no friend to
Well, there needn't be
[Senior.]
real blessing 11 if
diminutive of time, as here, or of quantity.
rn hsin
jjjif
off:
own
it's
to get out of the
ao yiian, very far
tui',
IjJi
hsil ehiu,
/iao
4-
pi
is
nice enough, no doubt
and studying
what say you
step in and sit

so long 8 since we met.
I'll
yes,
have, and what a stock of gold fish

5
6
your rockery, so ingeniously conceived
6.
down ?
[Senior.]
men
work.
won't you step in
sir,
It's
[Junior.]
study with,
2
you ever so far off, you wouldn't
have had me keep on my horse, would you ?
[Junior.]
looks
it
quite the place for reading
it's
everything in
library!
the misfortune
I did see
3.
like us.
Not dismount, indeed

If
but when
[Senior.]
had not seen you, well and good
XXIII.
good fortune bestowed on one by Heaven when one
PART
THE HUNDRED
V.
273
LESSONS.
LESSON XXIV.
When
met that man

manner very frank and hearty.
1.
his
first I
thought
be.
Then he
no
hu took
tion,
my
how
ask myself
withal; always setting people wrong,
11
and, however fair he might be to your face,

doing you serious damage behind the scenes.
used to
fancy greatly.
should best cultivate his
There was display enough in him, but

A dark and dangerous 10
solid qualities.
man
looked so like a gentleman that, with his fine

handsome person : and his powers of conversa2
man
12
drop into his net, and he is laid
13
on his back at once.
He has been the rum 14
Let a
acquaintance, and never ceased singing his

4
of I can't say
praises.
how many
people; more than
be constantly
15
you could count on your fingers.
3. His acquaintances, consequently, never
thrown together,6 I had occasion to observe 7

his conduct more carefully, and then began
speak of him without remarking that he is

a man to be afraid of. There is not one of
2.
But,
5
acquainted
to see that
we grew
as
by-and-by,
and we came
he was not at
to
what he ought
all
$vj k'uei*, properly, the head
better
them that he has not made
to
eminent ; a hero
3
fei wei , great, remarkable
smart.
k'uei wei, of Jarge stature
htm
chang, as to stature, a fine person.
is
<T TO
an actor or musician
i^ Si
3-
ling
li is
ya li* ch'ih, ready of speech

not used without ling.
hsien* mu*, took
my
fancy
hsien, to
li is
ling
used of any kind of cleverness
admire as superior to oneself
mu,
ling, classically,
to feel devotion to as superior
to oneself.
4-
]B? k'ua', to boast
5-
3C _L chiao shang,
6-
01 81 hurf-hun,
7-
S-
IE IS
Ia 1^ BK
"
as intercourse began or proceeded.
properly, the mingling of water.
examine and compare,
to observe.
cheng ching, of persons, rightly going, well-conducted; of things, right and proper.
in his heart,
k'ua chiang, to praise.
chiao, to
4
I? 3? won
9-
frame
is? k <a
?/*'*
AT ?S hao
k'ung, the
first
commonly read nung*
character
working out hollowness
without, an
empty
an impostor.
hsien 3 , dark and dangerous, treacherous.
not letting
too,
men go
the right
way: observe
pit kei
and various analogous constructions mean,
in Chinese, to prevent.
1
HI
3-
sault, or
ch'iian
t'ao,
a ring, circular enclosure, and a trap
a figure from hunting.
1
?$) chin , properly, the same as the 6gth Radical, a catty; here read
fall, is
not explained
upwards, on one's back
yang
it is
also
'4-
ifL li" k'eng' hai, injured
'5-
$1
jli
jg
BJJ
so used whether of
means
by
man
or beast
JJ^J
why
ke,n':
Hi yang
3
,
ken lou should
to look
upwards
mean
a somer-
yang mien,
(-M-V
to admire.
falling into
cVu'-cho chih-t'ou,
lit.,
a pit; not used except figuratively.
crooking the fingers: suan, to reckon; ch'u, to crook, crooked; hence,
often, bent by oppression.
35
274
to
TZtJ
4. He is just one
whom the proverb
heart
you may see a man's
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
of those men, in fact,
5.
"The
applies exactly,
the coat of the stomach
concealed by
is
EBH
face,
him.
have had wonderful luck
He would
me
have had
in escaping
in his grip
16
men, if I hadn't taken

great care to give him a wide berth.
for certain, like other
but you don't see
his mind."
'
Hi
lung
/o
4
:
to,
netted cords, a small net
lung
3
,
1
properly lung' , a cage
lung
only used as here,
lo,
figuratively.
LESSON XXV.
1
you take things too easy.
If you can't do what
you are asked to do,
there's an end of it; but when you have
No,
i.
really,
undertaken
a thing,
to
if
is
business
1-
what do you mean by
it
way you
get
through
-jjj p'i-,
Us P^ ying
4.
IB.
jfll
5-
%$
"fit
for
first
instance
his
mind would
you were conhis attention

and
he
have
turned
cerned,
might
to some other means of attaining his end.
your
to.
ch'eng, to promise, to undertake a commission.
hsin, earlier used as a letter,

ytl
are
set at ease, so far as
properly, wearied, exhausted; here, callous, not paying due attention
fo
eh'i, as
news
compared with
here, in
its
proper sense of to believe.
the proposition following
man'-han*, dawdling, not exerting oneself as one should.
ch'i.
Neither character in this dissyllable
is
found
from the other.

6-
up
i:g.,
plain in the
have been
3-
.i|Kirt
tie
the
you
ashamed
far
It
you, I can assure you.
4
6
6
better, instead of dawdling along in this way,
to have told the man the truth 7 plump and
your friends ever place in your promises
this
to think
feel
would have been
keeping people waiting, instead of making all

the haste in your power ? What confidence 3
will
2. And you don't seem

blame either? Well, /
^jfc
14
so* hsing: so
3
,
here so 2 , properly, a cord
although yon prefer dawdling, so hsing,
may be
7.
in combination with various words, to draw, to extort
also, to
hence, to curb or force ; so hsing, to do violence to, or curb, the natural bent of one's will, to stretch a point
fairly
-^
make an
effort, stretch
a point, and
rendered "nevertheless," or "in spite of the fact that"

3
citing
properly, the light of the sun
(see
tell
him the real truth
Part VI, Chapter
kuang-ching, circumstances.
in
some
XXI, Note
6).
in>!
PART
V.
275
LESSON XXVI.
1
What
all
is
about
this
The affair
yet, and if it
headlong random
me
has not even assumed shape 1

2
had, a little delay would make no difference.
should you take the initiative in pressing one

so violently on the subject ?
The grand
2.
prematurely,
mind
of
It
it.
'
2.
3
in
is
made up
it's
cery,
whatever. 8
am
so
my
by getting
nature
my
If
constituted
must be
left
make me
act
head into chan-
decline
to
all
action
our friend has confidence
in
let him bide my time

if
he has not, let
him apply to someone else to do his business
who would prevent him ? 10
should be carefully considered again and again,

and that one should give out nothing until
one's
however,
But,
that in anything I undertake

If people try to
unfettered. 6
essential is that a question
would have
fashion you
talk.
3.
the party principally interested is in

no hurry whatever about it, so why on earth
Besides,
me,
as to the proper solution
does not do to begin talking in the
'H 3& y u ying,

j
,-h'ih', late.
IP|
SL shang
to
have a shadow, which a thing cannot have
ch'ieh,
a strong affirmative
q.d.,
till it
has form or shape.
the cheng ching, rightful principal in the
affair,
even he
is
no hurry.
4
press,
is
|[
ts'ui', to
urge on;
what reasonableness
Je
3t
Jg
pi', to press, to constrain: that
fi^ hu"-li-ma?-li-ti > in
5-
>r$)
6.
rh'an', to tie a cord
^=f
Jf
Hfj
^P tuan* pu, a strong dissent
"
fjii}
character
10.
is
5i&
shih, to get or
le
fang
3
,
if,
but
2
,
hsiert,
moving before he
does, urgently
if
a wild, irregular fashion.
about persons or things.
become
the fruit after the blossom has fallen.
solid, as
on no account, under no circumstances.
not used colloquially without
used interchangeably with
JUJ /an
you should
$jj[
in Lesson
properly, to stop with the hand
XXI, Note
to hinder.
jo,
5.
and then, as
general
rule,
disjunctively.
This
ERH
276
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON XXVII.
Ah! you
know
yet [that there

are other men as able as you are] this fondness for feats of strength is all along of your
1
youth the heyday is in the blood but when
1.
don't
2.
tell
I'll
full
of heart.
you
my own
case
all
gave them up, and for this reason. My elder

brother was equally fond of these gymnastics; 5
it
fell
One
lame
in with a
15
jerked
he
man who had come in from

who was a swordsman, and
the country 8 and
and
thing,
but before he
his foe
w;is
tried to dodge,
he
under the throat and
him a
10
great distaste for the
I left off learning too.
shows, doesn't
ing that there
in the empire ?
they proposed, one to the other, that they

should have a trial of skill each man to use
in,
to a considerable distance.
This gave
5.
uncle's,
the
the lame man's blade
and as he
upon
was caught u by
and he was so
my
it
his neck,
day, however, at
deli-
12
haste to draw the lance
could recover
that not one in a score could
get within his guard.

3.
lance,
took his lance in his
straight across, and the

13
piece broke off at the j oint. My brother made
handy with
He
this.
lance was snapped
was once
weapon was the
made nothing of 11 an
hurrying himself the least in the world,

berately parried the thrust with his sword
2
very fond of martial exercises, and I used to
3
practise them every day but after a time I
his
brother
hand and made a thrust straight at the lame

man's heart.
But the lame man, without
you have met with a few reverses, naturally,

you won't be so
my
antagonist like
Well,
4.
it,
is
that I
am
But
this
right in maintain-
no dearth of powerful men
10
the weapon
he was accustomed
to.
i
[
wang', properly, bright ; colloquially, of anything that is succeeding, or at its best
See above, Lesson XIV, Note 1
blood and breath, the constitution, which is wang, in its prime.
ih,
un 9
chin, to
move the
up some
practice or habit.
muscles.
ken ch'ien, here, of getting at the person of the opponent

7-
J4
chiti*, one's
8.
1^
i'ttn
9H
10.
12.
l,:o,
ch'i*,
ken (Wien^-'rh, not ch'ien*-'rh.
originally, allotments of land granted to soldiers.
lame, whether of a person or an animal.
a weapon, an implement, a utensil.
5R 51
j^ ch'a',
maternal uncle.
a village
rh'iieh',
individual
13-
fll
na
'
!'-'
rh
yu
' <a i i
n n ' s mind where had he him
he held him cheap.
Observe the idiom, ch'i, even;

a character not recognised by the dictionaries; a crack or split.
The tone of ch'a varies.
ch'i-ko-ch'a-rh-ti, in the manner of cracks evenly separating.
ch'a, crack
:
as in Part IV, Dialogue III, 119.

fjf she', not che',
1
14. Tfc chia , not to be confounded with chia? (Part III, 309); to keep fast hold
the arm, in the leaves of a book, etc.
*51
6.
to practise in order to proficiency.
hsieh shou, to rest the hand, to give
1 *
here, of the hsieh ch'i,
5.
to pa?-shih, to do feats of strength or of anus a good authority explains pa to be the hand or arm
ff iC
the condition, or circumstances, in which the arm is placed while performing martial exercises (?).
si,
9.
ffi
1*
ch'u, to jerk
jJH ch'tl*, pleasing
away
savour, taste.
liao, properly, to
put down, to
let fall.
of,
as between the finders, under
PART
V.
277
LESSON XXVIII.
No,
1.
1
you are too extravagant;
really,
can't help taking
fulness
you
man wants
if
to task for
accustom himself
to
to
economy
of
like
at
money
and fancy
in everything.
men
you and myself can't

your millionaires, who have plenty
Besides,
3.
go on
he must
live,
2
your waste-
your servants ? I wonder the very

of
such waste doesn't make you
thought
dishes,
to
you'll
uneasy.
2.
self about,
fact
my
that
is
you trouble youreating the rice. You

all
friend, is
not,"
before
arrives here
it
to get a single grain
la TO sheng-chien
f?f kou', a ditch, a sewer,
4'
|f
a grain of
IS
li*,
6.
$&
fc'wn.
or
3
,
Old men
"
Waste not want

and be your luck
as good as you
11
if you don't become a better
manager,
tell
us,
10
12
it
that you don't starve 13 in the

will be too late to repent when
long run; it
that day comes.
extravagance, also pretentiousness: she-ch'ih, wastefulness.
a kennel
kou yen, a kitchen sink, the head of a drain.
tow rope by which the crew
ch'ien*, the
the variety of your
or chien-sheng, economy.
3-
5-
to
no easy matter.
is
she', extravagance; ffi ch'ih*
8
but
you'll not only have no luck,
look to
such trouble that even
please,
ignore altogether the trouble people have had

4
it
growing it, and tracking
up the canal,
this
beggar yourself to boot.
4.
The
eat
you habituate yourself to

of living, eating for ever 8
If
your present way

and without limit
it
command, who
their
that.
Instead of throwing the rice you don't eat

into the kennel, 3 wouldn't it be better to
give
like
la,
drag the
vessel.
rice.
k'un 3
properly, to tie
up persons or things
here, q.d.,
put a stopper on the mouth to prevent
eating.
7-
!! 31
8.
fjf che, as in
meant one
9-
lo
1 '
chin
t'ou,
extreme end, farthest
Lesson XVII, Note
limit.
to
16,
snap
off:
che fu, to do a
damage to the happiness which Heaven
to enjoy.
fa
hsi
fi
O /"
fa
&
|$!
fi
i,
to be fond of one's clothes
t'ien,
hence, to save or spare them.
the field of your blessings, the region of your luck
hui kuo, to
know how
a Buddhistic expression.
to get through jih-tztt, one's days, understood
to take proper care of one's
money.
12.
'3' jSf
ai
2
,
an embankment: tifang cho, be on your guard.

to suffer: the
shang auxiliary, and marking progress of time
you
will
come
to suffer hunger.
TZ& ERH
278
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON XXIX.
i.
What
[Neighbour.]
is
the use of stow-
2.
your money away so safe and never

spending any? a hundred years, if a man
live so long, are past in the twinkling of an
knowledge of my
mere speculation ?
ing
How
eye.
few days,
ourselves a
before
it
or
is
indeed the
it
all
man
out, with
enough
would be quite right that I
We had
fit for nothing.
use of our time, then, and occupy
other people have ? Would you have me run

in debt 5 for dress, or eat myself out of house
little
we grow
in
and home
Supposing that I did what you

recommend, what would become of me when
all my gear was gone and I was left bemoan-
with the table and the toilet
When
old.
sinews are become
stiff,
our bones and
dress don't
become
what pleasure
circumstances
is
is
there hi
No
that
all
life
to avoid excess,
is
us, we have no great relish for what we eat,

and we have to do our children's bidding; 3
on a man
to spare,
pray,
I
should enjoy myself like other people; but

how if I have not the money and estate that
any enjoyment
2
we become
light
make
Were
me
make
money you
and
body of mine have
affairs,
the space of a flash of
best
of
say to myself, will
this vagrant dream-stuff 1
Are you speaking with any
[Host.]
my lot in such misery that death would

be a blessing ? And if, which is most likely,
I did not die, but was to drag on existence
ing
under such
with just enough breath left to live, how

should I support myself? If I turned to you,
incumbent
and then, when
we know what we have got to spend,4 it is

quite proper that we should enjoy ourselves
would you
listen to
my
application
to a certain extent.
'
?? 3i fou
3
slieng, life, as if
to dazzle
on waves, ju meng, like to a dream.
the action of any strong light upon the eyes.
5Jk
huang
3-
@l!i
ch'ouP-eho, regarding our children's chins, watching
4-
J5f
so ti
5-
chai*, debt; hence, chai-chu, debt-proprietor, a creditor.
6.
EH
t'an', to sigh
[but] 10,000 to
*he fin, portion, that
not dying,
we have
what they
say,
we
pass our days.
got.
a breath of the mouth
to heave a sigh
k'ou
ch'i,
still
having breath I should live; rightly, possibly,
and then
how should
to die, that
I live?
would be well
PART
V.
279
LESSON XXX.
1.
2.
Who
[Senior.]
had a curly 12 beard that.

covered his whole chin, and he talked as if
He said something
his tongue was too short. 18
to me, and I was within an ace of bursting 14
has been here to-day?
marks,
[Junior.] Two visitors came just after

the house, sir; they came to con-
left
you
you, they said, on your promotion.

Who went out to speak to
[Senior.]
gratulate
3.
them
11
too; he
out laughing.
7.
who can the
"Gentlemen, will you walk in and sit

down ? " but they declined and went away
and they each
8.
I said,
9.
5.
[Senior.]
6.
[Junior.]
little taller
What were they like ?

One was a stout 3 man,
than you
5
with a beard
up
he had a square
to his temples, 4
where
face,
prominent
[Senior.]
is
know, but
a card. 15
Wait, and
I will
at, sir.
Dear me that monkey, 16 eh

!
he from,
You
wonder?
fellows
must not look down on him, though. His

form may be as crooked 17 as you please, but
he is very able with his pen, and he has all
his wits about him 18 he has long had a repu-
sir,
left
asked them their names,
[Junior.]
bring you the cards to look
again.
man
[Senior] The stout

other be ?
was standing 2 at the door

4. [Junior.]
at the time I told them you were out, and
I
and a dark, ruddy complexion. 7 The

other was quite a figure of fun; shockingly
eyes,
tation, that
8
with
dirty; but one eye, and he squinted
that his face was densely pitted 9 10 with pock-
man you
;
can name him to no
one that has not heard of him.
'
3-
jE
&
2}5
31
tao hsi, to offer congratulations.

lai-cho, auxiliary of
4-
5?
pin*, the temples
5-
hu', the beard.
6-
?9 ~f
7-
tzil
lien pin, connected
pao'-tzil, properly, a leopard

}
purple
fang'
3j
1
4 hsieh slanting
8-
9-
|M
chiang*, flour paste.
%$
c/t'ow
2
,
with the temples.
applied to prominent eyes, not in the sense of ferociousness.
a species of crab
tree,
diverging from the right
10.
chan-cho ; so below, after wen, to ask.
ffi p'ang*, fleshly, corpulent.
the
line,
wood
of which
is
mahogany
coloured.
whether perpendicular or horizontal.
standing thick together.
ft "? ma'-tzU, a man
pitted with small-pox, the
marks of which were chiang
ch'ow, close together, like the
of over-boiled rice.
I2
J
3-
$
P$
&
I'hiian 3
mao, curly-haired: chiian, to
Si yao
-cho she-'rh;
lit.,
curl, to roll up.
biting his tongue, unable to speak out, clipping sounds, especially
!ln>
Crh.
'4
Pl[ Pit p'u
ch'ih 1 , the
sound of laughing; the
first
character
is
not found in dictionaries.
chW
properly, offioe, department:

miny (note the tone), properly, one's official
one's card, whether it bear one's title or not.
See also ming-p'ien.
'5-
'?
Iff!
chili
liou*,
3?
wai', deflected, crooked; the opposite of cheng, upright: wai-wai niii-niii, turning
title,
but uswl
now
of
a monkey.
and
twisting.
$y t'ao', properly, the case for a bow; to put the bow in its case; it would then be concealed;
sense of to ponder, to devise t'ao liieh, concealed devices ; specially stratagems in war.
18.
liieh,
in the
280
TZU ERH CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON XXXI.
1.
[(Senior.]
2.
[Junior.']
What!
Oh
are
you not
off'
yet
My travelling baggage and other traps

are all packed 2 right enough; what I am a
to you.
by.
short of
little
expenses/'
leaving
money to pay my travelling

believe to-day in the truth of
is
the saying that
it's
easier to
go up a
hill after
4.
no purpose
your
I couldn't get anyone to lend

the money. So in my extremity, sir, I'm
come to look for you, to beg you to oblige me
with a slight loan either of money or of some
;
As soon
and
3.
[Senior.']
when you did;
lucky
you came
to
me
mise
you had been a little later

you would not have been in time. I happen
to have in hand a few ounces that have just 8
been brought in from the country; you take
'
&[
2.
3'/.<'..
if
ch'i shen, to
3
3H
Jig cheng
SH:
$5
to
li,
first
care be to keep on good terms with

10
;
show kindness
who
serve under
rest.
hand. 11
interest.
It is
am.
If you get on ground where you

turn
a
may
penny, never forget that reputation is the grand essential, and hold your
the
as I return I shall
[Junior.]
you, without distinguishing between those who

are in more immediate contact with you and
pawn.
do myself the honour of repaying you both 6
principal
By
home
the way, tell me, are you not

now for the first time ?
the friends you live amongst

to all the common employes
me
article to
weigh them out
I'll
tea,
When you
use.
your
Well, then, a word in your

5. [Senior.]
the
line
to take when you are
ear;
right
9
going to a distance from home is this. Let
a tiger than it is to begin speaking about

a thing one wants. I have been begging with
the greatest effrontery in every direction, but
to
for
have drunk your
be off by-and-
I shall
them
the half of
12
6.
Ill-gotten gain will seriously comproa good name.

I fully appreciate the value
[Junior.]
of your advice,
days
I shall
and
sir,
never forget
to
the end of
my
it.
be in movement for a journey.
put in proper order
for
p'an ch'an", travelling expenses
to-tzti,,
see
Part III, 417.
p'an, see p'an fei, Part III, Exercise
XV,
7,
Obs. 4
ch'an, to tie
tied in your girdle, about your waist.
hands on, to make prisoners
4-
wi
ch'in*, to lay
5-
6?
BJt tang'-t'ou,
6.
7-
(see
wild beasts
Jfc
hu 3 a
,
tiger,
commonly
called loo
hu
a something that will stand for money at the tang-p'u, pawnshop.
ffi ping*, collected together
tender back
of, evil-doers,
pen
li,
principal
and
interest, i ping, entirely
and
together, will I fang huan,
Part III, 990, 995).
hsing*, fortunate, auspicious; k'uei, to be deficient, has not here
any translatable meaning:
hting-k'uei,
luckily.
9.
10.
~H $t fang ts'ai, just now fang (Radical 70), then.

>t Pf yuan men, as if it were li men yuan, far from your own
:
J^
T '
^ Jl
12.
not so here
sh
eh'ang, the
hand
long, too far reaching
hsi 1 , properly, to connect as

:
door.
ch'u 3 to dwell in or amongst; not to be confounded with ch'u*, a place.
kuan
hsi, to
have relation
let
not this be.
by threads; very commonly
to, to affect, to
concern
in books, the verb to be, the participle being; but
but always of evil consequences.
PART
V.
281
LESSON XXXII.
1.
When
[Senior.]
from the country,

2.
or
sir,
been here some days.
I've
I
[Senior.]
your return,
1 1
12.
never heard a word about
in
should have called on
hear, sir;
was not
It
we
you
likely
live so far
[Junior.]
this
1
from one
Wasn't there a
first, and then of drought?

All mere report 7 no truth
;
Take black pulse alone
it.
low
[Junior.]
4.
How odd
[Senior.]
ten cash or so a sheny
yon long ago.

should
talk of floods 8 there
sir ?
[Junior.]
3.
did you come in
many
14.
down
it is
to
has not been so
it
years.
You
[Senior.]
3.
don't say so
But do say so.

Well, in that case, the next
I
[Junior.]
and, besides, you have your

duties to attend to.
official
[Senior]
time you send there, please buy a few piculs
me
to ask
of pulse for me
out the account,
another
hereabouts your military allotment

6.
Will you allow
[Senior.]
5.
\\
ion of
[Junior.]
8.
9.
By
[Senior.]
[
the Liu-li River,
Junior.]
[Senior.]
'hilili
c^* **^>
tiao*, properly,
I l"î properly,
shu
belonging
ji
fc
6.
f? lao*, to flood
7-
&
9-
the nest of a large bird
to
domineer
to,
under the authority
^| sheng
Iff ts'ao
jj|J
with rain
but
1
,
1
,
a measure
(see
works
deep
it
much
be
will
better to have
for
it
it
111
at the rates they are
not used alone colloquially

;
here, the
name
tiao
yuan,
tar
otl.
of a district in the province of
of.
here, the
Part IV, Dialogue VIII, Note
name
of a river.
yao
fruit or grain.
5).
yen, gossip, idle report.
the tenth of the tou.
a trough, whether for water or forage
it is
pay you
hence, Iff jH, domineering
han, dry
I'll
from down yonder at half-price
*hou ch'eng, in-gathered in a state of completeness, used only of crops, whether of
fe yao*, properly, to sing as one
horse trough
'o.
fi
the
indeed;
me,
you'll tell
cost you.
and
properly, confused, like pure and turbid water mingling
/urn
well
if
brought
than to be paying
charging us here.
in
properly speaking, what day of the inoon
to feed
Very
[Junior.]
it
and when you have made
1 6.
[Junior.] Aye; you are right. I sec
have
a number of horses standing in your
you
9
stables, which, of course, you must have pulse
No by the Hun * River.

And how have the crops
harvest has been perfect.
<
is it
5.
whatever
a place in the jurisdic-
It's
turned out there this year
3'
is ?
Pa 3 Chou.
7.
10
incorrect to put the
name
ts'ao shang, in the stable,
speaking of any cattle
ma
of any other animal before ts'ao.
chien 3 , to diminish.
36
ts'ao, a
TZD ERH CHI.
282
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON XXXIII.
1.
buy a good
to see
you buy a horse
If
[Senior.]
and then
one,
in the stable
it
it
but
at
all,
will be a pleasure
waste forage
why
on the keep of a such a screw
as this?
him, and
tried
there
From what you say on the
quite clear to me that you don't

horse when you see one.
A good
know a
horse must have his legs

to
hard work
hunting
i-
is
is.
am
Well, but what
nothing for
I
it
16
for,
I to
do ?
and so
but to see to his keep,
have no business of much
importance to take me out, nor any that

There's
sends me a great way from home.
one point in his favour, he has no vice 17 s<
sound, must be equal

he should know the drill of the
he'll
and he should be well-shaped
him than on
field,
in the legs that,
bought and paid
is
such as he
it's
subject
and so gone
[Junior.]
The horse
sure-footed.
[Senior]
12
13
always coming down with him.
are
4.
3.
this beast of
14
as yours,
Besides, with a figure as unwieldy
1B
horse for you.
he is not at all a suitable
*
practice he didn't swerve a hair's breadth off
the course or within it he has a good mouth,
is
is
He's old in the teeth, with his lower
they
and he
10
yours
would do well enough to ride his amble was

even 3 his gallop was fast at the archery
;
will mount, with

on his back, and away he flies
the hawk; 9 a sight worth looking at. 11
fellows
7
jaw drooping,
found that he
young
But what manner of horse
and
walls
of your fine
like
[Junior.]
I
That's the sort of horse that one
his quiver
You don't know his points,

do for when they brought 2 the
sir, but
horse home yesterday I took him outside the
2.
and handy.
>
answer
my
foot, at
any
better to be on
It's
purpose.
rate.
18
ill ts'an\ a word disparaging appearance: ts'an-t'ou, speaking of men, a blockhead; here, simply poor-looking.
xood-for-nothing.
2.
3-
sf
ch'ien 1 , to drag, or to lead along, animals.
tien', here, to
amble, like a horse or mule: tien
wen, his amble
te
is
secure, even;
wen 3
stable, not t"
he shaken.
4:t
trench
5-
Ji kuo 3
;
if
f?c
properly, to
wrap round with cord
he swerve outwards, he
3
t'ui -tz&
"?
is
said to chang,
if
in the Chinese riding-school the horse gallops along
or cloth:
inwards, to
kito.
can only be applied to beasts, or the legs of tables, chairs,
etc.
for the
common form
of t'ni,
see Part III, 442.

67^'
ying hsiung*, a hero, a
fife
4
K|
c/ti
fi&
=&
J$
ying
to bind on, to tie
sa-tai,
1
9-
10
1 1-
12.
JjpJ
kuan
$\L ta
'3- Ijif ffe

'4-
'5-
49
'6-
51?
'^-
1
,
<''('
rarely,
fesi
4
.
a quiver.
lit.,
one
sort, like.
to look at, to attend to

la,
hanging down; both
but kuan*, a Taoist temple.

characters used corruptly.
shih, to miss the footing forward
this horse
i'ere, is
in the habit of, tripping.
pin, of the body, clumsy.

2
^JL hsiang i , suited.
J!>t
''hiang ehiu, here
word that means

'7- /t
more
a falcon.
$x ipan;
fine fellow.
also pronounced, but
to
move from one
means, by an
effort to
make
a thing suit; chiang being corruptly used for another
place to another.
honest; of horses and like animals, quiet, harmless.
1C
tao-*At/i,
3JC
chiu ching, seeking to the end
after
all.
I'AUT V.
283
LESSON XXXIV.
1.
cloak of sable
2.
the
Where
[Senior.]
in a
shop
No
[Junw-t:]
did
you buy that

it
bought
at one of
How much did you give for it?
4.
[Junior.]
5.
[Senior.]
Guess.
It's
all
it
[Junior.]
5
hundred, and went up, and when
hundred and
fifty,
got to two
man let me have it.

What could have made
7. [Senior.]
so cheap ?
I remember
fur
the colour
and smooth;
thick
so
is,
and the
then the hair
7
along the edges is quite even the lining is
a piece of thick satin, 8 the figure on that is of
;
ii
new
cloak
pattern, and, to
itself
fitting you,
it
L
2
ffi
to all this, the
couldn't have fitted
had been made
if it
add
of the latest fashion.
is
As
to
you better
Mine that's worth nothing.

a cloak by courtesy, but that's
!
it.
is
The
hair
faded
!)
is
coming
wear
can't
if
Well, well,
[Junior.]
that's
the
10
pay-day.
Oh! I'm too much a man
[Senior.]
of the past to be nice about dress; all I require

is
something to keep me warm. You are one
of the younger
career. 11
It's
fellows just
quite right for
commencing a
you to put on
good clothes and turn out smart on a leve'e

13
day but if I were to dress in that way, we
li!
won't say how I should look

I should be
so uncomfortable as well.
Besides, we who
;
have got military duty to do have no occasion

for fine clothes.
We just put on anything
it
we
for you.
marten or
tiao', the
!} _t miao
you
you must get yourself a good one next

11.
it
some time ago the

of such a cloak as this was as
hundred ounces.
Why, just
case,
the
common price
much as five
look at it; how deep
sir,
with the fur outside.

10.
began with an offer of two
it
and the colour
out,
worth at least 4 three
call
one can say for
hundred ounces.
6.
don't forget,
[Senior.]
9.
You can
[Senior.]
If
[Junior.]
used to have one.
fairs.3.
8.
may
be
old, or
it
may want mending,
are quite satisfied with
it all
but
the same. 14
sable.
shang, in the temple; one of two temples in Peking where fairs are held on certain days every
month.
3-
Jra
t'ai', to guess.
4-
3!
7 B? chihpu
come up
5'
cfet
4
,
most not complete, farthest from completeness, at the very
least: rhi, to complete, to
to.
'fife
t'ien', to
" ^B
is
7-
add.
51 ^ M0
tao-'rh, the fur: too,
not translatable by any of the meanings ordinarily assigned it.

feng mao, the fur edge that projects beyond the silk or satin lining on which the fur is laid
even and regular, as if cut with a knife it also means complete, or in a state of readiness.
JSH
ch'i chidi.
8.
iJU tuan*, satin.
shao*, the tip of anything; also used in the sense of to carry, as a note or a
one's proper business or errand.
9-
10.
ffl
ffi ffag', official salary; kuan, probably in its original sense of to bar, to bolt; when the finy, official salary to
is assigned to
you Icuan fcng is now used to mean simply drawing one's allotted pay or rations.
which you are limited,

1
'
EL &n pa
-
ijiJJ
'3
im^si^v, but in excess of
chieh, here, to
'ff ch'ao hui,
make an
effort to
a levê at court.
ffi pan*, to dress.
'4- ilK
too,
notwithstanding,
all
the same.
get on in one's career.
TZU ERH CHI.
284
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON XXXV.
a friend who
I've
1.
He was
nerve.
is
man
10
out
open the doors of a standing-press
of this he took a large quantity of clothes,
n
12 13
clapped them under his arm,
hopped out
of the window, and away he went.
of great
to
lying one summer's night
with the window propped open, 1 and in the

midst of his slumbers he became sensible that
2
He opened
something was making a noise.
3
to see what it was, and there, in
his eyes
the bright moonlight, was an elfin thing 4
14
whole body
eyes, its
hair
white as snow, and
if this
be taking clothes, I should think and he

was discussing this phenomenon with himself
;
when the
Such an apparition suddenly 8 presenting itself to my friend as he was startled out

of his sleep 7 made him jump considerably.
me
Dear
him
"
said he,
quietly
and
"
it's
a ghost
what
see
let
fell
f|p knifing*,
Bj- chen-g*, to
4-
$>f
17
lit,
j?
come
8-
9-
10
81
3>
"fjlf
3
,
hit'
%&
to
kind of
Note
4,
of streams mingling in confusion,
such plants; should probably be written

dishevelled hair, tumbled, confused.
flag; in disorder like the foliage of
c,hing hsing, to
(sung
),
be startled out of one's
sleep.
fan, suddenly, abruptly, unexpectedly.

;
3
generally pronounced ch'iao' or ch'iao
kuei, a standing-press.
jfc
ffif
11-
$$
BR
rkia', to
12-
wake
rh'iao*, still, quiet

'*
anyone he might,
affairs, business.
p'eng*, here y'cHj', a
hsing
19
across.
with the same radical as the following character,

7-
it
ghost in order to frighten
see him, Lesson XXXII,

5 J? &S
shin, the entire person
'indistinguishable; q.d., all parts of the person without distinction.
6-
ground with a loud ai-ya.

servants were called, and the lamp
The
open the eyes.
wu*, things, animate or inanimate

tw
My
again.
3-
'
once
prop up, to keep from falling by putting a stick under.

sound of any kind it may be used alone, or as here, in composition.
J|j chih\ to
in
15
turned out that the ghost a

M
good joke, really was a thief, who, intending
to rob the house, had disguised himself as a
went hopping about, but before very long he began
2.
to the
being
us watch
Well, for a time the ghost
3.
at
5.
he takes."
line
came
and gave the

jumped up
creature a blow with a sword, 16 on which it
2.
"
gallows-bird
friend
its
confusion. 6
all in
Come, thought my friend to himself,

were a bond fide ghost he would not
4.
hopping towards him, with a face the colour

of yellow paper, blood running out of its
5
put under the arm
chih*, the upper part of the
read hsia*, to put pressure on a superior.
arm; not used
alone, nor without the characters here immediately preceding
;ind following.
13.
wo', a nest or
14.
an 4
<& meHg\
5-
'6
secret:
den of bird or beast
an
fierce,
courageous
meng jan, moving
JJ
yao*-tao, a sword, not a dagger.
7-
fl?,
8-
^ ku
19-
JHf
$fc
3
0^ hu
chao, the
i,
ko-chih wo, the armpit.
hsiang, thought to himself.
moment
rapidly,
q.tl.,
without fear
[the light] shone on him.
with intent, designedly.
to intimidate;
with hsia, to frighten; hu must not be intonated.
it also
means suddenly,
<T
\'
PART
THE HUNDRED
V.
285
LESSONS.
LESSON XXXVI.
While we were so engaged,
Well, gentlemen, as ghosts have been

your subject of conversation, I'll tell you a
curious thing now. Your stories are all out
1.
of story-books
mine
an adventure
is
of
of a sudden the
my
4.
own.
Everyone was aghast
we were
Some
at the sight,
getting out of the way,
all for
and
when
years ago I and some friends

had been outside the city for a walk, and we
an uncle 8 of mine shook his hand 9 and stopped

"
us before we had time to move.
Stand up, 10
were on our way home again when we came to

a large cemetery 2 that was by the road-side it
and don't be
2.
was in a very tumble-down condition walls 3

and buildings in a state of utter dilapidation
but inside the enclosure there was a fine thick 4
;
"
"
this
S?
'
fll
Jg
6-
89-
I0
"
4
,
close together
iE chung
wi
shu-shu,
-^ pai
fi chan
ao 1
curious,
Observe the numerative
tso.
ch'iang-yiian, a wall, not necessarily large.
also, secret.
is
larger than that,
and probably distinguished us
it
catches anything.
father's
younger brother.
wave the hand.
chu, literally, stand and stop; don't go.
here, a
sound to express that of the

was the god Terminus.
first
syllable in aopo, or 060, a
Mongolian word
for
boundary
spirit disturbed
4
,
i2
has
eh
to thank.
many meanings;
1
here, a
ceremony:
liao (see Part III, 774.)
~T
5-
too 3 , properly, to pray for happiness.
6.
chi\ properly, to
make an
or either without the other.
hsieh-i, a thank-offering.
dien here, to pour out.
'4-
itt'ering,
saw myself
not recognised by the dictionaries
my
shou, to
tfi
12.
'3
fli
TJ[$
it ?
of metal.
ffi leng*, stupefied
wasn't
a cup; the same as chung, Part III, 221; this
J2- hit', the sound of fire as
The
line.
yiian', properly, a large wall
^ mi
7-
yilan, a grave enclosure, a cemetery.
St
4-
being made
for
ching kuo, to have passed through.
3-
5-
went out immediately.

5. This was a thing
and drink.
to eat
ls
us go in and rest awhile;" and we

out
the
fruit and other eatables we had
put
brought with us, and sat ourselves down in
and began
there used
Leave a thank-offering 12
15
to the spirit at the same time and
praying
the flame of the wine that had been in a blaze
place; let
front of the tomb,
"
;
a nice cool
is
he
So saying, he hastily filled

alighted here."
a cup with wine and poured a libation, 16
trees of every kind.
So," said we,
3.
'
the spirit on the boundary 11 of his jurisdiction;' and the spirit of this spot has now
growth of
frightened," said
to be a saying,
<
all
wine we had in our cups 6 blazed up of itself,

with a purring sound, like a thing on fhv.'
offering of
meat
f|
tien
4
,
to pour a libation
chi lien, to offer a
meat and drink
286
TZfr
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON XXXVII.
1
3.
buy
were followed by apparitions 7 and the women

*
in the family were so scared by their constant
do you inquire?
of mine wants to
encounters" with these horrors that some of
house
is
[Senior.]
Why
[Junior.]
A. friend
them
The house
[Senior.]
An
haunted.
it
is
uninhabitable
elder brother of
once on a time, and a
live there
house
mine did
fine spacious
seven rooms in front,
is;
the other exorcists n were
and
and
in
good order.
when the
came
But
go
five
came
to be
'
ffi
-'">
Well, you know,
and
the house
sir,
this is
if there be any by,

keep out of sight,
and have no power to hurt. On the other
hand, he is a very timorous subject, that friend
spirits,
into
of
mine
heard
it
but as time went on sounds
originally, a place;
let
12
after his death,
heard in broad daylight;
[Junior.]
5.
of a sudden ghosts and hobgoblins

commenced their antics 6 there. They were not
first,
of no use either,
was nothing for it but to

anything it would fetch.
because the owner was not in luck's way.

When a man has luck with him, these evil
rebuilt, all
bad at
for
on the spirits
all
place
my nephew's hands,
4
according to his account, the side buildings
5
got out of repair, and though he had them
so
10
so there
rows of buildings from front to rear, all distributed as they ought to be in a dwellinghouse,
The wise women
actually died of fright.
called in only wasted their arts
it.
4.
it's
that
sort of
opposite yours
2.
What
[Junior.]
it,
will
I shall tell
and then
him the
I shall
truth as I have
have done
my duty
be for him to buy the house or not, as
he sees
fit.
these
here, a collective
numerative of fang-1%9,;
all
the buildings in the house being
included in the question.
2-
i&
3-
PI (S
4- Jfj|
ti
shih, the circumstances of the ground, its dimension, condition, etc.
TOCTI
mien, not the face of the gate, but the gate-face, the face in which the gate stands.
hsiany', the lesser buildings that
commonly
flank the central
building at right angles to
it
not used
colloquially without fang.

5- ft!" ts'ao*,
6.
VjL sui*,
4
colloquially, in disrepair; 'H^ ten , tattered, dilapidated,
properly, evil done spontaneously
7-
Jf? hsing', the outer, or visible, form.
8-
W)
9-
Ia
7 W)
un 9 P u
IS Si chuang
Wfc
1$
t'i"
tung, on every occasion
k'o, to run
up
by
spirits
began their pranks.
against.
shcn, the act of female exorcists; they stand on a table and affect by
*>
}ff5
tso-ch'i siti lai, [the spirits]
Ian, all in ruins.
used only in speaking of unpleasant occurrences.
mm ing the limbs, to attract the spirits to themselves.

" jfs HI sun9 su to see the sui, the evil influence,
'2.
worn out: U'ao
t'iao,
posture-making,
to the door; also the act of exorcists, male or female.
hsieh", deflected, sloping; hence, moral depravity, depraved.
PART
V.
287
LESSON XXXVIII.
1.
That string 1 of beads 2 of

said I would take away I
[Junior.]
that I
sir,
yours,
5.
[Junior.]
6.
[Senior.]
7.
[Junioi:]
How
They're
have never taken.

haven't you ?
I have been here several
Why
2.
[Senior.]
3.
[Junior.]
it's
So
you what I was going to do, after

could take the beads with a clear
conscience. 5
return for
buy anything you fancy in

your liberality, and if it's something
2E
'
can
tell
p'an, not as in Part III, 190
them, and where were they ? not a sign

of them to be seen I don't know who stole
for
what do you say ?

If
4. [Senior.]
you had just carried off
the beads whether I was at home or not, it
;
better, I
Ah
12
wainscoting of the stove-bed, and I forgot to
put them by. When I came in I went to look
not to be got in the shops, I shall do

best to hit upon a means of procuring it for
would have been
[Senior.]
I
I'll
you somewhere or other
There
they were doomed to

be lost.
was going into the garden one day
last month, and they were hanging against the
8.
r.hat is
my
pity
had made them quite bright and smooth. 11

You ought to have put them away in the
press when you hadn't them in your hand.
telling
which
what a
it
came
to-day for the express purpose of seeing you
and
lost.
being carried about daily, they had become

saturated 10 with the sweat 9 of the hand, and
you were not to be found.
as
Oh,
beads enough in the world, but 8

seldom one sees any like those. From
are p'u-t'i
but you were not at home, and I

couldn't think of taking your things without
4
saying a word to you and that was impossible,
times,
do you mean
1:t
them. 14
you.
snakes p'an, coil themselves
p'an
is
here a coil or set of beads.
4
fjjj su
properly, sung* ; pronounced su, it means to recite, as the Buddhists do their books; ffi chu', a
bead su-ehu, properly, the Buddhist chaplet. The character for su given in this note is the correct one.
2.
<ir
3-
is is
w)
every time
tsao' tsao,
T^1 '1
"
4'
e5
5-
9$ Aao
6.
Pg
7-
^ />V,
8-
i|J cfo'Mcfo or
2
>
lit,
to be reticent
every rencounter.
han, to hold in the mouth
having told you, I could then without
hu, in the sense of mystery, confused.
wrong take them away.
hai 1 an exclamation.
,
merely gives the sound of the

c/i'io:
observe
its
first
relation
syllable of p'u-t'i, a Thibetan word.

to sui, although,
and
its
place after the subject of the
verb
it,
immediately precedes.
9-
rf
man
ou*, to saturate
"
^ kuang
5t
!2.
Ifjlj
wall
han*, sweat of
'- \%
or beast.
}^
t'ou, to
penetrate thoroughly.
hua*, bright, glossy: hua, properly, to
slip, slippery.
properly, ch'a', the planking at the end of the stove bed,
cli'a*,
not used except as in the combination p'ai-ch'a.
13- Bf; tsung',
man's footprint: tsung ying, footprint
14. WJ- ehiao
by whom
they were stolen.
;tii(I
shadow.
when but one end
of this rests
ag;iiii>i
.1
TZU ERH CHI.
288
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON XXXIX.
1.
makes out
one's past history as truly
as correctly 4 as if
and
someone had told
it
in the minutest particular
why
him
2,
predicts.
make
calculated
'
3-
4-
5.
6.
and
iF
He made
by him.
'<*' 1 thin,
W fhuan
^ M*,
U chun
"fit
out
my
9-
10.
1 1.
negative
^ pa
tzti,
is
one up a
bit,
and there
is
it's
home
9
only
here
to cheer
10
nothing improper"
in going there either.
most
also, to squeeze, to press out.
the eight characters, taken from the Chinese cyclic system of 60 combinations of the 10 stein
;
the
ihu, to belong to
2j- 7/ao
2
,
HI" c hih
fjft
(jjj
first
combination marks the year, the second the month, the third the day, the fourth
is
calculated.
here, to belong to a certain year.

ssfl
an 9 (observe
hao, anything small, as a thread of silk or a single hair; the minutest degree.
1
tang*, not tang },
it
only represents,
it
only amounts
to.
chieh men, to relax, to dissipate, sadness.
pj"
q.d.,
a small hair:
5>
still,
near in time, lately.
3
}j| chi , to crowd, to shoulder as in a crowd
with our hands before us
the hour, in which the person was born, and on the eight his fortune
8.
true
tui (see Part III, 1078), exactly corresponding.
ffl
Jig
all
shih, returned to the world.
2 branch characters
7-
what
be
may
to be out walking than sitting at
father's
properly, the ridge of a roof; extreuiest,
/V
Well, that
there that you and 1

wouldn't spend the few hundred cash he asks
upon ? so, come along. It is better for us
enough
friends
my
[Junior.]
3.
have been going to him

for some days past, and I went there
myself
the day before yesterday and had my nativity 6
ago.
but, thought I to
myself, although
heard of him some time
[Senior.]
All
8
;
he was quite right about all

that has happened, it's not quite so certain
that things that have not will turn out as he
tells
him.
People of our acquaintance are going to him

in such numbers the whole day long that his
booth is quite crowded. 5 If he is so first rate,
shouldn't you and I go too, and
tell us our fortunes ?
brothers,
my
an astrologer that they say is as sharp as if

he had come back from the other world. 2 He
it
number of my
wife's family name, and the date of my

admission into the service, without a mistake
'
7
age, the
and mother's
Perhaps you've heard, sir,

new arrival in the suburb ?
[Junior.]
have you, of the
pu
k'o,
when
impropriety.
all is said,
Observe the force of yu at the beginning of the clause, followed as
yu, on the other
part,
what impropriety
is
there
it
is
by the
PART
THE HUNDKED
V.
LESSON
LKSSONS.
XL.
time he freed himself
give you something to laugh at.

sitting here all alone just now when I
saw that a bird had lit on the window-frame. 1
him
The sun
in in a body,
1.
I'll
was
as he
over very softly 2 to the place

he was, and made a grab at him
So
where
I stole
through
the
hole 3 in
it
window paper, tearing a large

but I made a good shot,4 and got
my hand, when I saw directly
safe in
that he was a sparrow. 5

him from
3. I was in the act of passing
one hand to the other, when P-r-r-rh 7 away
!
he
made
flew.
but just as
fja
again,**
and
had got hold of him a second

pronounced
tmig*, properly,
was chasing
room, when
the
the
boys,
hearing that a bird had been caught,
came
and we
all
chased and chevied,

1
his cap over
him and secured him.

4.
"
Well, then I interceded for the bird

I said,
Why,"
them
"
some people even buy

10
i),
liberty.
What
such stubbornness u
let
him have
happy,
the bird.
and
13
skipping,
a wooden framework
12
he
away
that I was obliged to
This
made him
went,
hopping and
as pleased as could be.
also,
a cross-piece or bar of such a frame
+ $R fi dma'
SIR cess
56.
W.
mew*, to nip in the fingers: nieh-shoii-nieh-chiao-'rh-ti, used of moving inincingly,
softly,
the two words are colloquially inseparable.
chu, the first verb indicating the motion of the hand, the dash
by good fortune, the issue being just what
rh'ia hao,
I desired, I
made
made
at the object; the second.
the dash and got hold of the bird.
chia ch'iao 3 , a house sparrow.
ik.
]|ij
also
it
not be heard.
may
HH" k'u'-lnng*, a hole
3-
quite
snare.
nidi', also read
3<
so that one
tad
to fall
down, as a man, a
wall, etc.
here, to pass
from one hand to another
used in this sense of
4
transferring a shop, business in trade; not to be confounded with too , to pour (see Part III, 182).
of no meaning but to express the sound of a bird's wings in motion, or the like.
7-
Dg
fig-
8.
if
rhtng*.
9-
3JJ T:E k'ou chu, the
to-
1.
p'u'-lu
See Part IV, Dialogue IV,

first
Note
word signifying
sheng, to let go alive
fg
i-hui*, to
be kept hanging by a weight.
j|jj;
ku
l
,
an axle-tree;
JUfe t'iao,
to
hung
jump;
to
hi*,
53.
to cover over either with the hand, a cap, a cup, or the like,
4 fnng
circular stone weight
13
jJS;
12.
birds
can you do with

"
this one ? let him go, can't you ?
But he
would not hear of it, and he held out with
to give
the rungs of a ladder, etc.; read tang*, the open spaces between the rungs of a ladder or of lattice-work
means a trap or
it>
haste and shut the door,
tang*, also
round
all
until one little fellow popped'
bopped about.
2.
him
shadow against the window
east his
289
in conformity with the doctrine of
Buddhism, which teaches
to spare
life.
a roller or pulley: ku-lu, properly, the wheel of a cart; but chui-ku-lu*

Note the tones.
is
awnings or curtains to keep them from shifting in the wind.
tsuan, properly, to bore; here, indicating the action of the head as the child skips away.
37
TZO 6RH CHI.
290
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
Was there ever such a brat,
[Junior.]
Other people have
as that boy there! 1
XLI.
1.
sir,
him
given
sorts of advice,
all
good, and to
keep him from
For
bad for him.
regard; they find
what
is
right
up what
is
men
all
and proper as
and just now
my
say; on the
If
ear."
listen to. 10
he didn't belong
Why
should
certain to disgust
no longer,
it
is:
to me, 1
should be glad enough, I'm sure, to speak
in a way that would be pleasanter to him to
and he pouts 4
could stand
I lost
sullen,
Blockhead that he
bitter to
have blown him up

sore with talking, but
3
of tears.
The proverb says, "Good medicine is

the taste, and honest 8 advice grates H
4.
easy to pick
born to do no good.
on the
makes him
and looks black. 5

a
he's
he pays no attention to what

reverse,
full
eyes
vicious.
As for this boy,

my mouth is quite
it
is
are alike in that
it is
Why
do something else besides picking

my coat ?" and he went off with his
holes in
only for his
learning what
"
coloured up, and, says he,
can't they
just as hard to acquire
it
2.
till
He
3.
reason
him
if
be doing what
it
wasn't
is
for this
temper and gave him
very severe thrashing.
~? huai
'
SI $
IfJ rA'iiott
4
,
hai-tzti,
not spoiled in our sense of the term, but so bad that he will do no good.
to advise, to admonish.
Note 2), q.d., he has no spirit to pluy though

fit JT 3& wu C hi n 9 to tâi (see ts'ai fou, Lesson XIII,
This
is one explanation ; another is, that ta ts'ai menus anv
no
soul
for
it.
has
he
a
be
pleasant thing, yet
gambling
latter character being the ehing in i-hinn
enjoyment. It is not used in either way except with wit rMng, the
$&
animal
spirits.
to protrude the lips, to pout.
4-
chii,eh*,
5-
IHt li
6.
hi*, to weep.
7-
iiiamg',
9-
10.
ti en
'
^'-i to lgt
properly, wide
down
the face.
and deep
of a wide expanse of water.
a friend.
chung', faithful, loyal, as a minister to his sovereign, as a friend to
ni\ the opposite of shun, obedient, compliant

PJt ;f|
hung
-cho
lit.,
rebellious,
would that humbugging him
opposed
to.
might make him
glad.
I'AUT V.
LESSON
Just see what a miserable creature
1.
that
is
he
not a
is
man
at all
he
a beast
is
XLII.
with another, like a
same scrape
into
his eyes are so closed
up
short of his
down, and
that
see, and he runs against everything

and when he talks he stammers and stutters,4
6
As
3.
as
he
house than no one at
he ought
no use whatever.
to do, he's of
for
If
He's ready
you allow him
the length
one's
it
hand
ought to
him any harm
wise he
or
I'm in this vein I
a fidget
chien huo,
commodity of small value:
if
f5
U huo
And when
if
so far from wishing
any money comes
little for love's sake.
in.
ching, [though he seems to be a
15
man] yet he
is
not at
while living to put off the skin: he has grown up so that he resembles his father as
t'o,
without dying, had thrown
Jif
attend
tn,
IB chtf-ku\
all
flit
fj|
5-
\m
OM
jere,
IÛ
3R
t'ao'
7-
to gaze with the eyelids closed together
ku, properly, to look over the shoulder, to look
stammering.
a booby that people dislike and ridicule.
ch'i,
tomfoolery, mischief, high spirits.
amongst other meanings,
to attend
V %W
upon: fu shih
"D
f)
chi 1 tiny' kit' tung 1
do more than express a sound

10
l;
B
ft
used of the personal attendance of the wife on

upon both parents, in
wife, or of the children
iino-shih ching : the thing is here elliptically used for

;
q.d., clever as an imp in nan shih, making trouble
ft*
j*i
is
upon husband and
an imp, impish, devilish

9-
also.
k'o-k'o pa-pa,
the husband, or of the other women of the harem,

helping them to dress and undress, etc.
Hi]
f^f shih*,
if bis
off his skin.
to look after.
4-
6-
to
that
am
anything nice to eat or drink,
I've
give him
be,
14
poker may not be
but it's better than
man.
father,
in
Jw S.
'
play without ceasing and such

as he is, up with one thing and down
all.
to stir the fire with.
enough
any tomfoolery
no leisure, and keep him constantly attending 7
upon you, he does a little better but otheris all
he does belong to the family, 13 and whatever

his shortcomings, he is of more use in the
is.
for doing anything that
am angry I feel as if nothing

would satisfy me then I cool
Life
like a real lout
trouble, trouble,"
say to myself, no ; even if he

didn't belong to the family, I could never 12
10
set about killing u him
and then
seriously
the
he can't
When
4.
Wherever he goes he gets
monkey
never quiet for an instant.
the very counterpart of his father 2 the more

one sees of him the more he disgusts one.
2.
291
$j HI
;
how,
^^
(ching-ling) or
(i/ao'-cliiitt/j.
explained in the words that follow.
is
the combination does not admit of analysis; no character in
it is
intended
the whole means a jumble of sounds.
1
fl* fang chen: observe tang , in the sense of to stand for, to represent.
f
i&L
s ha differs
somewhat from
din, alone,
which would imply that death wax
inflicted
by a
lethal
weapon.
l
~-
J2 jew
3
,
the pain
felt
by the heart
to bear to do, to bear to see: kuai, devilishly, that
is,
exceedingly not can
bear.
~f chia-Klieiifi-t-ii, one burn in the house, the son of a slave.

huo
^C jiS
bin, a poker, whether of wood or metal, though short,
See po, Lesson X, Note 10.
with the hand.
'5- iM
/''(f/( t'eng, specially tender, to show special kindness to.
'3-
fe
'4-
is
ch'iang, better, than shou pa', stirring
ERH
292
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON
1.
while
Yesterday,
was
those
out,
if
dumb
and walked
in,
and they
all
became
for
A'e
'
?lj[
"iffi
representing the
2
3-
!{$
-s<m 4 , to cough; the
"
"
hacking
Js
and so on
to die,"
UJI tgei
'K We fi 5i
first
Now,
if
a wink, to
make
3.
And when
off, all
j$B kuei*, to kneel
7-
JtF
}T 5u
^'
S^
very
had
dja-mg
done,
took
they
as they went.
word, which
is also
read hai'
(see
Part IV, Dialogue III, Note 65),
the
ti
sound of coughing.
;
adverbialising the phrase.
down.
painful feeling
your disorderliness
you
You won't mind
signs with the eyes.
5-
thrash
I'll
do you,
look out
a short wooden post, straight-post-like.
chiieh*,
ai
it
to give
"hih yen-shai-'rh, using colour of the eyes, with an expression of the eyes, to wit, such a- is
.il~<>,
q.d., thief and mice-like glancing at each other, took themselves oft' one by one
flit
js
stick, that
me
and
nui shu yen, eyebrows of wrong-doers, eyes of mice
4-
6-
said to them,
happens again,
for
Described in the foregoing clause;

to tip
this
your skins,
themselves
<
we deserve
soundly,
promise you.
unless I do."
This morning, just as I was out of

bed, in came the villains and dropped down
s
>n their knees
as stiff as posts, 4 and began,
'
and
you wanted the
feel as if
2.
Oh
little,
Do you
pray
one by one, looking at each other 3 as guilty

and frightened as possible.
"
began to cool a
7
you can't be quiet ? if you oblige
you a thrashing, what good will
and then they sneaked out 2
together,
begging pardon
so dolefully that
"
a cough
kotowing and
my wrath
and
praying
6
the house belonged to

and
the
time
I came home there
them,
by
was a fine uproar. Pack of monkeys
I gave
l
kept on
they
mine began to wrangle
rascally servants of
and make a row as
XLIII.
"tl
ai ch'iu, to implore.
hao 3 -hao'-rh-ti, of things,
[is it
* sa *
yî
because] your
if
flesh
fg
satisfactorily,
(yang
3
),
arranged as they ought to bo
itches?
sc.,
for the stick.
on another occasion you are so minded, are set on like doings.
of persons, quiet, orderly
PART
THE HUNDRED
V.
293
LESSONS.
LESSON XLIV.
1
Just look at him,
[Senior.]
sir
mind 9
there
1
so
is, drunk again to-day; dead drunk,
that he can't keep his legs.
I asked him if
he
he had given the orders
and
to
fro,
and he
and lurching
as
to-day
something
2.
lie
may happen
forgot to go
don't, I
vow 6
to me.
by to-day, forgive
warn him from
time forth to
this
make up
~'
~m rP' the
3-
strictly correct expression is ch'ien
movement
IS PC yn?-pa
it'
4vk t'ung
any business.
5-
S. HI
6-
jg
l
,
dumb
person
may
k'uai, indicating a combination of
tit-fa, to
let
him
but
off to-day,
make
oath
hou yang ho
hou referring
which
also
to
yang
means
promptitude and completeness
observe the idiom
%& %&
chi jan, since
W -t
mien shang, having regard
9-
iH iS
'fr
1 '
I'll
answer
He'll not abstain for
for
it
more
3
,
to look up; ch'ien to ho,
it
hoarse.
may be applied
to the despatch
punish, but specially of corporal punishment.
ch'i ahih, to
it is
so that I
am
q.d., if I
don't beat
him [may
I incur the penalty of breaking
for
present.
my
hen hen hsin, harden his heart
chieh', to
be
to rise; used only of persons lying senseless from drink,
ya, interchangeable with -Us,
8-
?K
to
of the body.
7-
chance
for him.
the oath I swear to beat him.
IO
if I
word
than a couple of days at the longest, and then

he'll be drinking again as hard as ever.
his
fix vb ch'Sng ni, has become as mud, lies unable

who have been beaten till they were insensible.
the forward
and
he
him
you don't know, sir,

thing he is, and always has
he won't reform.
'
>r
it'
and
and
any more, thrash
way
Ah
not,
what a hopeless
been; and as for drink, he'll give his life for
it
it's dearer to him than his father's blood.
this once
in consideration of that circumstance
he does
if
you please
"
he became frightened, and this was

the reason why he did not answer you. As 7 I
him
as
[Senior.]
3.
to blame,
to be
much
in this
a witness, I shall not say a
wish
the bettor;
gets drunk
Come, come, sir, I daresay

and then, as he knew he was
[Junior.}
happen
much
4
give the scoundrel a very severe
if I
You know what
chance of giving his master the slip."

You can always get at him. If he reforms,
so
'
correction
of drink.
little
without answering a word. Why

is neither deaf nor
I'll
10
the proverb says, "The stocking is a sure

the boot, and the slave has as
couldn't he answer; he
ilumb
beware
find inside
desired,
stared straight at me, heeling
to
beware of; also read
ch'lng ch'i, to
make
face,
not to put
hen here
me
to shame.
in the sense of cruel, hard-hearted.
chi*.
a utensil, to be of some use or other.
TZU ERH CHI.
294
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON XLV.
1.
Your
it
what's the matter, sir
Why,
[Junior.}
face
as pale as if
is
and since
saw you 2
have quite fallen away.
on which
you had whitened

a short time ago you
1
the head,
in
but you don't know

what has happened since then, sir. These
last few days they have been cleaning the
2.
drains,
was
Yes,
[Senior.]
moment and hot the next,

how he was to take
As
himself.
for
that a
all
and drank a cup of cold
i-
am
I'll
[Senior.]
a simple one
follow
eat sparingly.
If
give
you a rule
ti>
when you
you
do
will
are hungry,
this,
little
cold won't do you any harm. 12
tea,
not different in meaning from skua 1 to brush.
Îj skua',
should not have been able to
not, I
4.
over me, and
to cool myself,
doing.
a violent perspiration broke

I took off my long dress 6
and not moving about more than
hold myself up n to-day even as well as
me, the day before yesterday
it
[Junior.]
had
had been very cool up to breakfast time,

but soon after it became so hot that no one
out
if I
I felt as sick
can help. However, yesterday I had the luck

if
to throw up 10 all there was in my stomach
it
could stand
as
myself,
care of
couldn't say
my
and
You're not the only person

in the same condition.
I am out of sorts
besides this, the weather has been so variable,
man
in
in the clouds.
3.
and the stench was very bad; and
cool one
came on
and dizzy 7 n
head, a hoarseness
my
throat,
was seized with a violent pain in

8
my nose began to run, I had a cold
I
JBk "7" ling*
ku l ting 1 ,
all
of a sudden; the expression
ku, solitary, properly, fatherless, but also used of one
who
is
incapable of analysis: Ung, cold, here, a shock;
has lost both parents
ting,
a person, an individual
but
it
has other meanings.

shou*, thin.
3-
He
4-
}$3 t'ao
5-
J$J y'oo
to cleanse out a well or a ditch
it'
properly, the action of
had been rousted,

6-
latter is
||l
p'ao
my
fire
the drains.
t'ao Icou, to clean
upon meat; here read p'ao* ;
t'ou han,
The common people erroneously apply
by
p'ao-tzti,
9-
10.
1 '
hu', properly, to forget

f'ji
JL }$
driit,
vulgarly
th
:
t'u
i[Jj
heat: p'ao-tsao-ti, as
kua-tzit
in hot weather the
hence, not to attend to
to spit out: ch'iian
u, to
t't
4
;
shang feng, to catch or have a cold
hu-hu, wool-gathering.
throw up everything.
? cheng, to hold oneself up by an effort q.d., eha, planted in the ground, cMng, struggling. Observe
[having done what I did I am able to-day to hold myself up by an effort ;] had it not been thus,
then, even though I
12.
under the
officials
the construction
yeh
fire
yiin*, dizzy.
9l- v(>
?&
by
to other long robes.
1
pi ting', the mucous discharge from the nose: tin; properly,
to
suffer injury from, feng, the wind.
shang, short for shou shang,
**
(sao 4 , dried
throughout perspired.
properly, the long dress, open in front below, worn
dispensed with.
7- !ijb
whole person
made
the
effort, I
fang', to injure, to interfere with
could not succeed.
though you
Note
eiuio l-i.any,
j
cha?, not cha , as in Lesson VIII,
encounter cold, even so
it
Note
12.
will not hurt you.
PART
THE HUNDRED
V.
295
LESSONS.
LESSON XLVI.
1.
what does
Dear, dear!
[Senior.]
must be some truth
this
sir ?
It was only the other day that
we met, and here you are with your beard
!
grown grey, and your whole appearance that
of an old man ?
Now, don't be angry with
found
mean,
all
is
bling
our friends making it.'

Now, gamevil without bounds
a bottomless
an
any victim that
pit to
when
in the charge
falls
into
it.
If
he
do hear that
does not get foul of the law, he plays away

4
till he hasn't a cash left, and he is cleaned
and that you have a, number of

debts unpaid. This is no joke, if it's true
out of house and land before he gives over.

I won't
say that a hundred is a very large
you had
number, but I have seen or heard of more

than a hundred cases of the kind. You and
me
speaking out
for
you
but
play,
2.
best give
up
This
[Junior.]
gossip, not a
the habit.
shadow of truth
in
it.
Inquire
you'll see.
quire of
his
own
1-
3-
4-
then
is
fat
the
i*
why should
No man
jfjt
dew;
in-
lou*, to
become manifest,
into: if
say that,
36 ching kuang, clean and

q.d., in
it
all I
bright.
every case
that) [the player] will let
is it
(w 3 , to play, to gamble, to bet.
and what would our
for
all,
don't
gamble
have to say; you needn't
'
;
insist
that's
on
my
inquiring."
to allow to be seen.
i,
to deliberate in council, to debate.

fall
hsien also
into [gambling],
means
na 3
in
what
[place], is there a
bottom
'
to collapse, to fall in.
Observe the construction:

that the family estate
go his hold.
"
be that you
etc.
intimate
One word
it ?
ignorant of
lun, to discuss, to talk about a thing:
the attributive;
!8i
is
could not but think there
Jg hsien* chin, to fall

we may proceed hence to
= before
5-
else
I
doings.
31 Wi
hiu shih,
kuang
anyone
i
-
No, no;
[Senior.]
3.
are very
friendship be worth if I knew of such a thing

as this and did not try to dissuade you from
and then
you don't believe me,
carefully, if
merest
the
all
is
is
ti
representing the noun, of which eking
nung, worked
to,
a clean bright [condition];
296
ERH
TZIT
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON XLVII.
1. You drink very hard, I
observe; you're
never away from the vine; you're too fond of
And when you

!
you may bring' very serious calamity upon
drink, you
you never think you have had
enough- till you can't stand on your legs.
it,
really.
so
drunk
This
is
better
making
it
ought to be wouldn't it be
were
to drink a little less than
you
;
respect
you do?
a
little
is
and a man should on no account give way

to indulgence in it.
Look in the glass, 11 if
with special reason or
without special reason, you have always the

cup to your lips ? You simply excite the
you don't believe me, and
and children, and you

by your elders, when they see
6
you in this state. The least penalty you will
will
be the rum of some business or other
pay
of importance
and you may do far worse,
5
and
ei ftng,
~T i*
y$-
finished
^P sE
US ^S
here equal to
78-
9-
10.
"
12.
so used
>
repair to
you do
is
is
an act of
concerned.
happens.
you
Part IV, Dialogue X, Note 12
hsi, see
ti,
jc
2
jji!
-AiA, a fault; here, the blame for
then,
when you
can't stand, consider
fu
hsi, to
you have
go to a great dinner.
it:
tS
pu-shih, to be found fault with.
ch'ing-eho : observe the antithesis of eh'ing and chung, and our corresponding idiom
or to the classical relative cho so often used to isolate the thesis.
or jo 3 , to
4
draw down,
also that cho is
to be beholden to.
^}
chieh
jijfc
(King*, reverence, reverential
3&
tu*,
f?
dting*, a mirror.
|j
tsao 1 , properly, the dregs left after distilling spirit; hence, a soft,
as evil things.
poison
ching chung, to respect.
tu yao, a poisonous drug.
hence, thoroughly saturated,

showing itself in the face.
;
here the verb to finish
is
as
3p? hsi shih, a joyful affair, a wedding.
4-
5-
the latter
it
your nose
not before.
SU /(64
3-
and day
suicide so far as your career
every time you meet with, every time
how
What makes it worse in you, too,

you are a man of a certain class, and
to drink night
12
face.
that
is
see
you'll
thoroughly the wine has stained
disgust of your wife
get blown up
a thing that
3.
it if,
is
to pass.
In a word, wine is a poison 10 as injurious to the mind as it is harmful to the body,
3
4
dining out, or at a wedding,
excess doesn't matter much but what
one
good can come of
one, that, I should say,
very rarely comes
If
2.
the other hand, as for any man

wine the means of acquiring any
particular accomplishment or developing any

faculty, so as to be able to do what is right
and proper in such wise as to make people
not as
if
On
yourself.
will get
:is
grain must be so to break
broken condition such as that of grain
tsao t'ou, thoroughly saturated, the spirit within
PART
THE HUNDRED
V.
297
LESSONS.
LESSON XL VIII.
1.
have had a great deal to do the
about two o'clock, when I woke rather chilly

what had made me so I can't say my
stomach 5 was puffed out and uncomfortable
I was burning 7 from head to foot as if I had
;
few days, and after sitting up for two

l
nights in succession, my whole frame was so
last
exhausted that
So
had no spring
left in
<;
me.
would be
been over a
in
night
thought
bed early, but it wasn't to be. There was a
rendezvous 3 of the whole family 2 at my house,
2.
last
and how was
had a pain
to take care of themselves
?
Well, though it
was a gruat effort, I did contrive to stay up
and keep them company but oh it was sore
work
I
for the eyes
my
it
till
moment they
did, I
lay down, all dressed as I was,

'
$C
tt&
and
sit
when
it
had
carried
me, good, bad, and

feel
little
inside
away everything
indifferent,
more at ease
15
than
began to
had been.
I
till
slept
burn the night, to
ytht to
or sitting up.
thought the best thing I could do

to abstain from eating altogether, 12
and to take a purgative. 13 This I did, and
The
guests departed.
clutched a pillow 4 and
my
down n
3.
was quite stupid; however, there was no
help for
all this, I
which was so severe
in the ears
would be
and
eyelids drooped,
9
and, to add to
it
lying
8
;
inflamed the whole jowl; I had no

10
appetite left, and I was equally uncomfortable
that
go to bed and leave them
I to
fire
up
all
night working by lamplight: ao means also to cook or prepare
by stewing or simmering.
~'
3
3
5u p'u -H p'u -'rh,
a 5s a
hui
the whole tribe
all,
met together: observe
ch'i, all
said of persons or things.
here, hui
ch'i-'rh, as if it
were hui ko
ch'i-'rh,
meeting made a
full
number.
4-
a pillow for the head.
u*
5-
4
,
6.
p'eng
7-
(lit.,
'''"?
fa
ifcfl
the bowels.
puffed out
used only of the stomach
shoo, burning hot:
8-
k'ao 3 , to roast.
9-
_L
to-
p'eng men, puffed out and uncomfortable.
fa jo, to be feverish.
Observe the construction also add to this [there was that which] hurt the inside
shang, to add to.
3
the pain was such that also the whole cheek
;
(chung ), swelled.
:
bottom) of the ear

Jo-
ffi.
yin
n. ^\ wo 4
12.
ff
3
,
to drink
not so used colloquially alone.
to recline, to lie
t'iny', to stop, to
down; not used
cause to stop
colloquially alone; also written
thought that the case was one for
[5||.
t'ing
chu
skill,
stopping eating.
'3- J1E /, not differing in sound or tone from the same character in Part III, 826; but here, to swallow a dose:
4
i chi la i/ao, a dose of purging medicine
Hj p/it a dose, a mixture we cannot, however, say 'that a bottle contains
,
so
many
may
chi,
doses; the expression for this
14-
f?3
net
'5-
Ja
[ft
4
,
inside, as
is
|)K
|^.
opposed to wai, outside.
sung k'uai, the opposite of p'eng men, the comfort derived from getting
rid of the latter;
sung
also be applied to the mind.
38
k'tiai
298
TZt?
ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON XLIX.
1.
He had
not
much
with,
care of himself.
He was
women, and now his constitution
is
2.
2
paying
attention,
His present illness has been a long

but yesterday, when we went to see
3.
evident
was
sure I can't thank you enough 6 for the

different things you are so good as to send
always something coming from

course, I attribute the interest you
is
and blood,
ch'i hsiieh, breath
acknowledgments."
in this strain, but
same time what an
to
him
to hold himself up.
4.
We
merely observed,
"
You
it
was
effort it
are
too
to say
am
sun 3 to injure: his
well again I shall
sensible a
putting yourselves to the trouble of coming

to call on me so often this hot weather, and I
you.
at the
am
man, sir, to make it needful for us

more to you than that you must take
good care of yourself and you will soon be
We'll come and see you again when
well.
we have time." When we had said this we
came home.
Of
fullest
He went on
"
drawing-room to speak to us: Really, gentle"
4
men," he said, you do me too much honour,
there
and when
make you the
him, he managed to bring himself into the
me;
our relationship. If you had

1 could not
reasonably
7
expect you to take such an interest in me.
I don't
say much, but I sha'n't forget your
the penalty. 1
affair,
to
no connexion with me,6
and
too fond of wine
me
take in
strength to begin
to take proper
and he never knew how
his constitution, k'uei sun,
is
deficient
and
injured, fails
him.
2.
JjE yen*, properly, to
3-
4-
^*
5-
1-
3fc
go to a distance, to go on for a long time
twig, I with fatigue stir you, I give
is P u k an tang,
kan ch'ing:
my
yen ch'an, as of a long cord wrapped round.
you the trouble of moving.
do not venture to bear, to be the recipient
lean, feeling in
my
heart,
of,
so
much kindness
your ch'ing, kindly disposition,
my
am
gratitude for
not worthy.
it, is
pu, chin,
inexhaustible.
6-
7-
4B "f hsiang
tien
4
,
kan, to be concerned with
if
to think kindly of: tien chi, to
you were p'ang, bystanding persons with no concern
remember one with kindness.
The character
tien
in me.
is
not in the
dictionaries.
k'o lou ch'u; the Vo has a certain disjunctive power, in answer to the sui jan in the preceding
such
words were in his mouth, his person, to say the truth, lou ch'u, allowed to escape, the appearance
although
Observe lai liao at the close, auxiliary of lou ch'u, the object intervening
of one who could not hold himself up.
8-
clause
Pf
{!}
between the verb and
its
auxiliary.
PART
V.
LESSON
summer he did contrive to walk,
but he has grown much worse in the last few
days so much so, indeed, that he has taken to
Last
1.
his
ill
is
and racket; 2 and the old folks are in such

affliction that they have quite fallen away.
and
of
3.
saw
it
was
he grasped
and he said,
I,
very tight,
deserve my fate
my hand
"
Ah sir,
don't suppose
no doubt
fit]
ho*, properly, a folding
'J$i
hung
door
to close
of brothers
and then
and
my
all
in-
who
are
distressing
scene;
still
nearest relations
can't bear to tear myself
were streaming with
tears.
It
his eyes
was a most
had one been
and
iron
9
stone, one must have been quite upset
at
hearing him talk in this way.
that after
sinking so low I can possibly recover.
and
in years,
from anyone belonging to me."

4. Before he had done speaking,
own
in his
I first fell
But what moves me is the thought

father and mother, who are now well
are here too,
and when he
his eyes wide,
done myself no
I've
destiny.
children;
?"
He opened
my
my
on
same man. I went up to him very gently

and I said, "Are you any better than you
were
Since
lot.
been treated by every physician 6 there

here, and I have taken every description of
justice.
he was no longer the
so thin that
my
went to see him the other day, and

found him lying on the stove-bed gasping 3 for
breath,
it's
I've
It's
2.
know
medicine, and again and again, just as I was

beginning to improve, I have had a relapse."
bed altogether. His people have no idea

to do for him
they are all confusion
1
what
L.
course, I
299
Of
it
hence,
all
within
it
hence, of persons,
all
ho
chia-tzft,
the whole
family.
2.
3-
US
too
1
,
properly, the flickering or flaring of flames
3
(not too , Lesson
XI, Note
6,
nor too 4
hung-hung-ti, of restless, anxious, movement.
Part III, 182), especially of the breath when
it
is
short
to gasp.
4-
7C TT
most
ta liao,
likely
5-
6.
tai
7-
Hi
$tr
8-
31
Hfl wei-ch'ii, injustice,
taken
all
9-
fe# ti'vng,
i/S
4
,
ta,
on the whole
liao, I imagine.
See Lesson III,
8.
both words meaning from in time; ever since.
only so read in tai-fu, physician.
cA'ny
/o,
of sickness only
to
go down a second time, to
oppression: wei
means truly;
relapse.
eh'u, as before, to
the pains I have to get well, I should have been

unjust to myself.
1^
Note
ts'an 3 , to be
moved
in the heart
te
huang, as in Part III, 989.
bend; no injustice;
q.d.,
had
not
TZU KRH CHI.
300
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
night
he
man
If a
1.
be because
I
not to be killed
is
it
his destiny to be saved. 1
it is
must
lost all consciousness,

4
his senses again
and
come
didn't
for a long time
visit the day before

and
he
is not
quite himself"
yesterday,
though
he
has
back
his
colour 7 and he has
yet,
got
2
;
picked up a
to
and though
I tried to
quiet his parents by begging them
not to be alarmed and assuring them that
confess, I
my own
mind,
must
treat
patient
He
4.
"
chuckled 9 as
no merit of mine
It's
you and the
was there a fresh physician

and from the time he began
in,
said to
after I
him the
leaning
"
Well,
at death's door, 8 1 can tell you."
thought the case desperate.
was called
"
are you all right again ? I congratulate

Your
most
you
sincerely on your escape.
attack was a pretty severe one
you wore
However, the sick man and his parents

had better luck than one gave them credit for.
to
He was
flesh.
"
him,
2.
The day
little
against his pillow, eating.
there was no danger, in
paid him a
3.
That
was with our friend he was very bad
LI.
am
out of
11
improved visibly
recovery,
rest of
it
now
take
my
spoke, and, said he,

heaven's love for
it's
friends
it's
as to danger, 10
a most providential
it."
from day to day.
'
J^fc
S chiu
hsing, a redeeming star, a spirit that will save one.
2-
JJC ch'en', to sink in
3-
ff'
4-
H!
hun
5-
iU wei
7-
3fiC
~JC
1
,
properly, dusk, twilight
4
,
sense of comfort in the
huan yuan,
affairs.
hence, to be mentally obscured, to faint away.
from apparent death or from a swoon
to revive
',
water; hence, in some phrases, weighty: ch'$n chung, heavy, of things; grave, of
mind
to cause it
su hsing, reviving, to wake up, to come to
to console
an
life
again.
wei, to comfort, to console.
to restore the original ch'i, breath, animation.
ch'i $e, the colour
due to his reanimation.
Observe the
k'o for k'o wei,
may be
said to.
Note
not chuari*.
8-
J8t
&
t'o
you put
p'i,
off
one layer of skin,
c.,
before you could get through your difficulty
you had
very
narrow escape.
to smile
9- Rff hsi',
10.
1 '
ff
tsai
^ $?
1
,
'
in conversation, always doubled as here.
any misfortune
inflicted
by Heaven.
a hao, as opposed to hao
affirmation, but indicates the attainment of

k'o
wan
liao, at last it is
a slight improvement.
Observe k'o, which does not here modify the
something that was almost despaired of. Cf. k'o te* liao, I've got it at last
i tien,
done, meaning I began to despair of finishing
it.
PART
THE HUNDRED
V.
LESSON
1
very well your recommending
to take physic, but I have an idea of
me
my own
on the
If
subject.
was
it
really
necessary that I should take physic, I am

not too stingy 2 to buy some; one isn't such
better than
a fool as to love
money
the reason
I object
why
the year before last
and very nearly
And
medicine
4
killed myself
heart beat to think of

2.
to
it
it
makes
my
of the
cent.
may be some good ones

not more than one per
but
them,
All the rest care for is to get in the
money
as
present day, there
among
Van
f!| chi', nearly
it
10
good,
shall
all
to do
me no
keep quiet and take care of
i',
"j^
cMn
here
1
;
aaiig
3
,
it
in
no way
from k'an 4
affects the sense of ho.
to see (see Part III, 91).

:
Observe the idiom
here, to cause to die
sang ming, to do mortal injury to one's own
life
not used
mourning, or matters pertaining to death.
to treat, as a medical
-ff
be distinguished from chi 3 (see Part III, 7) chi-chi-hu, nearly the hu being here merely
ours would require yu, not mei yii, before sang liao ming.
to
jl| sang*, properly, to die
of injury to another's
6-
an adverb of past time
to take care of; to be distinguished
adverbial termination.
5'
if
skill of
every variety of medicine,
ts'eng*, properly,
2.
4-
the
all
11
myself; I shall get well enough.
i.
3-
the doctor;
it does not, he says it was your destiny;

doesn t concern him the least in the world.
it's
In the present instance I know very

well what I'm about.
Instead of swallowing
dies?
itn
then
4.
hard as they can

what does it
them whether a patient lives or
signify to
it,
then he dashes off 7 a prescription, 8 pockets his

9
If the case turns out
fee, and away he goes.
well,
then as to the doctors
calls
your pulse," that is to say, he puts his

finger somewhere or other for a moment;
even now.
5
he
feels
that
is
He comes
case.
bustling into the house, and, as
took the wrong dose,
from undertaking the
flinch
But
life.
LII.
3. Call one in, if you don't believe me,
and try him. He may understand medicine
or he may not; but if he doesn't, he won't
It's all
1.
301
LESSONS.
man
i-sheng, a physician.
properly, to regard, to scrutinise
here, specially to feel the pulse
Jj|j
mo 4
properly,
any artery
here, specially the pulse.

