Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ORjriqf=mirp
m~=kK=VNMJOPN_
PLOMLMQ
`= =OMMN=J=OMMQ==oLa=qI=fK=^==K
k=~===~~=~====~==~====~=~I=
==~~I==I=I===~=~=
~=~=~=I======m~~Jkaq qjI==
===~K=c=~I=~W=]m~~JkaqKK
l==~=====~==~~====
~I=~=~===~==K
m~~I=m~~JkaqI=~==m~~Jkaq==~=~~=
m~~=fK
m===r=p~==^~
t~~
Warranty
The Model 25MULTI PLUS Ultrasonic Gage has been designed and manufactured as a
precision instrument. Under normal working conditions it will provide long, troublefree service.
Damage in transit: Inspect the unit thoroughly immediately upon receipt for evidence
of external or internal damage that may have occurred during shipment. Notify the
carrier making the delivery immediately of any damage, since the carrier is normally
liable for damage in shipment. Preserve packing materials, waybills, and other shipping
documentation in order to establish damage claims. After notifying the carrier, contact
PanametricsJkaqqj so that we may assist in the damage claims, and provide
replacement equipment, if necessary.
PanametricsJkaq guarantees the Model 25MULTI PLUS to be free from defects in
materials and workmanship for a period of two years (twenty-four months) from date of
shipment. The warranty only covers equipment that has been used in a proper manner as
described in this instruction manual and has not been subjected to excessive abuse,
attempted unauthorized repair, or modification. DURING THIS WARRANTY
PERIOD, PanametricsJkaq LIABILITY IS STRICTLY LIMITED TO REPAIR OR
REPLACEMENT OF A DEFECTIVE UNIT AT ITS OPTION. PanametricsJkaq does
not warrant the Model 25MULTI PLUS to be suitable for intended use, and assumes no
responsibility for unsuitability for intended use. PanametricsJkaq accepts no liability
for consequential or incidental damages including damage to property and/or personal
injury.
This warranty does not include the transducer, transducer cable, charger, or battery. The
customer will pay shipping expense to the PanametricsJkaq plant for warranty repair;
PanametricsJkaq will pay for the return of the repaired equipment. (For instruments not
under warranty, the customer will pay shipping expenses both ways.)
PanametricsJkaq offers an optional third year warranty coverage (at an additional cost),
under the same terms, at the time of purchase.
PanametricsJkaq reserves the right to modify all products without incurring the
responsibility for modifying previously manufactured products. PanametricsJkaq does
not assume any liability for the results of particular installations, as these circumstances
are not within our control.
THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN LIEU
OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER STATUTORY, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED (INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND WARRANTIES ARISING FROM COURSE
OF DEALING OR USAGE OR TRADE.)
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
j=ORjriqf=mirp
q~==`
Table of Contents
Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1 Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 About this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Audience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 Typographic Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 Related Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6 If You have Documentation Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.7 Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.8 Technical Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
17
18
18
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
27
29
29
29
30
30
31
33
37
37
38
39
41
42
42
43
44
45
46
46
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
j=ORjriqf=mirp
3.7
3.8
47
48
48
49
49
50
50
51
57
57
61
61
61
63
65
66
68
72
73
73
73
74
74
74
75
79
80
81
84
86
88
89
89
91
91
91
92
92
93
94
94
q~==`
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
j=ORjriqf=mirp
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
8
157
158
159
160
160
161
161
162
162
162
163
165
166
167
168
169
q~==`
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
j=ORjriqf=mirp
NM
i==q~
List of Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8
Table 9
Table 10
Table 11
Table 12
Table 13
Table 14
Table 15
Table 16
Table 17
Table 18
Table 19
Typographic Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Keypad Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Calculating a Low/High Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Calculating a Percent Thickness Alarm Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Measurement Reset Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
DtectMode and EchWindow Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Computer or Printer Serial Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Model 25MULTI PLUS Output Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Information Displayed on the Model 25MULTI PLUS Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Setup Name and Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Setup Parameter Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Sound Velocities of Various Materials (Longitudinal Wave Velocity) . . . . . . . 191
Equipment Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Standard 36DL PLUS I/O Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Model 25DL PLUS Output Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Flag Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Accessories and Replacement Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
NO
i==c
List of Figures
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
Figure 25
Figure 26
Figure 27
Figure 28
Figure 29
Figure 30
Figure 31
Figure 32
Figure 33
Figure 34
Figure 35
Figure 36
Figure 37
Figure 38
Figure 39
Figure 40
Figure 41
Figure 42
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
21
28
32
35
35
38
39
39
48
48
49
49
51
51
52
52
54
54
55
56
58
59
62
62
64
65
67
68
69
69
70
72
75
76
77
77
78
79
80
80
82
82
NP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Figure 43
Figure 44
Figure 45
Figure 46
Figure 47
Figure 48
Figure 49
Figure 50
Figure 51
Figure 52
Figure 53
Figure 54
Figure 55
Figure 56
Figure 57
Figure 58
Figure 59
Figure 60
Figure 61
Figure 62
Figure 63
Figure 64
Figure 65
Figure 66
Figure 67
Figure 68
Figure 69
Figure 70
Figure 71
Figure 72
Figure 73
Figure 74
Figure 75
Figure 76
Figure 77
Figure 78
Figure 79
Figure 80
Figure 81
Figure 82
Figure 83
Figure 84
Figure 85
Figure 86
NQ
Detect Mode 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Detect Mode 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Detect Mode 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Pulser Power set to 30 Volts shows a smaller initial pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Pulser Power set to 110 Volts shows a larger initial pulse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Maximum Gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Initial Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
TDG Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Main Bang Blank position for Mode 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Main Bang Blank position for Mode 2 and 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Echo Window Setting for Mode 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Echo Window Setting for Mode 2 and 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Echo 1 Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Negative Detection Steel Back by Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Positive Detection Plastic Bonded to Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Mode 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Mode 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Gage Hanging up on Trailing Edge of Backwall 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
M3Blank Set Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Adjusting the Setup Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Detecting the Barrier Layer Material in Mode 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Detecting the Barrier Layer Material in Mode 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Displaying Recall Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Saving Recall Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Identifying Datalogger Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Creating a File Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Creating a Note. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Organization of Character Cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Selecting the Create Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Selecting a File Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Selecting an Incremental File Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Enter Incremental File Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Selecting a Sequential File Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Entering Sequential File Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Selecting a Sequential with Custom Point File Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Entering Sequential with Custom Point File Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
General Grid Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
One Grid for 75 Identical Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Different Named Grid for Each Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Selecting a 2D Grid File Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Entering 2D Grid File Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Selecting a 2-D Grid with Custom Points File Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Entering 2D Grid with Custom Points File Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Selecting a 3-D Grid with Custom Points File Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
i==c
Figure 87
Figure 88
Figure 89
Figure 90
Figure 91
Figure 92
Figure 93
Figure 94
Figure 95
Figure 96
Figure 97
Figure 98
Figure 99
Figure 100
Figure 101
Figure 102
Figure 103
Figure 104
Figure 105
Figure 106
Figure 107
Figure 108
Figure 109
Figure 110
Figure 111
Figure 112
Figure 113
Figure 114
Figure 115
Figure 116
Figure 117
Figure 118
Figure 119
Figure 120
Figure 121
Figure 122
Figure 123
Figure 124
Figure 125
Figure 126
Figure 127
Figure 128
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
131
133
134
135
136
137
137
138
138
139
140
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
146
147
149
151
152
153
153
154
155
155
156
156
158
158
159
164
164
166
167
167
168
168
169
174
NR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
NS
m~
Preface
The preface provides the following introductory topics:
1.1
Product Description
Audience
Typographic Conventions
Related Documentation
Revision History
Technical Help
Product Description
The Panametrics-NDTTM Model 25MULTI PLUS is a hand-held ultrasonic thickness gage
with an A-Scan display. This precision microprocessor-based instrument uses pulse-echo
techniques to measure material thickness when both sides of the test material are not easily
accessible. The gage can also measure sound velocity and pulse transit time in most solids
and liquids.
The Model 25MULTI PLUS is designed with one basic goal in mind simplicity of
operation. The gage uses three modes of operation plus an A-Scan display to allow the use
of contact, delay line and immersion transducers.
The gage also has a feature called Application Recall, which simplifies gaging by
allowing the use of both Stored Standard and Custom Stored Application Setups. In
general, one of the 25 Stored Setups is adequate for most applications. If, however, your
application requires a special setup, the 25MULTI PLUS offers 35 Custom Setup
locations. You can program custom setups or have Panametrics-NDT program the setups
for you.
The Model 25MULTI PLUS has an internal datalogger that can store over 18,000 fully
documented thickness measurements, or 1,750 thickness readings with waveforms. The
user identifies each measurement reading with an alphanumeric identification number up
to 16 alphanumeric characters in length. The identification number represents a physical
location, as determined by the user. The gage increments the identification numbers
automatically for each reading, or you can access any alphanumeric location randomly.
This incremental process allows for maximum flexibility and easy review of the stored
thickness readings for each location.
The Model 25MULTI PLUS also comes equipped with an RS-232 communications port.
This communication port allows the 25MULTI PLUS to interface with a computer or
printer to download thickness readings, or to remotely setup and calibrate the Model
25MULTI PLUS from a host computer.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Backlit display
Differential Mode
MIN/MAX Mode
Rugged case and sealed, color-coded keypad provides tactile and audible feedback
1.2
1.3
Audience
This document is intended for any operator using the Model 25MULTI PLUS.
Panametrics-NDTTM recommends that all operators have a thorough understanding of the
principles and limitations of ultrasonic testing. We assume no responsibility for incorrect
operational procedure or interpretation of test results. We recommend that any operator
seek adequate training prior to using this equipment. Panametrics-NDT offers a full range
of training courses including Level I and Level II Ultrasonic Testing, Advanced
NU
m~
Detection and Sizing, and Ultrasonic Thickness Gaging. For further information
regarding training courses, contact Panametrics-NDTTM.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
1.4
Typographic Conventions
The following notes and table provide a list of the typographic conventions that appear in
this document.
Warning:
Caution: This information indicates that loss of data or equipment damage can occur.
Note:
Tip:
Convention
Description
Courier Font
Heavy courier
Bold
Italics
Bold Italics
Table 1
OM
Typographic Conventions
m~
1.5
Related Documentation
The Model 25MULTI PLUS works with the optional WIN25DL PLUS Interface
Program. For more information about this software program, refer to the following
instruction manual:
1.6
In all your correspondence, please include the title of the document, its part number,
release date, and the specific section upon which you are commenting.
1.7
Revision History
This document may require updating because of corrections or changes to the product.
Publication dates, printed on the front cover, are updated when a change is made to this
document. In addition, the document number is also changed to reflect the revision.
The table below shows a list of all revisions for this document.
Date
Issue
Release version
November, 2001
910-231A
First release.
November, 2002
910-231B
Second release.
March, 2004
910-231B
Edit.
Table 2
1.8
Revision History
Technical Help
Call Panametrics-NDTTM and ask for a sales engineer to assist you.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
ON
j=ORjriqf=mirp
OO
a=_~=d~=l~
2.1
Using AA Batteries
Figure 1
The figure above shows the full keyboard layout. Refer to the following table that lists all
the keystroke functions available from the Model 25MULTI PLUS keyboard.
