Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Overviews
Sequential Control and GRAPH 5
SlMATlC S5
GRAPH 5 Overview
GRAPH 5/11
Creating Sequencers
Process Synchronization
Manual
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
Structure of the Data Blocks
Notes on Installation
and Testing
Appendix
ESD Guidelines
User Notes
Remarks Forms
Copyright
Copyright O Siemens AG 1994 All Rights Reserved
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its contents is not permitted without
express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages. All rights, including rights
created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design, are reserved.
Liability disclaimer
We have checked the contents of this manual for agreement with the hardware and software
described. Since deviations cannot be excluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full agreement.
However, the data in this manual are reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections
included in subsequent editions. Suggestions for improvement are welcomed.
Technical data subject to change.
Safety-related guidelines
This manual contains certain notices which you should observe to ensure your own
personal safety, as well as to protect the product and connected equipment. These notices
are highlighted in the manual by a warning triangle and are marked as follows according to
the level of danger:
A
A
Warning
indicates that death, severe personal injury or substantial damage to property
can result if proper precautions are not taken.
Caution
indicates that minor personal injury or property damage can result if proper
precautions are not taken.
Only qualified personnel should be allowed to install and work on this equipment.
Qualified persons are defined as persons who are authorized to commission, to ground
and to tag equipment, systems and circuits in accordance with established safety
practices and standards.
Bestell-Nr. 6ES5998-1FA23
Contents
Contents
................................................1 .1
Guide to the Manual .......................................1 .2
Graphic User Interface .....................................1 .3
Selection Functions ........................................1 .4
Sequential Control and GRAPH 5 ...........................2 .1
What is a Sequential Control System? ........................2 .2
WhatisGRAPHS? ........................................2 - 7
How does GRAPH 5 Function? ..............................2 .13
The Elements of GRAPH 5 .................................2 .14
Overviews
.............
..................
GRAPH 5 Overview .......................................3 .1
Product Overview: the Components of GRAPH 5 ..............3 .2
PG Components: The Packages ..............................3 .3
GRAPH 5 Editing Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 .3
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis: Monitoring and Operating Sequencers. . . . . . . . 3 .3
PLC Components: The Function Blocks
3 .4
......................
Creating Sequencers .......................................4 .1
Introduction ..............................................4 .2
Call Diagrams ............................................4 .3
Call Diagram
Call Diagram
Call Diagram
Call Diagram
Using
Using
Using
Using
FB 70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
FB 72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
FB 73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
FB 70171 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
.3
.4
.5
.6
Contents
.............................
4 .7
Creating Functional Sequencers
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .7
Entering a Sequencer (SBx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .12
Generating the Required Data Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .13
FB Selection / SB Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .14
Programming the OB, Assigning Parameters for the FB . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .16
Restrictions when Creating Sub-Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .17
Operation with Several SBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .17
Further Restrictions / Limit Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .18
Loading and Starting the Sequencer
4 .19
Creating Sequencers on the PG
4 .21
Structure of the User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .21
ID Screen Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .21
Overview Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .21
Zoom-in Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .21
Editing Mode / Output Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .21
Functions and Keys available in GRAPH 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .22
Display Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .24
The Zoom-in Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .26
Titles/Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .27
Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .30
Deleting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .31
Activating the Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .32
Preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .32
Main Menu of GRAPH 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .33
Creating Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .35
Programming the ID Screen Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .36
Programming at the Overview Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .39
Start of the Sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .39
Changing the SB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .40
Step/Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .41
Simultaneous Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .44
Alternative Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .46
Jump Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .48
End of a Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .49
Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .50
Init Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .51
Sub-Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .52
.........................
..............................
Contents
Initial Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .53
Permanent Step/ Selective Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .53
Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .55
Exchanging Contents of Steps or Transitions at the Zoom-in Level . . 4 .57
Copying the Contents of a Step or Transition at the Zoom-in Level . . 4 .58
Completing Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .59
Zoom-in Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .61
Programming Steps/Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .61
Flag 233.0 in Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .62
Flag 233.0 in Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .63
Segment Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .64
Multistep Zoom-Ins (MSZ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .68
Empty Steps/ Empty Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .75
Creating the Data Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .76
Fast Re-Translation of Sequence Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .77
Cross Reference Lists with GRAPH 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .78
Rewiring GRAPH 5 Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .78
Printing out a Sequence Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .78
Call Structure
4 .79
4 .81
Nesting Main and Sub-Sequences
Further Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .81
Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .82
Preparations in the Main Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .82
Creating the Sub.Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .85
Generating the Corresponding DB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .85
Loading in the PLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .85
4 .87
Testing and Starting Up
Transferring the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .87
GRAPH 5 Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .87
The Standard Blocks
4 .91
Fast Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .92
FB 72 /SB 2 for Linear, Alternative and Simultaneous Sequences . . . . 4 .92
FB 73/SB 3 for Linear and Alternative Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .93
FB 74, Additional Functions for FB 72/73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .96
Description of the Modes of FB 72 and FB 73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .99
Description of the Modes of FB 74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .104
Possible Modes of FB 72, FB 73 and FB 74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .107
Standard Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .109
.............................................
............................
....................................
.......................................
Contents
FB 701SB 0 for a Main Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .109
FB 711SB 0 for Sub-Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .117
Description of the Modes of FB 70171. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .123
Possible Modes for the Sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .129
Switching Over Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .130
Cold Restart Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .135
Additional Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .139
FB 75 for Additional Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .139
Description of the Modes of FB 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .143
Response to a Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .145
Possible Block Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .146
Programming Examples for Implementing Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .147
Example of Planning and Starting Up
4 .165
Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .166
Conceptphase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 1 6 6
Planning on the Programmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .168
Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .172
Preparing for Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .172
Programming on the PG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .174
Entering the Waiting and Monitoring Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .177
Starting Up and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .178
Transferring the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .178
Generating the Diagnosis DB and the Working DB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .178
Calling FB 73 in the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .179
Testing the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .180
Printing Out the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .180
Programming StepIMSZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .181
Permanent Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .181
Selective Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .182
Multistep Zoom-In (MSZ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .183
........................
....................................5 .1
Introduction ..............................................5 .2
Process Synchronization
Contents
.................................
................
..........................
........................................
..........................
................
.......................................6 .1
Introduction ..............................................6 .2
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
.......................
Contents
Mode of Operation on the PLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .14
Preparing the Diagnostic Program
6 .15
Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .15
Editing the Parameter Data DB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .15
Integration in the User Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .16
Transferring and Testing the Diagnostic Program
6 .18
Loading on the PLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .18
Test and Start-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .18
Working with Diagnosis on the PG
6 .19
User Interface, Selectable Functions on the PG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .19
Basic Functions for Diagnosis on the PG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .20
Overview of the Main Functions on the PG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .21
Group Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .22
Step Sequence Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .25
Step Sequence Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .28
Criteria Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .31
Operating Screen Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .34
Example of GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
6 .39
Blocks on the PLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .39
Programming Start-up OBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .40
Block Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .40
Blocks for the Cyclic Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .41
Detailed Description of the FB
6 .43
FB 69 Start.Up, Operation and Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .43
FB 68, Write Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .52
FB 67, Read Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .54
...........................
..............
...........................
.............................
...............................
................................7 .1
Assignment of the Working DB: DB<GS:Sequence> ............7 .2
Assignment of the GRAPH 5 Diagnostic DB: DB<GS:DIAG> ....7 .17
Assignment of the GRAPH 5 Diagnostic Parameters:
DB<GS:PARA> ...........................................7 .29
Assignment of the Diagnostic DB: DB<DIAG>.................7 .30
Structure of the Data Blocks
Contents
............................8 .1
Fast Version ..............................................8 .2
Notes on Installation and Testing
..........................................
......
...........................................
..........................
Appendix .................................................9 .1
Abbreviations .............................................9 .2
Glossary .................................................9 .7
S5 File Types..............................................9 .19
Further Reading ..........................................9 .21
Index ....................................................9 .23
Overviews
1.1
Software
user's contract
Back-up copy
Ovenliews
1.2
Function selection
Selection Functions
1.3
Selection Functions
Starting in the main menu, you select a function or an editor via
the appropriate submenus. The current operating status or mode of
the PG determines whether or not certain functions can be
activated or not, e.g. when there is no connection to a PLC.
For further information, refer to the STEP 5 manual.
/
time-driven
\
event-driven
The step enabling conditions are only dependent on the time (e.g.
waiting or monitoring times).
The step enabling conditions are dependent on signals from the
process being controlled (e.g. on acknowledgements/feedback).
conditions
Start condition
Step 1
Step enabling
conditions
l
1
Step enabling
conditions
for step n
U
Step 3
Command X
Step enabling cond n - l
Step n
Representation of sequence
Representation of sequence
Sequential control
system
Structure of a
sequential control
system
mode section,
sequencer,
command output.
Start
Stop
Mode section
Signals
Enable
about
mode
Step enabling
conditions
m
r
Sequencer
Manual control
Enable
Interlock
Command output
Control commands
Control commands
-
The preset parameters for the operating mode are processed in the
mode section. The result is passed on to the sequencer and to
command output in the form of signals (e.g. enable).
The sequencer ensures that the control is executed step-by-step.
Depending on the step enabling conditions, the program proceeds
from one step to the next.
Step enabling conditions
Il
12
13
Start
+Sequence
continues
S
Q1
Q2
Q3
Outputs
What is GRAPH 5?
2.2
What is GRAPH 5?
GRAPH 5 is a software package for graphic planning and
programming of sequential control systems and is an extension of
STEP 5.
With GRAPH 5, a step-by-step program sequence (sequential
controller) required to meet the technical demands of your plant
can be planned as an overview. The zoom-in or detailed
representation is then programmed in LAD, CSF or STL.
GRAPH 5
GRAPH 5
is available on the PG as a programming package
allows a sequencer to be structured by breaking it down into
steps (actions) and transitions (step enabling conditions)
- supports planning and design, programming, documentation,
testingldiagnosis
- supports programming at the overview and zoom-in levels
- supports the various modes and functions of the process
sequence and its diagnosis by means of standard blocks on the
PLC.
-
~~~~
GRAPH 5
diagnosis
level
level
Actions
Step
Transition
At the zoom-in level the contents of the steps and transitions are
programmed using the zoom-in function:
- the actions in the step
- the step enabling conditions in the transition
What is GRAPH 5?
Material introduced
I I I
S
Lower die
T2i
Pressing completed
m
p, 1
T4
Raise die
Lower mold
- - - - - - - - - -
Mold lowered
Remove pellet
Tm
5"',oval
completed
p, I
T6
F
I
Raise mold
- - - - - - - - - -
Mold raised
D
U
PRESSING END?
LIMIT SWITCH
MAN-ENAB
LIMIT SWITCH
5.0
AUTO-ENAB
233.0
STEP 5
REMOVAL OF PELLET
AUTO-ENAB
EMER STOP
MAN ENAB
MAN-5
EMER STOP
VALVEIM
AUTO-ENAB =
F 233.0
EMERSTOP =
MAN-ENAB
F 205.6
MAN-5
18.7
VALVEIM
Q 6.0
4.1
REMOVAL
What is GRAPH 5?
Documentation
During planning and programming, you can:
enter comments for the steps and transitions at the overview
level
- enter (stepltransition) segment titles, statement and segment
comments and display the assignment list of symbols used at
the zoom-in level.
-
2.3
1. Step:
Description of the actions executed by the sequencer when a
certain status exists. These actions are programmed at the zoom-in
level; a flag (F 233.0) is used as a substitute for the enable signal
for the modes AUTOMATIC, STEP SELECTION and EXECUTE.
for the mode HAND, flag F 205.6 serves as the enable signal.
2.Transition:
Description of the step enabling conditions with which a
sequencer changes from one status to the next (i.e. proceeds from
one step to the next). These step enabling conditions are
programmed at the zoom-in level. The result of logic operation
(RLO) is not the definitive step enabling condition, it can, in some
cases, still be corrected by the GRAPH 5 program,
e.g. waiting times not yet elapsed etc. Flag 233.0 is used to
activate the next step(s).
For planning and programming using the PG, the GRAPH 5 PG
software is necessary. The program for a sequential control system
is created offline.
To run the program on a programmable logic controller (PLC), the
standard function blocks for GRAPH 5 are necessary. These FBs
are available for specific PLCs. The FBs are used to implement
the modes of the sequencer. Per sequencer at least one standard
block is called and assigned parameters. Test and diagnosis are
executed online with the PLC.
2.4
2.4.1
Elements at the
Overview Level
Linear sequence
Opening a
simultaneous
branch
Closing a
simultaneous
branch
Note
Every simultaneous branch must run through as far as the
junction.
Alternative branch
Note
If possible, the step enabling conditions of the transitions Til to
Tin should be mutually exclusive. If the conditions for several
transitions are satisfied simultaneously, the transition furthest
left will be enabled (corresponds to OR sequence).
Alternative
junction (graphic)
When alternative branches join again, the following step Sn+l will
be activated when one of the previous transitions Til to Tin
switches. The sequencer therefore proceeds from Sn or Skl or...
Ski to the next step within a PLC cycle.
Jump
end of sequence
alternative
junction
Initial step/
selective
step
Initial step
This is activated at the start of the sequencer without the
conditions being checked and
- it becomes active after the jump to S 0 when the sequencer is
running cyclically.
-
Selective step
The action part of a step marked as selective is only processed
when the step is active. Normally (without selective steps) all the
steps of the sequencer are run through cyclically; if a step is not
active, the actions are carried out with RLO=O. With a selective
step, the action part is skipped if the step is not active.
You can use selective steps, for example, for process sequence
counters.
Note
Rvo branches following each other immediately must have a
step between them.
Each simultaneous branch must be opened and closed
graphically.
Alternative branches within simultaneous branches must be
closed before the junction.
Jumps between different simultaneous branches are not
permitted since they generally cause an incorrect response in
the sequencer.
2.4.2
Programming at
the Zoom-in Level
The steps and transitions are programmed at the zoom-in level, i.e.
their content is specified in LAD, CSF or STL.
Programming the
steps
Programming the
transitions
MOTOR 2
Transitions are the step enabling conditions for the steps. The
conditions that must be satisfied (RLO=l) to allow the next step
(or steps) to be activated must be programmed.
Note
Only the last result of logic operation (RLO) before the end of
the transition (BE) decides whether or not the transition
switches.
2.4.3
Waiting and
Monitoring Times
Waiting time
This is the minimum time TW, for which a step remains enabled
even if the following transition has already been satisfied. The
next step will only become active after the waiting time has
elapsed.
Monitoring time
2.4.4
Comments
2.4.5
Multistep Zoom-in
You can specify a comment for every step and transition. The
comments are displayed both at the overview and at the zoom-in
level.
Refer to Chapter 4.
2.5
: Data traffic
: Block calls
: Generated by LAD 1 CSF 1 STL PG software (Edit 0 8 1 PB)
: Standard biock
: Generated by user with GRAPH 5 PG software (Edit SB)
: Generated by GRAPH 5 PG software (DB-GEN)
: Control main sequence (fast version)
: Execute biock
: User biock (transitions and actions)
: Working DB (DB<G5:sequence>)
2.6
Programming
without GRAPH 5
Old representation (DIN standard 40719)
-11.7
1
F
F
F
1.7
16.0
16.1
16.0
:A
., --
16.1
1.7
:S
:A
:A
Q
1
F
1.3
1.6
16.1
:
:
:
:
A
A
S
R
.m
Segment 2
Segment 5
:A
Programming with
GRAPH 5
SB 16
TTl
Step 1:
Step 2:
t
t
t
Transition 1:
: A 1 1.7
: BE
Transition 2:
: A 1 1.6
: BE
Transition 3:
: A 1 1.5
: BE
Transition 4:
: A 1 1.4
: BE
Transition 5:
: A N 1 1.7
:AN11.6
:AN11.5
:AN11.4
: BE
: A F233.0
:=Q1.7
: S Q 1.3
: BE
T2
Step 3:
: A F233.0
:=Q1.6
: BE
TM:
TW: KT 50.1
T3
Step 4:
: A F233.0
: = Q1.5
: BE
TM:
TW: KT 50.1
T4
Step 5:
: A F233.0
:=Q1.4
: RQ1.3
: BE
T5
SO GRAPH5 END
Itallcs:
Without GRAPH 5
With GRAPH 5
Programming in GRAPH 5.
Conversion is automatic.
GRAPH 5 Overview
GRAPH 5 Overview
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
GRAPH 5 Editing
Package
Using this package you can create and work with sequencers. The
three essential functions are as follows:
creating and modifying a sequencer
generating the appropriate data areas
creating the program framework
(calling the sequencer or the standard blocks)
(Refer to Chapter 4)
3.2.2
GRAPH 5
Diagnosis:
Monitoring and
Operating
Sequencers
(Refer to Chapter 6)
GRAPH 5 Overview
3.3
Overview of the
standard blocks
FB 70/SB 0
FB 71
FB 72/SB 2
FB 73/SB 3
FB 74
FB 75
Timer handling
FB 67,68,69
Diagnosis
SB 5
Synchronization
Creating Sequencers
Creating Sequencers
4.1
Introduction
This chapter contains a complete description of how to create
sequencers both on the PG and the PLC. After working through
this chapter, you will be able to create, call, run and test
sequencers. The chapter is deliberately restricted to the basic
functions. Process synchronization and diagnosis are not
described. You can find detailed information about these functions
in Chapters 5 and 6.