2
4
?S hu -li -ma'-li'i
7-
$J ?S
DJI
^'
lH
~Jj
yao-fang, a prescription
$3
^ ma
9-
10.
ffi hsiao
yii ch'i, as
"
4
,
ch'ien, horse
'69
j$
is
bustling
;
the sentence
fang being used
money, the doctor's
first
proposition],
too hao; this reinforces the

better.
pu
is
incapable of analysis
in the sense of fang-fa,
hu-li-ma 3 -'rh-ti
way
is
as often used.
or means.
fee.
pu Men hsiao, to be sensible of no favourable result. Observe

pu ju, there is nothing so good as [the second proposition].
to succeed, to result favourably
compared with [the
withstanding,
ju: the second proposition, whatever the merits of the
first,
too,
the
not-
T/f ERH CHI.
302
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
What
1.
if
[X'-u/o/
.]
does
it
signify to
you
him
And
with
other people find fault
anything to say he should be gentle and

quiet about it but to fly into such a passion
;
why get more
as
too hot, 1 really.
is
then when I try to mollify you,
Oh you are
LIII.
and more angry

Wait till they're gone and then speak if you
2
like
why must you argue the whole case
this very minute ?
?
is
2.
Come, sir, I cannot stand

language from you. We are both
[Junior.]
same boat.
at all
you and me more or

it is
this,
your
it
when they
Well,
doesn't concern
discuss
it
them
1.
j^
All
faao
No, no
UJ pun*,
3-
kita*, properly, to
4-
fit
_t shao shang
it
(see
Lesson
properly, to tie
up
6-
%. 16
7.
nu*, rage, furious anger.
J1J1
eh' ung
9-
its
J$
hsiang-shili
10.
|j]
'
way
in
this
1
,
you'll
make
it
as
ai, generally, to
XXXIV,
moved:
chi-tsao, impetuous.
to argue a point, not necessarily with vehemence.
Note
impede:
9), q.d.,
ping-ping-ti, tied tight

;
i.e.,
kita-ngai, to affect,
the matter with
its
more or
less prejudicially.
extreme end touches us
it
more
to drive out.
is
as, for instance,
a drum head.
sitting here.
also written \fy, of water bursting
your only concern
way
unpleasant for them to stay as to go and

then the next thing will be that you'll be
cut by all your acquaintance.
feel
sa * * so > occupying the seats
nien 3
ti,
10
carries us along.
S3S pfaig
object in
storming
this
mind fen pien,
hook on to;
5-
8.
had gone
and
did nothing of
if a man has
to distinguish in the
2.
or less regards us
you would have felt if they

but if you keep on raving and
properly written with this, the I57th, radical; of the heart, easily
"
sitting
meant was that
are
mortification
dissatisfied.
[Senior.]
the sort.
you
but instead of
you take the same side as they do

and I certainly do
3.
who
away, and the reason that they did not go

was that they didn't want to cause you the
brings
under review,
less
place to stop
him
don't understand,
somewhat
these people
You
maintain, do you, that
All
9
everybody out of doors.
They were so scandalised that they were ah thinking of
going
yourself have a certain

interest in this question; you don't mean to
in the
it ?
here are come on your account; and what

must you do but boil up 7 8 in such style
that one might suppose you wanted to turn
this sort of
be actually bursting with rage,"

not
the way to settle the matter,
surely
you
did, to
embankments
or,
to carry
away with
Observe the construction: [instead of being calm,]
too,
one seeming, to want to drive away [everyone, no matter] whom.
1
3
Dj| slian jmig clamour as within a mountain: Jcuai chiao, devilishly crying out.
,
rush, as water an
rage boiling over.
on the contrary, you are
PART
V.
LESSON
1.
[Senior.] Well, now, from what I have
seen of you in this affair, I should say that,
however Avell you may talk, 1 you haven't the
Remember what
comes
in his
way
so long as he
right; but
crosses
him
ever so
who,
it's
with,
ence, unaided,
he's
all
to
is
a terrible
course, so far
little,
that
sets to work,
you
10
11
might and main, tomakehisown side win, and
he neverstayshishand till he has carried the day.
wi 7E
'
chin shih
observe that chiu
liao 3 , originally, a torch;

or
scorch.
singe
-
JtK
it
was the
to follow
right course
it,
aye,
to
5-
IB
IJE c hih' shih, to give direction to
6.
fj
$T
niu*, also read
7-
in
your
^-
ning
to twist, as
to urge
of thinking. 18
chili
which precedes
it.
be angry with, to show anger by speech or looks
4- f/jt PJ ni k'o, that you must

provoke him, that you should think it right to provoke him.
however, here assign k'o .something of the power of the disjunctives ch'io, too, etc.
and
had you been of another way
2
3
hence, to illumine: liao iiang, of intellectual brightness; liao also
3- Dj|
&'$', also written with other radicals
to provoke by anger or censure.
I'm
from offering opposition, which
connected with shih, and not with the
is
would have been unjustifiable on my part,

I should have felt it
my duty to remind 17 you
anyone that
not interfered
he
won't carry you very far

;
anyone, no matter
if
16
some years ahead of you anyway and if

the course you preferred had been the right
Everyone says
the proverb says, "Take a
Oh you don't half know him,
He never shows mercy 9
why
your hand when you walk, and you

won't tumble down u take counsel in action,
and you'll make no false moves." 15 Well, you
had best lean on me now your own experi-
6
5
away as if you were possessed; and now here
7
you are again having got the worst of it.
fellow.
but then,
let
staff in
the villain. 8
a sleeping tiger lie? 12 What is the fun 13

of going out of your way to look for trouble ?
go and provoke him ? I advised you not to

do it, but instead of listening to me, you tore
[Junior.]
Exactly so
[-Senior.]
3.
that, to look at you, one would suppose

had.
If he chose to leave you alone, 3 so
you
much the better for you why 4 should you
2.
LIV.
not
sense
303
means
to
htiin ch'cn,
The Chinese,
and make to act; here, impelled by, shen-kuei, demons.
a cord, a wire,
etc.
ting', a nail: p'eng liao ting-tzu, to run foul of a nail, to kick against the pricks, to
come back with a
flea
ear.
i& 9E kai
to [his viciousness]
>'**
he
is
Construe thus: that one deserving death,

a notoriously terrible man.
tell
me
[if
you can] what
is
he?
There
is
no end
9JT '<" /'-'">' '*> to leave a portion, sc., of consideration for; fin being ch'ing fen, the apportionment of
the feelings, of which more would be shown to one man and less to another.
10
3s tieh'-eho, reiterating, redoubling; ching-'rh, muscle, muscular effort.
-
"
if
>u li
chan-c.hu, to stand fast; here, to effect a position, that is, if chan be written with the liyth Radical
it, it means to usurp ; but so written it is not found with chu.
written without
12.
Ilit
'3-
sH
hiing
to rouse to
motion by a cry not hung'3 to deceive.

from seeing or heaving.
;
ch'tf-'rh, pleasure
H- $% c.hiao', by itself, vulgarly, to struggle hard together like wrestlers, both with hand and foot: if
j^ tieh to slip or fall.
kuai-kun-'rh, a staff such as old men lean on, you will not tieh chiao, get a fall
you have
'
5-
;fe
3s
shih' chao', to err in your move

a figure taken from chess or draughts
down in the other: cliao-'rh, a plan or move.
;
chao
is
to
move
one, or to put one

1
6.
% knang
'7- JCE
Ja
JH
t'i
1
,
often vulgarly used, as here, for only, alone:
po
l
,
ch'i yu,
to bring to the recollection, to
how
remind
is it
only your chien-shih, experience.
of.
should there be too, on the contrary, ch'ing-li, justice, in stopping you.
a piece in the
304
T/f
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON
1
to
[Elder Brother,
younger.]
you behave yourself in society

set
you down
because
sit
you
will
People won't
as having nothing in
still,
you
a decent,
as
34
orderly
you never say a word no

accuse you of not having the use of
If
person should.
one
Why can't
And what
pleasure can there
your tongue.
be in going on as you do whenever you find
6
yourself in society irritating this person or
the other person by talking as if you wanted
5
You don't
to raise a laugh
against him.
LV.
the long run, to
what he
in with
of these days
you
who is not to
come to grief,
be trifled with, and
run by
2.
ther.]
will fall
someone
when you
understand the risk you
you'll
says, for
no one not connected with
7
you would take the same interest in you
and though you are so tall for your years,
you are
still
a serious
young
effort
you
break
to
really
must make
yourself of
this
habit.
3.
perceive how ill it looks, but it makes all the

rest of the company uncomfortable, and one
warm words, and, in

no good. You should mind
Quizzing leads to
sir.
[Continuing,
You
to the elder Brother.]
have been young, you know, and in

one
is all for
youth
play. I should recommend
loss
of
without
time, to get him some
you,
and
man
of good repute as a tutor,
and
let
him
He'll add by degrees to his

stock of information, and as soon as he knows
read with him.
more
of the
world, he'll
mend
of
himself.
this sort of conduct.
Don't distress yourself with the notion that
[Friend, addressing the younger BroWhat your brother says is very true,
he'll
S wen
-chung, of gravity, decorum, opposed to
'
U$| tiao', to carve
3-
38
4- J||
s!t< >
$j
/>
'
(fh'ing-t'iao), levity,
want of manners.
wood.
model the human
to
go to the bad.
figure out of clay.
thing to throw aside:
who would
say you were a thing to throw aside, a worthless
article,
ran ed of wood, or fashioned of mud?

5-
<o<
hsiao, to provoke a laugh
ton, to fight, to set
by the
ears
it is
maintained by some that
the proper character to be used in this phrase.

6.
7-
8.
:JS i-liao', to
^0
beckon
also, to
annoy or
excite.
kiian ch'ieh*, affectionately interested in: kuan, to connect; ch'ieh, to cut deep into, to chop up.
j$f r/iiVn
1
,
gradual, beginning from the spring or source.
Jg
is
PART
V.
LESSON
1
sure
What odd
[Friend.]
He stammers
one that
so
behaviour
when he
to be
with any-
is
make out
impossible either to
it's
what he wants when he speaks to you, or to

get an intelligible answer out of him; and
he's in such a state of trepidation 3 all the
time that he never knows when he ought
to come forward or when to go back.
He
305
LVI.
remark about that; or
be staring
he'll
at
you with his eyes fixed and his mouth open,

and all of a sudden he'll blurt out some pieceof incoherent nonsense,
and make people
He came
their sides with laughing.
to
split
pay
me
a visit the day before yesterday, and when

he got up to go away, instead of walking
straight
on,
he turned himself half round
always seems asleep a perfect apology for a

How can anyone be such a
man, really.
booby as he is at his time of life. You and
and moved backwards. I called out to him,

"
"
but before
Take care of the door-sill,' sir
the words were out of my mouth he had
caught his foot against it, and over he

tumbled on his back. I ran to help him up 7
in such a hurry that I was very near 8 getting
his other friends ought to take
little
2.
him
to task
it might do him good,

perhaps.
Ah you haven't been long
[Host.]
!
enough acquainted with him
He
thoroughly.
besides those
You may
has
many
to
know him
an absurd trick
you have been enumerating.
be sitting with him talking, and
just as you have got upon one subject, some

other comes into his head, and he'll make a
'
Wi f
&a
timg-tso, behaviour,
G chidi
fall
myself.
have spoken to
As to taking him to task, 1

him often enough before now,
but I found he was the kind of good-fornothing that advice won't improve so I don't
;
see the
any
use of wasting
my
breath
on him
longer.
whether as regards speech or action.
pa, to stammer; as
Note
says one Chinese, hsia-pa, the chin, were chieh, tied to something.
if,
rhieh*.
3-
J5C
icei'
to fear:
or end, colloquially,
wei-shou-wei-wei-ti, fearing the head, fearing the tail; extremely nervous:
chih chiao, to point out a man's errors for his edification, to pull
$"
3-
Bji Jjj yen chu-'rh, the pupil of the eye.
6-
7-
^-
^jjt
k'an 3 a door-sill
,
$C 3L fu ^"j
*
Jit
5H
^>
mi 3
the tail
J& JG (& P a )-
4-
jffc
when read
chien 4 ,
properly, to support
or f '"' '" ( > nearly.
it
chi,
up.
has other meanings.
by holding under the arm
Note
him
fu chu may be used with
persons or things.
an adverb meaning nearly.
39
TZU ERH CHI.
:306
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
Did you
1.
he was
all
observe,
the time about
how
sir,
keep out of debt without applying to any man

for help, 4 and therefore I have nothing to feel
ill-natured
old clothes
my
LVII.
don't want to boast of my superiority,"2

but really, for his years, he knows nothing.
shame
As
All they are good for
2. I
any
for this question of dress, neither
them understands
of
clothes
are
New
all.
out
intended to be worn on extra-
What
ordinary occasions.
my home
at
it
I've
he nor
does
it
matter
on every day, be a little

If a man is an
ignoramus he has something
to be ashamed of; but what can it
signify
how he dresses ? Take myself 8 I am not a
dressy
2.
Bfj
<'D 2
jj
fc'tia',
to praise another, to
And what
swathed
^?
5-
55
ch'ih
6-
3
the corner of the eye
BJ| J^ yen chiao
to
be ashamed of
7-
9-
the feet.
$
$$
;
huen', fresh, just killed, as meat;

ch'ou
kno
3
,
silk
to
JU
tuan
wrap about,
4
,
and
to
swagger
respect-
makes a man
there wonderful in being

satin
from head
to foot
Your thoroughly low
fellows,
who have
make up
to
them simply
5)
ts'ao chin,
for gentlemen,
them accordingly; but

as so
worn
many
and
regard
clothes-horses.
out.
in the spoken,
and used much
as thin
is
chi jv
is
to.
also written
8-
in silk
is
man, may mistake them
XXXVII, Note
and appealing
jjfc
and
made them
that
if
boast of oneself.
4-
kao, praying
to dress themselves
is
clothes,
3- ^P chi', a word as common in the written language as rhiu

more elegant than fhiupifang, well, for instance.
c/i'iw
new
fine
not eyes to distinguish a lout from a gentle-
a great deal
the same as ts'ao (see Lesson
less
useful.
4.
better off than people that are.

3. How so ?
Why, because I contrive to
i-
in
as they are
am
admit, but I
something
our young friends there,

than contempt for them. 8
for
able; they learn nothing that
if
put
the worse for wear?
As
jauntily about, as
suit here, the clothes that I
man
about. 6
Jjjt.
not even in the corner of
hsien->,
seldom,
my
eye do
hold them.
rare.
satin.
as a cord or bandage
swathed
in silks
and
satins too
ti,
down
to the bottom,
.,
PART
V.
LESSON
1.
[Senior.]
You have no
LVIII.
to be
right
had anything
[Junior.]
there
it
of
my
intentions
me
Admit
unjustly.
don't understand him,
reverential, respectful.
hsing-tzti, a
slow-natured fellow, no great quickness either for good or for
'P ife kuo pu ch'il, not to be able to pass said of places through which there
unable to pass by, unable to put up with, the objectionable matter in question.
.1?!
yu'
that you have been
T worn
14
of the line you are going
up and he'll checkmate you then and

Now, with the risk I run in the case
he was speaking of, do you think, sir, it would
have done for me to put him in full possession "
follow
censuring
You
sure
He'll lead
kung
4-
make
to
7
you on till he has wormed
your views out of you, and then he'll stand off
and watch his opportunity. The moment he
sees an opening, 8 no matter how small, he'll
'
3-
is
to take.
instead of taking his part, should be using

him so ill is really more than I can put
feelings,
have no sense,4
way
do any great harm. Supposing it was anyone else that was humbugging him, it would
be our place to remonstrate; and that you,
sort of being that seems to
without some experience of it.

He's full of
His
shifts, and he'll circumvent anybody.
to
2.
you
He's just that
''
but I
for, I shouldn't pull you up
can see that he's a very simple fellow.
A
shows
one
he
is
slow
that
too
single glance
with.
if
to say to him.
while in reality he's extremely mischievous.

You couldn't form an idea of his viciousness
up
He'd get round you soon enough
sir.
taking him in in this way. When people ask

you for an opinion in the most respectful
1
manner, if you know the thing, good if you
don't know it, you should say you don't; but
it makes
you look as if you wanted to do
them a mischief when you set them wrong by
If the man
telling them what isn't the case.
were some scoundrel that one ought to have
no love
307
stupid, inwardly; jy;
"j
is
evil.
no way
ch'un 3 loutish, outwardly; both are used separately: yii ch'un

,
here, of the
may be
used of
either stupidity within or loutishness without.

5-
$&
78-
9-
lij
!/II
*J
c/tii
hsien n eo, treacherous and evil

4
,
properly, to lay hold of: p'ing-chil, proof.
kou', to hook
?t
p'o chan
Mi 35
does not wish spilt
kou yin, to lead on.
4
,
a rent and opening seam, a hole in one's coat.
3ff tou'-p'i'-kui-chiang', to
also, to
take in the rear
takes his adversary in the rear.
i-
The king
$$L ch'e*, properly written
the bottom.
vicious, malevolent.
See Lesson
LXI, Note
checkmate
p'i-Jcu, the
ton, to carry, as
buttocks
a napkin having something in it that one

q.d., a general who
chiang, in the sense of a general
in Chinese chess is called chiang.
with the 8jth Radical, to

9.
clear,
as water of its sediment; ch'e
ti-tzti,,
cleared to
308
ERH
TZtJ
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON
1.
so
What
for
him
full
nothing
3
;
2.
what
for the last
of woe, 1 looking as
and had nobody
is
it,
all
about
I can't tell you.
out of doors
His appearance disquieted me

night or day.
a good deal, and I was just going to ask him
has befallen our friend So-and-
There he has been
with a face
LIX.
if
to
few days
he cared
care
a question when, as luck would have it, a

relation of his came in, and I said no more.
for
5.
He used
to be
wasn't snowing or raining, he was

sure to be off in some direction or other.
If
day.
it
They never could get him
to sit in the
with his hands before him.
3.
4.
worn
'
house
so.
Still,
man
that has
all,
so yester-
Yes ? and didn't you find him changed?
ch'oii jwtig,
him
is not to be
frightened by the lesser ills of life
and seeing that What's-his-name has always
come very well out of any serious difficulty he
may have had on his hands in times past,
He's grown very thin, and he seems

in fact, he looks as if he got no rest,
IS 3r
disturbing
it's
lived through hard trials, as the proverb says,
For some tune
however, he hasn't shown at

day I paid him a visit.
past,
is
from
should infer that
always
never at home, except on a wet
Dear me
what you say I

the difficulty he finds
himself in about that business, you know, that
sorrowful appearance,
man
mien,
don't see
why he should
importance to a
so
all
much
attach so
trifle like this
distress of
it's
much
not worth
mind, surely.
over his face: jung, the same character as yimg
(see
Part III, 963), but with a different meaning.

2.
3-
I/ft liao*,
j)j^
lai*,
properly, to lean against, to depend upon.
much
the same as liao, and more in use: imt-liao-wu-lai-ti, in a
listless,
apathetic manner:
means to repudiate, as a just debt, or to deny a true accusation.
$5
Bff
jan-$rh, read ja*~'rh, nevertheless : jan, thus, this being so, erh, yet, notwithstanding.
5- ll[
^H
f hih
4-
t,
is it
indeed worth that
jE
1
(yu ch'mi), sadness and dissatisfaction.
lai also
1'AIIT
V.
LESSON
1. You can have seen
nothing of life to
be in such a state of nervousness as this. 1 If
LX.
be in this state of chronic alarm, and taking
all
you have anything to say to him, why keep

it on
your mind when by going to him and
telling him plainly what you think you could
these precautions
3.
Follow rny advice, and keep your mind

rest of them.
If he doesn't
intend to
course, he must act like a reasonable being;

why should he not ? What you have to do
is, first, to state how all this came about, and
of terror
or
other
that
which
he'll
fi
ti,
3-
that
is,
4is
!$C
*oei*-erh,
"uS
ti*,
low
nD
inei
lit.,
I'll
but
engage
I believe
that you
tung ching, not to move, to give no sign of concern; lai
is
known
pu
of han-tztt, a Chinese
kao
ti,
$!H i'a
4
,
(see
up
the height of anything, but here, the keeping

is
and who
to be kao
to the present time.
Part
III, 906)
ti; to
try a
up
or falling
down
î?
to warrant
the
a wrestler] he
So says a Pekingese, but
to judge from another dialect,
Mi
has
q.d., as at this time.
properly, to reach to oneself from a distance
{S kuan pao,
if [like
fall.
to spy out
t'an-tzU, a
spy
for information.
7-
to put forth timidity; to be nervous.
read vx-rh, the odour, that by which the true quality
urh chin,
simply the sense of ju

6-
do
a man.
about to see with you who

5-
will
it
have observed that so
and get some information
he has forgotten it, and

have no trouble at all.
not so strong a word asp'a: fa ch'ieh,

is still:
for
scathe,
I
will bring
try
1ft fl^ twnq ching; lit., to stir what

whether anything is happening or not.
moment
has long passed out of his recollection.

If
you think otherwise, set to work quietly and
murder you or
lai
in the matter,
no one has hinted that he does intend

hostility, and my own idea is that the thing
far
ch'ieh*, timidity;
in at this
nothing of the kind.
Besides, when everyone else interested

2
3
perfectly at his ease, is it manly in you to
'
you are
you through without
2.
is
you have your way
then to go over the whole ground step by

Do you
step, arguing each point separately.
will
in
he
take
life
some
that
your
suppose
way
let
4
going to try a fall with you, he'll give
you no law and don't suppose that the state
if he's
ilevour you,
easy like the
bring the thing to a conclusion ? He is only

a man like yourself he's not a beast and, of
;
309
first
character adds nothing to the force of the second.
Van
t'ing, to
look out
310
EKH
T/l
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON
1.
You two used
[Senior.]
be such
to
to the wedding, I did write
old
what's the reason

2.
knowledge
I don't profess to
[Junior.]
I
for
in
it
one other way, and that
is
regard.
that he
[Senior] Didn't
3.
him
trust
put him out
for saying
you were
what I
indeed,
and he gave up coming to see me. Not

that that would have mattered so much, but
what I don't understand is, why he should
it
either for
I tell you you couldn't

word or for deed ? and
you wouldn't even go into such a question;
but
it;
as well
may
did,
4.
far
verb says,
You may
but you can't
satisfied
True enough
[Junioi:]
"
from
be more careful in future.
was
and
feeling that
5.
i-
it
on, or in
it
JB pu
ho, to treat
TP tang
5-
injure me, this
what
is
JJK
y, sc.,
9-
10
All one can do
evil.
as,
to
hsin-i, intention?
make
j
of:
we indeed were
in
not worth remembering.
treating
me
as
hua
friend,
Cf. also
fan pu shang, not worth
tsao, to tread
_t
lien
shang must be construed as a noun, the subject of hsia pu

it would show to a friend.
under foot
t'a,
hou, in after time, hereafter
it vE wang
TO
lai,
Icai*.
the whole collectively, of
men
or
t'a,
to
down
to be unable to lower, to let pas>
chieh chiao, to knit intercourse, to
ch't*, thoroughly, to the bottom.
tsao
to fall
fG.-
not the face, but the regard
~~"
man
indiscri-
the habit of going on [with one
pa?-'rh, a handle of discourse;
J#| tsao' t'a, to injure, to spoil
hsi 2 fvf-rh, properly, a son's wife, but

vulgarly, anyone's wife.
j^ iH
to
on, or in, a half sentence of talk.
tW
is
won't do to call every
It
that
That's the right thing, un-
[Senior.]
Note pa 4 not pi 3 ; the character should properly be written
in ruins, to subside.
6-
10
was because of [what was]
fan, here, not to regard or concern

the trouble, or inconsistent with dignity.
/}>
all
minately.
xf JtJ J Sin hao-hao-tuan-tuan, well and rightly:

another well and rightly].
4-
know
mount, as a kdder; to ascend, as a height.
^j- teng', to
_h shang,
of good or
you meet your very good
3-
it
doubtedly.
would be
marrying my
a shame 7 not to ask an old friend like that
son,
in
face,
his heart's like."
never meeting any of my

dangerous
6
without
acquaintances
introducing my name
and disparaging me. A short time ago I was
as the pro-
knoAV a man's
what
tell
couldn't see into his so as to
me
with
did.
never be saying anything but evil of me

behind my back making me out so bad and
so
dog to acmake no more
acquaintances, really everyone I have met

has treated me with just the same want of
took offence at something I said myself; it

was only a few words,3 and nothing that, con2
sidering the terms we had been on, need have
so that he couldn't forget
it.
invitation,
as a
understand
suppose some of our people here must

have offended him. If not, I can only account
him.
him an
and he didn't send so much
and now lie never crosses your threshJ
t'riuuds,
LXI.
make
acquaintance.
PART
V.
LESSON
1.
He began
who was findshould like to know?
[Senior.]
You
said.
man
are the last
drunk again.
go on just as
should think
2
You
and now to-day he comes in, after

been
having
drinking somewhere or other,
and the moment he sees me he calls out,
"
Hallo
how
is it I
only
now
you here
find
for
if I
him
a whole month, he attacked
had been neglecting

5
certainly felt
him
me
I
duty.
I
didn't
However,
Sift
-
3-
him
he had
"I
said,
said slipped out
13
;
but
it
wasn't so at
all
he was flushed
with anger when he spoke to me.

Now,
who is going to be afraid of him ? I am sure
wouldn't join issue with

him on the subject, sir. Why should you be
'
If
was only in joke; what

;
[Junior.]
him more cock-a-hoop. 11
12
unintentionally I apologise for the rudeness
of my remark," one might have forgiven
my own
it
2.
are not obliged to take notice of him,
?"
very angry.
necessary to argue the point with
to-day we'll see about it to-morrow.
think
if
Yes but I can tell you, sir,

3. [Senior.]
that forbearance to a bully like this, who is
as insolent as he is cowardly, 10 merely makes
In other words, instead of being grateful to

4
for working double tides, and doing his
as
to
is
are you?
me
duty
All you have got to do
you had heard nothing and

seen nothing, and there will be an end of it.
of trying to deceive, and I tell you that since

New Year's day he has never once been to
the office
That's the very thing that he

8
is;
talking at people is just the one thing
he loves, as you must know. I expect IK; was
?
by what he
LXII.
contentious
it;
ing fault with him, I

It was he who forced me to speak
311
I'm not. 14
man*, to blind, to deceive.
&
H&
jjj;
~f
tsou liao:
time
ts'ung, from, a certain
on what ch'ai
the combination has no greater force than either of
shih, official duty, has
You
he gone?
its
parts separately.
could not, however, say tsou liao
fh'ai shih for having been on duty.
?o 3 k'ung, withdraw [the person in order to enjoy] leisure. Construe: if it were as he says, I, [though I]
4without allowing myself leisure, for a whole month have been bearing his office for him [instead of having done well],
on the reverse, am in the wrong, am I! Note the tone of t'o.
5
|
rholer rises.
6-
SE
Hng
p'ei
oneself on the
the back of the neck: po-Mng-tzti, the back of the neck, which, say the Chinese, stiffens as one's
the mate
same
level as
sufficiently exalted position.

7-
JH yf
9-
H m
5ji
lift
/Jf
-f
to
pu
gj| ching*, to strive, to
8.
Io
pan, of the same sort ; i p'ei, a match with i pan i p'ei, to put
fan pn shang (see Lesson LXI, Note 4), not good enough, not of
See "fit company," Lesson LXIII, i.
of,
;
the converse of
wrangle
shtia Isui
ch-ih tang,
match with
p'ei,
not used colloquially alone, or otherwise than as here, in cheng ching.
p'i-tzfl, ;
lit, to
fence with the lips, to
only to represent, to bear oneself just as
bandy words with,
in
fun or in earnest.
if.
hen ch'ien, in the presence of: when you stand before this sort of tung-hsi,
who
insults the soft MIT!
fears the hard, etc.

1
'Si fll chang chia, to increase in price or value of; said of things, or, as here, of self-esteem.
'
I2
?k ma shih: by my abruptness,
lR Hang
4
,
or inconsiderateness, I erred
originally, faith, confidence; hence, to
combination being an
elliptical
form of
fj{f
fft lj
assume as
yuan
ch'ing
fact:
Hang
common form
in
yuan Hang
shih, bethinking
of apology.
it signifies
forgiveness, thi*
you of the matter;
sc.,
my
fault, forgive that matter.

J
4-
/?
}$t
pu
ch'&ng, a
common form
of ending a sentence interrogatively, especially
when nan
too has preceded
it.
TZU
312
a rage,
sir
drunken
I'll
villain
'5-
'6-
JH ma
tB
7-
Don't
properly j/i
linger in his face
names. 1
4
,
unfrequented by man, out of the
Si
eh'u rh'u
vent rage
ch'i, to
You
false-hearted villain, you!
showing these
company
airs
to
me! am
not
fit
quiet.
what do you mean by it ? If you had

"I had no business to say what I did,"
one might have forgiven you 7 but no, not a
;
said,
if I were to
go back on the past, the
next thing you would accuse me of 3 would
be of trying to show you up. 4
of Hjj
-f
What
3.
it is
that
you consider
entitles
conduct yourself 10 with such impertinyou

ence to me I cannot understand. We're too
fairly
matched, remember, for either to be
you want to try a fall.

11
hang fire, I'm no true man.
afraid of the other.
not so very long ago that you used to catch

liao, here, attributive
it
to
know as much about you in your

you know about me in mine; it is
^| ~f huai
"
nothing will make you give in

are
determined
not to admit you were in
you
the wrong, and enrage one more than ever.
bit of
because
'
'1
LXIII.
me
2
If I were disposed
your sleeve at me ?
to talk, we have been long enough in daily
contact to enable me to do so; but I don't,
my
sorts of
in
as
shake
all
it
you must always be laughing
right or wrong,
2.
I'll
him
from everybody, 5 and now, forsooth, you

miserable wretch you affect superiority over
to be
you, I should like to know?

take yourself for, pray, that,
for
What do you
home
and
call
here, for another.
LESSON
1.
way and
and
to revile, to curse; ehih-cho, pointing with the finger at his face.
'tj
15
corner, out of the way,
let
/"
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
him put you in

17
in
a
The
get
rage for you.
I'll take him to some
quiet
[Junior.]
4.
CHI.
KIIII
I'm ready.
(ch'anf-tzit),
lit.,
If I
If
the bowels (figuratively, for the inner man)
ruined, or cornipted, heart.

-
4
lit <''"' cfe'iao , to criticise covertly
the first character used alone; the second not without the first. The
be used of criticism either to a man's face or behind his back, the critic not speaking plainly, but
employing ch'iao hua, cunning talk, clever innuendoes the ch'iao of eh'iao hua, or ch'iao p'i hua is not as above, but f^f.
li
combination
may
3-
% mien
4-
$g
chieh 1 , to open, to disclose
8e
jou*, to rub between the
5-
3
,
to avoid
wei mien, inevitably, yu, in the next place, you would say.
same meaning, used only with the

be subject
6eJi'i
and
7-
8J
8-
56 fB
9-
10-
"
bullying, then
tso tsu, to
J5L
first
used by
show up the shortcomings
jou-ts'o, to bully.
how many days
of.
4
(<s'o ), a verb of the
things of persons, as here, with
Observe the construction [since] you have ceased shou, to
itself of
is it?
play the part of a self-sufficient man.
Observe the place occupied by the auxiliary verbs
lai.
specially,
if
to, people's
chieh tuan, to
hands
s/itt
to pardon.
niv ; lit, determined to twist something held in the hand you were in the wrong, yet you p'ien,
were ready to die rather than not twist determined to have your way.
i k'ou, holding one language unchanged ; yao 3 ting, biting fast, not yielding.
ssfi,
-^
j|l|
''"' '""f/. vising

4
'''f/
>
and moving; conduct, behaviour.
properly, stairs, steps, of stone: ta
ko teng-'rh (pronounced
the person were mounting steps, not walking on a smooth level.
tfrrrh) is
used of a halting advance, as
PART
V.
313
LESSON LXIV.
He's no good, that fellow; how came
you to take a fancy to him? He may be a
man in form, but he's a beast by nature.
So-and-so something
1.
Keep
clear of him, whatever
2.
you
Mind what I'm saying
a mischief-making
scoundrel
come and
He's
a dark and
trifle
but he's in great luck

without being abused.
friend,
about a man, and
been a bad
blab, blab, he'll publish all over the place in a
way
'
2.
f} -p
3-
>C"
haug-txH;
BS hsin
or he'll go
lit.,
lit.,
I5fc
Mao
5-
~%>
J||
1
PU Wan not
6-
'f*
ISf
ch'ucm 2 , to propagate reports
{j
<e
7-
8.
2
,
shuo, to chatter, to babble
it,
and mother must have

have been the parents of a
his father
lot
fellow so odious
tell
tso
by which
intensified
to tolerate, intolerable.
$? .A ts'ung-chmig
virtue
spoken of
to
and contemptible.
one of a class; a fellow; but used always in a bad sense.
"@
he's
an account in confusion; a strong term of abuse implying certain mischievousness.
4-
and
yen, the eyes of the heart or mind,

1
if
6
;
Ok nk 'Mm chang;
Ah
4.
that's intolerable
may
in
dangerous man.
According to him there's
a
storm
always
brewing somewhere. He'll get
hold of some small
he'll
set you both by the ears,

between you as mediator. 6
3. If you think I'm not telling you the
not only has he no
truth, observe this fact
do.
you, and
you something about So-and-so,
in order that he
and then step
to you.
z
tell
about
hao jen,
is
it.
emitted
|j
&
the heart should be red.
See Part IV, Dialogue VIII, 79.
he chang yang, pronmlges
mediator
when read chuan 4 a

,
intelligence
by hun, preceding
Construe
to act as
its
(shuo ho)
it
to a degree, that I
is
equally admissible.
pu
story.
hsing, virtuous conduct.
40
i'an.
314
ERH
Tztr
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON LXV.
I.
was coming home from the
[Senior]
just now, when, at some distance from

I
heard the noise 1 of a large party on
me,
office
horseback.
to me,
and
Such a
you know.
such a team, quite a case of
and the costly
cloak,"
"
the sleek steed
come
fine
i.
you must remember well

to go on when he
originally, a clatter of
Ijt!
if
with
fur,
3-
2)5
house at least two or three times
if
he didn't ask 6
for another.
45-
day
he becomes a new man, with means

and his antecedents 10 all pass out
11
Really, without presumption,
more commonly
called p'i-wao 3
Construe: there
the words fei
ma
somewhat shorn of
its
ch'ing ch'iu,
proportions,
pi shih, at the time
to call, etc.
yu
JJJ:
'jjlj.
to
8-
^C 'f 3s
ii.
fg
ch'iu
their talents; he
J3. ton
yn hun, a wandering
to put in the
OBI tsa
Ia
4
,
mouth,
hsin*, to try
up one
straw, even that, a straw, was esteemed a rarity.
and get something
for nothing.
to taste with the tongue.
pu chaojen, he no
is
spirit.
shih-cho, if he picked
hsiln', to want, to look for
7-
mean with
roam
hsi'-han?, rare
fp ^p
6.
9-
for one thing he

should like to know
lai-cho is auxiliary, observe, of yao, to be about to, not of hsiu ju, to insult:
3s
doing
a meal;
for
trying everyone
sleek steed and light fur cloak (the light fur being expensive), are a classical passage,
signifying a wealthy condition.
was going
to eat,
wheels; roar of thunder or of cannon, any loud clamour.

there were a large body of men, etc.
ch'iu*, a certain long dress lined
after
about as restless as a
think we can afford to be quite indifferent

about the bearing of such a beggar on
horseback.
how he used
|$ hung',
my
of his head.
I've not."
was a noise that came to be, was such, as
Day
to
of his own, 8
sir,
he had
what there was belonging to me that he

didn't taste; he made my chopsticks shine
7
Well, one
again, he ate with them so often.
enough,
to
would
him to stop,
ashamed of himself; 3 but on second thoughts
"
Pooh what's the use ?
I said to myself,
it isn't his recognition of me that would make
me respectable who has got leisure to go
into such a question with him ? I am sure
!
his breakfast
to secure a dinner.
but
a day, and
At first I was going to call out to

and I would have made him well
Dear me
had
2.
wretchedly poor; so poor that
very lucky if he managed to pick up any

trifle of the commonest
He'd
description.
saw me, but he took no notice of me whatever screwed his head back and looked up
to the sky.
neighbourhood three years
when he had nothing
without;
He
and person.
well filled out both in face
work
spirit;
and the man himself
in our
day he'd be roaming
and
toilet
ago.
He was
set to
saw
old neighbour,
down
as soon as he
looked hard as they came up

it was What's-his-name, our
I
I
lived
longer requests people,
sc.,
to assist
him;
here, with
money;
it
might
become independent.
properly, sunrise
yi tan, one day.
5t thing k'uang, circumstances: k'uang amongst other meanings has, classically, that of to bestow;
hence, the condition of things bestowed by Heaven.
t'ai', to
carry; properly, as two
extolling another or oneself.
men
carry anything on a pole between
them:
t'ai chil,
only figurative of
PART
V.
315
LESSON LXVI.
i
Well, of
[Senior.]
all
bad memories in
2.
[Junior.]
You're blaming me unjustly,

It's of no use entering into
the world, I do think yours is the worst.

What did I tell you 1 the day before yesterday?
on no account to let any mortal know any-
sir, I
thing about this business

whicli you have let it out. 3
innocence as plain as words could make it;

but God sees my heart, and time will show
particulars, for
All the arrange-
ments you and I have been privately concerting have been made public, and at this
moment they
are the talk of the town.
whether
shame
anger and
;
If
then shame will turn to
first,
in
if
their
under existing circumstances 5

believe
me
if
have been talking or
meantime
whether
am
made my
In the
not.
should say that, instead of feeling unkindly towards me before you know
they get to the ears of these people, they'll

feel
wouldn't
you
notwithstanding
assure you.
to
blame or
not,
you had best
pretend to be entirely ignorant of the publicity

affair, and keep your eye on the movements of the other party. If they are not
disgust at our pro-
of this
ceedings they commence operations against

4
There's a
us, a nice mess we shall be in.
good scheme brought to nothing, and all
going to quarrel, they are not; if they are,

you'll have time enough to reorganise your
your doing.
plans
chu 3
'
command,
-
to enjoin on another (one's equal or inferior):
and be prepared
for
them.
chu-fu, not so imperative as fen-fu, which
is
to
as a superior.
T$l ill hsuM-lou*, both characters
mean
to leak,
and
serve, singly, in their literal sense
the combination
is
only used figuratively.

3-
H fi
h*iu-nao, not used except with the rest of the phrase
hsiu will become nao, and both be turned into
nu, rage.
4-
Wi 1& t un 9
f ^'*
wi tn
lai as
an auxiliary, to set going,
e.g.,
mischief; here, the hand and foot, to act against
aggressively.
5-
!^S
$S
tsung* jam, admitting that: although I were fenpien, to argue, [until there was] a teeth-clean-mouth-
plain's [state of things].
pai, plain and clear
Observe that the word ya, teeth,
were I to argue
tao-li,
till
my
is
used for talk, as ch'ih in Lesson
LXIX, Note
4.
Ch'ing
talk fully explained this case.
here in the sense of theory, system
again
make
a theory, devise some other order of proceeding.
TZ& ERH CHI.
316
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON LXVII.
i.
You
[Senior.]
are
too
him no law
you give
faults,
tell
him
act
of
J
;
When you know
blunt.
at all
correct
to
friendship
but you
a man's
It
one's
is
2.
for
friends'
it.
It
isn't
surely,
right,
up,
It's
Now, in what you said

So-and-so, you meant well, I am sure, but
put him out very much. He stared with
"
astonishment
1-
Ho,
thought he,
cha?, dregs, lees; here, impurity,
3$L
&
^ 0C
4-
/J
ch'in
J5
sii
|8i
y'ti
wfr
near and
know
have
full faith in
as well as
the
anyone that
has always been a fault in
my
lips
Something
burn to speak,4 and out
comes.
it
an old saying that words addressed to a

5
is not
worthy of them are words
thrown away.
and if 7 from
I'll
reform in earnest 6 at once
this time forth,
sir,
I'll
leave
give you
10
to spit
8 9
my
in
commit
myself by speaking when I ought to be
kuei, properly, a
silent,
face.
compass
kuo, transgression.
far.
ti, without one's allowing it, involuntarily

independently of one's pleasure in the matter.
pu yu
faff
does speak to him,
my
very salutary counsel

no doubt the right medicine
is
unsoundness; properly, cha*.
kuei kuo, to correct the fault of another
restraining, not allowing
6-
ho,"
3-
5-
"
he may mean
man who
3
degrees of intimacy.
it
about
like this to-day turns
character.
advice to everyone that comes under the

denomination of friend, without reference to
to
am
This
complaint.
this bluntness
tender
to
my
it's
prescription.
gives
[Junior.]
of yours, sir
an
but one should study the person to

see whether advice will do good, before one
faults,
mischief."
will
you
what you think.
plainly
must mind what
are an excellent fellow,
know, with the best heart possible
yen, to a person to speak:
pu
k'o, if it
abbreviated from
chin
pu
be not right to [such a person] to speak,
pu yu
erh,
and
ti,
yet,
not
one
etc.
t& fung*
kai, thoroughly reform
ch'ien fei,
my
former errors
t'ung, sore, suffering
morally used as an
intensive of feelings.
Is
7-
fiS H5i
8.
0^
9-
?^ ""A
10.
fjfj
ung shih, although; in no way differing from tsung jan
(see
Lesson
LXVI, Note
5).
ts'ui*, to spit.
properly,
ling'*,
scum
t'u,
to spit
t'u-mo, spittle
also read t'u-mi.
properly, the neck; hence, to lead; from inclination of the head (probably), to receive: ling show,
to receive, specially, if not solely,
an injury.
PART
V.
LESSON
1.
There
is
no better fellow than
LXVIII.
yourself,
l
but it's too simple of you to keep on praising

that friend of yours in the way you do. A
scoundrel like that
what is there so won!
him? why, you ought never
derful about
to
mention his name.

2.
man
He's the kind of
that will agree
to do anything so long as he has a favour to

ask of you, but the moment his business is
settled he turns on his heel and forgets there
is
such a person as you in the world.

3. He was hard up last year, and he came
No one asked him
beg me to help him.

he had anything to put down, but of his
own accord he told me that he had got a
to
if
nice book,
"
to look at, if
'
M?
eh'eng
sense,
3T wu 2
Radical to the
3.
you
^jj
tsari*,
to praise
which
send you
considerable time without
waited a
any news of
it,
day we met, and then I asked him,

"What about that book you promised me?"
until one
but instead of giving me any good reason

for not sending it, on my putting the question
to
him
first
in this way, face to face, he turned

red and then pale, and put me off 2 with
all sorts
5.
of excuses.
As
for his book, a
very curious.
he gave
me
it
book
It didn't signify
deception of one
nothing so
much whether
is
but his gratuitous

simply disgusting in the
or not;
is
extreme.
is
tsan, properly
meaning
to aid, to support, should be distinguished
from another
simply this character written without the i4Qth Radical
l
first person: chih wu , more properly written with the 75th
both characters, to make a defence, in speech or action, where none ought to be made.
hsi'-hani, rare
the sense of widely scattered
Note
I'll
more did he say about the book.
a classical form of the pronoun of the
left of
2p
"
This was the promise he made me,

but when the loan was raised, not a word
4.
like."
same
111
tsan of the
which," says he,
317
10), thick, glutinous.
the phrase
it is also
identical with that in Lesson
LXV, Note
hsi also
meaning
rare, in
2
applied to thin or wutery paste, in opposition to ch'ou (see Lesson
XXX,
is
5, this
318
ERH
T/f
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON LXIX.
1.
What motive you can have
[Junior.]
for so positively refusing

I
have brought you,
Do you
out.
I
came
2.
habit
treat
so late, or
As
to the
of
to
sir, I
me
honours; and as to my present, sir, and though

no doubt your other friends and relations have
keep the present
really cannot
3
brought things in such quantities that
make
way because
in this
on some other ground ?

first, I have been in the
visiting
here
and
constantly,
What really made me late was this,

know in time that it was a
if I had known it, I should, of
that I did not
birthday
course,
have been here long
mean
don't
3. I
my
presence
would have made any material

difference, still, had I been in time I might
have been of use in helping you to do the
or absence
iu 4
'
|
decline; kujan,
2
tliis
originally, fortified;
for
your parents.
to
eat
my
IflF
if
they were just
whereas a positive refusal
them places me
dilemma it becomes
ceive
to sit here as to
to re-
in a very disagreeable
as unpleasant for
me
'
go away.
hence, adequately fortified; hence, secure, impregnable:
fl.
hai shao mo, are they indeed few?
J&
4-
$} gl kua
5-
Us? ch'ang*, to taste
6.
il? Jj
chiieh
but
ku
tz'H,
positively to
follows as a necessary consequence, of course.
it
3-
Jj
presents,
them 8 it would show a kindly feeling

towards me, and this would make me quite
to taste
shang ch'ieh, a strong affirmative: su ch'ang, all along,

on
your parents' birthday notwithstanding not to have come,
being so]
-
don't presume to press your parents
4. I
contented
ago.
to say that
is,
of course, impossible to get through them all,

and the trifles I have brought are not worth
4
mention, still they were brought to show that
I have a certain sense of affectionate regard
couldn't have done so unfriendly an act as

to omit calling on your father's or mother's
birthday.
it
ch'Mi, to
hang on the teeth
by
'*
sc.,
in
very deed have constantly come; [and
etc.
[No.]
speak
of.
eating or drinking.
another form of Jfe
7- $1 3
"J* |S too
make me a difficult course.
to
liao
(see
Part IV, Dialogue III, 123).
nan: [whichever
might do,
my
intention either
way
being good,] you
nevertholt'.s.-
PART
V.
319
LESSON LXX.
1.
Have you heard what they

That gourmand of ours is utterly
say, sir
and
ruined,3
6 6
there
in the greatest distress
is all
in pieces. 7
come
would
no good,
the gallows-bird!
Last year he underwent
of
every species
suffering, and if he had had
2.
I said he'd
[Senior.]
to
"
man
If the
in this
it
tastes.
Wi
Sit p'o pai, to be ruined
for
4.
he
sir,
him
die outright, will
it ?
appears to me, would be

trifle, and make a sub-
it
him.
That
aid
is, you would give

don't think that's a
you why. He is
so constituted, as you must know, that the
I'll
good suggestion.
of persons, without funds

;
Yes,
[Senior.]
ch'an tsui, to gluttonise, to be always eating
and torn
tattered
hua-tzti, a
~?
4- ^fc
Ian 3 Hi 3
fS lU
3-
an epicure
ch'an*, to be
right thing,
him pecuniary
11
12
fa
I predicted
16
had he to be fancying this

wine or that dish, and to gad about 13 precisely
business
mess
you may be quite

what you say still, now that he is
wretched condition, it won't do 15 to
scription
true, and, accordingly,
behoved our friend to revise his
What
The
in the
for us each to give a
have no breeches
will
is,
look on and see
chooses to be the rich
poor
man's mate, the mate 10
to wear." This is quite
says,
shall
[Junior.]
right in
9
any strength of mind, he would have turned
over a new leaf. We know what the proverb
tell
t'a ch'an*,
he
fond of good eating.
is
not otherwise used.
the two characters are not used apart from each other.
beggar ; explained by some to be short for hao* hua ch'ien
chih-tzii,
a fellow
who
has been
fond of spending money.

5-
chan\ properly,
|D5
shiver from cold

e.g., t'a
hsia
to fight in battle; here,
to? chan-'rh, to
ti
commenced
ch'an' ch'i lai liao, he

3
J^- (<m , to shake, as
6.
7-
ifefc
and
tremble with
from cold or fear: to Ung 3 chan-'rh, to

The character gfj (ch'an*) is also used in the same sense ;
often, to tremble as
fear.
to shiver.
you would any material
to get the dust
oft' it
throw over one's person, to carry over one
p'ei', also p'i', to
here read tow 1
carrying over his person a p'o pel, ragged
coverlid.
ff!iii fh'en yilan*, to come in for the wishes,
die; the
9-
Io
ii.
it is
two epithets are entirely separate: yuan

chih-ch'i, resolution
Ju
?K
fH
&5 pan-ti, an associate
[11 i
swallowed
tffc
;
i hui kuo
its wei, flavour,
had there only been
we-'rh, to profit
then hui kuo
lai,
3-
S$
'4-
_t
J7C
the bad wishes, of someone
sc.,
simply another form of
kai-ssil-ti,
the deserving to
TO!.
to his share a fraction of resolution.
used verbally in the foregoing clause.
1 2
'& i& hsin ch'ang, heart and bowels
heart to do this or that.
is
by experience: the Chinese
olive is said not to
be tasted until after
comes back.
mind
here, for the
yu wan, roaming about and amusing
man
in sorrow
may be
said to have
no hsin ch'ang,
himself.
shang tuny, the beginning of winter; shang
ch'iu, the
beginning of autumn; but nhang
is
not so used
with spring or summer.

15.
1 6.
"pj"
Jg
k'o
tang
the k'o would not be used here
ts'uan*, to pile
up
together: ts'uan ts'ou, to
be.
3.
a grand seigneur
"Wait till the winter, 11

see how he gets on."
And
the time,
now there he
mere beggar, and shivering away
under a quilt that
man and
he was a rich
and then we
in
all
if
I said at
like a
rags,
as
[Junior.]
if
the position that he ought to die were affirmative.
make up
a heap or
amount by
contribution.
320
ERH
TZfr
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
No; I should say that if we were

him a suit of clothes,17 that would be
there
got hold of the money
would
fraction
would be an end to it not a
moment he
he keep in hand
he'd spend the whole of
<|S i t'ao, of
17.
common
good
clothes,
to
of
buy
some
use.
it.
would mean no more than a
p'ao-tzti,
and a
here, a
fcwa-fzfi;
whole
suit of
garments.
LESSON LXXI.
1.
How
[Senior.]
is
it
have been so
We'll have a quiet pot-luck

chat together.
and
then
dinner,
you can go I'll not order
and where have

long without a sight of you
1
all this time?
to
off
been
Why can't
you
;
you come to
house when you have a
my
time to spare
little
anything additional.
4.
have been coming to pay

some time past, but I became
2.
[Junior.]
had a moment
that latterly I have never
to
I should not
myself from morning to night.
2
I
hadn't
if
even
have got away
adopted
to-day
had business of importance,
which was an untruth, and they have just
me
go
3.
moment;
right
let
in consequence.
was just
come
at the
feeling very low.
You'll be able to give me a little of your

company, I hope, so as to let us have a day's
i-
to
2.
on a
it
jf$j
Don't talk as
[Senior.]
3.
jfc ~J*
4-
HJ
chai-t'o, to
fang
take oneself
liao, let
me
combination
off,
to
When
such a stranger, pray.

commence between us
if
you were
did the coolness
more days
from you, I
should have got something ready and sent you
a formal invitation; but this very ordinary
?
had elapsed without a
meal
is
it.
If a few
visit
not worth talking about, so don't

Besides, I have eaten everything
that you had to give me at your house, and

"
if
you are going to act so disloyal!)- by me,
it
to
be a plain proof that you want

there
go
any more.
will
me
not
na 3
'rh,
where are you
properly, chai' (see Part III, 298), to take
off,
as one's cap, fruit
chai*, so read only in this
tree, etc.
5.
1
to run; when read pen* it may stand alone, colloquially, for to go:
forms part of various combinations.
yf phi
as pen
makes me
it
gratuitously* whenever I come here;

that's the reason I'm afraid to come often.
refuse
Well, you have
[Senior.]
But, really,
down
you a visit for

mixed up in an affair that didn't concern
me in the least, and I got so entangled in it
a ruse; I said
[Junior.]
uncomfortable to be turning the house upside
withdraw
pen.
off
oneself.
go, released me.
sao', originally, to stir, to set in
fidget a person, to put him to trouble
motion
sao jen, a
man
here read tsao 1 : tsao 1 joo 3 to

q.d., one who vents his sao, sorrows,
to fidget actively or passively
of troubles
elegantly, a poet
in verse.
5-
$P Ja wai
too,
reasoning on the basis of one's being an outsider:
why
should you thus regard yourself as
an outsider?
6-
H W,
diih-ch't'iMj.
rendered ceremoniously.
truthful, reliable:
pu
shih-ch'&ng
is
the falsehood of politeness;
it
might here almost be
PART
V.
321
LESSON LXXII.
I
Oh
[Jwnior.]
2.
was
we were
made us
Well, what
[Senior.]
this
starting
just
house when, to our horror, a
so late
for
fellow,
your
who
all
about nothing,
he went without stopping all

too; first one trifle and then another; there
was no end to it. If I had had nothing else
more or
him
spin
begin to
but
should have
feared that
that
off the rest of
it till
you would
to-morrow.
meat, quite plain,"

no occasion for
is
are not going to treat
strangers,
surely
Nay, what
there
little
is
desire to
of showing
is
let
your
rice,
gentlemen.
We don't require pressing

[Senior]
with such a display before us, 13 u I can assure
6.
to stop him by
we were busy to-day and
We
you.
we
If
him we should have been
hadn't been for
there
my
only by way
there's nothing much worth
be hospitable
12
with,
offering you; but do eat something
was obliged
so I
pray don't gisv
11
we were
[Junior]
5.
here
uncomfortable at our non-ap-
feel
him
must put
it
out
it
pearance,
telling
a yarn
less of
if
sir;
slice of
You
these dishes. 10
us as
shouldn't have objected to
to,
do very well
will
to attend
No, no,
[Senior.]
4.
any such orders.
is
the greatest bore in the world, 1 presented

himself and set to work talking 2 3 din, din, on
;
Be
gentlemen must
outside there
is
the
quick and set the table
be hungry; and look sharp with whatever
you have got to bring in.
would have been in bed.
who
minutes more and
Here
of time.
here you are at last, sir

have been waiting for you a long time a few
1.
sha'n't
and
are not waiting to be asked,
down our
lay
chopsticks
till
we
can eat no more.
seated here ever so long ago. 7

Oh don't imagine that you
3. [Junior.]
are late; you have arrived in the very nick
7.
more
In that case
[Junior.]
to say
that's
treating
I've
me
nothing
as
if
you
15
really loved me.
1
5E RJ s.-# jou, dead flesh, a fellow without animation unexpectedly there happened to present himself
certain ssil-jou, who provokes people's disgust.
1
1
2
2
tz'tl , properly, to prick with a
jjjlj
point here read la ; fa , to cut with a knife.
:
34-
$C
hsiu*, to rest, to cease
^ hsd\
gossamer, the
la la
down
pu
hsiu, the
of the willow
worry of incessant talking.

;
the quality of cotton,
which may be drawn out
etc.,
to an
indefinite length.
5-
much
ty]
tao', colloquially, to talk
talk, a long
yarn
S): jg; ting chi, to
7-
dt )w
>K
1
properly read t'ao to receive, to be the subject
,
4
p'ien , to slice; paijou, meat boiled without salt or seasoning.
l
io.
ihu 1 , properly, wild vegetables: ts'ai su, food, dishes, in general,
or
jg|
,
intended.
9-
as kindness, mercy: hsii t'ao',
Jjjlj
is
of,
be made impatient by waiting.

tsofan. seated a long time: fan not here indicating fatigue either in oneself or one's host.
~f" fan 9 cho-tzfi, set the table in the middle of the room, or on the k'ang ; not lay the table.
6.
tao tao, to find fault with.
"
when
a compliment to the cvirine
<S
r4
k'o, representing strangers: do you taking us act towards us as strangers? or, merging pa in
Ha ^3r
wo-inin, as the object of the verb tai, do you treat us as strangers ?
I2 JB
chiu-cho ; lit., moving on to, proceeding to: adding something to the plain rice which they arc
already eating.
'3-
14
dishes
'5-
!?
shung
4
,
a state of prosperity or affluence.
|5j she', properly, to place in order, to array;
there
is
$5 5t
no occasion kuo jang, to exceed

yfi
wo
thing she, to put out in great abundance; used only, as here, of

and drink there is an over-display of dishes, etc.
in invitations to eat
hsiung-ti, me, your younger brother.
41
322
TZU ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
1.
ask
may
Where
[Junior.]
2.
are
you from,
LXXIII.
sir,
have been to
[Senior.]
a rela-
visit
sir
mine who lives down yonder. Won't

2
you step in and sit down on your way, sir ?
10.
[Senior.]
Here
11.
[Junior.]
Not
I can't
smoke
bring a
light.
me, thank you,

have a sore mouth. 5
for
tion of
3.
neighbourhood,
4.
Do you
[Junior.]
sir
reside
in
Oh!
[Junior.]
moved
Go
you,
if
you
on,
[Junior.]
Drink
we
had
bring whatever
pray;
I'll
yourself to so
please.
What, in my own house?

[Senior]
ever heard of such a thing ?
Now,
please take the upper

7.
where
I
8.
seat.
[Junior]
am.
Thank
[Senior]
But
are sitting,
what place
6.
ready;
Do
you, I
if
am
am
you
sit
I to
take
very well
235
lai-cho,
3'
elliptical for
way most convenient
_L 4
the
shang
(so, sit in
room makes the
where you
?
But
shun-cho ni-ti pien
so
I'll
too,
little
of anything
Not
[Junior]
just now,
you please.
thank you,
to-day
really
have not the time,
your halt being an incident shun, in accordance with
the upper seat; generally to the
of the host, though in
left
when one
seated
ch'uany', generally, a large boil or ulcer: a k'ou ch'uang

(ho'
some
cases the arrange-
right seat, as farthest from the door, or from the outer wall, the place of honour.
$&
T^f
and eat a
say good-bye.
5-
6-
is
it's
to you.
k'ao t'ou, something to lean against
j|
got
only whatever is
being prepared for you.
nothing
with you
jfj|
still
Jrl
called
do not put
4-
commonly
have
coming: having been to what place are you coming?
TO fS shun pien,
pien too, the
ment of
sir
I
but we are old acquaintances, you know

and now that I have found out where you
live, I'll come another time and spend the day
sir
I have got a seat, thank

[Junior]
and a seat with a back to it. 4
'
try
trouble.
else.
[Senior.]
17.
9.
you
then, pray.
first.
No, indeed,
much
go somewhere
to
ready
[Junior.]
15.
follow
is
6.
who
first,
After you, sir.

Boy, go
is in the kitchen, and
14. [Senior.]
indeed, sir; then
sir,
13.
bring some
then,
and see what there
are not so very far from each other.

If I
been aware that you lived here, I should have
called before.
Well,
this
into this house not long ago.

5.
[Senior.]
tea.
[Senior] Yes, in this house
12.
to.
t chiang chin,
),
is
not necessarily the back of a chair.
may
be any pimple in the mouth; a boil
which also means a knot.
make an
effort
sc.,
although the food
is
not good, to eat it
is
PART
V.
323
LESSON LXXIV.
1.
terday
2.
friend
You were out very
[Senior.]
;
whose house were you at

I
went
he
lives
[Junior.]
of ours;
close
visit to
to the west
an immense way from this

and then he made me stay and eat a bit of
wall of the city,
dinner with him
so that, altogether,
it
was
had something of imwanted to talk to you about,

I
[Senior.]
portance that
I sent several times to ask you to look
but
in,
your servants said you had left home
I
and
in the cart, without saying
going
great deal
yuan
"
to.
IE!
K,
Well," I said,
he'll
f^J
"
circle,
and
he'll
be certain
come here afterwards;" but no such

waited
till
thing.
the sun was well down, but you
never came, and, thought I to myself,

just as well not have waited at all.
might
I had started
came to look for
me, and when I got home, and my servants
told me you had been sending for me two
or three times, I would have come to you at
4.
[Junior.]
was
out, sir
long before your messenger
rather late before I got home.

3.
one in our small

to
pay a
to
late yes-
where you were

he doesn't visit a
once, but
you,
it
and,
was very
besides,
late
to be disturbing
was afraid the
gates would be shut; so

and here I am.
waited
till
street
to-day,
only have gone to see some-
ch'ua n '-'rh nei, within the
circle,
sc.,
of our friends:
circle,
mathematically speaking,
is
called
-ch'iian-'rh.
>J> -j" fP9 hsiao-tzit-men, here, the servants, not the sons of the house.
3-
tiH til chat-Ian*,
upright poles which form

outlaw's stockade.
a wooden barrier or gateway at the eud of a street, closed at night: cka is properly the
lan-tzii is becoming the term for an
Ian, the transverse beams that connect the poles
this
Cf. also
$% <f
a railing, a balustrade; ban' being a pole or mast.
324
EHH
TZtJ
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON LXXV.
Wasn't
1.
you
left
town
your cemetery that
to visit
it
the day before yesterday
6.
cemetery
no room
It was.
2.
How
3.
us,
day?
Our cemetery
4.
so far off that
is
for
and we
city,
any more graves

8
laid
We
indeed.
not,
very near the
the geomancers
that you only got back to-
is it
will
They
had a
but as there was
in
it,
we engaged
some ground
out ours where it now
to look at
for
is,
because they said it was a good spot for one.

It is a long way off, to be sure still, the long
you
go and return
can't
in a
day
besides, I
and the short of
we must manage
to get to our cemetery somehow or other
like rich people, if we have money, or like
poor people, if we have none; and supposing
I started
stayed there a couple of nights.
the day before yesterday, the moment the city
;
my meat and
our circumstances were so narrow as to put

a cart beyond our means, we could always
drink offerings yester-
day, passed the second night there,

menced my journey home with the
and com-
dawn
reach the cemetery and pour our cup of wine

to the dead if we would but walk there.
As
this
but though I didn't venture to halt,

8
except for a mouthful of lunch, I only got
back here just as the gates were being closed
morning
that
is
3
gates were open, and I travelled all day but
I
it was night before I reached the place.
offered
it
to
what a man's descendants
will
do by him,
own dispothat depends entirely upon

sitions; if they are good-for-nothing fellows,
their
for the night.
whose regard
for their ancestors
so slight
is
5. Ay, they
may say what they like
about the preferableness of cemeteries that
lie a good way off, but if one's posterity have
that they can't pay the usual visits to their

tombs because they lie some distance off, it
by no means follows that they would burn a
not wherewithal, they won't find it so easy to

pay their visits there at the proper seasons.
9
piece of paper money to
grave-yard ever so near.
^ -f
i.
rhnang-tzil, a small village; as
that the person addressed
is
we
him were
say, the country: observe lai-cho, as in Lesson
the family
LXXIII,
I,
showing
returning.
" EH 5C ' n !7 t'itn, in one day. Note that we cannot say tang t'ien under any circumstances, hut taiifi' jih
and tang' jih are both employed, though in different ways, e.g., ^' H Jt j jfH -^ JS
%. H. and -t 11
It"
H El /J 2J5; t'Uifi' jih meaning "on the day that," tang* jih meaning "within the day" or "on one and the same
1
<<f.
lay."
3-
4-
also the following
IK
fit
M PI
kung*
1
(see
ti
n9
-f'
_t SI
ffl,
Part III, 1020)
^$
%* H
ch'cng me^-'rh, as though I
had
ting,
run
my
head, against the gate before
here in the sense of laying out a sacrifice
read hung
1
,
it
it
was opened.
means the evidence
or admission of a criminal or a witness.

5-
In chien, to
ff
eat
any short meal when
travelling.
See chien, Part III, 808
its
employment here cannot
be explained.
6.
7-
8
,
9-
jjj?
ying
t||
mai 1
JH
?fC
a grave-yard.
to
bury anything
tsang, to bury the dead.
feng-shui, wind and water
a term for the condition of a locality geomantically considered
a geomancer.
jfi
i$
fhih ch'ien, the paper money, shaped like ingots, which
is
burned to the dead.
k'an-fe.ng-
PART
V.
325
LESSON LXXVI.
Which
1.
dead
ago,
and
of their family
is
that
it
Oh, dear! that's a long way off; I

should say at least forty li, if not fifty. The
is
9.
was passing their house three days

observed that they were all in
next time you
call,
you can
It was my day at the office, so

mourning.
I hadn't time to make any inquiries; but I
have just heard that a younger brother, or
me how
cousin of
am off duty. And

let me know 7 when
brother
their
is
father,
dead;
is
his
own
his uncle;
It is
3.
Have you paid your
dolence
con-
of
visit
7.
7^
Pu
4-
not to be, to be dead
to
come
Jft
36
sang', to die, death
kaipan,
to one's turn of
6-
below,
it
pin', to carry a coffin to the grave
may
"
fS
31;
W)
so
if I
do go
will say that
after him. 8
it
means not
at
home.
filial
piety, or, in a
more
roster.
See pan, Part III, 414.
is
money
more common
ch'rt,
pin
is
(see
above, Lesson
for t'an, see
Lesson
damage to (see Leeson LII,

LXXV, Note 9) tiao sang, to
LX, Note
6.
the funeral aa the act of the family
xung pin
may be
the
be the attendance of friends at the funeral.
jtt fjii too nao, condolence in case of
fan nao,
7-
running
duty according to the
one's contribution of paper
?H
to
to be distinguished from sang 4 , to do mortal, or irreparable,
to
4)
tiao, lit.,
hang up, sc.,
mourn with the bereaved in Peking, fan sang
5-
power
affection.
fS
same, or
am
not so used in the South, where
apprehend that people
I don't
ch'uan hsiao, to be in mourning; to be wearing clothes in token of hsiao,
-5f-
tsai,
extended sense, family
Note
their cemetery
is
Close by ours.
my
the whole length in 'testifying my sympathy

with him on the occasion of so serious a loss,
hear about the end of the moon.
3-
the world should be friends
Whereabouts
be
to
is
'
6.
for if it is not in
Do you know when he
8.
do,
nephew and myself, but whenever we do

meet we are very cordial and, besides, all
whole day.
buried
you
they are going to bury
coffin to the cemetery, I shall

with
it outside the
Thero
certainly go
city.
has never been much intercourse between the
they were reading the service

of the dead yesterday, and I was there the
5.
pray, whatever
accompany the
Yes
4.
and
him a visit in company with

him in person as soon as
brother.
2.
our friend for
tell
to hear of his loss, 6
to condole with
you
sorry
that I shall pay
his
it
am
in the
same
hirfa-rh, as
death
my
tao, to tell, sc.,
sympathy with your nao,
trouble, sorrow.
See
sense.
we
say, a
word of intimation
whether in writing or verbally.
movement, going about

which has another meaning.
tsou lung, of any ordinary
t-xercised in the use of tsou tung,
tsou
pu
tung, unable to move.
Caution must be
TZ& ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON LXXVII.
makes your head ache 5 with his exhaustive
3
chatter about all manner of dirty trifles that
was at home when he came, and

All of a sudden something woke
down.
lying
me; I listened and heard a strange voice in
1.
the drawing-room.
I, talking so loud
Who
Oh
bore What's-his-name.
and
can this
!
at the first glance I
have been talked of
be,
thought
of course,
it's
that
went into the room,

saw it was he, sure
and he
everything, good, bad, or indifferent,

has to be put out of his sight. You mustn't
to
It
really
too
is
3.
'
3-
jj| fang
5c
*t
fc"
4-
|5
No
whatever
it
advantage
strikes
jjj
will
be to their
stiffly.
properly, any kind of grain
ku-tzU, used generally of rice with the
sau 1 , rotten
rice,
to rot like rice: things, that were as stale rice and

sent.
Observe that
all
husk on ;
ch'en, that
is
stale,
and,
wu*, to hate
is
attributive of the latter.
whose head
same character read
to be distinguished from the
damaged sesame, that people have
between pa and shih-ch'ing
Hii ?ff t'ing te: [a person] listening arrives at the condition of a person
6.
them
Ian rMh-ma, damaged sesame.
chiang chin, discussed, until they were

5-
up
up,
but beasts within,9 in whom all principle is

annihilated, are to have the monopoly of
bad that a man should
of persons or things, to stick
it
he
huang-hun, twilight, of the evening only.
"H*
here, spoiling
do,
your house and sit there talking the

whole day, whether he has got anything to
say or not. And it is not only that this fellow
set eyes
one has ever been able to say a

good word for him since he was born; and
is it to be
pretended that such men, who are
staid such a
to
him
on anything; if you
asks no questions, but he just snaps
and away he goes with it.
he went away.
2.
call,
let
tune; two dinners might have been served

while he was there; it was getting dark'2 before
come
but
he has got another detestable trick of laying

when he is coming
hands on everything
of that; his tongue never stopped from the

in
stale,
1
enough. And there he sat as stiff as a post,
and talked and talked, first of this and then
moment he came
they are
till
is
quite aching,
etc.
o or ngo (see Part III, 1053)
k'o-wu,
odious, detestable.
his,
no
mo
properly, of taking things out of the water
7-
w>
"
tft 5ff g hito t'ou,
If!
'
a point, or
trait, of
generally, of picking
which one can speak favourably
has never had that merit.

9- j$t
tsa sui, properly, miscellaneous
fragments
the
offal
up
things.
he, che i pei-tzU, this whole lifetime of
of sheep, pigs,
etc.
PART
V.
THE HUNDRED
327
LESSONS.
LESSON LXXVIII.
What
other took a liking
the meaning of this? Don't

1
you perceive what a bore you must be, always
asking for anything out of the common way
1.
that you
It's
is
to see in people's possession
happen
positively
liking for
to a
man
2.
on having everything that belongs
therefore, to lose
don't give
it
and what right have you,
your temper
with those that
3-
ffl
^$*
fy pen fen,
JT iw shuai
5-
having.
fT
no capacity,
but that
is
it
not your
wonder you are not
talked about as a
man
afraid of being
that can't see a thing
belonging to another without begging for
it/'
hsufan, the annoyance occasioned by trouble repeatedly given.
s&
to,,
one's proper duty.
to fling things about: shih hsing-tztt, giving vent to temper; shiiai tajin, to
a person by throwing things about

hardened.
being
4-
affair
of
going
what they want?
Suppose that
was something of yours that someone or
'
you are;
and when you have wherewithal to feed

and clothe yourself, what can make you so
eager to lay hands on every small thing
case
sin;
you were a man
would be another
be angry be-
cause you can't get it presents are a matter

of favour if people won't make presents, they
commit no
without loss of time.

4. If
this, to
ill-tempered fellow
but no one else would have given way. Now,

ponder my words well, and mend your ways
But worse than
And how would you
bore with you yesterday because I
3.
knew what an
you have things, too, ever so many times,

because one didn't know how to refuse; why
can't you be satisfied ? Why must you go on
let
insisting
as well
your wishes were not consulted at all,

and the whole concern was carried off bodily ?
feel if
After one has
disreputable.
it
mightn't you have a
to,
shou shuai
hang-tzfi, slightly abusive, as above, in

~
SI
yen-p'i-tzfl,
ch'ien,
the eyelid
to,
show
one's anger
to go through a course of rough treatment with a view to
Lesson
LXIV, Note
of no thickness
2.
so that whatever is seen
is
thought worth
TZO ERH CHI.
328
COLLOQUIAL SEKIES.
LESSON LXXIX.
"If you don't study in your youth,"
"
the
ancient proverb,
what will you do
says
when you grow old ?" the moral of which
1.
is that all men ought to study with

and that no man should be idle.
all
people
diligence,
But of
behoves the Bannerman to be
it
diligent; for whereas any man, no matter

who, that achieves by application the power
of doing something, however small, for himself,
may be looked on
who study so hard
'
2.
3-
Now,
State, without stirring

if
to
with
work
all
from his
place.
And
privileges he does not set

his youth to study hard,'2 what
these
in
he acquire that
will enable
him
qualities will
to exert 3 himself in the service of his lord
to exert oneself:
career
official
is
and master
Heaven
to attain this point
and mechanical labour; 1 he has nothing to

do but eat the rations given him by the
as to rise to the highest
t 4 , properly, ability:
3
55 nu
about his food nor his clothing; he is exempt from agricultural labour, coolie labour,
as provided for, to those
standard of qualifications an
a,
forti&ri a certainty.
2.
duty of the Bannerman than of anyone else,

because he has to trouble himself neither
is
more the
or what return will he
for bringing
keeping him
in
him
li,
with
all one's
KJ> 3Ji i-cho: the i in the sense of to employ.
might, ch'in hsio, to be
to
into the world and
it ?
shou-i, handicraft.
nu
make
oliligent in learning.
PART
V.
329
LESSON LXXX.
What
mere
properly meant by the expression "well-doing" is the observance of

those principles in conformity with which it
1.
is
man's duty to
dhist
bread in their mouths
live,
1
2
Buddhas, or giving alms to the priests of Tao
or Fo, that are to be accounted well-doers.
them out
A man may
Buddhism enjoins,
temples and stay
be a vicious man, and
repair bridges or mend roads as much as

3
pleases, but will that give him absolution?
may
he
Not
at
neither
all;
is
the
in
it
All that going to heaven
and going somewhere
'
3s
*'*
>
else 5 if
if
you
duty to elder brothers and
thai, reverent, respectful
here, to
chieh liao, loosen, absolve
3-
$P
4-
Of? 3sf
IDl yii', classically, a prison:
6-
fg
jjjj
hu'
7-
ch'-ih chui,
to fast
him
only used in
hu
And
if
they were
what
to shut the gates of the
quietly within doors, de-
and reading out
what would they do
to
their sacred
the
convert
Could they
live
upon
air?
is
is
to parents.
show respect
Buddha by
to
subsidising his priests.
See Part IV,
8.
of his tsui-ngo, iniquities.

(see
Part IV, Dialogue VIII,
the hell of the Buddhists
chieh tuan, to borrow a kind or form of things, to

*,
to be
the same as ch'ih su

ti yii,
all
Buddha, 10 they would have neither

food to eat nor clothes to put on and then
seniors, as hsiao
Dialogue VII, Note 10; also below, Notes 4 and
not
elect of
fast,
you eat meat,
money
books, never going abroad
the very Buddhas and spirits themselves to

bestow happiness upon him.
2.
of their
voutly fasting
of
power
is
it
obliged to confine themselves strictly to
he
if so,
7
;
8
taken for gospel.
If they did not
terrify
people with this tremendous story and that
tremendous story, how would they swindle
namely, duteousness,
It is not
and
truth.
subordination, loyalty,
to
those
who
spirits and
only
go sacrificing
is
talk got up by the priests of the Budand Taoist sects to enable them to put
k'ow, to plaster the
mouth,
t'ien
with a
hun
ts'ai.
fang, their paradise.
make something
sc.,
33), the opposite of
a plea
little food,
for.
not more than will enable one
to live.
8-
9-
Io
yu
'
jfjfj
hu', to frighten; identical with
Rf
ch'ih', to grasp in the
'ft
Wi
hand
hu 3
(see
Lesson
it is, sc., to
Note
19).
ch'ih thai, to maintain a reverent heart
h ua yuan, the begging of Buddhist
yilan, those whose lot
XXXV,
priests,
and bearing,
to be devout.
is to hua, convert, those who

now asking alms when both were in
whose ostensible avocation
repay the kindness done
them by the
priest
a former existence.
42
TZC ERH CHI.
330
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON LXXXI.
I've come for the express
[Junior.]
purpose of asking your advice, sir, in a matter
1.
that interests me.
It's
a thing that might be
attended with certain consequences to myself,

perhaps, were I to do it but, on the other
;
would be a great pity, now that I've

hand,
gone as far as I have gone, to leave it undone.
it
It's
not in reason to
let
an advantage that
is
ready to drop into your mouth go away to

other people who have no claim to it; but
what with objections to doing it and objections
to
not doing
dilemma, and
it,
want you
you think will preserve

less in the transaction.
2.
[Senior.]
to
am fairly in a
tell me what line
me
perfectly
Your course
harm-
fpj hsien
clear enough.
is
3
,
brightness, visibility
<K 3 , to stop a hole, to close a passage.
3.
Jj$
HI
no, ts'ai, elliptical for no,
4-
ii
tlh
fi ~T
it's
5-
you
let yourself
be held
it,
but
It's
if
will find
little
little is
are
you
you don't ?
to be well
yourself in
good
you'll
neither
get
more nor
than the first growth of future trouble.

Whatever advantage may belong to it, there
is, without doubt, disadvantage; and it will
less
when you come
be too late to repent
My
advice to you
not to hesitate
is
to grief.
make up
your mind positively not to do the thing, and

have no more to say to it. If you continue
undecided,
if
you
can't
give
up the
idea,
man who
not only gets no

rice into his sack, but loses his sack to boot.
be like the
You'll incur all the disgrace
a discreditable
that attaches to
affair.
and easy to be seen.
ts'ai,
then, etc.
keep back from moving onward, where circumstances are the cause; were
The construction is here passive; q.d., if, delaying and doubting without
fast.
ch'ou 3 , ugliness of the face
mouths shut
and that
the cause a person, the verb would be la chu.

intermission,
when 3 the thing comes
difficulty.
out of
How
the better for you.
talked about that you
ko shih-hou, at that time
c ^'* c hu liaa, to
all
keep people's
And
this thing is plainly visible
2.
'<*
to
you'll
1
There's nothing to prevent you making your

mind up, surely. Let the thing alone, and it
be
will
here, figuratively, of
moral deformity.
PART
V.
331
LESSON LXXXII.
1.
to ask
you
do
to
so I went
something I want
me, sir, but I feel some
There
[Junior.]
for
is
tongue
and quietly put my

window-paper, and on looking
up the
to the
steps,
delicacy in addressing you on the subject; I

have asked so many favours of you. Still, if
through the hole I had made, I saw a room

full of people, one helping the other to wine,
I don't apply to
you, there is no one else who
can manage the matter for me, and I am therefore come to trouble l you once more.
and the other returning the compliment and

the whole company 6 eating and drinking, and
2.
Isn't
[Senior.]
it
3.
that, sir
4.
about
It
[Jumior.]
How came
is.
to
would have
CHANG was
Towards noon
out.
entered the court
it,
Don't
~'
3
Jj| so , properly, fragments of precious stones
wi
i>C H[fJ
nP
'
's
you
arrange
talking and laughing in the drawing-room;
went again
heard a noise of
1
possible.
The servants saw me and wanted to announce

me, but I made signs to them not to do so.
there
at breakfast-time, but, as luck
but as
me
you
Your son was speaking

morning, and I went over
this
"
7
put out at my obliging them all to get up
from their wine to receive me so I withdrew.
[Senior.]
it
to
At first I thought I
but there were a great number
of the guests who were strangers to me, and
it struck me that
they would be dreadfully
merry as
would go in
as
that affair in which
you want CHANG'S assistance
know
it
disturb
all
however;
I'll
with him comfortably the
first
yourself,
thing to-morrow morning.
hence, things small,
a * ehiao shang wu: just as [the
ssti,
trifles
fan
period, nine to eleven,]
so, to
give trouble
to.
was joining the wu period [eleven
to one].
3-
1
Pgf i-kieh , a flight of stone or brick steps
4-
JS?5 t'ien
5-
Jf|
\.
^'
"T
vSi
faf
A Ss
7-
3
,
in t'ai chieh the
word
t'ai, terrace,
does not modify the meaning.
to lick, to wet with the tongue.
"
3
e chiao
ch'ung san:
K.
'
tsai i eh'u;
if I
by
lit.,
stirred
ch'ung, breaking
up
in,
together.
were to make them san, disperse, quit their
ftn i-'rk, to please people; kitai, as before,
places.
an intensive; monstrously to displease.
332
ERH
TZtj
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON LXXXIII.
1.
my own
It wasn't of
motion that
took charge of the affair for him, I am sure.

I am a
quiet, stay-at-home sort of man, and I
know where he found
don't
out that
hi the case,
and he
declined to engage himself to me, as he said

there were too many parties to be consulted. 4
knew
had hoped, 3 alone
as I
At
was going to enter into
first I
particulars,
the person he wanted; but he came to me

"
I rely entirely
again and again about him.
said
and
sir,"
he,
upon you,
begged that I
and press the matter farther, but I thought

to myself I had best say no more about it.
To judge from appearances, the thing is not
would be so good as to say a word
to
He
never
me
let
be brought about,6 and what right have I

to insist 6 on anyone's undertaking it, 7 nolens
for him.
out of his sight, in short.
Well, as
you very well know, I've

been
a
soft-hearted
fellow, and when
always
I saw a man in this kind of strait,
imploring
me on his knees l to assist him, I hadn't the
2.
him home discontented; and

advanced would induce him
face to send
nothing I
me
leave
for
alone,
volens
4.
me
scowled at
to
no hope
undertook the commission
spoke to my friend So-and-so

about his affair, but I found that he was not,
went back and told
me
round and abused
as
come
So
So
my
principal
what had occurred, and instead of thanking

me for the trouble I had taken, he turned
him.
3.
at
of
if I had
had known what was to
certainly should not have spoken
What
all.
speaking
a marplot, and
so that I really felt as
If I
left.
it,
as
object
could I have had in
kuei*, to kneel.
'P &\
3fe JU
*'"*
'
J"* k' a *
'
I t'ui,
though
put forward excuses,
t'o
fc'at,
I could not get myself
away
from him.
3-
^P
^ ii
pu
ch'eng wang, contrary to the hope I had entertained
man
ch'eng wang, to entertain the
strongest hopes.
4-
5-
(J
ch'e,*,
$&
3
I'-'cra
to pull towards one
3
^ chou
the elbow
ch'e thou, to
colloquially, to force round, as the ends of a
bow
hold back by the arm.
wan
hui, to force back from a direction already
taken, to retrieve a false step.

6-
7-
fl|
$1 ya p'ai;
^C yun
8.
;};$?
13
t'u
Mao
3
,
lit.,
with pressure to require
p'ai being used in the sense of
official requisition.
to sanction, to give assent to: ying yiln, to promise assent, to agree to a proposition.
liao', to let
here, of course,
9-
down
a hanging screen, for instance
liao
4
.
a map, a plan
here, a verb
to contemplate, to plan.
ch'i lai, to trice or close
up such a
screen
it is
PART
V.
333
LESSON LXXXIV.
1.
did think that
should have had no
in arranging that affair of yours

with him; but instead of that, he proved so
utterly impracticable, the wretch, that it gave
difficulty
me
a great deal of trouble before I could
manage
2.
When
told
him
my
me
what had passed

conversation on the
to
once,
was talking nonsense.
blood rise directly.
and he
This
made
If that's to be the
order of the day, thought

felt
I,
so be it;
and
every inclination to say something sharp
him
3.
in return.
But then
I reflected
It
myself.
~
;@
flfc
jc
3-
&& wei
4-
3? 18 Jung
'
person speak or
5-
fc
we
and reasoned with
would be a mistake,
* pien,
i tun, as
if
$|r
he and
which, after
him * a
4.
one time
I said, to lose
So
here about 3 the
my own
I fall out, it will
other people's time and
of
all,
what
little
account;
be to the loss
besides
pains;
me
will it cost
to give
him run on
fl
finding fault till

he had to give, with-
I let
he was
tired, taking all

out allowing a syllable to escape me; and I
sat
on and
on,
watching him and humouring
him, until by degrees
my
got so far as to press
request on him earnestly, and he then at
last assented.
5.
JH
2l
and
fell at
am
business of friends, not on
in to
it.
between you and me in

subject, his countenance
told
temper with him;
my
you
Now,
see,
if
your
had been a
affair
little
hasty,
would never have been
settled.
here untranslatable in our idiom.
a to provoke him a provocation.

>
ti,
the cause
that which
jang, to give
way
to
is
the wei 4 , because
of.
jung, properly, capable of containing
used singly as to allow, to
let,
a,
act.
s '"'
'j W-i to run clown the whole score; used

him all I thought about his conduct.
say, I told
only, as here, of moderate vituperation
teo
shu
lo
t'a,
334
ERH
TZft
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON LXXXV.
1.
indebted
2.
what
ask to
May
[Host.]
for the pleasure of this
am
visit, sir ?*
3
brought you and myself together in this world,
we are come to beg you to let us have your
daughter
all
in marriage.
5
son here
My
not at
is
mind
or person, nor does he possess
now, gentlemen,
him unworthy your
shall ask
to be so
you
kind as to
Step forward, and
[To his son.]
tell
company.]
hear what
'
2l
'c?
have got to
5L wu
Hi
hsiung,
my
brother.
4.
ladies
can have
part, your
brought out for them to
my
see.
not be too late for him to
when
all
make
his
parties are agreed.
are all
See above, Lesson
chien chiao, to bestow instruction; the
fe
own
Visitor.] Certainly, sir, you are quite

Please
right.
go in and inform your ladies,
and take my boy in for them to see. It will
so.
us prefer
We
say.
be matched in a manner that will satisfy
little girl
[To all the

be
seated, everybody, and
Pray
Stop, gentlemen
[Host.]
they regard
do no more than hope they
our request with our heads to the ground. 8

3.
independently of
on the other
you
him
are made in heaven quite

man; and parents, however
we know,
anxiety to do their utmost for their

Still, as my old people have never
offspring.
seen your son, I had better present him and.
7
goodwill, I
let
Marriages,
don't consider
their
nor does he ever visit those haunts of dissipation" where men lose their wits he has never
if
same flesh and blood there

may,
no one present who is not known to everyone else.
But what I have to say is this
may
And
true; be our degree what
is
their children, can
any extraordinary accomplishments but, on

the other hand, he neither drinks nor plays,
been astray.
it is
of the
great the affection with which
I admit, to the rest of his kind,
superior,
either in
here,
all
it
Well, as our good luck has
Visitor.]
kinsmen
LXVIII, Note
word chien
is
2.
found in the sense of conferring, bestowing,
in
various complimentary phrases used in letters.
See Lesson
LXXX,
Note
3-
T| Wi
?/" yiia,n.
4-
eh'iu ch'in, to ask for [the daughter of the person

addressed] as a wife for one's son, younger brother,,
HE
10.
or other junior.
5'
6.
43
j;j
ch'ao'
lit.,
to overleap
ch'ao ch'un, to rise above the crowd.
mf, to lose, to stray off, the road mi hu, or mi huo, to cause to stray and make unsteady
The expression ch'ii-ch'u-'rh, places one goes to, can be used in any connexion.
:
used specially
of libertinism.
78-
HI
ch'i*, to
"P &'ow
4
,
to
abandon
ch'i hsien, to leave
knock the head
a person unnoticed because he
is
not to one's
k'ou ch'iu, to ask a favour on one's knees.
9- WC y e î properly, to hold up by the arm

k'u pa, anxiously drawing out
the incidents that shall conduce to the children's happiness.
:
xc.,
NOTE.
It should
taste.
be observed that the above
is
k'u yeh, anxiously helping along,
not the prevailing method of arranging marriages.
PART
V.
335
LESSON LXXXVI.
1.
made
for
2.
your daughter's intended
sneered 9 at you
make
And what
[Visitor.']
people about
Yes.
[Host]
3.
were made in the house.
Are not these clothes being
[Visitor.]
are
6.
are
They
4. [Host.]
tailors
that have
sir.
clothes.
of a cotton
o,
for instance, all
What you say is quite correct,

you only know one part of the story,
hands took a
not giving ourselves a moment's

tailors are
seam 5 of the arm-hole, and another putting

on the collar. 6 If there was a cuff to bind, 7 it
would be bound if there was a button 8 to be
the soldier
tion
this
ing to
was put on and in a day or two, at

put
the most, the work was done. Even the caps
i-
^f
hsii 4 ,
wife's parents
-
]\
we were
to hold on, cofiie
why we should
que
be like
who comes on the parade-ground u
good time, and contrives notwithstandbe late for parade. It would never do 12
when we knew
right well
the husband of one's daughter; colloquially, he is always So-and-so's nit

is another form of the same character.
call him ling hsii; j
behindhand, surely,
how time was
hsil,
flying.
but when asking the
about him, you
a somewhat classical construction
i,
jacket worn under the ma-kua, though
it
i being used pretty

can be worn without it.
;
lift
4-
5-
%% sha
t'aruf, the line
wo, the armpit
1
,
made
properly, the
same
as sha, to kill
131 f$i '"'? t'iao, the strip of stuff
We Uen *,
8.
M niu
as
pa
before the object of lun;
|H
ao 3 a
,
side.
on the dress in chalk or ink, to guide the tailor in stitching.

;
sometimes used as hen, very
not used of any other part of the dress
7-
much
which buttons on the right breast and
chin', the overlap of the Chinese dress,
3-
6-
If
for us to let
things be
and the
it's a
questhe clothes will be ready in
co4te, to the old usage,
all in
rest,
working night and day,
now whether
time or not.
the
it
there
the wedding-day is well in sight we have but

ten days left, all told; 10 and though we are
wadding and fitting the

had been turned, one
lining;
would be stitching the overlap, 3 another would
be laying the chalk line, 4 and another closing
on,
first place, is
style of the past

that of the present ? In the next,
time and
part in laying the
and when
In the
other.
no difference between the
the girls in the house could make

If the question was 2 the making up
all
if
[Host]
Still,
and not the
been called in for the job.

Dear! dear! but have you
5. [Visitor.]
old
our
forgotten
ways then ? Why, in former
days
one, or
of buying one.
these
all
People would have
you had hired a tailor to

you had gone to the expense
if
here, to close the
Peking the expression sha

that binds the neck of a garment.
;
in
read ynan 1 , a binding on a garment
k'i'n*
f|)
is
seam of the ko-chihmore common.
here, of binding the edge of the cuff.

the clothes' button, made of cloth, metal, etc. Jp[ p'an*, a cord loop or " becket " that secures one
side of the dress to the button on the other side, which is not sewn on to the stuff, but passed through a similar
loop
sewn down to the garment.
9'
JH
a' s
chien hsiao, to laugh at (see chien, Lesson
LXXXV,
Note
2)
people might chien hsiao in their hearts
here, witlnmt laughing outright, they laugh through the nose, sneer.
10.
J|J e/i'tV, to nip between finger
and thumb
ch'ia-cho chih-t'ou
is
explained as meaning
"
to measure to
a nicety."
1 '
J!$r
ff
ch'i-kan, flagstaff, staff of the colours: to be on the drill-ground
being at the trouble of rising early in order to attend.