The table lists functions in two groups. The first group consists of single keystroke
functions and the second group consists of multiple keystroke functions. Unless otherwise
noted, keys shown boxed together are pressed sequentially.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
ON
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Key
Key Color
Function
Green
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Red
Blue
Blue
Table 3
OO
Keypad Definitions
a=_~=d~=l~
Key
Table 3
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
Key Color
Function
Blue
Orange
Orange
Gray
Green
Green
Green
Green
Brown
OP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Key
Key Color
Function
Brown
Tan
Tan
ID# (Identification
Number) - Allows access to
several functions related to
changing ID numbers.
Gray
Red
Gray
Orange
Gray
Yellow
Table 3
OQ
a=_~=d~=l~
Key
Key Color
Function
Gray
Yellow
Gray
Blue
Gray
Yellow
Gray
Yellow
Gray
Yellow
Table 3
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
OR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Key
Key Color
Function
Gray
Waveform - Stores a
measurement and waveform
in the datalogger at the current
ID#.
Orange
Gray
Tan
Gray
Tan
Gray
Tan
Gray
Yellow
Gray
Yellow
Table 3
OS
Clear Memory - An
alternative method to erase an
entire file. Also used to erase a
range of data in a file or a
single ID# location.
Hold/Blank Thickness
Display - Toggles between
holding and blanking the
thickness display during an
LOS condition.
a=_~=d~=l~
Key
Key Color
Function
Gray
Yellow
Gray
Yellow
Gray
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Table 3
2.2
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
OT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
ID Location
Download Flag
File Name
Date and Time
Stored Thickness
Comments/ID#
Freeze Flag
Measurement Marker
Zoom Flag
Delay
Rectification
Setup Adjustment
Q Bar
Min/Max
Range
Setup Value
Alarm
Units
Meas Mode/Update
Thickness
Available Keys Box
Battery Life
Help Text
Figure 2
General Information: The main function of the display is to show the echo waveform and
to display the thickness reading received by the transducer as measurements are made.
The received echoes are amplified before being shown on the display. The waveform trace
is called the A-Scan display. This type of waveform allows a skilled operator to verify that
the gage signal being used to make a thickness measurement is the correct backwall echo
and not a noise, material anomaly, or the second multiple echo. This verification
waveform along with all pertinent calibration information can be stored with the thickness
value in the internal datalogger. An experienced operator can also use the echo waveform
to learn more about the quality of the measurement than is given just by the thickness
value, which includes observation of indications that may be too small to be measured by
the gage.
Press the [FREEZE] key to freeze the display. Adjust the thickness range (horizontal
scale) or expand the measured echo by using the Zoom mode.
When operating in the Minimum or Maximum Measure mode, the waveform associated
with a minimum or maximum reading is internally captured and recalled to the screen
when the transducer is uncoupled. Furthermore, any waveform that is stored in the
datalogger memory can be shown on the waveform display for review or comparison to
the current measured waveform. Such recalled waveforms may have been recently saved
or may have been downloaded from a computer data file.
Thickness Display: The top portion of the display shows the current Filename, ID
number, Comments, and any previous stored thickness values.
OU
a=_~=d~=l~
The lower part of the display functions as a general purpose thickness measurement
display; as a control panel for calibrating and setting up the gage, in addition to displaying
status conditions, error messages and warnings. The large characters are used to show
numerical values such as thickness and velocity. This area also shows flags that describe
the numeric data and/or the gage operating modes, and the battery status.
2.3
2.4
2.5
The battery charge indicator shows a rotating bar when the when the charger
is plugged in; however, it cannot be used to indicate when full charge is
reached while charging. The gage displays a C indicating that the battery is
charging. The gage displays a S indicating that charging is complete.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
OV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
To charge the NiCad battery pack, plug the 36CA PLUS AC Charger Adapter into an
appropriate source of AC power, and plug the cable from the Charger/Adapter into the
charger socket on the top of the gage. The battery recharges whether the gage is OFF or
ON. Do not attempt to use the battery charge indicator to determine when batteries
have reached full charge. For a fully discharged battery, allow approximately 2 hours to
fully recharge. You can use the gage for normal measurements while the Charger/AC
Adapter is connected with little effect on the recharge time.
2.6
2.7
The internal memory is maintained for over an hour when the battery is
removed. If a new battery is installed in less than an hour, no calibration or
thickness data is lost.
Using AA Batteries
Non-rechargeable alkaline batteries are available for use with the Model 25MULTI
PLUS.
To replace the NiCad Rechargeable batteries with alkaline batteries, follow these steps:
1. Remove the NiCad pack.
2. Insert 6 AA Alkaline batteries into provided alkaline battery holder.
3. Connect the Alkaline battery holder to the gage using the same connector as the
NiCad.
4. Place the Alkaline holder into battery compartment.
5. Replace the battery panel and tighten screws.
PM
a=_~=d~=l~
Note:
2.8
It is also possible to charge the Nicad battery outside of the Model 25MULTI
PLUS using a special external battery charger adapter. Contact PanametricsNDT TM for more information on external battery charging.
V ( t t0 )
x = ---------------------2
where:
x = the thickness of the material
V = the velocity of sound in the material
t = the measured round-trip transit time of the pulse
t0 = the zero offset factor (to correct for transducer wearplate delay, cable delay, and
other fixed delays)
The Model 25MULTI PLUS can employ any of three measurement modes to calculate
pulse transit time.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
PN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Mode 1: Use with contact transducers. In this mode, measurement is made from the initial
excitation pulse to the first returning echo from the backwall of the test piece. The MTI
marker indicates the Measured Time Interval.
Mode 2: Use with delay line and immersion transducers. In this mode, measurement is
made between an interface echo marking the time the sound wave enters the test piece and
the first backwall echo. The MTI marker indicates the Measured Time Interval.
Mode 3: Use with delay line and immersion transducers. In this mode, measurement is
made between two successive backwall echoes that follow an interface echo. The MTI
Marker indicates the Measured Time Interval.
Battery
Power
Supply
ROM
RAM
LCD
AGC
Amplifier
Pulser
Detector
Keyboard
Transducer
Figure 3
PO
Charger
RS-232 Output
a=_~=d~=l~
The figure above is a block diagram of the Model 25MULTI PLUS. The pulser, under the
control of the microprocessor, provides a unidirectional broadband spike voltage impulse
to a heavily damped broadband ultrasonic transducer. The broadband ultrasonic pulse
generated by the transducer is coupled to the test piece by means of liquid couplant.
Echoes returning from the back or inside surface of the test piece are received by the
transducer and converted to electrical signals, which in turn are fed to the receiver AGC
amplifier. The microprocessor-based control and timing logic circuits both synchronize
the pulser and select the appropriate echo signals that will be used for the time interval
measurement.
If echoes are not detected during a given measurement period, the gage will shut down to
save power until a new measurement cycle is required. If echoes are detected, the timing
circuit will precisely measure an interval appropriate for the selected Measurement
mode, and then repeat this process a number of times to obtain a stable, averaged reading.
The microprocessor then uses this time interval measurement, along with sound velocity
and zero offset information stored in the Random Access Memory (RAM), to calculate
thickness. Finally, the thickness is shown on the LCD and updated at a selected rate.
2.9
Surface Roughness of the Test Piece: The best measurement accuracy is obtained
when both the front and back surfaces of the test piece are smooth. If the contact
surface is rough, the minimum thickness that can be measured will increase because of
sound reverberating in the increased thickness of the couplant layer. Additionally, if
either surface of the test piece is rough, the returning echo may be distorted due to the
multiplicity of slightly different sound paths seen by the transducer, and measurement
inaccuracies will result.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
Curvature of the Test Piece: A related issue involves the alignment of the transducer
with respect to the test piece. When measuring on curved surfaces, it is important to
PP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
place the transducer approximately on the centerline of the part and held as nearly
normal to the surface as possible. In some cases, a spring-loaded V-block holder is
helpful for maintaining this alignment. In general, as the radius of curvature
decreases, the size of the transducer is reduced, and the more critical transducer
alignment becomes. For very small radiuses, an immersion approach is necessary. In
some cases, it is useful to observe the waveform display via the PC Scope option as an
aid in maintaining optimum alignment. Practice with the aid of a waveform display
provides the operator a proper feel for the best way to hold the transducer.
On curved surfaces, it is important to use only enough couplant to obtain a reading.
Excess couplant forms a fillet between the transducer and the test surface where sound
reverberates and possibly creates spurious signals that can trigger false readings.
Taper or eccentricity: If the contact surface and back surface of the test piece are
tapered or eccentric with respect to each other, the return echo will be distorted due to
the variation in sound path across the width of the beam. Accuracy of measurement is
reduced. In severe cases, no measurement is possible.
Acoustic Properties of the Test Material: There are several conditions found in
certain engineering materials that can potentially limit the accuracy and range of
ultrasonic thickness measurements:
PQ
Sound Scattering: In materials such as cast stainless steel, cast iron, fiberglass,
and composites, sound energy will be scattered from individual crystallites in the
casting or boundaries of dissimilar materials within the fiberglass or composite.
Porosity in any material can have the same effect. Gage sensitivity must be
adjusted to prevent detection of these spurious scatter echoes. This compensation
can in turn limit the ability to discriminate a valid return echo from the back side
of the material, thereby restricting measurement range.
a=_~=d~=l~
Figure 4
Usual Case
Figure 5
Special Case
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
PR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
PS
p=r=p=j~=l~=~=`~~~
3.1
Getting Started
Getting Started
To setup the Model 25MULTI PLUS for the first time, use the test block included with the
gage and the default settings, and follow these steps:
1. Plug the transducer cable into the transducer connector at the top end of the Model
25MULTI PLUS case.
2. Connect the transducer to the other end of the cable if it is not already connected.
3. Press the [ON/OFF] key to power on the gage.
Ensure that the probe type shown in the message window matches the transducer
you have attached to the gage. This part number is engraved on the back or side of the
transducer. (See Performing a Quick Setup (Single Measurement Mode Only) on
page 41 if the probe type does not match the transducer type.)
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
PT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Approximately 2.5 seconds after the gage is powered on, the following screen opens:
Figure 6
4. The current units are indicated on the right of the thickness display. To change either
inches (IN) or millimeters (MM) to the alternate measurement unit, press the [2ND F]
key, then the [3] (IN/MM) key.
The gage is now ready to make measurements based on the default settings and the
included test block.
Note:
3.2
PU
For highest accuracy, you must perform both a velocity and zero calibration.
See Calibrating the Model 25MULTI PLUS (Standard MeasType) on page
42 for more information.
p=r=p=j~=l~=~=`~~~
3.3
Figure 7
3. Press [ ] and [ ] to scroll through the available stored setups until the correct setup
for the application is highlighted. Below is an example of a default setup naming
convention and a complete list of available stored setup choices:
D E F M 1 - 2 0 . 0 / M 1 1 6
Default
Mode:
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
Material:
M-Metal
P-Plastic
Figure 8
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
Probe Part
Number
Frequency
PV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
QM
p=r=p=j~=l~=~=`~~~
Note:
You can rename the setups listed as USER-1 through USER-35 for special
applications. See Using Custom Setups on page 89.