Call Diagrams
4.2
Call Diagrams
4.2.1
Call Diagram
Using FB 70
: Data exchange
: Block calls
: Generated by LAD 1 CSF 1 STL PG software (edit 0 8 1 PB)
: Standard biock
: Generated by user with GRAPH 5 PG software (edit SB)
: Generated by GRAPH 5 PG software (DB-GEN)
: Control main sequence (standard version)
: Timer handling (optional)
: Execute biock (control of mode)
: User biock, (transitions and actions), X >= 10
: Working DB (DB<G5:sequence>)
Creating Sequencers
4.2.2
Call Diagram
Using FB 72
: Data exchange
: Block calls
: Generated by LAD / CSF / STL PG software (edit 0 8 1 PB)
: Standard biock
: Generated by user with GRAPH 5 PG software (edit SB)
: Generated by GRAPH 5 PG software (DB-GEN)
: Control main sequence (fast version)
: Additional modes (only for FB 721 FB 73)
: Timer handling (optional)
: Execute block
: User biock, (transitions and actions), X >= 10
: Working DB (DB <sequence>)
Call Diagrams
4.2.3
Call Diagram
Using FB 73
.
m
: Data exchange
: Block calls
FB 73
SBX
: Execute block
: User block, (transitions and actions), X >= 10
DB X
: Working DB (DB<GB:sequence>)
SB 3
Creating Sequencers
4.2.4
Call Diagram
Using FB 70171
.
m
: Data exchange
: Block calls
: Generated by LAD 1 CSF 1 STL PG software (Edit 0 8 1 PB)
: Standard biock
R : Generated by GRAPH5 PG software (Edit SB)
: Genrerated by GRAPH5 PG software (DB-GEN)
FB 70
FB 71
FB 75
SB 0
SBx, U
DB X,
4.3
4.3.1
General
Main sequence
Sub-sequence
Creating Sequencers
Step types
Permanent step
Selective step
Initial step
Timer functions
(Tw
(TM-MIN)
Creating Sequencers
Integrated tools
You create and edit your program with GRAPH 5. You are,
however, supported by tools when using your program (SB).
If you trigger the function DB-GEN the diagnosis DB,
DB<GS:DIAG> and the working DB, DB<GS:sequence> are
generated.
If problems occur when you run your program, you are supported
by the process synchronization when you restart the SB in the
online mode (refer to Section 5.3 where you will find the
additional settings that must be made).
If you have problems starting up your sequential control system or
timeouts occur when sequencers are running, the online diagnosis
system GRAPH 5 diagnosis will support you in troubleshooting.
Using GRAPH 5 diagnosis, you can monitor up to four PLCs
simultaneously.
Further tools
Adapting the
timers
Important
If you run more than one SB simultaneously, you must make
sure that the timers do not overlap.
Minimum
configuration
Possible
expansions
Diagnostic functions
FB 67, FB 68 and FB 69, and the required DBs:
DB<GS:DIAG>
DB<DIAG>
DB<GS:PARA>
Process synchronization
SB 5 and SB<Sync>
Creating Sequencers
4.3.2
Entering a
Sequencer (SBx)
Generating the
Required Data
Blocks
in *.S5D
change
DB-GEN
aiiowed
required
DB-GEN
aiiowed
DB-GEN
aiiowed
required
required
DB-GEN
aiiowed
required
Yes
I no
yes
1 no
yes
I no
Yes
no
yes
1 no
yes
1 no
yes
no
yes
--
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
..
..
selective/ permanent
yes
no
yes
I no
yes
I no
no
--
Comment
yes
I no
yes
yes
I no
no
--
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
--
yes
1 yes
Yes
Yes
no
--
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
zoom-in
TWlTM
time value
TWlTM
Timer base in ID form
inciudelciear
simultaneous branches
INIT steps
Generate ldelete
an MSZ
yes
no
--
~
1
Creating Sequencers
4.3.4
FB Selection /
SB Assignment
The standard FBs available differ from each other in terms of their
range of functions, speed and size and the possible additional
function blocks. For more detailed information refer to Section 4.9.
With GRAPH-5 diagnosis (refer to Chapter 6) you also require
the DB<GS:DIAG>, DB<DIAG> and DB<GS:PARA>.
Remember that FB 69 creates a further temporary DB in the PLC
and the DB number (DB<GS:DIAG> +l) must be reserved for
this.
Fast version:
Sequencer with alternative branches
Fast version:
Sequencer with simultaneous and alternative branches
Function block
Corresponding SB
Description
FB 72
SB 2
sequence control
FB 74
FB 75
FB 67, 68, 69
diagnosis, optional
SB5
1 synchronization, optional
Standard version:
Sequencer with simultaneous and alternative branches and
sub-sequence; all modes integrated
Creating Sequencers
4.3.5
Programming the
OB, Assigning
Parameters for the
FB
To implement the cold restart function for the sequencer, you must
reset the parameter N-ST in a start-up OB of the PLC (OB 20, 21
or 22, depending on the PLC used; refer to Section 4.9.2.6).
For N-ST, you must use a flag bit that is not used at any other
point. The reason for this is that RLO = 0 for N-ST resets the
sequencer. FB 70 reads and writes to N-ST.
4.3.6
Restrictions when
Creating
Sub-Sequences
4.3.7
Operation with
Several SBs
Creating Sequencers
4.3.8
Further
Restrictions / Limit
Values
Sequence block SB X
MSZ
Simultaneous or parallel
branches
Flag area
4.4
Creating Sequencers
4.5
4.5.1
Structure of the
User Interface
4.5.1.l
ID Screen Form
When you create a new SB, the ID screen form is displayed first.
In this screen form, you enter the configuration parameters and the
identification.
(Refer to Section 4.5.4.)
When you press the enter key, you change to the overview level.
4.5.1.2
Overview Level
4.5.1.3
Zoom-in Level
4.5.1.4
Editing Mode /
Output Mode
Creating Sequencers
4.5.2
Functions and
Keys available in
GRAPH 5
Display modes
Half screen
i
l
PAUSE
At the overview level: you switch over between "half" and "full
screen". The left half of the screen displays the sequencer and the
right half the comments (refer to Section 4.5.2.1).
At the zoom-in level with STL representation and symbols
selected: changes the display between operands and statement
comments for the step or transition.
Scrolling
Arrow key left
At the overview level: with half screen display move the screen
contents to the right or left.
At the zoom-in level: position the cursor.
Zoom-in function
Zoom-in function
special function in GRAPH 5
Comment
Comment key
Overview-zoom-in level:
Correction
Edit mode
:,,I
Creating Sequencers
Delete
Iq
Delete characters
Display Mode
REPRESENT:
COMMENTS:
SYMBOLS:
STL
Keystrokes
Scrolling
If there are more than three parallel sequences and you are using
the "half screen" mode, only three leftmost sequences along with
their step and transition comments can be displayed. Using the
double arrow keys rightpeft, you can move the display on the
left-hand side of the screen horizontally. The comments on the
right are then updated to match the display on the left.
Creating Sequencers
4.5.2.2
The Zoom-in
Function
At the zoom-in level you can use the keys + (+l) or (-1) or roll
screen upldown to jump to the previous or next stepitransition
without returning to the overview level. When the prompt Change
stepitransition? appears, you can reply with yes or no.
Titles/Comments
At the overview level you can input comments for each step and
each transition. Each comment can be up to 32 characters long.
This comment corresponds to the segment title in a STEP 5 block.
With the zoom-in function, not only comments for a step or
transition can be entered, but also segment comments. In the
statement list, you can also enter statement comments.
Creating Sequencers
Statement comments
Keystrokes
Keystrokes
Creating Sequencers
4.5.2.4
Correction
In the output mode, the CORR key switches over to the editing
mode.
Initial
F Selective F Exchange F
Step
Jump
Search 4
Copy
TM-TW
F Zoom-in F
5
Open
Enter
Help
Cancel
LAD
F
Math
it
Blocks
it
Shift
-l
F Compare F
-(
)-
Help
Enter
Cancel
Extras
Help
Enter
Cancel
CSF
F
Math
Blocks
Shift
&
>=l
-1
-4
Deleting
You can use the delete key in the editing mode both at the overview and at the zoom-in level.
F2330
Q100
0-1
Cursor
Keystrokes
STL
Delete statements or part of a statement at the cursor position, e.g.
you want to delete the statement A I 9.0.
Position the cursor on the ":",and press the delete key.
: A I 1.1
: A I 1.1
: A I 9.0 > Press the delete key.
: A F 233.0
: A F 233.0
: = Q 10.0
: = Q 10.0
: BE
: BE
Creating Sequencers
4.5.3
Activating the
Package
Keystrokes
4.5.3.1
Preparations
Presets
Main Menu of
GRAPH 5
Object
Editor
Test
11 I
...F1
Management
Documentation
Change
Generate XRF
EPROM >
Rewire >
Assignment lists
Select drive
STEP 5
GB-DIAG
further ...
...
Help
it
v
DB screen forms >
Assignment list ...
XRF list >
I / Q / F list >
Three-in-one >
Effect
Editor
/GRAPH 5 block/
Editor
Test
/Block status
/ in the PLC...
in the PLC
working DB
GRAPH 5 sequencer
Documentation
4.5.3.3
Creating Blocks
Program file :
C:NONAMEST:S5D
1
Block list :
Search key :
Selection
[ SB11
[
Keystrokes
UpdateXRF
Creating Sequencers
4.5.4
Programming the
ID Screen Form
LEN =
D:NONAMEST.S5D
S e q
FB sei
1
1
l
I
c o n t r o i
e n t i a i
SB 10
DB l 0
Process synchronization
: No
: SB 110
T1
sequencer identification
Timer base
T1
F 200.0
T 0 , C O
Time base 2
Lib no
Select FB 4
Syncsei
Sync no
T2
- F 255.7
Enter
Cancel
,
F1: Edit time base
F2: Edit library number
F3: Select between FB 70171 or FB 72 or FB 73 or
FB 78 for controlling the sequencer
F4: Selectldeselect process synchronization
F5: Edit the number of the synchronization SB
F7: Enter the screen form
FB 78 belongs to the GRAPH 5-EDDI package.
FB 78 and process synchronization cannot be selected simultaneously.
For more details on FB 78 please refer to the GRAPH 5-EDDI manual.
Time base
If you press F1 (Time base) you can enter the time base (T 1
through T 254). The time base specifies the start of the area used
for waiting and monitoring times. The timer T 0 is used by
GRAPH 5. Rvo timers are required per simultaneous branch
(max. 2 X 8 = 16), i.e. if a simultaneous branch is programmed,
T 1to T 252 can be used as the start address of the time base. If 8
simultaneous branches are programmed, T 1to T 238 are possible
as the start address.
These timers are occupied even if no times are entered in the
branch; they must not be used outside GRAPH 5. The timers
permitted depend on the particular PLC. They must not overlap
for different sequence blocks loaded in the PLC.
Lib no
If you press F2 (Lib no.) you can enter a 1to 5 digit library
number. The library number can only be input or modified in the
sequencer identification screen form. When you output (display)
an SB, the F2 (Lib no) key displayed in the softkey menu has no
effect in GRAPH 5.
Select FB
If you press F3 (SELECT FB), you select the standard FBs you
want to use.
The following function blocks are available:
FB 70171 for linear/altemative/simultaneous/sub-sequence:
standard version
- FB 72
for linearlaltemative and simultaneous sequence:
fast version
- FB 73
for linear and alternative sequence: fast version
for GRAPH 5-EDDI; This function is described in
- FB 78
the GRAPH 5-EDDI manual.
-
Creating Sequencers
Sync sel
Sync no
Note
When you exit the ID screen form by pressing the ESC key
when first creating a sequence block, you can continue to work
with the selected block in LAD, CSF or STL.
If you press the enter key, the overview level is displayed.
4.5.5
Programming at
the Overview Level
4.5.5.1
Start of the
Sequencer
After you have entered the data in the ID screen form (refer to
Section 4.5.4) by pressing F7 (Enter) or the enter key, the start of
a sequencer is displayed on the screen.
You are in the editing mode at the overview level
You can expand the sequencer using the cursor and function keys.
Cur, message
initial
Selective
Step
Jump
F Exchange F
3
Search
Copy
Zoom-in
TM-W
Open
F Seg corn
6
Close
Extras
Help
Enter
Cancel
,
The question marks in the display mean that the step (transition)
has not yet been programmed at the zoom-in level.
Creating Sequencers
4.5.5.2
Changing the SB
C : EXAMP@ST.S5D
SB 10
LEN =
Current message
ID screen 2
Search
Half scr
TM-W
Zoom-in
Seg com
Save
Help
Edit
Enter
Cancel
You are in the output mode at the overview level. You can change
to the editing mode by pressing F6.
Keystrokes
Example
-Cursor
on end of sequence F1
Creating Sequencers
To insert a stepltransition
Keystrokes
Example
Buffer limit
To insert a transitionlstep
Keystrokes
Example
Numbering
Creating Sequencers
4.5.5.4
Simultaneous
Branch
Keystrokes
Example
Number of
branches,
messages
Keystrokes
Example
-Cursor
F6
or
b) F6, F6, type in
Creating Sequencers
4.5.5.5
Alternative Branch
Before you open an alternative branch, you must position the
cursor on a transition.
To open an alternative branch
Keystrokes
Example
Number of
branches,
messages
Keystrokes
Example
-Cursor
b) F6, F6 type In
You can also close an alternative branch with the jump function.
- 47
Creating Sequencers
4.5.5.6
Jump Commands
Keystrokes
Example
F2
End of a Sequence
Creating Sequencers
4.5.5.8
Timers
Monitoring time
(TM/TM-MIN)
C : EXAMP@ST.S5D
initial values:
ID screen 2
TW
TM:
F
1
LEN =
F
inittime
Subseq
New MS2
Help
Del MS2 7
Return
Here, using F2 (Inittime), you can enter the initial values for
TMDW. If you enter values here, these are adopted as default
values if you subsequently insert a step. Subsequent changes are
only possible for specific steps.
Creating Sequencers
4.5.5.10
Sub-Sequence
You can assign the ID 'U' to a step. Using this ID, you can
highlight a step which calls a sub-sequence.
Keystrokes
4.5.5.12
Permanent Step/
Selective Step
Permanent step
The programmed actions are executed depending on the RLO. All
steps of the sequence are run through cyclically both active and
inactive steps. The operations to be performed in a permanent step
are controlled by the step flag. The step flag is entered by
GRAPH 5 in each step as the first statement: "A F233.0".
With active steps, GRAPH 5 sets the step flag to "l", with
inactive steps to "0". RLO-independent commands are therefore
performed in every cycle, RLO-dependent commands only when
the RLO = 1.
Creating Sequencers
Note
Transitions are always processed selectively.
The step flag is set by the switching transition for the next step
(= 1) and reset for the previous step (= 0). Transitions which do
not enable a step do not change the step flag.
Selective step
A selective step is only processed in the cycle in which the
appropriate step flag is set. Othenvise the selective step is
skipped. In the automatic mode, a maximum of one step per
simultaneous branch can be active.
Only the active step zoom-in is processed.
If a selective step is not active all the statements at the zoom-in
level are skipped and no longer executed.
Changing between a permanent and selective step:
Keystrokes
Search
Keystrokes
Press F3 (Search).
Enter Sn or TRn.
Press the return key.
Keystrokes
Press F3 (Search).
Enter SLn-no. or TRLn-no.
Press the return key.
Creating Sequencers
F4 (Step 1)
F5 (Trans 1)
or F3 (Continue)
4.5.5.14
Exchanging
Contents of Steps
or Transitions at
the Zoom-in Level
With this function you can exchange the contents of two steps or
two transitions at the zoom-in level. Comments (segment titles,
segment and statement comments), monitoring and waiting times
( T M W ) and the step characteristics INITIALISELECTIVE (and
assignments in the MSZ) are also exchanged.
First, position the cursor on one of the two steps or transitions.
Then press F3 (EXCHANGE) and the step or transition is marked
(invisibly). After this, specify the second step (target step) or
second transition (target transition)
You can specify the target step or transition either directly using
the cursor or indirectly by typing in the target step or transition
number. You cannot exchange a step with a transition or
vice-versa.
Keystrokes
Creating Sequencers
4.5.5.15
Copying the
Contents of a Step
or Transition at
the Zoom-in Level
Keystrokes
Completing Editing
Condition
Creating Sequencers
Important
4.5.6
Zoom-in Level
4.5.6.1
Programming
StepsFransitions
Procedure
At the zoom-in level of a step or transition, statements can be
programmed in LAD, CSF and STL just as in STEP 5. This also
applies to statement comments, segment titles and segment
comments.