I2
far
ffc
would
it
The
ch'i here is
and miss drill,
so.,
another form of ch'i
by
(see
falling asleep there, sifter
Lesson VII, Note
9).
ch'cng shih, to complete the matter in hand, sc., as it ought to be completed: ch'cng sM*-mo shih, howbe right, if to ching-cho, widely opening the eyes, we were tan wit, to make a mess of the business.
336
ERH
Tztr
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON LXXXVII.
1.
Where does
[Junior]
in the family, sir

2.
party
3.
4.
5.
number is so large, while others, like myself,

who have but few, are always wishing to have
this son stand
the
He is the Benjamin of the

[Senior]
the child of my old age.
more, without being able to have them. It's a

hard matter for Heaven 6 to satisfy both parties.
Has he had the small-pox ? T

[Senior] He had it last year.
[Junior] And do all these boys come
7
8
[Senior] If your little girl had lived,
far would she have got in her teens ?
10.
[Junior]
11.
year
'.
One
after the other, without
old
[Senior]
a break. There were nine born, and there are
nine there
alive.
it
possible
Well,
me
sir,
a clever
is
quite a t&u-sun niang-niang.

a fortunate man, indeed.
;
Fortunate
[Senior]
sinned in a previous existence,
8.
elder children are a little
more
You're
Well, we're
'
ffi
any
3-
^p
4- JJJ
lit.,
to
tl
sao 3 , the wife of one's elder brother
,-hih',
class
9-
jjl Îf
m '^
^C l
"'"in-hsiang,
12.
someone had taught
it
her,
which sense
it
may be used
literally; here, figuratively,
^|
q.d.,
the person addressed being
with cha, a sound of chattering.
j/} jtng', used only in this sense of the loss of a child.
was
subject,
ta sao-tzii, wife of one's eldest brother
8.
beholding,
was asked a question on

she would come out with a long
If she
to be this relative.
Jit niu', a girl
"pj"
you how you
~J* ts'un liao, there are preserved, there are alive.
7-
11.
to ask
put forth flowers, to blossom.
^ ^C
and
the trouble of bringing up.
6.
IO
so different
and not omit a word. A child like that is

as good as any ten. 12 Mine here are not worth
complimentarily assumed
5.
name even now makes
She looked
it
story, just as if
""'" chicn, standing shoulder to shoulder; in

in consecutive order.
fefe
that was a nice child.
and her manner was so quiet; 10 and
anything.
alike in this
hua, to have the small-pox
c 'l tt
of her
feel for you.
were,
grandchildren are always discontented because

1
Ah
[Senior]
11
quite touched one to look at her.
That little tongue of hers, too, could talk of
must have
think.
The
[Junior]
Folks that have plenty of children and
9.
world.
2.
so erect,
bearable, but
all
she would be ten years
when she came forward
the chatter of these younger ones makes a din

that gives me the headache.
her seventh
in
talked so differently from other children. If

she was brought in to see anyone she stood
must say that your good

mother and an experienced
in sober earnest I
lady
nurse
she was alive now.
The mention
Is
[Junior]
7.
if
1
She was
[Junior.]
when she died
one after the other

6.
how
Jfi
'
ao t'ien-yeh, the old lord of heaven, providence.

;
the character
'4 she died;
lit.,
may
is
said to have been introduced from Corea, where it
is
used as a surname.
was not, came to be not; generally read met ti.

is ngan-ching, quiet, and hsiang-hsi,
be used of demeanour that
careful.
Observe the construction: the e,rh makes a substantive of k'o lien Men, with tender feeling
touched one as soon as one beheld her; crh, a person, to look on whom moved one directly; ti, of that
I'o lien.
she.
]|( -f-
f[
tiny sink ko,
would be a substitute
for ten: ting, in the sense of tang*, to serve for.
PART
THE HUNDRED
V.
I.KSSONS.
337
LESSON LXXXVIII.
1.
when
you,
sacrifice
really too
had eaten
of
tlemen,
did you ?
dear sir, not a word.
My
and
It
4.
5.
occupied; the pigs have to be killed
and
their
things keep
no one I could
invitation, for I
have
to
that
is
and
up,
all
hands so busy that
make
[Visitor.]
3.
made
insides
their
a messenger
Oh!
know
had
enough that
you
3H pei
midnight.
The pei
observed that
2.
38
^C $3
5'
6.
7-
word
^
~~
(a
jou
is
such an occasion
This fashion you
offered about
on
quite out of order.
is
used only with reference to
chi shin, offer [pork] to the spirits,

is
Friends
it.
*<-.,
Manchu
sacrifices (prepared
of their ancestors, shortly after
8 on the evening of the
interchangeable with teng, a lamp, but in the latter case
same day.
is
It
read teng
should be
1
.
with a knife any beast or bird good for eating, though an exception should perhaps be made
the meat which has been offered in the chi shen sacrifice, and which on the following daj
is
There are two chi shen
hsii* ch'ih, in
mf
i 'i") as
j'oo
i'o
1
,
sacrifices
order of our teeth, that
is,
on successive days, followed by one pei teng
sacrifice.
our ages.
a stream uninterrupted, the seniors not ceremoniously declining the upper seats.
properly, a bubble
classically k'o*, to
signifying bounty.
spirits.
a stirrup,
tH
'if!
They
formalities
are introducing of pressing your visitors
behind the lamps, in the dark

lights.
What?
game.
friends are invited to eat.

4-
lit.,
teng sacrifice, also of pork,
(tang*},
3
?J? tnii , to kill
in the case of
3-
teng ;
removing the
after
sir
this
door when they depart.
come along with me and eat your ta jou. 3 We

did fear that we should be late; however,
1
Eh,
like
and relatives who come for the purpose

should not either be received with ceremony
when they arrive, nor accompanied to the
an
attend to everything yourself, and

why I engaged our friends here to
by women)
to eat, gentle-
should require pressing to eat
of.
didn't wait for
well
beg you
Never was such

a thing heard of amongst us Manchus before.
The meat is your ancestors' dole, 7 remember,
and it is not in reason that your guests
these
I
[Visitor.]
me
broth over the meat.
little
on an occasion
are
Let
[Host.}
Put 6 a
men.
was just
Now, gen-
to the trouble
;
it,
my duty
going to send to you to invite you to come
over but you know how all my people here
to present
we won't put our host
of attending to us individually let us just sit

down in a row/' wniores priores* and begin.
why
[Host.]
was
here we are in the nick of time.
good of
your morning
send your evening l
to
yesterday,
sacrifice to-day
2.
was
It
[Visitor.]
More
here and elsewhere, to pour, or to soak in liquid, as bread in milk,
be able
etc.
here, without meaning, k'o-shih being simply used to represent a
politely these sacrificial viands are called jp$
f^
(shen
yii),
Manchu
the leavings of the am-estva
TZD ÊH CHI.
338
COLLOQUIAL SEKIES.
LESSON LXXXIX.
When we
were in Manchuria 1 we used
2.
go out after game regularly every day, and

one day that I was out a roe-deer 2 sprang
out of the grass before me. I laid on with
let fly
i.
kept
horse at
my
and the
it,
I got well up with the roe-deer, I

another arrow, but this time over his
4
Strange to say, a deer that was coming
cantering over the brow of the hill in my
head.
the whip immediately, and then I let fly an

arrow at him. It fell a little short, and by
direction stood right into
the time I got my hand behind me to draw

out another, I could only just see his tail
he
Such a throw
but,
really;
as
I gave chase with all the

it.
could
but he topped the next
muster,
speed
hill and was off down the far slope of it.
shot,
and down
is
good a joke,
too
they say, you get a thing
always when you
the hill next to
my
fell.
3.
bobbing, and, in the twinkling of an eye, he

was over the crest of the hill 3 and breasting
least expect
it.
may
as
well keep the story to myself, however, for

if I
Bi IK kvan-tung, the country
moment
to
'
Well,
were to
tell it
only a traveller's
east of the Shan-hai
Kuan, the
barrier
people would think
it
was
tale.
which divides Manchuria from China
Proper.
:i
p'ao*, a small deer,
which WILLIAMS surmises
may
be the nylghau, but other authorities declare to be
roebuck.
3-
ill
lUf
shan
ch'ien, the front, the opposite side, of the hill I
was wang shang, ascending, the next

4-
,gg hi, evidently not the
was ascending; having passed
this,
the animal
hill.
same
as the p'ao, though
what other
species of deer there
is
nothing to show.
PART
V.
LESSON
1
[Senior.]
I find
it
weather sitting at home

have nothing to do.
2.
[Junior.]
day
idle;
It is dull, indeed.
and
I
and
in
the walls with
on
till
me
invited'
him
we came
to
for a stroll,
path
all
country, with a distant spring prospect that

was really charming. 2 Along the river banks 3
Don't take
were moving to and
1.
Ijfj
fro
day enjoying ourselves.
of me,
sir,
that I didn't ask
of birds were calling pleasantly in the trees,

and a gentle breeze blew the scent of the
Small
it ill
you to accompany us it wasn't that

to conceal our trip from you, but
against one's nostrils.
We spent a full
cheap.
the red peach 4 blossoms were looking so fresh,

and the willow 5 branches so green 6 all kinds
meadows
till
was
and we went
was
people
we reached a spot where the wood

thick, and there, all in one tableau, we
saw before us a group of people, some playing
the guitar, 8 some singing, some selling tea and
wine; and then for refreshments there were
9
live fish and live shrimps to be had, and very
went
go outside
a place that
to
it
were strolling about in parties of four or five.

My brother and I followed a narrow winding
out yesterday with a young brother of mine.
He camu
XC.
the water, and on both sides 7 of
very dull this spring

all
3311
that
we might
would be disagreeable
craft
come
without ceasing on
you, so
to
wished
feared
someone
with
in
fall
that
didn't
to look for you.
k'nang*, properly, empty, vacant; hence, disused: Ic'uang yeh, properly, desert
and
wild, but used of the
country in general as distinct from the town.

2.
love
"pj"
k'o wai.
Observe the construction
the prospect truly caused people
i'o, to
be justly
able,
sai, to
it.
3- ?ft
yen
properly yen', the shore of a sea or river
yen
2
,
along the edge
of.
the peach tree.
4-
$li t'ao
5-
$$
liu 3 , the willow tree.
6-
fH
pi*, green jadestone
fip
cm 4 a beach or shore
7-
hence, the colour of this stone, which
from yen
Note
may be
bluish green or greenish blue.
can be used alone
3,
above) in that
it
an instrument with the
finger, to play
on a stringed instrument ;
it differs
(see
e.g.,
we
say shany
an, not shang yen, to go ashore.

8.
with the
(pp fan?, to touch the strings of

finger.
9- iix
hsia 1 shrimps.
,
also, to fillip
.340
ERH
TZt)
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
The day
1.
excursion to
may
before yesterday
that
say
Western
tlio
anything more.
was
it
Hills,
3. We had punted the boat on to a spot

where the reeds 5 were thick, when, all of a
we made an
and
I really
to
impossible
sudden, the sound of a temple bell was heard,

and as it came booming" down the wind, one's
enjoy
ramble by day is pleasant

it is even more delight-
enough we know, but

ful
heart
We
rose as bright as day.
punted
themselves
gently
there
that
hill
was no saying which
and stream,
to
be
happier
we
than
were.
without either getting drunk or feeling sleepy.

4. It is but seldom in the course of one's
4
point in the hills there lay a broad sheet
of silver before us sky and water so blended
was which
had been
There we sat enjoying the thing more and

more, and we drank the whole night long
came round a
the stream, and as we
together
cares
When we had had
our dinners, we got

into a boat, and before very long the moon
down
8
felt as free as if all
its
washed away in short, we were in such a

state of contentment that I defy the gods u
by night.
2.
XCI.
life
that one lights on such a
weather n and when one
too, in perfect
to turn
repose.
12
them
to
moon 10 and such
does,
it is
good account,
13
is
a pity not
it not ?
'
I!E ft c hin hsing, exhaustively pleasurable: chin, to exhaust; hsing, for kao Using, elevation of spirit.
kao-liao hsing, towards the end of the third paragraph of this Lesson.
2.
U|
See
3
ch'ang', properly, to penetrate; to grow, to increase: ch'ang k'uai, the sensation of happiness belonging to
freedom from care ; note the tone.

to keep off an assailant with the hand
a box over-full.
1
3-
ftp
ch'eng
p'o, to burst, as
4-
Jj5f
St
5-
reeds
hao*, like a large sheet of water
hi'-wei
3?^
a reed
ken
is i
3
,
reeds, rushes;
/!
Jjjt.
with a boat, as here, to push with a pole, to punt
hao-hao, sheet-like, ju yin, as
both
may
cli'cng
silver.
be used independently, as in hi hua, wei hua, the flower of such
also, distant
yu-yu yang-yang, used of distant sounds borne upon the
bethink one, more especially of what
Hi*, to
wei-tzit.
yu', properly, mournful
6-
7-
is
to
come
to be anxious about, forethoughtful
air.
hence, rare,
anxiety, forethought.
*
8.
chieh*, all
9-
ffi
l-
1S
fijj
lang
is
3ifc
chih*, a
form, or
12.
purpose
13.
who have
died,
but who have
left this
world and become
spirits.
bright.
word of many meanings in books, most commonly to cause, in which sense it occurs colloquially
hence, the cause, the occasion but here its
chih, whereby was occasioned, the result of which was
appearance; ching, see Lesson LXV, Note 10: ching-chih, scenery, landscape.
the combination
sense
only used colloquially in some few combinations.
1 '
in
ch'u shih, not
4Jj|
;
t'u
with
Jff?
2
,
ti,
originally, to
walk on foot; hence, a tramp, a rowdy; also, empty; hence,

it means an apprentice, pupil, or neophyte.
t'u jan, in vain,
to
no
a younger brother,
tu', to cross over, to pass
have vainly passed so many years
through:
here, t'u
jan
vainly to pass; used humbly, elsewhere, in stating

means to have passed by without availing oneself of.
hsii tu,
hsii tu
one's age; I
PART
V.
LESSON
The day
1.
we went
before yesterday
a few of us, for a
it
though
stroll,
341
XCII.
4
nobody would stir; and there they sat on,
talking and laughing, until, by-and-by, they
out,
was not
worthy of the name, for, turn which way we

1
First of all, as
would, we got into difficulty.
saw that
we left the city we got off 2 the proper road, and

made a round, I can't tell you where. How-
as hard as they could.
it
was close
to sunset,
and then they
got on their horses and began to ride back
3.
By
the time they reached the suburb
by dint of asking here and inquiring

we went along, we did hit the canal
there was a slight glimmer of moonlight/' and

the people coming out of the city were all
There we seated ourselves in a boat,

and chatted and hobnobbed until we had
"
and telling us that
crying out, Make haste
6
one leaf of the gate was shut to already. This
dropped down to Tung-hua Yuan here we

turned back, but by the time we reached the
made us more anxious than
lock the sun was well down.
to
ever,
there as
lock. 3
'
So as soon as dinner was over
2.
to
them
be
off;
and
'
fP g hou
3-
pfjj
Not a
way home."
a long
tsui;
lit.,
we
fang-cho,
to receive
let
4-
3
tl chin
fiB
5-
'|3t
II? liuang
tail,
Note
hn,
JH shan
JD
7-
^'
5ft Ji|
Hi
9-
of
mind
chia
to fan
1
,
;ei
3
,
add
to
the tail end.
here, to
come
too, the
to grief, to
bank
cha-k'ou, the points on the river
have a bad time of
properly ch'eng*
it.
proper or regular road.
will,
but of their act
at
which the locks
lie
ij.d.,
their
they sat on and on.
it is
frequently used; but often,
shan*, the leaf of a door, one half of a hinge.
but often employed, as here, for the verb
Note wei 3 not

,
eh'tng
s<io
tion.
sun and moon.
sharS-tzti, a fan
properly, to
mo
it
the same.
properly, of indecision of mind, or forgetfulness, of which
as here, of the struggling light of the

6-
bit of
all
21.
not of the persons'

1
4. It was certainly an expedition with

a merry beginning 9 and a sorrowful termina-
punishment
cha', a lock in a canal, a sluice
laid
better
go our hold of cheng-ching
See Part IV, Dialogue VIII,
ports.
and we
shut out
got to walk,
all
ever,
with the whip and pressed our horses up

the wall; but the rear 8 of the party was
I said
we had
Gentlemen,
all,
the servants have
its
"
on
"
(see
3
.
Part IV, Dialogue X, Note 25);
hsing, having swept that state
away
to use.
note the tone of
.s-ao.
Ut.,
riding on; iising, a merry, exalted
-tati-
842
ERH
T/A
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
LESSON
XCIII.
2
[Visitor.] It's dreadfully hot. I suspect
i.
to do,
the very hottest 3 day we have had this

summer l there is not a breath of wind stirit's
year's
say to the pedlars, for instance, who, in order

to earn a hundred cash or so to keep them
Everything in the house is so burning

hand to touch it, and the
ring.
it
scorches 4 one's
more
"'
could see nothing else for
took a bath, and after cooling myself a little

while in the shade of the trees, I felt some-
runs off them like rain
what more at
as I
you about
my
on a
But you; what
ease.
fiery
day
like
this,
out, crying their wares
are
when
it is
yourself
2.
is
Do you
intend to
the perspiration
Are they as
well off
any pace that suits me,
to live
upon
Besides,
it
be as hot as it will, put up

and
quietly,
perhaps you may light
on a cool moment. As the proverb says, " It
with
kill
Let
it
it
be cool if you only determine it shall be."

But you won't escape n the heat if you let it
put you out at all, remember.
will
This
[Host.]
jfc
and
till
always has been, that the

should be hot and the winter should
the rule,
be cold.
Jt M
is
all
very
who have no
idlers like you,
'
10
here, writing at
summer
you are seated writing, with your head down

to the table.
What sin did you commit beyou were born
am
and with wherewithal
everyone else is sitting stripped to the middle

and even then in dread of the heat,7 there
fore
directions
all
carrying great loads, with their backs bending

under their weight and their necks stretched
so I
it,
have to run about in
alive,
cold water one drinks the thirstier one

I
feels.
and who just take your ease from one

end to the other. But what do you
fine talk for
official
business
commencement of summer, one of the 24
hsia, the
fortnightly terms into which the Chinese year
divided.
2-
3-
hot day
I5
fe
ftB $ huo te ch'i,
$g
t'ang\ to scald, to scorch
5-
j|
yiieh*, to overstep, to
6-
Jt ^S kuang-cho,
8.
nieh
"
Cf.
mai pu
ch'i, I can't afford to
if!
the action of
hence,
hit, as
a mark
Jl ft
Ji
i,
first
more, the more.
tsui
ho',
not used apart to cry wares,

"
drive on."
yao ho means
;
etc., in
fever, to suffer
nieh,
the street
in carter's parlance,
jj, yi t or
the speaker meant the
from heat.
the punishment incurred, according to the
a previous state of existence.
yao
still
ehung shu, to get a
the earliest sprouts of any vegetation
Had
or hot water.
fire
days.
Imy.
bare, naked.
shu 3 sun-heat ; chung, to
10.
afford to say.
exceed, to pass over
7- ;5f
we can
4-
9-
say,
t'ou i.
Construe the number one hot of days, the hottest of
Bl
we have had, he would have said chin t'ien ts'ai* j& (emphasising ts'ai).
Buddhists, for sin in
away
we may
""""
used in Part
~T
III, 964, as easy
><i ntiig Co
liao.
here, to change.
Note the tone
of
t'o.
also, to call to a
person to desist or to go
PART
THE HUNDRED
V.
343
LESSONS.
LESSON XCIV.
1.
to in
Hallo
[Host.]
2.
[Traveller.]
funeral of a friend.
still,
went.
Come
have been attending the

The morning was dull
on,
day was perfectly fine at noon so

But as we were on our way back I
my
of the weather
people,
;
it
rain."
as
Well,
3
came
sir.
shall
couldn't get on
as I
1.
$P
my
felt
hsiany*, brightness;
also,
coat or
3-
4-
fUjj
ch'ou*, thick, as grain
\m
skua', the sound of falling rain;

4
'H man an
,
5-
6.
f[ chan',
f|| ch'i',
8-
or
a pig
any
in
eating
have nothing
this
still,
out-of-the-way
Oh no
[Traveller.]
excuses, pray, on
my fare, sir; I'm lucky enough,

I'm sure, to have found so snug a billet to
I don't see how I could have
rest in. 7
helped
8
facing
the rain otherwise.
my
whether as bright or ringing,
it is
it,
is
here used with
intensive of ch'ing, clear,
fine.
growing close together.

it
has no other meaning; skua cannot be used of a very heavy downpour.

;
hence, any waste or expanse.
like fabric.
also written f |f
to roost like birds
ch'i shen, to rest the
body, to set oneself down.
mao-cho, running the head against: kai p'a,
facing the rain
day
expanse or overflow of water
felt,
to-morrow.
sound, in which sense, according to some authorities,
reference to the sound of the ground on a clear

2.
till
the score of
There
speaking,
steadily,
wasn't much chance of shelter, as you may
4
suppose, out there in the open country, and
5
4.
was
it's
one or two for your supper.
don't like the look
get on with you, or we
be caught in the
down
as
have got some little pigs " and

chickens of our own rearing, and we'll kill
corner
"
and
change your
you some of mine to put

so late you had better not go
I will give
much worth
saw the clouds begin little by little to gather, 2

and in no time the whole sky was overcast
so I said to
into the city
Never mind
[Host]
3.
clothes
was wet through
waterproof quick enough,

from head to foot.
in directly.
looked rather like rain at that
it
though
time, the
I
where have you been
such a rain as this
is it
indeed probable that
could have gone on without
TOT ERH CHI.
344
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON XCV.
west of the house that sounded" as
got an awful frightening last night.

I had had quite enough ' of this succession of
1.
dismal days
damp
what with
there was not
there,
whole house one could
lie
mountain had collapsed
here and
rent asunder.
a place in the
with fear and
my
leak
down
at last
And
5
tumbling and tossing about with-
I lay
out having slept a wink until after morning

bells I then closed 6 my eyes deliberately, and
;
for a time I was dropping

when, just as I was half asleep, I was
roused 10 by a tremendous crash to the northafter lying patiently
2.
really
hisin
)jj
jjfj
$i
wiri*,
3-
J&
4-
OTJ"
ting
it
ahnu,
fco
-fsao
3
,
io
is
Yao 3 can
also
opened
te,
like that.
raining
sc.,
it
had attained
colloquially, to sting
be applied to the bite of
stung me,
te,
6.
PJ
pi* t to close
fS>
~T
jjjj
ping
l|Sj
hsiang
fife
tou 3 colloquially, of heights, precipitous, descending abruptly: tou-jan, suddenly.
7-
8.
9-
10.
n.
^
|lj
13. 1$;
14.
'tao > I
it
kuan
(see
Part III, 63), with which
perforce I closed
the sound of a landslip

3
used alone.
it
was
forwards: fan, to turn over; fu, to come back to the original position.
often used with
bore
is
my
it is
almost identical in meaning.
eyes and bore the annoyance a
little
while.
used classically of the death of an Emperor.
to sound; properly written as in Lesson
XCIV, Note
i.
t'u*,
from a spring
12.
$n
books,
to such a degree that,
S /a"
until, etc.
insects.
S8
4
/ ' backwards and
had rained
tsao, in
5-
to,
bugs.
a character not recognised by the dictionaries;
properly, of talk that bores one
hard to bear them.
roar
ch'ou ch'ung, stinking insects,
or Isao', fleas
was no longer a novelty: observe hsia
mosquitoes, gnats
4
or the earth been
lay ever so long trembling

heart going pit-a-pat, 11 until
sleeping man's powers of endurance, an up-
off,
1.
nothing in the
:;
There
if
my eyes, and seeing that

room had been injured, I sent
out to ascertain what was the matter, and
was told that it was the end wall u of a
neighbour's house that had come down, undermined ls by the rain.
it's
3. Dear me
something beyond a
in to sleep.
then the mosquitoes, 2 the bugs, 2

and the fleas
bit * me beyond endurance.
2.
)jj
come upon unawares;
properly, to
to butt against:
t'u t'u ti,
knock, knock, as water bubbling up
here, of one's heart.
shan
ch'iantj, the hill-shaped wall, the
Hn*, vulgarly Ida
jg| chin*, the
shock of such a sound
2
,
to soak or moisten
gable of a house.
with dropping water; also used passively.
shock of a clap of thunder, or to shock like one: how thing

?
te ch'i,
could a
man go
through, the
PART
345
V.
LESSON XCVI.
Yesterday morning when I got up it
was so dark I thought the sun could not
i.
have risen
yet.
stepped out into the court
and I saw that it was daylight, but

Howthat the sky was as black as pitch.
I
was
I
a
and
face
wash,
ever,
going
gave my
to look,
to
spit,
and soon
steadily
when
the yamen,
for
start
after I
so I sat
heard
down
it
again,
3-
thought
and that
it
it
was
But
day and
it
till
was too violent to
would wait a
held up.
all
in a perfect torrent.*
all
little,
last
and
very long,
start
was quite out;
it
rained
night without stopping; nor
after breakfast this
morning that
the sun began to show himself a little. It's

fine seasonable rain though, for all that.
I
and
should think the ground
began to
I
might
everywhere.
to be fair.
is
well
The autumn crops
saturated
are certain
the sound of a clap of thunder; not used alone.
^'*'
' e^ 2
fllj
ch'ing', to turn out the contents of
thunder
p'i-lei
when
coming down
it
have been seated time enough to drink a cup

of tea, when there was a clap l of thunder, 2
'
and the rain came down
combines the ideas of the suddenness and loudness of a clap of thunder.

anything by upsetting
it:
ch'ing p'en, a bowl upset.
44
346
ERH
TZfr
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON
It
i.
that
it
was so cold the night before

woke me up, and I lay awake
last
till
morning. The moment it was light I jumped

out of bed, and on opening the door to take
a look,
found the whole place glittering
white 2 with snow.

2.
after
o'clock,
to
it
had
snow harder
the
began
grew larger and larger, and came flut34
down. Said I to myself, " I've
tering wavily
nothing to do; I wish a friend would drop
;
flakes
in for a chat
3.
To
moment
some
how
is
this to be
managed
great delight, just at that very

hi came the servants and announced
I told
$|? tung*, to freeze
'
them
yeh
to
li
shang tung,
<jh
3-
IS
p'iao
4-
JiB,
y&o
5-
$&
fit yiiehfa,
jljjf
lung', to prepare a stove, to
'
6-
P ai Hang*
jfi!
1
2
!
friends to walk
my
in,
which they
The
did.
wine and other things that were ready were

brought in, and we sat sipping our liquor
it
we had the door-curtain 7
how
rolled well
to see
up
things looked, and there before us was
a superb 8 snow scene that beat anything one

had ever beheld. The snow was falling thick
in all directions
it.
9
;
hill,
The
stream, and woods,
sight
made us
We got out the chess-board
ever.
10
jollier
all
than
and played
it was
two games, and after dinner, just as

dusk, our party broke upi
put out some-
&
(;
white with
?"
my
visitors.
thing to eat and drink, and to light a pan

of charcoal.
Then I made haste and asked
without hurrying ourselves, until by-and-by
About eleven
breakfasted,
XCVII.
freezes at night.
Note the tone
Hang*, glittering white.
of liang.
to whirl round as wind.
the same as p'iao, unless combined with which
more than
See Lesson
ever.
make
it is
XCIII, Note
fire.
not found.
5.
See also Part III, 198.
The
dictionaries do not recognise
this term.
7-
S.
snow
j|
iJH
lien',
ya
scene, as
9-
10.
3
,
a curtain, a screen, properly of

of anything that
is nice,
refined
compared with anything, was
i$J
/*
|fi
in
numbers and
split
bamboo, but
ch'ing
also used of those
ya may be
materials.
said of scenery, of the interior of a house, etc.
the
fine.
in confusion
can be used of rain as well as snow.
Note
i p'an ch'i, a set of chess-men and board;

There are two other ways of writing ch'i 1
i-h'i'-p'an is a chess-board;
liao i p'an, played one game.
composed of other
3
hsiieh* pai, not hsileh
c/t't-fcft'-Vfc,
chess-men: hsia
PART
V.
LESSON
1.
and
it
Yesterday we were all at the yamen,

was a fine clear day, without a breath
All of a sudden, the sun began to

look gloomy, 1 and I said to the rest of them,
of wind.
"
the look of the weather
I don't like
we
XCVIII.
2
up with the cold. People were all hissing'

and blowing, and running to keep themselves
warm.
As for me, I got on pretty well at first,

had my back to the wind; but when
I came to breast it, the cold set my cheeks
and my whole face tingling as if they had
4.
for I
are
going to have a blow, and we had best be

off."
They all thought so too, and we broke
up
home when the

The way in which
the blast roared through the trees was something awful, and this continued until after
midnight, when the wind lulled a little.
3. But as I was coming here this morning
I
had
just reached
storm began in earnest.
been pricked with needles. My fingers grew

so stiff 3 that I couldn't hold my whip; and
accordingly.
2.
remarked that everyone
'
pitiful,
2.
'H
life.
hsi', the
very spittle became ice before it could

reach the ground, and broke in pieces as
my
it fell.
5.
such
Never did anybody
in all his life
sec-
cold."
met was doubled
ts'an 3 tan*, of weather,
heart-rending
347
gloomy
ts'an, of the sky,
sad
generally, cruel, inhuman, or, adjective!)',
tan, of the sun's rays, weak.
sound of drawing the breath in
3-
aft lien*, of the fingers stiffening
4.
J^ {^
chu
shuai sui, broke in pieces as
ha, here, the sound of the breath emitted.
lien, so stiff that
it fell.
they could not
chii,
keep their hold of anything.
348
ERH
Tztr
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
LESSON XCIX.
Man
1.
stands
of
highest
created
all
brings, as being possessed of reason.
know good from
did not
understand the rule of
he
differ
from the beasts
evil, if
education
8
he
If
creep.
right rule
3.
ever since he has
fellow,
him
speak.
made everybody
if it
all
this
disgusts people
unpopular his way of talking makes him;

but no, not a bit of it 9 he bears himself as
me?
Now,
it
flesh
like a dog's
he had any of the proper sentiments

ought to have, he would feel how
man
with proper respect, is it not; that I should

show a certain deference to you, and you
to
else;
one's
more
is
4. If
>.
that each should treat the other
is
his voice
so that they can't bear to hear
Well, in the relations of friends the
2.
make
to
enough
bark than anything
he could not
wherein would
right,
is
Then
the more contented
understand
can't
and
and he was
like him,
10
in consequence.
it.
occasions, giving people
His father was always a good enough

kind of man when he was alive. What sin
whatever bad language came into his head. 4

Whether he thinks this clever, or what else
could he have committed before he was born,

to breed such a good-for-nothing as this ?
be the meaning of his conduct, I can't

but
say
just look at the man, with that illfavoured phiz 5 of his and his large paunch 6
father
time, has been
arrived this
2
on
over-bearing
all
bullying
5.
However, there's nothing before him now his

11
expended all the luck of the family.
may
He
and
to think that a genius
pretension
i
jfj
iinimals
to
imagine
like that has the
himself
ch'u*, also read hsii*
man
has come to the end of his tether, 12 and as
for rising
of
like to
originally, to breed, to rear
13
any higher, as he expects,
know how he
domestic animals
is
to
compass
should
it.
ch'u-sheng, animals, not being wild
here, the beasts of the field.
other meanings, eminent
2-
jp; hao',
3-
^H
heng< (see heng
4-
ffi
iff hsin-cho, trusting to
5-
Ci
among
^ ku
7-
de
Note
s 'i(*
by prowess, heroic
q.d.,
it
leaving
to his
is
bad
materially
sense.
hao heng, the
qualities of a bully.
mouth, hun ma, at random to abuse, people.
here used for the whole face, that

tsui-pa ku-tzit, the jaw-bones
the lower half of the face tsui pa, a slap on the face, a box on the ears.
tsui-pa-tzil,
fact-
to bulge out, as paper, a wall, etc.
here, in a
Part III, 1072), here, morally what hcng
tsui-pa, properly, the cheeks
being ill-looking.
6-
here, of the person.
properly, a sharp fellow; but colloquially, always the reverse.
8$0 $j> j u
a, the flesh creeping: ma, elliptically representing ma mil, hemp-seed and wood, used for
inanimate matter; hence, the affection of a foot asleep, or a palsied limb, which is ma mu.
g.
jjfil
t'ien 3 , thick, substantial
here, of the skin of the face
brazening
it
out,
he
pu
chih eh'ih,
is
insensible
to shame.
10. J$L
t'ou
may
ksing-t'ou, happiness, contentedness
pu hao ; that
II ft fu fen,
i '
I2
PU
be hao or
%a
*3- I?S
the
is,
amount
he
may
hsing, as in kao Using (see Lesson
XCI, Note
i)
a man's hsing-
be contented or discontented.
of happiness allotted [his family], his father hsiang chin, enjoyed to exhaustion.
chieh kuo, he has formed into fruit;
8$
sheng t'eng', to rise;
sc.,
as an
q.d.,
official.
he has done blooming, he has come to the end of his
career.
PART
V.
THE HUNDRED U-XSoNS.
LESSON
What do you mean by
leading such a
life as this ?
All you do of a day is to fill
1
your belly, and then to take up your guitar
1
or your lute
and go on strumming upon
no purpose that
make
to
propose
2.
name
you going
to get
for
have the luck
our
return, then
Recollect that the proverb says,

as much the mission of man to rise as it
your
to
be
ground that
when
and
is
We
master's.
you as a
2.
j|
ea p'i'-pa
t'ou ting,
what
3-
Bj|
4-
IS ;&
5-
3fi tun*, a blemish, as
19 Hr '*
7.
8-
my
head
4.
your regular
official
Certainly not
high in rank or
8
appointment
and
office
am
if I
not speak-
name someone
who owes
his
first
to his skill on the guitar, will
you?
sc.,
my
roof; chiao
the mind.
on a jewel.
shu, to study.
JJ* ch'u
ing the truth, perhaps you'll
fan, to play, either on
rises to, sc.,
tsuan-cho, burrowing with,
Jjl f2y pei' wu',

ffj
the
a certain stringed instrument.
hsien*, also a musical instrument
IB
qualification in
career, pray
heart and soul to such an accomplishment as
is
and remember
7
repute of being a dirty, low-caste individual.
Will your ability to play the giu'tar avail
while he
in the discharge of his

duty, devotes himself
"
It is
that,
under our feet,

owe him some
man,
"
however great proficiency you may

achieve on the guitar, you won't escape the
Manchus,
neglects the acquisition of things right and

proper for him to learn, and displays no zeal
'
Surely
to tin-
would be better
it
property of water to descend
families to the
all
Manchu.
3.
and as such we have Government rice to eat

and Government money monthly to spend.
Our quarters, from the roof 3 that covers our
are
of
a disgrace
is
useless subject of this sort.
it ?
We
he
worth your while to be studying 8 than expending all the best powers of your mind on a
yourself famous by your
guitar-playing, or are
bread by
it
C.
this guitar-playing,
Do you
can make out.
34!)
sMn,
mean and
to
dirty: pei, low, lowly; wu, foul.
commence an
official career.
it
or on the p'i-p'a.
tz'ft?,
or ts'ai
3
,
what
See Lesson
my
XC, Note
foot treads,
sc.,
my
8.
floor.
PART
VI.
THE GRADUATE'S WOOING.
352
ERH
Zir
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
PART
[CHAP.
i.
VI.
THE GRADUATE'S WOOING

OR
THE STORY OF A PROMISE THAT WAS

CHAPTER
Once upon a
1.
time,
ter's,
4
temple at P'u Chou, which was
built a
called the P'u-chiu
Ssii.
He died some years after, and his

Madame Ts'ui, whose maiden name was
age
was
CHENG/' then moved into the temple, where

she lived apart in some buildings on the west
and gravity gave great promise of future

happiness.
She was, besides, as clever as she was

She knew all history, ancient and
pretty.
modern, and she could write in all the four
side.
5.
11
She had one son and one daughter.

name was HUAN LANG the daugh-
3.
The
her eyebrows were well defined, her eye

10
clear, and her air of high breeding
!l
2.
wife,
I.
YING YiNG. 7 She also brought with her

a serving maid 8 named HUNG NIANG
she
was in close attendance upon YING YING,
who never stirred without her.
4. YING YING was just of the charming
under the T'ang
dynasty, there was a man high in office named

Ts'ui - CHIO, who, having retired into private
life,
KEPT.
son's
'
ill
W ~F>
IS
to retire into private life;
used only of retirement from
office; kuei, to
return to an original
condition of things.
2.
3-
'ff'-
ts'ui*,
a surname
IE
Note the use of
chio*
ts'eng as
is
also used only as a
name.
an adverb of past time, supplying the "once upon a time" with which the
story opens.
4"
5-
Tffl
HP
cheng*, a surname ; also the name of a feudal state in the Chou dynasty (B.C. 774-500)
P' U
c/ww, the
name
be in earnest, to attach importance

6.
JJ;
Madame
7.
8.
shih* after
two proper names indicates that the
1$
cheng chutnj, to
latter is the
maiden name of a married woman
thus,
$!; ying', the oriole;

*~f
to.
me CH&JG.
Ts'ui,
5JI ya' t'ou,
knots into which the hair

9-
of a prefecture in Shansi.
miao*
Sft
commonly called huang ying or huang li" (lf| III)'

a serving maid ya, a fork or crotch ya t'ou, lit., forked head, referring
of a young girl is tied a father can speak of his own daughters as ya t'ou.
ling',
to the
two
tufts or
charming age: miao, good, excellent;
ling, the years of one's
life,
an elegant synonym
of nien.
10. jfe
f,
3
3
high breeding: her â , excellence, tien , was of an orthodox kind, was regulated by the
titn,
canon
or standard, of education.
it-
fH
their excellence].
her mao, personal appearance, and
tt'ai, ability,
[were] shuang, equally (a pair), ch'iian, complete [in
CHAP.
PART
I.]
stylos of
ter.
discovery of someone
round hand, running

character, and the seal charac-
handwriting
hand, the
li
to lend.
12
still
in
promised
of Madame Ts'ui's.
This CHNG
nephew
an
was
HKNG, unfortunately,
especially worth-
from year to year,
His livelong day was passed hi

the
man
of means and consequence 14
playing
nothing could exceed his affectation of posi;
when you
least
was so greedy,
this,
vantage.
would cheat
needs be following their example. There was

positively nothing to be made of him.
certainly
clean away,
supplies became the

-
S:
3ff
running hand
ft
'3-
ts'ao li 4
expected
exceeded
10
And
it.
then he
always after some small adwith money he
22
if
He
he could not bully him.
was an out-and-out
rascal.
himself as best he might, empty handed, 2

without a fraction of income of any sort to
-'
for
such a degree of distress was he reduced.
life
chuan*, the four kinds of Chinese text
a wife's brother's son.
J3i>
21
to this
sist
a style introduced shortly before the Christian era
li,
cMn
Jj
and foraging
purpose of his
sole
until, in fact, it
Added
For these reasons he was despised by

everybody, and, little by little, he had to sub-
The upshot was that a fortune 15 he

had hail of over ten thousand taels was all
squandered
month and
to
8.
7.
17
month
Any man he found
that whatever he saw people doing, eating

choice fare or wearing fine clothes, he must
16
18
he was very
dangerous. He would speak you fair, and be
20
so that you came to grief
tripping you up,
the original loan.
less person.
Another bad habit he had was
of these ran on from
13
tion.
of
for his need and seeing that to the end

of time he never paid his debts, the interest
quite a child she had been

marriage to CH&NG HfiNG, a
While
who might have money
Whoever had, he would borrow
him
6.
353
THE GRADUATES WOOING.
VI.
chen, the true, fairly
chuan, ordinarily
wife's relations are distinguished as nei
known
formed
ts'ao,
the
as the seal character.
when they belong
to the males of her
and as wai when they belong to the females thus, Madame Ts'ui's brother's children were her nei chih-'rh and
nei chili ml-'rh, her sister's children were her wai sheng' ($f 5$}) and wai sheng nil-'rh; her brothers stood in the
relation of nei hsiung and nei ti to her husband, whose own sister's children were both her and his wai sheng and wai
2
s]ii in/ nil; his
brothers, elder and younger, being Madame Ts'ui's ta po (fc f&) an d hsiao shu (jj> jjjj) respectively,
family,
3
Peking, ta pai -tzti and hsiao shu-tzU; Madame Ts'ui's sisters, elder and younger, standing in the relation to
and hsiao i respectively. |f[, lit., constant, regular.
her husband of ta i* (fc
or, in
^)
'4-
a stall
1
(sc.,
5-
'6I
7-
8.
$f-
~f
p'ai
of wares)
is
to arrange in order, to set out; hence, p'ai-tzti, ostentation, display; pai 3 chia-tzti,, to set out
much the same sense. Note that jjg when used in the sense of only is read ching 4
used in
1. fortune
squandered.
fJ|J
'"
$1
|j!
'o
2
,
tang-'rh, that would serve [to maintain], chia, a family or home.
See Part IV, Dialogue V,
to forage, to
"cadge":
lo,
Note
9.
a net; looked about, sou, for what he could net,
_^J, ran on from month to month and year to year: both chi* and
lei
lo.
(note the tone)
mean to
accumulate.
'9-
2O
2I
tfa
*>
in addition; see
$? ~F> trip
to put the hobbles on.
who
RB
&
has seen
covets every
22.
doors to
"J"
little
new
ij$ ping
}i|j
jiff
Part III, 1076.
pan-tzit (see
Note that yu, or some
similar adverb,
must precede
Part V, Lesson XXII, Note 4) are properly hobbles;
ta.
_t $f -f,
greedy; strictly speaking, "shallowness under the skin of the eyes" is applied to a person
is generally used to indicate the childish
greediness that
and has no experience, but the expression
object.
1
,
to cheat, to do out of; properly, to pull a
make them shut
23. ;|s
vou U P
bow; peng-kung-'rh, the bow attached by the Chinese to
of themselves.
ch'iian'-t'ou, the fist:
tsuan ch'iian-t'ou, to close the
fist.
45
354
Tztr
EKH
COLLOQUIAL SEKIES.
CHI.
CHAPTER
man named
had been
it
occupation
T'IEN
RH,
whose
do jobs
to
up,
people.
and borrow a
little
money
of him.
With-
out loss of time he slipped on an old doublet

that was of something between a green and a
blue, and so worn that it made a terrible show.
sole
for other
He had, as a fact, begun with nothing,
II.
3.
suddenly remembered that there was still

one friend to whom he might apply for assistance'2
ii.
On the day in question it occurred to

CHENG HENG that he ought to look this friend
was his destiny,1 however, that he

should be rescued from his difficulties.
He
It
1.
[CHAP.
As soon
as
it
was
he saw at a glance
on,
that,
but had succeeded in establishing himself, and

at the time we are speaking of he was worth
on purpose,7 there were also two buttonloops off, which he had to stitch on, and then
of his career his conduct
he perceived that his cap had no throat-lash

either.
But he had no time to mend this,
means
At the commencement
had not been by any
but he was now a reformed
as he
as
a good deal of money.
correct,
character. 5
2.
CHENG HENG, having no
if
was
afraid of missing his chance;
so
away he went with his cap in this condition,

8
wagging his head from side to side preten-
abilities of his
own, had in earlier times associated himself

as a partner with T'IEN
RH, and the two had
tiously, till
he got to T'IEN
knocked at the
RH'S,
when he
door.
been closely linked together 6 in various shady

transactions.
'
&
fiS>
read hiio* kai, it was his destiny: ho, lit., to correspond to, to meet; kai, what ought to happen. Note
mean " served him right," but that the bad or good fortune, as the case may be, was foreordained.
that huo kai does not

2.
3-
^ ~ pang
J|jj
chu', to assist
hang' irh, the second in the family
fj
M
:
4-
lit
S5 4&
^ "T
some such word as

subscriptions
6.
4J
^
jjji
hang, a row, a
Note
list,
line,
a series
second in the
is
cfe'e
list (q.d.,
of sons).
73.
do odd jobs for other people ; lit., to hoist the

often used with the object placed between the two characters ; thus, J
la 1 p'eng*
ch'ien*, to
(p'mg) and drag the
sail
Jg-
$C,
a house agent.
properly jff jj.
shou 1 lien 4 , was a reformed character:
wild oats," bad propensities,
etc.,
lien, to
gather together, as a
must be understood.
Lien 4
is
number
of scattered articles;
also read lien 3 , as
$j&, to get in
(ft, to collect debts.
Jfl fora
to 1 lien'
huan, a ring of two links;
cf.
of a questionable nature.
Jjfc
7-
ti fi ^, $f>
8-
Iff f;| Bij
shake, to vibrate, or to
indicates a
10; Part IV, Dialogue IV,
XXVIII,
I?
tow rope. La di'ien is

Note that to hoist a sail
5
both characters are identical in meaning.
as if
fisi
huan 3
closely linked together;
5U H|, the Chinese

~
f@ j^ IH, to fire a
"Jl,
on purpose.
J
2/ a
t'
more violent action
lit.,
added together and linked: huan, a ring;
The above expression
is
lien
only applied to transactions
volley.
See Part III, 925.
u kuang* nao
move from
ring puzzle.
side to side
ti,
;
wagging his head from side
to side
the latter character, which
is
the two are often used together as a single verb.
both yao and huang mean to
not recognised by the dictionaries,
CHAP.
PART
III.]
VI.
CHAPTER
RH came
T'IEN
1.
soon as he had looked
him
was, he asked
it
at
in
"
;
"
And
"
2.
CHENG
fond of being complimented.

ingly much pleased to hear
pray,"
?"
and how
world,
know.
mouthful
to get a
But now,
in
your
was
sir,
opinion,
this
way out
"
for
You are right there," said T'IEN KH;

3.
men of our class a handicraft is quite out
betake
sir,
of the question."
"
4
"
True indeed, sir," said CHENG HENG

used to my comforts, 4 how should
engage in handicraft
much
so full of years
sir,
less
me
position inspires
'
IB
3-
t'ai*
?f|
%%
Your
with infinite respect. 6
are well aware,

I
sir,"
continued
have a good deal of pride 7
a very narrow way, to which I

I am here to-day,
it,
in utter despair. 9
you
it
Now
to help
me
it is
for
you
to
do
suits you."
this
T'IEN
was a fellow who
10
always had an eye to the main chance, and
he did not at all like to lose anything. So
as soon as he heard such words as these
could you,
and good actions
better off than the gods themselves.
on a pole
to ask
"j.
worthy
of
me
so or not as
am
I that
"
possible ?"
"
accord-
CHENG HENG
about me but a fine fellow [as they say] may

be ruined 8 for want of a single cash. That is
precisely my case, and there remains but one
a journeyman,
to learn his craft of him.
me
As you
CHENG HENG,
relative of mine,
once wanted
"
6.
don't
He was
speak in this way.
This was a happy hit on the part of

HENG, for the man T'IEN was very
5.
where do you come from

come from my house, sir," replied
CHENG HENG; "I have not a cash 2 in the
said he,
III.
as
him and seen who
walk
to
and
to the door,
355
he bounced out before he had time
"
himself,
ou, to raise or lift the head: t'ai, to raise or
11
"
Your idea
means
lift,
is
also to carry
to
to stop
get something
between two or more
men
$j; -f- $J, chair-bearers.
yf
* fi n
t$|
'
w>2- fen
is
the one-hundredth part of a tael
See Part V, Lesson
LXXX,
Note
wen
is
the nunierative of cash.
7.
~f $}, accustomed to comforts shou yung, comfortable, is elliptical shou, in the matter of what
yung, in what one makes use of [there is sufficiency] a sufficiency in the requirements of daily life
in other words, comfortable surroundings as compared with $j* jjfc, bodily comfort.
4-
ffi
one enjoys or
tft
gets,
5-
IB!
6-
^1 5i
how much
ho k'uang,
"51,
mu
hsien*
4
,
less?
to admire
lit.,
the
how much more?
first
word meaning
to admire as superior to oneself
the second, to feel
devotion to as superior to oneself.

7-
l^r
IS y an 9*
yjfo
j|jj
f h'i,
pride: lit, to hold
up
one's spirit; not to
be overridden; proper pride, or
self-respect, is
it is
down
pieh
synonym
tao 3 , to crush: pieh in its original sense is
for suppression,
9-
Io
3& RT
may
&
Jjjj
^,
an ulcer or abscess which has not yet burst; hence

to hold one's breath,
JU
pieh tao in the present instance means to crush under the weight,
ruin a man.
one's indignation
of] a single cash
sc.,
of feelings, etc., as
See Part IV, Dialogue IV,
fa4
Note
^ ~~
q.d.,
fit
"P Jl-
of poverty
to
keep
[the want
49.
an advantage out of anything: chan, lit., to encroach upon; he only looked

ffi OS. 'S. chan p'ien i,
to (chih kn ; see Part V, Lesson XLII, Note 3) tzti-chi chan p'ien i, getting a personal advantage, the main chance
he was a shou-'rh, hand, that would positively (chueh) not suffer loss.
-
to get
"
76
^r> involuntarily, in spite of himself.
356
TZtJ
12
for nothing;
what
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
"Whatever you
it?"
is
ERH
besides, that I
please," answered CHIANG HENG; "it matters
have not paid
[CHAP, in.,
iv.
off in full, 15
and
in addition to all this, the crops have been

16
swamped by the floods ; I have a little money,
not what."
time, I
but not more than just enough 17 to pay my

own way. And then there is another matter;
assure you," said he

"I have lost money in
business my stock of goods is low, and the
had some idea 18 of purchasing myself a

I
grade, and of buying some land as well.
no longer what can be made on

they have to be sold off cheap for what
14
and just now
ready money they will fetch,
business is at a standstill.
I owe money,
can't
8.
T'IEN'S countenance
"You have come
changed at once
an unfortunate
at
13
them
12.
te'ou* ch'iao,
^5
H 7
4-
i5
let
I'll
'S6.
3-
?R
7-
1 8.
it
for nothing (see
opportune;
$ Men
you have
to
lit.,
mai pu shi 1 to
on credit wo shS cho,
,
swamp,
Part V, Lesson
to
money
lending
LXV, Note
6)
else ?"
anyone
read hsiin', to look
Note
sell
I'll
cheap without giving credit:

take it on credit.
the, to
buy
for.
or sell on credit;
wo
she
i.
to drown; used of persons or things, but with the former in combination with 5E> as yen
iH US
chin 3 kou, only just enough: chin, only, scarcely, exactly, with nothing to spare.
#j|f,
abort
|0 ^
myself; just
I should be
a combination of fortuitous [circumstances].
See Part V, Lesson III,

1
yen
drowned.
1
want something
hsin', to
kei ni,
ssti,
'3- Til
make both ends meet 19

think, now, how is it possible
is
question
**#*
chuan pu k'ai, can't make both ends meet: both chou and chuan mean to revolve; chou
k'ai must be here used in the sense of clearing a passage, as in tsou k'ai, to get out of
K'ai has often the force of the adverbial termination able, which is the
the way, fen pu k'ai, undistinguishable.
Chou chuan pu k'ai, the circle or revolution
property of many other words in Chinese, such as jg 'fff, jfc, etc.
19.
j)!|
JJU chou*
chuan, a complete revolution
( q.d.,
of
my
daily expenditure)
is
uncomplete-aife ; there
is
a block in
CHAPTER
"
That
i.
purchasing
of
grades,"
CHENG HENG, when he had heard what
the
unwary;
purchase of land
How many
may
ask
_L fa shang
-
are
is
right enough.
you now farming,
"
"
acres
a$ st ~T
that will do,"
sir,
2.
T'lEN
"
tang', to fall into a trap.
wiN
that's
do, is
good enough
"
"
Are you
"
mind your own
my
abruptly asked
business, and don't be
keeper ?
4
playing the dog after the mice, meddling with
CHENG HENG
what doesn't concern you."
was too great a coward ever to put himself
in
that cannot be k'ai, cleared away.
IV.
said
other had to say, "is simply a trap for the
it
See Part V, Lesson
a qualified approval.
the
way
XL, Note
of a collision,
and finding
his
I.
Note that pa
4
liao without the prefix too
means
enough of the matter."
6 mu and upwards are equivalent to an English acre.

;
4
3
(? kou na hao -tzu; hao-tzu, a rat, a mouse; distinguished as to or hsiao: to
meddle with what does not concern one, the catching of rats and mice being the business of a cat, not a dog ;
Jj! (Radical 208), being
p^ is merely another form of D|J (see Part III, 983). Eats and mice are also called
distinguished as ta and hsiao.
3-
Bjft
mu3
a Chinese measure of land
4-faJ^^-y^
H?
ftfi
PART
CHAP. IV.]
vi.
whose tone had been pleasant enough,

suddenly changing his front, he made equal
"
Every man," said he, is bound
know how to stitch and patch 9 you
to
"
haste to say,
Dear me I only wanted to
borrow a little money of you if there was
if nothing, noanything to be done, good
you
And
containing a
man who was

When he saw
The proverb says
only joking.
but dirt
"Now,
sum
We
as
"
don't
on
the
"how many
and
stove-bed,
things do
"
HENG.
any
So
mean
to say that
you are
me any number," said CHENG

am concerned, the more
ready to give
far as I
'
[and mine is engaged in this matter].

two were as great friends once upon a time
was possible
it
and
for us to be,
the better."
8.
would
it
"
give you but one article," said

Take the first that comes to hand
no occasion for you to be picking and
there
I shall
"
T'IEN.
be to ignore all our past claims 7 on each

other, wouldn't it, if I were to let you tell me
is
choosing."
the story you have told me to no purpose ?

8
he went
4. Then after a short pause
on,
said he,
You
7.
Money
well,
sir,"
of articles of dress,
out
it
you want?"
'
one's reputation is worth
number
opened
having
ready to face any conditions).

that CHIANG HENG was going away, he came
round at once, and said with a smile, " I was
is
will
you a present of something
6.
T'IEN was a piece of gristle that always
3.
turned the edge of the knife 5 (a
"
Saying which he brought out a cloth

10
more or less the worse for wear,
wrapper
thereupon he rose
to go.
up
me make
let
like that," said T'IEN,
new?"
don't see what occasion there was
for this sort of

thing."
making fun of people."
"Don't talk
5.
needn't be
thing
"
and over
friend,
357
9.
CHENG HENG took no
"That's a worn-out old thing you have
talking his eye
mending your own
which he drew
on; are you

clothes ?"
still
to
up
CHENG HENG blushed up
to roll,
the same
to the ears
lit
upon
11
a brand
new 12
cloak,
out, taking care to observe at

"
This is no great things."
time,
t5 /J 15 kun3 tao chin 1 gristle that turns the edge of the knife, a tough customer, one on whom it is not
make an impression; also, a man who is ready to face any emergency: kun, to turn, to mil over; ff j;J
as a dog or a mule, in the dust kun also means to bubble, to boil, as kun
shui, boiling water, but k'ai shui is
5-
easy to
notice whatever
of this illiberal speech, but while T'IEN was
more common.
6.
7-
abandon
8
:1| /ere
FJiJ
dung fen
J5 SH
Part
for kuiig, see
1$
t'u,
T ~~ Hi
2,
earth used for manure, as the sweepings of streets, etc.
Imng 1 thin
Iff ch'ien
c/t'i
4
,
the merit of past service utterly thrown away:
ch'i,
to fling away, to
III, 1042.
after a pause.
3.
articles,
not found apart from fing ; chan 4 an opened

as a division between the "uppers" and the sole of a boot, an open seam in the
timbers of a boat, and so forth
pin fen
shih,
10.
j |f
Tit
pao'-fu*, a wrapper:
n-
fit,
seam
lien 2 , a seam,
XXXI,
/tf?
seam, generally applied to hard
to stitch a
9- !>t fel ?jt
a matter which
but
it is
it is
one's proper share or lot to perform.
a square cloth, properly read/u 2
?fr OJI 7g |t>

upon: leng yen, an unprejudiced eye; an eye that looks upon a thing for the
first time, or that is not influenced by
familiarity with the object contemplated e.g., a person is ill, and he invites a
friend with whom he is not in constant contact to look at him with a leng yen and tell him whether he appears worse
his eye lit
than he did some time previously as the people in constant contact with him regard him with an accustomed eye
(^5 Sft ~T)> t'lev are no * a e to appreciate the difference in his appearance.
;
I2
first
3
v\ W( chan hsin', brand new, just cut off [from the original piece]: the character ? (chan*) appears in the
work and is also given in WILLIAMS'S Dictionary, but native dictionaries support the first reading.
edition of this
TZU ERH
358
"Chut!" said T'IEN
10.
"
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
"
RH, with a sneer,
14.
13
Keep what you have for yourself,"

RH; "I want for nothing; and
it
Try and put up with
you will disgust
if
show
are
never satisfied.
that
people
you
you
Take the thing and go your ways but once
said T'IEN
out of this house, mind, I won't undertake to
with you as well."
11.
else
now
fifty
catties in it;
it."
change
"
?
"I should
12.
say," said T'IEN,
had best make up your mind
"
that
at once
if
you
"And
what," said
here
it,
you might take
CHENG HENG,
what
do
shall I
she-ass
lend you to put
it
15
on,"
"
?
here
that
said T'IEN
and play the spendthrift
CHENG HENG promised most empha-
what little thing shall I

he thanked him,
have the honour of presenting you with in
tically
return
friend good-bye,
17.
that he would not, and bidding his

away he went.
10
?"
along
my
there now, don't go

any more."
as
it
are too thoughtful, really," said

"but it's out of
power to
"
"
a sack of rice with
is
weight
"I've a stout
6.
I will
you
take this you'll have done very well."

13.
"You
CHENG HENG;
u such a
lift
it be
changed for something
asked CHENG HENG, smiling.
"Might
now
think of
15.
iv., v.
[CHAP,
1
'3- ^L @> poo han*, put up with, keep one's opinion to oneself; used generally with reference to presents given,
2
or as an apology for a blunder, etc.
f^ "S "&
Si 5i ft> he is inexperienced, make due
H. i^ IS
i&
:
N.B.
allowance for him.
$1
'4-
phrase
Dialogue
ti
liu\ to carry in the hand, to carry by one's side or lift from the ground: the value of liu in this
N.B. Ti 1 , not t'i*, as in Part IV,
it is a colloquialism probably peculiar to the North.
to discover;
II, 36.
1?
15-
for
\vl
is difficult
Shih*, not shUi*.
some reason
'6-
3
ts'ao Hi, a she-ass: ts'ao, the female of equine animals, but colloquially only applied to asses and,
or other, to domestic fowls, though generally without the radical "horse."
iHJ
-tj3J
Jf
fi^
emphatically, decisively: ch'ieh', to chop
up
(see
Part V, Lesson LV, Note 7);
also, a
particle expressive of earnestness, emphasis, or sincerity.
CHAPTER
I.
old
For
all
a coat as
his promises, unfortunately the

in him, and he
went straight
to a
gambling house that he
to frequent.
The people
at
sighted.
play there were men whose experience of the

outside world was limited. 1 They were aware
that
CHENG HENG had
of late been without
something
of any kind, and they were quite surprised to see him all of a sudden with such
'
-
8 j& 8 1K VM Bl
3-
H.
4-
1W
5-
Note
to
does
"
don't
you?"
see
said
don't be chaffing
I want
5
of
this
for
me,
dispose
;
to eat
some of you, and

drink with the
signify to
it
us get some meat and
let
money
what say you
"
?
13.
chin-*hih*-yen, short-sighted: shih, to regard, to behold; Jfc I0i long sight.
that sense
See above, Chapter IV,
comes one of them
man, you know, and
"What
CHENG HENG
well."
means
Up
this.
"
What is this
him, accordingly, and says he,
made of ? [let's have a look ;] I'm a near-
man remained unchanged
had been used
V.
tfj
LIV, Note 3.
hua: ch'iao p'i is,
but when applied to speech it means to
See Part V, Lesson
JJC f?f chfiao* p'i
I8> to get rid
of,
either
by pawning
strictly speaking, pretty,

chair, to
or selling.
winsome,
attractive,
and
is
often used in
give a person credit for attractions he does not possess.
PART
CHAP. V.]
VI.
359
This suited his hearers well; 6 they

were greatly pleased and in no time the coat
5. Now, amongst these gamblers there

was one bald-headed fellow, 13 well known for
had been sold and a

and brought in.
as crafty a schemer 14 as any man.

He was
tho
of
the
rice
that
sight
tempted by
2.
3.
meat
Some
till
all in
bought
CHNG
down
of the party stewed
was
it
lot of things
HNG
had got with him, and taking two or

three of the party aside, he entered into consultation with them on the subject.
the
shreds 7 and smelt fra-
9
grantly others kneaded dough as fast as they
could and others baked the scons. And just
;
as all this
was being got ready, there were
some who had a fancy

It
was every man

4.
Now
for
still
my trying my
to-day, except
that what I want to do can't exactly be done
savoury dumplings.
CHNG HENG
when
by me
had
keep out
all
of
The moment that he had got
of his way.
meat and wine
7.
"
"
the proverb
Friends
is meat and
there
be
friends
when
may
only
wine going; man and wife will remain man
is
and wife where there
is
iE
*t*
ftii
tun
8.
D|f
@ ^'en
}H il
7-
11
11.
|^ |^
fjlf
'jjjj,
it
what
to his proposition;
never do to break the law h'ke that,"
they; "you must be set on your
So
far
from
own
minding what
lit.,
said he, "well
and good; but
trouble 16
am
and
if
taken up for
I get into
I
it,
may
exactly hit [the wish that was] at the bottom of (or
See Part III, 302.
stewed (or boiled) a long time until
it
was
f^j (hsi
),
watery, and J$| (Ian*), done to a shred.
hsiang, gave forth a fragrant odour: p'en, to puff out, as from the mouth.
ch'uai 1 , to
being baked on an
10.
or wishes
alike;
15
they said, however, the bald man threatened

them " If you won't join me in the business,"
nothing to cook but

no bond that holds
'IS- jus* suited their ideas
to get hold
?"
destruction."
[There
plain
in adversity but the matrimonial.]
beneath) [each man's] bosom.
me
help
and then we can divide
The men objected
It will
said
is
rice."
thing,
do you say
to give them, their friendly
True indeed
You
all alone.
the
amongst us, share and share
demeanour u returned, and they ate his meat

and drank his wine and made merry 12 with
him.
hand
to prevent
to his liking, without a doubt.
observe,
10
no money, these men would
"
learned the ways of a certain craft

"I see nothing
a long time ago," said he
6.
thump
or
knead the dough preparatory to making
scons, these scons or cakes
f$
(ping
3
)
iron,
J$f (too
).
po'-po', dumplings
cakes of various kinds.
also, small
friendly demeanour: mien, the face of eVing (short for 3>C
fjif),
friendship, tiao Tcuo lai,
was turned
round to him.
I2
drank
:
f?H
(yin).
3-
Ifi
Cf.
36 "?
tft &' a * hiiai' ch'ang*
^j $J, happy,
t'u'-tza,
free
from
fhiln
lit.,
opened their hearts
(cast care to the winds)
and joyously
(ch'ang)
t'u is also applied to the point of
a Chinese pencil or writing brush
out.
14.
|H tiao tsuan, unscrupulous
adjective expressive of general depravity.
^ iH ^) IS
care.
a bald-headed person
which from much use has opened
'S-
yin
and scheming
t'an* yuri sa?i 4
to a degree that
pu
kuo, could not be surpassed: tiao
share and share alike: chiin and yiin, or chiin yiin,
Pan, properly, to contribute to, but here merging its sense into that of son, to distribute.
mean
Cf. J*[
is
an
in even part*
fJf
j&
^>
to strike an average.
'6-
|B
law ; just as
7 y.
JB A
get into trouble; not to break the law, but to get into trouble in consequence of breaking the
is a criminal under arrest, not a law-breaker who has not been caught out
360
in
TZfr
it too."
child's play
reflected a
When a thief bites,"
If
shall only sacrifice
ourselves for nothing."
18
And
still
CHENG HENG, and
to
such a
here
lot of liquor
and when the rest were not minding

him, he stole away home with the donkey
behind him, reeling and lurching backwards
tunity,
so back they
"
said they,
There's
what say you
and forwards as he went.

11. It was broad daylight when he got to
his house, and at the same moment a man
to see who has got the

CHENG HENG tried to excuse
match
to a drinking
hardest head ?"
19
himself; "I can't carry much," said he,
had been sent by T'IEN ERH for the

presented himself, and led her oft' home.
"and
that
"
have already had my fill."

Nonsense !"
"
man, force the wine into his
20
mouth, and see whether he will drink or
I
not."
CHENG HENG was by nature
as
much
fast
as
to turn to
and drink with
hard as he could.
The drinking
went on
fifth
till
when they had
forced as
3iE f
19
4C
IP
fft fP9
ffi
not one could stand
p'an', drag
you
in for it;
well.
"
What ? "
cried he,
as he
lit.,
Robbery
in
broad day
Ah
See Part V, Lesson XIII,
drag you out.
it's
like
Note
my
10.
pai jao , for nothing; jao is here used in the sense of to throw something extra into a bargain;
ffi> throw this in as well
pai jao is to throw in something for nothing, to give absolutely away.
(Bo
IB*
SB
See Part III, 776, Obs.
jf; Hang*.
-- JH
titan
4
,
here, to
21
~fc
ffi Is
demeanour which courtesy
-
2fc
turned himself over and got off the stove-bed,

"
'7-
22
was well past noon when he woke,

first
thing he did was to look
but not a grain of rice was there

there, and the door, he observed, had been
drank so
all
It
for the rice
legs.
l &-
?G
13.
off his rice.
and the very
that they were staggering and stum-
bling from side to side
on his
a poker, and carried
the day began to break 23 in the
watch,
much
asleep.
every mortal thing, the bald man, coming

24
with
stealthily to his door, wrenched it open
21
using strong language, he became afraid that
there would be a general row. 22 So he had
them
upon it and fell

While he was unconscious of
sently he stretched himself
bad people as he was ready to bully

the gentle, and when he found his companions
afraid of
no alternative but
ass
12. CHENG HENG went in, and having

his rice and bolted the door, he sat
down
put
down to rest a while on the stove-bed; pre-
cried the bald
g.
so far
what was now taking place, he pretty nearly

guessed the truth. So he watched his oppor-
we
we
CHENG HENG, however, was not
gone; he was still half sober; and having

had his suspicions from the first, when lie saw
thought
don't do as he wants,
came
10.
This was
little.
bites right into the bone.
"lie
tin -v,
"
[CHAP. v.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
you in
don't drag
if I
CHI.
17
The men
8.
no
bed
die in iny
\t'\-
for
ERH
fc
%j
hsiin*,
kuan
yao*, to administer medicine.
using strong language; hs'dn, properly, docile, modest, humble; the humility of
requires.
i SH
$j
(p. 149).
pour forcibly down the throat, to compel to drink
"fifc
^J!J
fit ?3
>
tsao 1 Jcao*, there
would be a general row:
to chia huo-'rh, the
whole of the
would with him nao, get angry to the making of a tsao kao ; the first word is used of anything so
rotten or saturated as to have lost its consistency (see Part V, Lesson XLVII, Note 12) ; the second signifies a cake of a
Cf. tsao law, here's a mess ; used of any disastrous combination of circumstances.
certain kind.
parties associated
2 3-
?H
fii
24.
fH
ch'iao
55
4
,
fr5 fllf IBt
wen? meng* Uang*-rh, the break of day; meng,
to prize, to burst open: poker, t'ung-t'iao;
lit.,
penetrating rod.
properly, misty or foggy.
PAET
CHAP. V.]
luck; the worse
misfortunes be." 25
am
And
off,
worse
the
he went
so
VI.
361
launched a most dreadful decree 32 at him,

directing him to shut himself up and meditate
my
on, crying
and howling ever so long, making a great

noise, and to no purpose either.
He had
his wrong-doing.
upon
33
paralysis
a stroke of
some time after, and

treatment, he died of it.
in his house
The explanation of all this is that

CHNG H&NG came primarily of a bad stock.26
His father, who had held a provincial appoint-
this not yielding to
27
ment, confined his attention to taking bribes.
He had no feeling for the troubles of the
and the family, as we have just shown, being

thus unsound at the root, it was not possible,
14.
people
been allowed to run
the aged and lonely, widows, orphans,
or childless parents, 28 all alike, he
was
would have
it,
that he,
his favourite 34 son,
riot
CHNG
36
had
in his childhood,
Hfbra, should be any
good himself? So true is it that no cloth can

be drawn out of the indigo vat 36 unstained.
29
whenever a chance
something out of them
itself
he
would
turn
the public inpresented
;
terest to his
CH&NG H&NG,
15.
In the ruin that had at this time befallen
whole family 37 is seen the perfect uner38

ringness of Heaven's justice.
own account; 30 then he had no
his
capacity except for bad ends, and being at

denounced to the Emperor,31 His Majesty
last
2 S-
is
2<^
ift
2 7-
1
zft tsao
1 Hi
yang
meet with misfortune or mishap.
to
ken*-chi', stock
c&i,
j^ $g
ft
|j|'
a foundation, a basis.
sôw hui 4 lu 4 , to take bribes ; the
j$?
Cf.
first
sometimes used without the second
fx
||J, to offer
or
give bribes.
2 ^'
3
ft 3P Jt 83 iaji' fata Ait tot 3 : JitaJi, an aged widower kua, lone, alone here, a widow (commonly called
&, properly, fatherless, but here used of one without either parent tu, properly, single, but used of men in
1
:Jk $1?)
years
who have no
2 9-
JfiB
}3
3- TR
son.
lo
jPf
k'en
3
,
to levy black mail, to extort
cftia
?,/
secondary sense of to borrow
money from;
Jc'en
also
means
to detain
by
force.
own account chia is here used in its

kung* chi ssii ,
he borrowed the public [opportunities his position afforded him], chi, to further, ssii, his
turned the public interest to his
private interests.
31
32
ts'an 1 , also read ts'en (see
HI;
lei*
SI
ijgi
fan'-huan 4
34-
t'%', short
35-
KE
33-
Part III, 493 and 576), to impeach or denounce to the Emperor.
fing", both meaning thunder, are applied to the anger of the Emperor.
paralytic, paralysis
fan, paralysis
huan, a word of the same meaning never separated
from fan.
ffe
m 1?
for
feng ai
4
tsung
fa
(see
Part III, 453).
sa* yeh 3 , allowed
to scatter ; hence, to be unrestrained, to let go

4
36. gjt iQ, tien
37-
^ ^C
j$C
kang
JH
1
,
an indigo vat
ch'iian chia
(see
Part V, Lesson VIII, Note
(see
Part V, Lesson
38-
thuang
3
,
5c ?1 58
to be
(cf.
him
to ran riot: tsung, to loosen, to let go; hence, to allow; sa,
sa shou 3 , let go)
yeh, in a wild manner.
kang, an earthenware jar or vessel.
pai chin,
his
whole family utterly ruined
pai,
damaged
or destroyed, also defeated
14).
chao 1 chang', the manifestation, t'ien li, of Heaven's justice, ssil hao 2, in the minutest degree
XXXIX, Note 8), pu shuang, is not incorrect; chao 1 , bright light; chang, manifestation of light;
j|
wrong
(see
Part III, 823).
46
362
ERH
TZtJ
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
CHAPTER
And now
HENG was
think that he
YING and her maid HUNG NIANG
there he
(Miss ROSE),
like
looking, a very
handy
"
I don't
know what can be the matter

YING YING to her one day in
with me," says

the work-room; 5 "for the last few days, I
don't know why, I've had a bad headache, and
it
made me
has
feel so
been able to bear
low that
tan 1 , only.
-33
S,
4-
Jjfc
^!l ma'-li, sprightly,
5'
tja
Sit hsiu*
j!f ya',
buds
it
he was so good.
is
the thought of
and
CHENG
you
this time, I daresay

"
say to going with me to see ?
by
servant.
handy
Hj
sisters.
probably corruptly used for
not sprouts, which are miao*
(see
My
idea
him
HUNG NIANG; "if you'll please

me what you think it best you should do,
budding
fang, a boudoir or lady's work-room
told
I'll
can be used of the relationship of brothers as well as
3'
6.
is no longer a youth, and

yet
not only with half his life spent
nothing, but getting himself ill
See Part III, 308.
p'u*, master
wait upon you." "Those trees you planted

in the garden one day," said YING YING, " are
"Mayn't it be that you have some"

thing on your mind, miss ? answered HUNG
"
If I might give a guess, whether it's
NIANG.
H
i m chu
that
tell
3.
i.
when
miss," said
it."
right or not, I should say that that
Well,
a sigh; "don't begin talking nonsense the

first thing in the morning."
"Very good,
have hardly
that keeps
from
in
you
taking pleasure
anything you are
"
about."
There, there," said YING YING with
is
speech.
2.
eh
is,
when we were
and ready of
servant,
it,
doing
spoken of by everybody, I can't help detesting him. We were nicely taken in indeed
was in their private relations quite

a sister. 3 She was, to say the truth, nice-
mistress,
the cause of
in
who, although nominally the servant of her
vi.
VI.
[leaving CHENG HENG for a

1
while] let us confine our attention to YING
i.
[CHAP.
!.
hriu, to embroider.
Part III, 691).
The bud
of a flower
is
what do
CHAP.
PAET
VII.]
VI.
CHAPTER
While we leave them
1.
walk,
this tune in Hsi-lo;

2
KuNG, and
his
to go up to the capital in time for

them, talcing with him a single servant called
CH'IN T'UNG 8 (the lad CH'IN).
3. The day before they were to start the
name was CHANG
was CHUN Jui (the
his style 3
Our
since.
"We
graduate said to CH'IN T'UNG,

off to-morrow the moment it
Jewel of his Sovereign).

2. His father likewise had
held high
office, but had retired, and, returning to his
4
home, had died long
VII.
mined
to take their
us speak of a certain graduate at
let
363
you got everything ready

have?"
graduate,
is
shall be
light
have
that you ought to
though small of stature, had a distinguished

countenance; he was modest in manner and
"I have everything ready, sir," answered CH'IN T'UNG and next morning, very
and kindly disposition 6

the same time he possessed so much of
early, master and
of a courteous
complishment, whether as a
in the
way
of
man
4.
at
They had been

when they came to a
in fact, put faith in
And
him.
ney.
now, most
opportunely, while he was wishing to test the

ability within him, the year of the metropolitan examinations
2.
3^ kung
3
,
fSf
decline, to
IS
W UK
p'ei^
ffi
lit, friendly
2
,
name by which he
life.
is
known
to his friends.
9-
%j-
^ ^j
12
that they were
Note that
hsieh
is
See Part III, 858.
here used in
primary sense of to
its
fp, to apologise.
and pleasing;
in combination, courteous, friendly.
to have regard or respect for, to have confidence in
The expression
p'ei
fu
is
p'ei, to carry
on the person, as clothes
derived from an ancient poem, in which the poet says that he

:
Jjj(
f|f
^f
ifjf
^p> W-i the year of the great comparison; the metropolitan examination for the degree of chin-
shih (the highest literary grade), which is held once in every three years.
the author of the story is in the capital ; were he not, lai would be incorrect.
8-
place at
words of a certain philosopher upon his girdle and wear them constantly about him
'JK (see also LEGGE'S Classics, Vol. I, p. 160, 4).
^C Jt
their jour-
travelling
suited each other so perfectly

just like brothers.
deter-
withdraw from
lit.,
Cf. also f|J
wear ornaments.
will write the
style," or the
hsieh* shih*, to die
6-
7-
"
withdraw from.
ft 81 ho ai 3 ;
fit p'ei, to
on
a jewel; not used colloquially.
5-
^T &>
came round, and he
hao*, a person's
3-
4-
set out
some days
no great distance from which the graduate CHANG remembered that a man named Tu 10 was living;
the two had been friends in adversity, 11 anu
ac-
of letters or
exercises, that everyone,
manly
man
ch'in* t'ung
ch'i' chieh', all
ch'in, the
ready
2J$ JjC
*jj
^f
note
lai, indicating
that
Chinese lute or harpsichord; t'ung, a lad under 15 years of age.
yii
pei
ti,
prepared, ch'i chieh, to a state of completeness
chieh, to cut off
hence,
bring to an end.
10. ;fc tu 4
,
properly,
a species of crab apple, commonly called /fc
also, to
shut out, as
Pfj
f^ ^,
to deny oneself to visitors.

itI2>
(fj,
huan*, misfortune, calamity.
'fit
IS; Si*
were in harmony.
'&> suited each other perfectly: their ch'ing, feelings,
T'ou has various other meanings.
t'ou*,
accorded,
and
their
i,
opinions, ho,
364
TZtJ fiRH CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SEBIES.
5. This man, who was now in the army,

was quartered with a force under his command at the P'u Kuan, in charge ls of that barrier.
His extraordinary proficiency in martial
and
exercises
his skill in the
movement
u were such that he was known

troops
Pai Ma Chiang-chun. 15
of
as the
7. Accordingly, he did rest awhile, and

he
asked one of the people of the inn if
then
there was any place worth going to in the
"There's the P'u-chiu Sstt.

neighbourhood.
not far from this," said the man; "that's a
very pleasant place."

8.
As the graduate called his friend to

mind, it occurred to him that he could not do
better than try and make time to pay him a
6.
vii.
[CHAP.
"
Ah
"
!
said the graduate
me something to eat first,
"
;
well, get
am exceedingly
for I
hungry."
passing visit before he went on to the capital

would not interfere at all with the business
The man immediately went out and

18
a
bought
pickled chicken, and when he had
brought it in he set on with it two bowls of
he had in hand.
vermicelli prepared with sauce.
it
he arrived
at
So making a slight detour

the P'u Kuan, and alighted at
an inn that he found in the suburb [of the

He was so fatigued 16 by his journey
town].
that before going out for a stroll 17 he proposed to rest for a
3-
r 4-
fBJ
(tiao ping)
I
5-
General
sense
is
cc
it
The graduate
ate
this,
and
after
telling the people of the inn to feed his horse

and to take good care of his odds and ends,
he
left
the inn with CH'IN T'UNG behind him.
11
tu*;
lit.,
custody, to hold on guard; can be used alone, or, as here, with fang, for which, s*e
movement
has other meanings, and
T$ J?
it is
tiao
10.
little.
3
T? shou to have in
Part V, Lesson XVI, Note I.
1
9.
is
plans or arrangements
sometimes read t'iao*.
chiang^-chun*, a general; properly, a
Manchu
tiao referring here specially to the
General-in-chief, or, as he is
also the title given to certain military governors stationed
a division or army corps;
it is
also a general
term
commonly
beyond the Great Wall
for "military," as 5ft
<$, military
movement of troops
called, Tartar
chiin in its original
affairs; jf[
munitions
of war.
J6-
also
$fc lao* lu*, fatigued: loo*, labour, trouble; In, properly, the unevenness of stony ground.
Lao
In
may
be used of hard physical work.

1
7-
T&
xSl
J/
huang*, to stroll: yu, to roam or saunter about; in Peking, more commonly '{?
P ^
ff
(liu' to').
3
3
shengt-k'ou a salted chicken: lu, brine, pickle; a chicken, which is generally called hsiao chinot
(or
unfrequently spoken of as sheng-k'ou, an animal, to avoid the risk of making the mistake of giving
the word chi an equivocal meaning by the addition of a common affix which is likely to slip out involuntarily.
*8-
feft
?fi %k.
erh), is
CHAP.
PART
VIII.]
VI.
CHAPTER
There was a temple gathering that
Kuan, and there was such a
r.
in the P'u
day
constant flow of people that walking along

the road was no easy matter.
"
Out of the way, you," shouted CH'IN

"
don't block up 1 the road so." The
2.
T'UNG
crowd thereupon opened a passage for them,

and the two, master and man, passed through,
and made straight for the P'u-chiu Ssfi. Before
they got
became
2
ing
much
farther the temple in question
visible in the distance
edifice
lofty,
impos-
was.
it
They went in, and had been wandering

about here and there some time [without
3.
meeting anyone] when a young bonze made

appearance; he was called FA TS'UNG,
365
VIII.
5. The young shabi changed the tea for

some better immediately, and when they had
drunk it they strolled all about the place
until the graduate suddenly observed, inside

the half-open door of a flower garden that lay
to the west of the temple, a
young lady who,

with her servant behind her, was strolling
about like himself.
The young lady's complexion was

white as snow, and her lips were rosy red;
6.
her deep black hair was gathered behind 5

into a yuan-pao, and in the hair on the
top
head were
of her
fresh, sweet-smelling roses
7
;
she wore ear-rings of green jade in her ears;,

on her wrists,8 a pair of bracelets 10 of deep 9
and the graduate and he having communi-
yellow gold; and her dress was a long robe

of pale blue. 11 All this matched besides
by a
cated to each other their respective names,

FA TS'UNG invited the stranger to come in and
quantity of pearls and jewels and ornaments

of jade, set 12 in gold a unique and
perfect
have some
toilet
his
tea.
The
was served by a young shabi, 3

when FA TS'UNG exclaimed, " This tea is
4.
too
tea
pale in colour
just like so much

make a fresh cup for
it's
hot water: quick, and
indeed
it
At the
was.
her the graduate

by surprise that even
he
was
no
physically
longer master of himAnd as for the young lady, when, as she
self.
7.
CHANG was
sight
of
so taken
looked through the door, she observed our
us.
iJVjji
2i
farejr
to impede, to obstruct.
J^ iS wei
-wu?, imposing
generally applied to objects

3-
shami or
ffi {Si
4
J>
jgjj
shabi, a
wei,
Buddhist novice
icJJ
3
*& tsuan , a chignon, a top-knot.
6.
1
Jjf eh'a , to thrust or stick, as a
7-
$C 9&
8-
910.
1 '
12>
J8&
ei
kuei 1
"? shou
4
,
a species of
Mao',
to scorch or
fig
35
a reproduction of a Sanskrit word.
cfto
sword into
its
sheath, flowers into the hair, etc.
rose, red and very fragrant;
wan^-tzit, the wrist
Jlfi
^B
with wu, properly, martial grandeur, but
here an adverb, equivalent to too, very.
5-
personal dignity or majesty.
4-
i'c
majestic, awe-inspiring
burn with
$$
fire
JUS :?> vulgarly
common monthly
J$jt Jjif:
in cooking, to scorch or
J,
roses are called ,/J :fE
the ankle.
burn the meat,
etc., is
$j
(feu
).
a bracelet.
ts'ui 4 Ian", kingfisher blue
ts'ui
hsiang', to inlay, to frame, to put
can also be applied to green
an edging round, to
set.
1 ^f
5l> the kingfisher.
Ijfjj.
it
is
TZU ERH
366
graduate, with his lips so red and his teeth

so white, his distinguished 13 air, his whole
14
appearance that of no common
person, she
it
They
are official 15 people," answered
rogated FA TS'UNG "Can I have accommodation here," asked he; "I want to come
When
family
he
18
Madame
died,
of His Excellency
Ts'ui
and
came
life."
22
18
please,
been
9. "Well, I've
all
round 19 the em-
thought the graduate CHANG to himI have seen no small number of
What
a pity
difficulty in
days
my
I
longer,
20
examinations;
aminations, I
of this one.
being
and
may
if I
lose
miss
go up
my
he was too much out of spirits &
hand at anything he didn't care for his

and as little about anything to eat; his
thoughts were all about Miss Ts'ui, and he
;
the
got no sleep
for the ex-
all night.
opportunity here;
/i pufan', uncommon fan here in the sense of common, vulgar. See Part III, 563.
sgf. ffi
ordinary, common: hsiin is an ancient measure of 8 ch'ih in length; a ch'ang was
nothing to show how it came to be used in the sense of common or ordinary.
!
the word huan is a somewhat classical equivalent of kuan.
5- "a *E kuan huan*, official
J 3-
to try
tea,
inevitably
talk the matter over
The graduate CHANG had nothing

but to return to his inn for the time
his
that there should be any

way if I stay here some
shall
and you can
12.
for it
is
it
sir,
with him."
"and
women, but never the superior
too."
temple
"The superior is not at home," said

FA TS'UNG, "and I can't take upon me to
speak come to-morrow a little earlier, if you
17
without a care in
live in the
11.
in this neighbourhood.
temporarily
They
are in very comfortable circumstances; really
pire,"
with no decision
irresolute,
came round
to the opinion
that with so fair a young lady [to woo] it
would be better 21 for him [to stay where he
with the young lady to take up her quarters
self,
And
was] than to go up to the examinations.

10. This conclusion arrived at, he inter-
FA TS'UNG; "the
Ts'ui.
in a sore dilemma."
FA
asked the graduate of
is?"
'
he kept on
taken, until he
TS'UNG.
8.
me
really puts
so
experienced quite the same sort of feeling

towards him. " Can you tell me who that
young lady
[CHAP. vni.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
14-
2 hsiln; there
is
a wife
6:
'$
:f=p
chia chiiari1 , the
chuan, to regard, to care
'7-
tsjF
|a
for, to
of a family; the
love
women and
hence, one's wife
and
chi* chii 1 , to take
to leave on deposit
J 8-
members
chi also
"K v^
up temporary quarters, to lodge

means to send, as a letter.
hsiao 1 yao* k'uai
are identical with
lo,
?f ^}, which
children,
children.
chi, to
Jf
lodge
but generally, the

,
your wife
also, to deposit
women
only; also,
(politely).
temporarily
cf.
^- ]^,
without a care, in easy circumstances; the native dictionaries explain
K'ANQ Hsi explains as follows hsiao, to melt, as ice,

which leaves the substance behind; yao, to shake, to vibrate, as a ship in motion without injury to its contents.
Hence the two characters are synonymous of bodily comfort, of a condition of body that does not feel the waste of
that
vital
5s
the dictionary of
energy consequent upon a straggle for existence ; k'uai

J 9-
circuit.
20.
21
"
jfe
Hf ~T
2 3-
lo applies
more
particularly to mental comfort.
(sou pien* liao, have been right round, or

everywhere: pien, everywhere, entire, to
make
a complete
$5c $jf ~f, I've looked everywhere.