4. Press [MEAS] once the correct setup is highlighted. This action automatically recalls
the setup parameters for the chosen setup and brings you back to the Measure screen.
5. Begin taking measurements.
3.4
], [
3. Press [
] or [
4. Press [
] or [
] to select On or OFF.
USER-N refers to the Nth custom setup where N is the numeric key pressed.
2. Numeric keys may be used repeatedly in this way to quickly move between setups.
When preceded by the [2nd F] key, numeric keys always perform the indicated
second function, e.g. [2nd F], [5] selects MIN or MAX Measure mode even when
Quick Setup is activated. Quick Setup remains enabled until turned off by following
the procedure described in step 1 above.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
QN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
3.5
Note:
Caution: Save all changes made to Active Setups. Unsaved data will be lost when a
different application setup is recalled.
3.5.1
QO
p=r=p=j~=l~=~=`~~~
1. Power on the gage and wait for the Measure screen display.
2. Place a drop of couplant on the surface of the thicker material sample, and couple the
transducer to the sample using moderate to firm pressure. A thickness reading appears
on the display whilethe LOS prompt in the upper right corner of the display
disappears.
3. Press [CAL] when a stable reading is on the display and the LOS prompt is not on the
screen. Observe the CAL (calibration) prompt on the display.
4. Remain coupled to the standard test piece and ensure that there is still a stable reading
on the display. Press [VEL]. A prompt appears on the display: Enter value for thick
standard.
5. Remove the transducer from the sample. The thickness value remains on the display.
6. Using the numeric keys on the gage, enter the actual known thickness of the test
material.
Continue with the following steps:
1. Put a drop of couplant onto the thin material sample and couple the transducer to it
using moderate to firm pressure.
2. Press [CAL]. A thickness reading appears on the display.
3. Remain coupled to the test piece and ensure that there is a stable reading on the
display. Press [ZERO]. A prompt appears on the display: Enter value for this
sample.
4. Remove the transducer from the sample. The thickness value remains on the display.
5. Using the numeric keys, enter the actual known thickness of the test material.
6. Press [MEAS] to finalize the calibration.
Note:
3.5.2
You can Lock the calibrated readings to ensure that it is not accidentally
changed. (Refer to Section 4.1.8Calibration Lock.) From the Measure
mode, press [3] and [6] simultaneously. The gage displays a message: CAL
LOCK is on...
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
QP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
3. Press [CAL] when a stable reading is on the display and the LOS prompt is off. The
gage displays a message: Couple to standard; press VEL or ZERO.
4. Remain coupled to the test piece and ensure that there is still a stable reading on the
display. Press [VEL]. A prompt appears on the display: Enter value for thick
standard.
5. Remove the transducer from the sample. The thickness value remains on the display.
6. Use the numeric keys to enter the actual known thickness of the sample being
measured.
7. Press [MEAS] to finalize calibration.
Note:
You can LOCK the calibrated readings to ensure that it is not accidentally
changed. (See Managing the Calibration Lock on page 73.) From the
Measure mode, press [3] and [6] simultaneously. The gage displays a
message: CAL LOCK is on...
If the sound velocity of the test material is known, then enter the velocity directly.
To enter a known velocity, follow these steps:
1. Turn the gage on and wait for the Measure screen.
2. Press [VEL]. The Velocity prompt appears and the gage displays the current sound
velocity.
3. Use the numeric keys to enter the new velocity.
4. Press [MEAS].
3.5.3
p=r=p=j~=l~=~=`~~~
5. Remove the transducer from the sample. The thickness value remains on the display.
6. Use the numeric keys to enter the actual known thickness of the sample being
measured.
7. Press [MEAS] to finalize the calibration.
Note:
You can LOCK the calibrated readings to ensure that it is not accidentally
changed. (See Managing the Calibration Lock on page 73.) From the
Measure mode, press [3] and [6] simultaneously. The gage displays a
message: CAL LOCK is on...
If you know the zero offset number for a particular transducer, enter it directly. See
Velocity and Zero Calibration (Standard MeasType) on page 42 to determine the zero
number for a given transducer and calibrate the gage according to the procedure (See Zero
Calibration Only (Standard MeasType) on page 44 also.) Press [ZERO] to read the zero
offset number. Record this number for each probe for future reference.
Note:
You must use the same transducer cable lengths in order to maintain
accuracy of the zero offset number recorded for each probe. This rule is
especially true when using cable lengths over 10 ft. (approximately 3
Meters) in 0.0001" or 0.001mm resolution.
3.5.4
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
QR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
When you are satisfied with the setup you can save the Custom setup. See Saving Setup
Parameters on page 103 so that is can be recalled or used in a Multi-Measurement.
Note:
3.5.5
If you do not save the custom setup, it will be lost if another setup is recalled.
3.6
If you do not save the Custom setup it will be lost if another setup is recalled.
QS
English
Metric
0.10 in
2.0 mm
0.20 in
5.0 mm
0.30 in
8.0 mm
0.40 in
10.0 mm
0.50 in
15.0 mm
1.00 in
20.0 mm
2.00 in
50.0 mm
5.00 in
100.0 mm
p=r=p=j~=l~=~=`~~~
English
Metric
10.00 in
200.0 mm
20.00 in
508.0 mm
These selectable ranges let you adjust the thickness span of the waveform display to
encompass only the thickness range being measured and thus obtain maximum waveform
resolution for each application. The range setting affects the waveform display only. You
can still make measurements even when the display range does not encompass the
thickness being measured.
To change the range at any time the display is active, follow these steps:
1. Press [RANGE]. The waveform range changes to the next higher available range.
2. Continue to press [RANGE] until the desired range is obtained. The range value
recycles to the minimum range value following the maximum range value.
Tip:
3.7
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
] or [
QT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Figure 9
3.8
3.8.1
Zoom in Mode 1
Zoom in Mode 1 centers the first Backwall echo on the screen.
Figure 10
QU
p=r=p=j~=l~=~=`~~~
3.8.2
Zoom in Mode 2
Zoom in Mode 2 adjusts the Waveform Range and Delay so that the Interface Echo and
First Backwall echo are shown on the Waveform screen.
3.8.3
Figure 11
Note:
In the Zoom mode, the gage automatically adjusts the Range and Delay to
track the Interface and first Backwall echo. If you adjust the Range, the gage
remains at the selected Range and automatically adjusts the Delay to track
the Interface Echo.
Zoom in Mode 3
Zoom in Mode 3 adjusts the Waveform Range and Delay so that the Interface Echo and
Second Measured Backwall echoes are shown on the Waveform screen.
Not Zoomed
Figure 12
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
Zoomed
QV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Note:
3.9
In Zoom mode, the gage automatically adjusts the Range and Delay to track
the Interface and second Backwall echo. If you adjust the Range, the gage
remains at the selected Range and automatically adjusts the Delay to track
the Interface Echo.
Use the backlight only when needed because it drains the battery about three
times faster when activated.
The contrast of the display may require occasional readjustment. To adjust the waveform
display contrast, follow these steps:
1. Press [2nd F], [LIGHTBULB] (LCD ADJ)
2. Press [ ] to darken the display, or [ ] to lighten the display.
To stop adjusting the contrast, press [ENTER] or [MEAS]. This action disables the
[ ] and [ ] keys from adjusting the contrast.
3.10
RM
p=r=p=j~=l~=~=`~~~
Active measurement
flag
AMS 4 or
Summation
AMS 1
AMS 2
AMS 3
Active measurement
3.10.1
Figure 13
Figure 14
Multi-Measurement Description
The 25MULTI PLUS has three different Multi-Measurement modes; Normal, Soft
Contact and PCT Measurement. Use the Normal mode and the PCT mode for a variety
of multi-layer applications, while the Soft Contact mode is specifically designed for
measuring Sagittal Height, Radius of Curvature and Lens thickness in soft contact lens
applications.
Normal Mode: Measure and display up to four different thickness layers or three layers
and the sum of any selected layers. The thickness measurements are displayed in either
inches or millimeters and can be saved to the internal Dataloger for later review or
transferred to a PC.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
RN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Soft Contact Mode: Use only for measuring soft contact lenses. This mode can display
Sagittal Height and Lens thickness, plus calculate the Radius of curvature of soft contact
lenses.
PCT Thickness Mode: Use for measuring Barrier layer measurement applications,
allowing the thickness of any layer to be displayed as a percentage of the total thickness.
Both thickness Values and Percentage of Total values can be saved in the internal
datalogger and transferred to a computer.
3.10.1.1
All multi-layer measurement custom setups must use the same transducer
type.
Figure 15
Figure 16
RO
p=r=p=j~=l~=~=`~~~
] or [
] to select On.
] or [
] or [
] to select Normal.
] to select On or Off.
The Sum mode mathematically adds and displays the sum of up to three
individual thickness layers.
] or [
] to select Waveform or
Waveform displays the waveform with each active measuement and large font
displays all the thickness values in large font.
5. Press [ ] to select the Save Key option. Press [
increment Active.
] or [
Active: Saves only the active measurement (the Thickness that is displayed in large
characters) into the datalogger.
Auto-increment Active: Saves the Active reading into the datalogger and then
changes the active setup to the next Setup in the Multi-Measurement List. To save all
the thickness values of the individual thickness layers into the datalogger, select
Auto-increment Active.
6. Press [ ] to select the SETUP 1 option. Press [ ] or [ ] to select the Custom Setup
for the Measurement at AMS 1 setup Location. Selecting None shows no thickness at
the AMS1 location.
7. Press [ ] to select the SETUP 2 option. Press [ ] or [ ] to select the Custom Setup
for the Measurement at AMS 2 setup Location. Selecting None shows no thickness at
the AMS2 location.
8. Press [ ] to select the SETUP 3 option. Press [ ] or [ ] to select the Custom Setup
for the Measurement at AMS 3 setup Location. Selecting None shows no thickness at
the AMS3 location.
9. Press [ ] to select the SETUP 4 option. If Summation is not selected, press [ ] or
[ ] to select the Custom Setup for the Measurement at AMS 4 setup Location.
Selecting None shows no thickness at the AMS4 location.
If the Summation function is selected, then Setup 4 is replaced with Summation.
Press [ ] or [ ] and [ENTER] to select which thickness measurements to add
together and display at AMS 4.
10. Press [MEAS] to return to the measure mode with Multi-Measurement Active.
3.10.1.2
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
RP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
To set parameters for the Soft Contact mode, follow these steps:
1. Create and store Custom Setups for the Sagittal Height and Lens thickness
measurements.
2. Press [2nd F], [0], (SP Mode) and the SP Mode menu opens.
Figure 17
3. Press [ ] or [ ] to select the Multi-Measure option. Press [ENTER] and the MultiMeasure screen opens.
Figure 18
] or [
] or [
] or [
] to select On.
] to select Waveform or
Waveform displays the waveform with each active measuement and large font
displays all the thickness values in large font.
4. Press [ ] to select the Save Key option. Press [
increment Active.
] or [
Active: Saves only the active measurement (the Thickness that is display in large
characters) into the datalogger.
RQ
p=r=p=j~=l~=~=`~~~
Auto-increment Active: Saves the Active reading into the datalogger and then
changes the active setup to the next Setup in the Multi-Measurement List. To save all
the individual thickness layer thickness values into the datalogger select Autoincrement Active.