At the zoom-in level, you must switch over from the output mode
to the editing mode by pressing F6 (Edit).
If you press the enter key or F6, you return to the output mode.
Special considerations
The RLO valid at :BE may, if necessary, be updated by the
GRAPH 5 software (see above) and then used to enable a further
step. (Refer also to Section 4.3.8 "Further Restrictions".)
Note
You can only enter one segment comment per stepltransition
(first segment in the zoom-in). The commands BEC or BEU
must not be used in zoom-ins. When data blocks are opened,
the working DB, DB<GS:sequence> must be called again
before BE.
Creating Sequencers
4.5.6.2
Flag 233.0 in Steps
All the step flags used in the program are represented by flag
233.0 when output on the PG. The term "F 233.0" disguises real
flags, e.g. F 234.1, F 234.2 etc. This internal assignment is made
by GRAPH 5. The procedure is not visible to the user.
Flag 233.0 is used as a substitute for the enable signal of the
displayed step. It can be scanned at any point and as often as
required within the zoom-in of a step, however, it must not be
changed (assignment, setting, resetting).
Flag 233.0 can be used as an interface between step and MSZ
(refer to Section 4.5.6.5).
In an MSZ, however, the flag 233.0 is restricted as follows:
it can only be scanned once using Boolean operations (A,O),
otherwise no operations are permitted
- it cannot be used as a parameter for an FB (either as
input/output/throughput parameter).
-
This enable signal has the value 1when the corresponding step is
active in automatic operation.
A flag bit is assigned uniquely to each step.
The following diagram illustrates the various representations of
the flag F 233.0.
CSF:
F 233.0
?????????
:BE
Transitions
LADICSF at the
zoom-in level
Step enabling
conditions
Important
Flag 233.0 must not be programmed anywhere in transitions at
the zoom-in level. If it is required for the graphics, it will be
generated automatically.
Creating Sequencers
4.5.6.4
Segment Functions
Creating Sequencers
Note
If you delete the last segment of an MSZ , you also delete the
assignments.
For further information about editing blocks in LAD, CSF or STL
refer to the STEP 5 manual.
Creating Sequencers
4.5.6.5
Multistep
Zoom-Ins (MSZ)
Creatingldeleting an MSZ
Ready to start? You are in the editing mode at the overview
level.
Keystrokes
-'l
C : EXAMP@ST.S5D
SB 10
LEN =
S0
S1: ...
ID screen 2
F
inittime
Subseq
New MS2
Help
Del MS2 7
Return
Creating an MSZ
Keystrokes
Deleting an MSZ
Keystrokes
Creating Sequencers
Correcting an MSZ
Ready to start? Select the overview or stepltransition zoom-in
Keystrokes
Press F3 (Search)
v p e in the required step (e.g. SLA), press
the return key
The system displays the zoom-in of SLA.
- Make the corrections or change the
assignment with F4
- Press the enter key to save the changes
Note
The total number of steps and MSZs is restricted to 127, with a
maximum of 26 MSZs.
Application
example
Procedure
F 233.0
Interlocks
Creating Sequencers
Procedure
F 233.0
+4
Interlocks step 2
F 233.0
+4
Interlocks step 5
F 233.0
F 233.0
+4
same interlock
Qm. n
Procedure
+1
F 233.0
+4
F x.y
Qm.n
Creating Sequencers
Assignment editor
The following functions described for the assignment editor can
only be executed in the MSZ.
Editing steps
Keystrokes
Effect
The running of the sequencer is not effected.
Empty transition:
The following step is enabled without any conditions, i.e. the step
enabling condition is always satisfied.
Empty step:
Since no action takes place in this step, there is no output signal
for a program cycle.
Special features of an empty step:
An output is to remain set in several steps, implemented by
ORing auxiliary flags. If there is an empty step within this
sequence of steps, this output is reset during the empty step, i.e.
during a program cycle.
Creating Sequencers
4.5.7
Fast
Re-Translation of
Sequence Blocks
Creating Sequencers
4.5.9
Cross Reference
Lists with
GRAPH 5
You select the cross reference lists just as for STEP 5 blocks. The
information is divided according to steps and transitions. In the
TIMERS section of the cross reference list, the times of the steps
are shown as assignments in the previous transition.
Some of the information refers to the operation part, this can be
ignored. This includes the following:
-
4.5.1 0
Rewiring GRAPH 5
Blocks
Note
The following must not be rewired:
- flags from F 200.0 onwards and
- the working DBs and diagnosis DBs
4.5.1 1
Printing out a
Sequence Block
Call Structure
4.6
Call Structure
Example of an
FB 72/73 call
NAME
SBNR
AUS
A/H
TIPP
T+ 1
QIT
STO
: GPH: SIMl
:KF
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:Q
+l1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
1.0
0
ON
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.4
UN
timeout bit
(RLO=l)
(permanent signal 1 = automatic mode)
Creating Sequencers
4.7
4.7.1
Further Conditions
Important
You cannot call sub-sequences in selective steps!
4.7.2
Programming
4.7.2.1
Preparations in
the Main Sequence
In the step of the main sequence you must call (:JUFB 71) and
assign parameters to FB 71 for the sub-sequence, as follows:
1. Enter the number of the sub-sequence.
r
t Number
-- SBNR
m.
-Fxy
STRT
E X . ~ the
= flag which transfers the value of F 233.0 to the called
sequence block.
The mode for the FB is adopted internally from the main
sequence; explicit parameter assignment is not necessary.
Creating Sequencers
"sub-sequence
Call"
Main seauence
Sub-sequence
4.7.2.3
Generating the
Corresponding DB
4.7.3
Loading in the PLC
Once you have completed the work outlined in Section 4.7.2 you
can load the PLC with the generated blocks and the required
standard blocks (refer to Section 4.3.3 or 4.3.4).
Creating Sequencers
4.8
4.8.1
Transferring the
Program
4.8.2
GRAPH 5 Status
C : EXAMP@ST.SSD
SE 10
LEN =270
STATUS
TM :
5 4 :
TW :
. . .
ID screen
Search
Half scr
TM-TW
Zoom-in
Seg com
Save
Help
Edit
Enter
Cancel
Creating Sequencers
Example
- SIMULTAN
TRANSITION 411
-SENSOR
LEN = 270
POSITION REACHED
.m
STATUS BLOCK: SB 10
:BE
SEARCH
STATUS
C : EXAMP@ST.S5D
LEN = 270
STATUS
44
.
step 2 is active
TM : STOPPED
TM:KT10.2
TW :
TW:
ID screen
F
Search
TM-W
Cancel
If the step is active, the current timer values are displayed. Once
the monitoring time has elapsed, the message STOPPED is displayed.
Creating Sequencers
4.9
Creating Sequencers
4.9.1
Fast Versions
With these FBs you can run linear and alternative sequences
4.9.1. l
FB 72 /SB 2 for
Linear, Alternative
and Simultaneous
Sequences
GPH:SIMI
SBNR
AUS
STO
NH
TIPP
Tt1
QIT
FB 73lSB 3 for
Linear and
Alternative
Sequences
GPH:LINI
SBNR
AUS
STO
NH
TIPP
Tt1
QIT
Creating Sequencers
Parameters for
FB 72 and FB 73
1 SBNR
Para
type
Data
type
Meaning
Remarks
KF
1 AUS
Sequencer OFF
Effect:
STO deleted
Note:
If AUS = 1 no other mode can be selected
Evaluation as permanent signal
A/H = 1 AUTOMATIC active
Condition:
AUS = 0
Effect:
1-
Para
type
1 TIPP
Data
type
Meaning
Remarks
B1
Mode EXECUTE
single step with
condition
Condition:
N H = 0 and AUS=O
Effect:
Switch further in
EXECUTEisingle step
ACKNOWLEDGMEN
of a timeout
Effect in AUTOMATIC
Step enabling by
1. Transition satisfied
2. QIT = 1 (positive edge)
+ STO becomes = 0
Effect in EXECUTE
Step enabling by
1. Transition satisfied
2. QIT = 1 (positive edge)
+ STO becomes = 0
3. T + l = l (positive edge)
Effect in MANUAL
( N H = 0, TIPP = 0)
1. QIT = 1 (positive edge)
STO becomes = 0, regardless of the transitions
TIMEOUT
Creating Sequencers
Recommendation
4.9.1.3
FB 74, Additional
Functions for
FB 72/73
GPH:ZFKI
SBNR
TIP0
SANW
SLOE
S-NR
S-UE
SYN
1 SBNR
Para
type
Data
type
Meaning
Remarks
KF
Sequencer
Execute without
condition (single step)
ll B 1 ll
l
~~ ~~ ~~
~ ~ ~
l SANW
Step selection
B1
~l ~l ~l
l
1 Condition:
Effect:
Condition:
only effective in MANUAL (TIF'P
1 Effect:
= 0, TIP0 = 0)
+
SLOE
Delete step
B1
Condition:
only effective in MANUAL (TIPP = 0, SANW = 0)
Effect:
In the sequencer, the step selected in S-NR is
deleted with signal change at S-UE
Caution:
1 Step number
Note:
You can use the 4th digit of the word for the parameter
Permitted operands:
IW, QW, F W , in DBx: DW 240 to DW 255
S-UE
B1
SYN
B1
Synchronization
Effect:
nothing to do with
synchronization
Description of the
Modes of FB 72
and FB 73
Sequencer in OFF
Keystrokes
Effect
Note
Only the output commands programmed as an assignment
(=Q x.y) are disabled.
The latching output commands (S Q x.y) must be disabled by a
delete program.
Note
Creating Sequencers
Effect
Note
AUTOMATIC
Keystrokes
Effect
Note
Effect
Note
Further information
Programming example for:
EXECUTE without condition (FB 74 refer to example 9)
EXECUTE without command output (refer to example 8)
EXECUTE with indication of step enabling
(refer to example 10)
Sequencer is stopped.
Command output remains active and can be
influenced via D 33.0 (for assignments of all
steps = 0) or via D 33.1 (only assignments of
the steps with a timeout = 0).
Continuation only with acknowledgement (QIT).
Keystrokes
I.) in AUTOMATIC:
a) Clear timeout (transition satisfied)
b) Activate QIT
Effect
Keystrokes
11.) in EXECUTE:
a) Clear timeout (transition satisfied)
b) Activate QIT
c) Activate T+l
Effect
Creating Sequencers
4.9.1.5
Description of the
Modes of FB 74
1. SANW = 1, SLOE = 0:
step selection / activate step or
2. SANW = 0, SLOE = 1: deactivate step
Effect
General: actions = 0
The structure of the simultaneous sequence
cannot be checked by the system in the STEP
SELECTION mode, i.e.:
Note
Prior to SANW, the sequencer should be switched to OFF. This
means that all steps are deleted and no selective deleting is
required.
Step display
During the STEP SELECTION/DEACTIVATE STEP mode, the
step numbers of levels 2 - 8 are deleted in DW 21-27 of DB X and
no longer updated so that the steps influenced cannot be checked.
The last step number to be processed is simply stored in DW 20
of DB X at SANW and SLOE. DW 20 is then responsible for all
levels in this situation. DW 21 - 27 only contain the current status
for levels 2 - 8 again after enabling the steps in AUTO or
EXECUTE.
Note
Since the structure of the sequencer is not checked, illogical
setting or resetting of steps can lead to incorrect responses
when you switch over to AUTO or EXECUTE. You must take
full responsibility for safe and correct activation of the steps.
Creating Sequencers
SYNCHRONIZATION
Keystrokes
SYN = 1
in FB 72/73 AUTO (A/H = 1)
Effect
Condition
Note
Note
The synchronization parameter has nothing to do with process
synchronization as described in Chapter 5.
Possible Modes of
FB 72, FB 73 and
FB 74
Implemented with
Sequencer OFF (RESET)
FB 72/73
AUTOMATIC
FB 72/73
MANUAL
FB 72/73
1 FB 72/73
1 FB 72/73, FB 74
1 FB 72/73
1 TIMEOUT
ACmowLEDGEMENT of the timeout
1 Mode
Parameters 1)
FB 72173FB 74
1 AUS
0
AIH
TIPP TIP0
wiSYN~
SAN
1 Effect
~ ~
Actions
Remark
Sequencer stopped at step
0, other modes disabled
AUTOMATIC
EXECUTE with
condition
Subordinate
MODE/ SETTING
UP
EXECUTE without
condition
No special programming
necessary in transition, TW,
TM not effective.
Stev selection
1
Synchronization
Special programming in
transition. TW, TM not
effective.
Note
Other constellations cause mixed reactions.
UBET
STO
SANZ
SSTO
S+AK
ZUST
Output parameters
(SBNR)
(AUS, A/H, B-UE)
P-ST)
(KEN=))
(SSMB, T+1)
(MAKT)
(SANW, S-NR, S-UE)
(QIT, UQIT)
PIAG)
(ANZ+)
(UBET)
PTO)
(SANZ)
(SSTO)
(S+W
(ZUST)
Creating Sequencers
Parameters of FB 70
Name
Para
type
Data
type
Meaning
Remarks
SBNR
KF
Sequencer
1 AUS
Sequencer OFF
(Reset)
AUS active
Note:
With AUS = 1, no other mode can be selected
I
B1
Mode
AUTOMATIC1
MANUAL
Condition:
A/H = 1
AUTOMATIC selected
MANUAL active
Note:
The sequencer can be switched further owing to the
satisfied transitions
Switching over to manual immediately terminates the
automatic mode. Output commands are disabled.
;:
Meaning
Activate mode
AUTO and SSMB
Remarks
Effect:
The signal state = 1 at A/H or SSMB is adopted
N-ST
I/Q
B1
COLD RESTART on
PLC
Condition:
or
Effect:
As follows:
COLD RESTART
for
whole program
Condition:
N-ST = 1
Effect:
or
WARM RESTART
for sequencer
Caution:
The only permitted parameter is a flag bit <= F 199.7 or
F 206.0 to F 218.7.
This flag must not be used for other parameters, since it is
continuously set to 1 by FB 70.
The operand N-ST only needs to be programmed when the
warm restart function is required.
In this case the flag N-ST must be set in the start-up OB
of the PLC.
COLD RESTART
for remaining
vroeram
~
~~
~~
~
~
Name
Para
type
Data
type
Meaning
Remarks
KEND
B1
Condition:
KEND = 1:
Effect:
SSMB
Condition:
SSMB = 1 (A/H = 0, SANW = 0)
SSMB selected
Effect:
MAKT
Switch further in
SSMB
Command output of
step commands
Condition:
only effective in SSMB
Effect:
Para
type
Data
type
Meaning
Remarks
Step selection
Condition:
only effective when A/H = 0
Effect:
the sequencer is set to the step number selected with the
parameter S-NR with a signal edge at S-UE
S-NR
Note:
the first decade of the word for the parameter S-NR can be
used for the program external to the sequencer
permitted operators:
IW, QW, FW, DB X: DW 240-255
S-UE
Signal to activate
step selection
QIT
Acknowledge a
timeout
Unconditional
achowledgment of
a timeout
Effective when:
there is a timeout STO due to monitoring time
TMITM-MIN
Name
Para
type
Data
type
Meaning
Remarks
DIAG
B1
Test diagnosis
DIAG = 1:
with the test diagnosis, the basic conditions for running the
sequencer on the PLC are checked and errors indicated in
bits 12 - 15 in the ZUST operating status.
If an error is detected, the sequencer cannot be processed.
DIAG = 0:
To save cycle time, the functions above are disabled.
1 ANZ+
B1
UBET
B1
Subordinate mode
(= setting up)
General timeout
Note:
Step enabling only possible with QIT or UQIT.
SSTO
Timeout in step
Note:
Step enabling can only be forced with UQIT.
Para
type
Data
type
Meaning
Remarks
Step display
Step display
Creating Sequencers
Name
Para
type
Data
type
Meaning
ZUST
Remarks
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Caution:
permitted operand for ZUST only IW, QW, F W (< FW
200), DB X: DW 240 - 255
Remarks:
when: bits 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 are set the sequencer is not
processed. These checks are only made when DIAG = 1.
Recommendation
FB 71lSB 0 for
Sub-Sequences
GPH:UKET
-SBNR
STO
- HKET
SSTO
-STRT
SAN2
-S-NR
S+AK
-S-UE
UEND
UQIT
ZUST
ANZ+
DIAG
Output parameters
(SBNR)
PET)
(STRT)
(S-NR, S-UE)
PQIT)
WZ+)
PIAG)
(STO)
(SSTO)
(S+AK)
PEN")
(ZUST)
Creating Sequencers
Parameters of FB 71
Name
Para
type
Data
type
Meaning
Remarks
SBNR
KF
Sequencer
HKET
not used
STRT
B1
1 S-NR
Start of the
sub-sequence
1 S-UE
Unconditional
acknowledgment of a
timeout
DIAG
B1
Test diagnosis
Para
type
Data
type
Meaning
Remarks
STO
B1
General timeout
SSTO
B1
Timeout in step
SANZ
Step display
S+AK
B1
Step display
UEND
B1
Sub-sequence end
UEND = 1:
Sequence not yet started or
sequence processed to the end
UEND = 0:
Sequence has started in AUTO or MANUAL mode
Note:
The parameter must be scanned for status = 1 in the
transition of the main sequence following the step with
the sub-sequence call
(step enabling condition for the main sequence).
