Observation

On 15th July 2015, we did an observation to a woodcarving workshops which is

located at Jalan Nangka 52, Denpasar. Our purpose is to evaluate the woodcarving
workshops based on their ergonomics. We did an observation and also took a survey
based on the attached questionnaire.
In our observation, we looking for some materials which could cause an injury. For
example, injured feet from fallen heavy objects (woodcarving tools), electrocuted by
tools, cuts and punctures caused by sharp edges of tools or woods.
We also observed about the work-time, the enviroment, and the noise level of the
machines in the woodcarving workshops. Beside that, we observed is there some
chemicals which are toxic and also observed the affect psychology of workers in the
woodcarving workshops.
Other than interview and observation, we have also conducted a reserach on journals
that have been written about this topics. We did our research using mostly PubMed and
also Google Scholar.

Kuisioner

1. Alat-alat apa saja yang dipakai untuk bekerja?

2. Bahan-bahan apa saja yang dipakai untuk bekerja sehari-hari?
3. Sejak kapan Bapak bekerja sebagai tukang kayu?
4. Bapak mulai bekerja sejak jam berapa hingga jam berapa?
5. Apakah ada sakit atau gatal-gatal setelah bekerja? Seberapa sering?
6. Apakah Bapak memakai alat pelindung dalam bekerja?
7. Bagaimana kondisi alat-alat di sini? Apakah masih baik? Sudah lamakah?
8. Bagaimana perawatan alat-alatnya? Sudah berapa kali diganti?
9. Bagaimana dengan posisi kerja sehari-hari? Apakah nyaman dengan posisi tersebut?
10. Adakah keluhan yangdirasakan setelah bekerja dengan posisi tersebut?

Task Aspect
In our daily life, we need to carry out many tasks. Our body will react according to the given
task. Specific postures and movements are needed to those tasks. Therefore, postures and

movements are important in ergonomics which to help us optimise our work and prevent
from getting musculoskeletal disorders, injury and stress. Types of postures are sitting,
standing and walking whereas types of movements are bending, twisting, awkward and
backward. When we are carrying out a movement or postures, force will be applied and our
bodys muscles, ligaments and joints will react according to it.
The ergonomics of postures and movements are derived from three aspects which are
anthropometrics, physiology and biomechanical. Anthropometry is the subject which deals
with the measurements of the human external body dimensions in static and dynamic
conditions. Anthropometric data is used for product and workplace design. In other words,
the tools and products are designed to fit to human. In physiological aspect, it is the science
of mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of humans in good health and how to
apply that information in the evaluation and design of work. Our musculoskeletal system and
energy expenditure are involved while doing the tasks. For biomechanical aspect, it is the
study of the structure and function of biological systems by means of the methods of
mechanics. It is the application of mechanical principles to biological systems of human
being. Three factors are considered in this aspects which are force, joint and range of motion.