5. Press [ ]to select the SGTTL HT option. Press [
Setup for the Sagittal Height measurement.
] or [
] or [
7. Press [ ]to select the PDSTL DIA option. Use the Numeric keypad to enter the
diameter of the pedestal being used.
8. Press [MEAS] to return to the Measure mode with Multi-Measurement active.
3.10.1.3
All multi-layer measurement custom setups must use the same transducer
type.
Figure 19
3. Press [ ] or [ ] to select the Multi-Measure option. Press [ENTER] and the MultiMeasure screen opens.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
RR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Figure 20
] or [
] or [
] or [
] to select On.
] to select Waveform or
Waveform displays the waveform with each active measuement and large font
displays all the thickness values in large font.
4. Press [ ] to select the Save Key option. Press [
increment Active.
] or [
Active: Saves only the active measurement (the Thickness that is display in large
characters) into the datalogger.
Auto-increment Active: Saves the Active reading into the datalogger and then
changes the active setup to the next Setup in the Multi-Measurement List. To save all
the individual thickness layer thickness values into the datalogger select Autoincrement Active.
5. Press [ ]to select the SETUP 1 option. Press [ ] or [ ] to select the Custom Setup
to be used for the Measurement at AMS1 setup location. Selecting None shows no
thickness at the AMS1 location.
6. Press [ ]to select the SETUP 2 option. Press [ ] or [ ] to select the Custom Setup
to be used for the Measurement at AMS2 setup location. Selecting None shows no
thickness at the AMS2 location.
7. Press [ ]to select the SETUP 3 option. Press [ ] or [ ] to select the Custom Setup
to be used for the Measurement at AMS3 setup location. Selecting None shows no
thickness at the AMS3 location.
8. Press [ ]to select the Total option. Press [ ] or [ ] and [ENTER] to mark each
setup to add together to calculate the total thickness.
RS
p=r=p=j~=l~=~=`~~~
9. Press [ ]to select the Show Total option. Press [ ] or [ ] to select Yes or No.
Selecting Yes shows the calculated Total Thickness on the display while MultiMeasurement is active.
10. Press [ ]to select the Show As % option. Press [ ] or [ ] and [ENTER] to mark
each setup that is displayed as a Percentage of the total thickness.
11. Press [MEAS] to return to the Measure mode with Multi-Measurement active.
3.10.2
Active Measurement
When Multi-Measurement is Activated, you can choose which measurement is the Active
Measurement, such as:
Note:
3.10.3
The following functions are global functions and apply to the Active
Measurement:
Alarms
Differential reference value
Save key
Min and Max mode
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
RT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
AMS 1 is
the active
measurement
AMS 2 is
the active
measurement
Figure 21
When Mutli-Measurement is activated, you can select which Measurement is the active
measurement on the Large Font display screen by using the [ ] and [ ] arrow keys.
RU
p=r=p=j~=l~=~=`~~~
AMS 1 is
the active
measurement
ASM 2 is
the active
measurement
Figure 22
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
RV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
SM
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
4.1
Operating SP Modes
4.1.1
Normal Differential
Percent Ratio
Normal Differential: Shows the actual thickness along with the difference between the
actual thickness measurement and a user set reference value.
[(Normal Differential) = (Actual Thickness) (Differential Reference Value)]
The actual thickness appears on the thickness display and the differential thickness
appears in the differential display area. See the following figure:
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
SN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Active Thickness
Differential Value
Figure 23
Percent Ratio: Shows the actual thickness along with the percent difference from a user
set reference value.
[(Percent Ratio)] = [(Actual Thickness) - (Differential Reference Value)] /(Differential
Reference Value)]*(100)
The actual thickness appears on the thickness display and the Percent Ratio thickness
appears in the differential display area as shown below:
Actual Value
Percent Differential
Figure 24
When you press [SAVE] while in Normal Differential or Percent Ratio the actual
thickness is saved along with the D flag, which indicates that the Differential mode is
active. The reference differential value is also stored in the setup table.
The units and resolution of the Differential thickness are the same as those selected for the
thickness measurement.
You can use the Differential mode in conjunction with Min/Max mode but it cannot be
used in conjunction with the Alarm mode.
SO
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
Note:
To activate, view, set, change or select differential type, follow these steps:
1. Press [2nd F], [9] (DIFF) while in the Measure mode.
2. Press [ ], [ ], or [ENTER] to highlight a setting to be changed (Enable, Displayed,
or Ref Value.)
3. Press [
], [
4.1.2
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
SP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Measurement
Update Rate 4Hz
Figure 25
16Hz Averaging
8Hz
12Hz
20Hz Averaging
16Hz
For any barrier layer measurement mode or Multi Measurement mode using Barrier
Layer MeasType:
0.5 Hz
1 Hz Averaging
1 Hz
2 Hz
2 Hz Averaging
0.5 Hz Averaging
1 Hz
1 Hz Averaging
2 Hz
4 Hz Averaging
2 Hz Averaging
0.5 Hz Averaging
3. Press [MEAS] to return to the Measure mode using the new measure rate.
SQ
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
Note:
4.1.3
In multi-measurement mode the min feature will hold the min for the active
reading (the one on display in large numbers).
The current thickness is displayed in the main thickness display and the minimum is
displayed in the Min thickness area.
MIN Display
MIN Display
Active
Reading
Figure 26
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
Recalled MIN
During LOS
SR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Note:
In some situations, you can capture a false minimum reading when the
transducer is lifted from the test piece. This is possible when using excess
couplant, particularly on smooth surfaces, causing the gage to read the
thickness of a couplant drop as the transducer is lifted. To avoid this
problem, use the Freeze function in conjunction with the Minimum
Thickness mode to freeze the waveform prior to uncoupling the transducer.
Once the transducer is uncoupled and free of couplant, press [FREEZE]
again to unfreeze the display and recall the minimum thickness and
waveform.
To select a Min Measure mode from the Measure, Differential Measure, or Alarm
Measure mode, follow these steps:
1. Press [2ndF], [5] (MIN/MAX). The MIN thickness displays only when the gage is in
a Min Measure mode.
2. Press [MEAS] to reset the held minimum value so that the minimum for a new series
of measurements can be found.
The thickness display will blank indicating that the old minimum value is reset.
Saving or sending a minimum reading also resets the minimum value.
3. Press [2ndF], [5] (MIN/MAX) twice to exit from a Min Measure mode and return to
the Measure, Differential Measure, or Alarm Measure mode.
Note:
4.1.4
The [2nd F], [5] (MIN/MAX) cycles from Measure, to Min Measure, to Max
Measure, and back to Measure, etc.
In multi-measurement mode the min feature will hold min for the active
reading (the one displayed in large numbers).
The current thickness is displayed in the main thickness display and the maximum
thickness is displayed in the Max thickness area. The Maximum thickness replaces the
main thickness display when the transducer is uncoupled or a (LOS) Loss of Signal
occurs.
SS
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
MAX Display
Active
Thickness
MAX Display
Recalled
MAX
Figure 27
Note:
In some situations, you can capture a false minimum reading when the
transducer is lifted from the test piece. This is possible when using excess
couplant, particularly on smooth surfaces, causing the gage to read the
thickness of a couplant drop as the transducer is lifted. To avoid this
problem, use the Freeze function in conjunction with the Minimum
Thickness mode to freeze the waveform prior to uncoupling the transducer.
Once the transducer is uncoupled and free of couplant, press [FREEZE]
again to unfreeze the display and recall the minimum thickness and
waveform.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
The [2nd F], [5] (MIN/MAX) cycles from Measure, to Min Measure, to Max
Measure, and back to Measure, etc.
ST
j=ORjriqf=mirp
4.1.5
4.1.5.1
Low Alarm
Indicator
Figure 28
SU
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
High Alarm
Indicator
Figure 29
The alarm condition is recorded in the Datalogger second status box for all stored
measurements. An A indicates the Alarm mode, an L indicates a low alarm condition, and
an H indicates a high alarm condition. The [MEAS] key resets the alarm condition.
To activate, view, set, or change the High/Low Alarms, follow these steps:
1. Press [2nd F], [8] (ALARM) while in the Measure mode.
Figure 30
], [
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
SV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Note:
4.1.5.2
Figure 31
The Absolute Differential Alarm lets you set a Thickness Loss Alarm Value and a
Thickness Growth Alarm Value. These values are used to compare the current live
thickness value to the previously stored thickness value at each ID# location within a file.
If the current thickness value, when compared to the previous value, is outside the set
limits an alarm is indicated. If the thickness differential is greater than or equal to the
Thickness Loss Value a Low Alarm is indicated. If the thickness differential is greater
than the Thickness Growth Value a High Alarm is indicated.
Example:
Thickness Loss Value: 0.050"
Thickness Growth Value: 0.005"
TM
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
Previous
Values
Current
Thickness
Low
Alarm
High
Alarm
Calculations
0.300"
0.239"
Yes
No
0.300"
0.316"
No
Yes
0.300"
0.285"
No
No
0.300"
0.302"
No
No
Table 4
The Percent Differential Alarm lets you set a Percent Thickness Loss Alarm Value and a
Percent Thickness Growth Alarm Value. These values are used to compare the current
thickness value to the previous thickness value at each ID# location in a file. If the current
thickness value is outside the set percent limits, when compared to the previous thickness
value, an alarm is indicated. If the percent thickness differential is greater than or equal to
the Percent Loss Value a Low Alarm is indicated. If the percent thickness differential is
greater than the Percent Growth Value a High Alarm is indicated.
Example:
Percent Loss Value: 20%
Percent Growth Value: 5%
Previous
Values
Current
Thickness
Low
Alarm
High
Alarm
0.300"
0.239"
Yes
No
0.300 0.239
--------------------------------- 100 > 20%
0.300
0.300"
0.316"
No
Yes
0.300 0.239
--------------------------------- 100 > 5%
0.300
0.300"
0.285"
No
No
0.300"
0.302"
No
No
0.302 0.300
--------------------------------- 100 < 5%
0.300
Table 5
Calculations
To activate, view, or change the percent thickness value, follow these steps:
1. Press [2nd F], [8] (Alarm) while in the Measure mode.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
TN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Figure 32
4.1.6
TO
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
The resolution selection affects all displays and data output of values with thickness units.
This includes measured thickness, differential reference value, and alarm set points.
Note:
To change the resolution while in the Measure mode, press [2ndF], [2] (RESOL). The
new resolution is indicated by the position of the decimal point.
4.1.7
4.1.8
4.1.9
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
TP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
4.1.10
The [MEAS] key and [SAVE] key also unfreeze the display.
Half Wave Negative: Shows negative echo lobes as positive and does not show the
positive lobes at all. An indicator, NEG, located at the bottom right of the waveform,
indicates half wave negative.
Half Wave Positive: Shows positive lobes but not negative lobes. An indicator, POS,
located at the bottom right of the waveform, indicates half wave positive.
Full Wave: Shows the negative portion of the echo folded around the baseline so that
both positive and negative lobes are displayed.