Name
Para
type
Data
type
Meaning
ZUST
Remarks
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
1 Caution:
permitted operand for ZUST only IW, QW, F W
(< FW 200), DB X: DW 240 - 255
Remarks:
when: bits 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 are set the sequencer is not
processed. These checks are only made when DIAG = 1.
FY 25
FW 24
P Bit 0
P Bit 1
P Bit 2
P Bit 3
P Bit 4
P Bit 5
'L Bit 6
P
i.e.: F 25.1 g
AUTO mode
or F 24.2 g
Step 0 is set
i
P Bit 10
P Bit 11
"it
12
"it
13
P Bit 14
P Bit 15
Creating Sequencers
Parameter S-NR
Wiring:
Connection for decade switch (3-digit). The decade switch must
provide its value in BCD code.
Parameter SANZ
Wiring:
Connection to 7-segment display; the value for this display is
supplied in BCD code.
Example: S-NR = IW 10
Example: SAN2 = QW 8
QB 8
QB 9
IB 10
IB 11
10.7.. . 10.4
10.3.. . 10.0
11.7.. . 11.4
11.3.. . 11.0
- - - -
FREE
HUNDREDS
TENS
4th decade
3rd decade
2nd decade
l
Ist decade
4th decade
The input of the 4th decade can be used freely for other programs.
Description of the
Modes of FB 70171
Keystrokes
Effect
Note
Output commands programmed as latching (SQxy, SFna...) are
not disabled when the sequencer is OFF.
Creating Sequencers
Effect
Keystrokes
Effect
Note
Response to timeouts as with FB 72/73.
Keystrokes
Effect
Creating Sequencers
MANUAL mode
The mode is switched from AUTO to MANUAL with the
parameter A/H. To use the MANUAL mode you must set the
parameter A/H = 0. In this mode you can then select the following:
Step control with condition
Step selection
Subordinate mode
(SSMB)
(SANW)
PET)
Keystrokes
Effect
Effect
Note
Creating Sequencers
Condition
Keystrokes
1.A/H = 0 (MANUAL)
2. SANW = 1 and SSMB = 0 (mutual interlock)
3. Activated with positive signal edge at
parameter S-UE (key function).
Effect
AUS=O,SANW=O,SSMB=O,A/H=O
Effect
Possible Modes
for the Sequencer
OFF (reset)
priority over AUTO
and MAN
*)
1
AUTOMATIC
MANUAL
STEP
CONTROL
NORMAL OP.
Automatic switching
according to transitions
Actions MAN
switched off
Waiting timeslmonitortime effective
Due to TMITM-MIN
elapsed
Sequencer stops
Actions AUTO
can be switched off
Actions MAN
switched off
TIMEOUT
STEP
SELECTION
Set a step
via S-NR
with enter key
S-UE
Actions AUTOIMAN
switched off
SUBORD.
OPERATION
Setup mode
effective, if SSMB,
AUTO, AUS and
SANW switched off
Actions AUTO
switched off
*)When switching over from AUTO to MANUAL and vice-versa, the current step
number and the current timeout are retained.
Creating Sequencers
4.9.2.5
Switching Over
Modes
SSMB
SANW
Keystrokes:
1. NH=O -> Act=O
-> S=const.
-> TW=
const.
2. SSMB=I
3. B-UE=1
-> Act active
when MAKT=I
AUTO
t>l
UBET
Keystrokes:
1. NH=O -> Act=O
-> S=const.
-> Tw=O
2. SANW=I
3. Set step with
S-UE=IJ
Keystrokes:
1. NH=O -> Act=O
-> S=const.
-> TW=
const.
2. SSMB=O
3. SANW=O
Keystrokes:
1. SSMB=O -> S=const.
-> Tw=O
2. SANW=I
3. Set step with
S-UE=IJ
Keystrokes:
1. SSMB=O -> S=const.
-> TW=
const.
2. SANW=O
c
0
W
.-
P
a,
a
a,
U
0
Keystrokes:
1. N H = I -> S=const.
-> TW=
SSMB
const.
2. B-UE=IJ
-> Act active
Keystrokes:
1. N H = I -> S=const.
2. B-UE=IJ
sANW
-> A C active
~
Keystrokes:
1. SANW=O -> S=const.
2. SSMB=I
3. B-UE=I
-> Act active
when MAKT=I
Keystrokes:
1. N H = I -> S=const.
UBET 2. B-UE=I
-> Act active
Keystrokes:
Keystrokes:
2. SSMB=I -> S=const. 1. SANW=I -> S=const.
3. B-UE=1
2. Set step with
S-UE=I
-> Act active
when MAKT=I
Keystrokes:
1. SANW=O -> S=const.
(2.SSMB=O)
1
1
Response of se uencer
resulting mode
l)
h'
AUS A/H KEND SSMB MAKT SANW AUS AUTO HAND UBET SSMB MAKT SANW
0
Keystrokes:
0
I. SSMB+B-UE~)
14)
AUTO preselected
AUTO preselected
Subordinate mode
Creating Sequencers
Creating Sequencers
Diagnosis
The signal states within a step and the next transition can be
monitored using the STATUS display on the PG.
Keystrokes
Cold Restart
Function
Selection switch
- selection switch = 0
A I 4.0
= F 2.0
BE
Only software
A F 1.0
R F 2.0 += cold restart active
BE
Parameter in FB 70
+=
Creating Sequencers
Restart for
sequencer
" 1 "
yes
"0"
no
RESET
for sequencer
1 no
Yes
Note
For the parameter N-ST, each sequencer must have its own
flag. This flag must not be used with any other parameter in
FB 70.
Permitted flag area:
F 0.0 - F 199.7
F 206.0 - F 218.7
F 2.0
F 1.0
F 218.7
- SBNR
-AUS
-AJH
- B-UE
- N-ST
- KEND
- SSMB
UBET
STO
SANZ
SSTO
StAK
ZUST
F 10.0
Q1.1
QW2
Q 1.2
F 218.7
FW 12
Creating Sequencers
Sequencer 2:
Not used:
N-ST, SANW, UQIT
FB 70
GPH:HKET
KF+103 -SBNR
-AUS
-N H
- B-UE
F 2.1 - N-ST
- KEND
- SSMB
-T+1
- MAKT
F 1.0 -SANW
- S-NR
- S-UE
- QIT
F 1.0 - UQIT
- DlAG
-ANZ+
F 2.1
F 1.0
UBET
STO
SANZ
SSTO
S+AK
ZUST
Note
It is possible to overlap the re-activation of TW and TM.
Reactivating the TM timer causes the sequencer timeout to be
cleared.
Exception: time still to run = 0 causes an immediate timeout.
Creating Sequencers
SBNR
AUS
A1H
TIPP
SANW
Pm
TWA
TUE
S-NR
S-UE
0
FM)
The parameters SBNR, AUS, AIH, TIPP, SANW, S-NR and S-UE
of FB 75 must be connected with the corresponding parameters of
the sequencer function blocks (FB 70-FB 74) Keep in mind the
special connection possibilities.
Name
Para
type
Data
type
Meaning
Remarks
SBNR
KF
Sequencer
Note:
The seauence block must be created with GRAPH 5
AUS
B1
I Mode OFF
B1
Mode
AUTOMATIC1
MANUAL
TIPP
Mode
EXECUTE
SANW
Mode
Condition:
SANW
(step selection)
Programmed times l
times still left to run
Effect:
When PIR = 1:
Programmed times can be reactivated
When PIR = 0:
Times still left to run can be activated
Creating Sequencers
Meaning
Remarks
Waiting times
Condition:
W =1
Effect:
Waiting times can be reactivated
B1
Monitoring times
Condition:
TM = 1:
Effect:
Monitoring times can be activated
1 S-NR
Step number
1 S-UE
B1
4.9.3.2
Description of the
Modes of FB 75
OFF mode
When the "OFF" mode is set, the block does not save and
reactivate timers.
The timer buffer is deleted.
A/H=l:
SANW mode
The parameters SANW and S-UE of FB 75 must be connected to
the same signals as with FB 70174.
Creating Sequencers
Note
This function may only be activated when the user sequence
block is programmed exclusively with l-word binary
commands.
Combination: FB 75 / FB 74 / FB 73 or FB 72
Deselect the current mode
Apply 1 signal to SANW
Specify S-NR (not 0 )
Activate S-UE in FB 74
+=
Search for timer values active
- Apply 0 signal to SANW
- Re-activation of the timers by
AJH=O += A J H = l
or
TIPP = 0 += TIPP=l
- Timers running
-
Note
With a combination of FB 75 and FB 70 the parameter B-UE
must be linked with the parameter A/H or TIPP.
You can influence the response of the command output using data
bits D 33.0 and D 33.1.
Standard assignment
DW 33 KM = 0000 0000 0000 0000
lI
Simultaneous/linear
sequencer
The step flags (assigned outputs) are switched if there is a
timeout, i.e. command output is active.
Creating Sequencers
4.9.3.4
Possible Block
Combinations
Note
Input parameters of FB 75 which are not used must be
assigned RLO = 0 or a scratchpad flag.
Programming
Examples for
Implementing
Modes
No. 1
CSF
F 5.0
AUTOM.
mode
activation
(positive edge)
AUTOM.
1 1.0
STL
No. 2
AUTOENAB
Interlock
AUTO
MANENAB
Interlock
MANUAL
Button
Motor ON
+q
PgO
;
Motor ON
No. 3
1 F 233.0
Q 5.2
1-
':BE (
7l
Step 812
1 F 233.0
14.1
1- l - [
l+
Step 912
1 F 199.7
[ l+
step 913
1 4.2
F 199.7
F 199.7
(W
Creating Sequencers
No. 4
No. 5
RESET KEY
.m
F11.2
-AUS
:A F1l.O
:R F 11.0
remaining program
No. 6
:A F 233.0
:= F 1.5
Transition does not need to
causes
be programmed
a break. since F 1.5
Tx+2
EB : : ?
SO
etc..
PB X
:O 15.0
:O F 1.5
:= F 2.0
RESET KEY
.m
FB 72/73
Creating Sequencers
EXECUTE with condition without actions
No. 7
-
Step X
F 233.0
U
general interlocks
Q1.0
:BE (
'
7
Creating Sequencers
EXECUTE with condition with indication of the
satisfied transition
No. 9
LEVEL 1
Transition 1
U
Step enabling conditions
1
1
F 233.0
( 1
Q1.0
W
1
:BE
F 233.0
( 1Q1.l
1
1
LEVEL 2
Transition n
Exception
U
Step enabling conditions
:BE
1-
Example
PB X with 2 simultaneous branches
:A F x.y
:R Q1.0
:R Q 1 . l
.m
FB 72/73
FB 72/73
Creating Sequencers
No. 10 SYNCHRONIZATION with FB 74
Note
Keystrokes
Example
12.7
4 SYN
12.7
1
( H
F 233.0
1
12.7
H
W
S-
:BE
Conditions for
synchronization
(user-specific)
NOTE
Since AUTO = 1, step output is active.
The actions must therefore be interlocked with
input "SYN" in the steps.
F 233.0
12.7
SYN
Effect
Q5.1
:BE
.m
No. 12 Starting a timer with FB 75 using the QIT signal and AUTO selection
KB
F
F
F
F
0
180 scratchpad flag word
5.0
5.0 flag with RLO = 0
5.1
5.1 flag with RLO = 1
F
F
F
F
F
4.5
6.0
6.1 pulse from QIT signal
4.5
6.0
F W
Creating Sequencers
A
AN
-
F
F
F
NAME:
SBNR
AUS
A/H
TIPP
SANW
PIR
TW
TM
S-NR
S-UE
: GPH:
: KF
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F W
:F
REAK
+l1
9.0
10.7
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.1
180
5.0
NAME
SBNR
AUS
: GPH:
: KF
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
SIMl
+l1
9.0
10.0
5.0
5.0
4.5
12.0
A/H
TIPP
T+l
QIT
STO
A
AN
A
-
F
F
F
F
F
4.5
6.0
6.1
4.5
6.0
QIT FB 70
pulse from QIT signal
F
I
F
F
F
10.0
1.1
10.1
10.0
10.1
NAME:
SBNR
AUS
A/H
TIPP
SANW
PIR
TW
TM
S-NR
S-UE
: GPH:
: KF
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F W
:F
REAK
+l1
9.0
10.7
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.1
180
5.0
NAME
SBNR
AUS
A/H
B-UE
N-ST
: GPH:
: KF
:F
:F
:I
:F
HKET
+l1
9.0
10.0
1.0
70.0
QIT
:F
4.5
A/H FB 70
B-UE FB 70
A/H FB 70
Important
With further applications, the connection should be
established as explained in this description. FB 75 must
be called unconditionally before FB 70 to FB 74.
Creating Sequencers
No. 13 Edge evaluation using the example of the STO output
auxiliary flag
pulse STO becoming active
( 1 PLC cycle)
auxiliary flag
pulse STO cleared
( 1 PLC cycle)
NAME
SBNR
TIP0
SANW
SLOE
S-NR
S-UE
SYN
NAME
SBNR
AUS
A/H
TIPP
T+1
QIT
STO
: JU
FB 75
: GPH: REAK
KF + l 0
10.0
10.1
10.2
10.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
12
11.7
identical to S-NR in FB 74
identical to S-UE in FB 74
: JU
FB 74
: GPH: ZFKl
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
KF + l 0
10.3
10.4
10.5
12
11.7
10.6
: JU
FB 73
: GPH: LINl
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
KF + l 0
10.0
10.1
10.2
11.0
11.4
10.7
Creating Sequencers
No. 1412
Example call FB 70 + FB 75
NAME
SBNR
AUS
m
TIPP
SANW
PIR
TW
TM
S-NR
S-UE
:A
:A
:S
:AN
:R
F
F
F
F
F
10.1
11.2
108.0
10.1
108.0
:A
:A
:S
: AN
:R
F
F
F
F
F
10.2
11.2
108.1
10.2
108.1
FB 75
REAK
KF + l 2
10.0
108.0
108.1
10.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
12
11.3
identical to SBNR in FB 70
identical to AUS in FB 70
note logic operation above
note logic operation above
identical to SANW in FB 70
identical to S-NR in FB 70
identical to S-UE in FB 70
NAME
SBNR
AUS
A/H
B-UE
N-ST
KEND
SSMB
T+1
MAKT
SANW
S-NR
S-UE
QIT
UQIT
DIAG
UBET
STO
SANZ
ANz+
SSTO
S+AK
ZUST
: JU
FB 70
: GPH: HKET
.F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
: FW
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:F
:FW
:F
:F
:F
: FW
KF + l 2
10.0
10.1
11.2
70.0
11.1
10.2
11.0
10.7
10.4
12
11.3
11.4
11.5
70.1
70.2
70.3
8
11.6
70.4
70.5
106
identical to SBNR in FB 75
identical to AUS in FB 75
note logic operation above
identical to SANW in FB 75
identical to S-NR in FB 75
identical to S-UE in FB 75
Creating Sequencers
Task
A
UI)
Die raised
'
'
I
n
rDie lowered
down
down,
M OI I ~lowered
I
Working cycle
C
The operation runs as follows:
When mold B and upper dye A are in their upper positions,
the material can be introduced.
- Once the material has been introduced, dye A is lowered,
compresses the powder in the mold and then returns to its
upper position.
- Mold B is lowered until it reaches its lower position, the
compressed pellet can now be removed.
- The mold then returns to its starting position and a new cycle
can begin.
Creating Sequencers
4.10.1
Planning
4.10.1 .l
Concept Phase
introduce material
material ready?
Steplaction:
7l-ansitionlcondition:
lower dye A
pressing completed?
Steplaction:
7l-ansitionlcondition:
raise dye A
dye A raised?
Steplaction:
7l-ansitionlcondition:
lower mold B
mold B lowered?
Steplaction:
7l-ansitionlcondition:
remove pellet
removal completed?
Steplaction:
7l-ansitionlcondition:
raise mold B
mold B raised?
l , I Material introduced
- - - - - - - -
T1
Material ready
Lower die
Pressing completed
T2
rn
+
T3
Raise die
Die raised
Lower mold
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mold lowered
T4
Removal completed
I
T6
Raise mold
Mold raised
Fig. 4.1 Sequence of steps and step enabling conditions for the "powder press"
Creating Sequencers
4.10.1.2
Planning on the
Programmer
Based on the created concept, you can now input the graphical
solution to the task as a step-transition structure in GRAPH 5 on
the PG.