^Jj ch'i*
4
,
Hf
W7
]5E
a set time or period ; hence, times or seasons.

better to.
3m
(ts'ai,
See Part III, 625.
3
shih* chu , a patron, a benefactor: shih 1 ,
The common term by which

and luck
-IT
(Hf>
priests address their visitors.
dejected, out of spirits:
see Part III, 259) driven away,
to.
wu
amongst other meanings, to dispense, to bestow, as

Note the tone of shih.
thing
(see
Part IV, Dialogue IV, Note
56),
without
charity.
spirits,
PAET
CHAP. IX.]
VI.
CHAPTER
moment it was day, the graduate CHANG went
off to the temple and had an interview with
the old bonze, whose
kitchen
name was FA P^N.
not set about
the other's name, the graduate stated that he

wanted to take 1 some rooms; on which, before
going farther,
honoured
"
3.
visitor's
some
inquired where his

mansion might be.
When
beheld this temple
and seeing what a

to
move
into
it
fine place it was, I
if I
You
of yours,
proposed
"After
self,
all, it
had always been
be better,
you."
4-
it
tsu 1 , to hire or rent
4
^|J cfe'o ,
^H.
$&> to rent to
ifa
$L
p'u,
lit.,
little
Jfc
he
"
your charitable
under great obligation to
me
H,
the rent of a house.
16.
an unfinished (unpolished) vessel of wood.
1
1
3
$& yGn hsiin huo Kao grimed with smoke and scorched by
burn ; here, stained by scorching.
S^
said
sir,"
J-, rents on land
a Buddhist temple; poo, as in Chapter VIII, Note
i^C
properly, to
5-
from
p'u* shih, ingenuous, straightforward
JR
him-
a building in two divisions over there in the
Woo 4
to
6
only be risking a
intentions lay
3- ill
will
more money on the venture." " And so," said

"
he,
you undertake the repairs I'll be responsible if the funds run short, and come to
"
your aid what say you ?
"
8. FA PN thanked him
Nothing could
PN
2.
their residence.
Well,
fl
is
The graduate CHANG thought
does happen that there is just

"
what will suit you," said FA
there is
;
I-
over there;
rises
are
7.
words.
"
other side of the wall.
not without means, but whether

they would choose to find such a sum as this,
I don't know."
way to speak without reserve ; what there

was in his mind, therefore, he had said in so
5.
CHANG; "who
the temple of the Ts'ui

"
the buildings they
where the ground
see
They
his
many
is
beyond the wall of the court
near the family on the west side there."

4. The fact is that the graduate CHANG
it
The temple
PN
do, I should prefer being
was an ingenuous 3 man;
a collection for temple
said
family," said FA
occupy are on the
inconvenient, and the living there is very

expensive, so I was thinking of shifting else-
where.
"
6.
belong to another part of the coun-
yet."
make
have
would be quite the
It
the graduate
repairs,"
the
may
proprietor be ?"
said the graduate; "I am here about

business; but I find staying at the inn
try,"
up myself; but
it
"
it
right thing to
PN
FA
such a condition that I was
in
is
thinking of doing
After each had informed himself of
2.
IX.
west wing; but then, what with the grime

of the smoke and the heat of the fire, 4 the
The following morning, getting up the
1.
367
fire
hsiin, sooty, stained
by smoke
mw4 hua?
hire, to enrol; hua, to change,
1
ch'ung* hsiu , to beg subscriptions for the repair [of Buddhist temples]: inn, to
men's
hearts; to evoke their sympathies [and obtain money for] ch'-ung, afresh,
sc.,
hsiu, repairing.
6.
flj
51
huo*-cho, colloquially, to run a risk, as glj
the risk of a rebuff: huo
is, literally,
to rip
up
or open.
^ ge
$fr, I'll risk
a wetting; flj
^ {ilj
?,
Ill
run
368
ERH
TZtj
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
The graduate CHANG at once 7 begged

him to send someone with him forthwith for
the money, who could at the same time get
a carpenter to make some things that might
be ready 8 when he wanted them and then
9.
he asked FA
PN
how many days
IJT tcng* shih, at
once
ting,
lit.,
ready for use.
ywig,
PN
take to complete the repairs. FA

said
it would probably be
quite done inside of
ten days. This said, the two men took leave

of each other, and FA
went to look for
PN
workmen.
would
it
to
mount, to ascend,
Note the
is
The lad CH'IN was by his master's

and
when he heard him talking in this
side,
"
This habit of taking no thought for
fashion,
and without
all;"
won't do at
farther ceremony,
he
here identical with
said,
money you have with you is not

much if you spend it all here, how will you
"
manage when you get to the capital ?
"Sir, the
2.
Is it
any business
of yours
"
?
said
"
what does it matter
the graduate in a rage
to you if I choose of my own goodwill to do
"
the old superior a turn ?
;
3.
There's a proverb in two lines,
thought,
'
Say what you know

1
will
be agreeable
plain
go his
;
him
how I'm to make any
people:' let
speaking
provokes
own way;
I don't see
q.v.
furniture, in his stupidity, has not turned out
the things as they should be, and I have just

desired him to make them all over again."
5. The prospect of this delay of several
made
the graduate feel impatient, and
days
he went
off himself to look for the

carpenter.
"No
6.
and
tables
time must be lost about those
he told him; "you must

desire you
you had best be
chairs,"
do just as
you want
careful if
altogether, sir
"
8.
articles
you want
tell
you long ago," said the
that I wanted two tables and five
and don't two added
chairs,
do
said the carpenter.
Didn't I
"
graduate,
"
to five
make
And
seven?"
then turning to CH'IN T'UNG,

he desired him to keep the people to their
work, so that not a
hand of it."
to please."
"How many
7.
The lad CH'IN did not speak, but he

"
X.
"
^jg
tone.
1.
"
ix., x.
that
CHAPTER
the morrow," said he to himself,
[CHAP,
"
moment should be
lost.
How many
few days later and back came the

4.
if the
to
the temple to ask FA
graduate
"
The rooms," said FA
rooms were ready yet.
work
P&N, "will soon be done, but, unfortunately,

the carpenter who was to have made the
said the graduate CHANG

they could all be
finished in four or five days, I am sure."
PN
T-
BK
dictionaries),
2.
6,
and
7.
Ojj
Mng 3 -chih
2
,
1
,
properly wa', to vomit,
is
hence, one
in
10.
days are they to do the

"
asked the lad CH'IN.
"The
things are not so very many,"

"
outspokenness, generally in a good sense
which means alone, a single person
9.
who
keng
is
here used in the sense of
stands firm to his principles
here a corruption of the numerative ko;
it
ft
(vide native
chih, straight
often follows the numerals 4, 5,
CHAP.
PART
X., XI.]
1 1.
The
vi.
repairs of the buildings
had been
completed some tune, and in less than five

days the tables and chairs were quite ready.
The graduate having inspected them

declared that they were not so bad " The
2.
all,
legs of the tables," said he,
"
and the chairs are
there
to be
found
solid
And
this time."
are well turned,

is
no
fault
then he told the
369
to be put; this was to stand in this place, and

in this other place that other thing was to
stand; and they were to hang four scrolls* on

the wall, and to be careful not to tear them.
Then, as soon as
these preparations were

ended, he told the lad CH'IN to go over at
all
once for the baggage, which he brought and
duly distributed.
people of the temple where the things were
3-
4-
4
|t hsilan , to turn in a lathe.
fu*, a roll
a rather long and narrow slip of paper with either writing or a design upon it
CHAPTER XL
They had been installed, master and
man, some days, when the graduate saw a
young girl come out, followed by a little boy
1.
she asked
PN
FA
if
FA
fixed
PN
said
yes,
a day had been
the fifteenth of that moon.
The graduate observed that the young

1
was
girl
very nice-looking;
[and she was
2
were
nicely dressed;] her hair ornaments
2.
silver gilt,
and her
arranged.
He nudged
i.
sex
g|
cfeiire
4
,
coiffure
(lit.,
"H
was very trimly

pulled)
FA PN,
nice-looking, superior in mental
man
classically, the cleverest
3
0p shou shih
ornaments in general.
this
house
any day had been fixed
for the reading of a service for the late Ts'ui

ta-jen.
and asked him

does
1
,
and bodily
person hold in
"
3.
PN,
"What place
Madame Ts'ui's
in a low voice,
"
"She
is
Miss Ts'ui's maid," said
and her name
is
HUNG
is
FA
Miss
YING YING'S own wit and beauty are such

that HUNG NIANG from attending on her has
3
Notwithinsensibly taken the same colour.
standing (tao) their difference in degree, they
are just like twin sisters, and the young lady,
finding that the maid has a clever tongue of
her own, that she
qualifications
is
equally ready whether in
applicable only to
young persons of
either
in a thousand.
head ornaments
shih, to adorn, to embellish
shou shih can be used of a woman's
{g tv*, to gild.
one tês the colour of one's company: near vermilion (chu

ink one
NIANG.
one
is
red, near
black.
47
370
EBH
TZtJ
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
that the girl asked FA PfiN, " What

"
makes the gentleman smile so ?
4
speech or action, and a girl of modest demeanour withal, trusts her with everything she is
;
her mistress's right hand.

4.
this,
The
graduate,
veteran
all
turned his head round and said out loud
"
FA PN, "I
and
since he died,
you,
sir,
you
will
I shall be
much
bring
in 6 as well;
will
this,
FA P^N
Before
could
HUNG
reply,
was
NIANG, who was a kind-hearted body, and saw

that the graduate was a well-mannered man,
as ourselves
should he not
6.
and
5-
~~
^ $$
as a message
mien 3
iff shao
1
,
down
for a while,
"
whispered to one of the
What
is the name of the gentleman

The bonze told her all about hin^
she came out again the graduate took
and
as
why
you
to ask her,
in charge
of,
"Whose
miss?"
&
8-
3U %L jj,
home.
ifan,
me come
See Chapter XII,

short for
business are
"In the charge of
well pleased at this,

smiles
modest ; both words mean embarrassed in manner.
once; here the numerative
in,
bring
me
in, let
me
join you
shoo, to take along with one, to carry; to send,
by a convenient opportunity.
4B
and while she
beamed with
a turn:
tot 4 , let
sat
the old lady's business," said HUNG NIANG,

and as she spoke she turned away and went
tien 3 , coy, bashful,
/are
7-
9- j|g
gentleman is extremely
he can have his service
sitting there she
occasion
"
The graduate was
f fi f ft
he wants to
the
anything," said he,
outside?"
his countenance so
4-
if
mean
doesn't
that
and
bonzes,
observed gently, "This gentleman 7 can have a

service read for him on the fifteenth at the
same time
it
Well,
performed on the fifteenth too." HUNG NIANG

stepped into the waiting-room when she heard
possible ?"
5.
ever to
was too experienced a

be kept hi the dark, and he
delighted to learn that
be
it
"except
obliged to
as superior of this establishment, if
me
that
pretty soon saw through the whole business.
myself have been desiring

to have a service read for my father ever
to
is it
Now FA P&N
7.
when he had heard
[CHAP. xi.
jj
Note
2J|
2.
% jj
fiff,
an ld
ch'en* shih*, seized the occasion, took
traveller; hence,
an experienced person.
advantage of the circumstance.
CHAP.
PART
XII.]
VI.
CHAPTER
From
1.
day forward the graduate

walk in the court every day, but
used to
cv&te,
said he
shall
course use
necessary for
hand, and there
lost
your senses,
when you were running on with nothing but

wild, nonsensical talk, if any busybody by
had heard you and told the old lady, where
would it all have ended ?"
all
"
is
nothing,
am
"I
the wit I have
is
Dear me !" said the graduate CHANG,

such a bungler,3 I never can speak
ought; pray bear with me a little, and
4.
as I
I'll
"
be more careful 4 in future."
Well, that's
HUNG
NIANG, and
taking her leave of him, she went home.
she got home she said
5. As soon as
as
there, that
they cannot accomplish ? Still, your old lady

does keep such a very tight hand over the
family that in trying to bring about the
to
1 am committing to your hands,

want you to put yourself entirely on my
side, and never to go against me."
arrangement
with
that you forget yourself so ? have you

no idea of what is right and wrong ? fancy,
As you know, miss, it is only

two people to join heart and
to help you.
free
sir,
have a service to ask of you, miss,"

if you can perform it I shall feel
of
rather
unboundedly grateful, and should you ever

have any trouble in the time to come, miss,
I
getting
"Have you
on, out loud,
"
;
are
your remarks, aren't you," thought HUN<J

NIANG, as she listened; and then she went
At last one day he could stand it no

and out he came with it, codte que
"
"You
3.
to speak to her.
longer,
XII.
this
though he met HUNG NIANG several times,

he could never muster up courage enough
2.
371
it
should be,"
YING YING,
"
said
You remember
you saw the other day,
miss,
the graduate
don't
you?
name turns out 6 to be CHANG, and

have just met him again." And then she
well, his
HI $E chou'-hsilan': chou, to make a circuit, to environ ; see Chapter III, Note 19, with which character it is
come back to the same point; the two in combination mean to get round an object
identical; Aswan, to revolve, to
or enclosure, with a view of stopping a place of entry or attack.
Chou-hsiian also means to pay attention
to,
as a host
to a guest.
2
has
much
meng*-tung
flf fit
the same sense
native dictionaries.
>f0
to lose one's senses, to be oblivious to the proprieties:
to
"
understand
(hsiang*)
was
"
originally the title applied to Secretaries of State, but it
criminately to denote
kung, master one or

3-
fiB
!$!
3$;
"young gentlemen;" parents speak of their sons

two see also Part V, Lesson XIX, Note 9.
fa
5-
Sfc fit
SI
cho* tsui 3 pen* sai 1 , a bungler, one with
and
c/uV-sften
careful, attention
chin, properly of
awkward
lips
&&3
and clumsy cheeks
used, not of the
cho pen (also read chuo*)
is
awkward,
solemn attentiveness, as at worship ; shen, also attentive.
an exact equivalent for this phrase in English; it is

a manner different to expectation, though, as in the
Cf. the following:
it does not seem to have a stronger force than our expression "turns out."
A. Ifc fll JE fft Bf, I thought it was So-and-So, but it turns out to be you instead.
:
it
is
extremely
difficult to
generally expressive of surprise at the realisation of
$5 /K
indis-
small.
kan 3 -ch'ing
present instance,
now used
in large things
4-
is
to the servants as to hsiang-kung, erh hsiang-
lips or cheeks, but figuratively of a man's lack of power to express himself:
clumsy
meng, oblivious, stupid; tung

is not recognised in
appears to be a secondary meaning of tung, which
some
find
fact in
TZU ERH CHI.
372
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
[CHAP, xn.,
went on and reproduced the whole of her

conversation 6 with him, word for word.
alarmed and gratified " You needn't

old lady," she hastened to remark.
After a moment's thought, YING YING

divined what was passing in the graduate's
"
mind, and, to say the truth, she
be spoken of; I know that very well."
felt
"
j.
equally
hsiao* shuo implies a reproduction of the
Meanwhile
the
remained
graduate
way
went
at
"no wonder the girl was

The reflection became quite
so hard
himself;
me."
"I came
sir,"
"
start
Oh,
you may get a

cold
stone
chill sitting
here too;
if
you
2.
shady
?F
up
~-
mind
under the
3-
which
trees.
The cover was
thick, still her face
to a certain extent visible,
the graduate
air
it
and
seemed more
was
to the eyes of
attractive than
impulsive, abrupt: mang, properly, tangled, like brushwood, etc.; chuang,
mang* chuang*, headlong,
1*
JB$!
BXi
men*, to be absorbed or involved in melancholy: na, to take in, to receive, has

is to pay, as taxes or fees ; na men also means to be
puzzled.
M(l4
common
4- $fc
cooler sitting here in a
an
of
against.
$ft
the most
its
all
8
Moving on tiptoe to the wall, he
climbed up 9 it, and peeping over he saw that
it was YING YING herself burning incense
a number
said the graduate, with
was daylight, he heard,
if it
4.
5.
but
place,"
'
to run
Yes
a sudden, female voices on the other side of

the wall.
you'll get stung."

"
what are you come about ?

you that dinner was ready,
to tell
bright as
he gave a
don't
"
"
;
you can go and get your own dinhe sat on without stirring 7 till just
at midnight, while the moon was shining as
don't
there's
To mimic
And
ner."
you think
there on that very
And, dear me,
of scorpions
"
said he,
sir,"
N.B.
to
"I can't swallow 6 a mouthful," said the
graduate
intolerable,
his master looked,
what ought
"
on
sat there
how melancholy
HUNG NIANG
said the lad CH'IN.

3.
on a stone in a sad way 2 until

3
it was nearly dark, when the lad CH'IN came
over from the servants' quarter, and seeing
and he
the
XIII.
said he to
it,"
That, of course," said
one's business to speak of
of annoyance
standing in the court, all alone, turning the

"
It was
thing over and over in his mind.
the headlong
it's
manner and gestures of the people speaking.
CHAPTER
1.
tell
6.
xiii.
pang* wan, nearly dark

1
$j( ping
many meanings,
of which
liang, icy cold
hsieh*, a scorpion.
pang, near.
p ing,
35
ice.
che,
1
,
to sting, of bees, wasps, scorpions;
not of centipedes, serpents,
etc.,
bite.
6.
I^S yen,
4
,
to swallow, to gulp
down.
Hi> never budged
7-
Z^ US Si
8-
SiS
9-
JR: p'a?, to crawl, to creep, to
$ K|
elbows or hands
Jql) to
also,
go on
lit.,
tiptoe, to
did not move his wo 1 ,
walk
climb
stealthily
pa
1
,
lair,
form, or nest.
nieh*, to tread.
as will be seen below, in JRJ
under certain circumstances, to get
at,
^ ^,
to get hold of (see Chapter
to
hang on
XXXIV,
to the wall,
paragraph
7).
by the
CHAP.
at first
PART
XIII., XIV.]
VI.
he could not help feeling more
some of these shrubs plucked up,

might be less hindrance to the
lad CH'IN happening to come
when
the
view,
out, and seeing his master with his arms on
to have
in love
with her than ever.
so that there
When she had done burning her

incense, HUNG NIANG pointed to the shrubs,
6.
the wall and his feet unsupported, cried out,

Take care not to let go with your hands,
observing that such a one had ripe fruit upon

it, and that on such another the fruit was just
"
forming
the roots are

7.
such a
It is
all
As she
pity," said she,
eaten into by the ants."
rattled
on in
"
"
that
sir
10
ma is
Si XR ma3
i 3,
also applied to
an ant ;
this strain, the
(see
Chapter
XIX, Note
it
seem
to be as
be,
2
his people in the
wrong.
2.
said
"The cook
"
'
the rice
a very dirty cook," he
is
full
is
"U _t 7\ v
of grit
it
well bucket or basket

-
45
fife
made
iP!>
Ufa t'ao*, here, to
4-
MT
fault, tried to
wash or scour
thai', a sieve
3Ht p'ieh*, to
skim
-f
5EL
off.
kuo
any
insect on wood, paper, etc.
The word
f@ $D
XIV.
been properly washed
why wasn't it passed

4
the
sieve?
And
the wine is cold;
through
why haven't you wanned it?" Then, when
;
he had taken a mouthful of

quite bitter too; pour
it
it,
"And
back into the
it's
flask
directly."
The
lad CH'IN obeyed, and put on the

soup, but the first taste of this dissatisfied
3.
the graduate more than ever.

"The dust
has got into the soup," he cried; "skim 6 it
The expression
{6|
JT $,
is
-fc f
a quotation from a
_t 2f,
put them in the wrong, looked for [their
faults].
rice.
shai-tzti, to
fall."
to give the alarm to every-
of withes.
found
3-
5-
hasn't
H$> his equilibrium was disturbed.
indicative of mental disturbance or indecision
to
3).
YING YING went
anything to
you were
one?"
and as he leaned against the

of the table he did
nothing but try to put
ought to
side
for
if
What
"do you want
home, and the graduate returning to his

chamber, the lad CH'IN put supper on the
table.
But the graduate's equilibrium was
1
"
Sg- chu*, to eat into, specially of the action of
wasps or bees
In a short time
too disturbed
would be no joke
should you be making such a

noise for?" said the graduate to him sharply;
CHAPTER
1.
it
8.
graduate could hear every word, and he was

just saying to himself that it would be best
IO
373
pass through a sieve
shai
i shai, to sift.
common proverb
J
kuan*, a
TZU ERH
374
directly,
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
and turn out the bottom of
it
his animadverit, he recommenced

n on the
cooking every dish had been
so dreadfully salt 12 that day; nothing had
been as well flavoured as it usually was. The
lad CH'IN was to tell the cook that he posi-
as
eating
sions
well."
6
4. "I've just bought a pomegranate,"
"
said the lad CH'IN, but I am not sure whether
7
in proper order;
it is
5.
will
you try
sir?"
it,
in, but the graduate,

as soon as he put a piece
having peeled it,

of it in his mouth, exclaimed,
bad sour and rough." 9
"
This
is
tively
The lad
very
there was no putting it to one's lips, and

while the graduate was waiting for it to cool,
he kept on stretching out one leg or drawing
CH'IN, finding that things gave

way as another, was
as little satisfaction one

at his wit's end.
Then, remembering that the
cook had bought some
soft
to his master, "There's
you have any
me
little
of
it,"
"
?"
beancurd,
some
soft
10
up
beancurd;
said the graduate,
and
he had to be patient and hold his peace his

hope was that his master would get over
;
to
the worst of his temper, and then
boil the rest."

7.
This was done, and the beancurd was
brought in
6-
7-
8-
9-
well.
shih'-liu, the pomegranate.
to flay, to peel, to skin
flj
poo
suan', sour
JSSf
4
,
tou*-fu, beancurd
iH
hsien*, salt in flavour.
\k Men 3
Jl|
cVuan2
*5-
&
/?
jS
any way you like
fn
3
,
pu
to take
sloughing
LXXII, Note
it.
fingers, as apples, etc.
up the arm
Jcuo, it
flesh.
5.
3
(or lien ) ehia'-huo, cleared the table.
to double
tso
not used of fruit which cannot be peeled with the
properly, rotten
See Part V, Lesson
1
DJJ too -
4-
rough, that sets the teeth on edge.
5)
'3- jSfc 1fc
would
3
?ft t'ien , sweet, pleasant to the taste.
I2-
be
all
but when the graduate had done
35 19
10 JH.
1 1.
14
the other, just out of 15 temper with

everything. CH'IN was out of temper too, but
he said
Tell the cook to fry

"
his obedience,
and having cleared the dinner table,13 brought

in tea.
The tea was so scalding hot that
6.
must be more careful.

8. The lad CH'IN
signified
was brought
It
will
[CHAP. xiv.
Both readings of the
first
character are admissible.
or leg.
was nothing more than,
it
was just (temper)
tso,
short for tso yu, right or left;
i.e.,
PART
CHAP. XV.]
VI.
375
CHAPTER XV.
The next
1.
on
but
change;
the
morning
"
CH'IN
the fifteenth."
is
it
had
graduate
delay, and
this way, saying
said
Whereupon the
they were making for the waiting-room FA

stepped forward to meet them, and having
saluted them with folded hands, 8 he pointed
queue plaited without

done he went out to the front
his
this
PN
the temple and asked FA P&N if

1
everything was in order for the reading of
part of
"
the service.
it
Not
FA
quite," said
PN
"
;
lady that the graduate was a friend of his

who was desirous of having a service read for
lump of silver out of the breast of his dress,

and presenting it with both his hands, he
his
to
4.
FA P&N thanked him;
good of
"
you
duty to do
my
it's
think of
to
'
Y?
2 t$U
t'ing'
ffi t'ao
its
1
4-
5-
W it-
face
^'
together
9-
he
tang
eh'u,
1
,
in order, satisfactory: t'ing
drew out (from
his jacket),
ting
5y)
quality
511
;
1$
y'u,
on that same
lady
observing
style
that
he
from
the
to
the
belonged
answered, "Very proper that
is no
objection to his having
read on the same day as ourselves." After
which conversation the Buddhistic service
;
there
9
The people who
began up in the chief chapel.
had come to look on at the show, some of
them old
fellows
here equivalent to
is
and some youngsters, when
j.
forked out."
10 parts complete; wen",
lit.,
streaks; specially the
marks on the
may be known.
an ingot, bar, or shoe of bullion.
See Part IV, Dialogue VI,

hsiao* lao
2
,
$?
Note
10.
to exert oneself, to take pains
term
Cf. the legal
$&
~ft
hsiao, to exert
UK
fpi
lao, labour, pains
to expiate a crime
chai' chieh* inn* yii*, fasting (chai), abstinence (chieh),
and
in combination the
by gratuitous labour
purification
mu,
to
(ghu').
wash the hands
to bathe the person.
^T f@ P3
(&
hsiin
Us
lit.,
"
herself,
it
phrase means to work for nothing.
and
said
like
old
class,
he should
best without re-
my
~f* J5L $%. JS> pure silver: shih tsu,
metal by which
7-
very
"That would be out of the question,"

and they kept chatting in
3.
said the graduate
6-
sir,"
is
The
lettered
muneration."
3-
it,
"It
father,
graduate's
2.
late
day.
FA P&N,
"Please accept this as a

contribution to your expenses 5 it is a ting *
of the highest touch." 3
said
CHANG, and informed the old
to the graduate
but
The graduate drew 2 a
will be presently."
one to the other whatever
came uppermost, when Madame Ts'ui and

YING YING, having duly fasted and performed
their ablutions, 7 came over together from their
house into the front court of the temple. As
the
after,
Isn't this the
graduate suddenly inquired,

fifteenth of the moon?" "Certainly,"
"
no
day, however, there was
!f)
tien
4
,
** 3
4
,
&
to ask,
hsiin,
sc.,
made a
salutation
after a person's health.
the main building of a temple
Buddhist
Laymen
also, a palace, a hall.
with the palms of the hands placed

(kung*), fold the hands in salutation.
priests salute
;gfc
^f
376
Tztr
they beheld YING YING,

was indeed fair to see.
remarks of
all
ERH
declared that she
And what
with the
to do.
FA
PN
the head of his hatchet flew
be a
little
more
in
of inattention,
off,
and another
against the head of the hatchet and
observing that
down sprawling on his face. 14

7. The din from the roar
they were not minding what they were about,

cried out loud, "Don't be so careless, you
there
moment
13
bonze, blind of an eye, who was running over
to have a look at YING YING, caught his foot
and made a sad jumble of
what they had
for fuel with a hatchet
the court, when, in a
created such a stir that the bonzes became

quite nervous,
wood 12
splitting
one and of that one, they
this
[CHAP. xv.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
attentive, do."
really amusing,
FA
PN
but
it
irritated
came
of voices was
and fidgeted
There was a young bonze standing

outside the chapel in a state of abstraction
he could not help himself; so

he just kept on telling his beads and muttering
whom FA
it
his incantations, 15 pretending not to observe
but,
what was going on.

8. The service ended, YING YING followed
the old lady home. The graduate also, as soon
5.
PB!N told to peel the fruit
and cut
The young bonze obeyed,
into slices.
like the rest of them,
he could not take
his
still,
eyes off YING YING while he was cutting the

10
fruit, and the consequence was that he cut
his finger with the knife; on which FA
as
abused him for a useless good-for-nothing, that

only cared to be fed and wouldn't work.
too sad to enjoy anything; too

restless to sit still or to lie down
he kept
All this was due, beyond doubt, to the

superior charms of Miss YING YING, nor was
over the place with his shoes

walking
down at heel. 16 In which condition we leave
the young bonze alone that lost his wits;

there was another bonze in the kitchen, who
him
PN
changed
9.
10
11
12.
tone.
MW
3r
~fr
|j$|
|j|
See Part V, Lesson
la? P'O-
He was
for the present, 17
and confine ourselves
to
what was passing elsewhere.
he was
LXXII, Note
2.
an axe.
^|
prostration, returned home,

off his boots.
and drew
it
his dress,
all
6.
was deaf and dumb from his birth
he had made his
3
firewood: p'i', to split, to cleave; p'i 3 -ch'ai, firewood; note the
p'i' p'i -ch'ai', to split
change of
See Part III, 348.

'3-
'
'4- ?'\
ft
JEiu>
$t
!nL
blind of one eye
a Peking vulgarism
fj|
Bj|
ft
A would be equally
admissible.
a vulgarism for falling flat on one's face

p'a* hu-'rh; lit, sprawling or crouching tiger;
p'a
is
not
recognised in native dictionaries.

*S'
curse, to
men
!H1
wish evil
t'i
3
,
*' fll
or sa *> W1 $i shoes
XVI
down
also
means
to
at heel.
here, to discuss, to notice; the character
For convenience of arrangement, the

Chapter
it
to.
^ iH
!& US Ji
I?-
which priests recite;

chou*, to mutter incantations: chou, a litany or incantation
of the Chinese text.
last portion of
(see
paragraph
II, Note 36) is perhaps preferable.

English text, has been included in
Part IV, Dialogue

9,
Chapter
XV,
PART
CHAP. XVI.]
VI.
CHAPTER
377
XVI.
At a short distance from the temple

upon which a band of outlaws 1 had for years located 2 themselves.
Their chief 3 was named SUN FEI-HU, and
at the head of his gang, 4 which numbered a
thousand or more, he robbed and plundered
and on hearing CH'IEN'S observation he

asked with a smile, " And pray, honoured sir,
what may be the fine proposal that you are
in every direction.
have heard a report

that a graduate named CHANG, who is from
the same part of the country as myself, is
1.
plans,
stood a mountain
2.
He had
able to suggest
CH'IEN knew perfectly well that the

remark was ironical
but he replied, with
5.
affected humility,
been at the templo the day
YING YING was sacrificing there, and

and when he returned to his
that
had seen her
make her my queen
gestion that
fellows
you
6
enterprise
"
3.
is
as this
Well,
camp
5
;
6.
now which
equal to such a glorious
not so
difficult,"
7.
propose,
4. It
if it's
5S
to succeed."
to squat
3-
4
fa $& chan
cM 4
4
,
a bandit, a robber
had taken
too,
own
"when
the thing
rewarded handsomely."
shall be
captain,
having changed
self like
was not SUN FEI-HU'S nature
3nE ch'iang' too
The
at a sug-
so well with his
CH'IEN, having got his
any time, and

and attired him-
orders, did not venture to lose

so,
his dress
any ordinary person he came straight
to the P'u-chiu Ssu.
to give
ear to other people's counsel or to adopt their
'
marched
"Capital," said he;
done you
an-
swered one of his mates, a captain whose name

was CH'IEN; "but the thing must be done as
I
SUN FEI-HU was overjoyed
ideas.
is
it's
inquiries."
sir,
let me go and see him,

can take the opportunity to make
and
of the
"
living in the temple
stronghold he said to his followers, "That's

a very fine girl I have just seen in the temple,
and I have, a mind to bring her home and
of all
"
?
one
forcible possession
who
:
robs openly, as opposed to
chan, to encroach
(see
jjjJi,
thief.
Part V, Lesson
XV, Note
5)
M,
down, to crouch.
sl
chai* chu, the chief of the stronghold
chai
is
"
a stockade or
log
fort,"
not necessarily the stronghold
of rebels or banditti.
IH
4-
1j
5-
31
=$
6-
Hi
3fo
'
ou2 l*y the rank and
7$ .A
',
is
file
of a gang of rebels or banditti.
only applicable as in the text
Ht; meritorious service (kung) of the
it is
first
a quotation.
order
(t'ou).
48
378
Tztr
ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHAPTER
1. He
there called upon the graduate
CHANG, and the two men having referred to
their long separation, 1 and interchanged some
2
phrases of compliment, CH'IEN said,
"
May
and the more he reflected the

more suspicious he became that his visitor
had not come for any good purpose the one
;
6
thing to be done was summarily to stop all
"
talk on the subject
so he said,
I really
quite recovered from the malady that used to
trouble
2.
him ?"
"
Thank you, thank
cannot say my way is not

about what does not concern
ask some other gentleman,
you," answered the
"
how
;
true
it is
it
is
very sad,
that good
if
you
please,
best
sir."
The man CH'IEN, seeing that this plan

did not answer, felt that he must just bethink
him of some other, and so he staid there two
sigh
are short lived
myself
me you had
8.
dead
to trouble
it's
very good of you to inquire,
graduate
but my father has long departed this life."
"
Ah " exclaimed the captain with a
3.
"
XVII.
his village,
whether your honoured father has
inquire
[CHAP. xvii.
men
days without offering to

9.
really."
stir.
The graduate CHANG, when he saw
4. After a short pause he asked another

"
Do you live in this place by
question,
"
or do you mess with
yourself, sir," said he,
that he was not going, began to be angry with

everything, and at meal-time he made CH'IN
the rest?"
[being unable to attack the real offender]

"
The cookery has been getting worse and
5.
"Well,
mess with them," said

the custom in this temple
I don't
"
it's
done separately." 3
"
Ah so," answered the captain " may
6.
I ask if it's true, as I have heard it said, that
last
10.
named Ts'ui, who used to live in the

next down the road, have moved over
T'UNG.
village
said the graduate
as
more
spoiled than ever."
"
;
of course, the cook has
been drunk again call him here directly."

6
11. CH'IN T'UNG went out and presently
to this place?"
man
is
"I cooked this myself," said CH'IN

"And who desired you to cook at all ?"
a family
to-day everything
duate
outbreak
further
few days," said he " neither

the boiled meat nor the roast is properly
done; less done one day than another; and
worse these
anyone staying here to have his cooking
7.
for
the graduate
for
T'UNG the handle
His words rather startled 4 the grahe fancied that he remembered this
came back
"
having been an ill-ordered person in

ei
Why
are
"
;
The cook
is
here,"
you always drinking
said
he.
and why
jjf, to infringe, to disobey, to

long separation: wei, here, to leave, to relinquish; but
The word JQ is more applicable to a breach of laws or prohibitions.
contravene, as regulations, treaties, etc.

2.
5p
ifS jjj
usages restrictions
also
3-
|tjj
4-
f JE
means
5-
~f
fc'o
t'ao
(t'ao, lit.,
"
8>
hua, complimentary or polite remarks, set phrases lit., talk that is confined to the
envelope or case ; see Part III, 769), in force when treating with a stranger.
;
living together but messing apart
tjE Ung*,
was
startled,
to be silent, to pause, as
6-
i7H
g|
ill
ts'uan',
lit.,
a furnace for cooking.
Ung, properly read cheng*,
below in Chapter XVIII, paragraph
3
PS tt câ chu, put a stop
Lesson XCII, Note
taken aback
to (the conversation).
t'ao,
restless,
nervous, agitated
ling*
2.
Note cha 3 , not
cha?, a
dam
or sluice, as in Part V,
3.
fang*, a turn, a time; but seldom so used except with verbs of motion, as
fang, the numerative of times or rows, sc., of figures, etc.
Ifc jjj
~f
|,
PART
CHAP. XVII., XVIII.]
VI.
your cookred and

asked
the
his
face
ing?"
graduate,
"
liis ears crimson with
anger
your wages
don't
you pay proper attention
to
13.
to
be docked, and
you won't be more careful

1
The cook
2.
"
we'll see if
foul
he
of,
thought to himself, "Yes; I've put out

7
money to my own damage, no doubt."
my
did not venture to
exculpate
but
bowed
and went out without
to the storm
himself,
shifted his
How
is it,"
dis-
asked
coming when I want

"
do attend to, pray ?
and
certainly was a tippler,
when
"
have told you to look after everyin

the
room, that my knife is not to be
thing
seen, and that my inkstone is never forthhe,
after that."
when he saw what he had run
The graduate now
pleasure to CH'IN T'UNG
have
will just
379
14.
He
"It's
really
it ?
no
what
is it
fault
of mine,
that
you
sir,"
answered CH'IN T'UNG; "I put everything

back into its proper place whenever it is done
with."
saying a word.
7-
Ifi
my money
^,
fp
put
my money
my own
out to
to the purchase of isui, retribution for
[my own]
damage
t'ieh, lit.,
to stick on, as a placard
have applied
use.
CHAPTER
XVIII.
The captain observed the scene as a

spectator, and divining that almost all that
was passing was due to his presence there, he
seeing how his master looked, did not venture

to answer the question, and the whole party
remained without making sign or sound until
was greatly amused; he asked the graduate
the graduate, turning to CH'IN T'UNG, called

for his water-pipe. 2 CH'IN T'UNG could not lay
1.
in a sheepish sort of way, 1
polished shoes you have on,

Canton ? they are very nice."
2.
"Did not those

sir, come from
The graduate, who was
he could
be, did
as angry as
not answer a word.
Your master's
much
service does not give
you be getting a month ?
I-
to the
i1?
iS 31
meaning
"
ta> shan'-cho, in
of this phrase,
you over-
what wages may

But CH'IN T'UNG,
trouble, I daresay;
and
"
Then
said CH'IEN to CH'IN T'UNG, with a dry chuckle,

"
hand upon it immediately, and this put

the graduate in a passion again, and he began
to abuse the lad.
his
3.
You might
once," cried he;
you
can't see
it."
just as well be blind at

"why, there it is, and yet
Then CH'IN T'UNG did see
the pipe, and he brought it with all speed.

The graduate smoked a couple of pipes, and
a sheepish or diffident sort of way.
also as to the characters that should
There
is
considerable difference of opinion as
be employed
one authority decides
in favour
another prefers f > jj|I[, and says that it means to come up to the point in an indirect way
preference has been given to the first meaning in this case simply because the authority is more trustworthy, but it must
be received with caution; in another instance it seems to mean a pretension of inadvertence (see Chapter XXVII, i).
of the above rendering
yen'-tai\ a pipe
why
tai,
a,
bag,
is
introduced
it is difficult
to say.
380
ERH
TZtJ
ment could be come
any notice of CH'IEN, he
then, without taking
There happened to be a number of
and so taken up with their play that

did
not get out of his way. The grathey
not
duate,
being in the happiest of moods, got
children outside the temple gate engaged in

play;
'on the dogs to
play.
worry
gate,
Some were setting
the pigs; some were
others, again, were looking on at

chickens lighting, and backing 6 one chicken
against another as the better of the two. And
6
wrestling
angry, and cried out
there were
8.
let
cocks and hens
to distinguish between
way
and there were
The children were frightened and

made way for him as fast as they could, and
9.
than they, explaining that hens laid eggs, and

that cocks crew. 8 But with this explanation
the graduate went into the temple, where

finding the captain, CH'IEN, still making no
the younger ones would not be satisfied.

5. Then, again, in the midst of all this
move, he said to him, "Are you not going
home
bustle there was a very little child threading

his way through the crowd, with no one to
look after
it
moved
to-day, sir?"
As a matter of fact, the man, having

learned all about YING YING, was just about
10.
which the graduate observing
Get up and stand aside there, and

by; put your playthings back a bit;
them."
others, older
7
as he passed along, he was much

thought that it would be hustled
me
at the
to
start
to
make
by the crowd,
so he answered,
and he told someone to take it home at once.

6. He had gone some steps farther when
for several days,
he saw a
man
carrying a small dog.
starting;
had
It
drooping ears, and he wanted to buy it

but after a good deal of bargaining, no agree-
3-
from
ts'u
III
hi?, of play, etc.,
I've
his
report to
"
Certainly,
sir,
his
I
chief;
was just
been a great trouble to you

and I feel I can't show my
gratitude as I desire, but I shall make farther

acknowledgment some other time."
fine
"
you mustn't take up so much room with
some very young children who were
arguing as to the
some time longer,

and then he thought he would go in.
7. The children were still outside the
T0NG.
and very rough
to regarding the price
so he continued his walk for
went out of the temple, followed by CH'IN
4.
[CHAP. xvni.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
rough; of individuals, coarse, stupid-looking: lu not colloquially separated
ts'u.
4- $$5
yao
3
,
to bite,
is
the correct form of yao in Part V, Lesson
5-
^5 $%
shuai 1 chiao', to wrestle
6-
iH JK
sfe"
yinf,
to lose
chiao,
and win
lit.,
XXX,
Note
13.
the ankle-bone.
respectively,
whether in gambling or any contest
4
shing* and pai are the
terms for victory and defeat in warfare.

7-
S>
lay egg s
to
an4 ) an eSS-
ff 1i| Mi *a ming*-'rh,
makes a verb of it.
8*
9-
iff
vL j&
cord, a curtain,
etc.
la-cho,
to
crow
Tt'ao chi, a hen
see
Chapter IV, Note
5.
ming, the sound made by any bird or animal
hanging down:
ta,
to
hang down;
la, to
also applied to other sounds
drag; used of anything pendulous, such as a
PART
CHAP. XIX.]
VI.
CHAPTER
This said, the two
1.
you may be
captain,
blowing
delighted;
to him, could not
all
loudly
The
they swarmed round
YING YING burst
to her.
the brigands in the hills, 1
their horns
have I met
say,
no ordinary degree 5 away she went to YING

YING'S room, and toddling 6 in, she repeated it
So he came on 3 next day at
succeed.
the head of
greatly
may
Never
His story frightened the old lady in
4.
seemed
it
my
experience, I
with anything so calamitous."
particular.
his expedition,
fail to
in all
SUN
to
XIX.
must go out and parley with them.
no time in
sure, lost
SUN FEI-HU was
2.
The
parted.
and reporting
returning to the hills
FEI-HU every
men
381
and
into tears, crying

bitterly, unable to get out a word.
old lady at her great age was very far
the temple, investing it so closely that not

a drop of water could get through, and the
from clear when she had anything to speak

about says she to the bonze, " Dear me
whole body kept on shouting that YING YING

must come out and answer a question.
I haven't a relative in the world that I could
on to help
brother, and he
madame
Do you
me
rely
3. The news frightened FA PEN out of his

senses; he rushed into the old lady's court,
"
is
except one,
away
at
my own
elder
Su-chou (Soochow),
where he has been promoted couldn't some"

one fetch him back at once, eh ?
;
there
hear,
crying out,
a great band of brigands outside; their
chief, SUN FEI-HU, is a murderous robber,
is
5.
"Oh!
gestions
any sentiment of humanity or justice, whose constant thought is of

rapine and murder; and now here he is at
the head of a thousand or ten thousand men,
quite impervious to
thing to
it's
of
no use making such sug-
FA PEN
as that," said
be done
is
to try
"
the only
and find out
for
your
any of the people living here in the
temple can suggest a means of getting this
force to draw off; which is doubtful, after all."
ladyship
4
beating gongs and drums, and shouting as
loud as they can bawl that Miss YING YING
"So be
if
it,"
you may
Madame
said
find
someone
Ts'ui
;
"Heaven send
go and ask
at once."
"RT UJ 69 Is 1H' "U the brigands in the hills. Note the peculiar use of k'o, which is here equivalent to ch'iian,
man, full. Of. the following: Rf
_t ;j$
$f Jjg, I feel uncomfortable all over; Pf
JjC
fft
Si $!> 'f %f ^> every road in the capital is bad ^f J|t -f
^' fj, the whole room jnu.^t be papered.
'
or
all,
*tlL
2.
a wasp
4-
IjflJ
&
3
D/\ Ia -pa', a trumpet, a long horn.
1
!&$
$| 6$
^-
^,
a bee
JH iU
~f fing yung
2j
(see
came on
s 'la *
swarm feng, insects of the bee, wasp, or hornet tribe

yung, to crowd, throng, or push together.
in a
Chapter XIII, Note 10)
l* hi 3 ku 3 gonging and drumming:

,
shai, to strike, specially the
gong
(Io); lei
Jj| $^,
3
,
properly
hi 2 to beat, specially the drum.

,
f?3 'J* "RT> in no ordinary degree; lit., [the fright] was not (fei) identical with (t'ung) a small k'o:
here a noun, will not bear any of the meanings usually assigned to it, and must be treated as equivalent to
or some similar word.
5- $f-
which
is
81 !i
characters
mean
IS.
x. tieh* hsieh*, tottered, trotted, toddled; generally applied to the shuffling gait of old age.
to walk,
E.
II
Both
but are not used separately.
7- II; l$ij hao* t'ao*, to cry aloud

hao, to cry out
characters are only applied to loud weeping.
I'o,
15c, short for
^$
fg fg.
t'ao,
lit.,
the prattle of a child
See Part V, Lesson
I,
Note
10.
in combination the
two
382
ERH
Tztr
man
She then turned and spoke to YING

"
"
I send you out to
If," said she,
6.
TING
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
be disgraced 9 by so doing; if
I don't send you, I jeopardise the lives of one
and
of us.
all
there
is
anyone
am
"I have not myself, I admit, any

knowledge of war," said the graduate, "but
that's of no consequence
what I meant when
I spoke was that I have a friend who is
;
destroy these brigands and rescue us, and if

there is, of promising to marry you to him
at
"
was no
so
alternative,
11
way
is
there
Pai
Ma
the
Pu
Chiang-chun ; he is stationed
Kuan, and as soon as it was
rumoured that these robbers were on their
the
do you say yea or nay ?

7. YING YING felt how pressing was the
emergency, but she was too bashful to speak
however,
should also be skilled hi
10.
thinking of asking if
the temple who can
in
letters,
war?"
shall
them,
of
[CHAP. xix.
she
good plan
nodded her head hi token of acquiescence.

went forth and
8. Whereupon FA
a messenger to let him know he

come to the rescue with some
I sent
certain to
12
or other."
He
repeated what had been said to all there

No one moved but one person,
assembled.
only said this, however, to allay

the old lady's fears for the moment.
His
words made her more than ever delighted;
she could hardly contain herself; 13 what re-
Madame
joices the heart is certain to be believed in;
11.
PN
the graduate
CHANG; he came
am
said he, "Don't be afraid; I

to bring these brigands
do
is
to set
The
g.
comes
it,"
9-
and
court, and, addressing the old lady,
Ts'ui's
to
into
under
your heart at
10
;
quite able
all
difficulty
"
you have
she,
Note, not "lose a man," but lose
face,
was quite her case

is
satisfactorily
I shall feel
"
:
When
disposed
bound, you
may
of,"
lose the attributes of a
our
said
be sure, to
reward you handsomely."

YING YING
felt a good deal more at her ease.
rest."
old lady was delighted; "How

asked she, " that you, who are a
31 A-
this
also
man, a manly character; hence,
generally, to be disgraced.
Io
P? f^ hsiang' fu to bring
Part V, Lesson XIX, Note 10.
-
See
n-
.stationed at,
I2
'3'
into subjection: hsiang, to submit, to cause to submit; fu, to prostrate oneself.
$lj chu* cha', to reside at, to
be stationed at; generally, of
officials;
but a vessel of war may chu, be
a given place.
4
a plan) an expedient.
Ft ^1
<**
fa<
Ml
'P
W 5C>
&5l
>
could not contain herself for joy
chih, here, to withstand, to bear
up
against, to sustain.
PART
CHAP. XX.]
VI.
CHAPTER
1.
speeches
the
of
consoling
however, the
graduate's,
XX.
"All you will have to do," said the

graduate, "is to tell SUN FEI-HU that Miss
these
all
Notwithstanding
383
3.
now
brigands kept on bawling incessantly outside

the temple and after the brave words he had
YING YING
is
trepidation
but that
used he could do no
men
less
1
might make them good; hurrying out, he
asked, "Which of you, as a first step, will
carry a letter to SUN FEI-HU?" "SuN," said
FA PEN, " is a rude fellow he is a man of
no use writing
it's
and anyway it will be simpler

message by word of mouth."
2.
"
to
out to him
4.
vailed
to
and
undertake
&
'
Bit
I don't
3
know who would venture
make
words good:
his
yen, to tread in the track of one's words, to
exact equivalent in colloquial
3-
^ 38
thing so carried.
4-
If-
fl> I
am
ch'eng* tan
1
,
the nearest
not
fit
is
fjlj
one's promises.
fjj fjj
H^
for the mission, task, or
to undertake;
lit.,
first,
was
at last pre-
repeated entreaties to give
on or
in, sc.,
the footsteps of another; hence, chien
The expression
(ying*},
but that
is
is
rather literary, but there
is
no
rather the fulfilment of a prediction.
1
duty: for sheng see Part V, Lesson VII, Note
,
6.
to undertake the carrying of: tan', to carry on a pole; tan 4 -taH, the
See Part IV, Dialogue III, Note 123.

See Part V, Lesson
upon by
at
the third day arrives, not a fowl nor a dog

will I leave alive in the place."
chieri1 , to tread
fulfil
hero, but after fighting
anything so serious."
^ W>
FA PEN was no
a grudging consent to what was proposed

"
But if," said he, " she be not sent out when
off his
now, away with you, and don't
though he refused
Very
"
you be able to go and say a word to him ?
"11" said FA PEN " I am not fit for such a
mission,
draw
long time he agreed to go, and he went

accordingly with the message. SUN FEI-HU,
will
will
off 4 a
him,
send him a
"
a sad state of
in
he
be frightened."
to
good," said the graduate
if
get somewhat composed, she shall be sent
no education
just
a bowshot from the temple, and wait

two or three days, so as to give her time to
than turn his atten-
some expedient that
tion to the discovery of
LXVIII, Note
2.
The common expression
is
ff| $$,
^ JE.
384
TZU
RH
CHAPTER
FA
1.
PN
carried this message back to

"
the graduate CHANG.
must not waste any
"
had heard
Which
time.
it,
is
Not one
2.
to say a word,
the
him come and speak to me directly." Up

came Hui MING with all speed as soon as
let
a great state of mind, and

But in order
upon going himself.
6
more
to
excite
the
him,
yet
graduate threw
"
in another word or two
It's no child's
he heard
play," said he
how much
down, who
FA P&N
"
4.
recommend
him
'%}
-
for the mission
/<*' swa
j'
'**!
3-
IX
JjjC
4-
Jjf e hii' chien*, to
name
0fe> cross-grained,
less
is
if
others can't do the thing,
can you
was not
to
he would be
taste
m,
be gainsaid
when
"
;
and very
insipid they
this chief I shall
quick, quickly.
seldom used alone.
amenable neither to command nor persuasion, a

lit.,
breaks
for my dumplings,"
the air of a man who
have killed
properly, kindness, benevolence, compassion
recommend;
it
supposing
blame?"
to bear the
replied
have no meat 7
one were to
with flying haste:
hid*, here, a proper
/^
if
"
;
Hui MING, with
that
this, in
insisted
fires,
anyone here
Ma
as
named Hui 2 MING, who
so cross-grained
is
he had something to
If there is
that has the courage to

take a letter to the Pai
Chiang-chun,
suddenly bethought himself of him, and said

he to the graduate, "Hui MING is the very
man to send, but there is this against it
he
out,
except Hui MING
but at the back of the temple
that he hit cared to return his blow.
"
he called
try,
and who, though not possessed

of much brains, was very handy with his
fists and his feet; such a boxer that no one
lit
to succeed
way
6
something that will pique him."
The graduate thought a minute, and
3.
of the bonzes present ventured
there was an old one,
the only
then, observing that
he asked in a loud tone, "is man enough to

start at once with a letter for the Pai Ma
fast
it
to say
we
of you,"
Chiang-chun, to hurry him here as

he can come ?"
XXI.
certain to refuse
If that is it," said the
graduate, as soon as he
[CHAP. xxi.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
man
that
must be humoured.
to select for recommendation: chti, to raise (see Part IV, Dialogue
VI, Note 27); chien, to introduce, to recommend; |K
fif,
a letter of introduction.
Note the tone of
ehii in
this
combination.
5'
(|l
temper,
etc.
6.
ja
tou
is
H
ton,
cJii
4
,
1
fa, to pique, to rouse to action: chi , to rouse, to excite to; fa, the putting forth,
here, to excite, to irritate, to impel
to delay, to loiter, as
although Hui Mrso was
up
little
7-
JE
5iL
-t
ill
5>
(cf.
jH %%
to loiter
^j|, to
on the road;
make a
child laugh)
so hsing, see Part
already prepared to go, the graduate thought he
would
q.d.,
of energy,
the proper meaning of
V, Lesson
XXV,
nevertheless, in spite of
Note 6:
that, stir
him
more.
/men. 4 , the meat or stuffing inside a dumpling ; mom-Cow, properly, steamed bread,
a stuffing of chopped meat or sugar.
Cf.
$J
fi SH-
is
occasionally
made with
PART
CHAP. XXI.]
make mincemeat
sir
Ma Chiang-chun
if
the
is
to be responsible, pray
5.
And in order to
upon him, FA P^N put
8
an
the
letter,
but now,
doesn't come,
who
"
?
"It won't affect you," said the gra-
duate.
is
me
you need mind about
that's all
Pai
Give
of him.
VI.
affair of
put further pressure

word: "There
in his
mine," said he,
me
dispose of for
at the
Hui MING promptly
"
that
same
you could
But
time."
rejoined that that could
not be; two commissions were more than

one person could charge himself with.9
6.
"Well,
if that's
the
way
of
it,"
said
the graduate, who saw that his mind was so

bent in the right direction that nothing could
"
oppose him,
off
with you at once."
Hui MING, striding along with light

and valourous air,10 took leave of the
7.
step
gate, a solitary
385
horseman
"Which
along he shouted,
to try his strength with
now, and
man."
8.
let
of
me
us see which
as
he galloped
you is coming
do your best
is
the stronger
Now, the temple stood on the high
shoulder of a
11
so that once out of the
hill,
gate the horse found

hill,
and
and he
it
easy going
down the
set off at full gallop, plunging
12
and prancing as if he was frightened.

9. Even if the robbers had given chase,
being on foot of course they could not come
Hui MING never stopped once
up with him.
draw breath, but galloped straight to the

P'u Kuan, and taking the letter out of his
13
it to the Pai Ma
breast, he presented
Chiang-
to
chun, and told him the whole state of the

case exactly as
it
stood.
graduate then and there, and rode out of the
8.
and,
Jj|
tui, try
UJ
J 3-
H Si!
ft> eg
31,
H|> with light
jS $L
ch'ieh
tui
is
said to be equivalent to
J,
to try
(of. jjfj
p'o-tzti,,
'*'>
one [mmn. in his own] person cannot perform two
(or high) step
and valourous
air
chi, press
him
chih 3 , the foot
the shoulder of a hill: p'o, a sloping bank; ch'ieh, here, deviating from the peris
JJ
ts'uan 1 , here apparently to plunge.
of tone.
ch'eng*, to
^J)
affairs.
the dictionaries do not support this pronunciation of the character, which
pendicular
12.
upon
[whether he will yield to pressure].

*
11
chi 3 tui, to put pressure
hand
See Part III, 545.
Note the change
properly read tsv? or
ch'ii
to a superior; ch ing-tz&, a petition.
49
1
.
386
TZtT
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
CHAPTER
The perusal of the letter startled
the Pai Ma Chiang-chun; "Ah," exclaimed
1.
he,
"
this
is
indeed
business
pretty
XXII.
4
along
him
to the general,
he knelt down before
on his horse and implored his
as he sat
"
mercy.
Without more ado, he mustered a body of

infantry and cavalry, and set it in motion,
and with banners waving and loud shouts his

force came straight down upon the Fu-chiu
4.
The Pai
made
Ma
Chiang-chun knew what
a notorious brigand he was, and how he had

for years contrived to keep out of the meshes
of the law
and
when he had
Ssu.
The graduate heard the

men and horses, a din as
[CHAP. xxii.
man go
hands would have
to have let such a
fallen into his
the skies
been throwing away a chance, would it not ?

so he gave orders that the chief himself
and the earth was being rent; 1

and he knew that a rescue was at hand.
should be put to death 5 then and there, but

that mercy should be extended to his followers
2.
by the
were
noise
if
falling
3.
As for SUN FEI-HU, when he

movement afar off, it made
espied this
his heart
great
beat :* there was only one course open to
he sheathed 3
'
3^ $1
his sword,
2 5i3
iiS
-
RS
Sfe
building that falls
i<a S to
down from
*' ara3
''^>
him
and stealing timidly
Ml
in ruins
the top
hsieri*,
on condition that they abandoned their
evil
courses and, returning to honest ways, submitted to the disposition that might be made
of
them by the
vulgarly hsilcm*, to
fall in.
authorities.
Note that
t'a
can only be used of any
to collapse in consequence of the subsidence of the foundation
is
fan'
$})
a term expressive of the palpitation of the heart.
a sheath, a scabbard.
3-
ch'-Mo',
4-
ts'eng', to
drag the feet along; generally used of the shuffling gait of old age; to walk hesitatingly or
"delicately."
5-
JE
fc
cheng fa, to put to death, to
the proper manner
fa, the law.
inflict
the last penalty of the law :
lit.,
cMng, to execute, to carry out in
PART
CHAP. XXIII.]
VI.
CHAPTER
And
thank him
them
4.
"
I have been trespassing
general said to him,
on
greatly
your hospitality for the last two
for his goodness in thus rescuing
from death.
all
XXIII.
The graduate made his friend stay
two days, but when the third day came the
now, the work of suppression

being completed, the graduate CHAXG came
out to visit the Pai Ma Chiang-chun and to
1.
The chiang-chun on
days,
sir,
and to-morrow being pay 9-day

8
complimented the graduate upon his

1
and
the two men having interchanged
ability,
a few phrases, each declining the other's
head-quarters,
3
praise, the general took off a deer's horn
4
thumb-ring that he was wearing, and presented it to the graduate.
him
his part
for their
5.
"We
2.
our meeting to-day
"accept this in
don't refuse 9
The graduate took the
3.
him
sir,"
him
for his
fine workmanship
had a pattern upon it, and the
graduate asked if the design was artificial.
The general said that it was natural. And so
they went on conversing about one trifle or
of
it
more
another,
his hands, but
am
really
said he, "to think
he
most concerned,
troops have
how your
The general modestly declined
compliments; "Don't mention
it,"
his
said he;
"may we meet
me
number than one can
in
The graduate did not venture to press

when he heard that he
to stay longer,
6.
it
up
must wish you good-bye."
been put about 10 by this alerte." With such

words he conducted the general to the gate,
and when the moment of parting came, he
reiterated his thanks for his trouble.
began to extol the
present,
so I
at
again expressed his sincere thanks for what
pray."
ring from
in both his hands, and, thanking
he had done; "I
honour of
it, sir,
pay
the troops will be going
had public business upon
have not seen each other for
many years," said he
387
again some day; accompany

no farther, I beg, sir." And so they took
leave of one another.
recount. 7
lio\ ability.
2
'
3'
4-
W.
See Part V, Lesson
XXX,
X, Note
8.
See Part IV, Dialogue
IS-
HP? jfy chi' chio, the horn of
pan
J$c fa' f
chih-'rh,
8,
Obs.
Note
18.
any horn-bearing animal.
a thumb-ring, the ring worn on the right thumb by archers
chih has here no tone,
the emphasis being laid on pan.

5-
^ iP
to refuse, as a present.
See Part III, 678.
a desultory conversation, a talk on miscellaneous subjects.

J$f
of this phrase can be obtained.
6.
Jjt sftw
8.
%Ji ying*, a military
9.
IO
Lesson
fjjj)
S?
II,
expression
hsiang
3
,
Sfi
W)
Note
7,
$g
jf[|
satisfactory explanation of the origin
to narrate.
7-
No
cantonment, a camp, barracks
commonly
called vif
2-
also,
a regiment.
soldier's pay.
*Ki
''hung shih, your whole brigade, thing tung, have been disturbed; shih, not, as in Part V,
a teacher, but a legion or brigade, originally consisting of 2,500 men.
Cf. the common polite
$j, I apologise for disturbing you.
388
ERH
TZtT
[CHAP. xxiv.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
CHAPTER XXIV.
The graduate turned round and had
1.
mind was
along as if her
"
full of
something.
What
breeze blows you this

asked the graduate, smiling.
2.
day?"
the fact
HUNG
said
is,"
NIANG,
"
way
away he went, quite the gentleman
my
in his
bearing, to the other side of the temple.

to-
The
6.
servants hastened to thrust back 5
the hanging screen of the library, and the

graduate entering found a picture hung upon
"Well,
that
The graduate changed the cap, and

now perfectly en regie,3
5.
his whole toilette being
re-entered the temple, when, behold! out of

the inner gate came HUNG NIANG, hurrying
old
quarters in the library, sir; but she hopes

that you will breakfast with her first to-
the person represented was YING

6
YING, and the picture was so finely and carefully executed that it was the living image
morrow morning."
of the lady herself.
mistress wishes to invite
"
Oh why
!
3.
should
you
to take
Madame
not to regard myself as

her invitation, but as she com-
deserving
mands me
myself of
7.
ought
really
to go, I
shall
not
fail
to
avail
it."
Accordingly, the following

dressed himself with very great care.
4.
day
he
deep bow, modestly declined her acknowledgments
And he
was just going to put on his cap when CH'IN

T'UNG observed that the cap was somewhat
old-fashioned
wouldn't
it
8.
Tw
tt 1t
2r
be better to ex-
You
"
are too complimentary,
what
verb says, equally benefits oneself the service

I rendered was surely not so very meritorious."
;
shih hsing 1 , in the fashion Using 1 , to be in demand, to be fashionable

narrow sleeve openings are not fashionable now.
5PC
SE
amongst Taoist
are put on.
madam,"
benefits others, as the pro-
1
f 7J f 1\ mang, in a hurry; too , lit, harassed, oppressed with care.
flip*
%,
3-
"
said he
change it for such a cap as was then the

mode, he asked.
!
The graduate had been feasting his

eyes upon the portrait for some time, in
rapt contemplation, when Madame Ts'ui came
over from her apartments. The moment she
saw him she began to say how grateful she
was, and so on, but the graduate, making a
Ts'ui give
herself this trouble," exclaimed the graduate

"
the wall
up your
e.g.,
JJ
^ 51
/!
@^
Jcuan 1 , a cap, specially the ancient form of cap, which is now obsolete except
priests; ch'i, complete; ch'u, in due order; the praise is less of the clothes than of the way they
3>
?=r
properly dressed
4- $)f 3t> gentlemanlike deportment.

This expression is extremely difficult to analyse, and the student would do
well to accept the fact that ss& wen means gentlemanly and dignified in
bearing ; any attempt to show how it came to
have this meaning would involve a more elaborate explanation than the scope of these notes is intended to embrace.
Cf. (&
he is a gentlemanly man ; a man who is quiet, dignified, and patient
f@ $Jf 3
5-
^
M
A>
hsien', to
lift,
to raise, as the cover of a dish, a hanging screen, or a sheet of

paper lying flat
$fa
J|
J,
to turn over a page.

6-
f} Ui 11 the portrait of a person drawn when he is alive : t'u, the picture of one who is Using lo, enjoying
The hsing lo t l u is generally a represenpleasure, i.e., who is engaged in some pursuit that interests or amuses him.
tation of the individual engaged in his favourite pursuit.
portrait drawn during life for use sacrificially after death
.
is called
^f 5E
JjJ,
and on the death of the individual
the other two descriptions of portrait

and dressed in his official robes.
is
it
becomes a
frj.
The
that in the latter the person portrayed
is
between a hsing lo t'u and

generally sitting in a formal attitude
difference
PART
CHAP. XXV.]
vi.
389
CHAPTER XXV.
The
servants began forthwith to put

the food on the table a recherchtf repast; 1
requested his mistress to do the honours.

The old lady, with the aid of the chopsticks,
and everything else equally

and the service
helped the graduate to different viands, and

"
this done she said to him,
Don't make a
1.
wine,
meats,
good
dried fruits and fresh
all
2 3
of old porcelain
2.
as thin as paper.
stranger of yourself,
too loose to allow of
The book-cases which surrounded the
room were
up with volumes
piled
HUNG
as high as
the ceiling, and while the breakfast was being
served the graduate kept on gazing at

incessantly in one direction or another.
books were
first editions, printed in the South

the paper and type 4 both excellent.
3.
Madame
6.
"
is this
worm
is,
the better
the work-room
"
objection to old books, that the bookbreeds in them so easily, and then of
"
these,"
There
is
said the
to
do
2.
W
^ yao
'
iSI I/*
3
,
4- /Ijt
tsti,
tz'ti,
j?
-pan
ch'i
4
,
porcelain
lit.,
"
5-
*& JH
6-
fS S. "F 4H
tvf-yu-tztt,
1
ching
is
an instrument of
a bookworm
tu,
shift? teti? chi*
3
,
"
arrived.
begs that you'll
in
You
are too fond of letting your

way
7
run
on," said she; "if mamma were
tongue
this
also,
an
is
wide, open, spacious ;
pit,
as
^ î a
cut ; also, a board, as
coal-mine ; hence, yao-tzti, a brothel
^jjjj ffi,
or pan-tzft.
Note that pan-
flagellation.
insect,
somewhat
like a fish in appearance,
ching, canonical works (the wu, ching}
works of philosophers, as LiEH-Tztt, CHUANG-TZC, LAO-TZO,

ch'ang
when HUNG NIANG
mamma
porcelain utensils.
a block on which type for printing
alone without the numerative
7- f$[
Your
chutm': yao, savoury meats; chuan, a banquet, a meal.
a kiln or furnace for firing porcelain

3
3-
company."
was not an
seem penny wise and pound foolish."

8. YING YING scolded her for
talking
is
5. They conversed in this way until the

larger dishes were brought in, and the butler
I-
rule,
books, history, philosophy, and all other kinds

of literature 6 and at any time that you wish
any of them, sir, all you have

to take out what you want."
visitor
habit of spending her money right and left,

and now, on an occasion like this, to begin
counting the cost with such care does really
to read
think that this way of managing a marriage

shows a strong sense of economy on your
mamma's part she has always been in the
every sort of reading in

"
the canonical
lady
old
my
as
come
7.
and keep the graduate CHANG company at
breakfast, miss," said HUNG NIANG; "I do
but there
course they get honeycombed and destroyed."

4.
YING YING,
and having completed her toilette, she had

been seated some time waiting, all forlorn, in
"Well," said the graduate,
the older an edition
my
the graduate was invited to breakfast, she

had been up the first thing in the morning,
were never away from the book-shelves, asked

"
What kind of books is it, sir, that you
hun,
"
teeth are
eating these things.
early riser, but this day, being aware that
Ts'ui, observing that his eyes
esteem the most?
my
NIANG, go to the young lady and beg
her to come and keep
them
The
pray;
sir,
etc.
which destroys books.
shih, historical
chi, miscellaneous works.
shuo-hua ch'ang, to give rein or latitude to one's tongue.
works ;
tztt,
th
TZU ERH
390
[CHAP. xxv.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
do you suppose that you wouldn't

you must keep a little more within
12
And
a short
to hear you,
this
catch
13
she
time, knitting her brows in vexation,
took leave of the graduate and departed,
it ?
if
bounds,
you
please."
9. Saying which she crossed over, followed by HUNG NIANG.

She saluted the
he regraduate as soon as she saw him
way?"
11.
turned the salute, bowing low, with his arms

extended and the whole party sat down.
what a pity
The
old lady looked intently at the pair,

ability on the one side and beauty on the
united,
nice
it
12.
formed by nature to be
and there was but one
good things, as they
to be sure
it all is
And
to
the
somehow
16
j
"
!
likewise
graduate
it
he found he could not

The old lady guessed what
his mind and anticipated him
tried to speak, but
open his lips.

was passing in
not been engaged, to have married her 9 to the

graduate ; but this was at present out of the
"
"
;
seemed that the bridge had been broken

down as soon as the river was crossed he
and she thought sadly to herself how

would have been, had her daughter
question,
HUNG NIANG
say, are pretty sure to be hitched
other, a couple truly
"One's got to put one's head to it

[before anything can be done],"
now 14
bit
thought
after sitting there
"There
a difficulty in the way, sir," said

she, "which you are not aware of; my girl
has been engaged ever since her childhood
alternative.
is
YING YING, " you must

My
not treat the graduate CHANG henceforward as
a stranger; you must call him brother and he
must call you sister, and your affection 10 for
nephew, CH&NG HENG; your action in

saving our whole family, sir, it would be hard
indeed to repay never so long as I live shall
each other will be the comfort of
I forget
child," said she to
10.
As YING YING listened
my
to these words,
right
why
my
is
mother
"
chia' ou 3 , an admirable
9-
proverb,
round in
troubled."
is
match
ou, a pair, a
hun 1
sir,
and the way you
sympathised with us."

13. "What the eye doesn't
when the
contract a marriage:
>
your goodness,
not
This
shifting
my
heart."
which declared as plainly as could be that

now the scar 11 was healed all past pain was
forgotten, she said to herself,
to
match
see," says
the
"the mouth has no craving for;

ear does not hear, the heart is not
The graduate was a
disinterested
used specially of a married couple.
1
properly, a bridegroom; yin , properly, a bride; hence,
hmi
yin,
marriage.
Io
"&
pa'-la', a scar: the old lady
as the danger
I2>
used specially with reference to fraternal affection.
is
HI
to transform
was
had forgotten her promise to marry YING YING to her deliverer as soon
over.
$f*j
tea 4
changed her plans or arrangements, came round to another way of thinking: pien*, to change,
which may be called the categorical indices of
certain symbolical groups of lines of classical origin
Chinese philosophy, but here spoken of with reference to divination ; q.d., the good Jcua originally selected has been
changed ; fig. for someone's change of purpose after passing his word. For a description of the eight Tcua the student
" Chinese Reader's
is referred to MAYERS'
Manual," p. 333.
'3-
W. Jm 3*
a fixed air
>
t'ou
lit.,
f melancholy or vexation
to scratch the head
lit.,
sad eyebrows that will not chan 3 , open.
this is a scratch-head business,
one that requires the exercise of
thought.
15.
j$
good things)
!jj
:
3>
mo 3
there are many annoyances attending the performance of good actions

used of continuous annoyances.
lit.,
to grind
(or
enjoyment of
PART
CHAP. XXV., XXVI.]
VI.
and rocking himself about, 16 looking at the

17
good wine and the excellent fare with which
the table was covered without touching them ;
not a mouthful could he have eaten
and
after a short interval he sadly and gravely
man, and when he put himself forward in

the time of danger, and exerted himself, it
had not been in the least degree from any
hope of reward
when he heard the
still,
old lady talk in this way, he could not help

feeling greatly disappointed, and not a single
he
word could he bring
out' in reply
all his
self-possession,
and kept on fidgeting
*6see also
}M
itfl
IS Wi
Part V, Lesson
!?
Madame
took formal leave of
Ts'ui and went
his way.
lost
huang* tang*, fidgeting and rocking himself about: tang, a condition of disturbance;
LXXXVI, Note 4, where it has a different sound and meaning.
huang*
li'
chia 1 , good, excellent, admirable; identical in meaning with
3J|
391
q.v.,
but the former cannot be applied
to individuals.
CHAPTER XXVI.
1.
HUNG NIANG
own room, and

spirits
"
seeing
how very much out
he was, she asked him in a low
What makes you

2.
accompanied him to his
"
whether the old lady holds to her

word or not so far as she is concerned, but
signify
of
how am I to get over it ? "

4. "Ah!" said HUNG NIANG, "then I
see I wasn't out in my guess why didn't you
voice,
so sad, sir ?"
have drunk a cup or two too much,"
come
said the graduate.

"
3.
said
HUNG
NIANG, repressing a smile

unsteadiness is to be laid on the wine
"
;
better speak out now."
the graduate, "the truth
is
5.
am
6.
you
"
that I have been
some trouble and all to no purpose;

put
no good is come of it of course it doesn't
DC 10
3
5u win cho
7f @f
>
tsui,
pursed up her mouth
See Part V, Lesson
LIV, Note
15.
Some people
when
I tell
said
are clever one
HUNG
you what
You
cithern, don't you, sir
a proverb indicative of a person
in vituperation or an outburst of
temper, etc.
"
will please you.
IK *S
a plan in my head."
"
Indeed ? asked the graduate eagerly,
I've
some another,"
"Well," said
to
'
me ?
"and what may your plan be,3 when things

"
are in such a mess as they are ?
one's
I
afraid this doesn't tally with the facts
had
"
Where may have you been drinking ?"

1
to
way and
NIANG, laughing;
it is, I'll
guarantee it
play very well on the
?
well, the cithern is
the dictionaries do not recognise this meaning of min.
who
feigns drunkenness or
makes
it
a plea for indulging
TZU ERH CHI.
392
the instrument our young lady
fondest of
is
hearing you play on it this evening, and

us see what she says when she hears it."
;
let
Is it
The graduate sprang up
"
is
a
the
case
?"
said
that
he
really
suggestion, I must say, quite in accordance with my
;
Be
ideas.
an
see
it
on the
air
how
so then; this evening
I'll
play
and you will watch and

her, and then come and tell
cithern,
it affects
me."
8.
went
HUNG NIANG
and
assented,
and away she
in the evening, greatly to her sur-
YING YING heard
prise,
sound of a
of a sudden the
all
she had something on her

mind; and then she told me to buy some
bewildered, as
fruit
"
7.
[CHAP. xxvi.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
cithern.
After listening very attentively for

some time, she asked HUNG NIANG, "Where
9.
sir
is
if
and bring
to
anything."
melons for
sale.
most
his feelings
the
likely
"
graduate
playing to relieve
observed that
when he
from breakfast he looked very sad

think he is going to stay here."
11. YING YING started as
down on a rug full of needles
an
effort,
she said, "

surely
directly,
He
12.
was
it
she had sat
then,
making
can't be going off
when you hear

some
good fruit
buy
to-morrow,
fruit cried in the street,
and take
if
;
got up
I don't
to him."
HUNG NIANG
desired,
promised to do as she
and the next day she spoke

"
the
There's
graduate
beginning of things," she told him.
does it show itself?" said the graduate.
;
to
sign of a
faint
"How
"Last evening, when she heard the

sound of the cithern, she looked all lost,
13.
4-
ifi fjf
jj
$Hi
yiin*, here
as the voice (see Part V, Lesson

5-
1*
ffl "?> to
have a
fit
She was moving towards the temple

and as luck would have it,
1 6.
how he
there with a load of water-
sold them.
she tried to beat
HUNG NIANG asked him

He told her his price, but
him down, and
the man,
declaring that what she offered wouldn't cover

the cost price, took his pole 6 in his hand [as
still he did
if he was going to shoulder it]
;
not move, but waited until HUNG NIANG rose

her price a little, and then he let her have
the water-melons.
HUNG NIANG
took her melons in and

to
the
them
graduate CHANG, asking
presented
him if he felt any better.
"
said he;
1 8. "A
little better,"
your
present comes in very nice time, and the fruit
17.
looks pretty good

it
won't you eat a
little
of ague
tan*, a carrying pole
19.
HUNG NIANG
thanked
him,
but
declined; "Water-melon doesn't agree with
6).
yao*, aguish fever.

;
of
yourself?"
a musical chord or harmonious tone ; yu*, far-reaching, protracted ; yang*, to
XCI, Note
keep quiet and not trouble your head about
man
HUNG NIANG,
"
;
what was the matter.

"
I've had ague 5 these two days," said
15.
the graduate. "Indeed!" said HUNG NIANG.
"
Then you should take something for it, and
there was a
CHANG," said
there ?"
But as
really am greatly obliged to you."
he was speaking a cold fit seized him, and he
shivered so from head to foot that it frightened HUNG NIANG, and she asked with a start
that
10. "It's
is
good," said the graduate
gate as she spoke,
it."
now, just think,
gentleman
be more particular,
Very
14.
like yourself there
that cithern being played, and in such good

cadence too ? * I can't think who it can be
playing
you
to a clever
no need
"
is
is
to
it
so called because the pole
is
flattened so as not to hurt the shoulder.
raise,
PABT
CHAP. XXVI.]
me,"
said she.
eaten a
of
little
it,
vi.
when the graduate
So when the graduate had

he told CH'IN T'UNG to put
little;
he,
There were a great
many mosquitoes
and they kept the graduate so

8
constantly scratching himself that he could
get no sleep at nights and he was now leanin the room,
22.
23.
her a few with
trouble
is, I'll
my respects,
you
21
his
in return for her
7-
0f2 tfl ~T> I
am
she was, and having

was just going away
afraid to eat
them
my
yang ;
ff
Ia
ffife
Jffc
as here with loo

as hsia
'<w k'wan
it
to
to
nod with
to
signature
"
said he,
or
he handed
may
say
12.
3-
$T
yvn'
ifto
4
,
to
|9i chan*, to dip, as
Sjf !n[
&5
his
in
HUNG
to
"
:
What-
when she
you can come and
tell
sees
me, you
know."
lit.,
to scratch
me
to avoid them.
an itching [place]: yang yang,
to itch; not
also, to clutch, as in Part III, 448.
sleep.
put down a name: k'uan, a form, a section, an
means the name
it,
article, q.d., of
a treaty; when used
surname either of the person presenting the fan or of the recipient (distinguished
and shang respectively) or of both.
1 1-
3
51 ta'tun -'rh,
This seemed to the graduate a sen-
previous experience causes
g^ yang, to scratch oneself;
chua, to scratch or tear with the fingers
the fan,"
NIANG, "for fear the old lady

she is very suspicious."
ever the young lady
HUNG NIANG said

best,
name 10 on
NIANG, with the following injunction
to take
it,"
some of the
with you at the
the twinkling of an eye he had written a

stanza 13 upon the fan, which, without
putting
present."
selected
it
it
observation, and having rubbed

n
ink
and moistened 12 his pencil well,
cithern stand; they were very good, and he

asked HUNG NIANG, " Is the young lady fond
she
wait a
sible
he suddenly noticed some peaches that he had

bought, which were standing in a bowl on the
if
Don't write your
should see
"
HUNG
said
ing with his elbow upon the small table of the

stove bed, half asleep and half awake, 9 when
of peaches
called to her to
write something on a fan," said
"I'll
"and you can carry

same time."
the rest away.

20.
393
rub ink on the ym*-t'ai, or ink-stone.

a pen in the ink, bread in sauce,
W- bald-headed
poetry,
i.e.,
etc.
without a heading
or a
name
50
394
Tzt;
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
CHAPTER
Home
1.
HUNG NIANG
went
and presented the peaches
accordingly,
YING YING;
to
as to the fan, she thought to herself
and stepped aside without

remark.
making any
2. YING YING'S
eye caught sight of it,
and taking it up she immediately exclaimed,
inadvertently,
41
Where did
what
on
is
2
writing
ah
CHANG'S
berately to
way
show
his
contempt
for
me
deli-
in this
in consequence of some-
it's
him yesterday without
thing you said to
weren't afraid that
my
you! and you

would be discovered ?
it
become of you when
what
will
Now
don't be angry, whatever
I tell
mamma.
"
3.
am
HUNG
NIANG, with
not the one to be blamed
do, miss," replied
"I
all
you
haste;
what
for
has happened, and I should never have ventured to suggest it and if your mamma were
;
to ask
me how
came about, should
it
I ever
have the courage to say that I was sent to the

"
graduate with a present from you, miss ?
4. This embarrassed YING YING, and finding
as
it
2.
3-
much
out of order to be indulgent
See Chapter
XVIII, Note
till
Hk
Ip:
jfiji
t^
2
3
)M. ts'un to , to reflect, to consider:
is
not very well," said
HUNG
"and one might just as well hold

one's tongue as recommend him to take
medicine
then, again, if one asks him if
NIANG
there
anything that would be certain to

he won't say a word."
is
put him
to rights,
without being able to speak; at last, with

some show of shame, she came out with her
come from
kiv> \vledge; a servant girl like
we'll see
"He
5.
Is the
who wrote
of course,
gentleman any better
"
girl,
"
don't recognise the handno doubt it's the graduate

I
now why should he choose
as to be severe, she asked the
YING YING pondered 3 what she heard,

and turned it over in her mind ever so long
this fan
it ?
XXVII.
would
it
not be so well to give it to her mistress

direct, so she laid it on the table, as it were
xxvn.
[CHAP.
31-
pi-chi
6.
"
idea,
have a note here ready written,"
"
you take it to him immediately."

Such capriciousness as this there was
no keeping in hand, and a smile involuntarily
escaped HUNG NIANG as she observed it.
said she
7.
8.
"
Oh
miss,"
she cried,
"
but don't
you think that it may perhaps upset him ?

wouldn't the sight of the note be sure to
"
make him worse ?
Her words added to YING YING'S

confusion, and then from being displeased
she became angry, and, flying into a passion, 4
g.
she flung the note on the ground.
HUNG NIANG
picked it up;
she
held her peace
she
felt
indignant,
though
but as she thought it all over, she asked
10.
just
"
herself,
Why
should she
everything with
me when
fly in
I
a rage about
always do every-
I.
handwriting: chi, a trace, a footmark; also written

to,
elsewhere
4
fru ,
jjJ>
ar>d
short for to liang, also to consider, to calculate,
to estimate.
4-
Sit
-f
tit?
ch'i-txtt,
to get into a rage
person giving offence.

5-
fJR chieii
3
,
here, to pick up.
tu, to
gamble, to wager
to stake one's passion against that of the
PART
CHAP. XXVII.]
me ? 6
thing she bids
here
am
VI.
I fetching
carrying letters for
them, slaving away
have
to get
been looking
and
and
it
She thought on in this way for a

as nothing suggested itself to her,
but
while,
she stifled her wrath, and went straight over
CHANG'S
Now the
HUNG NIANG,
12.
for
plain that I
this
the garden wall?"
11.
to the graduate
"What?" exclaimed HUNG Nu.v;,

"
what manner
of talk is this? what do you mean by
making
up idle stories like these out of your own
15.
with simulated indignation
side of the buildings.
graduate was looking out

and as she did not appear,
head?
much
her to come; and to this end he

had just desired CH'IN T'UNG to go to HUNG
NIANG and ask her for a needle and thread
satisfied."
together,
when
himself to
6.
Cf.
iS
H
7-
HUNG
"By
14.
52.
jit 2}5
?S
>
jjt
A,
9-
clear
Jco
!3>
or
tree
$1 HI
ti
to perform all the
fjlj,
pay
ch'a*-'rh,
most menial
offices for, to
tu*,
properly
to",
it ?
it
wait upon in a slavish manner.
ch'a
2
,
properly
c/i'a
4
,
a branch of a
Cf. the following:
an adverb,
certainly
to step, to tread, to walk.
looked for an opportunity or excuse
incident.
ch'io, here,
is
slavish court or adulation to.
ch'io\ in plain truth, in very truth
note the change of tone
is
graduate and went home.
walking backwards and forwards
S f@ % hsiang
(} & ?), an unexpected
7 *X a 7 (**>
^'
to
there
NIANG.
E3 6$
rejoined
does beat anything one could have fancied.'