4.1.11
4.2
Operating SP Modes
The SP mode contains several adjustable parameters. To access the SP mode, press [2nd
F], [0] on the keypad. Toggle to any of the options available such as Measurement,
Communication, Diagnostics, Resets, or Clock, and press [ENTER].
TQ
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
Figure 33
4.2.1
Selecting an SP Mode
4.2.1.1
Beeper
Inactive Time
Language
Radix
Waveform
Backlight Mode
Supervisor Lock
Save Key
ID Overwrite Protection
Quick Setup
] or [
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
TR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
4.2.1.2
] or [
When Inactive Time is On, the unit powers off after 6 minutes of inactivity. When
Inactive Time is Off, the unit does not shut off until manually turned off using the
[ON/OFF] key.
5. Press [MEAS] to return to the Measurement mode.
4.2.1.3
4.2.1.4
Figure 34
TS
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
Figure 35
] and [
4.2.1.5
Unfilled Waveform
Figure 36
Filled Waveform
To set the waveform trace parameter as Filled or Unfilled, follow these steps:
1. Press [2nd F], [0].
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
TT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Figure 37
] and [
4.2.1.6
TU
Use the Backlight only when necessary. Both the battery operating time and
the long term brightness of the Backlight are substantially decreased when
the Backlight is used continuously.
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
4.2.1.7
Velocity
Alarm Set
Figure 38
] and [
] to select On or Off.
4.3
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
TV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
4.3.1
Figure 39
] and [
When ID Overwrite Protection is On, the following screen opens when you attempt to
save over an existing measurement.
Figure 40
UM
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
5. Press [
] and [
Selecting Save replaces the previous reading in the datalogger with the new reading.
Selecting Cancel keeps the previous reading stored in the datalogger.
Note:
4.3.1.1
The thickness reading and waveform is held on the display while you make
this selection.
], [
3. Press [
] or [
4. Press [
To change the active application setup to any of the first nine custom setups when Quick
Setup is enabled, do the following:
Press and hold any numeric key, [1] through [9], until the beep sounds (about 1.5
seconds). The momentary message USER N is now active and appears on the second
status line, and the active setup is changed to the displayed name.
Note:
USER-N refers to the Nth custom setup where N is the numeric key pressed.
You can use numeric keys repeatedly in this method to quickly move between setups.
When preceded by the [2nd F] key, numeric keys always perform the indicated second
function, e.g. [2nd F], [5] selects MIN or MAX Measure mode even when Quick Setup
is activated. Quick Setup remains enabled until disabled by following the procedure
described above.
4.3.2
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
UN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
2. Press [2nd F], [0] (SP MODE). The following menu opens:
Figure 41
Figure 42
The current communication parameters appear. The settings available for each
parameter is as follows:
Baud Rate: (1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, or 19200)
Number of Stop Bits: (1 or 2)
Parity Bit: (None, Odd, or Even)
Comm Protocol: (Single or Multiple)
Output Format: (F1 to F10) (See Appendix E - Remote Control Via RS-232 on
page 223.)
4. Press [ ] or [ ] to change any of the parameters until the desired parameter is
highlighted.
5. Press [
] or [
6. Exit this mode by highlighting the Previous Screen option and pressing [ENTER].
Tip:
UO
You can also exit this mode by pressing the [MEAS] key.
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
4.3.2.1
], [
The output format for the Continuous Output data consists of the current live displayed
thickness value and a Carriage Return <CR> then Line Feed <LF>. If the gage is in LOS
(loss of signal) then --.--- is sent indicating that the Measurement screen is blank. The
number of dashes after the decimal point is equal the current measurement resolution of
the thickness display. An example of the continuous output format is listed below:
0.192<CR>,< LF>
0.192<CR>,< LF>
0.191<CR>,< LF>
0.192<CR>,< LF>
0.191<CR>,< LF>
0.191<CR>,< LF>
0.191<CR>,< LF>
0.191<CR>,< LF>
--.---<CR>,< LF>
--.---<CR>,< LF>
0.191<CR>,< LF>
--.---<CR>,< LF>
Continuous output for multi-measurement will send all the multiple measurement on a
single line separated by a comma and then a <carriage return> and <line feed>.
Example:
0.192, 0.005, 0.154, 0.351 <CR>, <LF>
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
UP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
4.3.2.2
4.3.3
2. Press [
], [
3. Press [
], [
4. Press [
]or [
UQ
Keypad
Video
Hardware Status
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
4.3.3.1
Hardware Control
Error Status
4.3.3.2
The [ON/OFF] key powers off the gage, and the [ENTER] key exits the
Keypad Test mode.
4.3.3.3
4.3.3.4
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
UR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
4.3.3.5
4.3.4
Measurement Reset
Communication Reset
DBase Reset
Master Reset
Resets are useful whether you are new or experienced at operating the gage. These resets
provide an efficient short-cut to a known configuration.
4.3.4.1
Measurement
Default Parameter
Material Velocity
0.0 in or mm
0.0 in or mm
20.0 in or 500.0mm
Cal keys
Unlocked
4 per second
Zoom
Off
Range
Minimum range
US
j~~=p~=d~=c=~=pm=j
4.3.4.2
19200
Stop Bits:
Parity:
None
4.3.4.3
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
UT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
4.3.4.4
4.3.5
Hour
Minutes
AM/PM
Mode (US/International)
Month
Day
Year
], [
UU
r=`=p
Many of these adjustments are interactive, and all of them have an effect on the
measurement range and/or measurement accuracy of the Model 25MULTI PLUS. In most
cases, do not attempt adjustments without monitoring waveforms. Additionally, when
establishing a custom setup for a specific application, it is essential to verify performance
on reference standards representing the material(s) and thickness range to measure.
Topics are as follows:
5.1
MeasType
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
UV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Main Bang
First Backwall
Figure 43
Detect Mode 1
Mode 2 (standard): Measures the time of flight between the interface (or delay line) echo
and the first backwall echo using a delay line or immersion transducer.
Main Bang
First Backwall
Interface
Figure 44
Detect Mode 2
Mode 3 (standard): Measures the time of flight between one backwall echo to the next
backwall echo using a delay line or immersion transducer.
VM
r=`=p
Interface
First Backwall
First
Backwall
Figure 45
5.2
Detect Mode 3
MeasType
The 25MULTI PLUS can make two types of measurements, Standard Echo Timing
measurements or Barrier Layer.
Standard Echo Timing Measurements: Created by taking a time of flight
measurement between two successive echoes (See Managing the Detect Mode
Function on page 89.)
Barrier Layer measurements: Special measurement technique using advanced
algorithms to separate and measure the time between echoes from both sides of a thin
barrier layer material used in multi-layer plastic containers. This measurement type
should only be used to measure barrier layer thickness in the range of 0.004 -0.020 in.
(0.100-.500 mm) depending on material sound velocity. If the barrier layer thickness
is greater then 0.020 in. (0.500 mm) there should be enough echo separation so that a
standard thickness measurement can be used.
5.3
5.4
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
VN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
5.5
Affects the amount of energy going into the transducer and the size of the Initial Pulse
Initial Pulse
Figure 46
Initial Pulse
Figure 47
5.6
VO
r=`=p
detected. When no echo is detected (LOS prompt), the gain rises to the maximum level set
by the Initial Gain, Slope, and Maximum Gain. If the maximum gain is set too high, the
gage may hang up on transducer noise or other spurious signals; if it is set too low,
returning echoes may not be high enough for detection.
In general, for a given application the Max Gain should be set high enough that all echoes
of interest are detected, but a steady LOS prompt is displayed when the transducer is not
coupled to a test piece. The Max Gain indicates the Maximum (Time dependent) receiver
gain possible and is used to amplify echoes that are further out in time.
Note:
The Max Gain can never be lower then initial Gain and has a maximum value
of 80.0dB.
TDG SLOPE
Max Gain
Initial
Time
Figure 48
5.7
Maximum Gain
Amplifies echoes that are close to the Main Bang or interface echoes
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
VP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Max Gain
Initial
Time
Figure 49
5.8
Initial Gain
Rate of increase of the receiver (Time dependent) Gain from Initial Gain to Max Gain
Max Gain
Initial
Time
Figure 50
5.9
TDG Slope
VQ
r=`=p
In Mode 1, however, the length of the Main Bang Blank determines the minimum
thickness that can be measured, and it must be positioned with care after selecting the
Initial Gain level. In Mode 1, set just past the Initial Pulse. If the Main Bang Blank is too
short, then the gage hangs up on the excitation pulse and readings are not be possible. If the
Main Bang Blank is too long, then the minimum measurable thickness is unnecessarily
restricted. Make sure that the Main Bang Blank is always set before the interface echo
from the shortest water path when using immersion transducers.
In general, set the Main Bang Blank just beyond the point where the gage hangs up, and
test with the transducer both coupled to and uncoupled from the test material to ensure
accurate measurements.
Initial Pulse
Figure 51
Initial Pulse
Figure 52
5.10
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
VR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
DtectMode = 1
DtectMode = 2 or 3
EchWindow xsec
following Main Bang
EchWindow xsec
following the interface
blank
In Mode 1, the Echo Window can usually be set to any value greater than the round-trip
pulse transit time in the thickest or slowest piece of material to be measured. The exact
setting is not critical as long as it is long enough to include the farthest echo of interest. In
Modes 2 and 3, the Echo Window is limited to the time interval between successive
interface echoes. The end of the Echo Window must be set ahead of the second interface
echo to prevent an incorrect detection, which in turn determines a maximum measurable
thickness for Mode 2 and Mode 3 setups. In applications involving Mode 2 and Mode 3
immersion measurements, the echo placement must apply throughout the range of water
paths to be used.
Figure 53
VS
r=`=p
Echo Window
Interface Echo
Interface Blank
Figure 54
5.10.1
2nd Interface
Echo
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
VT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Figure 55
Echo 1 Detection
Figure 56
Echo 1 Detect
Positive
Echo 2 Detect
Negative
Figure 57
VU
r=`=p
5.10.2
Interface Blank
Use Interface Blank in Modes 2 and 3 only. Interface Blank represents a blank or dead
zone up to 20 microseconds in length that follows the leading edge of the interface echo.
In Mode 2, the Interface Blank prevents detection of trailing lobes or cycles of the
interface echo, which might otherwise be detected as backwall echoes, resulting in a hangup condition.
The Interface Blank should be set as short as possible to avoid unnecessarily restricting
minimum measurable thickness. The Initial Gain function often helps reduce interface
echo amplitude and permit use of a shorter interface blank. Check Interface Blank settings
with the transducer both coupled to and uncoupled from the test material.
In Mode 3, the Interface Blank selects which pair of backwall echoes are measured. In
most conditions, the Interface Blank would be set just short of the first backwall echo.
However, as a practical matter, the first backwall echo from thin materials is often
distorted or lost in the interface ringdown, and with some challenging geometries (such as
tight radii) later pairs of backwall echoes may be cleaner than early ones. In these cases, set
the Interface Blank to a length that insures detection of a clean and well-defined pair of
backwall echoes, even if echoes are not the first two.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
Mode 2
VV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Figure 59
5.10.3
Mode 3
Figure 60
NMM
Gage Hanging up on
Gage Hanging up on Trailing Edge of Backwall 1
r=`=p
Figure 61
5.10.4
Figure 62
5.10.5
] or [
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NMN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Data 1 window
Barrier layer
reflection
Figure 63
Backwall
echo from
total thickness
When the proper Barrier echo is being detected the user must adjust the width of the Data
Window 1 so it is large enough to included the entire Barrier layer reflection but not
include the main bang echo or Backwall Echo. Save each Custom setup so you can recall
it or use it as part of a Multi-Measurement feature. (See Saving Setup Parameters on page
103.)