- Call GRAPH 5 input:
call the input function with F1 (Input) and F2 (GRAPH 5)
- Fill in the sequence identification screen form, for example as
follows:
D:NONAMEST.S5D
S e q
e n t i a i
FB sei
DB 10
Process synchronization
: No
: SB 110
(1
LEN =
sequencer identification
SB 10
Timer base
1
1
c o n t r o i
Time base 2
T 10
Lib no
T 10
F 200.0
T 0 , C O
Select FB 4
Syncsei
Sync no
T 11
- F 255.7
Enter
Cancel
SB 10
Specified SB
DB 10
F 200.0
- F 255.7
TIMER BASE:
T10
Creating Sequencers
Inputting comments
After you have completed the overview, you can add comments to
the steps and transitions. Comments can be entered in both upper
and lower case characters.
S1
: MATERIAL INTRODUCED
T1
: MATERIAL READY ?
S2
: LOWER DIE A
T2
: PRESSING COMPLETED ?
S3
: RAISE DIE A
T3
: DIE A RAISED ?
S4
: LOWER MOLD
T4
: MOLD LOWERED?
S5
: REMOVE PELLET
T5
: PELLET REMOVED?
S6
: RAISE MOLD
T6
: MOLD RAISED ?
SO
: GRAPH5 END
Creating Sequencers
4.10.2
Programming
4.10.2.1
Preparing for
Programming
Q 3.0
Q 4.0
Q 5.0
Q 7.0
Q 6.0
Q 2.0
:
:
:
:
:
:
Lower die
Raise die
Lower mold
Raise mold
Remove pellet
LED "ready"
AIR o
b o b
-HYDRO/a+
-HYDRO/a-HYDRO/b-HYDRO/b+
-VALVEIF
-DISPLAYL
~I
OPERAND
SYMBOL
COMMENT
ENABLE
EMEROFFIN
SB lO/QIT
ENABIASl
ENABIBSl
MAN-1
LIMSWIal
ENABIAS2
ENABIBS2
MAN-2
LIMSWIaO
ENABL.03
1NT.M 03
MAN-3
LIMSWIbO
ENABIAS4
ENABIBS4
ENABICS4
MAN-4
ENABL.05
MAN-5
LIMSWIbl
ENABL.06
MAN-6
TIMISB 10
DISPLAYL
HYDROla+
HYDROlaHYDROlbVALVEIN
HYDROlb+
RLO=O
MANENAB
F 233.0
AUTOENAB
T 10
T 11
PB 10
SB 3
TW: I 1
TM: I 1
STARWlO
EXECSB3
SB 10
FB 73
DB 10
DB 255
PRESS
GPH:LINl
USRDBI03
DIAGNOS
Creating Sequencers
4.10.2.2
Programming on
the PG
MATERIAL INTRODUCED
STEP 111
- AUTOISEN
- ENABASI
- ENABIBSI
- MAN-EN fl
STEP 211
- AUTOISEN
- ENABlAS2
- ENABIBS2
- MAN-EN
- ENABIAS2
- ENABlBS2
- MAN-2
LOWER DIE A
y1
STEP 311
- AUTOISEN
- ENABL.03
- MAN-EN
DIE A RAISED
>l
STEP 411
LOWER MOLD
- AUTOISEN
- ENABlAS4
- ENABlBS4
- ENABlCS4
- MAN-EN
- ENABlAS4
- ENABlBS4
- ENABlCS4
- MAN-4
STEP 511
REMOVE PELLET
- AUTOISEN
- ENABL. 05
- MAN-EN
- ENABL. 05
- MAN-5
STEP 611
- MAN-EN
- ENABL.06
- MAN-6
MOLD RAISED
3
7
- HiDRO/b+
: BE
Creating Sequencers
TRANSITION 111
MATERIAL READY
TRANSITION 211
PRESSING COMPLETED
- LIMSWlal
AUTOISEN
:BE
TRANSITION 311
DIE RAISED
TRANSITION 411
MOLD LOWERED
AUTOISEN
:BE
- LIMSWlbO
TRANSITION 511
REMOVAL COMPLETED
-1
8.0
TRANSITION 611
AUTOISEN
:BE
MOLD RAISED
The current step flag F 233.0 has been assigned the symbolic
name -AUTO/SEN in this example.
Entering the
Waiting and
Monitoring Times
S 2 : LOWER DIEA
! S 2 : LOWER DIE A
ID screen
TM: KT 5.2
Search
Half scr
TM-W
Tw
Seg corn
Save
Help
Edit
Enter
Cancel
Zoom-in
S 4 LOWER MOLD
! S 5 : REMOVE PELLET
ID screen
Tw 3.2
TM:
Search
Half scr
TM-W
Zoom-in
Seg corn
Save
Help
Edit
Enter
Cancel
Creating Sequencers
4.10.3
Starting Up and
Testing
4.10.3.1
Transferring the
Program
Calling FB 73 in
the Program
Segment 1
Flag constantly 0
: STL
: A RLO=O
: R RLO=O
: XXX
Segment 2
FB 73
GPH:SIMl
KF+lO - SBNR
AUS
EMEROFFINENABLE
-A/H
RLO=O -TIPP
RLO=O -T+1
SB 10/QIT - QIT
STO
- STO/SBlO
Creating Sequencers
4.10.3.4
Testing the
Program
4.10.4
Printing Out the
Program
With the status function, you can test the status of the sequencer
at the overview and zoom-in levels.
If you print out the final program, you obtain the following:
Programming
StepIMSZ
4.10.5.1
Permanent
Processing
Consequence
If the same output is required in several steps, you cannot
program this with the assignment command (= Q x.y) in every
step.
Reason
The following not yet active step clears the output command
again. As an alternative, you can program an MSZ in this situation.
Creating Sequencers
4.10.5.2
Selective
Processing
Consequence
Assignments remain set when the sequencer switches further and
must therefore be reset with a separate delete program.
Multistep Zoom-In
(M=)
Consequence
Outputs which have to be activated several times or identical
logical operations in the steps can be programmed using the MSZ
and assigned to individual steps.
In a special situation, the step zoom-ins remain empty and the
actions with the logic operations are written exclusively in the
MSZ.
Creating Sequencers
Example 1
Multistep zoom-in
Q 7.1 active in steps 2, 3 and 5 with the same interlock
Example 2
Multistep zoom-in
Q 7.1 active in steps 2,3 and 5 with different interlocks
Step 211, assigned: S Q
S 2, S 3, S 5 mixed with S Q.
Process Synchronization
Process Synchronization
5.1
Introduction
If the process control program and the process status are no longer
consistent owing to a timeout or an intervention, both the program
and process must be synchronized before further operation is
possible. With automatic process synchronization, the step of a
linear sequencer can be activated which corresponds to the
process status. If there is an inconsistency, the step from which
operation can be resumed is determined. This is achieved using an
automatic status analysis of the process based on the input and
output states. The following takes place in the program:
for stepltransition pairs, synchronization conditions are
generated automatically (if necessary, these can be added to
manually)
- the process status is detected and
- synchronized to the step.
-
Synchronization
conditions
Principle
Synchronization
Introduction
5.1.l
Guide to the
Chapter
Section
Content
Structure of the chapter,
overview of process synchronization
positive and negative synchronization
conditions
multistep zoom-ins
generating synchronization conditions
automatically
5.2
Call strategy
5.3
Creating supplementary
conditions on the PG
Defaults
generating synchronization conditions
programming rules
displaying and supplementing
synchronization conditions
Integration in cyclic operation
synchronization in user
program
testing and starting up
l l
5.6
Activating process
synchronization
Functions
SB sync, SB 5 and DW
5.7
Example of process
synchronization page
5-31
Process Synchronization
5.1.2
Overview of
Process
Synchronization
Rules
Principle of
dynamic
synchronization
Positive condition
Synchronization
Negative condition
Principle of static
synchronization
Negative condition
(Transitions of Sx)
Synchronization
(Sx in group of poss.
Introduction
Status recognition
Input, output
signals
Process Synchronization
Selection algorithm
a) Determining the
number of steps
b) Reducing the
number of steps
Sub-sequences1
further main
sequences
Introduction
5.1.3
Synchronization
Conditions
Process Synchronization
5.1.4
Single Candidate
Multiple candidates
Avoiding multiple
candidates
Introduction
Positive
synchronization
conditions
Step
F 233.0
-FE
Action
F 233.1
This condition makes sure that the flag 233.1 used internally for
synchronization is set to 1when the action is active in the step
(value TRUE). If no supplementary positive synchronization
condition was programmed (Section 5 . 3 4 , the step is included in
the group of possible synchronization steps.
A positive condition could appear as follows:
0 action
= F233.1
(The OR before the action is necessary in case several actions are
triggered from within a step. This step is then a candidate for
being the active step when one of the actions is executed.) Instead
of " 0 action" any Boolean operation involving input and output
signals is also possible.
Process Synchronization
Negative
synchronization
condition
1
Transition
End condition
F 233.0
F 233.1
End condition
Introduction
5.1.5
Multistep Zoom-in
Programming
0 F233.0
= action
The positive synchronization condition for this action appears as
follows:
0 action
= F233.1
For correct status recognition, multistep actions must only appear
in the synchronization conditions of the MSZ. Othenvise, correct
creation of the synchronization conditions is not possible. The
synchronization conditions of the MSZ are assigned to the steps
of the MSZ and take their step assignment from it.
Process Synchronization
5.2
5.2.1
Call Strategy
Data exchange
Block calls
Generated by LAD 1CSF 1STL PG software (Ed~t0 8 1 PB)
Standard block
Generated by user using GRAPH 5 PG software (Ed~tSB)
Generated by GRAPH 5 PG software (DB-GEN)
Control main sequence
Supplementary modes
T~merhandl~ng
Execute block
Synchron~zat~on
run
Synchron~zat~on
block
User block (transltlons t actlons)
Work~ngDB (DB <G5 sequence>)
1
1
FB 70172173
FB 74
FB 75
SB 01213
SB 5
SB 100+x
SB X
DB X
Overview of the
Standard
Components
As can be seen from the call strategy, the following new blocks
are required for synchronization:
the synchronization block SB-sync generated along with the
user SB (one SB-sync per user SB)
SB 5 supplied as a standard block (once per CPU).
Saving
synchronization
conditions
Process Synchronization
5.3
5.3.1
Defaults
5.3.2
Selecting
Synchronization
Conditions for
Editing
Level
Keystrokes
output or input
mode
Zoom-in level
output mode
enter
F3 (Search)
I X zoom-in
n = step number
Softkeys at the
synchronization
level
F1 (Pos sync)
F2 (Pos add)
F3 (Neg sync)
F4 (Neg add)
F8 (Return)
Process Synchronization
5.3.3
Programming
Rules for
Automatic
Generation
End conditions in
the transitions
The end conditions of the actions are required for the negative
synchronization conditions. There are two reasons why an action
is not executed, firstly the action was completed correctly and
secondly the action was aborted owing to an error. The step in
which the action is controlled can, however, only be excluded as a
candidate for the active step when the action was correctly
completed.
For this reason, the end conditions are also relevant for status
recognition. End conditions are input signals and cannot
automatically be distinguished from other input signals, e.g.
enable signals. For this reason, for automatic generation of
synchronization conditions, all the input signals within a transition
are the end condition for the action programmed in the previous
step. Only logically combined input signals are accepted.
Multistep zoom-in
(M=)
Flag 233.1
Process Synchronization
5.3.4
Display of
Automatically
Generated
Synchronization
Conditions
Positive
synchronization
condition
LAD
1
Action
1-
F233.1
l
CSF
Action
--+m-
F 233.1
STL
: 0 Action
: = F 233.1
(h
Negative
synchronization
condition
LAD
1-1
End condition
CSF
End condition
-+m-
1
(k
F233.1
l
F 233.1
STL
: A end condition
: = F 233.1
Transition with
more than one
input
Process Synchronization
Displaying the
additional
information
Additional, positive
synchronization
condition
LAD
F233.1
1-1
1
( k
F 233.0
l
CSF
F233.1
F 233.0
STL
: A F 233. 1
: = F 233.0
Additional,
negative
synchronization
condition
Supplementing
Automatically
Generated
Synchronization
Conditions
Editing options
Process Synchronization
All entries in the LAD, CSF, STL editor are permitted but not all
are useful, for example using timers and counters within the
synchronization conditions, since these are internal signals which
do not provide any information whatsoever for status recognition.
Flags are also only useful in the form of interim flags, since flags
are only valid internally.
Additional
synchronization
conditions
Example
Material input,
additional positive
synchronization
condition
AN action 3
Material removal,
additional positive
synchronization
condition
AN action 3
Process Synchronization
5.4
Integration in the
cyclic program
5.5
5.5.1
Testing and
Starting Up
Process Synchronization
5.6
5.6.1
Functions
5.6.2
Support by the
Standard SB 5
5.6.3
DBeGB:sequence>
Activate synchronization.
Check synchronization for single candidate.
If single candidate, trigger activation of the step.
Check whether synchronization was successful.
Switch over to automatic after activating the step.
Activate the automatic mode with a signal change at B-UE.
This block is only loaded in the PLC and cannot be output on the
PG.
The standard SB 5 evaluates the control word DW 33 of
DB<GS:SEQUENCE> and adopts the required synchronization
conditions until the sequencer starts automatically. The required
information is made available by SB-sync.
synchronization
D 33.8
You must set and also reset this bit.
The bit is set: in SB 5 the signal change at D 33.8 is evaluated;
when a pulse is recognized, synchronization is triggered.
single
yes1 no
yes:
D 33.11 = 1
no :
D 33.11 = 0
This bit is set and reset by the SB.
Bit set: the synchronization produced a single candidate.
Bit not set: the synchronization was unable to produce a single
candidate, i.e. more than one step qualified for the
synchronization step, therefore no synchronization is possible.
Triggering D 33.8 completed.
3. Activating
synchronization
(with single step)
D 33.9
You must set and reset this bit.
The bit is set: the condition is that neither AUTOMATIC nor
EXECUTE mode are activated.
Signal change evaluation in SB 5.
The step determined is activated (only if single candidate), and
the sequencer can once again be switched to the automatic mode.
4. Display:
D 33.10
This bit is set and reset by the SB.
Bit set: a single step could be activated and the synchronization
completed successfully. Triggering D 33.9 completed.
step activation
successful
Process Synchronization
Stipulating the
synchronization
procedure
D 33.12
You must set and reset this bit. Depending on the application, you
can select between two synchronization procedures, whereby the
principle shown in the diagrams is applied to each step.
D 33.12 = 0 default: full range of functions of the generated
conditions.
Principle:
Positive condition
Synchronization
Negative condition
Negative condition
(Transitions of Sx)
Synchronization
(Sx in group of poss.
Example of
Handling the Data
Interface
1. Start synchronization
Process Synchronization
5.7
+
+
l
-m
Material ready?
Lower fast
T2
t
t
t T5
Removed?
Process Synchronization
5.7.1
Description of the
Operating
Sequence
5.7.2
Programming
Steps and
Transitions
Step 1: initial
position (introduce
material)
In the initial position, you fix a work piece in the clamp. The drill
is then lowered quickly until it almost meets the work piece (limit
switch bl).
Following this, it is lowered slowly and drills as far as the bottom
limit switch 02).
The drill then returns quickly to the upper limit switch (h). Once
this initial position has been reached again, the work piece can be
removed.
????????
Auto enable
Transition 1:
material ready?
Auto enable
Material
Material
= I 1.0
C79000-68576-C165-01
Step 2:
lower fast
Auto enable
Enablel
&
P
Man enable
Enable1
Man switchl
Enable1
Man enable
Man switch1
Lower-fast
Auto enable
Transition 2: limit
switch lower fast?
Limit-switch-b1
> =l
&
P
Lower-fast
= 12.1
= F 205.6
= 13.1
=Q1.1
= F 233.0
Limit-switch-bl= I 1.l
Auto enable
= F 233.0
Auto enable
Process Synchronization
Man enable
Enable 2
Man switch 2
Lower-slow
Enable 2
Man enable
Man switch 2
Lower-slow
Auto enable
Transition 3:
bottom limit
switch?
Limit-switch-b
= 12.2
= F 205.6
= 13.2
=Q1.2
= F 233.0
Limit-switch-be
Auto enable
1 1.2
= F 233.0
Auto enable
Man enable
Enable 3
Man switch 3
Raise-fast
= 12.3
= F 205.6
Enable 3
Man enable
Man switch 3
Raise-fast
Auto enable
Transition 4: limit
switch top?
Limit-switch-h
= 13.3
=Q1.3
= F 233.0
Limit-switch-h = 1 1.3
Auto enable
= F 233.0
Auto enable
Process Synchronization
Step 5: initial
position
(remove material)
????????