This cogitation ended, she took leave of the
these verses," said he to her, "it
this
who would have thought
he addressed
fSj^f,"]^0^'fpJ'^
9
;
to set about such a piece of business as this
news that went so
expectations,
lie at all?"
singular; to go on as
she did when she knew the graduate was
ill, seeming not to care about it, and then
the world!
his
should I
"Why
"Well now," said HUNG NIANG to

what is one to say to this ? that
herself,
the young lady should have been making
an appointment on the sly, of all things in
beyond
6.
"
time before he guessed its purport yes,

YING YING was very anxious for an interview
far
so
17.
overjoyed at
mistress
communing with
came along.
13. She handed the note to the graduate
he opened it, and at the first glance he
perceived that, like his own message, it was
a stanza of poetry this he had to con some
old
"
herself as she
with him
my
the graduate
it's the strict truth
not the slighest mistake about it."
she arrived with the note,
little
tell
the better for you give you an inch

and you take an ell; you are never to be
getting
book
don't
if
he had been walking up and down his room,

8
for
trying hard to hit upon some excuse
7
to stitch the leaves of a
am
given a rendezvous for

advise
me now as to how
evening you
to go to her; had I not better jump over
is
"
anything by
395
ti
a bright spot
(see
really, certainly, indeed.
Part III, 19), hence, evident, manifest,
TZU ERH
396
CHI.
[CHAP. XXVIIL
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHAPTER XXVIIL
The graduate took out the verses
tried their meaning this way and
that way, and the more he considered them
the more they fitted in with the guess he had
made " Oh that the evening were come,"
coming that way; whereon he leaped

and deftly down into the garden.
i.
again, and
2.
And he went
;
by-
and-by it got lower down in the west; he

turned round and listened to the clock, but it
foul
fell
wound up l
responding,
Then
it
up
asked YING YING
this reason only that, after
CH'IN T'UNG, duly
felt
as fast as he could.
indisposed to
the garden; then,

perceiving that it
show
much
mamma
quiries about
was simply
your
reflection, I
that fan
sending HUN.G NIANG
my
too,
a bit came the twilight, and then,

graduate's delight, the lamps were
after
the
to
the clock
wound
it
"
?
impression about me, sir; my conduct is

always above-board and straightforward; you
had conferred a favour upon us, and it was for
had stopped
He
of CH'IN T'UNG; why had he -not
made no sound what
that
is
was the graduate himself, she began with

much gravity,4 " Don't be under any false
out to see where
was just past noon
it
Who
when she saw someone in

3
looking well at him and
thought he.
the sun was
"
to
illness these last
to satisfy
my
feelings
convey
to
perfect correctness, so I thought
it
waited on until, just as they were setting the

night watch, he fancied he heard the tinkling
have
wall,
glance
'
Piirt
_t
5>
wind up,
to
V, Lesson C, Note
have something
to
me
make
to
to
fail to
so,
in-
few days
else to say to
I feared if I entrusted
safest for
it
to
HUNG
you with
would be
submit the recommendation
you
What
in person.
the liberty of observing
take
the present
Emperor, as everyone knows, has the examinations for degree 6 in the highest esteem
is
this
was indeed YING YING
it
NIANG she might
that
but
you that
ornaments; he hurried to the

and mounting it once more, he saw at
of a lady's
ground
in,
make
on the same
whereupon he went and took a

good look over the wall; not a sign was
there, however, of anyone on the other side,
so he had to return to his room, and there he
brought
lightly
a clock: hsien', the string of a bow or musical instrument; the character ^

('
but erroneously; sliang, to make to ascend, hsien, the string or spring of
sc.,
2) is often used,
the clock.
2-
3-
t&i
MR
~f $$
huan*
sometimes written
4-
p'ei*, rings
hsi,
1<
JE EK
cheng yen
is
perhaps more common.
^j- ff
The
attentively, minutely.
hence, women's jewellery.
dictionaries
give no explanation of this use of ted, which
is
ff
properly, a whetstone
^^
girdle ornaments
li,
5-
and
&}
k'e
ijfa
chia 3
se,
gravely
lit.,
with correct (properly adjusted) countenance and severe looks
hence, severe, harsh, stern.
JflJ,
the reigning
chia, the class,
or chii-jen, the two highest degrees,

classes of the first or second degree
purchase or for military service.
'fife
i.e.,
Emperor; a phrase
first,
;; ^4
specially used
second, or third, in the
he obtained
ffi
jfi
official
k'e,
or examinations for the degree of chin-ahih
he commenced his
employment
by people about the Palace; fo yeh alone
official career as
a graduate
in
one of the
in virtue of the literary degree he held
not by
PABT
CHAP. XXVIII.]
'
VI.
great in shoal water as in deep, it came to

pass that his malady attacked him again with
increased violence; and on the following day
the dashing warrior that the jewelled

sword is given,' says the proverb; 'to the
It is to
7
You are a fine
beauty, the pearl powder.'
scholar why don't you aspire to the highest
FA
PfiN, hearing that the

been so good to him was
and then,
prize?
after obtaining
were to make a successful career,

be honoured by everybody; whereas
if
who had
visitor
went straight
to Madame Ts'ui in great tribulation and
if
you
would
you
it,
397
ill,
informed her.
you
The old lady was
much
concerned
continue, as at present, unavailable for any

useful purpose, you'll be nothing more than
as
9
any other private individual, and people
immediately that the doctor should be called
set
you down
6.
will
mediocre person of no
as a
in,
10
FA PEN when
and she sent
as
she heard
it
HUNG NIANG
she gave orders

to see
what was
the matter with the graduate.
energy."
"
Having concluded this severe oration,

she turned round and departed.
4. The graduate was just about to speak
when it occurred to him that it would be as
3.
7.
asked
Do you feel any

HUNG NIANG when
room.
"Ah,"
better now, sir
"
?
she came into his
said the graduate, "I have
no
well not to provoke her while she was excited;
11
experience of suffering of any sort or kind,
and yesterday I had a wrong done me that
indignant though he was, he kept his feelings to himself, and jumping over the wall
beats everything the road to the grave, they

12
say, is as much for the young as the old, and
so,
had jumped over
as he
it
before,
he returned
I don't
to his room.
5.
8.
The
intolerable
still,
he
explosion
lady's
felt
to
is
sword), Mng',
woman
8-
chia
$3
HH
:tf $!]
^!l
presented,
1
,
good,
*f|i
fair,
Hjf
i> &C
yii?, to, lieh
|PJ
H;
A:
I shall recover."
HUNG NIANG
keep your mind easy and take care

of yourself; I have brought a dose which the
all
poo
shih, the dashing
that
chien*, the jewelled
sword (Men, properly a two-edged
3
blazing) warrior; red fin , powder,
(lit.,
is
given to the pretty
(why don't you

;
set up, a chili hsiang, resolution in the direction of) hi chan, standing forth
li,
ao
is
a sea monster on whose head stands a representation of the divinity
who
the patron of candidates for literary honours.

9-
Ia
fro
ting,
I2
an individual
Ha ^P *^>
mm
troubles of
originally, a nail or pin,
a mediocre individual
snan hsien k'u
la,
hsi,
but not so used.
watery
sung, dishevelled, as hair.
things sour, salt, hitter, and pungent or acrid; hence, the vicissitudes or
life.
it T& Sfr -fc 2K 3 iJ?> the road to the grave is for the young as well as the old there
amongst the travellers on the road to the yellow spring chfiian*, a spring, commonly called jf|
likened to a hollow in the yellow clay where the springs lie.
-
of age
is
to the heart to
of persons or things, but used only in rather classical phrases.
alone on the ao' t'ou, head of the ao

is
IB
ffl
13
hear him talk in this way, but she forced a

"
smile as she said,
No, no, it's not so bad as
be
he could not tear himself
away from the place, and with difficulties

besetting him turn which way he would, as
7-
suppose that
It cut
13-
ffij
ko*, to cut, to gash.
is
no distinction
|jj|.
The grave
398
Tztr
ERH
young lady gave me for you take it, and

be bound it will make you well directly."
I'll
While she was speaking the doctor
g.
arrived,
he
said,
and having duly examined the patient,

"
The weather is unseasonable a num;
ber of people are affected with vomiting and

14
but this gentleman has something
purging;
matter with him; his stomach
else the
hard as a stone, and the saliva
mouth
of his
lfl
;
this is
is
is
as
symptomatic
of fever,
18
aggravated by suppressed excitement."
10. "The gentleman has got a cough
who was standing
cut in CH'IN T'UNG,
too,"
"
and what is a deal worse, this morning,

when he was drinking some water, he threw
by
it
18
out
all
swallow
without
again
able
being
This irritated the graduate; "Who

told you to be making nonsensical replies?"
"
he asked
'4-
one dose in the morning and another in the

evening, and in the course of a day or two
you
don't speak
you are spoken
till
P Wa> vomiting and purging:
_t P!
~?
'5-
men2
be sure to find that
will
it
has done
you some good."
HUNG NIANG
13.
looked carefully at the
medicines for a while, and then she asked

"
the doctor,
Is that black paste medicine
"
21
powders, and pastes," said the
doctor, "are all medicine; the art of medi-
too ?"
cine
Pills,
a profound
is
22
study,
and not so easy
to acquire."
14.
CHANG
it."
his pulse, 18
and taking
out a packet of medicine, "There are two
medicines in this," said he, " which must be
mixed together 20 when taken you will take
to
11.
The doctor felt
1 2.
running out
17
[CHAP. XXVHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
He
"
then took leave of the graduate

shall call again to-morrow or
next day, sir, to see how you are," 23 said he

and with these words he went his way.
to."
hsieh', to purge, purging.
2
thick, glutinous, as paste; hsien", properly yen' , the saliva of a sick
man
or
animal.
6-
iM ;8> a
9%. 3PI
Part III, 309) by

J
will
7-
tend
1
8.
'9-
20
2r
'
difference
ch'i,
c ld
symptomatic;
2J5 iSt laip'ai,
(lai, conies from),
p^g
(shang han ping, influenza), aggravated or increased
~f ho
is
p'ai, the
22.
23. It
Hfc
Pz, ch'an'
shcn ao
may be
between or insert;
branch of a stream: the p'ai, branch or direction to which his
ch'iang' liao, choked in drinking: ch'iang, to eject anything that has gone
see
illness
to feel the pulse.
See also Part V, Lesson LII,
Note
down
the windpipe.
6.
ho cho, mixed together.
ft "-'*' san
between wan and tan.
^L
to place
influenza; in other words, he is sickening for a feverish cold.
4
4
$! BS hou* (commonly Aao ) mo
}H ft :H
(chia,,
excitement.
Icao
tan 1
pills,
powders, paste (or plaster) and globules.
There
is
apparently
little
4
,
profound
ao, retired, deep, mysterious.
well to note that a Chinese doctor never tells his patient that he will call again, as this
is going to get worse.
presumptive indication that the patient
is
PART
CHAP. XXIX.]
VI.
399
CHAPTER XXIX.
HUNG NIANG
1.
had got a certain
all
handy, with
a windlass 6 on the stage over the well CH'IN
T'UNG rushed along to draw some water out
old mistress and the
My
young lady are greatly distressed about your

1
that
illness, sir, and they have vowed a vow
the day you recover they will sacrifice an
of it, but he made such headlong haste as

he ran that he nearly came down, 7 and HUNG
NIANG, noticing in what a careless fashion he
ox to heaven."
"
2.
What's the use of slaying an ox
said the graduate
me,
will it
much
"
taking
on the
"
was going
won't benefit
HUNG NIANG
well
alarm
on, called out in
"Be
5.
reverse, I shall only be so
the worse off for
3.
life
water for him.
There was a well in the court
and then in a low
distance,
"
she said,
voice
warm some
CH'IN T'UNG to
waited until the doctor
little
more
careful,
pray; the
very deep indeed; if you slip you'll

no joke, I can tell you." CH'IN T'UNG
answered her hail with a cheery laugh, and
find
it."
was a person of a kindly
is
it
and sympathising disposition; instead of tak-
having drawn the water, he put
2
ing any notice of the graduate's angry words,
she set to work to attend on him, prepared a
fire to
6.
it
on the
get hot.
While he was waiting
for the water
she told CH'IN T'UNG to
the graduate began to chat with HUNG NIANG

"What is the young lady doing at home?"
and
he asked.
drink
him and heated his medicine, and

make some gruel,4
for
The graduate was not comfortable;
The question amused HUNG NIANG,

but she didn't show it
7. "When I came away," said she, de-
an incessant tickling or itching 5 all

over him, and it occurred to him that a bath
"
the young lady
signedly misleading him,
8
There is a small hill in our
was fishing.
to
to let
keep stirring
it
4.
he
rather briskly so as not
it
burn.
felt
would
'
him more
set
i$"
vS
hsifi
yuan'
St
73
he desired
vowed a vow:
hsil,
in return for a fulfilment of
promised something
2
at ease, so
>
to promise;
V, Note
yuan
(or
)jji),
The phrase
hopes, expectations.
it
in all
is elliptical
hopes or desires.
Note
instead of taking any notice.
III, 22, to pardon, or as in Chapter
flower garden, with springs under
this
new use
of jao 2 , which
18, to do something for nothing;
it is
as in Part IV, Dialogue
is not,
here used in the sense of to forlieur:
forbearing and not heeding him, she, on the contrary.
Note
3-
JC ?!> prepared
4-
5fij
a drink
chou 1 properly
,
a sort of gruel or thick soup made from
rice, millet, etc.
For
$j, see
Chapter VIII,
g.
5-
^ $&
tz
fl,
4
'
nao*, a tickling or tingling sensation
^* 2 > a windlass
level surrounding the well's

7-
Note
dm
not necessarily soup.
14.
8.
Wi %h
r tsai ken ton.
For chi
f>f
mouth.
hit, see Part
the
wooden apparatus
Emphasise the
V, Lesson LVI, Note

:
tiao 1 , a hook, to
tz'u,
a thorn or prickle
for lowering the
reao, to scratch.
Emphasise
tz'u.
bucket which stands on the ching
t'ai,
or
first lu.
See Part V, Lesson
5j, a fishing-rod
XXIV, Note
13.
Note
tsai',
not
tieh', as in
Part V, Lesson LIV,
8.
hook ; tiao^-yu* kan', a hook-fish rod
tiao
yii,
to angle.
400
RH
TZtJ
CHI.
and the water from those runs into
directions,
a pond,9 which
is
up
when you
of fish of all sorts;
and
to one's chin,
full
get well,
sir,
they might ask you in there to take a walk."

8.
[CHAP. xxix.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
The graduate made no remark, but
he thought to himself that it was hard that,

under the circumstances, YING YING should
"The young lady coming to see how

you are," said HUNG NIANG; "how comes it
11.
that she never said a word about
it
to
me ?
don't think that's possible."

"
1 2.
It's the truth as plain as can be,"
"
said the graduate
and what I take to be the
;
find
that as the old lady bound us to

one another as brother and sister, she is most
that
likely
any pleasure in fishing; how was it

when he was thinking so of her she
should be taking no interest in him ?
g.
HUNG
his reflections to himself, had

muttering
turned to go, when ah of a sudden she gave
a start, and cried out, " I had as near as
1
had another note
that I
is this,
coming to
a feeling of sisterly
satisfy
affection."
he was
NIANG, seeing that
10
possible forgotten
case
13.
While they were
still
talking CH'IN
T'UNG reported that the water was hot and

the bath ready on which HUNG NIANG took
;
The graduate had
her leave and went home.
and
his bath,
felt so
much
the better for
it
which the young lady told me to give you,

sir
please make haste and read it."
that he thought he would take a turn, but

just as he was going out he heard a rustling
This information at once changed the

graduate's sorrow into joy, and promptly
kind of sound, 13 and looking round he saw the

cat 14 had caught a rat; this reminded him
10.
hand
stretching out his

it
and broke
it
open: "What!" exclaimed
soon as he saw what was inside
he, as
"
"
another piece of verse

attentively, but at length
He had
upon him
"
;
evening to see
9-
10
11-
12
Ufa
"?
5C "T
fH
ch'en
6.
Ig|
hua-'rh
muttering, murmuring
huang* jail,
IE?
in a flash as
it
ch'a
1
,
ch'en, to sink,
were, to
wu 4
hence deep down
greatly
yin, to
comprehended
hum
it.
to.
two characters representing a scratching or rustling sound.
cat.
8l> uneven,
full of pits
~f, to make level by
and depressions: k'eng
filling in, sc.,
the
a flower-bed.
ch'ih-tz<&,
the probabilities are, the circumstances point

ch'i
in
15
uneven, so he told CH'IN T'UNG to get some
earth and make it level. 16
this
yin
D^ Dj
moo', a
Js
a pond, a tank
rats
the rats' holes stopped up. Then, again,

out in the court he found the ground all
am," said he.
many
lest
all
it
flashed 11
coming
a good
they should frighten YING

YING when she came, he gave orders to have
room, and
it,
to study
meaning
probably
ch'ih*, a pool,
*5- J/l JJL f
its
12
is
how
13. Dtj] DJJJ
14-
She
^ IM st
^ ^>
that there were
he took
for the letter
with earth:
1
,
t'ien
a pit;
2
,
to
wa
fill
1
,
a hollow.
in or
up; p'ing,
level.
or recite, as poetry.
PART
CHAP. XXX.]
VI.
401
CHAPTEK XXX.
And
1.
YmG,
YINQ
we leave him, and
came
there, quietly waiting for
for the tune being
discourse of
HUNG
NIANG, who, having reYING YING, informed her that
turned to
to the graduate's quarters, attended
HUNG
HUNG NIANG was
5.
able girl; so she left
moment
though the graduate CHANG was taking medicine every day, he did not seem to improve,
and that, according to the doctor, it was pro-
by
NIANG.
a steady, respectthe young lady for the
went on a couple
and
outside, while she
of paces
herself, for propriety's sake,
by
bably from something on his mind that he
stepped into the room softly, so that the sick

man's nerves might not be agitated. She
was
knew
than to be winking or
making any signs with her lips she merely
beckoned to the graduate with her hand, and
ailing.
"Ah," said YING YING with a
2.
sigh,
"I've thought the matter over a good deal,
and
was going
him
to visit
myself, but I feel
greatly embarrassed about it?"
he,
"
all
our
lives,
and you have engaged
3.
YING YING,
Well, but," said
took a
was, there
The graduate began the conversation
"When the indisposition 2
though
did engage us to each other, it's true,

as brother and sister, she watches every step
I take, and if she came to learn that I had
how he
brother's
insignificant
HUNG
be afraid of
would be a
NIANG, "what
we've only got
assiduously
is
there
trouble
work
distress him."
PJ >lfi after her
own
34-
yang*, a complaint, an ailment
|U
hsien*, worthy, virtuous
|gt 3JI, assiduously
5- f=i
ch'ih, to
'J* -3* "fa
hang upon the teeth
conversation often adopted
yin
1
,
iJS
(i.e.,
fulness
"
;
used only in polite conversation
a polite form of address to
hsieh
hsil,
2
,
men
his
worthy
so
much
sister
the farther
does indeed
of
such
or
P
fits
jj
j^,,
suited to one's taste;
or,
of tea,
the head.
j|ff,
your complaint ; chien yang, mine.
women.
earnest, zealous.
trifling and,
hsiao skih, small matter, ho, how, tsu, sufficient, kua

colloquial, but represents the affected style of
The phrase is not

manners and education.
to speak about).
by people of polite
ch'in
greatly
YING YING, concealing her bashwhen that great trouble came upon
careful, anxious
is
said
trifle,"
heart; suited her wishes or feelings. Cf. 1>J"

"fj $$$
$ft ijljf J, a cap that
and that
"Why make
7.
just the right temperature for drinking
to
4. This was quite YING YING'S view of

the question, 1 and the same evening over she
etc.,
became com-
"he
now have been put to

of visiting him in person
should
quietly."
'
he,
indebted to his worthy 3 sister for sending

someone to wait upon him in all things so
"
to
of your unintelligent
person
serious," said
paratively
"
nice piece of work, wouldn't there ?
So
as
a
isn't
known
to
dead
long
thing
anybody
or alive," said
acknowledging his saluta-
seat.
6.
"
mamma
been to see
YING YING was
tion,
your brother to boot, that you should

him
a visit now he's ill is but a proper
pay
satisfaction of affection that is due to him."
as
"
that
YING YING, blushing exceedingly as she

entered the door, hung down her head and
honour
to
this
her, but instead of
him
knowing by
come, hurried forward to receive her; as he

advanced he presented his compliments to
Keally, miss,"
HUNG
NIANG, "there is nothing to be

embarrassed about when a person has saved
said
better, of course,
51
TZ& ERH CHI.
402
our house, had we not been rescued 8 by

my brother's energy unaided, how should we
rose,
have been alive
home.
humble
this
day
this visit
that she was right, so she
from your
sister,
perfect satisfaction of the feelings she should
so
they
talked on, these two,
and love
their respect
HUNG
the
young
lady,
it's
getting rather late."
miss, please
iEf jj^
gum
lit.,
and
down
dawn
From
onward the pair met

8
became
constantly; they
quite inseparable;
and the graduate continued to improve until
10.
this time
by degrees he perfectly recovered his
health.
YING YING knew
yuan', to lead by the hand or pull out
chiao',
effort
gave her her arm
before he went back to his room.
NIANG, who was by all the

that
the night was far spent, and
while, seeing
fearful lest they should be discovered, said to
"Do come home,
made an
each other increas-
for
ing, until
HUNG NIANG
while his thoughts were going up and

like buckets in a well
it was
nearly
entertain towards a brother."
And
and
9. The graduate accompanied her into

the court, and there he remained standing
until she was a long way off, gazing vacantly,
expose her though it may to

scorn and suspicion, 7 is but paid as an im-
8.
[CHAP. XXX., XXXI.
COLLOQUIAL SEBIES.
chin yuan, elegantly, to rescue.
not shrinking from (avoiding) scornful (depreciatory, hostile) suspicion.
or glue
the latter
is
commonly
called
(piao^, fish glue.
CHAPTER XXXI.
1.
LANG
And now
us return to Ts'ui
let
he was in
reality
HUAN
the son of other
1
parents, and had been adopted by the Ts'ui
He made no headway at all; his
family.
one characteristic was an insatiable curiosity.

How he came to get wind of our friends'
2
it
and
he went to the old lady and gave
her
the particulars.
3
2. Madame Ts'ui was astonished
beyond
"
measure at what he told her
No wonder,"
all
i3 wi
'
i.e.,
and did these
said
4
>
last
few days
I felt sure
must be some reason for it

and
call HUNG NIANG here
you go
that there
all;
this
minute."
impossible to say; but he did,
is
doings
off
said she, " that your sister and her maid have
been so mysterious 4 about everything they
3.
HUAN LANG went and
called
HUNG
NIANG, with whom, as it happened, YING

YING was sitting at work. 6 It made them
both
jump
to hear
Madame
but YING YING gave the
girl
Ts'ui's message,
a look of which
unbroken succession; hence, a line of succession; kuo chi, to cross over to a line of succession,
kuo chi erh-taii, to adopt a son ; t'a shih kuo chi ti, he is an adopted son.
;
to be adopted into another family

2
BH.
ffi
^H
Si 7$
Ht-i to discover corners
and chinks
Ung
-feng-'rh,
something that breaks the evenness
of respectable conduct ; peccadilloes.

3'
IS
<^'i 4 *
4
>
to be astonished
the original meaning of ch'a seems to be to boast or talk big
i,
different,
extraordinary.
45-
& & Ok
IK
any manual
35^>
mysterious
like
fsh to do needlework
calling.
demons and
huo
chi,
lit.,
elfs in their
movements and
plans for living,
i.e.,
actions.
for gaining a livelihood
tso
huo, to work at
PART
CHAP. XXXI.]
VI.
she perfectly understood the meaning, and

away she went with HUAN LANG to the old
young gentleman,
"
What
HUNG NIANG; "what do

by not telling me of the
"
5.
what
it is
don't
really
"
some days
as seen the graduate for

6.
more
made the
This reply
my hearing
ma'am,
about," answered
has not so much
your slave
old
past."
deny
all
it
HUAN LANG
as well?
lady
anything he says."
me
has told
10. The old lady looked very stern as

she said, "It was your doing and no one's
the child is telling nothing but the
else
about your goings back and forward by
if
night [and I know it's all your fault]
you hadn't acted as their go-between they
;
he saw u what happened with his

own eyes, and yet you have the audacity to
truth
would never have dared to do such things;

you have shown no regard for the good repute
and here
of the family,
consequence; who
it isn't
7.
you
said to
6-
?>
y&, i=p
turned towards
him
'ill
9-
I0
fyL
$1 nu
fg lai\
pei',
Jp.
vL
wives babble
your slave
(lit.,
aback,
ffi
10 3S 3c
15
HUNG NIANG
and
was never
Now,
chen, a period of time, generally a short interval; not as in
pei, properly pi*,
an unmarried slave
See Part V, Lesson
LIX, Note
1?f
3JC 52,, a proverb indicative of
?>
given to tittle-tattle;
lit.,
girl
n pei
is
'41
5-
181
IS
ti.
3.
See Part V, Lesson
a busybody or
XXIV, Note
officious person.
I.
Note
sa',
not son.
only [caring to] drag [from one place to another] old
tongues).
&W
Bjf tu
Part IV,
3
the feminine of hsiao
12.
(pp Dg tu' nang , to mutter: nang, or nung, to utter sounds the purport of which cannot be
not to be found in the dictionaries.
'3- }fl
taken
as soon as she heard this awful
is
to be
outburst of wrath, which she was absolutely
Vuei*, the chief offender, the head of the offence.
file.
to repudiate, to deny.
P M k'"
^ T US
" HE
Note
this time.
Dialogue IV, Note 63, a rank or
8.
HUAN
in a low voice, "
Now,
you, any more of this obstinacy will just

get you a beating."
11.
HUNG NIANG
denying the charge, eh?
tell
if
?"
LANG and
7-
persist in
a fine scandal in
is
the chief offender 9
is
is ?"
13
up a thing here and a thing there, and no
one ought to pay the slightest attention to
still
have been guilty

of conduct so immoral, have you the face to
8
are
know, ma'am," said HUNG

9. "You
NIANG, speaking louder, "that the ear isn't
to be trusted like the eye the child catches
"When you
furious:
12
to him
you muttering
"
isn't it on purpose
there," said the old lady;
to provoke me, this, when you know how bad
understand,
you are asking me
HUNG NIANG
"What
8.
CHANG'S
to the graduate
young lady's going

"
rooms ?
is
10
what you see

out with;
must
come
you
deal
and
it's all
a
too
chatter
much,
great
you
made up of such nonsense as one hears from
old women." u
I ask you,
you mean,
of those
in your dreams
6
doing all this time without my knowledge?"
she burst out, with a face full of wrath, as
soon as she saw
you just one
a nostril more than
people
natural to breathe through?
you two have been
this that
is
ain't
who have got
lady.
4.
403
tit, catches
up a thing here and there
lit.,
pulls east
made
out; tu
and hauls west.
to observe, to see.
ch'ilan* pirn, shifts or
expedients, specially of a
change, to modify.
temporary nature
ch'iian, here,
temporary
pien, to
404
TZtT
ERH
CHI.
16
powerless to avert or to stop the way of,
she knew that concealment was out of the
and with a propitiatory smile she
question,
at once replied
you what
true," said
Madame
Ts'ui,
"you may
if
tell
say,
and
any more
you
show you no mercy."
I'll
positively
"Well, I should say, ma'am," began

NIANG, still smiling, "that it is you who
have been to blame
kept?"
"Then
all
along:
in
must say
the
first
you took the young lady with you that

that
day
you went to have the service read
place,
this:
although
your slave
can answer for it that there was never any19
thing dishonourable about them your slave
their meetings
have been
private,
was always present, and
14.
HUNG
was kicking the plank away as

soon as you were across the stream, wasn't it?
who is to blame if your promise hasn't been
15.
you've got to say that's
be angry; but
sha'n't
fibs,
it is."
"Anything
13.
by the graduate CHANG, didn't you

change your mind and make him and the
young lady brother and sister instead? now,
perils
surely, that
"I have something to say, but it

mightn't be proper to speak so plain if your
ladyship won't be hard on me, I'll make bold
12.
to tell
[CHAP. xxxi.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
if
anything improper
has taken place, punish her, do, and welcome."
"
And, besides, it is good that people

should marry: one strand of silk don't make
a cord, as they say; nor one tree a forest;
1 6.
and in
this case there's a providence in
it,
When
now, wasn't that exposing her to the public

17
and didn't you bring down trouble
gaze?
and a natural
and
go out of your way to make them disgusted ?

it's as if
you couldn't tell red from blue or
that
for
invite misfortune,
SUN FEI-HU came
attractive looking
18
young lady she
when he brought
then,
carry her
off, it
was this way

know what an
it
to
is?
and
his people here
was you, ma'am, wasn't
it,
to
that
promised to marry the young lady to anyone

that would get us out of our difficulty. And
when we were
later,
16.
1 7-
H|
sai*, to
lift
Bjf
throw ; lu or
is
12
lou, as
all
delivered from our
affinity
combined.
are both so willing, ma'am,
they
should you
from white; and as to being angry

with me, surely there is still less sense in that.
black
One word
for all
if I
may make
so free, I
should say, while you keep one eye open, let

the other eye be shut (don't take too much
notice of what has happened)."
stop up, as a hole: sai-tzU, a cork; sai shang, to cork up; fang*, to ward
why
oil.
t'ou lu* (or lou) mien, of a woman, to exhibit herself to the world: p'ao, to cast, to
a verb, to become manifest, to allow to be seen.
Chinese woman showing herself unnecessarily
p'ao
said to throw her head [at the public], to disclose her countenance.
1
chih*,
piao chih,
!
9-
lit.,
good looks, attractiveness: piao, amongst other meanings, to exhibit; chih, delicate,
the expression generally refers to beauty of a refined and delicate sort.
;
exhibition of fineness
lieM chi
2
;
lit.,
discreditable traces.
fine;
PART
CHAP. XXXII.]
vi.
CHAPTER
After an interval of meditation, the
1.
HUNG NIANG
she sent off
as soon as she
2.
at once to call
mamma
did
want with you
"
done
asked YING YING, as soon as HUNG NIANG

came in with the message. " We may just as
no more about
well say
NIANG
lady knows
"my
been doing so
"
3.
YING
that
all
of
YING
How came she to know
"
?
asked YING
4.
Oh
is
said
dreadfully agitated;
"
?
she asked hur-
uttered, she dried her tears,
"Well,
is
at
"
;
mamma
all
you have
to
do
is
as she desires; she
to
11.
was
became quite cool 1
again,
i.
2i
ffi hsiao
^ $&
1
,
we i
it
was
all
very well for the old
impossible to make any arrangement;

that earlier engagement perplexed 7 her so
and now there
to
nothing whatever to be alarmed about."

7. YING YING stood up, and with fear
and trembling she worked
Now,
lady to comfort her daughter by talking in

this way, but as a fact she felt it to be next
but after I had talked to her a
first,
and taking leave
of her mother, returned to her work-room.
doesn't signify now, miss,"
it
be sure."
one to do then
go to your
angry
may
10. YING YING was delighted to see the

that
had been so overcast all clear again
sky
with a single sound of acquiescence hurriedly
it ?
HUNG NIANG
bit she
plan that will work, you
riedly.
6.
all
Don't cry, my child," said she " it

your mother's own fault; there now,
;
"
YING YING was
5.
for her that, instead of saying

any-
don't vex yourself any more let me try and

see what can be done * we shall hit on some
What
when she saw YING
in this predicament, she felt such love
9.
was
just think, miss, with HUAN LANG in the

house, it would be a pity if the thing didn't
"
it;
"
HUNG
said
NIANG, "there's but one way of keeping a

thing from people, and that is not to do it
get out, wouldn't
showed
that matter,"
for
face
thing harsh, she looked at her mildly and

pleasantly, and did her best to soothe her
in a great fright.
"
had been
Old Madame Ts'ui had a tender 3 heart,
and pity
quietly."
that
it.
and her
we have
injustice
her, she could not bring herself to speak
8.
HUNG
said
that,"
but
was by the
as she
What
where the old lady was
saw
her, without being able to

she
help herself,
hung down her head and
burst into tears the fact was that, taken up
YING YING.
"
XXXII.
at a time, over to
old lady seemed as if she had been wakened

up from a dream by what she had heard, and
405
that
herself along, a step
could take no
she
line
one way or
another.
to melt, to thaw, to disappear, to cause to disappear.

3
ch'ii
1
,
a wrong, an injustice
also, to
do an
injustice to
wei, here, to bear, to sustain
ch'ii,
crooked,
wrong, to wrong.
3-
4'
& ^>
5-
fflJ
tz'ti,*,
ill
chih*, as in Part
6.
7-
$5
g,.
?i
kind, as a mother to her offspring.
to reflect, to ponder: so, here, to search or look into.
Pu
chih, to
make arrangements,
V, Lesson XVII, Note
to put in place:
pu
is
identical with ^J), to distribute; chih? (not
14), to establish, to place, to arrange.
See Part III, 634.

c/t'ow
ch'u", perplexed, embarrassed,
undecided ; both characters have
much
the same meaning.
TZU ERH CHI.
40G
But
12.
ever,
for singular coincidences,
no novel could ever be written
how-
and the
very next day she received a letter from her

own brother, which on opening it she found,
!& BS tan"
8-
hsiian
warm
cold and
1
,
[CHAP. XXXII., XXXIII.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
hsiian, the
8
merely formal inquiries about health
and so on at the beginning, to be devoted to
after the
an account of her nephew
CHNG
HANG'S
finale.
warmth
The two
of the sun's rays.
characters in combination
are used to indicate the formal inquiries in a letter after the health of the person addressed.
CHAPTER XXXIII
The
had left the fellow

had been before he got it
was no way open to him he could no
r.
loss of his rice
as destitute as he
there
more go up
sky than he could find
to the
"
a door into the earth.
Emergency," says the

a man climb to the house-
"
proverb, will make

top, or a dog leap a wall;" and one day he
said to himself, " If I don't turn thief, I don't
see
how
am
to live."
Accordingly, the same night he went

out, sneaking stealthily along under the walls,
2.
?
The gang committed themselves one
and
day,
being carried, CH&NG H&NG and the
rest, before the magistrate, were found guilty
career
and sentenced, every one of them, to be

tattooed and banished to a penal settlement 2
;
they set out for their destination in charge

of an escort, 4 every convict in chains 3 but
;
CH&NG HANG'S
constitution was a feeble one,
and before they reached the second halting

5
place, his strength failed him and he died
from exhaustion.6
When
she had
and he had not gone a great distance before

he came upon a gang of men; they looked
at him, and although they saw that he was
Madame
not an acquaintance, they surmised that he
the fellow
was
remembered that he was none the
in the
same
made him one
line as themselves,
of the
and they
company; from
this
time forth, lying perdu 1 by day and stirring

at night, he did contrive to keep himself in
meat and drink. And how should he re-
member
that good luck will not last for ever
that in
life
no future
that of the scholar, the

artificer,
husbandman,
^C
tressed for a while;
to lie
perdu;
4- jfe
5-
'
Hi
to such grief, she
her
less
after a certain time, however,
was borne in upon her that in the midst

the other
part, the best of good fortune, so far as her

daughter's union with the graduate CHANG
was concerned; it was the very thing that

was required, and without loss of time she
sent to request the graduate's attendance.
undergo penal servitude in a penal settlement;
B?
Ua manacles comm only called

not recognised by the dictionaries.
'"'"' i a" 4 fetterS

'
the latter character
for,
to prostrate oneself.
lit.,
J}L rli'ung chiin*, to
^^
wi HA
help feeling dis-
of this misfortune there was, on
applied to the enforced military service of penal offenders in distant garrisons,

as the case may be.
19 fK
letter,
however worthless
who had come
own nephew;
it
perused the
Ts'ui could not
plays the thief will have a long
/',
2
the
or the merchant; that no one cer-
who
tainly
to be trusted save
is
3.
is
'
'
ffj
Ic'ao,
to serve as a soldier, but only
lit.,
who
are tattooed on the arms or face,
a fetter for the
feet,
commonly
called
ehuh*, to forward, to conduct, to transmit: chieh 3 , to loosen, as a girdle; to dissipate, as

melancholy.
chan*, here, a stage in a journey.
%M
fatigue, hardship.
5E
T.
died from the fatigue or exhaustion he had to

undergo:
t'o
1
,
lit.,
to drag
behind one;
lei,
PART
CHAP. XXXIV.]
VI.
407
CHAPTER XXXIV.
1.
The graduate was reading
in his
room;
conscience,
he was alarmed
lest
HUNG NIANG stepped forward

a hand to help CH'IN T'UNG to pack
5
the things,
up, folding and smoothing out
and laying them in the box but there was a
farewell visit.
to lend
the proceed-
ings of the last few. days should have been
bundle that evidently could not be got into

the box in her opinion it wanted tightening
brought to light.
He
hastened over to the old lady, and

as soon as they met and he had asked after
2.
her health, she began as follows

"
3.
so she told CH'IN T'UNG to press

make it a little more compact.
up
CHANG
true that I
corner
daughter, and the reason
T'UNG
my
6.
hsiang-kung, it is quite
did say some time ago that I
would give you
In the evening YING YING, attended

NIANG, came over to pay him a
5.
by HUNG
when he was told that Madame Ts'ui begged

him to come to her, he did not know what to
make of it; and, having likewise an unquiet
it
and
large vessel of wine stood in one
of the
room
HUNG NIANG
told CH'IN
pour out half of its contents ready

for drinking, and to put the other half into
the arrangement did not take place immediately was this, that in our house there
why
to
vessel, and to close its mouth well,

and pack it in the trunk.
7. Then she noticed a pair of new shoes
on the footstool by the bedside that CH'IN
a smaller
has never been a son-in-law before that was
no more than a simple graduate; they have

all been doctors of the Han-lin 2 at the
very
least;
T'UNG said were too small and might hurt
to the credit of our family."
when they were worn so she went to get

them stretched on the trees. 7 While she was
away YING YING asked the graduate if he
if
you were to succeed in getting a
Han-lin degree, well, it would add something
4.
my mother-in-law
"Since
so orders
it,"
"
wouldn't like some biscuits
her humble son-in-law

replied the graduate,
is of course bound to exert himself to
carry
out her wishes
of every kind here," said she,
2.
3-
U^
|$
ffi
TJi
PJ
?$> Unii possessing
han*, a pencil
jSH
Dialogue VI, 36)
6-
7fill
chuang*
m$n
forfe.ng, see
commonly
Js
Fit hsuan^-t'ou, boot-trees or lasts
up a space.
1
,
properly, a fetus; huai
t'ai,
to be with young.
chi' chiao^-'rh, a corner
called
<
$:
:
Yo-fu, a father-in-law
jjj.
tieh, see
Part III, 686
chiao, a corner, a point, an angle

;
chuang, strong, robust
(*
Part IV,
Part III, 878, 01 is.
folded and smoothed out (the things)
lp!f
5i
t'ai
add to the credit of the family
ftng,
hence, to strengthen
& I? M T>
after all
Han-lin, the Imperial College of Literature, or great Literary Academy of China.
$ yo^-mu, a mother-in-law
4-
5-
an unquiet conscience:
and
neither a village in one direction nor an inn

in the other."
he saluted her,
and she him, and they separated.

'
"
come
for the capital tosaid,
There are some
they will be better than nothing when you

to one of those places where there is
admits of no
the matter
delay, and I shall start

morrow morning." This
"
;
hsiian shang, to place
on
hsuan
commonly
allied <5C
A-
thu, see Part III, 825.
chi, properly,
trees
is,
a horn
also, single, solitary.
properly, anything put in to
TZtj
408
CHI.
he
tainly," said
"
;
was
it
and he put a few
to think of it;"
his luncheon-box.
long he would be absent.

11. "I shall return
into
one defer a thing that
9. The man now

brought
back; and CH'IN T'UNG, observing that the
box would have to be corded tighter, said
to HUNG NIANG, "Will you please help me
the shoes
we'll
make a
more
as
slip-knot,
it is
HUNG NIANG
tween them they made
it
quite safe
9-
I0
or ho-'rh, a
and the
parting,
ft
strike, as in
k'ou'-'rh, to tie
Part IV, Dialogue VI, Note 9, but
together; a knot in a single piece of cord,

1 '
fS
IDC
&
SS
e.g.,
a slip-knot
whether in
chi, see
life
Part V, Lesson
K'ou-'rh
to buckle, to loop, to knot.
a whip-lash,
was
it
as the poet says,
box with a cover, the two halves of which should,
li
huo
how sad
world's myriad sorrows there
sheng*, a rope or cord, large or small.

1 chi
on, the greater
they had to say
$6 ~f
fiS
went
and be-
CHANG apologised for giving her so

much trouble. And now, the things being all
-
one could wish
to
it would be to meet
part and how pleasant
11
over and over thouwords
the same
again;
sands of times, and yet they had not said all
graduate
so the two
about
part of the night,
untied more
lent a hand,
And
12.
tightly round, miss?
10
is all
moment the
"
how should
it?"
easily."
10.
the
examinations are over," said he
to bind this rope
YING YING asked the graduate how
packed,
kind of
really very
[CHAP. XXXIV., XXXV.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
The graduate thanked her; "Cer-
8.
you
ERH
is fco
pei', the sadness or mournfulness,
li,
to
(5
3)
see
is
"
Of the
none
is
like
or in death."
strictly speaking,
be the same
XXXIII, Note 7 Ic'ow, not to

a knot made by tying two ends
;
Part V, Lesson LXXIII, Note
5.
of separation, huan, the joy, ho, of union.
CHAPTER XXXV.
The moment the sun was up the
following morning CH'IN T'UNG and the rest,
with much confusion and bustle, shifted the
i.
baggage into the carts; the graduate got in,

and they set off. Three light chairs were in
r-
Madame Ts'ui's side of the house,

now came over with YING YING and
'tidiness <>n
and she
NIANG, and the three of them accompanied the graduate some miles on his way,
Ih;.\(j
came
until they
i.
!
2.
to a place
In', >lry
>
by the
river-side
land as opposed to water.
finish, to
bring to an end.
where there were vessels lying along the bank
got out of their respective conand

the old lady, addressing the
veyances,
"
Take good care of yourself on the
graduate,
here they
journey,
all
sir,"
said she,
"and may no harm
J
you by land or by water."
2
2. This
speech ended, she was for going
on board with YING YING to see him off,
befall
but as neither lady was sufficiently strong

on her legs to be able to walk alone, HUNG
PART
CHAP. XXXV.]
NIANG had
them
to hold
first
up,
VI.
one and
then the other, by the arm, and in this way

the mother and daughter contrived with some
difficulty to cross into the vessel
by the gang-
board.
Some of the vessels had anchors 4 down,

some were made fast by ropes 6 to the shore
the vessel the graduate chartered was a boat

with a large stern sweep" and three very tall
masts."
When
the party got on board they

found there was a tolerably large crew the
4.
steersman" was sitting abaft, 8 and a number

of trackers were squatting 10 forward.
5. The
graduate desired some of the
crew to help CH'IN T'UNG with the baggage;
one-half to be put in the cabin, 11 handy for use,
and the other
being things not constantly

12
into the hold.
half,
required, to be lowered
6.
while,
The two ladies remained seated a little

and then the graduate asked how soon
"
the vessel would start.
way
as soon as ever
sir,"
answered the
We
shall get
your things are
under
all right,
When YING
cry; "My lord
tit ch'an
4-
mao', an anchor
5-
ifii
/'Mi
$f|>
lu 3 , a long oar
4
,
to support.
;
See also Chapter

ch'i3
mao, to
wei'
kan
worked over the

a mast
J'
shao*, the stern of a ship or boat.
9-
?b
12.
3-
tun
care of myself in every way, you may be

sure; and I needn't impress on you, my
sister, that you too, living here at home, ought
to be equally careful of
8.
YING
your own health."
This said they parted, both in tears.

YING, and HUNG NIANG with her,
followed the old lady ashore, and
returned in their chairs.
they
On
kung, a steersman:
to,
reaching
the young lady and her maid went to their
room, after making the old lady comfortable
;
YING YING'S
there
tears
still
continued to
without ceasing, and she said, " Now that

he's gone I cannot help thinking of him it's
fall
such a length of time to be looking forward

to what is to be done?"
;
"
g.
first
XXVIII, Note
You must
HUNG NIANG
said
;
it will
be
all
not take on
"
;
everything
so,
is
right after a few days."
20.
the helm or rudder.
hold or cabin of a vessel.
hsi* (note the
US
"{3J>
change of sound), to lower with a rope attached.
sympathy, sympathetic: kuan, to
affect; ch'ieh, here,
miss,"
hard at
properly tsnn', to squat on the heels.
|ja ts'any', the
all
home
also called wei simply.
%f
to*
words of good counsel " Pray be at

ease about me," said he; "I shall take good
like
stern or over the quarter.
$[L
this
hawser.
8.
1*
expression of sympathetic
interest on her part the graduate replied with
To
raise anchor.
7-
1 1.
3'
Io
he must not be thinking too much of what

may be going on elsewhere."
ship's people.
YIXG heard this she began to

must take special care of himself when he
6-
gets to the capital," said she, "in his eating

and drinking, at all times and seasons; and
7.
3.
409
an intensive.
52
TZO ERH CHI.
410
[CHAP, xxxvi.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHAPTER XXXVI.
And
1.
here, leaving
YING YING
at home,
was a year long,

passing her days as if each
let us follow the graduate CHANG, who was
seated on the vessel gazing with CH'IN
TUNG
at the fine view along shore.

"
2.
When
shall
"We
shall
anchor
rather early to-night," they said; "there is

a whirlpool - in the stream some way on ahead,
and
as
out a
blowing very fresh, we must look
it's
Ts'ao Ch'iao
little;
through, and with the

it is
is
a good place to
mud up
very bad walking indeed
stop either,
you anchor?" asked the
graduate of the crew.
on such a storm 4 of wind and rain that though

6
I had an umbrella up, I was wet through and
and what
am
1 to
to one's instep
the rain doesn't
do
"
?
The graduate sprang out of bed, and

a single glance showed him that the cabin
was indeed well wet he himself was splashed 6
5.
all
however, he could
but to wait till the sun
over from head to foot
see nothing for
came
out,
it
and he was
in the act of spreading
YING'S clothes on
YING
when a host
the
to
anchor."
out
While they were speaking the vessel

arrived at Ts'ao Ch'iao, where a hawser was
'1
round a post 3 on the shore, and the
of people came up making

a prodigious uproar; the graduate was just
going to tell them that he would not have
3.
anchor was
let
go.
the graduate had
he turned
As evening drew
his dinner,
near,
and shortly
after
He was
day," said she, "that 1 couldn't get

as
fast as I wanted, and though I tried
along
hot
all
hard to catch you up, I didn't succeed then

when I was about half-way here, there came
;
'
tt
such a noise, when he woke up with a start

it was only one of those dreams of the Nan
Jla '''("i
With a loud
"
"
he got on
his feet, and stepping outside, he found that
it was broad daylight.
K'o 7 after
in.
not quite asleep, just beginning to be unconscious, when, all of a sudden,

he saw VINK YING coming in; "It was so
4.
dry,
grass
all.
ah
6. Two days later, as he was gazing at

the land for want of something better to do,
a range of high hills suddenly presented itself,
and the
trade;
ch'uan, to anchor, to conie to a stop.
vessel
here a
came alongside a busy place of

number of people, all talking
Note the tone of chan.
The expression
is
probably
peculiar to the North.

-
\K
fin
hiiian* wo', a whirlpool
the
first
word meaning the whirling of water, the second a nest or
lair of
birds, beasts, or reptiles.
chiumg', a post or stake driven into the ground.
%&
Jsl }><io', violent,
5-
$ san
6
7-
tee
~"
3-
JSJ$
jfa
3
,
an umbrella:
rhien*, to splash
$~&
See Part III, 529.
tempestuous.
nan
ta san, to
the rebound upwards of water falling on the ground, etc.
k'o 1 i
meng, a dream, the "baseless fabric of a vision;" for an explanation of this quotation,
MAYERS' "Chinese Reader's Manual,"

8-
J^
jjjj,
put an umbrella up.
a place of trade
also,
p. 159,
No.
513.
a wharf, a landing-place, a jetty.
The
origin of the term appears to be
unknown.
PART
CHAP. XXXVI.]
vi.
same timo, were carrying large cases on
at the
shore, which, to the graduate's eye, looked as
411
paper from him, and explained it

very carefully, sentence by sentence.
thanked him
and
they contained foreign wares that were contraband still, to judge from the covers of
farther conversation
the cases, they did not seem to have been
those
packed abroad, and this made him suspect

that the goods in them were no doubt
currency of China
he
smuggled from other provinces
"
as
he
said
to
It's
evident
himself,
sighed
face of the cash," said the graduate,
if
being
were
10.
for his trouble,
that
to
all
him
The man
some
after
he asked what characters
upon the copper
appear
?
"The Chinese
style of the reign

are seal characters,
characters on the one

"
are the
those on the other face
and these
do not under-
not confined to the foreigner,

our own people here in China are quite as
sure to engage in it 9 but in that case, when
stand very well myself."

11. As they talked on in this fashion of
we complain so of others,
"
to look at home ?
one thing or another, the man asked to have

another thing explained to him
that smuggling
is
7.
While
was
this
are
we not
in
his
forgetting
thoughts he
suddenly observed at a certain distance in

shore a number of singular looking people.
2.
"
said just now," said he,
They
there were t'u n hu here
"
of a t'u hu ?
1
As they came nearer the graduate heard

them talking, but he could not understand
what they said, and he asked CH'IN T'TJNG,
two words mean a

but in
common
"
meat
called a t'u hu."
What language
are
they speaking
are dressed exactly like circus riders."
they
10
board, made his bow to the graduate CHANG,

and inquired after his health in Chinese.
The graduate responded in due form, and the
"
I have learned to speak
other then went on,
your language a little, sir, but I regret to say

that I don't understand the written character
have a piece of writing here that I
going to ask you to tell me the meaning
at all
am
of, if
you will be so good."

g. The graduate hastened
9-
ffi
$T
7 %
10.
$fl
$$
,Bj
fr-j
>
are
'*'
ff
&
among
5J,
'a
12.
3
Jff t'u
|f[
^p
is
to
so,
is
that
the business
"Properly," said the graduate, "the
man who
kills pigs or sheep,
parlance anyone that
sells
The man thanked him for the information and took his leave, and a few minutes
he sent over a basket 12 of eggs as a
The graduate told CH'IN T'UNG to
present.
after
take out the eggs, to hand back the basket

to the bearer,
and
cash,
take the
and
tell
to give
him
him two hundred
to return with
his,
the
graduate's, thanks to the donor.

15.
The
vessel got
on,
messenger departed, and the

under way again, and they held
sailing
or
tracking
according
to
cir-
cumstances.
They were no great way from their

second port when there appeared another
1
6.
those which, cannot avoid [doing likewise].

4
y'ao TisieTi ma ti, circus riders; Asie/i, a fabulous animal of
mountebanks in a circus are said to be p'ao hsieh ma ti or p'ao ma hsieh,
yaw, the dress
the unicorn kind, supposed to be very fleet;

unicorn runners or riders.
ii-
13.
what
"
14.
"
They are foreigners," said CH'IN

and
while he and his master were still
T'UNG;
at
them, one of the party came on
gazing
8.
of,
fee context.
k'uang*, an open basket with a handle.
ERH
412
COLLOQUIAL SEHIES.
CHI.
"
batch of foreigners on the shore, with guns

on their shoulders, 13 as if they were going out
"
shouting.
What
graduate
are they after?" asked the

surprise of the ship's
"There are musk deer and

people.
"
kinds of deer " on the hills was the answer
all
'3-
}I
k'ang*, to
'4-
9t
'5-
iS $J
cany on the
1
'
3ff 00,
chang
an open
and there are a number
15
port,
of foreign firms here, and whenever they can

get away from their business the merchants
go up the
some
with
this is
[CHAP. XXXVI., XXXVII.
hills
to shoot;
there are large bears
other
and
10
and leopards
tigers
people say
woods up
in the
that
there,
too."
shoulder.
the
musk
deer; p'ao', the roe-buck; yth
In,
any and every kind of
deer.
term applied to the Treaty

~F> an open port, a port for commercial intercourse (t'ung shang); the
and
Chinese. The reader will
between
or
commerce
where there is t'ung, through
foreigners
direct,
ports of China,
of Treaty ports in the T'ang dynasty.

forgive the anachronism
1
16.
Jjfj
hailing
A bear.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
In the midst of this chat the skipper
"Look out sharp, here's a ram's
out,
sang
1.
ing in his master's mind, and he hit most

hap] lily upon the right thing to say to comfort
horn 1 upon us, if I don't mistake;" and in

a moment the water in the river was being
him " Don't let it distress you, sir," said he

"Heaven looks after the good man; in his
:
and round, and a regular

was
blowing, sure enough. The sails
cyclone
filled full with the wind, and the vessel was
round
whirled
as the saying
turned to good, and
travelled
2.
YING
is
spirit
is
1.
spiral
dead, that's what
come
5^
movement
2.
jfe
~f
after
it
by
cart several days, halting always
walls of the
street leading to the Ch'ien
me."
movement
hsiian*, just below,
is
Men, and thinkalso applied to the
of wind.
jfc
a euphemism for a conflagration, which
be
capital they heard a din of people's voices in

the streets there was a fire ~ in the great
its spiral
will
trouble
As they came within the
5.
YING
means; and her
JSL a whirlwind, so called from
bad fortune
at night, until they reached Peking.
again as usual, except the graduate CHANG,

wild sighed sadly to himself:
fear
if
but a few minutes, and as soon as it was

over, all hands were laughing and talking
is,
come across
him, he'll prosper all the same what does
a puff of wind like that signify ? And so no
more on this subject."
4. When the vessel came to its destination, master and servant disembarked and
there as they let everything fly to bring the

sails down;
fortunately, the squall lasted
This bodes no good,
case,
in great danger, she heeled over so; while

the crew were all rushing here and bawling
"
CH'IN T'UNG divined what was pass-
3.
is
too great a disaster to be spoken of directly.
PAET
CHAP. XXXVII.]
ing
vi.
likely that the inns in the outer city
it
by
door who was also a Hsi-lo man, and had in

fact been on the most intimate terms with
CHANG
the graduate
as soon as
my
until
remember
in this
speaker always
the old teacher
that
in
years gone
brother was a considerable scholar:
1
during the long interval that has separated

us from each other, he is no doubt still more
he well remembered
and
himself,
depreciating
observed, "I
and put up at a temple.

There was an old schoolmaster next
city proper,
their old friendship,
compliment, the
of
strain
quence, they looked out for a place in the

6.
The conversation continued
9.
in conse-
to receive strangers
might object
413
proficient
could he favour
me
with the sight

"
of a specimen of his composition ?

10. It did so happen that the verses
he learned
that the graduate was in Peking and residing

in the temple, of course he felt bound to pay
YING had
visit; so says he to his pupils, "I am

going to call on a friend, but I sha'n't be away
sent
HUNG NIANG
by
that
YING
time
him a
were lying on the
long,
observing a paper with writing upon it, without thinking much of the matter, took it up
and
you know your lessons
see that
thoroughly by the time I come back;

can't say them off, look out."
One
7.
of the pupils, a
if
you
little fellow,
who
but his eyesight was

not strong enough, the characters wore so
7
head
so said
fine, no bigger than a fly's
in his
him
"
won't you, please

the schoolmaster,
me
You'll let
"
"
said he.
"You may;
go
said,
he,
Which
CH'IN T'UNG having announced the

master, the graduate, as soon as
out ceasing
came forward
his
sir,"
"
"
Thanks
to
well in the
mansion of
3-
\$
4-
^^
hsi
5-
3C ~%
j5|
is it
nien, in years gone
by
at last his eyes
were so dazzled
open them, and the window had to be shut

again.
t'ao, here, to fidget, to play.
8.
to free, to let go, to unloose.
commonly
called ts'ang 1 ying
41 yinf,
,
of 3
4
your literary talent was raoo , flourishing, or highly developed, and/M ", abundant.
7-
shih
hand
them out
hsi, formerly, anciently, old.
tk
he read them over again and

them that he
"
?
them up nonchalantly
E is 2j>
was casual and not done with set purpose.
fly
equally
mischievous
my eyes
not be able to
with the glare of the sun that he could not
elder brother
3H, t'ao* ch'i, playful, skittish,
6-
that the act
my
"and
and
it is,
your well-doing,
said the old teacher;
I fear I shall
so pleased was he with

again
could not bring himself to let
and gave him a hearty welcome. " It's years

"
since we met," said he
is all
going on well
with you
rather dark,
visit to his
his old acquaintance,
dim that
is
he had finished them, his whole countenance

beamed with delight; he praised them with-
temple.
he saw
he and his pupil went round to the

8.
it
make this out may I be allowed to open the

window ? "
11. The graduate propped open the window for him he read the verses, and when
Well," said
3
"This room
are so
too, sir,
but mind I'm
not going to allow any skylarking."
to read
was a great pet of the schoolmaster's, wanted

to go with
hand "
table,
and the old teacher,
shou, short for i shen shou, a stretch out of the hand, implying
(^
41).
41
"
2.
CHI.
the old teacher took his leave
home now,"
YIXG YIXG," thought the graduate

"
I feel
quite ashamed at accept-
to himself.
the praise
am
but
going to changi the subject when the old

fellow began a rambling discourse the sum
lir
''<( 2 <'<,
I"'.
thrown, [hit] chi, the spring:
**
fll IB*
and
it's
all
swollen,
6.
This brought the teacher
down upon
"
12
rebuke administered, they went their way.
did not hit the mark, was beside the question;
Chapter VII, Note
12),
lit.,
[the talk] did not t'ou,
when
used figuratively of tendering, making to be seen,
and much more.
allegiance, enmity,
Ia
"
t'ou (see
pupil in
little
takes you anywhere another time you'll just

have to be left in the school-room." Which
n he had
begun
think the man never would go. At last
$C tH
they came
Who told you to go tearing

sharp
about this place as if you were mad"?" 13 said
he " you never can keep quiet when one
him
1
3. They sat on together ever so long, the
conversation never Hugging, until the gradu-
/r
was
relieved,
as
and hurts dreadfully."
civility.
9-
up rushed the
elbow," he bawled out,
10
to
great grief:
15. "I've been stung by a wasp on the
of a friend treating another friend with
to lose all patience
to-day
pupil's friends
wait upon you again some other
I shall
into the court,
9
graduate even less than his compliments;
forced out a few words in reply because
gan
my
The graduate, much

accompanying him out, but
he could not help himself, but only such as

In-longed to the part he was performing, that
is,
one of
must go
am wanted
14.
could
do was to give up all else and become a

Talk of this kind suited
priest of Buddha.
tin-
"I
"
;
time."
man
said he
at the house of
receiving;" he was just
of which was that the best thing a
[CHAP, xxxvu.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
Seeing that the credit of the verses
Ik-longs to
inu
ERH
TZtj
W $} *
H!
DJj-
kindness to his friend and that was
Construe thus: meeting an occasion to indulge in the amusement, he

all.
Feng, to meet; ch'ang*, properly an arena, the place where various
4
hence, the doing of those things, the occasion of their being done ; Asi , properly, to perform a play ;
:
1
tto h*i, to do anything that amuses;
t'ing hsi, to go to the play; JJ |
f, a theatre; for ying ch'ou, see Part IV,
I
>r
done
Dialogue X, Note
n.
12
chi
8S
Obs.
I,
(soo
man
4.
4
,
impetuous, impatient: tsao, hasty, to hurry.
Note man', not mai 2 as
yuan, to grumble, to reproach, to rebuke mildly.
m LX XV, Note;.
1
3-
$1 Ri
finy* p'ao, running about like a lunatic
feng-tzil, a lunatic
feng
liao,
has gone mad, or
is
in
Part
mad.
CHAP. XXXVIII.]
PART
vi.
CHAPTER
415
XXXVIII.
1. When
they had got some distance
from the gate, CH'IN TUNG asked his master
who the old man of letters l was? " Ah," said
4. The streets were as

busy as they
could be with buyers and sellers moving in
all directions
of the latter there were vendors
the graduate with a sigh, " that gentleman is

a fellow-townsman of mine, a good deal my
of thread, inviting custom by shaking their

6
itinerant packmen, sounding their
bells;
he was reputed
old now, and
he has run down 2 sadly just like every other

created thing, as time goes on 3 nothing
drums; men with articles in baskets slung

under their arms 7 dealers of every sort and
kind.
The graduate walked on to a place
where two streets crossed each other, and here
escapes."
the sight of some druggists' shops reminding
senior; in his earlier years
man
of promise, but he
is
"
2.
Run
temptuously,
no more
him
down," said CH'IN T'UNG con"
that he
is
indeed
and asked
if
they had any cli'n<j-xli<ni !
the people in the shop said they had not
then he tried another shop, and then another
why, there's
than in
relish in that talk of his
beancurd made out of plain water."

3. The lad would soon have been pulled
5
4
up for his unmannerly speech on any or-
but there was none to be had
i.
Note
2,
2
to
'
Ijl
Obs.
3),
WZ iS
it
a useless
and without going
and
after
lot,
and went back
to his temple to
rest himself.
off to take a turn.
man
hsio chiu, a
of letters
one
who
chiu, investigates,
searches into (see Part IV, Dialogue
X,
objects of study.
shuai*
mat 4 run down, played out:

,
go beyond [the time of vigour], to lapse into

3
wasting ever so much time in inquiring here

and there, he cursed them in his heart for
dinary occasion, but at the present moment

the graduate was so full of sad thoughts that
he paid no attention to
in-doors again, he went
of his old complaint, he stepped into one
fl
HI
hsiin'
3f
I"?
huan 2
shuai, decayed,
worn out
(see
Part III, 600); mai, to wax old,
senility.
to revolve in an orb, the revolution of time: hsiin, to revolve; huan, to encircle, to
go
round.
4-
grass
hence,
56-
}
,
unmannerly, boorish:
B& ~T> would have come
p 5E y ao
!p
properly, barren land impregnated with nitre;
f^ (tang
).
in for a reprimand.
Ung'-'rh, shaking bells:
mang, jungle, thick
ling,
See Part IV, Dialogue III, 56.
a small bell; here, specially of one of those small
pi
which the pedlar sounds by turning his wrist a small bell is commonly
The drum mentioned below is also sounded by a turn of the wrist, and is used by ven<l<
brass with knotted cords attached to

called
lu,
synonymous of uncultivated manners.
M -t
$&
mang
it
miscellaneous articles.
II ~J" k'uai* Ian', to pass the arm through the loop or handle of a basket,
kind
of basket than g[ -f, though the dictionaries state the opposite.
to a smaller
7-
ill
etc.
Ian
is
commonly applied
[CHAP, xxxix.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
TZU fiRH CHI.
416
CHAPTER XXXIX.
A;M!
1.
now
us see what
let
was about at home
"
YlNO Yixu
"
one day, having desired
soothingly
have been so many days without seeing
face; this strain at the heartstrings
And
hard to bear."
and
is
of a tree,
his
with an additional
"
3.
And my
Peking there
in
be home again."
YING YING, " I can sympathise with her; when the hare dies the
fox mourns
every creature feels for its
.g
"
7.
even the
went
tire
in her
webs 3
spiders
from the eaves of the
;
9.
VIM; gave orders
Yixc;
but she
still
and
were covered with dust. 4
floors
it
'
T 5 SS
moon
Si H;
$P
4-
ft
is
3Jt
3L
JJJc
i
^
U3
YING
sorrowfully
was dark, when
to
own room
their
together until
suddenly occurred to
talking
it
write a letter to the graduate.
better than
HUNG NIANG
brought her a pencil and the ink-stone; but

f
'<'1
'"?
fo'i
the names given to the tenth and two last
fang
yen'-'rh, the eaves of
chih' chu' wang, a spider's
ch'rn* fit, dust: ch'en
is
a house
yen, the edge of the jj
web; a spider
is
moons of the year respectively; the
which are held in that month.
also allied
tyfc
]j{, roof.
^C-
not used alone colloquially.
'
rliiniyfii, a lni
ffc ffi
are w..undr.l in
There, there," said
They returned
sat
so called in consequence of the

sacrifices, termed la,
52,
"
YING YING that she could not do
have them swept,

stood there ever so long, musing
to
and melancholy.
twelfth
trouble."
"
no more about that
YING, rebuking her,
let bygones be bygones."
and looking through the window she

saw that the
HUNG
continued
indeed,"
all this
their
Yes,
NIANG, "and to think that this journey of

the graduate's was all owing to the chatter
of that child
it's he that was the cause of
mind she
had hung
"
8.
take a look at the graduate's old

quarters, HUNG NIANG accompanying her
the doors and windows were closed within,
bare and desolate
he'll
said
to
the rooms were
Ah !"
kind."
gives no heat?"
With these thoughts
4.
thought she,
who knows how he is

inclement weather, when
through this
when
uncertain
wadded coat she could not
sweetheart,"
it,
woman weeping
been told that her husband 5 has lately gone

away about some business or other, and it's
last
paused to look at
"
keep herself warm.

"
as she
1
quarter of the year,
and so cold thai Yix<; YING found that even
was the
to her
in our staying
hard by " Who is that ?

asked she. " It's
our neighbour," said HUNG NIANG " I have
so she went on sighing
sighing, clay after day, without intermis-
It
and
she heard the sound of a
indeed
sion.
2.
no use
is
6. YING YING was just turning to go

when she observed a bird light on the branch
she peiveived that her complexion was grow"

this is because
Ali." sighed she,
ing sallow
I
there
in this lonesome place."
NIANC; to bring her the looking-glass,
IIr.\>.
HUNG NIANG
Let us go," said
5.
fcl-
fj*
,,y,
tin- In-art
for, rh'i,
an elder or senior
Sf. when the
('it
4
,
(gee
Chapter
XXXIV, Note
hare, dies the hu*, fox,
their, lei*, kind, species.
A hare
is
is
commonly
mournful;
called
If
4).
wn\
created beings, shang,
Jg; a fox, M>
(li
).
CHAP. XXXIX.]
PART
vi.
perceiving that the point of the pencil was

worn, she got a new pencil instead.
10. "And now, don't
you think, miss,"
said she, " that instead of
sending the letter
by itself, it would be better to put
some
up
pretty present along with it ?"

11.
"Very good," said YING YING; "I
think that I should like to send a set 7
of
buttons."
12.
"Well, miss,
if I
may
be allowed to
speak," said HUNG NIANG, "I should

say
that red silk handkerchief 8
you have there
would be better than the
buttons; don't you
"
think so ?
in
No;
13-
made up
YING YING'S
in pairs
opinion, presents
would be better
still;
she
would send u both the

things.
14. Saying which, she
spread out her
paper and took up her pencil to write. HUNG
NIANG was leaning upon the
table, looking
on; the table shook, and her mistress attri-
buting
its
unsteadiness
to
her,
called out,
"Don't jog so; put

something under the leg
7-
glj
of the table
directly, to keep
"^
*"*"* *" *"
*""
9
it
This
steady."
she was just about to recommence
one of those moths that will
about
effected,
when 10
fly
a light 11
flopped into the lamp and put
out; the lamp had to be lit
and
much
caused so
?,
I tt
at night.
'2-
all
with
lit.,
go to Peking
if, commonly, a private
"
S-
^
& 13
xv
Les
of
ot
seal, as
chi', to send.
volelf addressed
7d
yourself,
t
to
as fast as
it
could
15. It so happened that the letter arrived

on the day before the
graduate went in to
the examinations;
15
it and
having opened
read it from
to
he
looked at
end,
beginning
the presents, and
though the handkerchief
seemed a
little
faded,
the kind motive
still
had prompted the

person so dear to
him to send it made it none the less
precious,
and he put it away in his trunk with more
that
than ordinary
P cket; a
care. 16
handkerchief
^ "* **
(m
Part V, Lesson
is
commonly
"**
XLV, Note
opposed to yin", an
all
called shou
to
2).
moths that a
official seal.
6Stablishment' a committee a
manufactory, a depot, an office;
it
>
open:
ch'ai, to
open by the application of
has other
force.
as a
t
it
the faster the better.
See Chapter
VIII, Note 17.
<*'ot' i'ot, to
it
who was
the
^ "^ **'' ^
meanings bfsifs
14-
knocking-lamp moth; applied indiscriminately to

The reader must excuse the introduction of
moths in mid-winter.
Then
despatched
to tell the
to the post office, 13
it
people there to forward 14
of a sudden :
Ung, in the sense of a shock
ft, a moth;
was some time
was put up in a cover with the

presents,
and this being sealed, 12 a man was
"**
ft
it
before the letter could be finished.
the lattr
fi
delay that
it
this
again,
here, a set or suit.
* ***' "
417
P recious J ewel
Part V,
a person
starting on a journey.
53
418
TZtT
ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHAPTER
now, unfortunately, we have used
the
detached
phrases in the original
up
rh Chi;" no slight
edition of the "Tza
And
1.
all
addition
been made to these in
has
the
l
composition of this narrative, but it is out
of our power to prolong "The Story of the
"
Promise that was kept any farther.
There
no need & to
how
the graduate went in for his examinations the day

2.
is
tell
he got the letter; how, when he came

he was congratulated upon the high
after
out,
how
degree he had taken

conferred * upon him
[CHAP. XL.]
XL.
and silk tapestry, and the noise of
drums and other instruments, never was
lanterns
the
anything so gay; how the graduate CHANG,

with his official cap on his head and his
girdle round his waist, and YING YING with
him, paid their homage to Heaven and Earth
how they pledged
and
friends
relatives in the
and how, when the company

broke up, they, the husband and wife, went
wedding cup
into their bridal chamber. 7

3.
Relation
of all
this
would be
like
office was quickly

how, starting for his
home in official costume,3 he returned by way
of the Fu-chiu SsQ; how YING YING'S face
the perfect harmony of their wedded life,

the happiness of the entire family, or the
lit up with delight when she saw how well

he was looking; how Madame Ts'ui, equally
pleased, received her son-in-law most hand-
These were a matter of course, and details of

the kind will not fail to be understood by the
somely
4
;
how she made
preparations
for the
laying flowers over embroidery; utter superNor is reference necessary either to

fluity.
them
prosperity that attended
reader,
in all things.
though not noted by the pen.
happy event; and how, what with hanging

1 chium*, to compose or compile, as a literary work.
I-
Note
shou, to bestow, to confer, to give.
3-
^C
Jrjj
4-
n& $F
chin 3 , embroidery or brocade

fc'uan 3
t<ri
4
,
to wear, or dressed in (note the tone), chin, fine clothes.
to treat courteously or
handsomely: k'uan, here, true,
sincere.
See also Chapter
XXVI,
10.
5-
6-
^ H>
?a
to
make
1
ffl hsiian
preparations, to arrange
t'ien',
chang, to spread,
lo,
the net
(see
Chapter
I,
Note
17).
a noise or din; applied only to the noise of musical instruments:

hsiian, noise, clamour;
f ten, the sound of drums.

7-
tl|
fifc
*% j$,
tung'-fang, the bridal chamber: tung, a cave, a deep recess.
not necessary: hriao', here in the sense of to

need, to require
(see,
also Chapter
XXXII, Note
i).
PART
VII.
THE TONE EXERCISES.
TZO ERH CHI.
420
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
PART
VII.
THE TONE EXERCISES.
THE
following Part, as described
by
its
Chinese
title
(jjfc
the tone system
$5 llj zp J\ $g), is pien, a

the smooth and the deflected
*}j
(lit.,
compilation, lien 7tsi, for practice in, p'ing tse,
of Shun-tien Fu, classically distinguished as
in
the
in
department
metropolitan
tones),
vogue
286 and 287 of Volume I (Chinese text) repeat, in the
Yen Shan. It will be seen that
pages
same
order, but, for practice sake, without the orthography, the table of characters given
on
the sounds of the dialect. Let these be

pages 10-17 of Part I of that volume, as representing
In the succeeding pages of Part VII
characters.
Index
Sound
for
the
moment,
denominated,
each one by a Sound Index
in
headed
a
text
columns
be
found
Chinese
of Volume I will
it a note of its meaning in Chinese; below this note, a
some occupied by characters, some blank, which represent the Tone Classes,
or changes of tone to which each Syllabic Sound is liable, and may therefore be called the
Tone Scale; and below the Tone Scale, a corresponding series of short exercises in the tones.
character, having immediately below

series of four places,
The Sound Indices

student be at
any
are ranged from left to right in their original numerical order, but
if
the
guided by the numbers placed above
time at fault, his search will be farther
each character, which refer him to the Sound Table in Part
I.
The note explaining the sense of the Sound Index is composed in accordance with a
Chinese method of illustration Avhich cannot be too soon taken into account I have enlarged
;
upon
importance in the Preface.
its
And now as
common to
regards the Tone Scale

tztt, written words, in
represented by the Sound Index is

Tone Scale exhibits four characters, of which the
the tones
so on.
Sound Index
is
where the yin, sound,

all
the four tones, the
one, placed in the order of
the shang-p'ing taking the upper place in the series, the hsia-p'ing, the second,
Where no
marked by a
and
be found under a particular tone, the interruption of the series is

If the student listen carefully to the teacher
reading the Tone Scale of
tzti is to
circle.
one syllable after another, he will not be long, unless his ear is unusually defective, in
catching
the chime of the tones, and this once caught, he will soon habituate himself to determine the
tone of any
tzti
that he
may
hear pronounced for the
first
time.
The short exercises which follow the Tone Scale are composed of the words given in the
combined
each with one or more such words as they most
scale,
The
ordinarily accompany.
text of these is repeated in the following
with
and
tone
and
a
careful
marks,
pages,
orthography
translation.
As the combination given in the explanatory Chinese note
appended to each
S.>nnd Index in Volume I is itself always one of the exercises, its
meaning must be looked
for
amongst the translations of
these.
PART
VII.
THE TONE EXERCISES.
421
anything more should be said as to the manner of using

these exercises or upon their utility.
Different ears are differently accommodated, and it will
to
some
that
the
law
and
appear
practice of the tones is more satisfactorily understood from
It is scarcely requisite that
the study of examples of greater length, and unrestricted by the regular sequence here observed.
Nothing can be simpler in such a case than to convert any number of short sentences out of
Parts III or
the
IV
into tone exercises, with the aid of a native speaker.
Without the assistance of
a pure impossibility.
The Tone Scale has been made to include the entire Sound Table within
latter, acquisition of the tones
is
its limits, for
the
express purpose of enabling the student to test for himself the influence of tone upon the
From the notes in the order of the finals appended to these
independent syllabic sound.
observations, he will perceive that this modification
is
often such as almost,
if
not
fully, to justify
us in representing the syllabic change effected by the tone as a distinct syllabic sound; but
that our alphabet is hardly equal to the emergency, this distinction would have been attempted
It remains to direct attention to certain departures from the rule
the
Tone
to which the syllabic sound is subject when it is not independent,
Scale,
prescribed by
but connected with other sounds, whether as part of dissyllable or of a longer combination.
in the Peking Syllabary.
To take the
first
The student will recall the few words said about Rhythm in page
him turn to the Chinese text of Part V (Volume I, page 229),
enunciate rapidly the words fou i tsv^-'rh-yao-chin-ti shih-ch'ing, the
last first.
9 of Part I, Volume
and get his teacher
I.
and foremost of
to
Now
let
essentials, at the foot of the first
'rh-ti hsiang-t'an, particular dialect, in
column, or the words ko-ch'u-'rh-ko-ch'uHe will see, if he watch the speaker's
the second column.
voice carefully, that, even though he may be unable to declare that this or that syllable has quite
passed to a new place in the Tone Scale, the syllables first uttered are not uttered with the full
tone belonging to them as independent syllables. This need not alarm him. Tone is to the
much what
quantity is to the individual syllable in Latin. As we

shall presently see, its primitive or natural conditions are so affected by position that change of
position will hi some cases produce entire change of tone. But, rhythmically, in long combinations
Chinese monosyllable pretty
have instanced, and especially in attributive and adverbial constructions, there is a

modulation of the voice that is not to be defined by the Tone Scale, and which nothing but
such as
It is
practice can teach just as rules of prosody will carry us only a certain length in Latin.
such
as
that
words
should
have
ConstantinSpSlUanus, m^mSrabUW,, v&gabund'tis
impossible
;
been articulated without a rhythmical emphasis more or less at variance with the apparent
prescriptions of prosody. The prosody of our own vowels is the sport of circumstances still, the
fluctuation in the value of the vowels in analysis and analytical, meteorology and meteorological,
;
is
somewhat analogous
to that
which we are here considering.
In the matter of just accentuation, therefore, the memory will be greatly relieved if the
language be treated, whenever construction will admit of it, as polysyllabic. The individual
syllabic
sound should be
quantity, and that
ticketed, so to speak,
by
its
tone, as the syllable in a Latin
word
is
may not be forgotten, the Syllabary should be frequently consulted ;

by
but in speaking, the student may safely endeavour to reproduce any sound that forms part of
a more than dissyllabic combination, rather with reference to correct rhythmical emphasis of the
its
it
whole polysyllable than to
strict
accordance with the tone-quantity of
its
component
parts.
422
ERH
TZtr
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
in some cases involves a change of

change of meaning in the tzft-, monosyllabic word,
In dissyllabic
the y!n. syllabic sound; in some, the yin is retained but the tone changes.
as
to
the
same tone
combined
words
where
the
two
combinations,
belong,
independent syllables,
the tone of the
class,
first
or second
is
some cases
disturbed, in
some
slightly, in
much
so
as to
The following
word to a tone class not properly its own.
combinations read aloud will show to what extent the tone in different places of the scale will
authorise the relegation of the
be affected under the conditions adverted to
lit
|f
west of the hills (the P ro '

vince so named).
Khan 1 hsi 1
hsi
[lj
^H
8/wm
the western
taw^ cA'at
chu
to be
3
^L jg tsao
3.
hills.
employed
gfc $fc
'
ch'ien
closes
is
south of the lake (the province so named).
a public
2
money
cMn
me much more
more remarkable
ma3
if
4-
office.
in general.
yueh
jih*
mu
shu
f^ swcm
ffi
jg
chu.
in hsi
shan
to rise
Under the 2nd
a small
|fij
cAi/i,
C/ti
face.
horse,
is
small.
days and moons.
a number.
4
to reckon,
hsiang
ambition.
second syllable in Shan-hsi, but

on the second syllable of tang ch'ai, and
tone, the abruptness with
apparent hi the last syllable than hi the
teachers will not admit in either case that the tone
there
ma
wash the
the horse
on hsi than on shan
on the second in
is
to
3
ist tone, I consider the voice to fall in the
to fall
to
early in the morning;,
pearls.
yd? men-
to be lower
hsi lien
J^ hsiao
>J
officially.
the southern lake.
Under the
ch'i3
nan "
the
first
syllable
is
is
which the
Under the
3rd, the change

not quite, to the 2nd tone still,
If you make a native repeat hsiao 3
modified.
if
changed nearly,
a manifest limitation proper to particular vowels.

ma? hsiao3 a certain number of times, you will perceive that the voice rises and
is
bushels of
five
tsao 3 ch'i 3
Jisi
lien3 ,
of tsao, but lien
is
falls
as
ma hsido. Where three words are joined, as in wu tov?

the only one which is sounded with a full 3rd tone; in
to wash the face in the morning, the tone of ch'i certainly differs from that
3
the words were accented hsido md,
mi3
syllable
But the native
first.
rice,
the last
is
the only word of the four that preserves the full 3rd tone.
tone, the voice descends in the second syllable, but not so

Different examples will show that this inflexion,
again, is
with others; but double the
wan*
hi suan-chi,
Under the 4th
pronouncedly as under the 3rd tone.
more evident with some vowels than
and you
will still find the
second suan in
suan-suan, to reckon, lower in key than the
first, although the difference detected does not

transfer the syllable to any other of the four tones in the scale; and it is
only of these four
that a native speaker conceives our dialect
capable.
The words tzu, erh, appended to nouns, ti, following both nouns and verbs, and lian,
corrupted to la and lo, also after verbs, but more frequently at the end of a sentence, cannot
be allowed, while in this enclitic relation to other words, to
belong to any class in the Tone
Scale; but when not enclitics, they reassert then- rights, as in tzti? sun1
erh* ma-\
,
stallion;
becomes
cfto
ti
4
.
ch'io
4
,
4
3
positively; liao shih
to finish
an
affair.
posterity;
The word
c/to
when
enclitic
PART
VII.
THE TONE EXERCISES.
423
NOTES ON THE TONE RULES AFFECTING THE FINALS.

Under the
a.
a
Under the 2nd, the
ist tone, the shang-p'ing, the
mast, very slowly pronounced.
Under the
artful, architect.
3rd, the shang, the a,
sounded somewhat as in ant, yarn,

hsia-p'ing, shorter and sharper, as in
is
commencing
as under the shang-p'ing,
the vowels in the words aAa p&p&, with the

gradually descends and then suddenly rises
italicised consonants dropped, give some idea of the effect of this tone on the terminal a.
Under the 4th tone, the ch'il, the vowel sound begins on a higher key than under the shangp'ing, and descends immediately, not protracted, but diminuendo ; as it were, A-A-A.
!
Under the
ai.
latter if
ist tone, the
two vowels in ai are pronounced in nearly equal time; the
anything quicker than the other.
Under the 2nd, the
i prevails, as
when a speaker
on a that the voice descends, and

ejaculates ay ? implying surprise
on i that it remounts the vowel sound produced somewhat resembling that in careen. In the
4th tone, the voice dwells on the a the latter part of the diphthong being, if I may use the
and doubt.
In the 3rd,
it is
expression, enclitic
as
it
though
The remarks on a
an.
the inflexion of the vowel
were written da-y.
are generally applicable to this final, except that in the
more apparent,
is
if
indeed the vowel
2nd tone
does not become a
itself
diphthong.
the a and o are uttered in the ist tone, as in ai, with a slight degree
more prolongation of the a than of the o. Under the 2nd tone, ao is almost du, or doo indeed,
in the words ao or ngao, it is nearly ou in loud.
Under the 3rd tone, as the voice rises on
In this
ao.
final
that vowel becomes nearly au, aw, in caul, brawl.

again the longer utterance, the o figuring but enclitically, as
the
o,
The only
eh.
be written
ieh,
syllable in
which
this final is
found
Under the 4th

8.
it were aa
.
is yeh.
tone, the
a claims
In the
ist tone, it
might
evenly distributed over both parts

an undoubted consonant, and the syllable, simply
and, as in the case of ai, ao, the voice
is
of the diphthong; but in the 2nd, the y is

ye in yet. In the 3rd, there is the double vowel sound noticed before,
commencing
as
though
the sound to be uttered were yea, but rising suddenly to the sound of the e in yet. In the
It might be otherwise expressed by
4th tone, the sound is a prolonged declining yea.
Y-E-E-E.
e or
o.
It is
under the 2nd tone that the
nearer the vowel sound of learn,

of the vowel sound
en.
upper
apparent
The vowel
as
if le,
3rd and 4th tones. Try to intone the word

and
and
then drop the consonants the u-e remaining
4th tones,
key
of
vowel
idea
the
sound required.
in the
give a fair
is
approaches the o in lot, top. In the rest, it is

In the 3rd and 4th tones, the reduplication
for instance, were written lee, le-e-e.
e
sir, earth, terse.
is
reduplicated in the
of the 3rd
There is properly no shang-p'ing tone in this sound, but, as will be seen in many
vowel sound of erh, when placed in enclitic relation to a word preceding it, is
the
instances,
or less in the vowel sound of that word.
more
The tone is also modified. It was
absorbed
erh.
TZ& ERH CHI.
424
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
in preference to any other tone,

by the compiler of the Syllabary a shang-p'ing,
new
its
with
sound, did not belong to any
although he allowed that in strictness the erh,
called
one of the four

itself
classes.
but also of the word
my
The independent sound
modifies the tone not only of the eVA
opinion, the fusion

to which it is attached.
In
i is frequently also yi,
in the other
but the y is not so apparent, if it

The student must beware of
tones.
in the shang-p'ing as
The vowel preserves its length, the difference
the
i of the fism-p'ing into ih.
shortening
between its sound in the ist and 2nd tones being faintly represented by that in cheer and
In the 3rd, the i is inflected, rising as if ee-ih ; in the 4th, as if ee .e. e.
appear at
all,
peep.
In the ist tone, the i
ia.
the a
is
chia*, is
rather
i in
though not so prominent as the a. In the 2nd,

In the 3rd, chia? sounds cheeah ; in the
almost cheyaa.
The remarks on ia apply equally
iang.
the
more
is distinct,
prominent, chia? sounding chya.
the
consonantal
ist,
3rd,
and 4th tones
is
often
iang ; but in the syllables liang, niang,

nearer ey. In the 2nd tone, it is almost y
to
much
lyang*, nyang*.
The remarks on ao, ia, and iang apply to the effect of tone on this final. In
the ist, 3rd, and 4th tones, especially in the syllables liao, niao, the i becomes almost ey, in
the 2nd, it is y, the ao becoming a sound between aoo and ow.
iao.
As
ieh.
and the second are articulated distinctly

In the 2nd tone, the i becomes y, and in the
hi ia, in the ist tone, the first vowel
one from the other, and with nearly equal stress.

ch'iyeh, ch'yeh,
3rd and 4th, nearly ey. Thus, the changes in ch'ieh might be expressed thus
seems
2nd
all
the
in
In
tone, usage
very capricious
lieh, mieh, nieh,
except
ch'eye'h, ch'fyeh.
the same native sounding i at one time as ee, and at another as ey.
:
The remarks regarding the vowel
ien.
is
nearly as uncertain as the
an
i in ieh
apply equally to the i hi ien.
becoming an under
in uan, frequently
The en
more
the 3rd, and yet
frequently under the 4th, tone.
The
ih.
represented by
difference between
the i in the
ist
and that in the 2nd tone
is
faintly
same vowels in children and chip. In the other two it is

beginning like the ee in cheek, and rising suddenly to the i in ill;
that between the
inflected as La a,
e,
etc.;
then descending gradually in the 4th. Drop the consonants in the word limit, and prolong
the utterance of the latter vowel, to form some idea of the sound of the final ih*.
in.
ist
and
As
and 2nd
hi
ill.
tones,
Take the vowel sound
in thin, thick as approaching those under the
and unite the vowel sounds in the
first
two syllables of initial
for the 3rd,
of incident for the 4th, tone.

io.
after
n,
When
more
preceded by hs and
rarely.
Under the 3rd
I,
Peking as often ilo or ueh as io;

pronounced li-6; under the 4th, nio is
this final is in
tone, lio is
rather ny6-6-6.
iu.
In the
and even, as
ist tone, the
in ai, ao, ia.
two sounds
ee
and
In the 2nd, the iu
is
oo, of
which iu
is
compounded, are
distinct
nearly yew, but shorter, as though written
PART
THE TONE EXERCISES.
VII.
425
In the 3rd, the voice descends on the ee, to rise sharply on the ooh; and in the 4th,
ee, and breaks off on the oo in a lower key.
yewli.
dwells on the
only found in the ist and and tones. The vowel i is not so
2
almost
distinct as in ia, ieh: in the ist tone and in the 2nd, i is nearly y; read hsiung
is
in
to
6
in
in
but
oo
the
2nd
and
sound
inclines
home
the
The
u
or
oo
tone,
ist,
syung.
final
were
a
or
a
French
nasal.
Jc,
nearly
g
pronounced short, as if the
This syllable
iung.
is
In the ist tone, the o
o.
nearly as in roll; in the 2nd,
is
slight reduplication of the vowel sound following, somewhat as

tone, a second vowel is also perceptible, but rather resembling d.
it is
if it
shorter, as in shot,
were o6h.
In the 3rd
In the 4th, the change of
very slightly felt, the dominant sound being o, which is prolonged diminuendo. In
the single o, or ngo, the nasal pronunciation of it, much as it modifies the vowel sound, does
vowel
is
not affect the tone.
In the
ou.
ist tone,
ou
is
much
as in
round; in the 2nd, shortened,

were owoo or owuh. This is more clear
with a certain inflexion, as though it

3
4th tones, which might be expressed ou-do
as in lout, but
in the 3rd
and
oti-oo*.
ist tone, the u as in the French purete ; in the second, as in the French
In the 3rd and 4th, the reduplication and inflexion of the vowel noticed hi a, i,
4
s
- -u.
perceptible, as though u were u-uh, and ti u u
In the
ii.
tat, salut.
is
This presents the same difficulties as ien, so far as the vowel a is concerned.
ist tone, pronounced sometimes broad, as in the syllables ending in an, is
flattened sometimes to the a in mat, and sometimes modified so as to be nearly the e in
iian.
The a
of the
uen is the orthography of MORRISON and others. The native who was my guide, whatever might be his pronunciation under the ist, made little difference under the 2nd, uttering
the an as in the English can, mantle. In the 3rd, the uncertainty between a and e is greater
than in the 4th tone, which prefers the a. In both, the vowels are distinguished much as in
then
ia, ieh, etc.
as
were iian 3 tiaan*.
it
In the
lieh.
the voice pauses evenly on u and eh, which last vowel is

In the 2nd, eh is as in set, and is much clearer than the ii. In the
ist
tone,
pronounced as in sentry.
3rd, the eh of the ist tone is prolonged, the ii shortened.
to the ear, and the stress of the voice
The un
iin.
slightly inflected, as
3
In tin and
u.
cated like
tin*,
i,
i, o,
above
very faint
w;
is
more prominent
very prolonged.
as if H-iih
in the 3rd,
is
it
4
,
u2
oo in cook.
In
in lutte,
ii
and
n.
u3
u*, the
vowel
is
redupli-
as ii-uh or oo-ooh.
certainly nearly 6a; in the 2nd, the o almost disappears,

is
again apparent, prominence being given to the a or
very short. In the 4th, it seems to depend on the

shall be sounded shua* sounds shoaa, but Jiua* is htiaa.
is
ii is
the vowel sound resembles that

and rapidly pronounced, intervened between
oo in coon; the
In the ist tone, the ua,

oo, u, or
In the 4th, the
but the eh
the reduplication of the vowel before noticed,
The u resembles
a,
upon
the French une; in tin
an
is
it
2
ua.
becoming
ah, which
there
is
if
laid
is
initial
consonants which vowel
54
TZO ERH CHI.
426
What
uai.
ua
applies to
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
more or
is
far as the
less true of uai, so
is
concerned
u and
the diphthong ai; in the 2nd, u is conbut in the ist tone, the division
sonantal and ai shortened in the 3rd, the voice descends on u and rises sharp on a, to which i
between
is
is enclitic
the
first
in the 4th, the voice rises
The
nan.
6wan
on the u, and dies away on the ai, dwelling more on

tones, u might often be o ; and in the 2nd, w.
division of the vowel sounds
In the
uei
is
ist, 3rd,
in the 4th, dan, like
ob-w.e".i
kuei
In the
vowel.
and 4th
awn
in
ist tone, the
is
In the 3rd tone, the
as hi ua.
awning, or ohn
in the
German
final is
almost
ohne.
vowel sounds are nearly oowei; in the 2nd, wey ; in the 3rd,
on the e. The u in all four tones in
in the 4th, 6o-w.e.i, the i leaning enclitically
nearer
than in hui,
uen, un.
The double
and
In the
in the 3rd
4th.
is
are well divided, as
if
in the 2nd, the
gradually as
if
ist,
the
for all four tones,

is
nearly the vowel in put, foot ;

oo-un or u-n ; and in the 4th, as
but
is
more remarkable
dominant, prolonged as hi pool, moon;

but in the 3rd tone, the vowel sounds
if
do-un or u-Sn, the
latter part declining
u-e-n.
As observed under
ui.
might be written
u or oo sound
.vowel
uei, there is a difference
between that
final
and
This
ui.
is
most perceptible in the syllable hui, and under the 2nd tone in others, ui is nearly, if not
The syllable chui might otherwise be written choo-ey l chooy2 choo-Jy3 ch6o-ey*.
quite, uei.
;
The same
native will be found to pronounce this differently at different times.
In the
un.
in hudn, Icudn.
ist tone,
a perceptible inflexion of the vowel, but

slighter than
nearly the un hi the Italian punto, pronounced
there
In the 2nd,
it
is
is
quickly,
though a certain reduplication is still to be perceived. In the 3rd

is acted on
by the tones as hi aw and other finals noticed before.
and 4th
tones, this inflexion
The remarks on un apply generally to ung ; but in the 2nd tone, the inflexion
of the vowel is less apparent. The g final is faint in the same tone indeed,
ung* is somebetween
final
of
the
the
sounds
French
and
The
sound
is
rather
u than o
thing
longue.
long
Ting.
in yung.
kuo, shuo.
The three syllables

I must admit that
the
has the power of w.
uo.
rest, it
to
which
have assigned
this final hi the

Syllabary are huo,
only in the last that the u asserts itself as a vowel; in

In shuo, the tones might be expressed thus shudh1
shwSW,
it is
shuo*, thu-dh*.
u.
The
flexions of it
difficulty
here
is
hi representing the vowel
by the tone resemble those
sound
in the other final vowels.
this determined, the in-
The word sy-ru, with the
consonants struck out, might represent szu 1 ; such, szu 2 ; the 3rd and
4th might be
otherwise written szu-uh, szu-u-h; but our alphabet aids us less hi this than hi
any sound in
the Table.
italicised
There remain unnoticed a few

those already laid
ei,
under
wing.
eft
down
for en,
for others.
under ih and in
finals,
the tone rules

affecting which do not differ from
Those under an
for ing,
under
suffice for
iieh for uo,
ang and eng, under ai

and under ua and uan
for
for
THE TONE EXERCISES.
PART vn.
[A-CHA.]
427
EXERCISES IN THE TONES.