5.10.6
Data 1
window
Figure 64
Barrier layer
reflection
Data 2 window
When the proper Barrier echoes are being detected the user must adjust the width of the
Data Window 1 so it is large enough to include the entire interface echo but does include
the main bang echo or Barrier Echo reflection. Data Window 2 must be adjusted so it is
NMO
r=`=p
large enough to included the entire Barrier layer reflection but not include the interface
echo or Backwall Echo. Make sure to save each Custom setup so that you can recall it or
use it as part of a Multi-Measurement feature. (See Saving Setup Parameters on page
103.)
5.10.7
Figure 65
The changes that were made are located in the active setup.
3. Press [SAVE] and the Recall Setup Save screen opens.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NMP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Figure 66
4. Press [ ], [ ], [
Press [ENTER].
], [
NMQ
j~~==a~~
6.1
Opening a File
Copying a File
Deleting a File
Editing/Renaming a File
Saving Data
Erasing Data
Generating Reports
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
Recall stored data to the gage displays, printed out, or sent to a computer
Receive previously transmitted thickness and waveform data back from a computer
NMR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
ID#
Previous
Thickness
Figure 67
Date/Time
Comment
Notes
You can store either thickness measurements only or thickness measurements with an
associated waveform. When each measurement is stored, the gage also stores a complete
description of the measurement conditions with the measurement. The additional data
stored with each thickness value includes:
NMS
File Name
Identifier
Differential Mode
Alarm Mode
Alarm Status
Velocity
Resolution
j~~==a~~
When a waveform is stored, the following additional information is stored with it:
Zoom Status
Delay
Range
Rectification Mode
You can store a maximum of 18,000 thickness values without waveforms at any one time
in the standard Model 25MULTI PLUS version. You can also store up to 1,700 thickness
values with waveforms. The memory is expandible in two increments of 1 MB each. The
first memory upgrade allows a maximum of 36,000 thickness values or 3,400 waveforms
with thickness values. The second memory upgrade allows a maximum of 54,000
thickness values or 5,100 waveforms with thickness values. Contact Panametrics-NDTTM
for details about how to upgrade the memory.
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NMT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
0123456789
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
space - . / , : # *
The allowable number of ID numbers within a file is dependent on the total number of
identifiers in the datalogger. There are no restrictions on the use of any allowed character
at any position in an ID number except that you cannot use a space as either the first or last
character of the ID number.
6.2.3
Figure 68
NMU
j~~==a~~
6.2.4
Comment Structure
Use Comments to annotate individual measurement sites in the database for unusual
measurement conditions. Save these notes with or without the thickness measurement
data as a permanent record of conditions encountered at the time of the survey.
Typical Comments are:
THIN AREA
THICK AREA
OUT OF TOLERANCE
MIN THICKNESS
MAX THICKNESS
NO READING
SEE WAVEFORM
A comment is a 16 character text note that can attach to a thickness reading in the database.
The gage is capable of storing a maximum of 26 different comments per file, each of
which is identified by a comment code letter A, B, ...Z. Comments are user definable for
each file and can be alphanumeric. You can store 1 to 4 comments per thickness reading.
Allowable characters are as follows:
0123456789
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
space - . / , : # *
There are no restrictions on the use of any allowed character at any position in a comment
except that you cannot use a space as either the first or last character of the ID number.
All comments stored with a reading appear as their associated letter code in the flags
section of the transmitted output. The full definition of each comment is written out in its
entirety in a comment table once transferred to a computer or printer.You can also view
Comment code definitions on the gage display as shown below.
Figure 69
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
Creating a Note
NMV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
(See Creating or Editing Comment Tables from the Model 25MULTI PLUS on page 141
for further instructions on using comments in the datalogger.)
6.3
6.3.1
NNM
j~~==a~~
Figure 70
6.3.2
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NNN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
6.3.3
Figure 71
Figure 72
NNO
Incremental
Sequential
3-D Custom
j~~==a~~
Note:
As the list of file types is scrolled through, the right hand side of the display
dynamically responds showing the required entry parameters to create the
specific file types.
6.3.3.1
Incremental
After entering a starting ID number (up to 16 alphanumeric characters long) the gage
automatically increments to the subsequent ID numbers using the following incrementing
rules:
Only that portion of an ID number consisting of digits and letters (no punctuation
marks) beginning with the right-most character and extending leftward to the first
punctuation mark or to the left-most character (whichever comes first) can increment.
Digits are cycled 0, 1, 2, ..., 9, 0, etc. The 9 to 0 transition is done only after
incrementing the character to the left. Letters are cycled A, B, C, ..., Z, A, etc. The Z to
A transition is done only after incrementing the character to the left. In either case, if
there is no character to the left, or if the character to the left is a punctuation mark then
the ID number cannot increment.
If an ID number cannot increment, then after a reading is saved, an long error beep
sounds and the momentary message CANNOT INCREMENT is shown on the
waveform display. Subsequent saves overwrite readings if you do not manually
change the ID number first.
Note:
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
To make the gage increment through a range of numbers several digits wide
while beginning with a single digit ID number, the maximum number of
digit positions must be entered initially using leading zeroes. See Example 1.
NNP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
1. Initial
Limit
2. Initial
Limit
3. Initial
Limit
NNQ
1
2
3
.
.
.
9
ABC
ABD
ABE
.
.
.
ABZ
ACA
ACB
.
.
.
ZZZ
ABC*12*34
ABC*12*35
ABC*12*36
.
.
.
ABC*12*99
4. Initial
Limit
5. Initial
Limit
0001
0002
0003
.
.
.
0009
0010
.
.
.
9999
1A
1B
1C
.
.
.
1Z
2A
2B
.
.
.
9Z
j~~==a~~
Figure 73
] or [
At any time, you can press [2nd F], [ ] or [2nd F], [ ] to tab between entry
fields on the display. This is helpful if an error is made and you want to tab
back to a previous field.
Figure 74
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NNR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
] or [
]. Press
3. Select Normal, Soft Contact, or PCT Total THK for the File Mode option by
pressing [ ] or [ ]. Press [ENTER]. This is the final selection of the screen.
Normal: Designates a file used to save non-multi measurement or normal multimeasurement thickness values.
Soft Contact: Designates a file used to save saggital height, lens thickness, and radius
of curvature values.
PCT Total THK: Designates a file used to save thickness or percent of total thickness
values.
Note:
In order to successfully create the file, a file name must be assigned using the
gages editing commands. All other fields in this screen are optional.
] and [
]. Press [ENTER].
Cancel: The gage terminates the file create process and returns to the Measure mode
with the file and ID number unchanged. The datalogger contents remain unchanged.
The file is not created.
Done: The gage returns to the Measure mode with this new file as the active file and
the first ID number in the file as the active ID number.
6.3.3.2
Sequential
A Sequential File is defined by a starting and an ending ID number. The resulting file is
inclusive of the starting and ending points and all points in between.
Example 2: Start ID# = ABC123
NNS
j~~==a~~
ABC135
Example 3: Start ID# = XY-GY
Figure 75
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
] or [
At any time, you can press [2nd F], [ ] or [2nd F], [ ] to tab between entry
fields on the display. This is helpful if an error is made and you want to tab
back to a previous field.
NNT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Figure 76
7. Enter a file name using the gages editing commands. A file name may consist of one
to eight DOS legal characters. Press [ENTER].
Enter File Description, Inspector ID, and Location-Note fields using the same
process. After each entry, press [ENTER] to tab to the next field.
8. Select On or Off for the Delete Protection option by pressing [
[ENTER].
] or [
]. Press
9. Select Normal, Soft Contact, or PCT Total THK for the File Mode option by
pressing [ ] or [ ]. Press [ENTER]. This is the final selection of the screen.
Normal: Designates a file used to save non-multi measurement or normal multimeasurement thickness values.
Soft Contact: Designates a file used to save saggital height, lens thickness, and radius
of curvature values.
PCT Total THK: Designates a file used to save thickness or percent of total thickness
values.
Note:
In order to successfully create the file, a file name must be assigned using the
gages editing commands. All other fields in this screen are optional.
] and [
]. Press [ENTER].
Cancel: The gage terminates the file create process and returns to the Measure mode
with the file and ID number unchanged. The datalogger contents remain unchanged.
The file is not created.
Done: The gage returns to the Measure mode with this new file as the active file and
the first ID number in the file as the active ID number.
NNU
j~~==a~~
6.3.3.3
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NNV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Figure 77
] or [
At any time, you can press [2nd F], [ ] or [2nd F], [ ] to tab between entry
fields on the display. This is helpful if an error is made and you want to tab
back to a previous field.
NOM
j~~==a~~
Figure 78
] or [
]. Press
3. Select Normal, Soft Contact, or PCT Total THK for the File Mode option by
pressing [ ] or [ ]. Press [ENTER]. This is the final selection of the screen.
Normal: Designates a file used to save non-multi measurement or normal multimeasurement thickness values.
Soft Contact: Designates a file used to save saggital height, lens thickness, and radius
of curvature values.
PCT Total THK: Designates a file used to save thickness or percent of total thickness
values.
Note:
In order to successfully create the file, a file name must be assigned using the
gages editing commands. All other fields in this screen are optional.
] and [
]. Press [ENTER].
Cancel: The gage terminates the file create process and returns to the Measure mode
with the file and ID number unchanged. The datalogger contents remain unchanged.
The file is not created.
Done: The gage returns to the Measure mode with this new file as the active file and
the first ID number in the file as the active ID number.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NON
j=ORjriqf=mirp
6.3.3.4
Figure 79
How is a grid used? A grid structure may associate one dimension of the grid (e.g., the
columns) with the physical parts whose wall thickness is to be measured. The particular
measurement points on each part are then associated with the other dimension of the grid
(e.g., the rows). See the following figure.
NOO
j~~==a~~
Figure 80
Alternatively, the rows and columns of a grid may refer to a two dimensional map of
measurement points on the surface of one part. In this case a different grid is made for each
part. See the following figure.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NOP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Name: Elbow
Rows: 01 thru 10
Columns: A thru E
IDs: Elbow/A0 thru Elbow/E10
Name: Tee
Rows: 1 thru 4
Columns: 1 thru 3
IDs: Tee/11 thru Tee/34
Figure 81
Figure 82
NOQ
j~~==a~~
] or [
At any time [2nd F], [ ] or [2nd F], [ ] may be pressed to tab between entry
fields on the display. This is helpful if an error is made and you want to tab
back to a previous field.
Figure 83
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NOR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
] or [
]. Press
3. Select Normal, Soft Contact, or PCT Total THK for the File Mode option by
pressing [ ] or [ ]. Press [ENTER]. This is the final selection of the screen.
Normal: Designates a file used to save non-multi measurement or normal multimeasurement thickness values.