Auto enable
Transition 5:
removed?
Material
Material
= I 1.0
Auto enable
5.7.3
Synchronization
Conditions
Step 1:
Negative
synchronization
condition
Material
F 233.1
Process Synchronization
Step 2:
positive
synchronization
condition
Negative
synchronization
condition
Step 3:
positive
synchronization
condition
Negative
synchronization
condition
Step 4:
positive
synchronization
condition
Negative
synchronization
condition
Process Synchronization
Step 5:
Positive
synchronization
condition
Negative
synchronization
condition
Material
+Tkm
F 233.1
5.7.4
Evaluation of
Automatically
Generated
Synchronization
Conditions
Case 1,
step 2:
lower fast
Case 2,
step 3:
lower slow
Case 3,
step 4:
raise fast
Process Synchronization
Case 4,
step 1:
introduce material
Case 5,
step 5:
remove material
5.7.5
Restricting Multiple
Candidates using
Additional
Information
Positive
synchronization
condition
Negative
synchronization
condition
This step is not active when the material has been inserted
(automatically generated synchronization condition), one of the
actions
- lower-fast,
- lower-slow or
- raise-fast is being executed or
- the drill is not located at upper limit switch h.
Process Synchronization
Step 1
Positive
synchronization
condition
Additional
information for
positive
synchronization
condition
Lower-fast
Lower-slow
Raise-fast
Material
Limit-switch-h
Auto enable
Negative
synchronization
condition
Material
Additional
information for
negative
synchronization
condition
F 233.1
F233.1
Lower-fast
Lower-slow
Raise-fast
Limit-switch-h
Auto enable
Process Synchronization
Step 5
Additional
information for
positive
synchronization
condition
Lower-fast
' &
Lower-slow
Raise-fast
Material
Limit-switch-h
Negative
synchronization
condition
Auto enable
Material
Additional
information for
negative
synchronization
condition
+Tkm
F 233.1
F 233.1
Lower-fast
Lower-slow
Raise-fast
Limit-switch-h
Auto enable
Evaluation of the
additional
synchronization
conditions
Re: case 4,
step 1:
introduce material
Re: case 5,
step 5:
remove material
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
6.1
Introduction
The software package GRAPH 5 diagnosis allows the diagnosis
and documentation of timeouts in sequential control systems.
The new feature of the diagnostic functions is the analysis of the
part of a sequencer with a timeout (stepltransition) on the PLC
and the output of messages on the PG or printer.
Interaction
between hardware
and software
Process
user program
GRAPH 5: FB 70-75, DB
Timeout message
Introduction
6.1.l
Difference
between GRAPH 5
Diagnosis, Stage V
and VI
Stage V
Stage V1
New features
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
6.1.2
Guide to the
Chapter
Section
Content
Introduction
Understanding the
diagnostic program
PLC
Preparing the
diagnostic program
PG
Transferring and
testing the diag, prog.
PG-PLC
Using diagnosis
PG
Example of
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
Detailed description
of the FB
Introduction
6.1.3
Overview of
Diagnosis
Functions
Blocks
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
Software packages
Diagnostic data
The diagnostic data are saved in a data buffer on the PLC (max.
4000 words long) to allow them to be called by the PG.
Criteria analysis
Introduction
6.1.4
Single Diagnosis
PLC
-
CPU
Process
V)
Timeout
06 PE, SE, FB
GRAPH 5 with
Diagnosis
Data blocks
Message
- p G q
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
6.1.5
Group Diagnosis
PLC
LW
I
zV)
Process
PLC
Timeout
Introduction
6.1.6
Hardware and
Software
Configuration
Expansions:
G5-Diag package >= V6.0
with mode selection
group and single diagnosis
and criteria analysis
PLC
SlNEC H1
SlNEC L2
AS 511
Expansions:
Standard blocks
Diagnostic DB
Data buffer DB
Parameter data DB
FB 67 to 69
DB<GS:DIAG> (generated with DB-GEN)
DB<DIAG> (gen. temporarily by FB 69)
DB<GS:PARA> (edited by user)
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
Software
configuration
1 GRAPH 5 diagnosis
1 Standard blocks FB 67-FB 69
1
1
DB<GS:DIAG>,
DB<DIAG> (temporary)
DB<G5:PARA>
For sequential control, you require the standard blocks. From the
following combinations of standard blocks, select the optimum
combination for yourself (listing according to priority: minimum
cycle time and memory requirements):
1.
FB 73 and SB 3
Linear sequences
2.
FB 72 and SB 2
3.
FB 70 (71) and SB 0
6.2
6.2.1
Program
Execution on the
PLC
JU PE, caii
sequencer with
FE 70 to FE 75
JU PE, caii
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
with FE 69
Start-up OB
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
6.2.2
Blocks on the PLC
FB 69 Diagnosis
FB 67 Read data
FB 68 Write data
Diagnostic DB
Data buffer DB
Parameter data DB
This DB contains 20 DWs with parameter data. You must edit this
DB. The default assignments can be found in Section 6.3 and in
Section 7.3.
6.2.3
Structures on the
PLC
PG 7xx
DB <G5: DIAG>
Basic assignment by
PG function "DBGEN"
1 Buffer of a dynamic
DB <DIAG>
Data buffer for
messages according
to "FIFO" principle
(generated
automatically in start-up
FB 69, max. 4000
words long
l1 1
tT2
1 SB per sequencer
1 DB per sequencer
(from PG function DB-GEN)
The data for criteria analysis are edited in messages with a field
length of 30 DW (fixed).
II
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
6.2.4
Mode of Operation
on the PLC
Note
The GRAPH 5 sequencer also functions without the standard
software for GRAPH 5 diagnosis (FB 67 to FB 69, data
buffer DB and parameter data DB), since the interface is
implemented by DBs (see above).
6.3
6.3.1
Defaults
6.3.2
Editing the
Parameter Data DB
~ ~0 ~0
The block length is 20 DWs. For defaults, see also Section 7.3.
Range
Meaning
Meaning
ti:
1 free
max. number of
timeouts/cycle
1 KF 1to255
64
1 KY xxx.xxx
00
0 00 gm;;x.mber
2000
zi767
KF 1to 135
1 KF 1to 134
1 KF 30, fix
1 KF 1to 255
KHO
30
KF1t050
0
0
0 C H 0
11
KH 0
12
KH 0
3 C H 0
14
KH 0
15
KH 0
16
KH 0
0
0
internal data
internal data
1 internal data
17
KH 0
18
KH 0
1 internal data
1 internal data
19
KH 0
internal data
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
6.3.3
Integration in the
User Program
1. Calling FB 69 in OB 1 or PB.
FB 69 has only one form of operand for the parameter data DB
(P-).
FB 69 is called after the sequencer FB.
Example:
: JU FB (70 to 73)
then
: JU FB 69
Name : G5:DIAG
PARA :
DB 111
: BE
The reason for this is that the start-up section is constantly in the
test routine which means that changes in the sequencers or data of
the corresponding data blocks are immediately entered in
GRAPH 5 diagnosis.
2. Start-up section
Integration in the start-up OB 20 to 22 (depending on the specific
PLC).
C DB<GS:PARA> data block for parameter assignment on the PG
L KF<OB-Nr.>
TDW8
3. Cyclic section
Integration in the cyclic program execution (following the
sequencers):
Assignment of DB<GS:PARA> on the PG
- Call in OB 1 or PB X or FB X
-
JU FB 69
NAME: G5:DIAG
PARA: DB<GS:PARA>
Note
S5-135U CPU 9221928
If a start-up error @B<GS:DIAG> D162.3) is caused by
there being too little free RAM and if the error remains
despite compressing, DW 17 in DB<GS:PARA> must have
the value KH 0000 written to it once.
If a start-up error still occurs after compressing
@B<GS:DIAG> D 162.3), the RAM area is not large
enough.
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
6.4
6.4.1
Loading on the
PLC
6.4.2
Test and Start-up
6.5
6.5.1
User Interface,
Selectable
Functions on the
PC:
Obiect
Editor
PLC function
Diagnosis I
Manaaement
Generate XRF
EPROMs
Rewire >
Assignment lists >
Select drive
Bus paths
DB-GEN in the program file
DB-GEN in PLC
Chanae
GRAPH 5
SB list
Messages
Hel~
I
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
6.5.2
Basic Functions
for Diagnosis on
the PG
Management
Change
W/Omessage printer
with message printer
W/Omessage printer
with message printer
1
Configuration editor
SIMATICS~IPEGO~
dagnosis
P a h l l l b O NONAMCAP N I
Messages
Operating screen
form
Single diagnosis
Group diagnosis
Configuration editor
Operating screen
l l
,
Operating screen
l
2. F3 (Analysis)
3. Select step, MSZ, transition
4. Enter key or return
r
Criteria analysis
\ F1 (New par)
Operating screen
6.5.4
Group Diagnosis
Configuration editor
SlMATlC S5 / PEG02
Configuration editor
Pathname
1:
Pathname
2:
Pathname
3:
Pathname
4:
Select
Save
lnfo
6 - 22
Enter
8 Cancel
Logging in for
group diagnosis
Login
- group diagnosis
Configuration : Group
Path
F
1
Plant
PLC2
PLC6
3
4
PLC9
S5 / PEG02
SIMATIC
Config. file :
C:NONAMEKD.INI
Path file :
C:NONAMEAP.INI
Error request
Ackn.
C3
Connection not correct
C3
C3
PLC4
F
2
F
F
3 Select 4
F
5 Save
F
6
lnfo
F
7 Enter
F
8 Cancel
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
If no connection was established, GRAPH 5 returns to the basic
menu.
If the connections are established you change
to the "step sequence overview" screen form if you selected
SB list,
- to the "step sequence diagnosis" screen form if you selected
messages.
-
Softkeys
F3 Select
F5 Save
F6 Info
F7 Enter
F8 Cancel
Step Sequence
Overview
Step sequence
overview screen
form in input mode
(Step
Path:
sequence overview
Path name1 (mm. 19 C)
init value:
Mode:
SB:
AUTO
Number of timeouts: 1
Selected:
27
Date:
SB-comment-on-SB27
07.10.1993
Steps:
Transitions:
4
l
6:12
B
l
S3
Step comment
Path name
Pathnamel-(mm. 19 C)
Pathnamel-(mm.
Pathnamel-(mm.
Pathnamel-(mm.
Pathnamel-(mm.
Pathname2
IF
Time:
1 New par 2
19 C)
19 C)
19 C)
19 C)
Group timeout
SB COMMENT
MODE
S8
SB comment on SB 27
Comment-on-S832
AUTO
OFF
MAN
AUTO
AUTO
AUTO
MAN
MAN
27
32
57
62
99
12
SB-57-comment
SB-99
F
F
F
F
F
Status 3Analysis 4 Ist tmout 5 Poll mode6Cur tmoun
ST
F Help
8 Cancel
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
Information about
the screen form
the SB number,
- the mode and
- an ID indicating whether the SB has a timeout or not.
-
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
New par
Status
Analysis
1st tmout
Poll mode
Cur tmout
F8 Cancel
Selection box in
the screen form
Group timeout
message
Direct connection
Initial value,
refresh value
Criteria analysis
function
With the criteria analysis function, you can display error criteria
directly on the PG with symbol names and comments.
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
6.5.6
Step Sequence
Diagnosis
Step sequence
diagnosis screen
form in the input
mode
(Step
sequence diagnosis
Message window :
Current message: 1
Path:
init value:
Mode:
SB:
AUTO
Number of timeouts: 2
1 Selected:
Path:
Steps:
10122
Transitions:
11122
SB:
AUTO
Path:
Pathname2
07.10.1993
Steps:
Transitions:
SB:
Mode:
Number of timeouts: 1
Selected:
16:32
Time:
6:12
Time:
07:Ol
S1
init value:
Time:
SB-comment-for-SE-27
27
Date:
Number of timeouts: 1
Selected:
06.10.1993
Comment-for-S10
S10
init value:
SB-comment-with-maximum-40-characters
100
Date:
1 to 3 of 5
S17
1 New par 2
AUTO
55
Date:
07.10.1993
Steps:
17
Transitions:
17
Step comment-S17
F
F
F
F
F
Status 3 Analysis 4 Ist tmout 5 Poll mode6Cur tmout7
F Help
8 Cancel
Polling mode
Input mode
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F8
New par
Status
Analysis
1st tmout
Poll mode
Cur tmout
Cancel
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
Messages
Time information
The times indicated in the message are the PG times when the
timeout was recognized and entered in the message buffer on the
PG.
Number of
messages
Stepsltransitions
Selected
Criteria Analysis
Criteria analysis
for a step
Criteria analysis
Path
SiMATic S5lPEG02
Pathnamel
init value:
SB:
Mode:
Date:
Number of timeouts: 1
lI
S1
27
AUTO:
SB-comment-for-SE-27
07.10.1993
Steps:
Transitions:
Time:
6:12
initial step
Flag comment
Q4.1
Comment
No. of criteria: 3
11.0
Symbol coiumn
Comment coiumn
12.1
F1.l
Assignment not fuifiiied:
This-is-output-5.0
IF
1 New par 2
F
F
F
F
F
Status 3 Analysis 4 Ist tmout 5 Poll mode6Cur tmout7
F Help
8 Cancel
Criteria analysis
for an MS2
With an MSZ, the number of the MSZ and if it exists the MSZ
comment are displayed below the default window (timeout
information).
All the other information is the same as with the analysis of a step.
-/'
Criteria analysis
Path
SiMATiC S5lPEG02
Pathnamel
init value:
SB:
Mode:
S5
MSZ A
SB-comment-for-SE-27
Date:
07.10.1993
Steps:
Transitions:
Number of timeouts: 1
Selected
27
AUTO:
Time:
6:12
MSZ comment
ASSIGNMENT NOT FULFILLED
Auxiliary flag for Q6 . 1
F 100.0
No. of criteria : 3
12 . 0
Start
12 . 1
EMER OFF
Comment column
F1 . l
ASSIGNMENT NOT FULFILLED
Q5.0
This-is-output-5
.0
Comment for Q5 .0
F
F
F
F
F
F
1 New par 2 Status 3 Analysis 4 Ist tmout 5 Poll mode6Cur tmout7
F
Function keys in
the criteria
analysis screen
F1 New par
F2
F3
F4
F6
F8
Status
Analysis
1st tmout
Cur tmout
Cancel
F Help
8 Cancel
Program status
Display criteria analysis
Criteria analysis of the initial value
Criteria analysis of the current value
Return to the previous screen form
Criteria analysis
for a transition
(Criteria
Path
analysis
Pathnamel
init value:
SB:
Mode:
AUTO:
Number of timeouts: 1
Selected
T1
27
Date:
SB-comment-for-SE-27
07.10.1993
Steps:
Transitions:
Time:
6:12
First transition
No. of criteria: 4
11.0
Symbol column
Comment column
Motor l
12.1
F1.l
Q7.0
1 New par 2
F
F
F
F
F
Status 3 Analysis 4 Ist tmout 5 Poll mode6Cur tmout7
F Help
8 Cancel
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
6.5.8
Operating Screen
Form
Terms:
PG control,
HW control
DW 33, Bit 3 = 0
If bit 3 is wired in the hardware, it is not completely
protected from manipulation in the software.
Function keys
F3 Select
F7 Enter
F8 Cancel
Changing
parameters
Note
You yourself must be responsible for the interaction of the
selected parameters (some settings are only dependent on the
mode).
/
1
SB: 37
SYMBOL for SB 37
FBTYPE: F B I 0
PG op. field
PG control
10-
SB-NR
UBET
STO
ZUST
SSTO
StAK
SANZ
I:
F
2
F
3 Select
UBET
STO
ZUST
SSTO
StAK
SANZ
F
6
F
7
Enter
F Help
8 Cancel
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
PATH PATH1
SB: 37
FB TYPE: : FB 71
SYMBOL for SB 37
PG op. field
PG control
SBNR
HKET
STRT
S-NR
S-UE
UQIT
ANZt
DlAG
F
1
F
2
STO
SSTO
ZUST
StAK
UEND
SANZ
2 5 d SBNR
STO
oj
:j*
SSTO
ZUST
StAK
UEND
SANZ
S-NR
F
3 Select
F
4
F
5
ANZt
DIAG
F
6
F
7 Enter
F Help
8 Cancel
=HW
SB: 37
SIMATIC s 5 i PEGOP
FB TYPE: : F 6 7 2
SYMBOL for SB 37
op, screen
0
0
STO -
2 5 1 SBNR
AUS
0-
TlPP
0O-1
Ttl
UQIT
STO
'-p
Tt1
UQIT
F
2
0-
F
F
3 Select 4
F
5
F
6
F
7 Enter
F Help
8 Cancel
PG op. field
PG control
2 5 1 SBNR
SB: 37
FE TYPE: FE 74
SB: 25 SYMBOL
HW op, screen
PG op. field
PG control
2 5 4 SBNR
25
O1
SBNR
25
SBNR
SYN
STO - 1
SANW
SYN
F
2
F
F
3 Select 4
F
5
F
6
F
7 Enter
F Help
8 Cancel
6.6
6.6.1
Blocks on the PLC
Parameter DBs
Diagnostic DB and
working DB
diagnostic DB = DB<GS:DIAG>
working DB = DB<GS:SEQUENCE>
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
6.6.2
Programming
Start-up OBs
OB 21
:C DB 249 Data block for parameter assignment
:L KF +21 OB number
:T DW 8
OB 22
:C DB 249
:L KF +22
:T DW 8
6.6.3
Block Calls
6.6.4
OB 1
:AF
:R F
:JU
:JU
1.0
1.0
PB 10
PB 9
PB 9
:C DB 10
:L DR 33
:T EY 255
:A I 11.7
:= F 255.3
flag permanently 0
call sequencer with FB 70-75
call GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
:L FY 255
:T DR 33
call FB 69 GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
:JU FB 69
Name :G5:DIAG
PARA :DB 249 parameter data block
:BE
(See also Chapter 7, "Structure of the Data Blocks").