The larger numbers and characters to the left of the page correspond with those in the
Sound Table prefixed to the Tone Exercises in Volume I (pages 286 and 287), and are followed
by a general explanation of their meaning. The examples in smaller type, which are, in fact,
a repetition of the exercises, are literally translated.
1.
P&T
a particle, sometimes affirmative, sometimes interjectional
as the
last,
partly inter-
rogative.
Jj|
PnJ
8 J|
â
4
[ipj
2.
sW" 2 wo 2
ko l
It
is
Ah
so indeed.
What ?
(The Manchu a-ge) elder brother. The sons of a reigning Emperor

are called ako ; the eldest being ta dko, the second erh ako,
a^1
f|
fgf
an,
f pf
c h'iu?
ch'en
5g|
1<j
Jcao
Wafi
ai* hsi*
an, peace
^ y'inj
ait
m^n
Wan,*
fP5
ho'
........
.......
........
........
wo.?
comfort
health
Ifx oo,
Tall
To
and short ; of
ao
'
fs'ai
Peace
TO *e
6.
The bank
........
........
........ A
.......
in price.
boil meat, vegetables, etc.
cAwn,4
at night
quilted
(Zit.,
may be
it
to
burn midnight
oil.
cotton) ao (an article of dress
long or short).
;
arrogant.
unexpectedly.
Dregs
3
yi* cha
form of the pronoun we.
or shore of a river.
Conceited and supercilious
..'
c/ia
freedom from trouble.
To work
and low.
used alone in speaking).
2
k'uang' ao*
^f- cha, suddenly
A provincial
To
ao 2 yeh*
things, high
love.
rising.
ao, to boil (not

1
to cry to in tribulation.
Fine dust.
well-being.
........
........
........
J| ang, âng, high
To implore
High
5.
on.
âi, to love.
iji
4.
3
<*
and so
ai,
<Sb ?J
3.
........
......
.........
a1
shih*
|5pJ
leavings of tilings eaten or drunk.
A despatch
A span.
........
....... To
see, or
to
an
inferior.
meet, unexpectedly.
worn by both sexes ;
TZO EBH CHI.
428
7.
$?
//'<,
3 fg
jgj
[CH'A-CH ANG.]
tea.
....... The
eAu ........ Tea
y^ ........ To
........ The
shov?
Jjt
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
Be
ft
rA'af'*' a8
two hands clasped

and wine
together.
said of a meal prepared for guests.
hands on the hips
Pl ace *^ e
shu* (A'a4
to stand a-kimbo.
by a bough at the point
fork formed
it
branches
off
from
the stem.
8. >jlc
li'ii,
ijf jfc
^J: J|j
1|J 2(5
%
9.
10.
narrow.
.......
........
cha& .......
....... To
chat 1 chick*
Fasting and purification.
chu* chafl
[Speaking of another's] a residence.
k'uan 1
Broad and narrow ; the breadth
ch'ien* chai*
fljf
fuel; being wood, weeds, or
rlt-iii,
Jp
ft
-^*-
ch'af fan*
/yv
HI
flft
ch'ai
hit?
ffi
any similar
........ To
....... Wood
firing.
demolish, as houses, furniture,
cA'a*3
~f yanlf
of.
be in debt.
tetl
.....
and
etc.
charcoal.
A book of patterns,
such as milliners use.
the chan in chan chiao, [capital punishment by] beheading or

3
Observe that chan standing by itself is read chan but being followed
to decapitate;
JKchan,
strangling.
2
3
In the example of the 3rd tone,
by chiao a word in the 3rd tone, becomes chan
9
for it.
substituted
therefore, chan the numerative of lamps, has been
.
ffi
%& chan Jan
H
S?
11.
Jfi
5/i'*
'
chan*
tsa?
ton"
g|
12. 3|t
lj| ch'an yeh*
PR
saturated with
hence, morally, contaminated.
m P-
Government post
stations
courier offices.
up, so that the component parts are îndistinguishable

said of fluids or solids ; also used figuratively.
Gluttonous.
estate
3
ch'an* Aut
"!
a rule
g chang
property producing an income.

;
lit.,
ch'tng
3
/J:
J|
(g
chang* mil*
......
.......
.......
jfc ch'any
J|
7fc
fifc
cM*
titan3
ch'ang
mu* ch'ang3
ko l ch'ang*
and see the error of
one's ways.
Regulations.
To be born and
Bills; debts.
to
grow up.
Both forms of this character are admissible.
to sing.
J|
to reform
a law.
theng chany
'-li'ang,
reform (neut.)
13.
la<
........ To mix
.......
....... An
....... To
ch'an*
3
i-lttnvj,
j|
Steeped in
to produce, as females, the earth, etc.
<//'<(??,
till
........
..... A
......
*
1
JS y^ chan ^"S
....... A
....... Long
....... A
....... To
prostitute.
and short ; length.
woodyard.
sing.
PART
[CHAO-CHENG.]
14.
vii.
429
THE TONE EXERCISES.
fhao, a presage.
*J|$
fg Uf
/Hf
2f| ffi
Jfc
chao
,f!t
c/u
hail
to caU to.
also, over-eager, impatient.
search for.
presage
an omen.
the wrangle (of two or of more).
.......
........
.......
.......
1
3
D|| ch'ao Jang
c^'*" 2
ch'ao3
!$* chien
Eager, in a good sense
hsien 1 chao*
;J
J| w
ch'a? chao 3
15. P-J? ch'ao,
ty
........ To
........
....... To make
....... A
chao 1 hu l
ch'ien? ch'ao*
Noise of loud voices ; jang
Nest
To
of birds
fry in
lair
is
of beasts
here atonic.
den of thieves.
oil, fat, etc.
Cash and paper ;
or,
a cash-note, but this
is
oftener called a
ch'ien-p'iao.
16. ||F clw, the

jt|
^
!p|.
Ijfa
j||
che
che
j|L
,^
Ji
ilL
IS $1
yen
a carriage,
cart,
ch'e
fco*
ch'e
2
screen, as another's faults.
report to the Throne in a che, memorial.
Again
(in
argument)
J^
4
1 c ^ e* &'iM*
$1
drag
more,
etc.
also, to implicate.
do away with ; to dismiss part of an establishment ;
trh
.....
to abrogate
etc.
chei is simply short for che

;
Observe k'uai-erh, pronounced k'uairh*.
Here, in this place
.......
........ A
........ An
chen 1 chia?
2
3
5Jf chen t'ou
life
jB
'*
chen*
True and
false
pillow;
lit.,
yi,
this one.
the truth of anything.
to pillow the head.
earthquake.
a public servant in his relation to the Sovereign

to any but the higher officers of State.
El
ch'dn,
4
ch'tn1 kwa*
"K
I3E
;U
chiin
$pf
j^
k'o
^^
21.
is
chen, true.
JL fg
20.
what
chei, this.
H?
3
19.
farther ;
etc.
a law,
18.
This one.
Carts and horses.
ch'e
(s'ai
To
To
........
........ To
....... To
ma3
this.
........
........
........
........
tsou*
tsai* che
Jf flg<Ae
17. If? ck'&,
pronoun
BE
ch'en?
ch'en3
ch'en* cho*
....... To
.......
.......
.......
not applied, except
historically,
rebuke sternly ; to censure gravely, either to the face or behind

the back.
Sovereign and minister.
Hideous ; very unsightly ; of persons or
Taking advantage
of, sc.,
things.
circumstances, opportunity,
etc.
cheng, upright.
....... The
.......
cMng* ....... Of
cheng
JH
3
cheng ch'i?
IE
hsiA^
?|S
yiieh*
first
Eegular
moon
of the year (cheng 1 ).
in symmetrical order.
lines, roads, etc., straight
and diverging; hence,
moral and depraved, orthodox and heterodox.
figuratively,
TZU ERH CHI.
430
22.
clt'eng,
JJjJt
$}
accomplishment, as opposed to
pan*
jjt JJJ ch'eng
23.
ton
jjzf
I'M, of
^f
respect).
failure.
punish, punishment
of,
crime.
lit.,
pecks and steelyards.
good omen.
chi 1 cfc'iion
$j|
address a person, or speak of one (by such or such a term of
Measures and weights ;
eh'enff
[CH'ENG-CHIANG.]
failure.
Accomplishment or
rh'fng- pai*
3
=J.
....... To
.......
....... To
.......
hu l
ff. cli'cng
J& Hi
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
.......
that has been devaPoultry and dogs ; e.g., none left in a country
stated the place of them to be shunned by a compounder of
certain medicines, because his operations should be conducted
;
.......
........
........
"
2
||j
c '11
Kl
tea
fj
f ^'i
pf
chi
*** '****
IB 41
24.
hsiung
c h'fl
pa
^^
ch'i-
tt
flj
c/i't
chia, a
tljc
^5
tfc
cA'u
hsiieh
house
c/iM 4
3 *
in a history, essay, etc.
chia 1
chia- tai*
chia
Ep tfvtf
g|
home
eh'ia
-^
ch'ia
hua
teft
curious
constitution
........
........ To
.......
....... The
To
strange.
breath and blood.
lit.,
home.
live at
carry privily
price
lit.,
Casque and coat
under the arm.
of mail
armour.
of.
with exactly.
....... To
........ A
.......
fh'ia* ch'iao
how
the family.
chia* ch'ien*
}g ft
^ J5
the beginning.
The
$4
To put on record
........
.......
....... At
.......
26. ftf ch'ia, to coincide
27.
Oneself.
Strange
-Jr
Auspicious and inauspicious.
Seven, eight.
'i*
25.
in quiet.
strange.
*t /V
jg
pick a flower off
Customs
barrier
its
also,
In the nick of time
stem.
the clasp of a belt.
in exact coincidence.
ck'iai (also k'ai), the stalk of grass.
.......
The written character
in
which despatches are copied
say,
round
hand.
28.
$L
chiang, a river
^
fj
te4 chiang 1
3
chiang
chiu 1
rather of large streams than small.
....... The
....... To
great river
sc.,
the Yangtze.
look into curiously, minutely, fastidiously, particularly ;

hence,
in some cases, the result of such care
e.g., if one chiang chiu,
;
EA
chiang* je
.......
is
particular,
A workman
an
about one's room, one's room

artizan.
is
chiang-chiu.
PART vn.
[CH'IANG-CH'IEN.]
THE TONE EXERCISES.
431
29. Hi" ch'iang, to carry off with violence.

1
Sound
tiao*
IB? ch'iang
whether of speaking or singing;
in accord; in tune,
also,
figuratively, of things.
4
eh'iang
f| 3|
2
3
ch'iang to
JOt.
30.
3* H!
yfC ch'iang*
Properly, a partition wall, but used of any wall of a house.
pi
To rob
mu*
to steal.
Wooden
supports.
chiao, to interchange.
55
"ft*
chiao 1 tai*
To hand over
to a successor in office; also, to give orders to
servant or subordinate.
P|J
chiao 2 kuo*
One's bread
lit.,
to eat,
one's days,
the food, needed to enable one
to
pats
to live, or one's daily expenses of a necessary
kind.
^
Dlj.
31.
^5
uS chiao 3
BSP 'h
Pjg
han
chiao*
ch'iao,
Hand and
To
cunning but
;
also, clever, of
call
men
To
to?
out loud
ch'iao
f{
ch'iao 2 liang2
J3J
j^
ch'iao 3 rniao*
Of men,
f^f
to call to a person.
ingenious, of things.
UJ ff
ch'iao* p'i
Observe shou? becomes nearly shou* before chiao 3.
foot.
beat, as drums, gongs, etc.
bridge
lit.,
to
_f |,
Of women
only, well-looking
also, well-dressed
used
fig.
of fair
allusions.
chieh, a street.
Pj
@i
i
1
jjj chieh tao*
j^*
$f
H.
wan2
Public ways.
chieh2
ch'ieh1 jou*
ffi
ch'ieh
completed.
to explain.
Of. solvere.
moreover.
^jjg
untie
To borrow.
^J
^_
To
chieh* tai*
ch'ieh,
JJ
To complete
kai 1
chieh3
ffl
f| -g
33.
at a door.
clever ; of inventions, ingenious.
words that cover censorious

32.
knock
bridge beams.
3
k'liang* ch'ieh
chi
To
slice
meat, cutting vertically.
(Amongst other
tati,
Moreover
Concubines
ch'ieh*
things) the brinjal, or egg-plant.
farther.
;
without
in
speaking of one alone, ch'ieh would be
used
chi.
34. JjL chien, to perceive.
Jf
^
Jj^
35.
fo
To diminish number
ftjfc
'jgf
f ^
^
fjj|
mien*
chien*
owe
1
ch'ien
ch'ien
1
J?J?
chien3
ts'ai
ch'ien, to
$H
A traitorous or disloyal minister.
chien1 ch'en2
shen
To have an
or quantity.
interview with
during a
to be deficient in.
wan*
A thousand myriads = any number;
ts'ai?
Money;
ch'ien3
kai 1 ch'ien1
tite-a-tite.
wealth.
Deep and shallow

To owe.
the depth
of.
with a negative, on no account.
36.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
TZ& &RH CHI.
432
$0
jg
fa
$y
chih 1 too4
<
fjj
&
/isKOij
tfc
'""?
rft'i/i
di'ih
</'
To be on duty
in one's turn.
To point out;
to indicate.
Ambition; indirection or aim of one's
ch-ih
$3
resolution.
the Chinese foot,=about 14 inches English.
<7/'i7(,
JT
P*"
'''*'"
Jjij
H^
38.
;<
r/uVi
jg
To know.
tliilr' tU',n
JUj
jg
37.
know.
to
(/<(/'-
[CHIH-CH'IO.]
*'*1
<
wu
t.<'un*
<
as red cim be
Red
*'* fcl
To
fail,
or ruin,
by unpunctuality.
Feet and inches; the length of ; commonly pronounced ch'ih*
sW.
A bird's wings.
pang
n tne Chinese pound.
'
fp pg c/uV
Pound and ounce
/larej
"
see
Chinese Weights and Measures," Part III,
p. 213.
$g Hf
chin3 hsiu*
3
g?
39.
nearly related or
cl'in,
^
JJ ^
<-''
f8,
t 'i"
r/t itt
silk, etc.
Far and near ; distance.
chin*
yiian
Embroidery, in gold,
allied.
c 'tC **
Connexions by marriage.
chien3
Industrious and frugal.
j^ cfc'M.* AA?
Sleep and food
part of a proverb in which anxiety of
to interfere with both rest

Jfj]
<-l<ttuj,
Bji Bfl
y en3 chind
;}
chinf
.JjJ
^ ^ an
41. 1|!
>
The dog
cfe'in.
The eyes
ch'iian2
vomiting
ching*
Quiet
a dog's vomit.
lit.,
the pupil of the eye.
th'ing
tranquil
said of the mind, of a scene, of a state of things.
chung*
Light and heavy (morally or materially)

value of character, counsels,
B[|
yin ch'ing*
1
In "$ ch'inf an
jj
42.
79
tiao*
fjj ch'ing*
chio,
$1
said
appetite.
opposed to heavy.
|^
is
Wells and springs; but with shui, the water of either or both, as
distinguished from river water.
/'''#, light, as
|M fi
is
mind
a well.
40-^f
low 3
O^j
and
(Of the sky) clouded or
To
fine
also,
the weight of things
rainy or fine
inquire after the health of; hence,
the weather.
a form of salutation.
Congratulations and condolences.
liorn.
& ch'
The
sc*
particular business in
he belongs
to.
You
which a man
ask,
what
is his
is
engaged
chio se?
the class
The word
here meaning class, description.
43.
|j|J
ck'io, to
^|
Ciii
-J-jJ
etc.
stop abruptly.
1
c/t'io
Observe the other form of this character in the example below.

To
decline; to refuse.
sS
I'AKT VII.
[CHIU-OHii.]
44.
V0
Chinese wine or
ctiiu,
diiu pan*
iwr
JS
3
$0 fhiu
43&
spirit in general.
5u
THE TONE EXERCISKS.
To inquire
and punish un
into
offence.
Wine and meat;
the dinner one gives his friends.

a chiu-jou friend sc., not in one's intimacy,
with whom one would be intimate.
joii*
4
wC Wi chiu hu*
;i
niiui
or, not a frirml
succour, as people in poverty, danger, etc.
autumn.
45. %fc rlt'iu,
$ $i
To
Snrli
i-h'un
ch'iit
Spring and autumn; the
title
of a certain historical work attributed
to Confucius.
l
$k jR yan 9
ch'iu 2
To beseech
|R
eh' in-
~f fan*
IfJ
lion
46. jgf chiung, straitened
5g jg chiung
47. jpf
48.
49.
^-
i-ln>,
50.
a table.
ifj
^J
{$
"fej
$!jE
Ifa
^f=
^-
ch'e
lo,
nearly foV
by circumstances, want of means,
etc.
poverty.
muddy
hence, perspicuity and obscurity.
r/iott
$$ $*
ett
ch'a-
f^
IJjl;
hence, collision in general.
Silk
fesiarejr
cft'on
and
Good
article of a lot.
satin; silk manufactures.
Ugly and
chilli*
1
the upper and lower parts of the arm.
night,
fair.
smells and bad.
short clause.
fhil
ch'u
A dwelling-place
tu3 chu?
pao
3 chii 3
4
.
chii*
tuan*
ono's abode.
Note
rh'u, in this sen.-e, ]>ro|>erly
5cc under 62, below.
A gambling table or establishment

To recommend
before
one.
cfe'w
Iffl
against
round.
all
To examine one
w * twan *
ch'on 3
lit,
Day and
i/e/i.
c/i'oM
$&
bump
axle-tree.
The arm
^g
The
draw towards
to
cM, a
Surrounding
chou*
)j
^
^
to
In easy circumstances.
8
eftou
yei
f/t'ou,
^Q
the liao becomes in fact
day, as distinguished from night.
J^
To poke and
p'enij^
'
52.
Clear and
t'lton 1 ch'o*
1
gj chon wei"
iff
Tables and stools or benches.
''h'
cli-ou,
g$
>,
roomy; hence, comfortable.
51.
pressed,
Very poor
did1
ch'ing
//'(>,
5J:
not so strong ax
is
See Part III, 148.
$8
rice is [boiled to] gruel
Hard
p'in* ch'iung*
flj
but
of space or fortune.
p'o*
cho 1 ting*
jp|
j^
intensifies ch'iu,
above.
see,
extremity; the farthest verge.
h' lung,
f| %%
The
yang
which
for promotion.
Note pao 3
which benuncs poo 3
diii*.
Clauses and sentences; q.d., such or such a piece of writing will

not make them is not constructed so as to make sense.
55
434
53. J$l
<-li' it,
%,
to take, as
yi""* (A'"
kou 1
JJJ jf|
ch'ii
$H jg
3|j
64.
....... Wronged
........
........ To
........ Coming
in general
Government.
to contribute in aid of the necessities of the
....... To
.......
.......
contribute in aid of
Government
necessities
chia chuan*
lit,
to contribute
and present.
Open, as the hand, and closed, as the
;jj :jf
oppressed.
and going.
shu1 cftuan3
%fr j-g
take and to present.
sung*
1
chiian no.*
|jij
[CH'U-CH'UO.]
opposed to presenting.
Ditches and gutters ; drains
ch'ii*
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
/ai2 ch'ii*
^ chuan,
ffi
55.
RH
Tztr
One's family
fist
chiian, to roll up.
said of one's wife alone, or of wife
and
children.
ch'iian, complete.
c 'l '** <M *
BO 2$
'*en3
|8f
fc
3
gJJ ch'iian fei*
ch'i
ch'uar?
chieh*
56. ${& ckiieh, to cut

1
'
ch'deh
iuffl?!.
|gf
|g
?l
iS i
^|
dog's bark
warn ;
lit,,
lit.,
in regular order and complete.
the dog barks.

to counsel
protrude the lips
cfeiteft
and warn
against,
sc.,
a vice or bad habit.
ch'ueh
to pout.
ciit off.
Ziao4 cfeiteA
chueh 4 sang*
{^ pn
Completeness
....... To
....... To
The
.......
tsui 3
57. S^t ch'ueh, vacant
and points ; the former marking the sentence, the latter,

the clauses in the sentence ; or, to punctuate with circles.
Circles
off.
? TO
.......
.......
....... A
....... To
fafl.
horse kicks
liao
meaning to
lift.
Churlish.
deficient.
.......
To
fill
up a vacancy.
Lame.
Positively so.
58.
3p
cAiwi, the Sovereign.
.......
........
.......
2
an^r
3
^f
chiin
^^
/-him
jH]
59.
Ip
hsiu*
ch'un, properly, a drove, a flock

2
ch'eng* ch'iin
J$
60.
tzii
chiio, nobility;
ft
fit
^w
61. ^|5 c/t'uo.
The Sovereign
wang being used
in its ancient
The term
is
unknown
and
classical sense.
in Peking.
Fine, of person or talents.
also,
.......
Rice with the husk on.
a party of persons.
To make a group
or party.
high position.
m& ........
See above, 43,
ch'io.
Position,
where the person spoken of
is
of somewhat high rank.
PART
[CHTJ-CH'UAN.]
62.
chu, lord
Jf ^
1
fj
Jj[
pj
chu 2
1
3
pin chu
tzii
dm*
ch'u, to
{fj
chu yang
He. fi&
63.
master
Pigs and sheep
wai*
JfJ
ch'u
Jig
ch'u3 fen*
*
fi $a ^M
<
fang
c ^'
u*
J^ $
chita
if R.
65. %fc ck'ua,
3tj[
66.
H 8S
jjjj
of.
leave
home
ch'u 3 , to regulate
hence,
disgrace.
One's abiding place.
hand, paw, claw, upon.
........ To
...... A
chua3 tzu
ch'ua
chuai 1 ni 2
y al chuai?
la
chuai*
**
shtng
.....
tear
by clapping the hand,
etc.,
upon.
fowl's claw.
air.
There was a whiz, a whir, or any sudden sound.
........ To
........ A
........ To
fling
mud
at
duck waddles
huai2 ch'uafl
ch'uafi
mo2
chuan, special
Tljt
jjilj
how chuai 1 comes to mean
fling
is
not explained.
the waddle of a duck.
drag or draw a person, thing, or animal.
....... To
....... To
stick [a thing] in the breast of one's
chuan s
fllf
ching
feel for,
y?
chuan*
.......
.......
...... The
ch'uan, to bore through

gy.
j||(
jji JUa
PjjjJ
Lit., the
'''''
[a thing] stuck
with the hand
or, fig.,
of a person speculating, to guess.
succession of short kicks.
only entrance; one particular pursuit; devotion to one
pursuit.
ancient classics of China and the commentary,
....... What
A'uon* .......
....... An
......
lit.,
by
corre-
the tradition.
one wears on the body and carries on one's head
Carts and junks
fan2 ch'uan3
1
JS ch'uan* t'ung
sc.,
hence, to get into one's clothes.
carriage
asthmatic affection
by land and
t'an,
In
collusion with.
apparel
water.
the phlegm, the effort to expectorate
which produces the ch'uan.
ffi
Transfer of things from place to place ; of cases,

spondence between co-ordinate jurisdictions.
ch'uan1 tai*
J
garment
in the breast.
individual.
1
2
p^ chuan mien
:g
a place at a certain distance.
punishment of official delinquency

to punish an official, sc., by fine or
To kick a
69.
for
kitchen.
:JJ|-J
^g Jp
one's residence.
ch'uai, to feel with the fingers.
>U
68.
chuai, properly, to draw, or drag, towards one.
Jjj?
-frfi)
host.
any whistling sound produced by the rapid movement of something through the
~S
i!& '^
67.
p'o*
chi 1
to go out
........ To
........ A
........ The
........
64. ffi. ckua, to clap the

1
farming stock.
bamboo.
One's abiding place
435
host.
.......
........ The
........
........
go forth
THE TONE EXEBCISES.
Quest and
fh'u*
1
#[> ch'u
VII.
TZO ERH
436
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
[CHUANU-E.]
70. ijt <-/ii"ing, stx)Ut; hearty.

1
To
tsai
"'
uan9i
ffl- ;fcc
iS
5j
chiuing
'*
'^
Bulky
cAii4
'^" n "5r4
load
to put into
to contain.
dimensions.
or, simply, of large
Robust.
71. ifo I'li'mmy, a lied.

1
gj J5
fcn
r/i'iMiHj
Observe that this ch'uang'
window.
the vulgar form

JJ
QH
fl)
di'uang
To burst
ji<
in ''h'wg* thik
written in several ways
Bed and bedding.
p'u*
cli'uatig*
is
as here.
is
one's
To found
into.
way
to invent
to originate.
72. x|l chui, to pursue.

j|S
jg
J(|
c/u/i'
|g
74.
/^
Zf.
i-li'
ifjfc
to rack
and
ruin.
blow with the breath.
'''''"''
1/i'ui
g^
'
Beating drums and playing on wind instruments.
a3
shou s
c/i?i3
To
let
the hands hang
down
hands so hanging.
|j|j
J[
r/i'iin
(p^
3;
*f
i-li
yo
Approval and disapproval.
hsia*
Spring and summer.
hmi*
Morally sound
'a a-
A'i(/t
:i
pin
sincere.
Loutish and stupid.
Within and without
ioai*
i-Iiiitiy
Îj
central; inner.
inicj,
cjj
mi, spring.
i-li
76.
overtake.
To go
i7(a, to authorise.
JJ|
75.
fi
To
"4
/*** f'11
73. 1*^ ch'ui, to

Bfc
t<ms
in the capital
and the provinces
native and
foreigner.
W.
||[
77.
rli'
3fc
ffi 'l'"i"f'
3i
ti
Light and heavy
"'
the weight
'/<'
tang
"f/
Representing
filling
the place
S8 !
78.
^
HJ
y*
Creeping things
at 4
To be
'"'''
'''''""
'=S
....
lit.,
reptiles
of.
and
ants.
specially fond of; to love fondly.
petard
small iron ordnance without any carriage.
<7,'o, to strike with a point.
&
79.
of.
to represent; to act as.
nrt,
Swollen and painful.
l-iinij
''
e,
ch
'
wl
limit, as of
^m
$g $
t'ai* e
2
r!
shu*
I
^^
Collision in general
P'titf
A<"'4 e*
number
lit.,
blow with the point and
laterally.
or quantity.
An
obsolete
official title
the
name
of a sword in history.
A fixed number.
You and
I (the ancient pronunciation of wo, I, being "Jo or
Virtuous and vicious.
(;).
PART vn.
[EN-FENG.]
80.
en,
,.
jj[
81. U-fv e
$$
<i
too
Grace
humph
82.
|!pj
jf
83.
originally, grace of the Sovereign.
man] down on the ground by
force.
1
en? a
To hum and
to
haw.
a son.
J^jJ, e.rlt,
JP
[a
(If
law or rule of grace
lit..,
To keep
a sound
</,
437
favour.
"VKI>,
Jft rd
THE TONE EXERCISES.
crfc
Sons and daughters.
lit
The
2%. crh? to*
saw
crfc*
Two
ear
3
properly to .
to',
or three.
fa, a means.
?x
ch'ien3
/ftl
To send
into exile.
tzti,
Means
plans
m^2
The gate of a Buddhist temple.
-^ /a
2
EM 1 ''" /ft3
J^j
fi PI /"
Tne
back or
84. 2$C /"'". to turn
S! SI /"
/a
Pfe
iR
over.
topsy-turvy.
Distressed in mind.
tao*
ch'ih 1
resources.
hair of tne head -
To turn
''ewy
3
rt ' 12 raa
$il fSi
'SH
7tl
Upset
To
fan*
turned over
eat rice
on the contrary.
generally, to eat
any meal.
85. ~J] fang, square.

l
~Jj
H!
MM
fan 9 yUan?
Square and round.
i
fan 9 wul
House and rooms
JU fg fang
^^
86.
fei,
Jjt
BE
jg|
fang*
ch'a?
To make inquiry
ssti*
To
jjf.
shih* fei 1
H /*
H
sh
way
[is
clean, is dirty, etc.].
into.
to violence, evil passions
Right and wrong
u*
Fat and
tei 2 /ei3
to
commit disorderly
acts.
s/i i7t
also, tittle-tattle, scandal, mischief.
lean.
Banditti, rebels, etc.

4
:i
Expenses
/ei
sc.,
in the
way
of fees, etc.
fen, to divide.
^> j^ fni
Ill
SB
3/
^
Ic'ai
To
mtt4
"^
"
e ft2
c/i i/t
3
/e)i
$jj
$>
Mi /".'/,
^ ,^
-fit
'
chih fen*
Srave
a graveyard.
The
duties of one's
cosmetics in general.
office.
wind.
1
lH
divide into shares, portions, etc.
Red pigment and white
88.
give
the house
the wrong, as opposed to the right.
^ ^
87.
''
"f/
3
2/"
ts'at
Wind and
2
feng
$. kung* feng*
To
rain.
cut and to sew.
N.B.
T'ai-/<;nj<, a
tailor.
Make
tender of [service], sc., in the palace; said of the attinrli'ntr

of high officers on the Sovereign, or of worship to deities ;
thinj..
anciently, and still politely, to ofl'er, to present,
:i
TZtT
438
not
if fou,
JJt
91.
/ou
k'ou
f"-
fix
Axes
yiith
mt '3
K&
"fi
tfj
fi"
/wtoo4
.....
kov?
^*2 ma3
.....
sWnj
^ ? hi ........
.......
^ chiang
H*
hai
........
^
I'"!-'
hat 3
^f]
Hi
frog
mo, commonly ma.
lap-dog.
Dried
some such
frogs, or
?g
jf
Q% \$
jjig
$^
jj|
from Manchuria.
The exclamation hai!
A child.
The waters
lit.,
rivers
and
seas.
A strong intensive, used more commonly of evil things
than good ;
and damage.
.......
.......
....... To
....... Manchus
HMin 1 Aan 1
Dilatorily, undecidedly
font- liang*
han3
rhiao4
'man8
the two characters are not used apart.
Cold.
call to
ham*
to call out.
and Chinese.
In inj. to beat the ground preparatory to building a wall.

:i
'
fj" {
!. fj
/.o
hang
Jg
hang
[fj
I"'-<>>
hang
4
96. jfj
eatable, brought
Inn, cold.
j^jlj
95.
a battle-axe.
also, profit
94.
by the arm T
moral or material.
.......
to hold up, as
To laugh heartOy.
........ A
...... A
pa
93. i|f /en', j,'nivc injury,

|
yiieh,
/,
7ta.
1
'l<l2 IJM)4
Aot1
wife.
Father and mother.
sound
3
fa ha
4
i^ **
and
hold oneself up by, e.g., a staff:

ch'ih, to grasp in the hand.
4g Aa Ao
4H
sect.
so or not.
........ Husband
........ To
........
........
the founder of the Tao
a husband.
fit- ch'ih?
92. 9(j A", the
latter,
port on sea or river.
^'^
fn
the
Floating and sinking.
man
fu
Buddha and LAO CHUN
.......
........ Whether
........ Any
fou* ch'(n~
P fou
fit,
[FO-HAO.]
so.
^ -gj<in
JHjs.
........
to
&
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
Buddha.
89. $fe fo,
90.
ERH
gd
J[ J
U^
***1 *
to love
beat the ground preparatory to building a wall.
Every
ch'iian
3
ts'oo
hao1
........ To
........
....... A
;
to be addicted to
........
........
trade.
neck-ring worn by a child ; hang, properly, the neck, but not

colloquially used in northern mandarin.
;
to
be in the habit
Jungle; specially, aromatic weeds used for burning;
The
if
hsi
KM?
......
........
Is
it
a particle of any kind ; very

q.d., not a particle.
of silk
floss
i
i? ha<P put
of.
well (or good) or not?
To be addicted
sc.,
(Commonly implying that
to [any pursuit,
good or
evil].
artemisia.
common with a
N.B.
it is.)
Hsi
is atonic.
PART
97.
JH
lie,
j||
VII.
THE TONE EXERCISES.
hei, black.
2
hei1
(=j
Black and white
pai
tell
JH
439
}m3
jj[
ioit
Black beans
98. ^j| hen, originally, wilful, litigious,
used also figuratively as with us

= good from bad.
q.d.,
he can't
black from white,
black pulse.
but commonly a strong intensive
often written with the
94th Radical.
$[ shang
f|E
hen?
S
if 'f {& /W
55J 'i'i
tH
ti*
The
wound.
scar of a
Exceedingly good.
yuan*
Animosity
hen, properly, wrath that one feels
yuan, that one
vents.
Mug, constant
1
1
D^ B Ung ha or
99. '|S
jg fa Mng*
$f
ho, a
Ufa
pg
enduring.
1
1
cny a
To hum and
chin3
H)r hsiung
Ijjl
100.
Ferocious
ffl
101.
haw
the guardians at the door of a temple.
a long time.
brutal
river.
ch'ih 1 ho 1
To
2
chiang ho
Rivers in general.
ho* hsi?
To
^ Jp
for
Enduring
Mng*
to
eat
and drink
congratulate.
hou, after, in time or place.
|Jj
feow
1^
/wien.
Briny
The two
kung hou?
^j|
salt
salt in the extreme.
first titles
of the ancient five orders of national, as dis-
from imperial, nobility kung, generally translated duke,

belongs to both orders hou, marquis.
tinct
m niu
^^
<^.
hou 3
ch'ien?
102.
Jp
hou*
of oxen
hou, also the roar of a
lion.
Before and behind, in time or place.
hu, a door.
5J
;
H
J5
103. ^j
The lowing
tfc
hu 1 jaw2
|f
ch'a?
Ju
Of a sudden.
A tea-pot.
hu 2
2
3
3
î<7 hu pang
tiger affiche ; the list published of graduates

Note hu 3 , but
obtain degrees as licentiates or doctors.
3
before pang .
Dragon and
A family
hu* k'ou3
population
lit.,
who
fc
the mouths in a house.
huu, flowers.
^2
^
B&
|^
Jjl
hua 1
ts'ao
ni-
hua
Bit
'"* a3 1*1*
shuo 1 hita*
jig-
Flowers and grass, or herbs
The mud
4
3^
huai hsuing
\
ru/f?
huwi*
vegetation.
slippery.
To speak
ill of a person behind his back, whether your censure be

merited or not.
To speak
104. iff huai, to injure seriously
is
to talk.
to destroy.
To think
To
spoil,
to cherish a thought.
be spoiled, more or
less
said of things.
TZO ERH
440
105.
/.mi,), to
$(
COI.LOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
exchange.
........ To
.......
Ai .......
Man
....... To
Auon hif
Jg
$t
$5
106.
/'
ft"
jfc
Anon1
li,,i-
k"' 1
<a '
.......
......
huang
.......
huang
fa
yi'
1
fa huang Iwm*
j|
}5& I
eh'ing
2
JS^L
107.
[fil Inii,
s'Vi,
[tjj
/mi-
108. "M.
|g
ffi
Pg
ft 2
jjji
fg.
&T
huang*
//
^j
J|[
jjL
hui
Itou*
I,
a,
110. ^C/M-<>,
zeal, industry.
<^
'rh
.....
disorder
e.g.,
by a bad
that occasioned
year,
by brigandage,
etc.
Green and yellow
To
said of ripening
com.
tell lies.
flash
its
duration,
hou*
/wan 4
hn,t*
= a moment.
Note the two forms of
hui.
repent,
Dark, as a cloudy day; obscure, of a man's meaning.
The
spirit of
man
after death.
stupidly honest; that will not see another's faults; not used
Lit.,
bad
in a
sense.
In great confusion; of things tumbled together; also,

state of a country.
fig.
of the
red
.......
........
AM?^ .......
.......
>""i<l
'''''i
/(*
fc'<w
To heat
before the
Hi*
Red and
hung*
To smelt
IIHIIIJ-
/i',
........
.......
........
.......
fam'
go back.
To
fire.
green, as trees in blossom
lii,*
also read lu*.
deceive.
quicksilver.
tire.
~F
'IM
* <OM3
s/iHt
/u(o
'2
.....
........
.......
An
indentation on the body, as a harelip

opening at the end of a seam.
Dead
en-
alive;
hut>*
........
a gap in a wall
live or not [one
whether he will
cannot
an
tell].
\Vatcr and tire; a poor man fcas thesethese and nothing beside;
they are said to be wu* eh'ing', unnatural, unreasonable, in
cases
JJ
also, of the involution
mingled in confusion.
s
>
J^|wft &0
ring on ring.
Bribes.
an*
Kjt
hni* lu*
n</,
^^
q.d.,
Lime.
ch'ii*
fairf*
$& $;
&E
change.
Wild
.......
....... To
........ To
........
fan 1
/""'<', /''"',
109.
$t
jiff
of circles in a pattern
to turn back.
-fl
to delight in.
lt?l<7, J'ellow.
^Sf
Slackened, as
^ ^
rejoice
Several rounds [of musketry or artiUery]
"' l3 1
;i
[fiUAN-HUO.]
iif
flood or fire; q.d.,
Note s/mi 3 changes

Merchandise.
they make no distinction of persons.
to shiii
before
huo 3
PART vn.
[HSI-HSING.]
111.
Itsi,
]f[
fg
|f
Jffi
^|f Hfc
ffl $fl
112.
JJ
113.
SI
lB
,g,
~Jj
/J"
hsi 1
lung
hsi s
To
ts
'
huan 1
ul hsi*
jg
|nj
Jjl
fc
'fjfe
hsia 1
tzV,
2/"
the quality of anything coarse or
fine.
hsiang
ssti
fan9
in the direction
ch'ou*
hsi*
personally addressed as hsien-sheng.
of.
Fragrance and stench.
Minutely; detailedly.
man
Spring and summer.
hsiang
blind
Cloud and mist
ch'un 1 hsia*
Mm
'
$5
hsiang
To think
Direction taken or to be taken.
hsiang*
4fc
fan2
bethink you
To diminish
Great and small ; the
To chat and
hsiieh
A trifle
wei 1
hsieh
'fiJL
hsieh2
ifil
,!, hsieh*
size of.
laugh.
en
in a small degree.
Boots and shoes
^%2 hswh3
W.
fall off.
little of.
few;
1
to
An apprentice.
hsiao*
HJ
^t
chien 3
a()1
hsiao 2 t'u?
3
]\ ta* hsiao
$ft f
To bleed
commonly written
^.
bleeding.
To thank
hsieh,
for favour
shown.
hsien, before, in time.
^^
hsien 1 hou*
j^ 1^
ch'ing
^L Kt WR ^
|$j|
Before and
hsim2
hsien
hsien* ch'i
)jji
>|)J
fit;
hsin
^
^
[gi
J^
Jjl
^J ^g
hsi
To ask
A note
shu 1 hsin*
name
su*
The
wei 2
Conduct;
shui* hsing 3
2
hsing*
ming
a limited period.
of the heart or
mind
its character,
and give nothing in
morally.
return.
letter.
surname.
hsing
for a thing
hsing
etc.
the mind.
The nature
tung
hsing, family
fj
also,
hsin 1 hsing*
z
Dangerous.
fljj
Ifi III
Tranquil
after.
undisturbed by cares, noise,
A given date
117. 'C> hsin, the heart
(to guests).
to be pleased with.
Coarse and fine
â
Jisieh,
&
118.
like
a thing.
summer.
'
116.
dinner
hsiao, small.
f@
115.
East and west
chiu 3 hsi 2
ksiang, towards
IB]
^j.
114.
west.
hsia,
PH -^
441
THE TONE EXERCISES.
stars
lit.,
star-constellation.
actions.
Asleep or awake
to
wake
up.
Surname and name.
56
TZU ERH CHI.
442
119.
[HSIO-I.]
hsio, to learn.
y
120.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
&
flSJ
mn4
A*to*
Acquired knowledge ; learning ; Kt, learning and asking.
hsiu, to repair
U3
^ttt
to prepare.
To put
'**
in order,
***'"*
Rotten.
k*u*
Collar and
cuff,
e.g.,
mechanism, roads,
or sleeve
also, fig. for
etc.
the best hand, the managing
man.
121.
Jt
lixiung, elder brother.
5t
ffo
htiung
t4
Elders and juniors in a family.
JaJ
122.
^K
J||
1
A. * rt,
ion hiiung*
jn*
jjjb
htif fit*
Jg |
hiii
Must
chteA 1
a bear said to resemble a dog.
sure to.
is
To take time
tati8
yti?
fjK
necessary; must.
>$
A dog-bear
in devising
to deliberate.
To promise.
In
ftiii*
connexion with or continuation of the foregoing
lit.,
receiving,
taking up, and continuing.
123.
Pa
the uproar of a crowd.
hoii'tn,
Pf PH
hsiian 1 jang3
Clamour of many
jg| Jj^
Auan2
To be suspended
ilia*
JH
chien* hiiian*
jSg
hou* hsiian*
124.
It
ffl;
nii eh,
gj
To
[Of
voices.
as a hanging lamp, a sign-board.
Note chien 3 changes
select [officials for promotion].

officials]
to chien'.
awaiting selection.
snow.
1
/wwe/i
/wiA.2
See under 115, hsieh*.
Boots and shoes.
In anatomy, the space between the joints ; the points at which, in

acupuncture, the needle is introduced; applied in geomancy
jSj jj^ hiiieh? too*
to the features of ground.

3
J5
-B|. !/
ft
faAs
1
ttuan hsileh*
Rain and snow.
Note
To
mine ; of wild
excavate, as a
yii
changes to
yii*.
beasts, to dig a
den to
lie in.
125. 5^1 Imun, to go rounds.
3E
jf
)55 3tl
hsiin1 chtng 1
w " rv2 c^ <a2

2
tH
2/raj
Of steamy vapour
To go
'
A military post
hsiin*
(after rain, off
fen, etc.).
rounds, as a watch, a cruiser, etc.
lit.,
collectively, the military in a particular locality
battalions, or cantonments
and minor
stations.
126. ffi har&o (also, as in 119, hsio; also, hsriieh), to learn.
||
127.
i,
thtng
A pupil
a student.
yi, clothes.
^^
|H
j|
hsiio
ehang
to*
pa
Clothes in general; originally,

the lower.
tail
of beasts,
3}
un? **
t V
of the upper clothing, skting, of
S" The Numeratives," Part
One.
The
i,
Easy
yung
fish, etc.
also read jung.
Note
III, p. 4.
i 3 properly
wei 3
PART
[jAN-JU.]
128.
THE TONE EXERCISES.
VII.
443
Jan, to dye.
t*? Jan
Is
thus or not
it
Whether
? also,
it
be so or not
[is
uncertain].
ffi
129.
%i chan jan?
Thoroughly saturated with

fig. of vicious habits.
Jung, to talk too loud
Vjj^
jang jang
? Jan9
ill
an
Ril J
To blab
The
tztt
f ncto*
To
ch'ien 1 jang*
it | jo
quarrel
$1
13-
(act.
and juice ;
also,
the works of a
etc.
have altercation with a
to
man
man
to
make a
row, as
or many.
decline anything offered one ; to decline

praise as unworthy of
it.
and neut).
Affluence
yii*
^ wefijao
To
wind round
130. i|| jao, to
but also
to let out secrets.
inside of a melon, pulp, seeds,
one
IS 91
literally,
to be noisy.
watch,
OH
deep dyed in ; used
chit
joo
plenty to eat and more.
lit.,
To enwreath;
to
wrap round;
also,. fig. of
a siege.
TO deprive of the power of movement by tying

Of. complication
also, fig.
of affairs
hand-tied.
131. f^$ je, jo, hot.

shih
ft? 3Jf je
tft
132.
Hk
yV j<?n,
A. fy
Cold and hot ; cold and heat
ling* je,*
wu*
Jen
(se
Men and
jen
jen
135.
7J$
136.
n J^
%jo,
|>jj
"
Responsibility
$H
To
fling
lit.,
away as
jung
also read yung.
the blame-bearing, the blame-trust.
useless
jeng also read
j%' in other combinations.
the day.
Sun and moon
If
also,
days and months.
jou
lj$.
fg kang jtm
$jj
faf
it
be argued ; also,
with reference to.
one
if
is
speaking of a subject, as regards,
flesh.
i*
tolerant
y^ e^
meat
65
137.
other created things; also, a

"man," in a good sense.
if.
jou,
(flj
See Part III, 227.
temperature.
throw from one.
jih, the sun
fj
all
Forbearing
\n SlJe? A'*
133. 3/y j stiff, to
134.
or provoke trouble.
man.
if t& Jung
Hf
TO make
ti
i*
sMng
1
.
There was a sudden whir, or any like

sound, not loud; jou,
properly, to rub between the hands.
Hard and
soft
Bone and flesh;
jo
morally, firm and yielding.

also, fig. of
near relationship, but then ku*.
ju, if; like as; also, in accordance with.
1
1
iD US JM ^J^
gg
ch'iang ju
Of management
3
To
of private affairs, satisfactory
also, of health,
good.
on a buyer ; to force one's things into a house to

an object into a hole that is too small for it. Note
3
3
ch'iang becomes ch'iang* before ju
force wares
force
Pa
c 't<u
3U
To go out and come
in
hence, expenditure and revenue
judicial sentences, ch'u, lenient, JM, severe.
also, in
444
ERH
Tztr
138.
jiiAin, soft.
H jua
|3g
139. 3S|
./"*.
........
jo
blessings
^ 1lal J'" 3
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
Soft and weakly
iS
^ /wtan^jui
feeble.
prosperity.
........ ^
.......
<$5
[JUAN-KANG.]
stamens an(*
Prosperous condition,
a flower.
pistil
of a State.
sc.,
140. fUj jwi, moistened.
JH j$ jun
141.
........
fe
j"-.7, anciently, the

2
31 91 jut?
2
|| ig j""? moo
3
142.
Brilliant,
corttge, etc.
of virtue, ability, etc.
Down
tee" also tst*.
as distinguished
etc.,
.., as
damp;
of birds' feathers
from that of
trees.
oftener used of externals, but also
4
4
yao also read yo
the shorter hair of camels, etc.
ka, the ca in cachinnation.
tijfc.
<L
H5 6$
ff
"5 î a3
P$
^?
$t
143. ~fc
soft, slightly
beauty of flowers, plants,
.......
.......
yoo*
[Of weather]
/.'",
-Jf
'
l8fc
|^
k1 J^"4
k" 1 k* 1
>r
2
^"a3 ***
***
S^
^5
ch'ia,
e** 1 ***
**
te"4
A roar of laughter.
^
P^ ay a *
>
fco-VA is a
cross-grained fellow
-A-
'
rfc
kaU
wooden
ball struck
not sympathetic
with a
stick.
a strong term of abuse.
Cry
of a hen laying.
An
inland Customs station or frontier guard house; also read
a post in a pass.
........
i'a 1
...
......
......
ittre
ch'ia? or k'a?.
144. ifc
/'"',
|g -^
jjjr
{g|
^t HE
145.
to change.
foti
^
itt
fc
t oi3
fcan, to see
JJ 0J
pfjlj
....... To
........ To
....... To
(Aien*
hard
1
^J
PH
W ^ k""?
ianjc
''
hardness
te'ai
Pjlj
i iS ?
g^
probably.
sc.,
a gate, a shop,
u3
Note
etc.
3
fc'ams
nearly k'ang' before
fc'ai
3
.
bitter.
go after; to pursue.
to look at.
tao 1 i'are3
/atJi'/,
good or eviL
AbiUties.
fare1 shou3
^ ^ fan*
148.
or closed
Sweet and
cAui few3
3f 3p
generally
Liberal; large-hearted.
........
........ To
........
k'u3
ts'af kan*
'
g-
147.
laws, fashions, etc., for
open.
146. "fr han, sweet.
j|J
sc.,
general outline
........ Open
.......
V
^ ten
H
^^
rightly to be.
change,
i'ai 1 i>i4
'
t$
yiew*
î*
k'ai, to
p)
Ought
farej
3
fait
'
........
........ To
........ A
Cat- kang4
***
rA
strike with a sword.

see.
also, firm.
.......
fcl7lS|2
^V
keep guard over.
.....
.....
.......
Just
now ; just then. It is thought by some that this character

corruptly used for Jj$ (chiang').
Only just;
exactly.
A rise in the level of ground.

To
is
Note
S'w 3
becomes
t'
carry a bier ; vulgarly, to dispute, to argue angrily.
before kang 3 .
THE TONE EXERCISES.
PART vn.
[K'ANG-K'ENG.]
445
149. ffi k'ang, a stove-bed.

jjjg
1
k'ang chien*
Jl
h' an 9
]H
''a*
At
ease in
To
carry, as luggage on the shoulder, k'ang ; with poles between
3
3
k'ang k'ai
>)|J
huo 3
jfc
?U Q kao
ti
two
See under 145.
The stove-bed of brick used
k'ang*
150. "tf kao, to tell
in vigorous health.
t'ai; or, generally, of porterage.
men,
|||| fjlj
mind and
in the north of China.
to.
High and low
the height of
also, of persons, difference
of degree
or ability.
^ Kl kao
^f
151.
3
4
â
alf
J|
To inform
fat3
k'ao
"H"
Official
****
The
k'ao 3 ch'a?
IS ft ^
papers
the correspondence, archives, of an
to tell to
su alone
is,
'
'c
etc.
os coxendicis.
To examine
office.
properly, to complain.
examine, as candidates for degree, for employment in clerkships,
k'ao, to
3?
an1
To depend
to search.
on a friend, or a subordinate on a superior
on, as a friend
authority.
152. $)} kei, properly chi, to give

1$. J$t
153.
To
properly
5^lJ k'ei,
$B
hence, to and for.
San(f faP
k'ei
$\\ $$[
154.
sou
k'e,
to engrave
issue, as grain,
clothes, etc., to the poor,
money,
only pronounced as here in
To annoy
pay
to troops, etc.
k'ei sou.
to act vexatiously to.
ken, root.
ken 1 pen3
jjg 2jC
The very beginning, fans
man
et
origo ; the cradle of a race
the origin of a case

tree below, pen, above, the soil.
of a
lU
1
2
PJJ tou ken
J^ ^j
ken* kua*
The "chaff"
of mountebanks, strolling story-tellers, etc.
The symbol
or diagram
Mn ;
the family
ken, properly, the root of a
the seventh of the
pa
kua, eight dia-
grams, which may be called the categorical indices of Chinese
philosophy
155.
"|=f
wish
k'en, to
1=f
^P
"If
k'en
ken, generally indicative of immobility
stable.
to choose.
3
pu* k'en
Will you
? lit.,
will
you or won't you? but, in
effect,
not so
strong.
Jjl -^p
156.
J5
keng,
||f
JE
H
157.
Jtfl]
jj
ill
more
keng
~P
ta
JJ keng
k'eng, a
$j
3
Jcai
4
to
bundle of anything that one requires both hands to
to change.
^"S"
To change
3
fe
Aoy
hollow
3
k'eng k'an
1
J/L
i 2 k'en* tzti
More
;
a ditch
to alter.
raised footpath left

;
by the
side of a
a greater number or quantity.
pit.
A dip in a road.
field.
encircle.
440
158.
ERH
TZtT
%r
each
ko, kt,
[KO-KUA.]
every.
.........
^frlfoyinfko- ........
ff ff
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
lo to 1
l
Elder brother.
an appearance ; ko, here in the

a
Copy-slips: ying, shadow; hence,
sense of lines laid down for guidance. The Chinese copy-slip
is in columns of characters separated by lines, and the student
traces the characters through a sheet of paper laid over the
copy-slip.
159.
&
&
f@
Pf
/,"<>,
&
1 *
r/ii
ko 4
<*"*
**
>rh
to be able
what the termination bUis

{*
14
|jf
|gf
flR ?
[
Cot?
shut 4
i'o
fc'o'
î
?g pin
k'o
1
Ig ion
>J,
JpJ
cA'ii
52,
Jff J$J
Jg,
161-
chu lou
tsu 2 kou.4
PP
jjj|
t'ou 4 t'ou 2
162. ~$j ku, ancient.
^.
g-
jg
jjjj
[B]
ku 1
liao*
lu
^ iu
jlj
163.
t'ou
how many ?
chin1
Mm,1
nod with
sleep.
and
thirst.
ei
1
.
........
........
kou, large and artificial

the drains of a city.
Ditches
You young dog
(To a child)
ch'ii,
small waterways
-^ Vu
ku 4
k'u3
tea
164. JER k\ui, gourd.

JK.
fc'"*
tol tu<l3
generally,
(not abusive).
Pigs and dogs, said of dirty people
also,
M.=domestic animals
in
general
Sufficient.
'*a
.....
To work
........
........ To
through with the
a hole
finger.
Note
^w3
liao
enclitic,
lo*.
nearly
Altercation.
........ To
........ A
........
........
knock the head on the ground
estimate, as cost,
bone
amount of
to kotow.
materials.
Observe ku, properly ku 3
one's bones.
4
3
properly t'ou here t'ow
Ancient and modern
in past times
and at present.
Stable, sound, strong, as a city wall, a ship, etc.
........
........
Sweet and
bitter
also, fig. of one's lot in life.
Trowsers.
........
........ Many
....... To
iwa 4
k'u, bitter.
^ ^ <-wn
much
with adjectives and in attributive constructions,
in Latin.
........
k<oul P' 4
t'ou 3 she 2
mouth.
k'ou, the
fll fiS
a certain number
........ To
........ To
........ Hunger
........ A
Asioo 8 iou2 V/i
f}^|
Some
guest.
160. :$} /-OH, a dog.

J5|
is
oneself.
kotow.
S
*'
-By
........
be right
to
k'e,
Gourds and
fruit
and few
collective of such productions.
how many ?
the
number
suspend, be suspended, in space.
of.
here ku'
t'ou
PART vn.
[K'UA-K'UEI.]
THE TONE EXERCISES.
447
165. i^jF k'ua, to bestride.
166.
Hf
1
1
3JJ k'ua chiang
To
3
~P k'ua
tzfl,
$|
jig
ma?
To
k'ua*
kuai, singular
*n
5H kuai chang
3J
strange
Note ch'iang' properly ch'iang 3
praise, oneself or another.
person remarkable for country accent, unfashionable dress,
same
ride with both legs on the
etc.
side.
monstrous.
Of
own
a person with ways of his
one who does not get on well
with others.
ktiai 3 p'ien*
IS
To do one out
of anything
to beguile (as kidnappers) children,
slaves, etc.
U
167.
*fcfe
k'uai*
kuan, an
jlj
^
â
kuan
2
to"
'fll
man*
li
Jfs
Jj=|
kuan*
;
J|
is elliptical.
Note that k'uai, properly k'uai 3 , becomes

and that the second yang is atonic.
Quick and slow ; the speed
of.
An
the same thing as kuan.
official
To manage
yuan meaning
to take care of.
practised in
Larger and smaller items
Note kuan 3 becomes kuan'
to be expert at
Wide and narrow
K yu
before
li
3
.
to be well used to.
the breadth
;
of.
expenditure.
brightness.
ta*
kuang*
Bright; intelligent.
Extensive.
To
stroll
to exercise
to travel, as a tourist.
k'uang, moreover.
1
To humbug
Arrogant and wrong-doing; said of persons in high
k'uang p'ien*
|i |jj
6:
IS k'uang wang*
J51
3
k'uang* ch'ieh
jJjIi
scratch an itching.
k'uai' before yang 3 ,
k'uan 3 hsiang*
kuang
~fc
j$i|
172.
The sentence
roomy.
HJ kuang ming
5ft
To
To be
$L
wonder
k'uan 1 chafi
170. 5fe kuang, lustre
171.
No
official.
k'uan, wide
....
kuan1 yuan2
fjH jB|
169.
k'wai2 yang3 yang
^H
*jji
strange
k'uai, quick.
tH i8
168.
Not
Jj| fatai* too*
II
to cheat
to swindle.
station.
Moreover ; in addition.
kuei, a pair of compasses.
^ ^g
kuei 1 chii*
3
kuei cha*
|d f
^fj
^ fu*
Proper custom or conduct;

Artful
Rich
kuei*
lit.,
compasses and rule, but then
chii
3
.
deceitful.
lit.,
rich
and honourable.
173. t%, k'uei, to be ashamed.
jg
H fa
k'uei1 ch'ien*
-
k'uefi
k'uei
hua 1
lei
To be
The
in debt.
sunflower.
marionette
lei 3 ,
ts'an* k'uei*
Shame.
lit.,
an ugly doll.
Note k'uei3 becomes
k'vti* before
TZU ERH CHI.
448
174.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
[KUEN-LAN.]
/!<', kun, a staff
$d
ffl
1
SS /a" iufo*
81 ~f %$
Topsy-turvy, like things in a pot of boiling water.
kitln* tot jxiJi^'
~fr
fcsS
175. @ij /,"'(), k'un, one of the eight

jty
jfj[
[je]
[S3
A-'id'/i
km.
Sticks and staves, such as children might use in play, or ruffians

in a foxy.
See under 154,
Mi.
Earth, or terrestrial matter ; the female principle, as distinct from

the male,
i'u&i8
'"
/<>
Whatever belongs
woman; used
to
often like our phrase the
SK;
also, as feminineness.
;.
176.
H/
H. kung,
Vufa*
Tired and sleepy.
labour.
1
Labour
,1 3$ kung fn
3
IS c^" kung
'
JH dt
kung
t'ung
also,
the time
it
occupies ; hence, leisure.
Gold mines.
The whole of any thing or number.
177. -?L k'ung, hollow.
^ ^ k'ung
^ JL
g3
178.
5;2
Cleaned out; empty.
k'ung
hsuti2 k'ung*
The
cavities of the face, eyes, ears, nostrils, etc.
With nothing
to
do ;
the face generally.
leisure.
kuo, fruit.
^:
'1
k^" 1
-A-
chia 1
The State
H ^
J:no-
gjj.
chith- kuc?
j&
k Ho 4
c/i'
pan
The
to
cook rice
;
fruit is
To pass
lit.,
in.
State-femily.
formed;
also, fig.
of a result; also, ne plus ultra.
by.
k'uo, wide.
^ Wln 1
E^
5
180.
hsii,
"'<.'*
IS $k /rt
179.
fe
/",
'
Extensive
e.g.,
as a country.
draw; to drag.
to
}lt
k'uo*
'"-
1
(
'''^
To
sc., a person
also, fig., to implicate
ship of someone with one's relation;
drag,
also, of
q.d.,
the relation-
such a person
dragged into relationship.

t'a*
l'-i-
Slovenly in dress
in business, the opposite of

ffi
prompt, decided.
A trumpet.
?pa}
cAu2
te 4
181.
$J
5J5
$
182.
$$
'f""
rft'ii
"
!
18
wax
candle
but used of
all candles.
come.
lai, to
Properly, a
'"'
To come and
To
go.
rely on.
^, idle.
J M sau
i
1
||C<m Zin
1
Jfc
tS If
"
JKW!'-
:1
'<>
Dawdling;
itfc,
of hair dishevelled.
Covetous.
Idle.
Properly, bright, as fire-light; variegated in colour.
(W
lo
),
PART vn.
[LANG-LIANG.]
183.
THE TONE EXERCISES.
lang, a wave.
JpJ.
^
3H
ffifi
ping lang
ling*
J$
The
hu3
betel or areca nut.
Wolves and
%M
fo'*' 1 ?
lanf
jg ô fcmj
jjfc
Bright
tigers
atonic
is
184.
449
when
unblemished
fig.
of ravenous appetite or gluttony,
ku
also, fig. of temerity.
as fine jeweller's work.
e.g.,
Waves.
too, old.
i
ta? â
To
fish up, or try to fish up,
out of water, whether person or thing,
visible or invisible.
^^
185.
lac? k'u 3
3?
ijj lao
ijL
Fatigue, bodily rather than mental.
Old and young.
yu*
lao 4
han 4
Drought and inundation.
(also lei, see
If'
1||j
under
186), originally, a bit
it
has other meanings, but
is
not used
colloquially except in combination with a verb, as here.

3Hf
?t
'6
so 3
To "squeeze;"
^m&wmÛ
186.
jf? 161, lei, to
j||fr
Ê
r
187.
jg
|J
Tfr
i^
*&
lei
fci
'e *
rejoice, to
To
strangle.
make merry,
Thunder and
Time
tz'a*
sw2
To
to extort anything
from
U' more commonly U'.
as a large party together.
to embarrass.
fiere
hi 3
'
entangle
ssil
lightning.
after time.
One's relatives
q.d.,
the whole tribe.
le"g, cold.
^^
2
chio 4
leng
edge and corner ;
J/it.,
of
tfi
?jf
^, ^ n f 3*
t
fal
Cold and hot
To be absent
ting*
fig. for
extremity,
q.d.,
nothing to lay hold
3
chio also chiao .
;
temperature.
to stare idiot-like
to be taken aback.
188. OJL H, to stand upright.
^L
3^|
ft (P/^*
189.
jjj*
${
-f[_
fiff I'm,
chan 4
li
^ aS
Politeness
To stand
Two
sal
properly IV.
members
of a family dispersed.
manners.
up, as persons.
or three.
the Chinese ounce.
jjt
?S
^ Hang
Jj-
thong Hang
yiian
To
consult together.
Cool and hot.
jo
chin1 liang3
2
|^
vulgar for Hang, two.
P^ Hang,
jjijf
Separated, as
'*'
4
3
|^ U mao
1f
190.
Glass
Catties
4
Imng
and ounces.
To pardon.
57
450
191.
TZtT
H<n>, to
"]f
~p 0j
$
192.
JJ5J-
Zioo
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
[LIAO-LO.]
end; to complete.
wit 2
Jpp
|jft
ERH
f ioo
's'at
tuan
liao4
without resource.
In despair
To decide
definitely, as
it(.,
Materials;
e.y.,
a case in court
the decision of a case.
building materials.
WeA, arrayed in order.

4
JH
An
lieh 1
PJJ ;*
about
j}|j
Vj\
hsia 1 lieh* lieh2
ffl
common
interjection,
Whining
of small children
phasise the
DJJ Dj|
tsui
pai
To
lieh*
all
grown-up people, maudlin, as of the

N.B. Emalso, to talk nonsense.
first lieh.
To draw down the

contempt or
fj^ JlJ
in
man
speech of a drunken
lidi
end of a sentence, = that's
at the
it.
corners of the
Note
hostility.
array at given distances
e.g.,
mouth
in a
way
indicative of
lieh nearly lieh 3 .
a rank of
soldiers.
193. all lien, to unite.
^ Jl Hen
^
194.
hri*
To
linl fel
3fc
dm4
J|J
ft 3~
II fanf
to couple.
face.
practise; practised in.
a forest; a grove.
& fe
lin 2
*'* 3 lai z
Began
to drizzle.
A forest.
tzti,
Tne cross-beams
lin3
tsu 1 lin*
To
hire [a
of a roof.
room or
house].
ling, additional.
-jft
^$
4
ling- *ui
SI
flS ''"y
fft
%\> ling*
196. 5^-
hsiu 4
Fragments
mou2
ij$.
odds and ends.
See under 120, hnv.
wai*
Separately; additionally.
to lay out ground,
lio, originally,
197.
H^
Ifl.
195.
To compassionate.
The
lien,
$fc
mien*
lien
lin,
coupled
Jg jg
^C
United
shcmg
ht it*
lien
<(J|
iio*
e.g.,
in fields.
See luek (202), luo (204).
Strategical combinations
plan of a campaign.
Hu, to detain; to keep.
îef
jg
^J"
J|
/in 1 to
s/wit
To
liu2
stroll
To take
to atonic.
in,
to give hospitality to, a person for a certain
of time.
HI
$fl
-fc
198.
?o,
3%
5$
S
yanf KM
The willow.
tvu 3 liu4
Five or
a mule.
^
,B|
tt
/o
|$ I*'"'
ft
six.
|g
/'<'
-f"
^"'-i
Co 2
*' i3
<
û
I*..'.
To tuck up the
Mules and
horses.
Stark naked.
camel.
sleeves.
length
199.
lou,
|j[
Ill
HI
spirit or
mean, in
&
^H
}fj
THE TONE EXERCISES.
PART vn.
[LOU-LUN.]
'"
=8;
shany
appearance
451
used only in combination.
To hold up the
skirts of one's long dress.
lou* fang*
A house with an
chiu 3 low 3
Wine
baskets
upper story.
large wicker bottles lined with oiled paper.
Note
chiu 3 does not here become chiu'.

ia'|>
200. |fl
PjS
1*
JH ,^
fjjj
201.
$H
fife
202. @
lii
?fc hi
$9)
Several times
H*
Statutes and minor enactments.
HH
Han* or
See
liio.
hard
lu,
etc.
cling affectionately to family,
to say
From
when
home,
this character
is
friends, etc.
pronounced
lileh
and
from indifference
carelessness,
....
whirl round.
shih
Whirling madly round,
Soaked with
tztt
See
lio (196)
and lueh
ta* liio*
fc %$
Djjjj
It is
lueh*
z
liiri
liin
205.
lio (196).
1
ffi huen* lun
$; g|
&
To
liien*
repeatedly.
luo.
liln, to
-jfflj
JH
204.
tz'it*
wtn, aS'ection for one's family, birthplace,
mi hu
Asses and horses.
Hi*
when
203.
Mean-spirited; vulgar-minded; ungentlemanlike in conduct.
ma3
lueh.
u*
a statute.
lil,
sc.,
staff or the like.
See under 194, lin.
rain.
word meaning a
characterless
weal.
(202).
General outline.
a road.
5U
^t1 lu1
bunch of grapes,
cash, fish, etc.
a sound like turrh, of
common
occurrence in Mongolian; hence, applied to thick guttural

speech of any man.
j^
2
'$_ lu tsao*
jjjti
fH
jjj|
$f! j|l
fire.
The
too 4 lu*
Roads and ways.
hum, confused;
206. ff[
kitchen
ch'uan 2 lus
commonly
called a
"
yuloh."
disorderly.
Of things jumbled
luan*
tsa?
stern paddle of a junk,
together.
207. Jim lun, to speak of; to discuss a matter.
S? t&
TliB
I
'
ch'e
lun 2
2
3
^] KU hu lun
M.
$fc urn
lun*
The wheel of a
cart.
gross, without distinction of quality

fruit whole ; commonly hu" lun.
In the
Not
to speak of
of bolting
down
= setting apart something already spoken of.
452
208.
TZtt
HO
ERH
CHI.
-COLLOQUIAL
H J&
$]
3
lung* hu* pang
ffi
'""0
'
hu 4 lung* chip
J|j
.....
........
:!
3b 58
.....
hole.
The published
The
4H
'1
mal
*^ 1
7JC
>Bj
^C wa3
^J"
ma mu
2
to
!j|
-iva
nearly wo?.
Of any thing
or affair
managed
;
which seems
as to be worthless
chit,
all right,
:
but has been so made
hu' lung, to take in by words
properly, a chess-board.
........ Daddy
........
........ A
........
and mammy.
Nunib, as a foot asleep, a paralytic limb.
ntanl
mo. 4
saddle.
Blows and curses
....... To
....... To buy
........
2
Jf (san^ mat
J|
1
5| sAou
li
Treat
abuse.
man,
slow.
7Jwin
J/
"3 TOan2
?^ /t?>1 ? man3
$t
man*
hurried
ft mang,
4jr
.......
.......
.......
.......
han 1
k'uai*
fc
1
$i P a ^ man9 mang
^^
chi z
mang
lii?
....
.......
.......
mang*
3
Dilatory
(chien chiieh), to decide promptly,
Close, as the opposite of talkative, outspoken.
Abundant,
sc.,
as a dinner
Quick and slow
The
the speed
feng
teu, plentiful, as
a year.
of.
brightness of a large sheet of water.
Lesson XCI, Note
Haste (not hurry)
own
hao hao, Part V,
without loss of time.

;
applied
by an ancient philosopher
carelessness as a farmer.
mang
Cf.
4.
In a rough-and-tumble style
before
Observe lu 3 nearly lu 2
3
.
hair.
........
ffl^yifmcup ........
moo
......
mao .......
ma
fc>*
f$i
?(JI
J)|]
^|J
40
$fa haiang*
k't*
214. =%; mei, beautiful (of
<nt* fan*
=3t
^,
""
St
B^C
''"
j^
$k
the opposite of f
summarily.
to his
% mno,
se^ or ex P ose to sa^ e -
hasty.
l
}?:
things brought to one for sale.
For sa^ e
W
&
bury.
ma **
fal
IS iS
213.
Note
niai, to buy.
JH
$jfj
212.
or placard, of
run, the horse.
iBj)
roll,
tigers.
or furrows between the tiles of a roof.
lines
or deeds
211.
of passed graduates ; lit, the

3
See note on hu (102).
list
dragons and
or
210.
[LUNG-MEL ]
lung, the dragon.
209.
SERIES.
'''
mM>t
n!***
'
Cats and dogs

Feathers
The
lit.,
in such phrases as
feathers
and
what a noise they make,
etc.
hair.
fourth of the 12 two-hour periods of the Chinese day; say,

5 to 7 A.M.
Appearance of the face ; the countenance.
woman's beauty).
........
...... Handsome
........
Coal and charcoal.

countenance (of a woman).
Stupid ; used of one's own humble opinion.
PART
[MEN-MIU.]
THE TONE
vii.
453
i:\i:i;cisr.s.
i
215.
HH
PJ m&n, a gate
.tint
VÂ
a door.
........
....... The
ff
Groping, as in the dark: men, to press the hand on; sun, to mem-
men* shan*
JJ!
it,
smoothing or patting the
object.
leaf of a door.
Sad:
i/u,
grief ; roe,joylcssness.
216. i|r meto<7, a dream.
HT
*
.te/i,
gg
2/
" 1? 3
Uao
ch'ii
.....
mV .......
....... Ardour
....... To
m^W3
"?
/?
B* 01 5B m*
wn fcM
$
^W
\if
^
218.
"|^f
7
1
yew
.....
EyeS
fjji
>]\
lose>
hsiao
^ miao*
yil
as
we
who has
say, bread.
word or deed
of cats.
The young blade of corn.

Small; of insignificant dimension; used contemptuously or not.
Observe miao 3 nearly miao' before hsiao 3
.
Temples
in general
1
;
yii
properly
yil
mich, to extinguish.
$JJX
iao*
>AC
.......
The baa-ing of sheep.
To extinguish a
light or a
fire.
220. jlj mien, the face.
II 7
miera2
^7 mienS
It Hi fe
221.
^ miw,
hual
li
.......
........ To
....... The
Cotton.
exert oneself.
face.
the people, as distinct from the Government.
KA
TO "'
$|
lien*
'|f{j
min3
........
........ To
The people; one of the

feel pity
lien,
Ml
people, as distinct from the Bannern ten.
(see lien',
nnder 193)
is
to
222. ^f$ ming, a name.
223.
^4
>f4
^T hsing* ming*
fp
h-iing*
minf
.......
.......
Name
Life
and surname.
as in the phrase, cases of
life
and death,
etc.
miw, perverse.
g mm
pi
wang*
lost
etc.
........
.......
........
mioo 2
mmo
Note yung 3 nearly yung' before
nearly closed by nature.
1
"S $j IS "4 ""ao miao 1 it uwto 1 chiao* The mewing
2
IS" ô
to man.
off.
in general
''"'S
1
4
g? cW mi
^
J$j
in fight, in
study, etc.
Blindness of a vicious mind; aU

abroad, as a person
his way.
*3
husk
miao, the young blade of corn,
"If
219.
J-EI
........
........ Food
........ c ^
dream.
217. 7(C mi, rice with the

1
^^
To mate away
to gwindle out of
To bind oneself by an oath, to Heaven or
.......
Atrocious and wrong;
e.g.,
aspirations or actions.
show
pity.
TZO ERH CHI.
4J4
mo
224. ?
tMC en d or
'
~^,
JjJL
"jjf
t
j@f
mo 1 pu 4
mo* ku
Jj;
in
pft
^ mu,
jn
227.
to find or discover (mo', to grope for).
beginning to end (of a story).
lay plans, for good or for evil.
........
........
mu* ........
m " V "?4
4
m s
$}: /
3
pfc ts'ao
81
Jg
5|5
||
3$
>i<;
Plants and trees
'sai
cft^
VA. iui
l
.
Here
fco*
........ To
......... Which
.........
2
Atfc
Jj
j^f
f&
Og
g
^ na
z
(sai
mu'
alone,
a mould.
Note na, simply an
expletive.
thief.
Which?
one?
Note K 3
there.
also in
na 3
in li-t'ou; but in na'-li, there, nearly
na 3 -li, where?
na consequently remain-
the ktter
nan*
fit
nang
nang
tai*
4
'"w* 1 *
y*
........
........
Putting up with the fortunes of the hour.
The babbling of a person
Men and women
in
a dream.
politely said of persons of both sexes suffering
by any general calamity.

Calamity. Note nan, difficult, read nan'.
a purse.
........
........
*
^
* ......
T -~ 7} -f tMn
HI A ~f 1Mn^ P*
HI
Cow's milk,
man.
' 11
a bag
| nang,
Bgp
male
tlie
B6
........
........
nt*
not 4
fl|
fi
That place;
?t
)ii
JJ uon,
R3
milk.
-/!/.
i$. ffi
231.
or things
the vegetable kingdom.
in this place.
seize
ing
230.
men
Father and mother.
Zt 4 ;
229.
So-and-so.
Style, appearance, of
tsset-
f[U
JU J^ nt
$#
na, the demonstrative pronoun that.
2fl$
j(
228.
man
certain
tree.
2
fail
a plan.
........ To
........ A
mou
A mou
:*j
226.
f'
|j
To
blot out a character.
4
i
to plot;
wow,
225. |S
.....
mushroom.
:i
*'"'''
[MO-NAO.]
tip-
chao-
........ A
........ To
........ From
mo3
t'u-
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
liao
tao1
fafl
fe
To mumble
money bag
to talk indistinctly
or purse
To have run a knife
to babble, as a baby.
hung from the waist.
into [a man].
Note
liao enclitic.
Applied to the sound of a voice, a nasal twang, or voice impeded

by a cold.
nao, properly, noise of voices very commonly, to be angry also, of things that should
not happen, to happen; as we say, war, plague, or less matters, broke out.
;
nao 1 cho
""02 V>'
"oo"
4
jo nao
4
........
........
........
........
Fingering
fiddling with.
Cymbals, groat and small.

In great trouble.
Noisy, bustling, as a
fair,
street, etc.
232.
$|>
Wk
jjffc
|fl?
ts'av*
'
8!
Ill
3J|
g|
/i!
t'
|? jg
native and foreigner.
starvation).
the bones and flesh of a young child are nen.
tender, of meat,
young
plants.
Capacity
* rn
^n9*
Tne
5|!
H|
u3
ability.
roacls a* 6 sticky.
iwfc
Dirt, as on a travel-soiled dress, in
To suggest
2
ts'ang
To hide
ni*
mother
2/(6?i.
in the plural,
an unclean room,
etc.
to propose for, or after, deliberation.
(act.
and neut.) with
evil intent.
women.
niang
Daddy and mammy.

Brewing up, as
niang*
for
a storm
fermenting, as liquor.
niao, a bird.
,(|/
=ft
Iffi PJJ-
fi'Sf
ft W( H ^ a
|j
^
j|Jj
|p ip
niao 1 niao 1
sh
nieh
chiao* Cats' mewing.
Filth
To mould,
Loutish
tsui* nieh*
The
nien hua
to
3
g| nien
dung and
lit.,
nieh 2 tai 1
remember
2
if _J nien yiieh*
jjfc
urine.
fingers.
nung*
72
moo 1
Birds and beasts.
work with the
nien, to think of
ft?
ti
^*3 ^w104
w>/t, to
Jfi
i^
236. $J| niang, a
239.
young sprouts
Tough and
ning
tao
*v *
'
238.
inner and outer
ni, thou.
$B
237.
Cold and hunger (approaching
veng, to be able.
*E 51 $t
ftft
Within and without

3
nen*
lo-o*
%
235.
iiei
nen, tender, as meat,
3%
ftl>
nei* wai*
tung*
$j|
234.
455
pfy nei, inside.

f^J
233.
THE TONE EXERCISES.
PART vu.
[NEI-NING.]
to knead, as dough.
stupid in appearance.
retribution of sin done in a previous existence=ill-fortune.
also, to read.
To pick
flowers.
Years and months.
The
fei?
as clay
Nien-fei,
lit.
Filchers, a banditti
Shantung and Honan.

because followed by fei 3
of
who
infested
the borders
Observe the nien 3 nearly nien'
^
240.
To
the Buddhist priest his books.
recite, as
nin, in Peking a polite form of the second person.
^
241.
fli nien* sung*
nin 2 na*
The same
ji|
as nin.
written J|L, but being the second in

ning, tranquih'ty. This character was properly
MIEN NING, the name of the Emperor the style of whose reign was Tao Kuang, was
altered as the law requires.
^ an
3$) jj|
tt
ning
ning
ning*
is
also admissible.
In a state of peace.
Inwi*
on
The form below
To
spoil
by
A specious,
fiddling with or wrenching.

glib talker;
lit.,
an eloquent mouth, =a smooth tor
TZD ERH CHI.
4jG
242.
|H poo
Passionate and tyrannical
nio*
tyranny.
niu, the ox.
^-
IJj-
HiM 1 'rh
,Bj
$\
$$
One's
" "2
w^3
s
)iiu
fo
'
^JJ
244.
[NIO-OU.]
unnicaL
V
j
243.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
~%> i
Pu k *
move from one

"o ^
no, to
JJP
'{ft!
^
if
one's cattle.
k'ou-tzti,
are, strictly,
flat
buttons
niu-tzii, round.
There
no bringing him round or over.
is
place to another.
"
horses
Buttons of a Chinese dress
"*w4
2j
little girl.
Oxen and
To
shift one's residence
Imbecile
of
officials, to
misapply public money.
of no ability.
l-
245. fjf nou, to weed.

yjfy
246.
1
4
Mug 7wm
Jjp
^C MI
249. ^5t
^Ji
1^1
a slave
"
2
!
f'"
'
250.
$$
252.
/isi
A slave
To
tH
^ J*"
2
3
^ Cjm
also read
ch'dng) uneven.
etc.
nang
huo*.
See nen 4 under 233.
fp
(Of colours) deep and
faint.
To busy
MMV*
'*'
s/ioft
Mng1
o4
254. fpj on, n 'Jou, properly,
1 1 ft "'
'"
::
oneself about, as one's garden, etc.

to fiddle with.
To give an
also, to
meddle with,
o of assent.
Error, in reporting, copying, etc.
Virtue and vice
c'1 '*
the virtuous and the vicious.
an image; hence, of times concurring; accidentally.

To
beat.
Accidentally
?..\
H sK OM
to deceive [people].
JJ$
H^
Warm
tan4
nwngr
n, "'jo,
fffe
also, one's servants.
of liquids, thick; especially with reference to colours.
tig
See wen (233).
?oo 3 nwra4.
jf|
iK
one's slaves in general
exert oneself.
Temper /
2
3
ft nuan ho
wife.
women.
alone, not applied to
u4
"^ nung,
253. gft
when
/i'
nun.
fg
agricultural operations.
man and woman; husband and
i)(?i (also nan), warm, as weather, clothes, room,
t^
Bjj
251.
$*;fa""
^Sgt
weed
Male and female
ftti
S-
to
See uio (242).
niio.
'/iw,
and
See nio (242).
247. j|| vu'Wt.
till
woman.
^ ^ ruM*
248.
To
To provoke
q.d., it
man
causes] wrath.
occurred thus.
to anger
by
one's
words ;
lit.,
to spit [that
which
THE TONE EXERCISES.
PART vn.
[PA-PANG.]
457
255. |fg pa, to cause to cease.
A
$1
tC
JL
*'*
ffi
-j^p
c'i/"'
P"2
Eight or nine.
P al
To
2
P aS c&'ih
prefer, or give
a chance
To engross power,
to,
man
one
There
business.
before another.
is
another
expression for
usurpation of high authority.
liao
~f pa*
It is
ended ;
that
or,
is all
about
it.
256. ffi p'a, to fear.

!/\ 1* P' al hsia
}A
2?.
257.
P' a
To
fat "
To
'**
To
|Q k'ung p'a*
pni, to salute
jjif
M
^
pai
k'ai
1
3 hei
|J
ffi ?
258. fyt
hence, to
!6'
fear.
Black and white.
as an apple, etc.
See under 97.
See under 192.
To
to distribute; hence, very

'
go down on one's hands and knees.
to
imb U P a mast or P
To break open with the two hands,
pai* k'o*
?'***
visit.
lieh*
pat*
i>'<u,
t& ff
pai
crouch, as a dog
visit a
person
commonly,
the paying of
visits.
send on a mission or errand.
to
To tap with the hand, somewhat hard e.g., a box, to see whether it
is full or empty
a dress, to shake the dust out of it ta atonic.
A wooden board or tablet, such as is carried in processions.
;
7[C j{^
&
p'afi
US $&
^ P'^
hv? p'afi hsia
Popped himself down
said of an ill-bred person
who
takes a seat
uninvited.
^
259.
JSt
To send
fin p'ai*
in different directions
to apportion duties to different
persons.
pan, the
||
^
H3
)
lun
half.
pan
To
See pan, Part
serve in turn.
Small boards or pieces of wood
pan? p'ien*
III, 414.
;
e.g.,
the blocks cut for Chinese
printing.
cUnf pan*
The whole and the
half.
260. |/^ i>'<m, to look for anxiously.