Soft Contact: Designates a file used to save saggital height, lens thickness, and radius
of curvature values.
PCT Total THK: Designates a file used to save thickness or percent of total thickness
values.
Note:
In order to successfully create the file, a file name must be assigned using the
gages editing commands. All other fields in this screen are optional.
] and [
]. Press [ENTER].
Cancel: The gage terminates the file create process and returns to the Measure mode
with the file and ID number unchanged. The datalogger contents remain unchanged.
The file is not created.
Done: The gage returns to the Measure mode with this new file as the active file and
the first ID number in the file as the active ID number.
6.3.3.5
Start Column A
End Column J
Start Row 01
Start Row 17
NOS
j~~==a~~
A02LEFT
.
.
.
J17RIGHT
To create a 2-D Grid with Custom Points file, follow these steps:
1. Press [FILE]. The File Options menu opens.
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the Create option.The following screen opens:
Figure 84
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NOT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
3. Press [ ] or [
[ENTER].
] or [
At any time [2nd F], [ ] or [2nd F], [ ] may be pressed to tab between entry
fields on the display. This is helpful if an error is made and you want to tab
back to a previous field.
Figure 85
6. Enter a file name using the gages editing commands. A file name may consist of one
to eight DOS legal characters. Press [ENTER].
Enter File Description, Inspector ID, and Location-Note fields using the same
process. After each entry press [ENTER] to tab to the next field.
7. Select On or Off for the Delete Protection option by pressing [
[ENTER].
On: Provides a warning whenever you try to delete the file.
Off: Allows the file to be deleted from the datalogger.
NOU
] or [
]. Press
j~~==a~~
8. Select Normal, Soft Contact, or PCT Total THK for the File Mode option by
pressing [ ] or [ ]. Press [ENTER]. This is the final selection of the screen.
Normal: Designates a file used to save non-multi measurement or normal multimeasurement thickness values.
Soft Contact: Designates a file used to save saggital height, lens thickness, and radius
of curvature values.
PCT Total THK: Designates a file used to save thickness or percent of total thickness
values.
Note:
In order to successfully create the file, a file name must be assigned using the
gages editing commands. All other fields in this screen are optional.
] and [
Cancel: The gage terminates the file create process and returns to the Measure mode
with the file and ID number unchanged. The datalogger contents remain unchanged.
The file is not created.
Done: The gage returns to the Measure mode with this new file as the active file and
the first ID number in the file as the active ID number.
6.3.3.6
Start Column = A
End Column = F
Start Row = 1
End Row = 4
Start Point = X
End Point = Z
Resulting file would contain the following list of ID numbers
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NOV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
A1X
A1Y
A1Z
A2X
.
.
.
A4Z
B1X
B1Y
.
.
.
F4Z
Note:
You can select which dimension increments first, second and third. The
example above assumes that you chose to increment the point first, the row
second and the column third.
To create a 3-D Grid with Custom Points file, follow these steps:
1. Press [FILE]. The File Options menu opens.
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the Create option.The following screen opens:
Figure 86
NPM
j~~==a~~
] or [
] or [
] to highlight Cancel if
At any time [2nd F], [ ] or [2nd F], [ ] may be pressed to tab between entry
fields on the display. This is helpful if an error is made and you want to tab
back to a previous field.
Figure 87
4. Enter a file name using the gages editing commands. A file name may consist of one
to eight DOS legal characters. Press [ENTER].
Enter File Description, Inspector ID, and Location-Note field using the same process.
After each entry press the [ENTER] key to tab to the next field.
5. Select On or Off for the Delete Protection option by pressing [
[ENTER].
] or [
]. Press
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NPN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
6. Select Normal, Soft Contact, or PCT Total THK for the File Mode option by
pressing [ ] or [ ]. Press [ENTER]. This is the final selection of the screen.
Normal: Designates a file used to save non-multi measurement or normal multimeasurement thickness values.
Soft Contact: Designates a file used to save saggital height, lens thickness, and radius
of curvature values.
PCT Total THK: Designates a file used to save thickness or percent of total thickness
values.
Note:
In order to successfully create the file, a file name must be assigned using the
gages editing commands. All other fields in this screen are optional.
] and [
]. Press [ENTER].
Cancel: The gage terminates the file create process and returns to the Measure mode
with the file and ID number unchanged. The datalogger contents remain unchanged.
The file is not created.
Done: The gage returns to the Measure mode with this new file as the active file and
the first ID number in the file as the active ID number.
6.3.3.7
3-D Custom
A 3-D custom file is a special file type designed for 3-D file application where two of the
dimensions are user defined custom lists. This allows you to define the custom Row and
Custom point as a list of user defined items. The first dimension is the column referring to
a starting and ending vertical column. The second dimension is the Custom Row referring
to a user defined custom list of rows. The third dimension is the Custom Point referring to
a user defined custom list of points. When these three dimension are defined, the result is
a single ID number formed to precisely identify the exact location for each thickness
reading:
Example 7:
Column
Start column = 01
End column = 10
Custom Row = (TOP, Middle, Bottom)
Custom Point = LEFT and Right
Increment first by Custom Point and Second by Column
The resulting file would contain the following list of ID numbers:
01TOP-LEFT
01TOP-RIGHT
02TOP-LEFT
02TOP-RIGHT
03TOP-LEFT
03TOP-RIGHT
NPO
j~~==a~~
.
.
.
10BOTTOM-RIGHT
To create a 3-D Custom file, follow these steps:
1. Press [FILE]. The File Options menu opens.
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the Create option.The following screen opens:
Figure 88
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NPP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
] or [
] or [
At any time [2nd F], [ ] or [2nd F], [ ] may be pressed to tab between entry
fields on the display. This is helpful if an error is made and you want to tab
back to a previous field.
Figure 89
4. Enter a file name using the gages editing commands. A file name may consist of one
to eight DOS legal characters. Press [ENTER].
Enter File Description, Inspector ID, and Location-Note field using the same process.
After each entry press [ENTER] to tab to the next field.
5. Select On or Off for the Delete Protection option by pressing [
[ENTER].
On: Provides a warning whenever you try to delete the file.
Off: Allows the file to be deleted from the datalogger.
NPQ
] or [
]. Press
j~~==a~~
6. Select Normal, Soft Contact, or PCT Total THK for the File Mode option by
pressing [ ] or [ ]. Press [ENTER]. This is the final selection of the screen.
Normal: Designates a file used to save non-multi measurement or normal multimeasurement thickness values.
Soft Contact: Designates a file used to save saggital height, lens thickness, and radius
of curvature values.
PCT Total THK: Designates a file used to save thickness or percent of total thickness
values.
Note:
In order to successfully create the file, a file name must be assigned using the
gages editing commands. All other fields in this screen are optional.
] and [
]. Press [ENTER].
Cancel: The gage terminates the file create process and returns to the Measure mode
with the file and ID number unchanged. The datalogger contents remain unchanged.
The file is not created.
Done: The gage returns to the Measure mode with this new file as the active file and
the first ID number in the file as the active ID number.
6.4
Opening a File
Use the File Open function to retrieve a file stored in the datalogger and mark it as the
active file in the Measure mode.
To open a File, follow these steps:
1. Press [FILE]. The File Options menu opens.:
Figure 90
2. Highlight the Open option by pressing [ ] and [ ]. Press [ENTER]. The following
screen opens:
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NPR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Figure 91
Opening a File
When scrolling through the file names, a descriptive header for the
highlighted file name appears on the lower section of the display. This
information can assist in selecting the proper file if you are uncertain of the
exact file name.
4. Press [ENTER] to confirm opening the file. If you want to terminate the action press
[ ] or [ ] to highlight the Cancel option. Press [ENTER].
If you select the Open option, the gage returns to the Measure mode with the selected
file as the active file and the ID number is set to the first ID number in the file.
6.5
Copying a File
You can duplicate a file that already exists in the datalogger by using the File Copy
function. This function provides two options:
The File Copy function is useful when a new file needs to be created with the exact same
structure as a previous file.
To copy a file, follow these steps:
1. Press [FILE]. The File Options menu opens.
NPS
j~~==a~~
Figure 92
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the Copy option. Press [ENTER]. The following menu
opens:
Figure 93
Copying a File
3. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the name of the file that the new file is being copied
from. Press [ENTER].
4. Use the Model 25MULTI PLUS editing controls to input the name of the new file
being created. Press [ENTER].
The Include Thickness Data? field is highlighted.
5. Press [
] and [
This selection determines if previously stored thickness readings from the original file
are copied into the new file. If you select No, the ID Numbers are copied, but the
thickness field is left blank.
The Copy option is highlighted.
6. Press [ENTER] to confirm the File Copy.
If you wish to terminate the File Copy, press [
option and press [ENTER].
] or [
7. Use the File Open commands to activate the newly copied file. (See Opening a File on
page 135.)
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NPT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
6.6
Deleting a File
The File Delete function is used to Erase files from the datalogger memory.
Note:
Once a file is deleted there is no way to recover any information that was
once contained in that file unless it has previously been copied to another file
or transferred to a printer or computer.
Figure 94
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the Delete option. Press [ENTER]. The following
menu opens:
Figure 95
Deleting a File
NPU
j~~==a~~
Note:
When scrolling through the file names, a descriptive header for the
highlighted file name appears on the lower section of the display. This
information can assist in selecting the proper file if you are uncertain of the
exact file name.
4. Press [ENTER] to confirm erasing all data and file structure. If you wish to terminate
this process press [ ] or [ ] to highlight the Cancel option and press [ENTER].
Figure 96
2. Use the editing function to define the beginning ID location. Press [ENTER].
3. Use the editing function to define the ending ID location. Press [ENTER].
4. Press [
6.7
] or [
Editing/Renaming a File
The File Edit-Rename function is used to change/edit one or all of the following fields in
a file:
File Name
File Description
Inspector ID
Location-Note
This function does not let you edit the File type and is not used for editing individual
Measurement Identifiers or actual Thickness Readings.
1. Press [FILE]. The File Options menu opens.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NPV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Figure 97
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the Edit-Rename option. Press [ENTER]. The File
Edit-Rename screen opens:
Figure 98
3. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the name of the file to edit or rename. Press [ENTER].
You can now edit the fields in the lower section of the display with the exception of the
File Type. The first field highlighted is the file name field. Edit this field using the
Model 25MULTI PLUS Standard Editing Controls. (See Using the Model 25MULTI
PLUS Standard Editing Commands on page 110.)
Note:
While scrolling through the file names in the database, the lower section of
the display will dynamically display the descriptive file header information
for each file. This will assist in choosing the proper file if the file name is
unknown.
4. Press [ENTER] after completing the edits. The File Description field for editing is
highlighted.
Continue this procedure until all desired fields are edited. At any time press [2nd F],
[ ] and [2nd F], [ ] to move from one field to another.
NQM
j~~==a~~
6.8
6.9
Figure 99
Note:
If there are any previous comments, the screen may show those comments.
3. Press [ ] or [ ] to select the letter code for the comment you wish to program. A
comment is assigned a letter code A-Z.
4. Press [ ] and [ ] to activate the Edit mode. (See Using the Model 25MULTI
PLUS Standard Editing Commands on page 110 for more detail about entering data.)