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
Segment 1
: A F 1.0
:R F 1.0 flag RLO permanently 0
.***
Segment 2
:JU FB 73 call FB 70
Name :GPH:HKET
SBNR :KFt10
AUS :I 4.1 AUS switch on HW op. screen
A/H :I 4.0 AIH switch on HW op. screen
TIPP :F 1.0 TIPP switch on HW op. screen
T t 1 :F 1.0 T t 1 button on HW op. screen
QIT :I 4.2 QIT button on HW op. screen
STO :A 1.5 STO display on HW op. screen
:BE
(see also Chapter 4 Detailed Description of the FB)
FB 73 must be transferred the number of the SB to be called
(SB 10). The standard parameters of the function block FB 73
must also be supplied.
In, for example, the step sequence overview of GRAPH 5
diagnosis, you can now observe the SBs on the monitored PLC
and locate the cause of a timeout using criteria analysis or
program status.
6.7
6.7.1
FB 69 Start-up,
Operation and
Monitoring
FB 69 start-up
section
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
Start-up for
DB<GB:DIAG>
DW63
*:
DW7
DW79
Start-up for
DB<DIAG>
Tip
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
FB 69 operation
and monitoring
section
The operating
section
Running sequencers
You can select a sequencer via DB<GS:DIAG> DW 20.
You can control the modes using DW 21 to DW 23 (assuming
that DB<GS:SEQUENCE>:DW 33.3=1).
Messages from the sequencer are stored in DW 25 to DW 27.
Enabling in DB<GS:SEQUENCE>:DW 33.3=1 does not cause the
active mode to change.
Program on the
diagnostic unit
I
after timen t
after timen t
Logon
Read from DW 1 + 2
no
Semaphore
' occupied
Since DW 1 and DW 2 = 0,
the semaphore is free
Random number
1 word 0
Random number--
DW 1
I.
I
Read DW 1 and DW 2
after nt
by requester!
Device ID -- DW 4
DB <DIAG>
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
Principle of
semaphore
evaluation
Logoff
DWI -4=0
Logon active
DW1 - D W 2
Logon remains
DW1
DW2-
Start monitoring
clear sign of life flag
DW
Logoff (DW 1 4 = 0)
DBcDIAG>
The monitoring
section
DBGEN
: No status evaluation
STOE
REFRESH
QUIT
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
The individual statuses of the signal scan are formed and written
into a message with the ID "statuses read".
The sequence of messages are structured on the PLC when
necessary by FB<GS:DIAG> based on the type of field. The IDs
and further message structure are illustrated in the following
schematic.
ID and further
message structure
Step progr.hmed
First/
Firstt next
step bmpty
Status Sn
SIM: max. 8 S
step A p t y
ll
ll
MSZ programmed
First/
First+ next
Status MSZ A
First+ next
Status MS2 B
First+ next
Status MSZ J
Simultaneous
First+ nexi
+ End ID
Sequence of
messages
Priority
Statur T l
Alternative
First/
First+ next
Statys T1
First+ next
Status T8
First message
Possible ID from DBGEN /QUIT / Refresh / STOE
Combination with refresh
Next:
Next message,
with statuses, always follows with the 2nd until the last message for the other IDs
End:
End ID
with statuses, always follows in the last message for the other iDs
Number of messages
minimum
normal
(generally)
1StIT
maximum
8 s t n MSZt m T
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
6.7.2
FB 68, Write Data
Note
This block only needs to be loaded. You can only call it
when you wish to include your own entries in DB<DIAG>.
Note the following points.
Transfer parameters Before calling FB 68, the flag word must be supplied as input
parameters.
FW 230 KF
DB-NR.
FW 232 KF
DW-NR.
FW 234 KF
DB-NR.
Destination
DB<DIAG>
Important
6.7.3
FB 67, Read Data
Transfer parameters
DB-NR.
FW 232 KF
DW-NR.
FW 234 KF
DB-NR.
Source
DB<DIAG>
GRAPH 5 Diagnosis
1
Important
D 160.8
Read a message
D 160.9
1 D 160.10
Read message
7.1
KHOO
When generating the data blocks, all the GRAPH 5 blocks are
determined from the PLC or the program file.
In DL 7, the next GRAPH 5 block number if entered if it exists.
DW 8 and DW 9 contain IDs of the software releases used.
DW 8 contains an ID of the GRAPH 5 editor.
DW 9 is supplied by the standard FB with an ID of its release.
1
1
I
1
Next DB<GS:Seauence> KF
KH 00
1
1
1
1
Next step at level 1 at the time of the switchover for one cycle (KF)
...
...
17
Next step at level 8 at the time of the switchover for one cycle (KF)
19
Internal data!
20
...
...
27
28
Reserved
.O
AUS
.l
AUTO (A/H = 1)
.2
HAND (A/H = 0)
.3
SLOE
.4
SANW
.5
TIP0
.6
TIPP (SSMB)
.7
MAKT
.8
T+1
.9
KEND
.l0
B-UE
.l1
S-UE
.l2
QUIT
.l3
UQIT
.l4
ANZ+
.l5
29
AUS
AUTO
HAND
SLOE
SANW
TIP0
TIPP (SSMB)
SSMB +MAKT
DIAG
KEND
SO
standard FB incompatible with PG software
30
D31
31
.O
T+1
.l
.2
B-UE
.3
S-UE
.4
QUIT
.5
UQIT
.6
ANZ+
.7
steo 0 is set
Pulsesfor modes
DW 32 = 0004
DW 32 = 0303
DW 32 = 5303
DW32=5001
FB 73
FB 72 + FB 74
FB 72 + FB 74 + FB 75
FB70+FB75
FB identifier FB 70-73 (KH)
FB 70 = 1; FB 71 = 2
FB 72 = 3; FB 73 = 4
D33
33
.O
.l
.2
Activate TM-MIN
.3
.8
.9
.l0
.l1
.l2
D34
.O
AUS
.l
AUTO (A/H = 1)
.2
HAND (A/H = 0)
.3
SLOE
.4
SANW
.5
TIP0
.6
TIPP (SSMB)
.7
MAKT
.8
T+1
.9
KEND
.l0
B-UE
.l1
S-UE
.l2
QUIT
.l3
UQIT
.l4
ANZ
.l5
step SO active
...
DW 42
DW 43
DW 44
DW 45-49
DW 50
DW 51
DW 52
DW 53-57
+ 20
+ 22
+ 24
T 20
waiting time
TW level1
T 22
waiting time
TW level2
T 24
waiting time
TW level3
T 21
monitoring time
TM level1
T 23
monitoring time
TM level2
T 25
monitoring time
TM level3
+ 21
+ 23
+ 25
0
...
Important
58
...
...
65
66
Step flag S
7-S
Step flag S
15 - S
67
Step flag S
23 - S 16
Step flag S
31 - S 24
68
Step flag S
39 - S 32
Step flag S
47 - S 40
69
Step flag S
55 - S 48
Step flag S
63 - S 56
70
Step flag S
71 - S 64
Step flag S
79 - S 72
71
Step flag S
87 - S 80
Step flag S
95 - S 88
72
73
7'
Internal data!
78
Internal data
Internal data
...
...
;84
185
192
...
...
...
Internal data
229
230
231
238
239
...
240
.I5
...
Assignment of DB<GS:Sequence>
KHOO
KH 00
Next DB<GS:Sequence> KF
10
Next step at level 1 at the time of the switchover for one cycle (KF)
Assignment of DB<GS:Sequence>
1
1
1
33
34
35
1
1
1
...
1
1
1
Step flag S
7-S
67
Step flag S
23 - S 16
68
Step flag S
39 - S 32
69
Step flag S
55 - S 48
70
Step flag S
71 - S 64
71
Step flag S
87 - S 80
72
73
1
1
1
Step flag S
15 - S
Step flag S
31 - S 24
Step flag S
47 - S 40
Step flag S
63 - S 56
Step flag S
79 - S 72
step flag S
95 - S 88
1
1
1
Internal data!
78
Internal data
Assignment of DB<GS:Sequence>
DW
109
110
Internal data
...
129
130
...
160
161
168
169
176
177
184
...
...
...
...
...
...
~ !!~
185
192
193
Internal data
...
...
229
230
231
240
...
Left byte
DW
l
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SB
no.
1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9
1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9
SB
no.
31
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9
SB no.
47- 32
SB no.
63- 48
SB no.
79- 64
SB no.
95- 80
SB no.
111-96
SB no.
127- 112
10
SB no.
143- 128
11
SB no.
159- 144
12
SB no.
175- 160
13
SB no.
191- 176
14
SB no.
207- 192
15
SB no.
223- 208
16
SB no.
239- 224
SB no.
255- 240
30
29
28
27
26
25
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
KH 0000)
DW
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Left byte
Rieht byte
Reserved
Reserved
SB
no.
1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9
1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9
SB
no.
31
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9
SB no. 47- 32
SB no. 63- 48
SB no. 79- 64
SB no. 95- 80
SB no. 111-96
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
30
29
28
27
26
25
1
1
I
I
1
1
I
I
1
1
I
I
DW 21
DB<GS:Sequence> DW 34
1 DW 21 Mode seiection/acknowiedgment
TiPO
TiPP (SSMB)
MAKT
Ttl
1 DW 24 Reserved
Access by user: writelread
DW 25 to DW 27 are updated constantly for the selected
sequence (number in DW 20).
INKOMPATIBEL
DW 26
Reserved RM modes
DW 27
DW 28
Reserved
DW 29
STO
8,
DW 30
SB no.
15 - 0
DW 31
SB no.
31 - 16
DW 45
SB no.
255 - 240
DW 46
SB no.
15 - 0
DW 47
SB no.
31 - 16
DW 61
SB no.
255 - 240
DW 62
Reserved
l
1
DW 63
KF
DW 64
KF
DW 65
KY
DW 66
KF
DW 67
KF
DW 68
KF
DW 69
KF
DW 70
KF
DW 71
Reserved
~
~ ~
D,73
DW 74
Di79
These DWs are only used as a group buffer for the message to be
edited. With the transfer to DBeDIAG>, the entry is released for
the next message.
The last message edited is always in this data area DW 80 to 109.
Field length
Important:
The length depends on the maximum field
length in the DB<DIAG> (1 field length)
Reserved
Type of field
DW 83
DW 86
Field identifier
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
0: timeout message
1: achowledgment message
2: next field message
3: refresh message
4: DBGEN message
5: end identifier
KS G5 GRAPH 5
Hardware-ID:
KH 0000
Version field
Address
Access by user: Only read access: last message field for entry
in DB<DIAG>!
INKOMPATIBEL
W = Number of statuses in
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
DW94
1514131211108
....
Reserved for possible expansions
nw 119
DW 120 to 159 are used as a buffer for the messages read by the
G5-DIAG package.
DW 160 is responsible for the communication.
The last message read is alwavs located here.
(for PG diagnosis)
DW 150
...
DW 159
DW 160
PG
1
Last message
Triggered by PG:
Read next GRAPH 5 message
from DlAG !
Overflow DBcDIAG,
1
Completed message from PLC:
The next GRAPH 5 message from
DBDIAG triggered with bit 0
is entered!
1 DW 162
L s t a r t - u p DB<D~AG>
active
l
Other diagnostic
device exists
II
L;arl;p
1 1
1
L ~ t a r t - u complete
p
-start-up
incompatible
The other data bits are for internai status bits and must not
not be overwritten
DW 163 DW xxx occupied for internai data: FB<G5:DiAG>IFB<COPY>/
. . . FB<COPY:PG>i
DW 255
DB<G5:DiAG>
error
,Mode selection
not active
7.3
Assignment of DB<GS:PARA>
length z 25 words
DB<GS:DIAG>
Example
of an
assignment
DWO
free
Area
(vermitted)
DW 1
KF1...50
DW 2
KF1....255
KY xxx,xxx
KF 1...32767
DW 3
l
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Dw4
Dw5
DW 6
KF 1...134
DW 7
KF 30 fix
DW 8
KF 1...255
DW 9
KHO
DW 10
KHO
DW 11
KHO
DW 12
KHo
DW 1 3
KHO
DW 14
Internal data
KHO
DW 15
Internal data
KHo
DW 16
Internal data
KHO
DW 1 7
Internal data
KHO
Internal data
KHO
DW 18+
Dw19
FB 69 +=
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
data entered in start-up section
7.4
Note
The assignment of the diagnostic DB is only of interest in
the following situations:
Free
KHo
Semaphore
KHO
Assignment of DB<DIAG>
Data word
Assignment
DW 0
Free
Field
no.
Meaning
Example of
preassignment
61 FB 69
1
1
1
DW 2
Semaphore
DW 3
Sign-of-life
DW 4
Device ID
DW 5
DW 6
DW 7
KHO
1
1
1
1
D i 2 9
DW 30
Max. 30 entries
First entrv
K F 3 0
KF 900
KF 30
1
1
OVERFLOW (=KHFFFF,
otherwise KH0000)
KF30
KHO
29th entry
KF 900
Any
Reserved
Field 1
DW 59
DW 60
Field 2
DW 89
Last field
KHo
Notes on DB<DIAG>:
If the write pointer catches up with the read pointer (DW 8 =
DW 9), then OVERFLOW is indicated in DW 10. Following this,
only the last message field is overwritten by the new message
field, the write pointer does not move.
8.1
Fast Version
8.1.l
Possible causes
l SB not on PLC
l
1 User DB. diagnostic DB not in PLC RAM 1
SB not programmed in GRAPH 5
User DB not regenerated after correction or
not transferred to PLC
Step 0 not set after booting:
remedy: apply pulse to parameter AUS and
restart with AUTO
1 Dis~lav:check working DB
Modes cannot be implemented
1 Descriation of error
1 Error in modes of FB 74
1 Possible causes
Sporadic errors
8.1.2
Examples for
Estimating the
Processing Times
+=
PBX
+=
FB72
+=
SBx
OB 1
+=
PB X
+=
FB 73
+=
SB X
SB2
(simultaneous)
+= SB 3 (linear)
+=
When measuring the program execution times, the worst case was
selected in which all step enabling conditions are fulfilled and the
sequencers switch simultaneously in every cycle and to all
branches. Each step of a sequencer consisted of three binary
assignments and each transition of three binary scans.
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
+=
PBX
+=
FB 74PB 72
+=
SB X
+=
OB 1
+=
PB X
+=
FB 74PB 73
+=
SB X
+=
SB 2
(simultaneous)
SB 3 (linear)
When measuring the program execution times, the worst case was
selected in which all step enabling conditions are fulfilled and the
sequencers switch simultaneously in every cycle and to all
branches. Each step of a sequencer consisted of three binary
assignments and each transition of three binary scans.
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
8.2
Standard Version
8.2.1
The following table lists some of the possible errors which can
lead to incorrect processing of the sequencer.
1 Descriotion of error
1 Possible causes
1 Dis~lav:check working DB
Modes cannot be implemented
SB not on PLC
User DB, diagnostic DB not in PLC RAM
SB is not programmed in GRAPH 5
+ check the status bits in the ZUST word
Wrong standard block loaded
1 Descriation of error
1 Possible causes
Sporadic error
Examples for
Estimating the
Processing Times
+FB70+
S B x + SBO
When measuring the program execution times, the worst case was
selected in which all step enabling conditions are fulfilled and the
sequencers switch simultaneously in every cycle and to all
branches. Each step of a sequencer consisted of three binary
assignments and each transition of three binary scans.