^fjjj
3p
faio
p'an
(Modestly) I have the honour of his acquaintance p'an, in the

sense of drawing towards one, e.g., a branch one wants to
;
break
5=t
2
2
y'aw ch'a
To
|g p'an* wang*
kao p'an, I draw to
me
the lofty [branch].
guard at a gate, Customs barrier, etc.

a bowl, a bath, a receptacle. See Part III, Exercise
Obs.
gjj-
off:
search, as the
To look
p'an',
XV,
7,
4.
for; to
hope for;
sc.,
the coming of a person, a better state
of things, etc.
261. fg pung, to help.
%
$jfl
!fr
!$
P an 9
3
fc'we'i
ch u
pang
To
3
help.
To bind with
cords
k'un* before
f$$
hui 3 pang*
To backbite
men, animals, boxes,
pang
to ruin
etc.
Note k'uen 3 nearly
3
.
by censure, deserved or undeserved.
58
TZC ERH CHI.
458
262.
[p'ANG-P'EN.]
a house, etc.
/''</, the side of the person,
7^
9$
M l"u
5!>
2
i4 / an# p**7*
a finger.
Swollen, as the body, a liinb,
'''"/
"J
'
The
[Jjj
ffi
263.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
0$
,-h-i, to wrap up; to envelop; hence,
JE
kuo 3
;>ao
To wrap up pao
:
a cloth,
as in paper, in
singly, to wrap,
etc.
iwo,
to tie round, as the head with a handkerchief; the dissyllabic

kuo might be used of the former act, but of the latter,
pao
kuo
hou* pao 2
JfE
$|
ffi
H pao
alone.
Thick and thin
To succour
hu*
morally, of feelings, of intimacy.
own
to take care of person or property, one's
or
another's.
^g
264.
j^
h mi
.flj
i-
pao
To
an article.
carry in the bosom, as a child,
To
fling
>(>, to run.
ao- ktia
|g
|g.
$L
Jlfa
p'ao*
JM HI P'
t-o
PW,
worn
out, useless
also,
money, goods.
as a prisoner, a dog, etc.
off,
Small arms and
JiU eh'iang p'ao*
is
the long under-garments, kua, the long outer ganuent.
To run
away anything that
artillery.
265. ^|j I'd, the north.
^^
pn
jg ^
Imang*
^
4
To
pei /it
iai
266.
po
]>'ei,
^5
ijfc
to bear
P' e i* i
2
267.
{^
p-ei
j^
p'ei* oti
to be
mate
To throw
To be mate
man9^
tt P
$ ien
^
pin
t'oii-
one's clothes
To be a comrade
of things, where
we speak
to.
i'n, the root of a tree above the ground.
jjfc
company;
pan*
P*f
ijtf
268.
rear, of the person, a house

efface, such as a clock, etc.
Front and
^C
South and north.

4
pei
IP]
carry on the back, as a child, a bundle.
to
See
Running about
to
on or ever one, not buttoning, tying,
etc.
to bear one company.
well-mated
said of a well-matched married couple.
Teen (154).
in haste, as a
man much
occupied.
See under 154.
To
ptn
fly to
a person or place for refuge; also, to put up
at,
as the
house of a friend.
p'en,
a bowl
1
"S %.
p'
a basin.
To spurt water out
s^'"
of the mouth, as over a floor to lay the dust,
over materials in certain tailoring operations, etc.; p'cn'
hu 1
a watering pot.
2
jj
;>'eii
kuan*
Earthenware;
lit.,
bowls and jars;
kuan
also,
meaning bucket.
Oft
.''
"'
^""i^
To
smell agreeably, as flowers, savoury dishes.
when
of wood,
TART
[PKNG-PIEH.]
269. j|
pevg, to
jump
$8
THE TONE EXERCISES.
VII.
to leap.
chin?
pi''"/
459
To
fasten tight, as the
head of a drum; ping used of any
tightening with cords, thongs,
^
xS
270.
!fe$
fe
Hfe
p?
/ao3 perejj 3 s/teny' cTra'
''ô
if;
271.
^-
xliou 3
fcit
W.
p'cng* P'
i$
pi,
jg
272.
ko p'eng
about, as a
Friends.
3
flea,
ko, to cut
lit.,
To break by
violent contact with
To
pi p'o*
press hard, duly or
unduly
Jg p? mo*
Pencils and ink
also, fig.,
ffi
>$ wu* pi*
Must
is
p?
skin
Features, face
^ P'^
P'i n 9
fc
moo 2
p'i
%%.
To
........
P'^ ku
M 3t P^
^ ^ piao
^ piao
w* n
hence, to
make
shul
p'iao
a
ini !8f p'i
^
H^ ?
^|j
j|lj
manifest
it.
collision.
(well or
ill
looking).
Often
um pi'.
li
official
See Part VI,
fire.
a ship or anything tossing about in water ;

now unseen.
To bleach
and hides respectively.
8.
Addicted to women and play
tail
ink).
Note piao 3 nearly
its lining.
fishes' entrails
eh'ien2 p'iao 1
document (with red
outer garment and
Of
p'iao pit
character, composition, etc.
hence, a watch.
TOO*
of,
q.d.,
now
profligacy in general.
cash note.
different.
1
pith men*
Sad, as a person under restraint of mind or body pith is indicative

of matter in a condition of repression e.g., as water in a hose,
;
pus in an abscess,
^']-
ll
B'l /''
To
P*"
^ ~F P^
niu
tsu
floating,
linen.
5h
Note
the breech.
2
piao' before
pieh, to separate
^ p^
p'eng, to fry
hobby.
Glue made from
274. 7J^ p'iao, originally, a gleam of
composition, literary merit.
sure to.
Chapter 30, Note
iH
a clam.
oftener, the latter.
to canvass the merits
Outside and inside
chiao 1
mouth and nose
To date and punctuate an
Ifi
Sji
hair or fur of an animal.
The buttocks
piao, the outside
lit.,
positively
criticise,
The
hao*
hide.
$t
Peking pang
must.
ft.
p'i,
in
etc.
up the meat
jj
in the palms of the two hands joined together.

shou 3 nearly shou*.
k'ou*
ping
See Part III, 636, 637.
Sjj-
,fi
275.
a dog,
1
;
To hold up
p'eng
4
^ # p'P
273.
necessary
jfi.
child in one's old age
properly, from circumstances.
Cookery
P'V yo
$j
To have a
lj
To jump
p'eng, a friend
Jj
nimil:ir
etc.
teti
etc.
distinguish, the distinction
A toothless person.
Stiff-necked
of,
one from another.
Note pieh 3 nearly pieh* before
not to be brought round.
tsui 3 .
460
276.
xztt
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
[P'IEH-P'ING.]
of changing the subject in con/;</, to sweep or brush aside with the hand; jig.
HJ
versation.
1
9^ P9 l''^
~f
jjg
277.
*1
fc'
p'ieh? liao
(See the line above.) This character

3
in the example of p'ieh
is
only another form of that
have rejected, put away, a friend, anything.

and read as la or lo ; p'ieh 3 consequently
Note
still
liad* enclitic,
3
p'ieh
/>ten, flat
^fjj
........
....... Round
.......
1
'i
\\}
I'?:
The edge
3/e
3
!/' tn2 pifi
JH
fiS
~}j
278.
.......
........ To
(g JE
a piece, as of wood, paper,
fU
^j
^f:
ching*
p' ien* i*
& IB
etc.;
.......
........
........
.......
p'ien
ai* p'ien3
flat.
Convenient.
fang picn*
^r p'ien,
along the edge.
and
p'ien* titan*
a clause, as distinct from a sentence.
Slanting and upright
Cheap.
Note
and impartial.
fig., partial
properly
i*.
Given to bragging; to parade one's
talents, feats, wealth, posi-
tion, etc.
Lit., clauses
is
and sentences, but = phraseology or composition which

See Part V, Lesson II, 2.
connected and complete.
279. ^ft pin, a guest.
i P"
^JS[
ck" 3
ll
5ft
........
....... To
Guest and
pin* tmng*
inter
280.
f|
host.
bury ; a funeral
pin, to carry and escort the coffin
tsang, to
it.
in, poor.
i>
.......
ming*
iSJ iSf p'"*
To expose
one's life recklessly; to stake one's existence against

that of another person; lit., to fling it away; p'in also read
p'an*.
in ~ tn'iung2.
Jt SI
l''
no $m
]>'in
!^J;
........
........
z chi 2
p'in*
See under 47.
Official
grade;
(Politely) the
lit.,
class
and
step.
male and female of animals
mu
ma, a
stallion
p'in
niu, a cow.
281.
ping, a soldier.
& ~f piny
282.
ting
fg
ping* poo*
^ fy
aM* ping*
JfL
$S
1
1
'"?
P'ang
f'ing" chii*
4
4$
''"?
*
c}lia
soldier
ting, properly,
an adult male, a male aged sixteen.
report or state to a superior; ping, ordinarily rendered petition;

pao, to announce, to give notice of.
In a bad way
to lean against; to rely
/>''">!/,
J''
....... A
....... To
.......
in very
bad
health.
on; hence, at the pleasure
.......
.......
.......
Of a crashing
noise of
any
of.
sort
e.g.,
of a
man
in a rage, a house
falling, etc.
Proof
q.d.,
To marry
what one leans on and bikes hold
one's daughter;
1
in
p'ing
Peking, p'in .
lit.,
of.
betrothal and [woman's] marriage;
PART
[PO-SAI.J
v.
283.
THE TONE EXERCISES.
VII.
461
>-
(K
wave of sea water or
po, a
?JC $fc
!f$
?fii
shui
po
The
chun 3 po 2
38;
po* chi
ripple of water.
authorise or disapprove a transaction or proposition " ttidally.
3
3
SI /$ po mi
fresh.
........
........ To
........ To winnow
........ A
or cleanse rice, as in a po'-chi.
Note po 3 nearly
po'.
shallow wicker scoop in which dust or dirt may be gathered,

grain winnowed, etc. it is some three inches high at the bock,
;
with sides sloping down to the
284.
break by
p'o, to
-
t'u
p'o
;Jjj[
Ip
fiaF
p'o
lo
collision,
by
letting
fall.
........ A mound
........ A
........
front.
or hillock of earth, natural or artificial.
shallow wicker basket
e.g.,
such as in the North carters feed
their teams out of.
jj{[
285. ~%*
286.
lolj p'ou,,
?5!i
*|j
287.
^>
this pronunciation of
pou ;
t"B
P <oul
3 k'ai 1
288.
"If"
iSfe
'pf
........
.......
Only
k'o
pu*
colloquial in the quotation
he
To
a grasping
is
official.
j* ^1
'fit
(p'ou k'o tnai wei),
(Mencius.)
open a melon or any large
rip
........
........ Not
....... To
........
I say
shih*
fruit.
no
to be so; not to be right; hence, a fault.
a vacancy.
fill
It is not admissible
you, he] ought not.
fl,
p'u, universal.
1
kai*
^ p'u
zgj
M. jg
JSf ~3. sa
"
Grapes
p'u pien*
J- p'u*
HJI Hit
tzti,
sai, to rival
{W
tjfe
tu
4 c'1 "1
sai*
*
y en3 sa
e âo
'
'
'
t'ao atonic.
very commonly written
loosen the hand
ne e y e
To
hsing* sa*
parts or all sides.
shop
........ To
^
^
........
........ He
4
$4 $H
s*i
all
shov?
so 3 sao
In
$j|.
to sprinkle.
^g i&
I9j
........
........
........
........ A
One's bedding.
t'ao
$Q ",
289. }Hi,
used in poetry.
not, is only
1
P uS ch'ileh
Ig |g p'u
290
no.
P ul
-^ pu?
^-'
|^ p'ou
^^w
f$J
pu
to pieces.
to rip open.
pu, not
Smashed
p'o* sui*
to let
called
SA
(a
and sweep
Manchu
to pit oneself or another against.
........ T
........ To
also, fig. of relaxing efforts.
su(ldenly lit on.
sprinkle with water

sa' before sao 3 .
is
go ;
06 chee^ 8
>
chia atonic.
compete with
to bet.
(a floor, etc.).
surname.)
Note sa 3 nearly
TZO ERH CHI.
-l'>-
291.
HI
if!
.--''/I.
H
fg
........
........ An
....... To
'
Mil
|j
Three or
3
sail
^J
[.SAN-SU.]
"""* /""!/ 4
four.
umbrella.
distribute, as alms, food to the poor or to prisoners,
small employes,
292.
SERIES.
to disperse.
fli Jfc
-COLLOQUIAL
,-(<</,
pay to troops,
etc.
die mulberry tree.
.......
$ t$
The mulberry and the
(z# (a sort of cedar?
planted where a village was founded
WILLIAMS) the
home of
;
hence, the
trees
one's
fathers.
Og ^j||
293.
tuny
tang*
........
........
teil
eh'i
The
throat.
Ill-omened
eh'i atonic.
MSO, to sweep.
fi|f
soo 1 joo3
jjr
sow3 '**
$1
^| J| MO*
flj
In ing*
........
........
.......
To
harass, as an oppressor the people, troops a country

tsoo 1 joo
3
,
to give trouble (see Part
V, Lesson
in
Peking,
LXXI, Note
4).
To sweep the ground.

swept away pleasure, happiness
1^,1.,
a reverse of fortune
also,
dejected.
294. @j"
se,
to love inordinately
lin
295.
%$
ae-n,
jjj|
to covet.
........
*e*
properly, dense, as foliage

sen
y<-n?
Niggardly.
hence used intensively.
........
Very
severe.
296. ff| xJny, a Buddhist priest.

?
297. ff{
'o*
so, originally,
........
s<)1
**
so 3
so
$jg
298. is|
<
5|E
sfctm
OTX'
i-'c
r/,'a
,,/3
sow 4
........
........
........
mi, properly, simple,
jg
i5
^1 *'
J1&
^%
straw rain coat.
To
lock, as
To
desist
a door, a box,
lit.,
to
etc.
draw back the hand.
to search, as a guard, police, etc.
$W
gg ng
299.
Buddhist and Taoist.
a rope.
.........
sAtj ........
g{ _t
........
^
ff- >fc
Priests,
./..,;/'
''"''
<"<
To
search
and examine.
Reverend Sir
(classical).
Note
Zao 3 nearly too'.
To cough.
unadorned.
.......
........
.......
Su-chou (Soochow), the prefecture of that name,
in
which stands
the eastern capital of the province of Kiangsu.
In great haste
Heretofore;
as fast as possible.
lit.,
interrupted.
even and blank; here applied to past time un-
PART
[SUAN-SHANG.]
THE TONE EXERCISES.
VII.
40:5
300. JpL Kitan, to reckon.
&!J
li$
(J-F
swoji 1
feswn 2
r

between good and evil, etc. Cf. '>nr
inability to distinguish
301.
3j
Iff
$P
sui,
Kt j$
SR IH
sui 1 jan?
'^ nl s '" 2
*3
s
2
^| $
302.
-^
word
taste.
To reckon up;
also, to calculate
an
issue, etc.
broken in fragments.
3
fi k"
p}*
.......
suan* chi*
sm
Kiii?
........
........
........
........
Although.
Following [a person].
The marrow
Note ku 3 nearly ku' before *nt 3
of the bones.
Fragmentary
miscellaneous
odds and ends.
sun, a grandson.
-f $,
ft
fl|
'2
* 3 S!ml
su '^
y^
........
........
Sons and grandsons
also, posterity in general.
Injury and advantage; the
relative advantages of; also, modifir;i-
tion, as of laws, usages, etc.
303.
Si
x>mg, to accompany, as a visitor to the door.
........
^ ^ sung
ma
^ sunf an
^ H* 4S ^
1
shu*
The
fir tree.
Horror-strack
of fcu 3
jig ying
jjj]
304. 5$c sha, to
JE
^^
.......
sung*
HjHj
s 'ial ss
c/i't'A,
*3
sha?
(zif
^$
kan 1
that the tone
by xnng
)\\
HI
fJvJ
3|
J|
........
........ A
To
^" 3
kill, sc.,
human
beings.
stupid, loutish-looking person.
Snip a small piece
See Part V, L< sson
XCIX, Note
off.
skai*
........ A
........
........ To
sieve.
Dice ; shai properly read

dry, or be dried,
t'ou*.
by exposure
to the sun.
.......
........
shan1 ck'uan1
Hills
Thunder and
shan 3
shan* o 4
and streams.
lightning.
See under 79, 253.
xliang, to bestow.
1
jgj
-g
s/iany
fj|p]
/p shang
[J
__ "f
3.
speed [the parting guest].
shan, a mountain.
[lj
307.
shai 1 tz&
shai*
"gg ^f-
l-Lf
to
Note
though followed
xhai, the action of the sun's rays.
U -f
306.
[the coming] and
all,
kill.
305.
To welcome
hair and bones shuddering.
lit.,
hardly modified, if at
is
shan
/icKiy
2
wm3
tz'ii*
shang* hsia*
....... To
.......
....... To
....... Above
consult with a person.
Note sAowj properly xhany*, but ihany'

Part III, 246.
Noon.
confer on
to bestow on.
and below
also, nearly, thereabouts.
befoii-
7.
TZU ERH CHI.
464
308.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
[sHAO-SHU.]
nhao, few.
ty
tfc j$l
JJ
f=J
^J
>jf
Awo3 <Aoo l
l,io
In
309. iff
*{/
$&
How many?
shao*
Old and young.
tne tongue.
the 1 eh'ien*
H*
rVt
{ft ffi
310. Jjp
|g
of a
bun
or cake.
kitchen hardware in general.
also, to
shoo*, a
good number,
or,
what a number?
debt.
discussion.
house, a thing; to discard an acquaintance.
To abandon, a
To shoot
= much
arrows.
the body.
*/<''?,
||.
rhien*
.v/i,'
name
to expend,
Lips and tongue; after fei,
she-
To owe;
the
also,
Knives and spoons
f- c/iW
ihoo-
"'>
"/
fire
Aoo s
;i
;g
Burned by
The body; used
f.
in
certain phrases
only as
more
polite
than
then-teH.
jpljl
^
311.
f[|j
*/H'H'- nsi'en
'-7i
Very true; quite
to licar, as children; to
.-//''//</.
Jj|
-&
fl^
312.
*M*f
s '""!ir4
)( '
^C $r
^L
Jjji
s '"^
'
-(- cî
R|
x/i i/i
an
Ninety
4
1fcf
also,
To employ a
-^
Affairs
an
s/ioH
shih
To mend
out
{:
j|J$
^ J^
ft g[
314. fly
>/<.)',
Hf
to be
employed as a servant.
Note
affair.
ch'ing
properly ch'ing', but modified
the hand.
.V//OH,
1|
etc.].
nine or ten.
servant
almost to ch'ing 1
313.
remnant,
Lost, of a thing, not a person.
*^'*ll
''''
[a balance, a surplus, a
aifair.
/man,
'^
correct.
Every province.
AtA.
Mn of a lower order.
cord.
There remains
<l4
ijl- -/"/<, atl'airs;

1
the latter being
be born.
fa -f d"
''"
Born and bred.
shmg chang*
fairies
examine, as parties, witnesses, in a case civil or criminal.
To
Pil]
jn.
and
Spirits
shiny
shov?
/-
c/t't'n*
fco*
to put to rights
shou, to put
Raw and ripe,
as fruits, etc.
Hand and
= united as
Wild
foot
birds
and wild
also, referring to
away
a person, to serve him
shih, to pick up, atonic.
of wild tribes, savage and reclaimed.
brothers.
beasts.
a book; a writing.
shih 1 shu
The "Shu Ching," Canon of History, and the "Shih Ching," Canon
of Poetry (commonly known as the Book of
Odes) of persons,
;
educated.
)0j[
|p
Û
^g
To redeem,
'<
shn* ch'ienx/m 4
7u 4
To count
to
pay ransom
for,
cash.
The numbers; the number
of.
a crime.
315.
|jl
J5fc
shiun 1 hsi3
To brush and wash.
shtia 3 hsiao*
To
wear out
tihuai, to
jp[
jjjj
shuai 1 pai*
f*
lIC
J
317.
jS
s huai3
ts'ao s
banter.
to decay.
Downcome
tung
hsi 1
....
shvai*
To switch
to be ruined, decayed.
or flip
away a
thing.
Carelessly [executed].
8/mcm, to tie up.
1
ty $3 shuan
?W
318.
465
shua, to brush.
JÎJ
$1]
316.
THE TONE EXERCISES.
PART vn.
[SHUA-T'A.]
ffl
k'uen 3
To bind
shuan*
To
s'
fH shnang, a
shuan, to
make
fast
k'uen, to bind.
rinse.
jfc
pair.
shnang
ch'eng
To moke
shuang k'uai*
|J|
*jfc
|!|
^ ahuang* shing
Brisk
pairs, or
pair.
frank.
Twins.
319. JJC shui, water.

2
II 65 */wi
[lj
?J(C
(^
320. lip
-A
Jjj|
Whose?
ti
shan 1 shui3
tm, obedient
4p
Scenery.
shui* chiao*
ying shun
To
;
that which follows the stream.
A species of falcon.
shun* tang
Jit B^
321.
323.
Eight, as rule requires
uhuo, to speak.
1
|^ gj shuo him*
/&
tang atonic.
To speak
.
The
first
and the
f&
.^c
ssftl
[3
31
ssfl
ss *
^*
silken thread
threads of
silk.
sheng
Dead or live; e.g., is he dead

Heaven decrees].
ww^
Four or
or alive?
Life
and death
[in
five.
tu, great.
Jft.
ij/L
HJ
;jT
<a a ying*
To- reply in the affirmative
to2 'hi'"'*
To help
on 3 to 3
To
fc
t]\
t'<i,
Â
ta* hsiac?
ta in the sense of
<ra
to assent.
Emphasise
hooking arm
te.
to arm.
beat violently, with the hand or with weapons.
assault, to
Note
-ftfi
moon.
fifteenth of the Chinese
"*#, silk.
324.
ffffc
shuo* wang* (shuo* or so*)

j^| g|
322.
sleep.
nearly ou*.
Great and small
hence,
size,
extent, degree
of.
he.
t'
al
J^
f$
ff
Wi ch'uang
Zt<a'3
2
t'a*
A third person.
A Buddhist pagoda.
A bedstead t'a used
;
politely in the
same
sense, alone, as
couch for bed.
59
wr
TZ& ERH
465
325.
to!,
j$
|f
326. ~fc
'at 1 nidi*.
Aoo 3
(at 3
rAtoo
t'n
i,
U B&
Jl H
^
;
^[
H
?
IS
328.
^t
........
........ To
sWn* ........ To
' <a *
Cat*
single; odd, as distinct

1
the quality
Note hao 3 nearly
of.
hao*.
the fetus.
too great an extent.
Single and in pairs
*
to "S '** ta
ton4
t'ai,
from even.
.......
......
........ A
shuang
be pregnant
See under 149.
t'at*.
i'any
^1
Se under 30.
tat*.
A'"1*2
ton.
Good and bad
Courageous
hen
'
odd and even.
Hi., large
of liver.
s e g-
''", charcoal.
^
|
58|
ijfif
''an
/n4
^''!/
c/t'ai
Fuel (wood, grass,
'<171
.......
....... To
....... To pawn
I s properly
4
3
(anj c/iu
etc.)
and
charcoal.
ought to [be or do],
stop by barring the way.
:!
;t
officials).
to chat.
Care 4
right.
/ /.
converse
Level, as a road or way.
^^
^
Jl *
J/" 1 ?
Grasping (said of
''ai3
H? tony,
Jj|
.......
........ To
.......
.......
Can 1 tsang1
^p ;H
Jjb
329.
See under 238.
much.
too
tn,
327. jfl
[TAI-T'AO.]
bad.
5* f
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
tagi
or pledge
tien, in this
combination, to mortgage
tang,
to pawn.
330. )Hr fang, broth
Pg j^
l
|jK
6^
41
^
3ie
'' a71
soup.
........ To
.......
wo
....... To
....... To
Vang
1*
too,
JJ
^F
g| ^.
331.
/lo
''o?
White
fang* shov?
:i
drink soup.
sugar.
down
lie
t'ang, to lie
on the back ; wo, to
lie
on the
side.
scald the hand.
way; the right way.
(no
.......
....... To
........ Hind
........
ch'iang
ta 2
Jg Hj
(wra
JH fg
'ao
Swords and muskets (matchlocks).
^t*
too3
reel silk.
part before
upside down.
Right principles; the rationale of; also, a system of religion or

3
4
in other
philosophy. Note li alone, H , but here nearly H
Iff
compounds, clearly
332.
j$fe
'
||/J
'<">,
,,
uj
"ên,
'
*
<a 3 J/*
1
[gj
^, Coo y'oo
^
ig
3
.
to flee.
''(to
j-fc
li
cfc'tMM
....... To
....... To
........ To
....... A
Coo4
receive
fly,
bounty or a favour
lit, eat
bounty.
as a slave, a prisoner, etc.
demand,
to press for,
whether with a claim or without.
snare; a trap; also used figuratively.
333. fl|
to obtain
te,
Hc 'c
^f
shih
ti
te
4^
Note the
talk.
Prosy
To gain and
turn
334.
467
to succeed in.
WJ WJ huai
M?l
THE TONE EXERCISES.
PART vn.
[TE-T'IAO.]
first ti is
heavily accented.
and
to lose; success
ill-success;
the possible out-
of.
special.
t'e,
}Jf JJj
' <<Ml3
t'e
Infirm of purpose
little
and
used,
J fft
said to be corrupt for f
( fan t'u).
4
$f
i*
I'*'
li&
special purpose
on purpose
intentionally.
'
335. flf
(corrupt for
tei
te
'JÎSSiiiSîS fr53|: 1
^' pi*
336.
tei
$$
;jg
tei
must have.
tei
ti
a place in a series
The sound emitted by a small gong when
shing
Must
chu
teng
must be
teng, a class
1
yao),
hsiao 3 lo 2 'rh
'rh,
struck.
positively.
to wait.
The
lights
lit.,
and candles, or the candle or
lanterns
light in the
lantern.
3 hou*
To wait awhile
^? $1 teng
jjj
U| ma? Ung*
337.
to await.
Stirrups.
t'f'g, sore; painful; also, tender.
StS ffiWiWi- !3, t'eng
^
i^
ti,
fft,
ku3 shing 1
'rh
The sound
of a tom-tom.
In pain.
A wooden bench (long and low)
t'eng*
t'eng properly teng.
hang or bend down.
to
ti
t'ou
c ^'<"<
1JC
t'eng ti
t'ung*
P anS
jjf|
({
'' 1?
iffi
fe $
338.
To hang
2
the head.
An enemy
ti
ch'o-u,
feud
ti,
to stand before, as a rival, antagonist,
etc.
ta 4 **3
PJ J&
J^
339.
'"',
fli{
340.
1$
uZ
( '^
i&
fif
*'*
J^
t'i*
ti'io,
jljj
Jfc
I'*
Ii
tfe
tt
U|c
at last
Heaven and Earth
To
staircase to
select
To show
an 9*
1
as
also, objectively, after all.
we
say, Nature.
of.'
kung
To do
an upper story.
a person by preference.
consideration to.
another's
work
for him.
to hang.
tiao 1 p'ft
tiao*
t'iao, to
To the bottom
ti*
to take the place of; instead
j/E
^J
341.
t'ien
t'iao
t'iao
t'iao
ss-O
Sable
marten's fur.
Death by hanging, oneself or another person.
pick out.
1
hsiian3
ch'en
cho
To
to pick
and choose.
or report in sections to the Throne.
Holding up on the point of anything.

4
iao*
select
To present a memorial
(or i/o )
To
frisk about, as a dog,
in a man.
a horse,
etc.
used of great physical activity
468
342.
TZtT
Jl
a fold; to
f\<-h,
^ j|
343.
HA
tt
IS
345.
t'ith
t'ieh*
IH SS
<"^'
anl
t'ien
fa
g3 chitang
1H Wi
Bl
t'icn*
i'nuj,
but
cfcMTOj',
heavy.
on a wall; the thing so stuck.
To humour
to
Copper and
accommodate ;
also, to
sympathise.
iron.
Licenses to firms being

of a set.
q.d., one
members
of a guild
ya, properly, a tooth
weigh ; of things or matters.
See under 55.
inn.
See under 338.
ti*.
ch'ting
heaven.
t'irn,
346. /I*
Note
Repeatedly.
....... To
........ An
<fci3.
k'a* tien*
"2f
Father and mother.
wl Hang*
**
fft 3J
[TIEH-TO.]
a shop; an inn.
}K j|
........
.......
........
fft t'uwj
ticn,
<tA!
**** t'ieh
ifi
properly, to stick, as a placard
>'//,
xf fe .V
344. J
.......
.......
tvh nianf
efc'nnj
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
fold.
jjg
ERH
'"
tzti
tin <? te *4
S '"'^
w2
<<01*
Farmhouse and land
To touch with the
t<ieu8
........ To
pi?
to fix; to
(tny
......
t'ien?
k"**
make
stationary
work the
farms.
tip of the tongue.
pencil [on the ink-slab]
when about
to write.
to establish.
........ A
........ Th
....... To
nail.
button on the
lay
down
official
rules
hat distinguishing the rank of the wearer.
to settle
an order of proceeding;
lit.,
to plant
[a leg of the] compasses.
flag, to hear.
347. HJ
ftof
chien*
f^ Jh
tlin9*
<** s
jffi
|g
HJ
348.
-r
....... To
....... To
....... The
hear ;
cease
shu* t'inf
q.d.,
;
bough of a
//'",
$8 ''"^
*' i2
fafl4
J0712
have
Let [him,
it]
To
as a child
!/
fl4
........ A
*~
lose,
to
shoo9
3
^j
<jf ch'iang
ft
ft hua>
to
4
.
See under 308.
to
See under 29.
to3 'rh
......
See under 182.
stolen or strayed, an animal, or anything
derisive exclamation addressed to a person
many.
$}
own way.
inanimate.
you are
to,
[his, its]
to lose.
something
2p
than a shu chih, bough or twig.
tree, larger
'
% Us
349.
hearing to perceive.
to cause to cease.
bud.
q.d.,
oh
who
has failed in
you clever fellow ; you're a nice
fellow,
PART vn.
[T'O-TUI.]
350.
t'o,
secure
t'o
ff
THE TONE EXERCISES.
469
sound.
To ask
ch'ing*
for the patronage of a person, or seek the aid of his in-
fluence.
'
It
.ft
3c
*'
ma
tan y 4
(Of proceedings) satisfactory, secure.
mo4
To
'
f o4
|g| -J^
351.
The
Also written !
ostrich.
spit
mo,
spittle
4
also t't , to spit (saliva only).
t'o,
t? fou, pulse in general.

!/}}
to)tl ** S te
/S "P
from beginning to end [of an affair] ; the tou-tzii is specially

the receptacle of sacking in which a Chinese mason carries
mortar; a similar receptacle may be formed of the flap of a
K<?-,
garment or the
like
tou-ti-tzti,
from the bottom of such a
receptacle.
ton3
sheng
Jj- ;={
i$l
352.
P.
' !'
3s
to "
1
SMng, the Chinese
pint,
=
dry measure; ou 10 shing (WILLIAMS).
Green beans, as distinguished from black
the head.
t'ou,
fHf
i'ow 1 too 4
2
Ol
To
BK I&
J8 }S
t<OM4 c
steal; theft.
The head
Zi<;?l3
''
lit.,
the head and face.
To penetrate thoroughly,
subject
also, to
as having thorough knowledge of any

be very intelligent.
353. JJt tu, jealous.
^
^
3JH
'
llF
*a*4
To
To gamble.
US t$ "
^ ^P
t'u,
^ -^
^^
-J^
c/ii
fit
t'w
fu
for hsnn-fu, governor of
A
3
To
fit3
'"-o
envious
also, transitively, to
envy.
clay.
mo
bald man.
efface, as writing.
Dust.
-See
under 350.
tuan, short.
$1
titan 1 c^^tgr4
2
<<ii3
l<ajl9
( ''
J|
Upright, as things duly placed
Long and short; the length
also,
moral rectitude.
of; also, a man's merits
but especially his defects.

g|f
356.
3|
4
|g (?m
chiich?
t'uan, a ball
|HJ
357.
poison.
Jealous
tea
ch'en
'
jffi.
tu*
earth
1^ ?^
355.
for tiung-tu, governor-general
province.
354.
Tu
fw3
!tl
[J t'uan
as with a knife
To cut
off,
Round
as a ball
also
a lump.
y'd,nii-
united, all in a body, as a family.
tui, opposite to.

2
Ufa |j|
igj-
tui 1 chi
Tf{ tui
mien4
used figuratively.
To
pile together
Opposite to
to accumulate.
the opposite
of.
and
defects,
470
358.
&
[T'UI-TSAI.]
Ciii
To put one's work on another
icfi"'
fuat4
Fast legs
chin4 t'ui*
to lay one's fault to another's charge.
a good walker.
To advance and
retire [equally difficult
a dilemma].
<? properly, substantial.
f-fc
fiti 1
j8
jtt
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
to ruthv.
I'n-i,
^ *J
U $J
359.
ERH
TzCr
Jjr J|[
ff
Honest
(a3 (u " S
5i
8i
fcott
sincere
staunch.
To nod from sleepiness; to take a nap.

rh absorbed in tu-rh.
tun 3
>r
Note
ta nearly ta' before
|J
j||
360.
f///i
c/i'/'/i-
Slow in thought or action
tew, properly, blunt, as a knife.
to swallow; to bolt
/'"<;,
fM)l1 (<unl
t tt
t<1t3
<<MS
Of a man who
but half his story;
will tell
Note the
(anything).
|g gj
t'vn- t'ie>r
Lands granted
fun* shou3
To draw the hands
|jg
to soldiers
first
t'u
3
nearly fit
<'
being to spit out
military colonies.
into the sleeves, as the Chinese
do
for
warmth's
sake.
361.
tuny, winter.
kwB*
Winter and summer.
chiwf
To be
To understand.
HJ
362. |5J
t-n.n
5S jj
tuiig*
movement;
motion and
lit.,
rest.
the same; together with.
//,
'
stirring
'"'
l
l
'J
' ft2
To permeate,
iis
the power of Nature; to penetrate, as the will or

also, of great intelligence in
intelligence of the Sovereign;
general.
fgj
hui* t'ung 2
ÎJI
t'ung
shuafi
United with
in association with.
generalissimo; in
modern
times, one holding unusually large
military power.
^
363.
;{<fl
tao,
BS
^
0|
364.
:Sfl
f^L
fi3
As'(/,
365.
^b
Jfe
'
ffil
'
<<l2
'OT
to
's
al
1
Dirty ; also read ang tsang*.
uan
l'
ft
confusion.
.;
rub clean.
al TO 3
be
To rub and wipe,
-"'''''
as with a cloth.
to be in or at.
'
'
An omnium-gathenim
Why? Why
'
^g^-.'^/m
:I
tsai, to
$5
In great pain.
miscellaneous.
'
j?r.
f ''?4
(l '
''i
To
plant.
To
kill aniiii:ils.
To be
Note chung*,
at home.
to plant
rhung*, a sort.
PART vn.
[TS'AI-TS'E.]
366. ~ft
f
5. %
-Jf
hsiang
ts'aP
km*
'
<? ts
(s'ai
imagine
to conjecture.
Ability.
aiS
4
five colours.
Victuals
/an
lit.,
the rice and other viands.
tsan, properly, to aid with counsel.
(saw 1
-^
mew 1
Û
(s'aw
(saw
^6 $
fs'aw
fc'ao
official title.
'IS
1fi
^
M
ch
'
ts
'
'
il ts
an*
.......
.......
.......
........
an3
ou
t'
See Part III, 494.
shame, as from being disgraced.
k'uei*
(s'aw
'|$|
>[||j
put by money.
is'cm, properly,
'Jiff
head-gear.
more commonly pronounced tsa'-min.
cfc'ww2
3
g& tew
jig
........ Women's
........ We
....... To
....... An
tztt
's*
1H" 1P9
368.
....... To
........
........ The
........
's^ 1
|g
;3J
jf
471
ts'ai, ability.
ijjg
367.
THE TONE EXERCISES.
To compare
Shame,
authorities.
felt at one's
own wrong-doing.
Misery.
Blockhead; ninny; properly, a
man
without confidence in himself ;

"
applied also to animals and objects, as ts'an t'ou ma, a
369.
f^
moi2
tsang*
JH
ts'itng,
.......
.......
fan 1 tsang 1
j^j
j^
370.
screw."
t*(mg, to bury.
covet, as a grasping official
tsawjr, in
the sense of presents.
[a corpse].
a granary.
1
ts'ang
Jjj[
To
To bury
Jc'u*
2
ts'ang
.......
.......
Granaries and
money
vaults.
Dishonest concealment [of person or thing].
371. Jp- two, early.

c/iow
j^ jS
fsao 1
.......
.......
...... To
........ To
All round
3p
di'uan 1 (sao 2
2j
^L lm-
fa
tsao* hiui*
j|r
tsao3
te
q.d.,
at every point encountering or encountered.
bore [as through stone] and to cut with a chisel

start questions in the course of an inquiry.
iif., to
have come
fig.,
to
early.
create, as the
Deity
tiao* hua, substantively, the luck
born with
a man.
372. IpL
ts'no,
M |*
VT*
ffi
^
373. fUJ
374. Ill
ts'ao
specially, grass.
........ To
........ A
lien
I'l*
ma
Jffl
ts'ao
TfC
tse,
glj
plants
ts'ao
ts'e,
ft ^1
mw4
then
a plan
c
drill
to be drilled.
manger, either made of wood and movable, or of brick or stone.
See under 226.
consequently.
2
tse' li*
fs '^
.........
;
Laws
regulations
isi
here meaning rule, law.
a means.
........
Ordinarily,
any plan ;
in military matters, strategy.
TZU ERH
375.
5S
'-'
ftfc
376.
378.
fH
(z'tl
........
'#, to add
'*'
....... To
....... To
" ?1 c hienS
4
a layer
tx'Sny,
a story of a house
l
Ilf
'3? jL.~fjjfcti't>ig
#:
'*''.'/' tz'&*
?^ !S
'-';/''''"/*
Jff
Uneven;
e.j.,
as foliage, herbage, etc.; used of inconsequence in action.
to.
fc'"** feeds'
jjfj
How? Why? What?
uneven, irregular.
(s'en
Brigands; outlaws; rebels.
particle.
........
"*>
tf<!n3
/.--
ffj"
379.
an interrogative
ts'en,
^6
........
litir/a?
[H
ti'n,
she,itg
increase
a step in a
2
series.
One jump
381.
382.
Sit
make
to
ts
tsotjih*
^1
<so
E\
;o
f*'<>,
'
SI J nw2
ts
j$
Izfl
Jj
(x'o
Regular order.
it is
not
JH /^
f*>i,
igl
^.
jjl
ll
who
is
unlucky, always failing through no
ts'eng, of feet that
q.d.,
drag in walking
one that can never get on.
ting, of
4
always teo whether singly or compounded.
,
The workshop
where things are made,
or manufactory; the shop
sold.
Yesterday.
Right and left ; in the neighbourhood of a place

of a superior.
Lit, t sitting
........
........ A
........
in the
company
and lying down, = in
when followed by pu
all positions; not

generally used
an, uncomfortable.
move
4
s/iifc
tx'ou*
....... Of
....... To
the subordinates,
>V
shih here meaning to
to be
employed in a public department.
persons assembled in one place or enterprise

tributed by a number.
under 194.
Xce under 313.

1
to annoy.
represent a matter to the Throne.
a grandfather.
f'
be collected together.
........ Of
'
to irritate
to walk.
ho
dwarf.
Error, mistake, in business, copying, etc.

fail or miss.
ts'ou, to collect; to
in which senses
own
move
To rub between two hands
shih1
(s'o*
txou, to
383.
and he was up on
error.
}ê
the sound of one jump)
Said in pity for a person
except
>/ t
384.
yu*
t.io*
do
........
........
........
........
fan Q
to
(lit.,
the house.
inability to
/.so,
modification.
present, as food or anything, to friends.
shang*liaofang
.......
.......
and diminish
fault of his
380. "f
[TSEI-TSU.]
a thief; a robber; anyone in arms against the Government.
''.
35 JH
377.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
.......
One's ancestors.
of funds con-
PART vn.
[TS'U-TSUNG.]
385.
j|if
IB
'*' ltl llisi *-
-See
in
un(ler
.......
ch'ih 1 ts'u*
Pf
386.
coarse.
)|H. tn'u,
IB.
473
THE TONE EXERCISE.
jfjji
Jealousy
specially, jealousy of the affections
lit.,
to eat vinegar.
tsuan, to grip in the hand.
|H
j^Js
....... To
....... To
....... To
tsuan 1 tot
0J
tsiui.li? /is///,
J^
tsuan* chu
hard after an object
strive
in a
bad
tsuan, to bore, to perforate
sense, to strive to
often,
compass by intrigue.
a work, a code; tsuan, properly, to collect

together ; specially, materials available.
revise, to recompile,
grasp in the hand, sc, anything that

fingers can nearly close round.
is
movable and that the
387. ||[ ts'uan, to burrow, as rats, mice, etc.

3
J3 IS m('
8t
f!l
....... The
....... To make up
.......
ts'uan 1
' s '""'"'
bound or leap
's'ow
of a horse.
a set of things, or a
and borrowing
x!l
388.
$i
S? a
*'
tsui,
^H
$J IP /fm
389.
fH
j^ jg
IH
fifi>
^^
390.
~^f.
........ A
.......
^ ........ To
H
"\1"
tsn/
pi
IJJ
!{
^^
^
transgress
........ To
..... k^
........ A
t<al c'1 '"
chf
a group [of men].
lit.,
to
run foul of punishment.
press with great earnestness (whether justly or not).
n ' ln S
or as > " e ^kes
if>
elsewhere sui*.
t-s'ui*
large assemblage of able or virtuous persons, or of good things.
tsun
chieh
esteem
to
show esteem
for.
economise; originally, a classical expression;

(=to practise) moderation.
tit.,
to
walk in
an inch.
ts'un 1
clmang
ts'wn?
wamfp
ts'un
linnrj
ch'ih'' ts'un*.
...... A
....... Dead
....... To
village.
and living
think over
e.g.,
father ts'un, mother icang, etc.
to reflect on.
Sec under 37.
-ij-
tsung, a kind
fc
....... To
....... To
tsun 1 chung*
if;]-
^
' s<m
ts'ui*
ts'un,
f^
392.
lips
the mouth.
urge.
(s'wi
any objects]
pile [of
The
ch'un-
tsun, honoured.
j^C jjr
391.
ts'ui, to
money, by picking here
lips.
1
Hfe i* tsui
tsui
of
(Said pompously of rebels or any enemy) flying from one place and
finding their way to another.
to'***1**
the
sum
there.
to
a sort
also,
a collective.
........
minf .......
1
tsung
jjjjSl
^g tsung
|ji
^J
tsung*
yung
or juiig
.....
The
larger proportion.
A general designation.
To
leave too free
to tolerate license.
60
TZ& ERH
474
393.
1$.
'"
I;
^ $;
.......
........
"4
* l(
'""!/'
''
[xs'UNG- WEI.]
onions.
tx'UH'.i,
f,
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
'*''"i<r
Onions and
According
garlic.
to, sc.,
a man's own view, his advice,
etc.
394. -J- ,':, a son.

j|
/;'
^jf
........
I:,,-
Length of service official standing: tod, goods, means here, pay

q.d., the time one has been bin ne
ko, the columns of a register
;
'"'
........
......
''"'
;?;-
395.
S%
5i
'
(:!
'-''
/"
jlfc
:i
?Jj
396.
%L
/-.',)'
J=
tl'J ^
2
4
V" '^ ^siao
........
........
wo
.......
wa ........
";al
"'"
'''"
c/ntttJi
/'.i'*
j^ ^|
/(x,';
/''"""
^^
397.
write.
To
grin
show the teeth
to
Porcelain
as one laughs.
from wa?.
finer earthenware, as distinct
This and that
you and
Note
mutually.
7>i
nearly
Regular order.
a tile; pottery.
'*'-",
j[
rtl <*<>
........
........
........
fata* (&'*
i&
To
a time; a turn.
':'<",
fift
on the books.
Sons and grandsons.
To dig up
or out.
Dolls or effigies of babies in earthenware.
Bricks and
tiles.
Shoes and stockings.
wai, outside.
^
^J
.......
........ To
"''"' f'tc' 1 ?
IE
"
7JC
Slanting and perpendicular.
Note
bale water.
jcai 3 nearly
wai 2
also, native
and
properly j/ao
'
"-'"' 4
""'
Within and without
foreign.
j-_%j
398.
TC
tenninated.
"'"/!,
n
(//(-
i-/i.'uan
V/l
'*""
,
'
'(//
399.
il
""".'/, to
go; hence, towards,

;'":r
:/'
i^
'".7
35 tt
,i
400.
'
cW
S& "":/'
.....
.......
.......
.......
bay.
Early and
"
.)""
jjjj
'
sooner or
ten millions
Note
later.
Jig.,
teao 3 nearly
any number.
Vast expanse of water.

Prinres and dukes.
come and
intercouise.
forget.
do; to be; but read
........
.......
....... To
to go
we;'
Siil;l\.
4
,
because
of.
iru, ]ilant-i, etc.
Actions; conduct.
""" l "
l\
'
to.
.......
.......
....... To
....... To
"v/-), to
'
late
Thousand myriad
'
"'
in a state of completeness.
Completed;
X.
under 60.
depute an
officer;
the
officer
deputed.
'
^ji
401.
X wen, ornament
j^
Kvn
f[J
"" ;'"
3t 5t
^ wen
foj
403.
jjf
?X
to 2
lacP w&ng*
:l
s '""'
""-; "f/
f.
rpn
jH,
TIC
fft
wo 1
'"
ch'oo
:i
fo 4 wo
g|^
^ff
4t yn 3
we= educated.
Question and answer
ta' elsewhere to 1 .
-See
man used
;
respectfully of the father of the person addressed.
I.
under
15.
........
old
large water ewer.
tine
You
" n(l
^ ote w*
1-
nearly
Tit'.
under 380.
........
........
........ ^
*CTtl
Buildings
"'
1M
!(
ne ln y r i ll(i things
........
........ The
........
........ To
-^ servan t girl
3
'jo? ch'ih
2
31 UJ
.'/'
l4 ta
all
things in creation.
a properly, of the knot of hair on either

i
girl's
side of
head.
teeth.
;
well-bred.
edge of water.
........
t'ien
jgj
?/
keep pressed down as with a weight.
yai, properly, the
5^
>
an unmarried
Polite
ya?
%fc
yai
The
horizon.
yang, sheep.
Jfe;
2/
a?l ?
i/M(/'
^'o
4
2/
ft?l
>
j/ao
1^
i'Mi3
jgi 2/*
:i
2/i'
i/ao
lit.,
to invitingly beg.
support persons
to rear, as animals,
rish,
plants, rtr.
Every kind.
!/
u <w to want
apply to for help
Sheep and oxen.
3
yang huo
f'j
^^
....... To
.......
........ To
........
cfc'w 2
?j,w
ffi
^
5c
existing or not.
See under 401.
*' 0!t2
2/*
% 1i
^ wen
tenements.
yn, a tooth.
$i
Possessing or not
wu3
M^
408.
and military
Steady, as tilings that stand finn; sound, of recovered health.
........ The
....... A
lint?
2
j^ wen
4
l!;cl "
]Jr
407.
Civil
wit, military.
jl
(ln S f2
406.
Warm.
W)3
'
M M/
405.
......
........
........
........
'
475
literary culture.
im, the pronoun
^
404.
";M 5
THE TONE EXERCISES.
whig, an aged man.
$$
huo
VII.
mho
an 1 wen3
^f |i;
402.
PART
YAO.]
|\VI:N
to wil1
to be
about to
........ The
.......
...... To
k'ou
back;
lit.,
written
jjj|.
Very
distant.
give a bite
to.
the
loins
and the legs;
t'ui
mmv
r..i
ii (l
iily
TzC EBH CHI.
476
409.
........ To
yd* ........
.........
........
1
ych chu
7,,
ffi
410.
0^
tf
fff>/<
HfJ
[j*-
411. ^5t
3
?/"
/r
i/,
iSfee
c/ii/ij/.
;,o
fso
jj
half the night.
i/c"
yi
-4
,
to.
;|
;i
certain Chinese salutation.
Note yi' elsewhere, always

The " Yi Ching," Book of Permutations
Advantage.
,./,;,
of a river; along the bank.
The bank
......... To make
........
........
sayings; oral language.
JS
yi*.
said to be the oldest of
Chinese classical works.
412.
>j!n,
g
***-
sound.
j/Mi
in
r/!
win
413.
$B
...
2
.
........
fnuungtyin* ........
s
45
.......
s/n'/iy
4> *^
ffi
toi j/m
^/"'ff.
Sounds of any kind.
Gold and
jfc 'i'l'O
jg
kail
<-li :,
</;,<</-
inveigle
To
use the seal
........ Ou
....... To
......
To
iA
^
415.
|J4
;
,
fS
1^*1
Jg
JH
i
,
yin
i/o
l
i/
'
;/,(-
/i-st'a
!'"
?J
"4
2fc
evil.
to seal officially.
8ht to
an engagement, a
receive, as a guest.
is
no sign
recomP ense
'
'
*''
shadow of such or such

'
M Heaven.
treaty, etc.
........ To make
........
an appointment with.
......
........
^"O2
No.-
Muddled; stupid;
Fish in general
cho, turbid.
lit.,
fish
and
shell-fish.
under 88.
........
Ready
to
make
ready.
properly, in the beginning.

1
/,9>
cô 2 or
"j.j.j
Jj&
any
Musical instruments in general.
fJB
fish.
!/'''
M ii*
/0
/y
*ijt
416.
to engage
to entice into
To
Tllere
i/o,
silver.
to welcome.
414. îj
name
under 40.
V/i
jfoggjli-ch'u
fro
lit.,
smoke.
yen
iidvantage; addition
^/',
ffe
........ To
........ Words;
......
jpj JQ.
the throat.
words.
c/i't/i
;gj
Midnight
yeA
;xiH
fast, in
old gentleman; lao-yeh-'rh, a popular
Uncultivated or uninhabited ground.
",
.'/'
have something so stuck
stick fast, to
Si r; a gentleman,
for the sun.
JK^,,, /,;*,'
<
[YEH-YUAN.]
the night.
//</',
Pg
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
.V"""
''''
"" """
'' ti2
.......
........
To be wronged, by unjust deed

In the
first
So! under 38.
,,
To
wish.
instance
in fact.
or
word
"'
thing>
PART vn.
[YUEH-YUNG.]
417.
^n
ytieh, the
t'~<V
I'll
y^
Sf.
418.
ft
moon.
yiwh
........
.......
.......
.'/'"'''"
nienfyiith,
''"""
.'/"'
^ % yinr
M it
^ j^
ll
tt'ai
!l>^
!l'"'J
4
r-//.-;
-^
477
"Tin- philosopher said."

Them word* precede the
fucitis, recorded in tin- classics of China.
c.n-
To munch.
Yean and rnoom kpse

;
of time.
yun, cloud.
Bl ft
419.
TOM-: KM-: HUSKS.
TIII-:
yi'm*
........ The
........
........
........ Luck
head giddy ; VMR' elsewhere ytin4
Clouds.
To
consent, to.
;
of the State's prosperity ;
yun
cAS, of a penon'8 Inck
yu, to be; to have; possession; existence.
5t
1
i
.
'"
'/''"'-'
........
.......
.'/-
x^"
2
M
^
:i
v/
''
ICK-.
X/'i;
under 404.
.'/'.
under 380.
:i
Sad
Oil
(iii
liiMi-t
made
and countenance).
(ifso.sinmiii
420. /ff ?/uw^, to use.
^P
.......
l>'"".r
!/""'.l
Commoniil.-icc:
ji'ing,
even,
= not
almvc the level;
unintelligent.
'
Jj
?/""V"'
'
<s ir
;i
fc iS
ffl
.'/""!/'
n'''
s'
.V'''
4
:i
.'/""!/
under 127.
.......
.......
Forever.
To employ.
Note yunj3 nearly ywuj".
//(/,
here,
PART
VIII.
THE PARTS OF SPEECH
This
I'ait is
I.
II.
divided into the following Sections
INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS.
THE NOUN AND THE
ARTICLE.
III.
THE CHINESE NUMERATIVE NOUN.
IV.
NUMBER.
AND PLURAL.
V. CASK.
VI. CKNDKI:.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
THK ADJECTIVE AND
ITS
DEGREES OF COMPARISON.
THK PRONOUN (PERSONAL, RELATIVE,

THK
POSSESSIVE, DEMONSTRATIVE, DISTRIBUTIVE, INDEFINITE).
VKIUI AS MODIFIED BY TENSE, MOOD, AND VOICE.
X. TIIK ADVKRII, UK TIME, PLACE, NUMBER, DEGREE, KTC.
XI.
THE PREPOSITION.
XII.
THE CONJUNCTION.
XIII.
THE
INTERJECTION.
PAKT
THE PARTS OF SPEECH.
VIII.
PART
481
VIII.

SECTION
I.
[INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS.]
1.
sir
what
2.
seems to give your countrymen a good deal of trouble to acquire our language,
the difficulty ?
There are several difficulties difficulties of pronunciation, difficulties with the
It
is
individual words, and, greater

3.
Yet
all
4.
No
is
difficulties of
composition.
seem
to learn each other's languages with tolerable facility

so entirely different from all foreign languages ?
foreigners
can't be that Chinese
still,
it
absolutely without something in common with its fellow

character of the expressions 1 by which any man gives utterance to his
language in the world
is
languages of course. The

thought will be sure to vary greatly according to circumstances. A phrase may be directly
affirmative of existence or non-existence, or it may be interrogative, imperative, optative, or
2
interjectional.
When we
This
say, for instance,
man
direct affirmation of existence or non-existence.
man's head
is
is
dead,
5.
affects
is
Would
imperative.
Do you
interjectional.
that that
understand
The law you
Perfectly.
my
man
community
now
come
to
were well
3
sir
is
optative.
Alas
there
is
Cut that
!
man
that
be regarded as a general law which

which Chinese and foreigners from natural
are speaking of
language,
of sentiment 4 conform.
Just so
man is not dead,

man dead ? is interrogative.
dead, That
meaning,
written or spoken, one to
all
6.
off,
is
Is that
may
to the difficulty with single words,
it is
one peculiar 5 to the
For the formation of words in writing, every other nation that

Chinese written language.
possesses a literature has a given number of characters (lit., pen-strokes), each with a sound of
and the combination of a certain number of these not only produces a word in form,
its own
;
but also serves the purpose of establishing its sound.

There is a strong resemblance between this and the
7.
Manchu method of writing but

in Chinese, although the language is otherwise written, the words are formed of eight particular
strokes will not these be the same as your letters, sir ?
;
2
3
4
Character of expression
Interjectional
My
meaning
Community
slwn
ch'i, gait, air, attitude.
ching ya, properly, to start with fright and astonishment.
pi
i,
humble, lowly, meaning.
of sentiment
more
literally,
natural identity, of man's feelings in every nation.

5
Peculiar : tu i, isolated strangeness. Note
it is li,
its
the reasonable consequence, of te& jan hsiang t'ung, the
enforcement by the addition of wei, only, before han vim.
61
ERH
TZtr
48-2
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
it is true, are written with

application of the two differs widely. Chinese words,
of
its
has a sound
own, the sound of any word
particular strokes; but though each of these
will write, for
to form has no reference whatever to the sounds of the strokes.
The
8.
We
may go
they
instance, the word shih (ten), one of the numerals; this
is
formed of one horizontal and one
the perpendicular stroke,

perpendicular stroke; the horizontal stroke is properly called yi,
kuen ; the two combined in writing produce the word skill. It will be at once apparent that
their business is exclusively with its form, and that they have nothing whatever to do with
its sound.
This [the impossibility of learning the sound of a word from the strokes employed
to write
How
9.
writing
regarded by foreigners as a very great difficulty in the study of written Chinese.
it] is
do foreigners succeed 1 in establishing the sound of one of their words in
In this way: foreign nations have for the purpose some twenty odd characters, the
of
combining which so as to form words it does not take very long to understand, and
principle
2
whereas 3 in a
this once learnt, the sound of any word one meets with can be determined
10.
no positive criterion 4 of its sound. If it has not been met with in

reading, its sound cannot be known the word must be looked out, and when it has been found,
there is nothing to guarantee the reader against forgetting its sound when he sees it again.
Chinese written word there
is
That
11.
we
them
learn
is
true
enough
as single words
but we Chinese are in no fear of forgetting the words, because
when we
are
young
children. 6
Exactly but we foreigners, not having committed Chinese books to memory, cannot
of course fail to encounter the difficulty I describe with single words when we read Chinese,
12.
and our
6
immeasurably greater when we come to combine words in composition.
have understood that foreign composition is a somewhat simpler matter than ours.
difficulties are
13.
14.
Yes ; because in foreign languages, considered with reference to composition in them,
the single words are each referred to a particular category, and for the formation of these into
sentences and clauses 7 there are special works which set forth the rules of construction so
clearly
that they
be comprehended by the student at a glance.
may
Chinese for the positive definition of the laws of composition.

according to his recollection of the
read,
and
his sentence constructed,
Succeed
Can be determined:
lit,
he
is
in
writer constructs his sentences
which words are combined in the texts he has
enabled to link his sentences together in longer pieces
what good method have they ?
'
manner
There are no works of this sort in
verb to define, to determine,
= fix teith, accuracy. Note that the combination makes the

contains the potential auxiliary te within it, it is reinforced
ting-ti chun, fixing attain,
etc.,
and that although
it
by neng.
3
4
sound]
is
s
any
forth*
6
Whereas, on the other hand: ehih, to come to [another question, namely], jo, if.
criterion
lit., there is not a place [at which a person] can chmi, decide as by standard,
[that such a
No
the assured sound.
Learn them when young: hung, from =

at, the time when we are
that which is recognised, read, are
single characters.
Combine
ires
*
chi, to
little fellows,
we
hsien,
first,
= before we
go
cAut
and
4
,
to connect, to
clauses: to
Texts he has read
remember, and
sew together.
(note, not tu'),
a. clause in a sentence.
he remembers the fc* yang,
phraseology, chi tsai, recorded and inserted, in books.
chi, to record.
Note
PART
VIII.
483
of composition.
The single words in Chinese are classified generally in two grand categories, as
hsu tzu (empty or unsubstantial words) and shih tzu (solid or substantial words); but I have never
arrived at a thorough understanding of the distinction, though I have looked carefully into the
question over and over again.
The denomination
15.
shih tzu (substantial words)
is
generic of
words that have a
all
regular (or bond fide) signification and these are subdivided again according as they
employed into ssu tzti (dead words) and huo tzti, (live words).
may
It is
not so easy to define the precise characteristics of the hsu tzu.
be
For example, in the
mo
(Don't you want money? or, Won't you have money?) the word
pu yao
mo has no regular [say, translatable] meaning; it is used simply to show that the sentence is
Of the remaining words 2 in the sentence,
interrogative ;* it is a hsu tzu (an unsubstantial word).
sentence ni
pu
ch'ien
(not) has a substantive meaning,
and yet
in Chinese
it is
(thou), yao (to want), and ch'ien (money) are all shih tzu
ssti tzu (dead words) and huo tzu (live words), ni and
accounted a hsu
(substantial words).
ch'ien are
The words ni
tzu.
Distinguished as
is a
dead words, and yao
live word.
The word
passage before us,
-is
a live word, 4
yao tsai su (The essential is despatch), the words yao and su are unquestionably dead
Is there no live word then, you will say, in the sentence ? yes, to be sure
the word
or is in) is a live word. If you go farther and ask which words are substantial and
ch'i
phrase
words.
tsai
which we have just spoken of as a live word, and which, in the

may be used as a dead word elsewhere for instance, in the
yao, again,
(is,
which unsubstantial, the answer
is
that the two words ch'i and tsai, though each possesses a
regular meaning, are in this phrase accounted unsubstantial words.
denominations hsu tzu and shih tzu are quite capable 6 of

being interchanged, one for the other, as circumstances may require.
16.
17.
every word
It is evident, then, that the
6
Perfectly capable to such an extent that
is half a dead word and half a live word.
;
some people go the length
of saying that
of our language are somewhat more inflexible the terms in it have

not the convertibility of terms in Chinese. But now, to come to the English language, let us for
the moment separate [its grammar into] two grand divisions, the single words of the language
18.
The
limitations
In the one division the single words are referred each to one of
and the laws of sentences.

1
Interrogative
lit.,
that the k'ou chi, the air or tone of the sentence,
is
ting-wen
ti,
implying that the speaker knows what answer he must receive;
ting, properly, to fix, here
interrogating.
q.d.,
The verb
You want money,
don't you?
1
3
the remain-ing someones among.

Of the remaining words note the construction
The word yao, again jan-'rh, but jan, thus, this is so, irh, and yet ....
Is a live word leu jan, certainly, positively very commonly used where an admission
part to emphasise
an objection on the other ;
q.d,, it is
is
made on
the one
so here, no doubt, but, etc.
to yu, they possess in a great degree K, a principle, qualified by all

Quite capable note the construction
that intervenes between yu and li, viz., the according-to-time-and-circuinstance-able-to-interchange principle. The verb
t'ung in pien t'ung has the force of both per and trans in similar Latin compounds.
5
To such an extent
Limitations: hsien, to
are somewhat
sstt,
shen, in extreme degree, to such a degree as chih, to arrive at this, that there are people, etc.
mark bounds; chih, originally, to cut; laws; to govern; hsien chih, the Lnvs limiting
dead, inflexible.
484
ERH
TZtl
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
nine categories (the Parts of Speech); the other gives the rules by which single words are
into sentences, ;md sentences into longer sections of composition.
Is the distinction that
19.
we observe
in Chinese essays
sentences even in length) and tuan (odd sentences)

sentences) of which you have been speaking ?
Not the same
20.
in Chinese composition
at all the
between the ku
same
the chu fa that
it is
as the
is
(pairs of
chu fa (laws of
important, and
be paid: our theory
to the relative proportions of sentences only that attention has to
made
it is
is this,
mu
contain kang (a subject) and

(a
is the
the
The
of,
;
transaction,
condition,
qualifications
subject
spoken
person,
thing,
predicate).
the subject, as that it is right or wrong, existent or non-existent, active or passive, form its
It is hence evident that that in which there are nothing but ssu tzu, without any
predicate.
essential to the constitution of
it is
any sentence that
it
t'
//'<
f:tf.
"
"
rain,"
cannot well be regarded as a sentence; if, for instance, we were merely to say "man,"
horse," without adding a huo tzu to these three words, we should have the head of a
sentence without the
tail,
neither
being language with a meaning
more nor less; words so spoken could not be considered as

and the same, it is self-evident, 6 holds good of the exclusive
tzu.
The sentences, The man is good, It rains,
employment
any
The horse is fast, are sentences because their intelligibility is complete. 6
Then as to subject and predicate, in the first of these sentences the word j&n (man) is the
In the second sentence,
subject, and the words which treat of his qualities are the predicate.
in
Rain
is
case of
huo tzu without seu
and the word that treats of its falling

is the
subject, and the words treating of
falling (Anglice, It rains), yii (rain) is the subject,
or not falling
is
In the third,
the predicate.
ma
(horse)
the horse's rate of speed are the predicate.
SECTION
[THE
21.
tion,
but
speak
II.
NOUN AND THE
ARTICLE.]
The distinction of the kang from the mu is not wholly ignored in Chinese composihave never heard before of the distribution of words into nine categories that you
of.
22.
categories.
1
Naturally not, sir in Chinese the words are not assigned in this way to particular
In English, all such denominations as
transaction, circumstances, are
person, thing,
Essays
essays required at
*
The ku
win chang is used genetically of

modern examinations for degree.
are the
members
(lit.,
all
the thighs) of
'a
elegant composition, ancient or modern, but specially of the
p'ien of u>$n chang, a piece of elegant composition
and of equal length.

3
The tuan are single paragraphs of from 60 to 120 words.
between any two pairs of ku, or at longer intervals.
be
they must
in pairs
us of
life,
inn!
An
essay
may
be
all of tuan, or
may have tuan
predicate: kang, properly, the drag-rope of a net; the chief consideration with reference to the
subjects of writing, as
we
say, the worthier;
mu, the eye; used
chang-mu, accounts, mu-lu, an index.

5 Self-evident
pu tai yen i, one does not wait for words to
the end of sentences.
in the sense of subdivision or section.
Cf.
Intelligibility is
complete
lit.,
tell
one
i,
a classical expletive found only at
the words have no meaning over and above [what
is
expressed].
PART
VIII.
485
referred to the categorical classification of the language entitled nouns l (ming-mu).

"
"
"
"
man," book," illness," year," for example, are all ming-mu (nouns).
The words
When
a noun occurs in English, whether written or spoken, there is often prefixed to it

another word to show whether it has been the subject of a former proposition or not. In Chinese
no words are
there
know
specifically distinguished as performing this function still, when occasion demands,

a method of discriminating between definiteness and indefiniteness.
When we hear it said, for instance, yu ko jdn lai, yu i ko jen lui (A person is come), wo
that the person spoken of has not been spoken of before, and that in the mind of the
;
is
2
speaker there is an indefiniteness as to the individuality of the person in question. But if a
3
speaker were to say, no, ko jdn lai liao (The person, that person, is come), the hearer would
know that the person come was the person who had been earlier mentioned. By means of the
limitation thus clearly laid
Our words
23.
and
down by the
and
no,
die,
speaker, there
is
a positive indication [of the fact].
properly speaking, are employed to distinguish between this
that.
5
them by-and-by; but in the

not
that as distinguished from
employed
this [not the demonstrative pronoun], but serves, in short, to show that the proposition is not
indefinite [in other words, it is the definite article].
24.
phrase na
That
perfectly true; I shall return

ko jdn, given in paragraph 22, the na
25.
is
The Chinese word
ch'i
to that use of
7
is
would seem on some occasions, but not as a
rule, to
correspond
to the English definite article.
You
are right; in the phrase ch'i yu ti (The remaining ones), the word ch'i shows
definitively that all besides certain [things or persons] already excluded are included [in the
proposition of the speaker]. The ch'i in the phrase ch'i yao tsai tz'ti (The essential is this), again,
26.
But take the following:

serves specially to indicate the important point [in a proposition].
man
like that there is no telling what
hsiang fa na ko j(!n ch'i hsin pu k'o wen (With a
passing in his
mind)
(lit,
no questioning
is
his heart), the ch'i is simply to be construed as t'a
(he, his).
and Chinese 8 without any prepositive word; e.g., Man

created beings; Gold is heavier than silver; in these two sentences,
Nouns may be used both

is
the most intelligent of

1
Nouns
ming, name
all
mu,
in English
still
in the sense of subordinate divisions
q.d.,
name and
necessary to observe that although no violence is done to the real meaning of the combination
it nomina, the Chinese do not apply the term to any word as a grammatical distinction.
2
An indefiniteness many, a waste of waters, wu ting hxiang, no certain direction.
index.
It is scarcely
ming-mu by tran^
But if a speaker she,

Our words: note the
Cf. the Portuguese posto qite and our sup-pose.

; jo, if.
hsieh acting as a plural affix to chf, which, however, so far as Chinese granm
concerned, might with equal propriety stand either alone or be followed by ko.
s
Perfectly true: fe& jan, self-existent a matter of course; k'o, properly or permissibly; something as in our
:
to place, ponere
phrase, It
may
be stated as
6 I shall
an axiom
that, etc.
See 26,
na
k'o
pu
ts'o.
return: the ch'ieh, elliptical for chan ch'ieh, for the present;
hereafter again I speak.
lit.,
that for the present wait, [until]
=
Note ch'iieh, on the contrary, at the
chuan, special, particular, the word employed.
rendered in English by the disjunctive but at the beginning of the first.
8
=
English and Chinese: lit., in the language of both nations there are places instances [in which the words
with.
described] k'o she, may be dispensed
7
The na employed
head of the
last clause of the sentence,
486
"
Tzft
and
"
"
man,"
silver
gold,"
"
ERH
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
aro generic denominations, and as such can be used without any article
so with pn>|u-r names.
SECTION
III.
NUMERATIVE NOUN.]
[THE CHINESE
1
whenever a
Chinese nouns, on the other hand, have the following peculiarity:
2
an
associate
to
it
be
(or attendant)
noun, person, or thing occurs in Chinese, there may
prefixed
noun. In the sentences i ko jen, i wei kuan, i p'i ma, i chih ch'uan, the words ko, ivei, p'i, and
27.
c/'
the nouns attendant on jen (man)
<h are
kuan
(officer),
attendant nouns are not exclusively prefixes of the
ma
(horse),
and ch'uan
These
(ship).
nouns they accompany; they sometimes
In speaking, for instance, of horses or ships collectively, we may say ma-p'i

ch'uan-chih
(horses),
(shipping).
And where a noun has just occurred, the attendant noun may be used as a substitute
28.
follow them.
for
it,
mai
Suppose a person to have been buying cattle and to say to me,

cattle) yesterday I ask him, to-shao chih (how many head) did you
In this instance niu (cattle) is the
shih
chi chih (some ten head).
bought
as in the following case
liao
niu
was buying
(I
buy ? he answers,
noun proper, and
chih, the attendant
noun
the attendant
noun being substituted
proper, the repetition of the latter becomes unnecessary.

The attendant noun is also occasionally substituted for the
29.
written as well as in the oral language.
for the
noun proper
noun
in the
To conclude the true function of the attendant noun is, apparently, to distinguish
30.
the generic from the specific (or the general from the particular). The nouns t'ien, being huang
fien (Heaven), or tu, being hou t'u (Earth), 3 are general designations incapable of subdivision into
minor denominations they have consequently no attendant nouns associated with them. Where
:
the general designation [applies to what] is capable of subdivision into parts or items, the
attendant noun is of use in numeration in that it represents the item as distinguished from
the
total.
[These attendant nouns, therefore, will be spoken of henceforth as Numeratives,] and

now given for the use of the student of all the numeratives in connexion with the nouns
31.
list is
to which they are attached.
[The Numeratives arranged in alphabetical order.]

j-
f^ chan
[numerative of lamps e.g.,] Bring a lamp I want to read. The word chan is
synonymous with the word wan (a cup) ; you may say yi chan cli'a for a cup of tea, or yi
wan ch'a, with equal propriety; it is not, however, applied to hand lanterns
the
;
also
(teng lung),
numerative of which
'
is ko.
Peculiarity chuan shu, specially belonging

Associate ch'in; lit., the backing of cloth,
:
*
3
Heaven, Earth
Of. Coilns, father

Chinese-,"
a particular property.
to,
added to a flimsy material. See also 98, 15, Note 7

huang t'ien, sovereign heaven hou t'u, queen, or empress, earth the twin powers of nature.
"
of Saturn, and Tellus; also, ge
The
anassa, queen earth. See Sir JOHN DAVIS on Funeral Kites, in
:
Chapter VIII.
etc.,
PABT
THE PAHTS OF SPEECH.
VIII.
11 chang acts as the numerativo of
all
such words
487
as table, chair, bed, stool, bow,
2
paper, loom, net, as being things which show a certain broadness.
J*f[ chen [numerative of showers, gales, outbreaks, etc. ; e.g.,] a heavy fall of rain, a gale
of wind, an uproar, uproarious discussion, of a certain duration.
The word clten means, properly,
to fight an action, and is used as a numerative with reference to the suddenness which is the
condition [of the occurrences in question];

person or event] cannot wait.
number
is,
chi (a dose).
^fij
such eagerness to arrive that [the
implies, say,
properly, to board, as a ship, to get on, as a cart, or to mount, as a horse.

3
occasionally the numerative of chiao (sedan-chair), but ting is also used.
f}| ch'eng
It is
it
of drugs are
2}fl
chia
chi of medicine
made up
[literally,
a draught 4 composed of a
into pills, the composition
a frame; you
clock, a single tie-beam (wall-plate).
you may
is
say,]
number of drugs.
of
as
spoken
yi liao yo.
is
a piece of ordnance, a single
Of the tie-beam, you
hawk
When
or falcon, a
say, speaking of two, liang chia
but
also say i tui (a pair).
[HD
the space between four wooden pillars;

etc.; but we must be careful how we use it.
chien
it
is
is
consequently the numerative
For instance, when a person says,

has
a
whole
I have bought a fatig-tzit, he means that he
so, or a whole ch'u (a set of
bought
Were he to say, na ko fangpremises), comprising hao hsieh chien fang-tzti (several buildings).
of house, room,
a good house), the expression would be understood to apply to all premises 5

6
If you asked a man, How many chien are there in
inside the outer (lit., the great) gate.
tzti
hao (that
is
that house (na ko fang-tzU), and he were to reply, Some thirty chien, he would be speaking
of all the apartments 7 into which the house is capable of being subdivided [all the spaces
defined by four
wooden
In the palaces of Chinese

generally on the north side a building with an upper and lower
pillars],
without reference to their dimensions.
princes and dukes, there is

is subdivided into five or seven chien.
story, each of which
you are outside you say

say there are
We
wu
it is
All such words
Which show
when
a fang-tzti, of five or seven chien

you are inside the house you
In the following,
(five or seven rooms) [as the case may be].
speaker means that there are a number of chien in communication
note the fan supported by die, hsieh tzit at the end of the
it is because
a certain broadness note the literal meaning
its divisions,
; if
chien wu-tzti
ch'i
live in i ko ivu, the
two
Referring to
cla-.'
its
form slightly possesses a width-
Cf. our vulgar ivide-lilce.
fashion.
3
4
Ch'eng
is
generally applied to chairs to which bearers are attached
ting, to chairs
without the bearers.
draught lit., made into a broth to be drunk.

All premises note t'nng supported by tou, all.
:
The
great gate: i ko ta men, the one great gate; q.d., the sole great entrance.
All the apartments: construe, He does not distinguish great from small; an ko chien, he lays the hand
Observe that mi. aimingst other meanings, = ch it, to hold in the
on, *c., counts, each apartment, erh, and, speaks.
hand; both an and chit being commonly rendered according to; i/.il., by what I have hold of I infer. Note a similar
7
construction of 6rh shuo under the next numerative
also of erh lun,
under
li.
M of Mam-hu and Mongolian nobles; the

Princes and dukes: the wane/, princes, are the two hi;
fourth classes, arc also included in the generic term
kung, dukes, the fifth and sixth the beile and beitse,, third and
wang kung. The latter term, kung, has also been from ancient times the first of five orders of rank, to a certain extent
conferred for distinguished service; but the/w, palace, is distinctively the residence of the wang Inmg.
8
hereditary,
T/r KRH CHI.
488
with one another, and that there

t\M> live in
(/((<')!
-king the
When you
ft
fliicn
number
[originally,
may be exchanged
We
How many
ask,
he were
We
to say,
occupy the same apartment, comprised
in the
ckien are there in this liu of fang-tzu,
of houses in the row.
With such nouns
clothing.
If
but one door for ingress or egress.
is
he would mean,
u-u--t:ti,
u four pillars.
.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
to divide;
to
enumerate]
the only numerative of articles of
is
as affairs, utensils, despatches, etc., to
for other numeratives, as ckuang,
a pair]
4?t chih [properly, half
is
yang, and
which
it
acts as numerative,
it
t'ao.
the numerative of fowl, duck, goose, ox, sheep,
tiger,
arm, hand, foot, eye, all of which being

tilings that make pairs (J
shuang), chili is employed to show that a half pair is meant. Of a
of
for
shoes,
eliuang
instance, you say that one chih has been lost.
box, and
ship,
like
also, of shoe, boot, stocking,
words;
jfc chih [a branch or twig] i chih la (a candle)

vhure a number of flower-blossoms are growing on the
;
and
but kuan (a tube)
ti
pi (a pencil)
(a flute),
difference between rhih and chih-tzu: you
[properly, the
cli<m
!f[il
mounted
the word chou
is
i chih
hua
(a stalk of flowers)
same stem.
more common.
You may
is
used
use chih with
Observe that there
is
say a chih-tzu (column) of troops or irregulars.
may
nave of a wheel].
The expression i chou hua-'rh signifies a
is used with reference * to the two knobs of the roller which
show themselves at the lower end of the scroll. For the same reason the kao-feng (patents
according rank to the parents or ancestors of an official, be they living or dead) are spoken
of as
many chou
so
brin,!,'
in number.
the numerative of language, oral or written.
"flj
chii is
chiian [a numerative of book, document, etc.]
or return), 2 or with shu (a book)
<>r
rods of joss-stick) held together
at/ (say,
hat
;
you may use
it
with
ts'e-tzti
(a roll
more common with both.

;
the numerative of joss-stick
by a paper band are called a
ku
a number of chu
(a limb),
and
five
kw
packet).
ch'u (place)
fgji.
walls
is
chu [properly, the wick of a lamp]
j|3i
(sticks
but pen
is
synonymous with ti-fang
(a certain extent of space).
When you
you have bought
i ch'u fang-tzti (a house), you include all

premises within the boundary
the
same
of
a
which
has
no
you might say
single building
boundary walls.
ch'uan [a string of things strung together, as] pearls, priests' beads, court beads, 3 cash
A string of priests' beads or court beads may also be spoken of as a kua of beads. The
numerative of bead, as a single bead, is k'o.
Is
'
it,
used with reference
superior to inferior
patent
is
ku fa'a ti'ai shuo, because of this therefore [do men] say

The kao-feng are, literally, mandates conferring rank kao, intimation of
hence rank. Note that kao-feng is more properly to confer such rank the
note the construction
fing, properly,
fief,
kao-ming.
.'',
(ttt
Part VII,
3
the
being placed at the end of the clause.
fourtli
roll
or return,
xc.,
of persons, such as a muster
roll,
a census return, etc.;
ts'e
also read ch'ai
9).
Court
IH-;K].-:
the
ncckliii.-f
ami higher grades; clt'uan
worn
is
in full dress
by
civilians of the fifth
the numerative of necklace, etc.
and higher grades; by military men of
PART
chuang
is
%fi ch'uang (a bed)
fang
into the ground.

It is used in the spoken
of
where
the
the
affair),
object
speaker is to speak specially of
The numerative chien is much more common with shih-ch'ing.
used with coverlid, mattress, carpet.
numerative of broken brick and stone
(square),
489
wooden stakes driven
(piles),
language with shih-ch'ing (an

one matter amongst a number.
~)j
THE PAETS OF SPEECH.
VIII.
[in
regular heaps],
also of
excavation [work].
"
fp n9
ifej
letter
tzti,
and
r igi na lly,
a seal; hence, to seal up]. It acts as the numerative of

It means, properly, to keep concealed 3 this is why it is used with shu-
like words.
shu-hsin
fief;
later,
(letters).
3
[properly fu*, also fu (see below) a strip, numerative of paper] is not the
same as chang ; it rather approaches t'iao ; still, the difference of width [respectively indicated
4
A fu (sheet) of note-paper is a chang of note-paper.
by the two words] is not so very great.
/-
tyS
Speaking of pu (cloth) you
by the/u,
may
say a fu? (length of cloth), or you
may number
lengths of silk
pjlj
fu
numerative of certain things in pairs
[a
originally, to divide in
always with reference to sets in pairs, as a pair of tui-tzn

them), a set of ear-rings but a set of buttons consists of five.
(scrolls
two
hence] used
with verses, mottoes, upon
bin [a bough, numerative
of] ch'iang, [whether translated as] musket or singleof

of
If the ch'iang be a ch'av</ch'a, three-pointed spear.
ch'eng, steel-yard;
pointed spear;
ch'iang (sc., spear, not musket), it is equally correct to use t'iao as the numerative but t'vio
flp
cannot be used [with ch'iavg as musket, or] with the other nouns mentioned.
$|
pole,
ken [properly, a root below the ground]
bamboo
nouns
similar
is
the numerative of mast,
pole, lamp-wick, felled timber, hair of the

;
always having reference to form.
With
flagstaff, staff
or
[or body], hair of the beard, and

kuen-tzu, a staff or porter's pole, it is as
head
correct to use t'iao as ken.
ko [anciently, besides other meanings, an individual], used in a great many different

but
more constantly in such phrases as cM ko jen (this man), che ko li (this sense.
positions,
With other nouns it may or may not 6 be
principle, theory), che ko tung-hsi (this thing).
tljjij
employed.
is
^J*: k'o
never employed but as the numerative of
k'o [originally,
a small head
tree.
hence the unit of small round things], used with pearl,

Any round thing can in general be
head decapitated; in both cases with reference to form.
numbered by
k'o.
Note
See also
chiieh'-tzii, a
to,
peg
e.g.,
To keep concealed
Not
Mnv
so very great
or
may
not
single bricks, etc.,
note the construction k'uan

lit.,
is Tc'uai,
a piece.
word properly lias the meaning of t" wrap up [so

lit.,
Note the polysyllable pao-tsamg-pu-lao-ti, formed by ti into an attributive of li.
note the construction:
that there shall be] non-appearance.

4
a tent peg.
The numerative of
below.
when
because
cliai,
tliis
the width
elsewhere using the word ko,
all
of.
[such use of
it] is
huo yung, conditional
use.
62
490
ERH
TZfr
P
many
k-ott
mouth)
(the
But though
persons.
of so
with cooking-pan, bell, sword, water-jar
does act as numerative to all these nouns, there is a distinction
you may use
it
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
it
to be observed regarding its use with persons.
Males and females spoken of collectively are
spoken of separately are also k'ou; of men, you say so many ming (names) or so
many ko (individuals). The word too with k'ou means weapon (sc., a sword) you may also say
1
The bell described as i k'ou chuny is
i pa too for a sword also, for the pork-butcher's knife.
Jtfou; females
that
hung
in temples
ku
JJ
it
has no tongue, 2 and has to be struck to
[properly, the
too (a road or way),
k'uai (a
^|f
kuan
under part of the thigh
ku = t'iao;
in
make
it
sound.
one of the numeratives of road]

is found with lu (road).
with
more polished conversation ku
a piece); you may use it with dollar, ink-cake, brick, door-slab (pien);
but it is very comprehensive; e.g., take a dollar and buy a carpet (or, [someone] bought a
carpet with a dollar).
bit,
(a tube),
numerative of things that are hollow within and present a certain
length [to the grasp] for instance, pencil, flute, clarionet

be exchanged for chih (numerative of branch, stalk, etc.).
;
in all
which
cases,
however,
it
may
3
|Jj k'uen [properly, to bind in a bundle], used with firewood, as faggot straw, etc., as
bundle onions, as bunch meaning always that some of the article spoken of is bound up.
;
$L U
[properly, a grain of
rice],
used, as having reference to the form of the article,
with rice or with pill

ling [properly, the neck], used only with hsi-tzu (mat)
[U mien
(a face) is
numerative of gong, drum,
and
flag or banner,
ûei
pao (rush
screen).
mirror [of glass or metal].
All articles that have a pa*-'rh (handle that

}fi pa [properly, to grasp in the hand].
3
All such nouns, for instance, as
the hand can lay hold of) are enumerated as so many pa
5
take
slice
(kitchen utensil), fork, fan, lock,
pa. With i-tzu (chair) you may use
tea-pot, knife,
.
pa
or chuinj.
[properly, to wrap] is numerative of
7
such, for instance, as sugar, opium.
^J pao
packages
^C pen [properly, the

With shu you may use chuan
'
Butcher's knife
Tongue
(o
4
,
all
articles
that can
be made into
lower trunk of a tree] is used with shu (book), chany (accounts).

(chapter), but not with chang.
t'u', originally, to flay
clapper of a bell
to kill
hu, a person
t'u
hu, the slayer,
described in an ancient commentary as the
mu
sc.,
of pigs.
she,
wooden tongue, of chin
mouth.
t'ou, the metal

3
K'un
is
Rush
screen
Slice
properly written with the 64th Radical.

:
u-ci,
the bulrush
pao', a coarse screen
made
of the bulrush.
plate of tin or iron with a long handle, used to take things fried out of the pan.
6
Whatsoever be things that [man] can wrap up out of sight, [speaking of
Packages: note the construction
Observe that the subject of both verbs, shou-kuo and ywig,
these] all, can [one] use pao to act as the attendant word.
In Latin fan^cumque in qiuncumque, the qua being represented
is in reality jen understood.
which stands for
:
the ch'an?
is
flat
by
things;
thou=in
termination in
7
in involve; the
bilis.
words
ch'i lai=t\ie inflexion of
the passive participle in
dm,
ti,
or the verbal adjective
Coin a word and the sentence would run Quascumque sint involubilia.
t'u, suioke-cky, so called from the colour and form of the balls in which the drug
Opium: yen
is
imported.
PART
04
ma
which
491
amongst other meanings, the unit of horses], the only numerative of

may also use t'ou (head), and under certain conditions ko,
p'l [anciently,
(horse)
VIII.
with ass and mule you
the invariable numerative of camel.
is
/E
p'i [originally written as p'i (numerative of horse), forty Chinese feet], sole
tive of silk piece goods, satin,
where nothing has been cut
damask, lawn, gauze, cotton fabrics;
off [as
we
it
is
numera-
properly applied only
say, the piece].
p'ien [originally, before the invention of paper, a bamboo writing tablet], numerative
(the essay in measured prose), fu (the essay in rhyming prose), and lun (the
in
four
essay
paragraphs) each of these terms signifying a piece of composition. The question,
How many p'ien are there in this book ? has reference to the number of sheets ( = leaves) the
^fff
of
wen chang
p'ien here has a different sense from the p'ien used of a piece of composition.
$j| p'u (to spread out)
is
The p'u*
you always use chang.
used with no noun but kang (stove-bed)

in p'u-tien (shop),
with ch'vang (bed),
though syllabically the same, has a different
tone.
house) is the same as i ch'u fang-tzti, both referring

to the whole range of buildings within the entrance gate.
pj\ so (a place)
J|
fan],
its
shan
is,
on account of
i so fang-tzit (a
properly, an article used to drive
resemblance to which a door
its
doors and windows yet

"||
poetry
is
still
wanting.
hence, a beginning
here, a stanza] is only used with
[originally, the head
a
of
as
word marking the beginning and ending
the lines [lit, sentences, sc., that
shou
q.d.,
there are four or five
1
away the heat and give oneself air [a
called shan.
That house has not got all
make
a stanza]. The writer makes any number of stanzas according to the subject of his
verse, and the number of lines in each stanza varies it may be four, eight, twelve, or at the
most sixteen. The stanzas are not necessarily of an even number one may with equal propriety
2
make a poem
of four or five stanzas, or of
some
score.
t'ai is, properly, to carry, as two or more persons lifting an object by united action.
funeral the bier may have as many as sixty-four t'ai (bearers) [hence, applied to the
thing borne, the numerative of presents sent]. The smallest wedding trousseau consists of eight
Whenever presents
t'ai ; if the family be wealthy, there may be as many as a hundred or more.
At a
are sent to anyone, the t'ai are in pairs.

Iff tan
is
a load 3 such as one
man
carries over his shoulder
on a
porter's pole.
The
tan ch'ai-huo (he is carrying a load of fuel) means that the person spoken
phrase
of bears the pien tan (the flat pole) on his shoulder, and that fuel is borne at the two ends of
If the fuel borne be but a single faggot or parcel, it would be borne (tiao) on a
the pole.
t'a t'iao-cho i
kun-tzu
(a staff or stake) [not
on a pien tan, and the said
staff]
would be k'ang [not
t'iao]
on the shoulder.
1
Drive away heat
ch'ii',
properly, to drive
away wild animals
to drive
away
shu, heat, and chao fcng,
invite air.
2
sui
tso,
The
writer, shih chia, the verse
man, the
poet, k'an
proceeds to make, verse stanzas many or few.

3
Tan*, the load carried tan', to carry a load.
;
t'i,
looking to what
is
propounded,
= ft m,
his subject,
TZU KRH CHI.
77
tint
ttn>
ci knife),
one upon tho other
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
a quantity of sheets laid

only used with paper, a too of paper being
employed with reference to the effort required to cut through a quantity
of paper so placed.
ill tm> (a road) is used always in the sense of t'iao (a strip), with river, bridge, wall,
wound
The bridge
or breach. Imperial Decree.
outside the front gate of the capital
is
a san tao
clrlno (a triple bridge). 1
i t'ao
an outer casing, a wrapper; now, among other senses, a book wrapper];

shu means a number of books in one wrapper. One fao may be the whole of a work, or
a work
t'tio
may
[properly,
be divided into several
>
t'ao
i-shang (a suit of clothes)
is
a p'ao (the long
and you t'ao (slip

sizes which fit one into the
first,
$j?
t'ao.
(the somewhat shorter outer garment) you ch'uan (put on) the p'ao
over it) the kua. I t'ao chiu pei is a set of twelve wine cups of graduating
kua
inner garment) and a
other.
'mo [properly, a twig];
it is
common
with silk (as a single thread), cord (as a single
sense (q.d., the sense or principle of a thing), street, road.

string), sash, girdle, chain, dog, rainbow,
You may use Piao with ho (a river), but also tao.
HA
cataplasm).
of the
Tft
/<
fit
t'ieh
'/<!/
(the
(a
to
crown of the head)
bud)
nouns.
is
[anciently,
The common word
for the
bud'2
but
also,
a target
here, as a stack], like
to,
the numera-
a regular heap, tui an irregular one.
to is
used with ox, mule, ass; it is equally correct to use ko with these
chih, not by fou.
[The word t'ou is the numerative to many
head ornaments, cap plumes, etc.]
numbered by
are
tu [anciently, a wall of
Mfe.
tui
is
the numerative of chair, cap.
is
an ante-chamber
other nouns, such as garlic,
in confusion.
(sc.,
ku-to.
/'on (the head),
Sheep
not used as a numerative except with plaster
as a numerative, only used with flower.
wood, bricks, or earth

Jjj|
is
of gold-leaf consists of ten sheets.
unopened flower
5^
tive of
[properly, to stick on]
t'ieh
like to (a heap);
Like
to it is
fifty feet
but
long]
is
to applies to
numerative of wall; tu or
tao.
things regularly stacked, tui, to what
is
piled
used with wood, brick; also with earth and like things. 4
iJPI tun [originally, to bow the head to the ground

subsequently, a turn or time hence,
a meal], numerative of meal, flogging, as though implying a certain fulness or completeness.
;
J?{? /.so [properly, the standing part of a bed

mountain, tomb, temple, pagoda, walled town.
Triple bridge
Bud: the ku'
any seat
a stand for vases,
etc.],
used with
a bridge of three roads side by side.
in ku-to
has no meaning.
one to wood, one to bricks, [men] saying effect [this proposition,

Regular order: note the construction
that] there is pai, an array, te, cHcvting, i-h'i, in regular order, dicng, composing ; = the two expressions mean wood and
bricks placed in regular order.
4
Like things:
ti
inds, things
homogeneous.
1'AltT
VIII.
493
If-
-Hi tsun [properly, that which
is
respected,
specially as ruler or father]
you use
it
with
p'uo (cannon), but you also use wei and chia.

fji wei (a
ffi wei
three officials
tail),
numerative of
means the proper
fish
t'iao
may
also be used with fish.
any person or tiling, whether standing up or seated

a single cannon some visitors.
position of
of the rank of ta-jen ;
3c w^n
[originally, streaks of any kind; later, writing, composition] is numerative of

but
nothing
copper cash. A single cash is commonly spoken of as i ko to. ch'ien. Were you
3
to ask, How many cash (chi iven ch'ien) does such a thing cost ? the answer would be to shoo ta
many cash). The use of the word in this capacity is found

when
cash were coined 5 with an inscription upon them.
dynasty,
ch'ien (so
to date
from the Chou
H^ yen
(the eye)
is
used as numerative of
well.
SECTION
IV.
[NUMBER, SINGULAR AND PLURAL.]

32.
Proceeding next to the consideration of the numbers of nouns, the difference
between the Singular and the Plural, we find that the Chinese language has a large variety
of forms by which the one number is distinguished from the other: in some cases the noun
itself,
without the addition of a numeral, will act as a noun of number
in some, plurality is
represented by the reduplication of the noun; in some, such words as the following are
employed
chung
to
to
to
(all,
(many)
a multitude)
shao* (a large
hao hsieh ko
tou
may
it
(a
ta chia
number)
good many)
(all
chu
(all)
fan
(all
te'ng
where the number of a noun has
Lastly,
or
(all)
(all
specially, both)
ch'iian (the whole, entire)
shao 3 (how many)
chun
the persons)
whatever)
(a class, a sort).
to be stated numerically, the
numeral may precede
follow the noun.
Respected
cannon are had in special respect, and under certain circumstances are
See note
sacrificed to.
",
below.
3
Three officials: in German, French, Italian, and other languages, indeed, though more rarely, in English,
the appellative of respect is tacked somewhat in this way to certain nouns, but appositively, not numeratively e.g., their
The French might translate chi, i wei p'ao by monsieur It
lord-ships the commissioners, messieurs les deputes, etc.
;
(lit
canon.
3
Were you
three, four, or
<
the prince
5
Chou
to ask, etc.,
= Did
you use wen
in
your question, ko would be used in the answer, were the cash
any number.
Chou dynasty
who suppressed
:
First coined
dynasty, when,
the last of the three long dynasties which preceded our era, overthrown about B.C. 200
his brother feudatories and made himself Emperor of all China.
construe thus:
in coining cash,
the origin of the use of the word wen [in this connexion] had
were added thereon.
tail, written words,
wen
its
by
cause in the
494
Tztr
number
(very many, a great
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
Take the following examples
33.
to
ERH
hear chung
jn
(all
men, everyone) say that hen
of) people are come.
34._How many are there ? There are IMO hsieh ko (a good number).
What kind of people are they l (ton) ? They are chun (all) people
35.
of perfectly good
dial
have they ch'ilan (all) come, or come in a body? They have to chia (all)
wei (you gentlemen) 3 to manage for them ?
public business, which they beg chu
4
These men (jen teng) of
There is a clue [to be found in] fan shih (all affairs).
37.
Why
36.
course returned at once.

5
In the phrase, A number of people are come,
[that is, if shao be read with the 4th tone].
38.
hsil to
to
shao
may be
used in the sense
you cannot be sure whether one person is come or more

it may be employed where two people are come, or three; of more than three, the common
phrase would be yu chi ko jen.
In the phrase
39.
lai,
say hao hsieh ko jen (a good few) you mean that the
1
a glance how many there are.
tolerably large, such that you cannot tell at
When you
40.
is
yu jen
number
of persons
The people (na hsieh jen-men) in that house (the members of that family) are on
41.
8
with each other.
bad
terms
very
Unless the speaker is alluding to persons, the word men is not employed. 9
42.
The words niu yang in the phrase t'a lai ti shih mai niu yang (He is come to
Were
sell oxen and sheep) must not be construed as meaning a single niu or a single yang.
a person to say t'a yao mai chih niu or mai p'i ma, he would certainly mean that he was
43.
going to
is
one ox or one horse.
sell
In fl'' </! if'n fang-tzti, one chien only is meant, but cM fang-tzti means that there
44.
a number of chien (apartments), greater or less, in the house. [See the numerative chien,
p. 487-]
1
They: ton evidently pluralising the
Good
how
You
character
gentlrini'ii
All
Number
affairs
subject, otherwise untranslatable.
liang shan, virtuous, good citizens, the opposite of hsiung
see farther
of people
flo,
violent
and
vicious.
wei, all [your] worships.
</<
on the compound relative fan; these men, jen
hs'd, originally, to listen to, to permit
teng,
man
class,
= more than one.
in ancient texts also found with chi, as chi htu,
many.'
6
7
3
Tolerably large
Tell
lit.,
as
it'
rhiao, to
:it
compare
here,
and
often,
= rather.
nnr planer you cannot reckon clearly.
had terms: observe jw before ho
mu=wi
in unfriendly, dis in disagreeable; so t'ai
pu
ya, very ill-bred
or discourteous.
!><
noted that men may inako the plural of most personal nouns and all personal pronouns. You
hsieh jen-rmn, those people, ta-jcn-men, their excellencies; k'e-shang-men, the merchants; but it is used
not always, where the noun is preceded by a demonstrative
pronoun or the definite article. The nouns
are used both as singular and plural: ni-min-ti ych-men ton san-liao mo? have all your
It should
may
say
na
dly, if
yeh-i"
:!
"Mice!
yu ko
niang-'rh-mett lai, there is a
woman
come.
The
chi-mo-cho, na-mo-r/to, the cho being probably corrupt for cM, the classical relative.
syllable
men becomes me
or
mo
in
PART
VIII.
495
[The following examples illustrate a variety of plural formations.] There are some
How many? Four. What are they come about, those people? They have
people come.
some
horses
here.
Who is going to buy the horses ? They are not all going to be
brought
45.
sold
one
be possibly bought.
may
much
I don't
care to
SECTION
buy
horses.
V.
[CASE.]
The English noun has three distinct modes 2 of use assigned it, which are variously
3
As no such distinctions exist in Chinese, we shall here
according to circumstances.
46.
applied,
make
shift
with a series of three places, the order of which the reader will find illustrated in
5
if he will have the
goodness to look at them.
the four paragraphs following,
[The Nominative, as ansivering the question Who, What, Which.]
Who
smashed
48.
Who
was
49.
Which
47.
smashed
Who
(or,
is
that has smashed) the tea-cup
it
it
that wrote these words
That
the most intelligent of animals
is
man CHANG 7
The
[The Objective, as ansivering the question
Whom
50.
What
51.
That small child
it.
Going
Three
to
that small boy beating
is
is
that
be sold
woodman doing
construe
modes
distinct
lit.,
not [the case that]
it is
dog.
Whom, What,
beating the
is
He
all
Which.]
little girl.
cutting boughs off trees.
is
must
sell
buy one head [someone] indeed may.
the English in the use of nouns define three forms.
Variously applied, according to circumstances
Make
will bear in
employed interchangeably.
we shall fen
mind the history
shift: ch'iian-ch'ieh, provisionally,
The reader
He
there
classes or gradations.
wrote them.
make
or invent a division into, san teng, three

case.
The nominative of the noun being
from it; thus, properly speaking, the nominal
ch'u,
of our
word
the perpendicular, the cases were the divergences, the fallings away
not a case at all but as it is in all inflected languages the first of the series of forms so styled,
made the first of the three classes between which and the cases an analogy has been attempted.
;
them]
has here been
Have
to be
6
it
the goodness: lit., please look at the four paragraphs below; chiu shih, in that case [you will find
pang-yang, examples, of the division into three ting, places in a series.
Who
smashed tea', to smash by throwing down or letting fall. Note the construction, which might be
The f<! in speech would as often as not be ti; it is best to treat it as a
transposed, as tsa-te na ch'a wan shih shui.
verb auxiliary of the verb immediately preceding it, and so with U in hsieh-tc in the two following examples, whether
you construe thus, Who is it that wrote these words 1 or, Whose writing are these words the latter idiom giving force
:
>.
to shili as the verb substantive, the subject of which

7
That man
to begin shih
na ko
CHANG
note the
hsiiiy Chauij
ti, it
na
is
then the word
tztt,
kojeii following hsing Chant/
would
still
end as
ti,
which
in the
former we treat as the
the xurnamed ("'HAM: one.
Were
Woodman
ch'iaofu, the
man who
M-ntence
in the text.
8
Animals: ch'u 4 sheng, the brute; also used, as with us, of people, as a term of abuse; ch'u, read
liu ch'u, the six ch'u, are horses, oxen, sheep, poultry, dogs, and pigs.
9
olij<
tin-
ch'iao*, collects fuel, is k'an shti chi-tzti, cutting tree boughs.
7i<", to
rear;
496
ERH
TZtJ
as ansivering the question Whose, or of What.]
[Tlie Possessive,
Whose was
52.
Had you
53.
lent
that book
that he has lost
made him a
not
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
present
was that book of mine.
It
book of yours
of that
No
it
was only
him.
54_ Well,
him
then, ask
book of his
for that
to replace yours.
His
is
not the same
as mine.
What day
55.
asked
did you lend
Why
56.
me
to lend
If
57.
died
it
him, but
it
it
him
him
it
him the day
I lent it
He met me
before yesterday.
and
in the street carrying the book,
I refused.
how came he by
refused,
you
it ?
When
I said I
wouldn't
let
him have
he
it,
my hand, and said he would return it in a couple of days.

6
this was abominable, really; you had better not associate with him any more.
out of
Oh
58.
did you lend
'.
[The following show the three Cases.]

59.
to
According
English grammar,
parent's
house, the word tsei-fei (outlaws)
/'/</-, :/f
(house)
possessive
60.
outlaws.
in the sentence
the
first
case),
The outlaws have burned
my
place in the series (the nominative case),
and lao jen chia
(parent's) the third (the
c;ise).
Who set fire to anything?

if you put the following questions:
A
was
burn
?
house.
Whose
house
it?
What did they
My parent's house.
61.
this
is
second (the objective
tlic
is
scries,
This
is
shown 9
The
In a word, in every case the noun representing the agent 10 is in the first place of
the noun representing that which is acted on is in the second, and the noun
in the third.
representing the possessor,
'
book?
/in-'.',
\Vhosc was
has
pOBSes.-1-cl.
It would be generally pronounced ti=one, or that which;

q.d., the lost one is whose
the construction is probably this: tin, to lose, tiu-tc, loss achieved, lost; [someone]
The ti in shui ti, clearly = (e, to obtain, to possess; the who
>nk: that book] is whose book.
hook:
tlint
'lahVis
Tin
lo>t
In
fa
possessed by
(if
Compare the answer,
whom, whose, book.
It
was that I-possessed book, that book belonging to
me, *> of mine.

2
which
it
Made
present:
before
jii
"
p&n
acts us the possessive
.7i
would be quite correct to introduce another ni.

3
Only lent so translated to give due emphasis to the denial.
:
participial
inflexions in
Came
lie
by
it
the force of the inflexion

5
.Snatched
it
As-o.-iate:
from y '"'>', Imt from
</i'iv
:
how
1*
pronoun, not as the subject of sung, before
Note two
ti,
both=(e, and both acting as our
ml.
Treat no, liao ch'ii ea = abstra)io, ami >,' as giving

achieved, the having taken it away.
compare the use of the auxiliaries avoir and arere in parallel constructions.
a)ixtr<i..ii;
In,
from
./,'/;,(,/,
to
he from my hand within, violently, lit., unyieldingly, tore it away.

go through, as a string through things strung; huan, to exchange; ch'uan I
intimate relations.
7
Mil parent's: note the
also ineiins, vulgarly,
u.-e
of ini-im'n instead of the singular;
Inn
j,',<
,!/;,
would not be
\vron--.
mode of expression.
on and one answer you will then perceive it.
10
Agent: /i.<i'ii;/ /<', the one thai acts; acted on, subjected, xtmn li, the one that receives; possessor,
the one to whom [ihe prupertyj MOII-.-; fcuet, lo return; com[)are re-vert.
commonly rendered
ti,
n-<>
Shown
III.,
but
myself.
how can
[one] see
it
pl.rase,
l;n
,'
i!
PART
VIII.
SECTION
497
VI.
[GENDER.]
The sexes
62.
of the
brute creation, as
kimy
wood, and stone
Mountain, water,
63.
than he
is
[Sex
man and
that
human
of the
race are distinguished as
(male) and
mu
nan (man) and nu (woman); those

No inanimate; thing has gender.
'
(mother).
are all considered inanimate things.
distinguished sometimes by particular designations, sometimes not <>,.y.,] Are

woman sitting there husband and wife ? No a brother, and a sister younger
;
that
is.
have bought seven chickens, of which two are cocks, and five, hens.
The male of horses is erh mu (stallion); the female, k'o ma (mare).
The bull 2 is [colloquially] kuwg niu ; the cow, mu niu.
64.
65.
66.
SECTION
[THE ADJECTIVE
AND
ITS
VII.
DEGEEES OF COMPARISON.]
For the qualifying 3 and classifying [in the order of their qualities] such of the TJ//
as are shih-tzu (nouns substantive), other words must be added to them.
The substantive
67.
mu
as
it
were the principal
the word added to qualify and describe
degree, the auxiliary
its
is.
(its
adjective).
The word "good," for instance, means nothing by itself; it leaves you nowhere f
"
"
"
"
you must add person or thing to it, and then it will serve the purpose of qualification.
68.
For instance, in the phrases This

serves to characterise " (or describe) the man.
69.
In This paper
different kinds of paper.
70.
71.
the words
"
is
is
a good man, This
white, That paper
is
red, the
man
words
"
is
good, the word
white
"
and
"
red
"
"
good
"
specify
In the phrases Coarse paper and line paper, This paper is coarse, That paper is fine,
"
"
coarse
and " fine distinguish the [one paper from the other as differing in] degree
[of fineness or coarseness].

7
[Degrees of Comparison.] There is, farther, a gradation of increase and decrease
to be observed in the employment of the adjective, which the following section will explain.
72.
Has gender: yin, the female principle of nature; yang, the male. Note the term
The bull mang properly, a piebald ox or cow not used colloquially.
Mti
fen hsiang, dividing into sorts ting ting, determining ranks.

3
4
the jaw or cheek hence
Auxiliary fu chu, to stand by and assist, as a minister his Sovereign fit , properly,
in
its
the
wheel
the wood which keeps
place.
5 Nowhere: cho
You .say that an atfair has
definite whereabouts of anything.
lo, bottom found in sounding,
3
Qualifying
eho lo
when
it is
satisfactorily disposed of.
Characterise
Gradation: ti'engtz'u;
lit.,
does the service of distinguishing the sort or quality.

lit.,
succession of layers.
63
40S
6RH
TZtT
He
73.
is
most intelligent of
intelligent than anyone.
That
74
Of
still.
You
intelligent.
is
all
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
more
are
intelligent.
He
is
more
these people.
is the most intelligent
He
impracticable.
That
is
are
more
man
He
intelligent than he.
He
intelligent than those people.
is
more
1
in the world.
more impracticable. 2
these methods the most impracticable
[all]
You
That
is
more impracticable
is that.
75._The highest roof in Peking is that of the Emperor's palace.

He has more money than I (or, His fortune is larger than mine).
76.
not to be compared
to his.
77.
My
abilities are
78.
He
is taller
79.
Which
of those two speaks the better
Who
the most learned 5 of these three?
than
I (or, I
am
shorter than he).
mandarin
Li
is
rather the better speaker of
the two.
80.
is
SECTION
Also Li.
VIII.
[THE PRONOUN.]
81.
himself when he is
[Personal Pronouns.] The word by which a man designates
wo (I, me) the word by which I designate anyone that I am addressing in conversa(i
is
talking
tion
person besides you and myself is p'ang

allude to him in conversation with each other, we designate
ni (thou, thee).
is
you and
The
82.
concerned)
83.
Any
plural of the personal
ni-men
(ye)
pronoun
is
wo-men
(we)
jn
him
(a third party),
and
if
fa.
tsa-men (we two,
or, all
of us
t'a-men (they).
The word fa may be used
in speaking of birds
and brutes
in Chinese, but
it is
not
often applied to inanimate things.

7
If you were to ask,
Speaking of a dog, you can say, t'a (he) is a good watch-dog.
Is that table taken away, the person addressed would reply, tin Rao ch'u liao ; he could not say,
84.
nn kun
T'A ch'u liao.
under heaven.
'
In the world
More impracticable you might transpose kcng and shih, or introduce shih before tsai.
Xot to be compared pi pn ch'i, cannot rise to a level with his abilities on comparison.
lit.,
T,
;
shorter: his then liang*, his body-measure, stature.
which is strong
[jo lun, if we consider] these three men's lisio-wen, learning,
rh'iang here strongest, because the comparison is of more than two; in the foregoing sentence,
Must, learned: construe thus:

.'
two only are compared.

note the construction:! to >hui, whom, whomsoever, = anyone, am speaking; [my] ch'cng
Observe that the relation of these indefinite relatives to their antecedents, as also
thui, designation of anyone is ni.
<ro'/
r,
ber;in-e
Addressing:
that
'it'
tin-
correlative conjunctions,
or pronouns;
e.g.,
ni
110,0
to-shao,
'i
= wh.
11
constantly represented in Chinese, as here, by reduplication, especially of verbs

na to-shao, you can take whatever number you want, or, as many as you want;
want many or few, you can take many or few sit Hi ji'n xli/i ?c, be it person, be it tiling
you come upon them so make use of them; sui, to follow, here and
:
or tiling, sui chao s>n //.</, as
ling to.
7
is
Tc'o
Cf. geqiiar,
Good watch-dog: note
secumln m.
lai, auxiliary,
following kou, the object of
t'i ch'i.
PART
85.
2.
The man whom
did you go to see ?

a teacher who used l to teach
4.
5.
CHANG.
6.
Is
7.
What
lane
8.
I said
Tiger-skin Lane
is
his
g.
That
Whom
1 1
He
is
What
He is
14.
Which
15.
1
6.
did you say
17.
am
You
86.
is
he teaching them
Who
still
9
putting the
he
lives outside the walls.
my
relations.
official
yourself, sir
book that you gave me
at the
was
[e.g.,]
it
that
it,
correspondence,
the younger in the Four
last year.
10
told
you
come
to
she n -mo
na
whether
ko,
jen (what person was
it,
etc.)
etc.).
are
you come
room
to rights.
You may
89.
lives
the pronoun shui (who) only of persons; shfo-mo and
(shui)
What
88.
of Great East Street,
abler than the elder.
is
you reading now
ko jen (what person was
am
CHANG
made the more way
of the two has
are
use
is
speaking of persons or things

87.
the lane fourth from the south end
side.
think the younger
What
instructing the elder in

Books. 7
Lane
he teaching at present ?
teaching two people, both of them
13.
2.
mandarin. 2
lives in Tiger-skin
not the lane in which
is
10.
me
'.
CHANG who
the
it
name
on the west
wont to see was not at home.
Whom
He is
What
3.
499
[Relative Pronouns.]
1
na
VIII.
for
am come
say ni ai hsi shih
na
What
for the tea-cup.
are you doing here
yi ko (which do you like) either of persons
or things.
1
Who used note the position of the muuerative, which with
words which are formed by ti = U into an attributive of the noun;
:
yi, one,
lit.,
= the
[the
article a,
man]
is
not before, but
after,
the
fonnerly-teach-me-mandarin-
ing one teacher.

'
3
4
or
at,
and
Kuan hua
What lane
the spoken language of government.

lit.,
say again what lane
Fourth from the south end

ti
or
til,
which, as
lit.,
we should
it
it is
was.
that lane [described
say, inflects tsai.
by
Construe: It]
all
is
the words between
tsai, to be, or, to
be in
the-fte-great-east-street-south-end-road-wc-t-
side-nuniber-four-lane-Mig', that lane.

5
What
is
he teaching them?
lit.,
he teaches them what kung
k'o,
tasks?
hung, labour;
k'o,
originally,
examination.
6
Correspondence: win *hu,
The Four Books:
of Confucius
8
9
10
"
;
Meng
Made the more way

You use remember
:
Who
was
it
official
documentary
style, as distinguished
"Ta
Hsio," the Study for Adults;

Tzfl," [the Doctrines of] Mencius.
viz.,
that
Men chang,
that
na when
perceptible improvement
interrogative
is
from wen chang, elegant composition.
"Chung Yung,"
;
q.d.,
[men] chien,
na 3 when demonstrative,
note that in these three sentences
ti is
the
as often used as
t(.
Mean; "Lun Yu,"
see,
not.
the Dicta
[him] chang, growing.
RH
TzO
500
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
What is it that he is engaged upon

What he really wants is this.
90.
91.
over there
He
has not told
me what
it is.
[Compound Relative Pronouns.]

Whosoever breaks the law must be
92.
tried and punished.

2
be
the
law,
they who they may, must be tried and punished.
Any persons breaking
Whosoever is deserving of reward I shall be sure to reward.
1
1.
2.
3.
93.
they kill everyone they fall in with.

4
must
take out a passport.
interior
the
into
Whoever goes
5
That story is false it is not to be believed, be the teller who he may.
Those brigands are very ferocious
i.
2.
3.
7.
Whoever is recommended 6 by him is promoted and rewarded.

Whatever he desires me to take in hand, I must take in hand.
Did I not tell you to bring over whatever books there were there
over ?
Certainly and are there any that I have not brought
8.
There
4.
5.
6.
~'
94
[Possessive Pronouns.]
Is he not your father
2.
No he
3.
Indeed
4.
He
5.
Is that
6.
It is
is
my
what
'
is
his age
8.
g.
You
it is
the one you commissioned

one that I bought myself. 9
are going
I can't;
11
10
to take a
His age
greater than
is
mine by
it ?
am
CHANG
to
buy
walk in the Tung-hua
for you, 8
Yuan
is it
not
to-day, aren't
you
on duty to-day.
Whosoever breaks the law: so yu, whosoever or whatsoever there be; so, originally, place, position;
is this, ?/, there are law
transgress-ing [persons]
hung, all, tei, [man] must, try and punish.
the position
*
I (or,
own.
it is
Xo,
10.
book yours, or did you borrow
my
behind.
is
Ah
No
left
elder brother.
upwards of twenty years older than

more than twenty years).
7.
a volume in the press that you have
is
q.d.
Be they who they may wu lun [the agent, here government], does not discuss who it is that has broken
who has broken the law, having broken it,] chiu, in consequence, must [the government] try and
:
the law; [the person
punish.
3
Fall in with
[let
them] meet
whom
[they
will], all
they slay.
Passport chih, to grasp in the hand, chao, that which shows, a testimony chih-chao is generic of various
document* of the kind which are ling, taken out. Understand ti jen after nei ti, the interior, all persons that enter,
:
Xotr
that
in'i ti is
China
also one expression for
Be
Recommended:
as distinguished
the teller: p'ing, as before, at the option of; let
construe:
leave
it
to
him
to
who
from wai kuo, foreign countries.
will tell
it, all
ought [man] not to believe.
recommend [persons; those persons]
are shui,
any persons;
all
obtain promotion and reward.

7
Is
it
Are there any
lit., still
are there I-have-not-brought-over ones!
you: note kei ru'=what we call the dative case; ti,

Ihe-nm-that you commissioned him-that-is surnamed CHANG to buy
Buy
for
rif:
10
"
You
I
wo pen jen, and above with
are going, etc.,
can't
may
ti,
as
my
wo pu
you?
own.
also be translated, won't
JJH hsiny, elliptical for
relative, representing jen,
for
tieng hsing.
you go?
or,
you had better
go.
man, and fhu, book.
PART
12.
1 3.
14.
it
do
fault with
Who
15.
95.
501
were to take your duty l for you ?

I am much obliged 2 to you, but I must do the
thing myself.
What is the difference s between your doing it and anyone else's doing it ?
In the first place, I am the responsible person (or, it is my duty), and besides, if
4
I did not see to it myself I should be sure to
lay myself open to being found
Wouldn't
1 1.
VIII.
would
if I
by
my
superiors.
them
tell
They wouldn't need to be told; they would find
6.
[Demonstrative Pronouns.]
Which of these two horses
is
1.
2.
In
3.
Which
4.
There
the better
is
some scenery on that side

Have you bought all these oxen ?
I have bought those three dun cows
5.
6.
is
What do you want
7.
8.
They
This
is
a bad one.
this side is
somewhat
barren. 5
these black ones are his purchase.
do with these things of mine
are not all yours.
Which
9.
to
out themselves.
a good horse and that

opinion this
is the better bank of that river ?
my
it
of
them
is
not mine
not yours.
n. Very good; then I can do Avithout 7 that one; leave those.
10.
96.
is
[Distributive Pronouns.]
8
Every member of the
1.
Those two
2.
men have
official
each
his
establishment of the State has got his

own way of going to work.
4.
In gambling, every player puts up his own stake. 9

Neither of those propositions is a good one.
5.
Two
3.
own
duties.
10
that day, and had he attended to either 11 he might
people gave him advice
have saved his life unfortunately, he attended to neither.
;
Take your duty
Much
construe
[If
you] commit to ine instead of you to tang, bear, would
Note tei=te yao,
obliged: fei hsin, as before.
necessary that I myself pan, should despatch,

business is such that I must, etc.
ti,
that which
[is
it
be well or not?
becomes, or is become, necessary; it is certainly

the business of my ch'ai shih].
You might construe:
it
The
transact,
What
one and the same fashion;
i yang,
difference:
cf.
uni-form.
you individually=you
what non-uniformity
Lit.,
your own transacting, hai, compared with, another man's transacting, there
is
reproof;
Lay myself open lit., I should certainly invite my superiors' t'iao-ch'ih,

4
to blame.
Note ko-tzit-ko 3 -'rh and tzu-chi-ko^-'rh = se\f.
Barren huang, either without wood or uncultivated.
=
Things of mine: note wo without ti, yet, by position, the possessive.
:
fault; ch'ih
5
yourself,
.'
t'iao,
to pick out,
sc.,
one's
6
7
Do
without: the k'o before
pu yao
diminishes the directness of the affirmation;
q.d.,
those, be
it,
I do nut
claim.
8
Every, each
note ko* jen, not ko* jcn.
stake: chu, the direction of the fancy; in gambling, the- stake

to put down one's stake.
10
Gave him advice for him, or to him, put forth a chu-i, opinion.
9 Hi.s
<-hu,
by which one backs what one
fancies; hsia
11
Attended
both ways, could he,
to either
etc.
t'ing,
had he listened
to shui
ti,
that which was the opinion of whichever he would, ton,
TZD EKH CHI.
502
6.
He
asked
him
told
whether
either
wanted
would
It
8.
They
1.
12.
do.
;
go
and so one of you two must

probably be something to do to-morrow,
will
do.
either
which
remain here it doesn't signify
There
will
10.
house on a long lease or a short one
to take the
does not signify which of you two copies this paper either will do.
home three times a month, one being allowed to go on each occasion.
two
7.
9.
me
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
1
The other day he got drunk and struck everyone he met.
2
You say that these banditti all wear red turbans, don't you ?
8
Whether they all wear them or not I can't say, but every one that
saw had
a red turban on.
Which
of these two people do you like the better

I
do
not
like either of them.
14.
1
3.
5.
6.
you men, you must every one of you have on a

Which do you think the better of these two ?
When you come
17.
Either
8.
Which
19.
97.
They
in here,
good as the
other.
of these two jade things 5 will
are both
good
if I
belt ticket. 4
am
you have
to choose one,
the one
is
as
good as the
other.
[Indefinite Pronouns.]
Which
2.
He
3.
Which
4.
5.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
of those porcelain things does he
wants to buy them
want
to
buy ?
all.
article is it that you want to buy

do not want to buy any.
Are you in the right, or is he ?
Everybody says that I am.

disorder 7 has broken out very seriously in his family
The
it
as
is
1.
6.
Latin
they have
all
died of
but himself.
Anyone could understand that.

Why doesn't he get someone to give him an opinion about that ?
no one competent. 8
What? in an affair of this kind anyone could; but they say that he
willed 9 man, and will not take anyone's advice but his own.
There
is
is
self-
Struck everyone:
Cf. the
yii chien jen, [when] he happened to meet persons, chin, thereupon, he struck.
or cumque, originally quumque, our ever, generalising time, and hence, events.
Bed turbans note that tou pluralises tsei ; did you not say that those brigands all are round the head
runt/tie,
2
>wathing red cloth?

3
Note
Belt ticket
fa>
io 4 every one, each one those that I saw were each swathing red cloth ones.
yao p'ai, the badge hung in the girdle tai, specially, to wear as a girdle, but freely used as to
,
carry, to lead.
5
'
Two
jade things
ChooM- imr
f%ao
jade things of two kinds, differing in form, quality, or otherwise.

In, if it be [a <|Ue.-tion of] housing one, no? i ko, any one, shih
i
<
The disorder: note na*

..t
ko, that disorder
there
is
no one able
'Ming tenaciously
te, is
good, will do.
spoken of before, therefore translated the disorder.

I'i,
viiriouly, ta suan,
../, twisting.
to
make
calculation.
PART
He
503
greatly to be pitied;
13.
1
nobody takes an interest in him, and it isn't only
that people in general don't take an interest in him, but there are some
people
who hate him very much.
Could you say how many ?
14.
How many
12.
6.
7.
is
do you suppose
make out
15. I
five.
believe that there are a great
Did anyone tell you ?

Yes; someone did tell
dislike him much.
1 8.
98.
VIII.
how much
me
Here, I say,
2.
3.
Eight piculs altogether.

Why did you buy so much
4.
You
5.
I said a large
quantity,
6. If
was
you bought here
who
buy a
to
more.
that in a certain family there are several

people
coal have
i.
said that I
many
large quantity.
but I did not want as
you don't want so much, you can
sell
some
much
of
it
as this.
to
somebody
else.
How many
cash did you pay ? 3

I paid four tiao* a picul for it.
What a price what shop did you buy
At the T'ai Hsing in P'ing-an Street.
7.
8.
9.
10.
If
11.
was
it
1 2.
There
1 3.
What
so dear there,
no other
is
?
why
didn't
it
at
you go somewhere
coal-store in this neighbourhood.
why, the other day,
when
else
was in P'ing-an
Street, I
saw ever so many
coal-stores.
14.
15.
There are some some way off, but they have all an understanding" with each other.
But even if they have, you might beat them down; they don't all mean to patronise 7
each other to such an extent as each to stand out for exactly what the other
And the coal doesn't look very good either it's all nonsense asking four
takes.
;
tiao a picul for such coal as this.

1
Take an
interest in
faian, to look after.
Bought here: che ko mei; how much of this coal have you been buying?
3 Did
q.d., you are in the position of
you pay note the construction
shih, to be, untranslatable in our idiom
having bought it for how much I
4
Four tiao: originally, a Hang, ttvel, ounce of silver, = 1,000 copper cash Peking currency; I tiaoôo such
cash now the tael is worth 13 tiao and upwards.
The proper cash has not been coined for some years, and its place
is taken by a very base lo-eash piece, really worth about two cash.
5 In this
neighbourhood lit., [if you go] from this to tso chin, what is on the left side and near too elliptical
for tso yu, right and left.
:
6
Understanding: t'ung ch'i, intercommunicating, co-operating, spirit; used also of a third party's mediating or
communicating between two persons.
7
Patronise: ch'en 1 , properly, that which is worn next the skin usod ;is. to deal with, tin- custom of a customer.
;
they cannot here-[a-mftii]-wanting-8O-much-tihere-[a-mftn]-must-al8i>-want-8O-much [wise], all bo of a mutually

The two clauses beginning che-'rh and na-'rh together make a long adverbial construction q.d.,
patronising intention.
on the you don't sell I don't sell principle. Note shih where we should expect yu, to have; you may say
che ko i-ssil, I am of this opinion.
Construe
RH
TZ&
504
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
kind of coal was something dearer.

don't want such a quantity as this; I can't take the whole of
1 6.
1
If I recollect right, last year this
17.
Anyhow,
2
just put out so
1
8.
of
it
and
sell it to
someone
And
will
you pay that price
21. Yes, I will give you the
for it
money
it;
you
else.
want
you don't want the whole of it, how much do you
will do if you keep three or four piculs.
If
19. It
20.
much
another day.
SECTION
IX.
[THE VERB AS MODIFIED BY MOOD, TENSE,
AND
VOICE.]
Words that predicate being, doing, suffering, whether of person or thing, are in
99.
No
of the Verb, to wit].
English referred to one of the nine categories before mentioned [that
4
such line being drawn in Chinese, and the invention of an equivalent [for the word verb]
on us to employ the term huo tzti (live words), which,
and
we shall endeavour, with the reader's permission, to
unobjectionable,
though incomplete,
show by examples the analogies and contrasts of the huo tzu as employed under different
presenting some difficulty,
6
we
shall take
is
conditions" in both languages.
Were a Chinese to say ma p'ao, niao fei, ch'ung p'a, yu yu, these sentences, uttered
100.
thus consecutively, must be taken to signify that, as a species, the horse gallops, the bird flies,
the reptile creeps, the fish swims.
Should you happen to hear a man say ma p'ao, you would in that case infer that
101.
he was speaking of some particular horse as being in the act of galloping; it is much more
usual, however, under these circumstances, to say iia ko ma p'ao.
The sentences
102.
that
we two
t'a
nien shu, wo hsieh tzu (He studies,
moment
arc at this
respectively engaged in studying
are habitually our respective tasks.

103.
To the question, Are you two
but he
is
asleep,
t'a
shui,
wo
lising-cho
Va shui-chiao,
t'a
some
'
Recollect right
"
Put out po,
seem
to
Predicate
i,
4
5
Equivalent
Incomplete:
it is still in
''
hsing-cho, or
wo
shih hsing-cho.
common
of extraordinary application of
Government funds
chi ch'eng, properly,
tzii
Construe
In English, whether
chi, reaching to, touching.
yang, whatever words there be of the kind that i chi, treat of, wei, being,
jis
etc.
comparatively hard ch'uang ch'w, to invent, a special term.

though you cannot regard it as one altogether corresponding, the provisional employment
lit., it is
lit,
no way improper.
lill'erent
tio
conditions jung u-o, allow me mien

ch'iang, to make an effort ; also used modestly of what one can
ko pang-yamj, to give an
example of the hsiang-tui, corresponding, and hsiang-fan, contrasting, places in the
the two notions mi
yung, according to circumstances employ it.
I
verb
to put forward as a proposition
to, doing, shou, receiving,
awake,
tenths.
3
do
am
remember.
the case of person or thing, so yu;
in
of
wo
either
writing, or that these
both asleep there, the answer being, I

any one of the following forms
^vo hsing-cho
shih shui-chiao,
set aside, very
men
equally correct to reply in
it is
may mean
I write)
and
PART
VIII.
505
Those are mainly examples of the verb as predicating being [the verb substantive].
postpone consideration of the verb as active and passive until wo have said something
104.
We shall
about the six modes (Moods) in which the English verb
may
be used.
[The Indicative Mood.] For instance, in the sentences wo ai

you not ?) the words ai and l-'Jn respectively show that
direct unconditional l assertion and a direct unconditional question.
105.
k'en
my
pu
k'en (will
106.
[The Conditional Mood.] Were I to say, If lie comes
words would imply an uncertainty whether he was really coming.
t'a (I like
wh:it, is
is
shall be sure to see him,
[The Potential Mood.] The sentence, He may (or can) act as a teacher,
is
competent to be a teacher or that he can be a teacher if he pleases.
107.
him),
meant
may mean
either that he
108.
[The Imperative Mood.]
command him
come
to
tsou
so,
pa
(go
When you
!)
p'ao a
use the single word lai (come) to anyone, you
(be off !)
[The Infinitive Mood.] In the sentence t'a at /,'</

and k'an (behold) are both verbs but ai being governed 2 by
100.
.*/m (he likes to

study), ai (like)
t'a (he) is
according to English
mood, while k'an, which has no word in particular to govern it, is

grammar
There is a manifest difference/' for instance, between the
regarded as general or indefinite.
[construction of] the k'an in k'an shu huo (it is good to study), k'an dm, .sA*7/ /<> liao shih (i:
in the indicative
good thing to study), where it applies generally to all persons whatsoever, and that of the k'an
t'a k'an shu (he studies), where a particular person is indicated as the student.
110.
in
Besides the five modifications more or less explained 4 above, to

liable, there remains a sixth which it is rather more troublesome to
[The Participle.]
which the English verb
is
In the following
deal with.
CHANG'S best beloved child was sick
The minister most favoured by
When
the shell
down escaped
this
5
;
Emperor
of the
Han
conspired
against
him
exploded the soldiers standing up were wounded, those lying
1
the i-ssit, purpose, of plainly
Direct unconditional
lit., the words ai and k'en respectively tang, represent,
Strictly, they do not; it is show
indicating and definitively establishing direct assertion and direct interrogation.
the context.
:
Ai
being governed rlii, since, shu, is T'A feit so chu, that which the word
to, subordinate to, in the jurisdiction of.
:
t'a
<>nly
means belonging
3
Manifest difference
[in the] first
and
last of these
t\\
the jioints
'
of non-identity can at one sight be comprehended; liao, to comprehend, jan, the true-rn
4
More or less explained although the five pien-huan, transformations, have been
shuo ming, explained, hai, yet, there is one kind comparatively difficult to illustrate.
:
Was
sick
tang shih, at the time [referred
liio,
in outline,
summarily,
to].
3
This Emperor, na, that = the. Most favoured: <7t'f/ to love, to favour, as Heaven the Emperor, as the
is Hsien
referred
of
the
a
The
Han
to,
Ti, about A.D. 220.
Han,
Ti, Emperor
Emperor subject.
7
8
a shell
Conspired
mow, planned, p'an*,
rebellion.
Shell: cha*, a character unauthorised by the dictionaries,
cha
made up of huo,
fire,
and
<7ia,
suddenly;
hnp'ao,
k'ai, to explode.
64
TZO ERH CHI.
506
1
My rheumatism
down
A
tin'
forms
so
is
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
bad that
am
never comfortable standing,
sitting, or
lying
2
State in disorder resembles a tottering wall
chan-cho (standing up), t'any-cko

(tenderly loved), ck'ung-ti (favoured),
t'an-t'a (about to collapse), when translated into
or seated),
C,'iin-ui-t!
(lyin- dowiu, /.-Wio (sitting
yao
be ranged under the sixth mood or modification of the verb. The use of the
words ti and chu appears to be this: the addition of them to the verb, whether of being or
3
in support of that primarily indicated by
doiiu,'. helps it to bring out a secondary meaning
of
whatever is, or is done, is one either of
condition
it
they are intended to show that the
-li.
will all
being, of having been, or of being about to be.
now
-;
grand
are in all but three

regard existence or action, there
6
5
4
in the order of time, viz., the past, the future, and the present; these are its three
7
be observed.
divisions, in Avhich, at the same time, there are subordinate distinctions to
111.
[The Tenses.]
112.
The grand
Whether
it
divisions are exemplified generally in the following:

reading to-day to-morrow I shall rest.
went to the
yamen yesterday I am
The following are illustrations of the subordinate distinctions
113.
I am writing it.
Have you written that despatch
I have bought it.
2. Have you bought that book ?
I was eating my breakfast; when he returned
3. When he came in the morning
in the evening I had gone out.
;
Rheumatism: lit., bones sore; construe: my bones na-mo, being thus, as they are, are truly of a soreness;
recumbent, standing, sitting, all ways am I not at ease.
2
Note that in these examples wherever ti has been made to represent
Tottering: lit., a wall about to collapse.
as the relative: the child
I'ial inflexion, it might in English, with equal if not greater propriety, be construed
'
that
'HAN<; must loved
ning: ''.,
that the verb, whether
Han
the minister that the

if
we
carefully
Ti most favoured, etc.

examine into the true use of
treat of action or existence, indicates
it
ti
and
when standing by
cho, it appears that the [sense]
itself,
is
the che.ng
i,
proper or
a by-standing, = secondary, sense;

ire for the purpose of pn Ian, complementing, matter originally demonstrated by the huo /art, whether it is in the
condition of actually being, actually having been, or actually about to be.
The term (Jicng i often means the plain,
proper, sense of a particular word or passage with p'ang i it is used with reference to Chinese composition much as
"Id
priiiKi:
or cho,
ti
and they
p'ei eh'u,
by
their alliance bring out,p'ang
i,
we
is
use subject and predicate.

Say,
ship carries passengers, says a Chinese ; ship is the kang (see above, 20),
here said of her is the mu; that the ship is a ship is the cMng i; that she carries passengers is the p'ang i.
1
Past i, to end, to cease ; clung, to pass through.
what
s
it
is
Future
lit.,
that which
is
not yet
wei
is
also used as a simple negative
as in wei pi,
it
does not follow,
net certain.
6
Present: that which
'
Subordinate distinctions: the simple English grammar which I have more or less followed describes the
in paragraph 112 as the main tenses, and subdivides these in the order of the
examples given in
is
under the eye.
130, viz.
:i.
'Am
'
2.
writing," present incomplete.
Have bought,"
present complete.
eating," past incomplete;
"had
future incomplete
'
'
gone," past complete.

"
shall have settled," future complete.
Have been
writing," progressive form of present complete.

Shall have been
studying," progressive form of future complete.
'Do
apply," present emphatic;
"did look
out," past emphatic.
PART
When
4.
you come
will
I shall be
affair for
am
VIII.
me ?
to
507
come to-morrow
Shall I
yamen; but don't be uneasy;
going to the
you before we meet
at
noon
I shall
No
at
noon
have settled that
again.
have written) to Peking to tell them to ship all my books

for this place.
I have been
writing, too, all the morning.
The day after to-morrow I shall have been studying that book three months, and
I
5.
6.
writing
(or,
have finished the eighth volume this evening.

-You must apply, you know. But I do apply. When you were
buying a horse,
look
for
didn't
out
a
?
I
one
did
look
for
out
a
why
you
good
good one, but
I couldn't find one.
I shall
7.
[Dialogue showing the construction of the Active Verb in most of
114.
and
its
Moods
Tenses.]
3.
What are you sitting looking at upstairs

At a man that there is over there.
What is he doing ?
4.
Beating something.
1.
2.
6.
Do you know the man ?

No I never saw him before.
7.
How
5.
long have you been sitting up there looking at him

Not very long.
I think you are mistaken
nobody is beating anything.
9.
10.
No, I am not mistaken I am still looking at him.

I think you are mistaken though, and that there is no one there at
;
1 1.
all.
What do you mean by no one at all ? I was looking at him (or, I saw him) when
I first said I was, and I am still looking at him (or, I see him still). 1
2.
3.
14.
15.
6.
17.
1
8.
there
8.
Had you
seen
him
Yes, long before.
before I put
my
You said just now that you had

And what I said was the truth.
I shall
first
question to you
go and see
if
there
Very good; when you
is
any
not been sitting here long.
man
that
get to the spot
you are looking
you
will
at.
be able to
tell
whether there
is
or not.
19.
Can you wait till I come back ?

you are back soon I shall be still
Have you got nothing to do ?
20. If
21
22. Yes, I
have
23. If there is
2
3
concluded
but
man
I shall
there
sitting here.
be sure to have done
when
I get there,
I'll
by the time you return.*

apologise when I come back again.
it all
At the time I first spoke, seeing was seeing now still is it the fact that there is seeing.
before:
note chiu isolating and emphasising tsaa.
Long
By the time you return: tao pu liao, [time] will not have reached your return; I then shall have for certain
Construe
my
business.
TZO ERH CHI.
508
24. I shall
have been laughing at you for at
2j.
How
28. If
29.
30.
31.
at me three days before I find it out ?

2
be at least three days before you can satisfy yourself.
have to wait three days if I go to look immediately
do you mean laughing
26. I say
27.
days before you find out
least three
tho truth.
How
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
that it will
can
I possibly
late all the same.
you would be too
to look this instant,
you were to go
How is that possible you can still see the man ?

3
If I were to say that he was still there, I shouldn't be speaking the truth.
4
Haven't you been saying all this time that you were looking at him ?
if
5
might have been looking
32. I
at
him when
but
I said so,
doesn't follow that
it
you could overtake him now.

33.
34.
35.
You mean
that he
is
gone, don't you
If I do, can you contradict me ?

It doesn't matter whether I can or not; when you saw him moving you might
have told me.
you had come upstairs, you might have seen him yourself.
You would not let me come up then will you let me now ?
You can either come up or go after the man, as you please.6
What would be the good of my going after him I might be chasing him
the morning without finding him ?
36. If
37.
38.
39.
don't be angry.
not angry, but I don't believe
40. There, there
41. I
42.
am
43.
/I /I
Now, don't go on
I
spoke
before, I
You have been

And supposing
am
You
47. If I
could easily
had gone
48. Well, don't
say.
was trying to take you in when
in all this time.
harm ?
have, what
I could catch him up now ?

him
have caught
up had you gone when I first
then,
go at
way
me
taking
what you
supposing that
speaking the truth now.
in that
45. Well, in one word, do
46.
all
you think
it's
all, if
told
you
to go.
not so certain that I should have taken the same road as he.
7
you're so full of objections.
To prevent any confusion, the reader should understand that the person seen by the speaker sitting upstairs
has moved from where he was when the conversation began, but is still in sight. Shall have been laughing: chili pu
Construe: I await your k'an ming, seeing clearly, completely; at the least
cki, see Part V, Lesson XXXIV, Note 4.
1
[J-CIM
du],
filter not ended,
lia>.
ming, inquire so
a.-,
= shall
have been laughing and
tn ax-ei-tain;
shall still
be laughing.
ming, as in ch'a ming, k'an ming, completing the act
implied.
->
'li
in,,-.
on
coni|>
Looking at lv
language of one who was actualh
5
I
might IM
not follow that now [you] are
still
II,
all
Note 4
tins
Full of objections
were any cause to make
me
say he
is still
at that place, etc.
the time.
>,
[though
were] actually behold-ing, wei pi,
it
does
able to overtake [him].
.ou follow your liking to

7
y.<7.,
time have you not been holding cMny-t$ai-k'an-cho-ti

language, the
come up, your
liking to look for the
thiao ch'ing, of a self-willed nature that takes a line of
its
own.
man, both are admissible.
PART
49.
Am I
50.
No you
to
go
THE PAETS OP SPEECH.
VIII.
509
couldn't find the man, for you don't
51. Well, before
you
go,
now I'm up
whether
52. It doesn't signify
here,
know him
show me what
show you or not; he
I shall
go home.
direction he took.
can't be
back again
next
for the
three days.
53.
Where
54.
He
55.
will
he be for the next three days?
56. I
gone
to superintend
cemetery ?
did not recognise him at
What was WANG
57.
something they are doing at the family cemetery.

You said you didn't know the man; how do you know that he is repairing his
is
first,
but I saw afterwards that
Li doing here beating anyone
60.
he was beating anyone.

he
a
Was
horse then ? 2
beating
No, he was beating a mule.
61.
How
62.
63.
He was
You do
64.
it
was
WANG
Li.
58. I didn't say that
59.
could
have caught him up
if
he was on a mule.
not riding the mule he was leading it.

nothing but make a fool of me I sha'n't ask you any more questions.
3
like that
it is
but don't ask any more if you
you who are suspicious
;
don't like.
The foregoing dialogue was intended to illuscontains comparatively but few instances of the
4
good this deficiency in the following examples.
[Examples of the Passive Verb.]
115.
trate the use of the verb in English,
Passive Verb,
it is
proposed to make
but as
it
The
sentence, Parents bring up children, predicates of "parents" that they are

In Children are brought up by parents, "children" are the object of
the agents of an act.
116.
an
act.
The words ni
wo (you
beat me) distinguish you as the agent

I am the object or recipient.
(I am beaten by 'you; lit, suffer your beating),
5
there are various ways of producing the latter construction.
117.
ta
in ivo pei
And
ni ta
in Chinese
Superintend chien, to inquire into, to assume direction of.

Beating a horse then: han, a strong disjunctive; q.d., as he was not beating a man, was he then beating a
Note the addition of lai-cho and eho in examples 59, 61, and 62, and their omission in 57, 58, and 60, although
1
horse?
the inflexion of our verb

3
4
Suspicious
is
you
nearly uniform.
ko-tzfi-ko-'rh,
your own
self, raise
we now
doubts.
to-twin, contemplate, adding a few phrases,

lit.,
the passive [as opposed to hsing ti, the active].
Latter construction: lit., the li, sense, being that of receiving something,
Deficiency
illustrative of,
5
shou
pu
tsu,
to supply a ko chil, form
ti,
when
this
is
treated of in
('!
The grammarian described such constructions

>Hng, or is being built,
l::>l-yen, phrases, are not only one.
as the passive incomplete.
It will be seen in the following examples that the Chinese passive, except where it is
the
rendered by chiao, to cause, the precise operation of which is obscure, is produced by the employment of certain verbs
to receive, to perceive, or to suffer; all of them active verbs to which that which we regard as the verb
signifying
changing to the passive voice, in
reality,
becomes the
object.
510
TZft
118.
i.
That
E.g.,
man
keeper some
ERH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
WANG
he used to be
ta-j$ris gatecertainly to be pitied;
time ago, and in that capacity he was falsely accused of taking
is
about
presents and saying nothing
it
for
which he was severely beaten and
discharged.
place he
in
with some robbers, was
2.
As he was returning
3.
carried off into the mountains, and not only stripped of everything, but so
have died had he not been picked up by a cart
terribly injured that he must
2
that was passing that way.
to his own village he found that the whole country had been
When he
to
his native
fell
got
his father had been burnt out, and everyrecently overrun by banditti, that
him destroyed. 3
His wife, who had come from a well-to-do family, had been deserted by her sons
when the troubles broke out, and when he applied to her friends to see what
thing belonging to
4.
5.
he was told that trade had

they could do for him, although they had money
4
able
to assist him in any way.
much
to
be
been bad and that they had lost too
Now just imagine what a case it was he began with being falsely accused was
abused and beaten; then, besides being robbed and wounded, he finds his house
;
to this extent,
utterly cleaned out ; and, to wind up, after being victimised
was there ever such a case of misery ? 5
is made fun of by his wife's relations
he
That man certainly may [men] pity
Lit.,
subject
men's wrong
of,
[his master] taking

*
[they] said [he] privily took
him discharged
formerly, at
money
WANG
because of
returning to his village went; on the road, again,

into the mountains not only everything did they steal away clean
;
that a cart
by that place
he was the
he suffered beating very severely ; then
this,
[him].
He
Lit.,
ta-jen's acting as gate-keeper, pei,
passed, that there were people
fell
;
him carry [him]

he wounds very serious was it not
him up, he with complete certainty
foul of robbers; [they] taking
also received
who taking him
lifted
must have died.

3
had been
Lit., He returning to his own village, then knew that the locality inhabited by him recently all
the subject of robber's disturbance; his father's house [they] had also burned; all property whatsoever [they] bad
also destroyed.
4
His wife was originally a virgin in a family, the proprietors of wealth at the time the robbers appeared,
was the subject of, her sons' abandoning [her] and running away the man seeking found out his fatherin-law's family; asked them on his behalf to calculate a little; they, although they had money, answering said, (mitrade has of late been very bad; in everything have we suffered (lit., eaten) loss; it is ten thousand times ( = infinitely)
Lit.,
[she] chiao,
difficult to
help you.
Bethink you ; in the first instance, chiao, he suffered, men's false accusation ; endured beating, endured
reviling; afterwards he suffered robbery, robbed and received wounds; in addition, utterly was there not one so </,
that which is (
anything) in his house; he in his single person having received all this hardship, still chien //.-."">,
feels the laughter, is ridiculed, chiao, by his wife's family: resembling this kind of misery, heretofore has there been .1
Lit.,
man's receiving
Note
which is not to be explained except in one of two ways: either it is corruptly used for chiao,
otherwise chio, to perceive, which, however, is only read chiao* in slmi-chiao, to sleep; or it is to cause, and must lie
This last construction might stand in chiao crh-tzil jeng hsia, was
governed by an impersonal agent understood.
chiao*,
abandoned by her sons
(q.d., something made her sons abandon her), but will not explain the chiao in chiao t'a n
chien hsiao; for the subject of chien, to see, to perceive, to be sensible of, is at once pronounced by Chinese to
be t'a understood. Practically, it is in general simplest to ignore the etymological claims of chiao, and to translate it
as by. It is noteworthy that shou, to receive, originally meant to give ; ai, to
endure, originally, to strike ; }>< i, in
suffer, to be the subject of, originally, a coverlid, thence, to cover, to affect.
chia
li
PART
THE PARTS OP SPEECH.
VIII.
SECTION
511
X.
[THE ADVERB, OF TIME, PLACE, NUMBER, DEGREE, ETC.]

[Adverbs of Time.]
119.
Will that
1.
man
be here to-day, do you think?
don't think he will;
he
may
come to-morrow.
Why
Why
2.
he come yesterday
He
did come yesterday, but he was
should he have been later than you?

sooner than his.
3.
4.
didn't
-Did he come before I went out
5.
You
tell
I don't
6.
him
No,
sir
My
after
business at the
you had gone
late.
is
yamen
over 1
out.
come to-morrow the moment his business at the office

think 2 1 can I sha'n't see him before he is here to-morrow.
to
is
over.
How
do you mean ? wouldn't you see him if you were to go to the yamen
No, I should be sure to miss him he would certainly have left
directly ?
;
the
7.
yamen before I arrived.

Where does he live now ? In
8.
When
do you mean you used to
to Peking,
g.
10.
1 1
1 3.
14.
live there
in.
At the time
of your
first visit
sir.
That
is a
long time back.
be ten years.
Yes,
it's
Didn't you come to Peking the

that was the third time I came.
ten years ago,
first
isn't it
Indeed,
time in the suite of
How many *
first
12.
the lane that I used to live
times have you been to Pelting altogether

time I came with my father, who was then alive. 5
WANG
it
soon will
No;
ta-jen?
Five times in
all
the
When was it that your father 6 came to Peking ? In the 23rd year of Tao Kuang.
And when did he go home again
After three or four months' stay.
And your second visit? That was two years later; I was sent up here by 7
my father on business.
?
1
Business over: note san, properly, the dispersion of a number, thence, as below in example 5, applied to
the individual in a number, of employes.
Is over: that is, habitually ; ch'ang shih che-mo-cho, always it is thus.
Don't think
Indeed: y'dan shih,
How many:
I fear it is
it is
not to be done.
certainly the fact that indeed quickly [will be] 10 years ended.
note the chi
tz'il,
how many
times, between the verb chin-kuo, have entered,
and thing, the
capital, its object.

5
Then
alive
haim fu,
my
late father, a phrase
we seldom
use
note that the speaker so designates his father
throughout.
6
Ling hsien chun, your
Sent up by
position of
he
luul
yu
had
late father:
his father been alive he
would have been spoken of as ling
t.<nn.
all that follows.

Notice the
shih, [it, the occasion you ask about] was
shih after wo, me, and the lai at the close, which shows that the speaker is speaking in the place to which
been sent.
TZtJ
512
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
No
remember the occasion very well; you didn't stay very long that time.
I had been in Peking but a few days when I was recalled by a pressing
15.
ERH
letter
from home.
you that your father was very ill, I think? No;

brother had been so badly hurt that he was not expected to live.
Your brother is still alive ? Oh yes he recovered after a while.
Yes?
16.
17.
1
it
was
to tell
my youn^r
my memory
If
8.
serves me, your father was
of his illness on
And
19.
my
way down, and he died a few days
that was the reason
Of course;
after
up
I couldn't
Yes, he was; I heard
after
I got home.
why you were so long without coming

3
leave home while I was in mourning
4
mourning was over, and
my
at the time
ill
it
was then that
to
Peking again
for
him;
came
WAM;
accompanied
In -jen.
WANG
He
he
will
be
5
hear that you purpose leaving Peking yourself, sir, shortly ?
Yes, I shall be
here
is over.
of
service
as
term
home
as
soon
I
to
my
go
presently
expect
off
20. Is
ta-jen
still
in Peking
is
away on duty
at present, but
back in a few days.

21. I
[Adverbs of Place.]
120.
1.
Where
2.
Which
3.
4.
5.
is
man from ? From T'ung
that
Chou.
is farthest from Peking, T'ung Chou or Chang-chia

the Ch'i-hua Men, 6 T'ung Chou is somewhat the nearer.
Have you been there ? Where do you mean ?

I meant to T'ung Chou.
I have never been
at Chang-chia Wan.
to T'ung
Wan
Chou
Reckoning from
have been once
you to have been at Chang-chia Wan and not at T'ung Chou ?

coming from T'ien-ching (Tientsin) by cart, and that was what brought
How come
was
me
to
Chang-chia Wan.
6.
7.
8.
9.
man ? No, I am not.

And what is your country, sir ? I am a Chiangsu (Kiangsu) man.
And from which prefecture ? My native place 7 is Su-chou (Soochow).
Do you know the SUNGS who live inside the east gate of Su-chou ?
you mean outside the east gate.
Oh, then you are not a Peking
the time
111
'
So long:
In mourning: ting yu,
;it
note lai-cho showing continuance in the state specified, not

i, the reason why, hsii chiu, very long, etc.
its
I suspect
commencement.
[this] diih, was, so
mourning of an
specially, the
official
for his parents;
ting,
solitary,
q.d.,
orphan:
yu, sorrow.
am
Mourning over
J'n}ih, shortly: short for
The Ch'i-hua Min : popular name
Native place
man fu,
having completed
pu
chi*, originally,
registered as belonging.
my fu ;
the fu in i-fu, clothes, here mourning apparel.
to tijih-tzil.
for the Ch'ao-yang
a tablet
Men, the
great east gate of Peking.
hence, a record, specially of registration
pen
chi,
the
pkce
to which
PART
VIII.
513
am not quite sure whether they live inside or outside the SUNG I mean
used to be in the Censorate. 1
To be sure; I have been at his house often
10. I
enough.
Wasn't
1 1.
the year before last that he returned
it
he has been back and forward 3 so
home ?
remember exactly
I don't
often.
What
time was it that he came to such grief on the road? Oh, that time! that
was the year before last a relative of mine was with him.
He fell in with some robbers in Ta-ming Fu, didn't he? Not robbers; they were
braves 4 that had mutinied. 5
12.
13.
Did he meet them, or was he pursued by them ? 6 Neither; he heard that there
was trouble on the high road, so he turned off by a branch road 7 in a southerly
14.
direction.
how was it that he didn't contrive to keep out of their way? So far
from 8 keeping out of their way, he went right in amongst them.
Was he in a cart or riding? In a cart; and when he got to a certain spot he
found the mutineers in his front and in his rear, so that he could neither
Well, then,
15.
1 6.
advance nor
retreat.
was told that they fired upon him too ? No, they didn't fire.
How came he to be hurt then ? Well, in this way he and my relative were both
9
in the same cart, my relative sitting on the left side, and the Censor SUNG on
17. I
1
8.
10
the braves came to
rifle the cart, and, crowding in

upon it from the
n
on its side the two passengers went with it, and my relative
left, threw it over
and
the
Censor below, the Censor got badly bruised. 12
above
being
the right
Dear
19.
Censorate
was
It
me how was
all
yu shih ;
luck u
lit,
Yilan, all-examining court, which

2
that after going so far the braves didn't take their lives
that they escaped.
it
imperial historiographer
style the Censorate.
an ancient
title
now
ls
given to the members of the Tu-ch'a
we
Often enough: hao hsieh fang; the word fang 4 otherwise tang*, here = times.
Back and forward treat shih-ch'ang-ti as the adverb continually, constantly, etc.
,
4
5
hsiang yuny, village or country braves.

Mutinied pien, to turn, to change.
Braves
Pursued by them note chiao ; did [something] cause them to overtake him.
Branch road lit., he going by a ch'a tao, forked road, slanting south went.
:
So
The Censor
10
the
left
far
from fan
:
Crowding
in
tao,
SUNG
yung
on the reverse, he went into their midst.
tu lao-yeh, the tu representing Tu-ch'a Yilan.

3
,
originally, to carry in the
bosom
to surround, to follow as a crowd, to hustle
from
side crowding came.
" Threw
over: chi 3 to press on, to push; chi
it
te
pushed
it
so that the result effected
was that
it
heng fang
hiia, crosswise lay down.
" Badly bruised shuai 1 , to give a shock to, as a blow or a

*huai, shock, were hen chung, very heavy.
13 The braves
pit yao, did not insist, on their lives.
:
14
All luck
chiao hsing
see
fall
the hurts of the Censor,
by reason of the
Part IV, Dialogue IX, 41.
65
\
514
TZtJ
EKH
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
*
providence came to their rescue ? Well, as the braves were dragging
their baggage out of the cart, their servants, who were all mounted, came up
What kind
20.
from behind, 2 and the braves, not knowing what to make of the sound of the
3
horses' feet, were panic-struck, and fled in all directions.
[Adverbs of Number.]
121.
How many
1.
times have you been to the temple of
Kuan
Ti ?*
have been thrice
to the door, but I have only gone in once.
Why
2.
you go in the second time
didn't
after
having been in the
first
Before
got in the first tune I paid the priests' fee.

wouldn't they take their fee the second time
And
3.
had
that I
paid the time before because
it
was
They wanted
my
first
it,
but
I said
time of coming, and that
time I should not pay.

But when they wouldn't let 6 you in the second time, why should you have gone
a third ? 7 Someone said that the priests and I had misunderstood each other
this
4.
recommended me
the second tune, and
And what
5.
quite impossible I should come in.

In the first place, because
?
the second, because the superior 9 was not at
On what grounds
6.
did,
the
but they said that even if I were to give three times as

occasion, they could not undertake to let me in.
much
as I did
on
first
[Adverbs of Degree.]
122.
is
very good; that is very much the reverse.
does not write well his brother writes very well.
This
1.
He
He
2.
3.
was a Government temple in

home and thirdly, because, said
it
they, you didn't give anything the last time you came, sir.
But when they took this line didn't you say anything about feeing them
7.
Why, they were even more

many words that it was
than the time before; they said in so
impracticable
to try again.
said the priests on this third occasion
10
you very highly.
praises
Kind providence
what chiu
Came up from behind
hsing, star of rescue, divine intervention.
those followers of theirs, riding beasts overtaking came.

Lit., the braves heard the sound of horses galloping ; knew not what it was ; all in the four directions in
:
lit.,
dismay dispersed.
4
5
6
Kuan
Ti, a hero of the
Priests' fee
Han
God
dynasty, since deified and worshipped as the
of
War.
hsiang ch'ien, money to buy incense.

Wouldn't let pu chiao, not to cause often, as here, to refuse permission also, to
prohibit.
Gone a third note the yu before ch'ii ; why must you a third time again go?
:
More impracticable
positively, could not

9
Superior
go
they
still
more liked not
to consider the question
they plainly said [that I]
tang-chia-ti, the
manager
in a family or a religious house,
what the chang-kuei-ti
tang' in the sense of filling a post.

10
Praises
titan,
in.
tsari*,
to speak of, to speak well of, to note
tsan mei, to note the goodness
of.
is
in a shop
PART
4.
5.
6.
7.
VIII.
515
Ho was
1
highly flattered by your invitation to dinner the other day.
That affair to the north of Peking incensed the Emperor extremely. 2
You were excessively angry about a thing of no importance, and then you said
what was very discourteous. 3

That man's stupidity is beyond everything; he understands nothing
that's said
to him.
8.
When
me
was nearly finished 4 last night,

and I think they will be sure to have quite done it by this time.
That house was nearly finished last month, and now it is quite ready.
I have been such a time without studying that I have almost
forgotten the "Tung
will [the tailor] bring
that thing
It
9.
10.
"
11.
Han Shu " I have quite forgotten.6

As for those two men, CHANG and Li, that I met
and I don't know Li at all
12.
Those
Chien
the
hills
7
care
of
"
used to be covered thick with wood, but the people have taken so
it
that there
is
now hardly
Those are
14.
He
little
any.
good men, and Li is the best of them.

doesn't want to have to do with 8 any of those people, and
13.
know CHANG,
to-day, I hardly
all
least of all with
Liu.
15.
1
6.
17.
1
8.
9
punished them all severely, but WANG more severely than any of them.
10
for the purpose of presenting his son to me.
called on me to-day, principally
He
He
Did not you say so yesterday ? I did.

Wasn't this what you said yesterday ? Yes,
a good plan?
No.
is the better ?
19. Isn't this
these two
u that was what I said.

Not at all. Well, which of
to be sure
Isn't it
We
your plan?
can have a talk about this one
the other
is
utterly impracticable.
20.
Have you found those two men ? I found out

home as for CHANG, there is no such person.
Li's house,
but he was not at
21. It is
Highly
blowing
flattered:
lit.,
terribly.
he much
t'i
chio, felt,
mien, the respectability, the honour,
sc.,
that your invitation
conferred on him.
*
Incensed extremely
Very
discourteous
the Emperor's wrath chi-liao, culminated.

pu ya liao, extremely, or too greatly, not ya, good breeding.
lit.,
t'ai
Nearly finished te liao, so used of anything that is in hand.

Think they will be sure liao, in the sense of to calculate
:
what we
call the
liao ku, to conjecture.
imperative mood, liao ku seems always to have cho affixed to
it.
Treat
it
Except
it
here adverbially
be used in
:
probably
[by] this time chun, for certain, it is finished.

to Peking,
Quite forgotten: so must here be taken as an intensive of ch'iian,

and would probably not be understood elsewhere.
So
Have
little
to
care
t'ai,
do with
too much,
sc.,
pu
all,
altogether all; the expression
chao ying, not attend to.

;
yao, in the sense of to require the services of; hence,
as employes
yw
is
peculiar
yao, to discharge,
a servant or subordinate.
9
10
11
More
severely
p'ien', leaning to a side
Principally: chung
To be
sure:
yuan
ti,
hence, partial, special
the weighty matter;
p'ien chung, special gravity or severity.
by position = weightiest.
shih, in very truth it was.
516
ERH
TZtT
CHI.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
23.
The stars are beautifully bright 1

The snow is excessively deep.
24.
That tea
25.
That teacher does not teach
22.
26.
27.
is spoiled,
but not
all
this evening.
spoiled
there
is
some of
it
that
it
will
do to
use.
well.
He sings very well.

I am a little tired.
[Miscellaneous Adverbial Constructions.]
123.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Where is the child ? He's nowhere but 2 in the house he can't be anywhere else.
when he did it, where he did it, why he did it, and
I know all about the thing
how he did it.
The moment he heard about the thing he went off.
;
He
He
has been a long time ailing, and he is not well yet.

is
quite cured of his old complaint (or, of the complaint he used to suffer
from).
6.
7.
8.
9.
He
He
has only been here a few days this time.

has been over here once in. the last few days.
The tiles were blown clean off the roof just as he left the house.
The morning was clear, but all of a sudden the sky clouded over.
3
get up most mornings at daybreak.

I couldn't bring the boxes, because it was impossible to get
Those gentlemen started too late 5 to get out of the city.
10. I
11.
1
2.
1 3.
14.
15.
His wages are five taels a month.

a narrow escape of being cashiered. 6
That servant was pretty near being discharged.

go out for a walk every day.
17.
He
8.
19.
20.
in time. 4
He had
1 6.
them packed
always very glad to see us when we go to call on him.

In his action with the outlaws he got the worst of it.
is
He took a good deal of pains in the matter, but without any result.
That place was once very thickly peopled it is sadly bare 7 now.
;
21. It's
a long way, but at the pace I go I shall soon be there.
Beautifully bright : are bright [so that man] Wo, may properly, hsi, rejoice.
Nowhere but: note tso yu; q.d., [seek him] to the right, [seek him] to the left; tsung, in sum,
not beyond, shih tsai chia, being in the house.
*
pw
kuo, he
is
3
:
huang , properly, a hanging curtain ; here used as implying uncertainty (swinging to and
as
a
rule
I
but
sometimes I do not, etc.
fro;); q.d.,
get up,
4
Packed in time note pu liao, could not, inserted between tai and lai, the whole clause being the
subject of
the verb shih; [the cause of] my inability to bring the boxes was [that the
person or persons packing them]
Most mornings
-i
in the
one moment, shou-shih, packed,
not arriving, did not complete; sc., at the same moment that I departed.
5 Too
late
kan, [though] hastening, could not get out of the city.
'Cashiered: huai kuan; q.d., to ruin one's official position; he ch'aitien, wanted but little, = a little more
pu
chi,
and he would.
7
Sadly bare
sights or sounds
hsiao', properly, a plant (according to Dr.
hsiao-t'iao, forlorn, desolate.
WILLIAMS, rue)
applied descriptively to mournful
PART
VIII.
517
SECTION XL
[THE PREPOSITION.]
124.
i.
A man
2.
He
3.
is
appeared above (or over) the wall.

leaning against the wall.
saw that knot of men at the
and CHANG was not among them.
time,
The intimacy between them is of very long standing.

I went to see him but he was not at home, so I left word
l
4.
5.
again before sunset.

2
6. They put a log across the path and I caught my foot in
3
on his journey.
j. He met with a very serious risk
8.
Is there a
9.
There
10.
11.
12.
1 3.
14.
15.
1
6.
garden behind the house
it
that I would
and came down.
a temple on the hill, and some houses in a hollow 4 at the back of the
went past the Tung-hua Men.
We
is
Did you go into the garden ?

We went right through 5 it.
Yesterday it was very hot throughout the whole day.
I have heard nothing about the matter we discussed that day,
The boats going up stream are tracked against the current.
we
since
He
6
brought his horse out of the stable, jumped upon him, and rode
walked round the Huang Ch'eng 7 yesterday.
17. I
1 8.
He
19.
The man ran
20.
CHANG
was going away from me when

came towards where I was.
21. Is
come
first I
is off
to
parted.
ofi'.
saw him, and then he faced about 8 and
and by the footpath towards the

Hankow.
across the field
lao-yeh
hill.
road.
he going by land or by water?
Intimacy chiao ch'ing, reciprocation of [friendly] sentiments the days of this state of things are then, deep,
many. The passage is translated in this way merely to bring in the position beticeen; various other English idioms
would of course be equally correct.
1
put
Caught my foot: pan, properly, to wrap round and so to embarrass; lit., they taking a log of wood, hcng,
on the road [it] caught me, [and by catching caused me] a fall.
Note the curious idiom he encountered hen li hai ti, or tt, that which was so
Serious risk hsien, dangerous.
it crosswise,
3
li
hai that
4
5
interior
See
ko hsien, a danger.
tung
Eight through
li
hai above in
many
places.
4.
ta giving activity to ch'uan, to pierce through, as to
many
other verbs;
q.d.,
by way
of the
penetrated through.
Jumped upon him
used, often
7
became,
A hollow
we
6
it
meaning
p'ien, to get
on a horse ;
also written with the radical
on the other side
in the
form hen-
to cheat.
The Huang Ch'eng: the Imperial Enclosure, a
wall
some
six miles long surrounding the
Emperor's
jv
at Peking.
8
Faced about
Towards the road
the dictionaries.
then he turned his face and

:
pen
1
,
to run
saw him = he seemed
here read pin*, towards.
The
to,
come towards
my
latter is a use of the
part.
word not authorised by
518
TZtt
ERH
23.
He goes up the river in

How long will he take ?
24.
Seven days.
22.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
CHI.
a steamer.
Hankow in four days ?

thought a steamer could run from Shanghai to
and
take in at all the ports along
deliver
to
has
one
can
but
this
So she
cargo
25. I
26.
line. 1
the
SECTION
XII.
[THE CONJUNCTION.]
125.
i.
2.
3.
4.
He came
to the
yamen although
was raining so hard.
it
The winter this year is not very cold nor yet very damp.
Not only the boys went to see what was going on that day, but the girls too.
His idea is that people can make out what he writes whether he has written
it
carefully or otherwise.
6.
2
go at any rate, whether you go or not.
Both he and I were wounded.
7.
I feel pretty sure that you'll like it
8.
Do
9.
Say quick, east or west
5. I shall
10.
it
This
either
way
which
not merely pleasant
is
when you have
tried
it.
either will answer.
is it
to be
but useful as
SECTION
well.
XIII.
[THE INTERJECTION.]
Sudden sensations 5 may
126.
which
differ
according as
one of admiration, delight, pity, dislike, astonishment, or desire.

[For instance,] Indeed before you have been learning three months, to speak
the feeling expressed

1
find utterance in expressions
is
so correctly.
2.
Ah
is
it
possible that after so
feeling for the suffering of others

3.
man
Odious
done
1
years of suffering you should have
he has not only wasted time 6 doing nothing, but what he has
done so badly.
Do
it:
the
which people] delight in.

the subject of the whole sentence is shin ch'i; the two first clauses are made pendent by
language proceeding from the lips, when in the heart suddenly there is that which is encountered,
:
SucVii
us
etc.
not to be taken as go, but simply as auxiliary otpan.
ch'ii is
Merely pleasant
Construe thus
no
Along the line yen, properly, down the tide used as along, a road, an edge,
Whether you go: pu kuan, I regard not, it matters not to me.
ckiu.
is
many
ching, only, k'ung, emptily, hsi-huan, [that

:
lea ting sMn ch'i

pu t'ung, different kinds of
ko ting pluralises shen ch'i at the same time that ko, each, is preferentially used as it were to
Note admiration,
ified, q.d., whether of admiration or delight, etc.
properly, to
chiv, in such case, [the shin di'i, spirit of the expression] skill, will be,
spirit,
o;
disjoin the several
f.
tW,
sigh; dili'
6
thcmstlvi
AV
>
astonishment, hsiang pu too, unexpected, ching, to be startled.

vainly, tan wu, to delay and mismanage; not only this, but there have nao, presented
luite;
jxii,
PART
4.
Poor fellow
little
5.
6.
Ah
to be so near
VIII.
his promotion,
and
1 !)
to be cashiered for a thing of so
importance.
3
your foreign contrivances are really most ingenious.
4
WANG lao-yek greatly admired those verses you wrote the other day; he kept
!
<>u
exclaiming, Beautiful
6
Astonishing that a man should prefer a bad thing
thing it's utterly unreasonable.
!
7.
when he might have a good
8.
9.
May CHANG
lao-yeh soon be well of his wound, and he will come to our rescue.
Indeed ? that's good. 7 And what is more, they say
I hear that he is well again.
that he
it
'
is
be so
So near: note the
may
be here the day after to-morrow.
The day
after
to-morrow
May
8
!
force of ton; also that t'a
is
the subject of sheng; that of ko, to cashier
(lit.,
to strip),
Emperor, or Government, understood.

3
Contrivances
chi,
Ingenious
4
ch'iao,
Greatly admired
a spring, ehi
cunning
tsan
ch'i,
things
moving by
miao, abstruse, minute,
miao praised
springs.
fine.
as fine.
l
Kept on exclaiming lien hu repeatedly cried out.
6
Prefer: lit., he fang-cho, putting down, q.d., not touching, the good thing, pu yao, rejects or declines
p'ien yao, preferentially demands, the bad thing ; is there such a principle, such reasoning, as this I
7
That's good hao chi, the height of good.
8
May it be so pa pu te, one can't lay hold of it, it is too good to be true.
it,
ERRATA AND ADDENDA.
522
Tztr
ERH cm.
COLLOQUIAL SERIES.
ERRATA AND ADDENDA.
PART
III.
l\l-L
ERRATA AND ADDENDA.

PART
III.
Page
136.
5.
fm*
143-
755.
i.
i'
3.
1 54.
792.
174.
4.
Mei
183.
939.
88.
965.
PART VII.
PART
VIII.
6.
306.
i.
For
"
read
ch'e,
is
kua
loo p'ai* liao.
Chapter
395.
Note
398.
9.
read
412.
Chapter
For
"
"
"
read should be ts'ao

" but i 3 is
"
read
permissible
"
"
fc$ ?iiJ<
1
,
"
!^j
For "Where may have you been" read "Where may you have been"
some read }j
3.
For "fever" read "influenza"
Page 437.
88.
447.
165.
457-
257.
463.
301.
Note
XXXVII,
Sfread^
After "before sui 3 " insert "Colloquially, ku* sui\"
Cancel the last sentence.
Cancel Note
493.
32.
38.
no more" read "But no more"
yii
492.
Note
so
1
ch'ianrj read chiang
Last line but two of
494.
"And
491.
495.
For
3.
For yu 3 read
3.
For
text.
For tiao read
t'iao
3.
1
shao* read to' shao
"
"
"
read
not intonated
read with the 4th tone
For " ch'iian-chieh, provisionally" read "tui fu cho, as
to
"
4.
6.
to tread"
j|
the same as ts'ao
XXVI,
8.
cA'e-feit
$fe nieh', also read nien*, to nip in the fingers" read
For "* read
6.
read chiao ch'e-'rh or chiao
ch'iao 3
"noti
8.
Note
"
p|j
391.
504.
his bean,
For chiao' read chiao*
For
Omit " or
9.
291.
Page 489.
read la 4
is
For chiao
Obs.
2.
Page 362.
For "can pickup" read "is good at"
289.
341.
read/en-
read
For " started in practice " the more common expression

For jung 3 jung* read jung' jimg'
Col. 7.
73.
Note
would be better rendered by "penniless," or "on
lao*-'rh
Col. 6.
177.
Page 241.
VI.
i*
After last sentence, insert " Against the current."

For Lao 3 -yeh* read Lao^-yeh
204.1058.
PART
Note that
900.
Page 284.
7.
8 (four places).
175.
Col.
765.
50.
PART V.
read
702.
708.
147.
PART IV.
For
133.
523
"notions" read "nations"
makeshift."
SHANGHAI:
STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE INSPECTORATE
GENERAL OF CUSTOMS.
mi
C\)
University of Toronto
o
L'brary
I
<0
-
o
r*
.-I
fH
cr1
a
d
DO NOT
REMOVE
THE
CARD
FROM
THIS
POCKET
CO
Acme Library Card
Pocket
Under Pat. "Ref. Index
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BHj^HHn HHHgraffira&HnH

YEN TZU ERH

THOMAS FRANCIS WADE,

WALTER CAINE HILLIER,

H.B.M.'s Legation, Peldng.

KELLY & WALSH, LIMITED, SHANGHAI, YOKOHAMA, AND HONGKONG.

THE FORTY EXERCISES

Chinese Weights and Measures

THE TEN DIALOGUES

THE HUNDRED LESSONS

THE GRADUATE'S WOOING,

THE STORY OF A PROMISE THAT WAS KEPT

THE TONE EXERCISES

Notes on the Tone Kules affecting the Finals

Exercises in the Tones

THE PARTS OF SPEECH:

The Noun and the

The Chinese Numerative Noun

Number, Singular and Plural

The Adjective and

by Mood, Tense, and Voice

KRRATA AND ADDENDA

(Personal, Relative, Possessive, Demonstrative, Distributive,

THE FORTY EXERCISES.

The Cardinal Numbers from

The Cardinal Numbers.

and 10 are found

form of Hang, has the same meaning, but

two, but under special

used with even greater

ten, precedes the lesser

20, erh -shik

a couple, dual, is often used as the cardinal

in the Radical Table.

san1 pai3 ling- san 1

be used with the verb

yii? (see 8), to be, as

odd, after myriads, thousands, hundreds

thirty, after tens.

The Ordinal Numbers. Any cardinal number

not interrogative more emphasis

than on shao, but the tone

of numeration, words are used

meration, to approach a total,

under, not in excess.

measure of time, space, quantity, etc.

one, changes its tone before

and other numeratives.

THE FORTY EXERCISES.

Three or five persons or

The seventeenth person (or thing).

Number one the first also, figuraNumber twenty-seven; the

also say three or four, four or five.

the one thousand

million and three hundredth

person (or thing). Five hundred and seventy

dred thousand and twenty.

Three hundred and

Five million and one.

hundred and seven.

Seventy thousand one hundred and

any (or the utmost) degree;