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
simultaneous branches
1 Sequencer structure
1
1
1
Linear sequence
2 simultaneous branches
4 simultaneous branches
8 simultaneous branches
25
50
75
100
8.3
TIPP
STO is deleted
EXECUTE
T+1
as for FB 70
effective in AUTO and TIPP
as for FB 70
Waiting time
only in AUTO
STO
only in AUTO
QIT
in AUTO: as for FB 70
r
r
Monitoring time
Parameter1
function
1 DIAG
DIMOS 85
as for FB 70
l SANW
1 SLOE
not possible
1 Step indication
:;ordinate
mode
1 Timeout
UBET
SSTO
Simultaneous branches
active
from DW 20 to 27,
see program example no. 14
Status word
Synchronization
FB 74 parameter SYN
not possible
not possible
implemented by FB 71
1 ZUST
8.4
SS-100U
CPU 100
CPU 102
CPU 103
SS-11SU
CPU 941
CPU 942
CPU 943
CPU 944
CPU 945
SS-13SU
CPU 922
CPU 928
CPU 928B
SS-1SOU
CPU 9261927
SS-1SSU
CPU 9461947
CPU 948
8.5
Points to note
about SBS and FBS
see Chapter 6
see Chapter 5
Response to timeouts
see Chapter 6
Multistep zoom-in
see Chapter 4
see Chapter 7
see Chapter 7
Appendix
Appendix
9.1
Abbreviations
The following list contains the most common SIMATIC S5 abbreviations. It does not, however, include softkey labels since these
are explained in software help texts.
A
ABS
AS 511
B
B
BE
block
block end
C
C
COM
CORR
CPU
CSF
D
D
DB
DBDO.nnn
DC
DCX
DIR
DSP ABS
DSP SYM
DOCFILE
counter
comment key
correction key
central processing unit
control system flowchart, graphic representation
of an automation task complying with
DIN 40 700 / DIN 40 719
data (1 bit)
data block
documentation block for data block DB
comment block for data block DB
comment block for data block DX
directory of contents of hard disk,
diskette, PLC, EPROM and files
presets screen, display operands in absolute form
presets screen, display operands in absolute form
documentation file, e.g. for plant comments
Abbreviations
data word (16 bit)
documentation block for data block DX
extended data block
E
EPROM
EEPROM
F
F, FY
FW, FD
FB
FBDO.nnn
FC
FCX
FD
FlexOS
FV
FVX
FXDO.nnn
EX
G
GRAPH 5
I
ID screen
K
KOMI
command interpreter
L
LAD
LEN
LIB
Appendix
organization block
documentation block for organization block
comment block for organization block
extended peripheral word
extended peripheral byte
PG
PI1
PIQ
PLC
PW
PY
R
RAM
REW
program block
documentation block for program block
personal computer (in some screen forms
also PLC owing to lack of space) and
comment block for program block
programmer
process image of the inputs
process image of the outputs
programmable logic controller
peripheral word
peripheral byte
RLO
S
S
SAC
SB
SBDO.nnn
SC
SINEC H1
STA
Abbreviations
programming language for programming
SIMATIC S5 programmable logic controllers
statement list, STEP 5 method of representation as
STL
series of abbreviations of PLC commands
(complies with DIN 19239)
SYM
symbolic addressing, e.g. -INPUT
SYSID
block for system identification
SS-KOMI
S5 command interpreter
SS-DOSJMT S5 operating system (multitasking capability)
STEP 5
T
T
TM
TW
X
XRF
timer
monitoring time
waiting time
Appendix
Glossary
9.2
Glossary
Active step
Actual value
Configuration
editor
Criteria analysis
Data buffer DB
DB <DIAG>
Appendix
Diagnosis DB
DB <GB:DIAG>
Direct connection
With a direct connection via the AS 511 the path name DIRECT
CONNECTION is entered.
Initial value
Input mode
FB 67
Read data
FB 68
Write data
Glossary
FB 69
Diagnosis
Flag 233.1
Group diagnosis
Initial step
Login group
diagnosis
Message
Appendix
Message
group timeout
Monitoring time
(TM/TM-MIN)
The monitoring time (TM) is the time within which the step
enabling conditions for next step must become active and the
sequencer must switch on to the next step before the time has
elapsed. If this is not the case, a timeout message is output. The
monitoring time is evaluated automatically by the standard
function blocks for the modes.
Multiple candidates
Multistep zoom-in
(M=)
Network
Glossary
Operating screen
Overview level
Parameter data DB
DB <GB:PARA>
This DB contains 20 DWs with parameter data. You must edit this
DB. The defaults can be found in Section 6.3 "Preparing the
Diagnostic Program" and Section 7.3 "Assignment of the
GRAPH 5 Diagnostic Parameters".
Appendix
Permanent step
Note
Flag 233.0 is set by the previous transition. If the transition
is not fulfilled, then flag 233.0 = 0 and if the transition is
fulfilled, flag 233.0 = 1.
Polling mode
Presets
Screen form with the parameters for the current STEP 5 package.
With the function DB-GEN the maximum number that can be
assigned for the diagnosis DB id 254, since the number of the
data buffer DB (DB<DIAG)> = number of the diagnosis DB plus
1 @B<G5: DIAG>).
This DB number must therefore be kept free.
Principle of
process
synchronization
Glossary
Process
synchronization
If the process control program and the process status are no longer
consistent due to a timeout or an intervention, they must be
resynchronized with each other. Using automatic process
synchronization the step in a linear sequence corresponding to the
process status can switched active (Chapter 5 Process
synchronization).
Refresh value
SB<EXECUTE>
SB list
Segment
Selective step
The action part of a selective step is only processed when the step
is active. If the step is not active, the action part is skipped.
Appendix
Sequence block
Sequencer
A controller which runs through a sequence of steps, one step switching to the next step according to programmed conditions.
Sequencer
diagnosis
Single candidate
Single diagnosis
Glossary
Status recognition
Step
Sub-sequence
Appendix
Switching
transition
Symbols file
Synchronization
conditions
Transition
Glossary
Valid transition
Working DB
DB<GB:sequence>
Working DB for the sequence block with the same number. This is
generated when DB-GEN is executed, i.e. the number is generated
automatically.
Zoom-in level
Appendix
S5 File Types
9.3
S5 File Types
S5 files
Appendix
Further Reading
9.4
Further Reading
Siemens specialist publications
Berger, Hans
Automating with the SIMATIC S5-155U
Order no. A19100-L531-F177-X-7600
Berger, Hans
Automating with the SIMATIC S5-135U
Order no. A19100-L531-F50.5-X-7600
Berger, Hans
Automating with the SIMATIC S5-115U
Order no. A19100-L531-F153-X-7600
Siemens manuals
STEP 5 Manual
Order no. C79000-G8576-C140
GRAPH 5
Standard Function Blocks
S5-115U, S5-135U, S5-150U, S5-155U Programmable Controllers
Order no. C79000-G8563-C587
GRAPH 5-EDDI
Standard Function Blocks
S5-115U, S5-135U, S5-150U, S5-155U Programmable Controllers
Order no. C79000-G8574-C697
Appendix
FlexOS
Order no. 6EA9200-OAA10-OABO
PCPJM-86
Order no. 6ES5 998-2SA21
9.5
Index
A
Active step
9-7
Actual value
9-7 - 9-8
Additional functions
4-139
Additional synchronization condition
evaluation
5-47
Alternative branch
closing
4-47
opening
4-46
Alternative branch
2-16
Alternative sequence
4-37
Assignment editor
4-74
Assignment list
example powder press
4-172
B
Block
creating
not storing
storing
Branch
deleting
4-35
4-59 - 4-60
4-59 - 4-60
4-31
C
Call diagram
FB 70
4-3
FB 70171
4-6
FB 72
4-4
FB 73
4-5
Call strategy
process synchronization
5-13
Call structure
4-79
Comment
2-22, 4-27, 4-57 - 4-58
key
4-23
zoom-in level
4-27
Configuration editor
6-22, 9-7
Copying
4-58
direct
4-58
indirect
4-58
Correction
4-30
key
4-23
overview level
4-30
zoom-in level
4-30
Criteria analysis
6-27, 6-31 - 6-32, 9-7
multistep zoom-in
6-32
screen form
6-32
step
6-31
transition
6-33
Cursor
positioning
4-22
Cyclic program
process synchronization
5-24
D
Data block
generating
4-13, 4-76, 4-178
Data buffer DB
9-7
Data interface
process synchronization
5-29
DB DIAG
9-7
9-8
DB G5:DIAG
9-11
DB G5:PARA
5-26
DB G5:SEQUENCE
DB-GEN
4-13, 6-15, 9-12
Defaults
process synchronization
5-14
Delete
4-31
branch
4-31
jump
4-31
4-31
step
4-31
transition
4-31
Delete key
Diagnosis
2-12, 4-76, 6-5
Diagnosis DB
4-178, 9-8
9-12
number
Diagnostic program
6-18
Direct connection
6-27, 9-8
4-24
Display mode
Appendix
key
Documentation
Dynamic synchronization
4-22
2-11
5-4
E
Editing mode
4-21
Empty steps
4-75
Empty transitions
4-75
End condition
5-16
transition
5-16
Example
calling FB 72
4-79
powder press
2-9 - 2-10, 4-165
process synchronization
5-31
synchronization condition
5-37
Exchange
direct
4-57
indirect
4-57
zoom-in content
4-57
Expansions
4-11
F
Fast version
4-14, 4-37, 4-91
FB 67
6-12, 9-8
FB 68
6-12, 9-8
FB 69
6-12, 9-9
FB 69 diagnosis
9-9
FB 70
4-37
operating screen form
6-35
4-37
FB 70171
FB 71
4-37
FB 72
FB 73
FB 78
Field length
Flag 233.0
Flag 233.1
Flag area
Flip-flop
1.
G
GRAPH 5-EDDI
Group diagnosis
configuration editor
6-22, 9-7
ID screen
5-14
ID screen form
4-36
Inconsistency
5-2
Initial step
2-18, 4-8, 4-53, 9-9
Initial value
6-27, 9-8
Initial value message
6-27, 9-8
Input
aborting
4-59 - 4-60
completing
4-59, 4-67
terminating
4-60
Input mode
6-25, 9-8
Input signal
process synchronization
5-6, 9-16
Input status
5-2
installation
Interlock
J
Jump
deleting
direct
indirect
Jump commands
Jump to SO
K
Key
CORR
delete
double arrow keys rightlleft
half screen
zoom-in
zoom-in level
2-17, 4-48
4-31
4-48
4-48
4-48
4-48
4-23
4-24
4-25
4-24
4-26
4-23
L
Library number
Linear sequence
Logic control systems
Login
group diagnosis
M
Main sequence
4-7, 4-81
Manual operation
5-25
sequencer
Message
9-9
group timeout
6-27, 9-10
STOPPED
4-89
Minimum configuration
4-11
Mode
4-65
output
Modes
4-129 - 4-130, 4-147
Monitoring time
2-22, 4-57 - 4-58,
4-177, 9-10
displaying
4-89
4-177
entering
maximum
2-22, 4-9, 4-50, 9-15
minimum
2-22, 4-9, 4-50, 9-15
MSZ
4-68,4-184
correcting
4-71
creating
4-68
see multistep zoom-in
5-8, 9-10
Multiple candidates
avoiding
5-8
multistep zoom-in
5-17, 9-10
Multistep zoom-in
4-7, 9-10
criteria analysis
6-32
multiple candidates
5-17, 9-10
status recognition
5-11
synchronization
5-11
synchronization condition
5-17
N
Negative synchronization
5-10, 5-19, 5-37
condition
additional
5-20
Nesting
4-81
Network
9-10
Number of possible steps
determining
reducing
0
Operand comment
Operating
FB 72/FB 73
Operating screen
Operating screen form
FB 70
FB 71
FB 74
softkey
Operating section
Output mode
Output signal
process synchronization
Overview
structure
Overview level
completing input
programming
status display
terminating input
P
Parallel branch
Parameter data DB
Parameters
for FB 70
for FB 71
for FB 72
for FB 73
Appendix
for FB 74
4-97
for FB 75
4-141
Parameters for the FBs
4-16
Permanent step
4-8, 4-53, 9-12
Polling mode
6-26, 6-29, 9-12
Positive synchronization
condition
5-9, 5-18, 5-38, 5-43
additional
5-20
Powder press
example
2-9, 4-165
Presets
9-12
Printing a program
4-180
Printout
2-11
Procedure
process synchronization
5-5
Process control program
5-2, 9-13
Process status
5-5
inconsistency
5-2, 9-13
Process synchronization
call strategy
5-13
cyclic program
5-24
data interface
5-29
data word
5-26
defaults
5-14
DW 33
5-26
dynamic
5-4
end condition
5-16
example
5-31
flag 233.1
5-17, 9-9
input signal
5-6, 9-16
multiple candidates
9-10
output signal
5-5
principle
5-2, 9-12
procedure
5-5
restricting multiple candidates
5-43
rules
5-4
selection algorithm
5-6
sequencer
5-2, 9-13
single candidate
9-14
softkeys
static
status recognition
sub-sequence
transition, rules
Product information
Program
printing
transferring
Program structure
Programming the OB
Project planning
R
Re-translation
Re-translation list
deleting
generating
Refresh value
Rewiring
Rules
process synchronization
5-15
5-4
5-5, 9-15
5-6, 5-14, 9-15
5-4
1-2
4-180
4-87, 4-178
2-23
4-16
4-165
4-77
4-78
4-77
9-13
4-78
5-4
S
SO
4-49
S5 file
9-19
Saving
synchronization condition
5-13
4-178
SB 0
SB execute
2-23, 4-37, 9-13
SB list
9-13
SB-sync
5-26, 9-13
Screen form
configuration editor
6-22, 9-7
logging in for group diagnosis 6-23
operating screen with FB 70
6-35
operating screen with FB 71
6-36
operating screen with
6-37
FB 72/FB 73
operating screen with FB 74
6-38
step
6-28
Sequencer diagnosis
9-14
Sequential control system
2-2
Signal value
5-5
Simultaneous branch
2-15
closing
4-45
opening
4-44
Simultaneous sequence
4-37
Single candidate
5-8, 9-14
Single diagnosis
6-7, 9-14
Softkey
group diagnosis screen
6-24
operating screen form
6-34
step sequence diagnosis screen 6-29
step sequence overview screen 6-26
Software package
GRAPH 5
2-7
Standard function blocks
4-91, 4-178
Standard version
4-15, 4-37, 4-91
Starting up
4-87
example
4-165
Statement
deleting
4-31
Statement comment
4-25, 4-28
copying
4-58
exchanging
4-57
5-4
Static synchro%zation
Status analysis
inputloutput status
5-2
Status display
4-87
overview level
4-87 - 4-88
sequencer
4-87 - 4-88
zoom-in level
4-88
Status recognition
5-2, 5-5, 9-15
conditions
5-5, 9-15
process synchronization
5-5, 9-15
Step
2-7, 2-13, 9-15
active
9-7
adding
4-41
deleting
4-31
Appendix
inserting
4-42 - 4-43
programming
2-21, 4-61
search
4-55
Step enabling condition
2-3, 2-7, 2-13
transition
2-13
Step sequence diagnosis
6-28
Step sequence overview
6-25
Step-transition pair
4-41
Stepltransition
numbering
4-43
Structure
overview
2-26
Sub-sequence
4-7, 4-17, 4-81, 4-117
process synchronization5-6, 5-14, 9-15
Switching transition
9-16
Symbols file
9-16
example powder press
4-172
Sync no.
4-38
Sync sel
4-38
Synchronization
4-14
see process synchronization
search
5-14
see synchronization condition
Synchronization condition
5-7, 9-16
additional
5-21
additional negative
5-45
additional positive
5-44
automatic generation
9-16
editing options
5-21
evaluation
5-41, 5-47
example
5-37
flag 233.1
5-7, 5-17
generating automatically
5-6
multistep zoom-in
5-11, 5-17
negative
5-10, 5-19, 5-43
overview
positive
rules
saving
search
'l'
Target step
4-57 - 4-58
Target transition
4-57 - 4-58
Test
2-12
Testing
4-87
Time base
4-37
simultaneous branch
4-37
waiting and monitoring times
4-37
Time function
2-22, 9-15
Time value
2-22, 4-9, 4-50, 9-15
Timer
4-37
Timer function
4-50
Title
4-27
TM
2-22, 4-9, 4-50, 9-15
Transition
2-7, 2-13, 9-16
adding
4-41
criteria analysis
6-33
deleting
4-31
end condition
5-16
inserting
4-42 - 4-43
process synchronization, rules
5-4
programming
2-21, 4-61
search
4-55
switching
9-16
valid
9-17
Transition content
copying
4-58
exchanging
4-57
TW
2-22, 4-9, 4-50, 9-15
U
User DB
User interface
W
Waiting time
displaying
entering
Working DB
z
Zoom-in
4-26
multistep
4-68
Zoom-in content
copying
4-58
exchanging
4-57
Zoom-in function
key
4-23
Zoom-in key
4-23
Zoom-in level
2-8, 2-21, 4-28, 9-17
segment comment
4-29
statement comment
4-28
status display
4-88