6.9.1
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NQN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
] or [
4. Press [
] or [
5. Press [VEL] to delete the characters in the comment. The comment text will be erased.
Deleting comment text does not delete comment codes from the measurement
database.
Note:
6.9.2
The text of comment codes that are already stored with measurements in the
current database should not be deleted since that destroys the meaning of the
stored codes. You can delete the text for unused comment codes at any time.
Copying a Note
The Note Copy function can be used to copy a note table from one file to another file in
the Model 25MULTI PLUS. This is very useful when you are creating files from the
Model 25MULTI PLUS and want to use a common note table.
To Copy a Note Table, follow these steps:
1. Press [FILE]. The File Options menu opens.
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the Note-Copy option. Press [ENTER].
3. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the file (source file) that contains the Note Table you
want to copy. Press [ENTER].
NQO
j~~==a~~
4. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the file (destination file) that you want to copy. Press
[ENTER].
6.10
5. Press [
] and [
Note:
Copying a comment table to a file that has existing stored comments may
redefine the meaning of existing stored comments. For example, if A = Hot
Surfaces in the original comment table and you copy a comment table where
A = Painted Surfaces, it changes the definition of A, and thus changes the
meaning of any previous stored A comments.
Saving Data
Store displayed thickness value or both the thickness and waveform in the datalogger
using the [SAVE] key. All of the appropriate calibration and setup parameters are also
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NQP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
stored simultaneously. (See Understanding the Datalogger on page 105 for a complete
description of what is stored in the datalogger.)
If a measurement is already stored at the current ID number, pressing [SAVE] overwrites
the old thickness reading with the current thickness reading unless the overwrite
protection feature is enabled. (See Operating the ID Overwrite Protection on page 80.)
If you do not want to save a measurement at a specific ID, press [SAVE] while no
measurement is taken. The gage will store an LOS condition and -.- at the specific ID
number.
6.10.1
6.10.2
6.10.3
NQQ
j~~==a~~
For example, AMS1 (0.2246 in.) is the active setup in the figure above. When
pressing [SAVE] the active setup is saved to the datalogger. The gage automatically
changes the AMS # to AMS2 (0.0088 in.) as shown in the figure below.
Pressing the save key again saves AMS2 (0.0088 in.) to the datalogger and
automatically switches to AMS3 (0.1598 in.) as shown in the figure below.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NQR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Pressing the save key again saves the thickness value at AMS3 (0.1598 in.) to the
datalogger. The gage will start over at AMS1.
Note:
You can save only one thickness measurement per ID# location into the
internal datalogger, therefore it is important to chose an appropriate file
format to best describe the stored thickness data. Panametrics-NDTTM
recommends using Sequential with Custom Points file format as an easy way
to organize your data.
Example:
01
Ending Point:
10
Custom Points:
TOP
BARRIER
BOTTOM
NQS
j~~==a~~
03-BARRIER
03-BOTTOM
10-BOTTOM
6.10.4
Saving Comments
Up to four comments may be stored at each identifier within a file.
To save a comment, follow these steps:
1. Press [2nd F], [ID#] (Note). The Notes table opens, similar to the display shown
below.
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the desired comment to be stored. Press [ENTER]. The
selected comment is marked with a square in the box to the left of the comment letter
code.
Repeat this step up to four comments.
3. Press [MEAS]. The next time [SAVE] is pressed these comment codes will be saved
with the thickness at the current ID number.
(See Creating or Editing Comment Tables from the Model 25MULTI PLUS on page
141 for more information.)
Note:
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
The comment codes are automatically untagged every time you press
[SAVE]. Therefore, you must select the desired comment code before using
it.
NQT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
6.11
Review datalogger contents by scanning through stored ID locations in the active file.
Move within the database and change the current ID location to any location that
already exists in the database.
Change the current ID location to any location that already exists in the database for
the purposes of editing that ID location.
Current ID Location
Stored Waveform (if any) with Status Flags (described in figure below)
Datalogger Flags: The area composed of four small boxes in the upper right corner of
the waveform area is reserved for status flags describing the displayed stored
thickness values. The flags are the same single letter abbreviations for status words
that are transmitted by the gage using the Sending commands. (See Managing
Communications / Data Transfer on page 157.) The flags that are defined for each box
are described in the figure below.
The Review mode is indicated by ID Review section in the center of the display. An
example is shown in the figure below:
NQU
j~~==a~~
Differential Mode
D-Differential Mode
d -% Differential Mode
Standard Alarm
A-Alarm Mode
H-High Alarm
L-Low Alarm
M-Measurement
LOS- Standard Mode
ID Review Screen
1-Mode 1
2-Mode 2
3-Mode 3
m-MIN
M-MAX
6.12
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
To change the current ID Location to a new ID, which does not yet exist in the
database. This mode is useful when a user wishes to include additional measurement
NQV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
points to the active file. Additional ID Locations can be added anywhere in the
database (beginning, middle, end.)
Note:
An editing cursor (reverse video) appears on the first character of the displayed ID
Location, as shown on the above screen. (See Using the Model 25MULTI PLUS
Standard Editing Commands on page 110 for more detail about entering data.)
Choose one of the following three steps to exit editing at any time:
1. Press [MEAS] to return to the Measure mode with the Current ID Location modified
as displayed.
If the edited ID is NOT in the database, the following screen opens:
NRM
j~~==a~~
2. Press [
] or [
The Append option has the edited ID number appended to the end of the file.
The Insert option has the edited ID inserted before the current ID Location.
3. Press [SAVE] with or without an active measurement in order for the edited ID to
become a permanent part of the database. After pressing [SAVE], the sequence
resumes at the previous current ID.
4. Press [ID#] to Return to the ID Review mode with the Displayed ID modified as
edited. The ID Review mode is entered with the ID selected in the Edit mode. If this
number is not in the database, it will be lost when any review key is pressed.
5. Press [2nd F], [MEAS], at any time, to return to the Measure mode without changing
the Current ID Number. This terminates the edit process.
6.13
Erasing Data
Note:
6.13.1
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NRN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Note:
6.13.2
Erasing a File
See Deleting a File on page 138.
6.13.3
1. Press [2nd F], [0] (SP MODE). The SP Mode menu opens:
NRO
j~~==a~~
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the Resets option. Press [ENTER]. The following
screen opens:
3. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the DBase Reset option. Press [ENTER]. The
following screen opens:
6.14
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NRP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
None
Stop Bits:
2. Plug the Panametrics-NDT TM Bar Code Wand into the RS-232 Connector on the
Model 25MULTI PLUS.
3. Scan the Bar Code Wand on the special ID Code Label.
When using the non-contact wand, position the scanner over the bar code label (0.0 2.00"or 0 - 50mm away from the label) and press the trigger button.
The ID number changes to the value coded on the label and the gage returns to the
Measure mode, ready to take a measurement.
4. Press [SAVE] to save a measurement.The current ID number is displayed in the ID
section of the screen (top left).
Note:
6.15
Generating Reports
The Model 25MULTI PLUS is capable of generating inspection data reports from within
the gage without having to connect to a computer or printer. The following reports are
available:
Min/Max Summary
NRQ
j~~==a~~
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the Reports option. Press [ENTER]. The following
menu opens:
3. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the desired report format. Press [ENTER]. Choose
from the following reports:
Min/Max Summary
File Compression.
If you select the Summary with Statistics Report option, the File Summary w/ Stats
screen opens.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NRR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
If you select the Min/Max Summary option, the following screen opens.
1. Press [ ] and [ ] to select the file and press [ENTER]. The minimum and maximum
thickness location will be displayed.
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to slew through the minimum thickness location.
3. Press [ENTER] to highlight the maximum thickness locations.
4. Press [ ] and [ ] to slew through the maximum thickness location.
5. Press [2nd F], [ ] or [2nd F], [ ] to move between File Select, Min Thickness, and
Maximum Thickness.
If File Comparison Report is chosen the following screen opens.
1. Press [ ] and [ ] to select the Reference file (original file) and press [ENTER].
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to select the Comparison file (latest file).
3. Press [ ] and [ ] to slew through the Maximum Thickness Loss ID Location.
4. Press [ENTER] and [ ] to slew through the Growth ID Locations.
NRS
j~~=`~=L=a~~=q~
7.1
Confirm that the receiving device is connected and configured properly. See the
following sections of this manual starting on page 163, page 193, and page 195. Also,
refer to the operators manuals for the receiving device and for the receiving software.
We recommend using the optional Panametrics-NDTTM WIN25DL PLUS Interface
Program with the gage to take advantage of all the datalogging features.
Confirm that the communications parameters on the Model 25MULTI PLUS are set
identical to those on the computer or printer.
Note:
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
The Model 25MULTI PLUS can send data to any device capable of
receiving ASCII formatted data using the RS-232C/D protocol. This
includes personal computers, minicomputers, dataloggers, and printers. The
data cable must be compatible with the Model 25MULTI PLUS output
connector and the serial input connector of the receiving device.
Panametrics-NDT supplies cables for IBM compatible PCs and serial
printers and provide assistance with connecting any other equipment. See
Appendix C - Serial Interface on page 193.
NRT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Note:
7.1.1
Figure 117 Selecting the Send Option from the File Menu
2. Press [ ] and [ ] until the Send option is highlighted. Press [ENTER]. The File Send
screen opens:
3. Press [
NRU
] and [
j~~=`~=L=a~~=q~
Choosing All sends all of the files in the Model 25MULTI PLUS to the connected
device. If you choose All:
a. Send is highlighted.
b. Press [ENTER].
c. After confirming the send function, the Model 25MULTI PLUS begins
transmitting all files in the database.
Choosing Selected lets you choose which specific files in the datalogger you want
to send to the connected device. If you choose Selected:
a. The first file in the list is highlighted.
b. Press [ENTER] to transmit the file. A * appears, tagging the file. Press
[ENTER] again to un-tag the file if you do not want to select it.
c. Press [ ] and [ ] until the next desired file name is highlighted.
d. Press [ENTER]. Continue this procedure until all desired files are tagged.
e. Press [2nd F], [ ] when finished to highlight Send.
f. Press [ENTER] to complete sending the tagged files.
7.1.2
3. Use the gages editing functions to set the starting ID of the desired range of ID
numbers. Press [ENTER].
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NRV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
4. Use the gages editing functions to set the ending ID of the desired range of ID
numbers. Press [ENTER].
Send is highlighted.
7.1.3
7.1.4
Sending a displayed reading will blank a held reading, reset the minimum or
maximum function, and release a frozen waveform.
NSM
j~~=`~=L=a~~=q~
7.1.5
Any waveform sent to a printer using the [SEND] key only, described from
page 158 to page 161, does not print as a graphic. Instead, the waveform data
prints in an encoded non-readable format.
7.2
Retrieve thickness survey data, previously saved with ID numbers and stored in a
computer file, to the gage months or years later at the next survey date. Use this
retrieved data for three purposes:
Compare current values, at the measurement site, with previous thickness values.
Use the previous survey setup data to manually or automatically verify that the
current measurement setup identical.
Create ID number sequences in a computer and then download to the gage. This
externally created sequence can guide you through the prescribed measurement
location path. The ID sequence created in the computer must have setup information.
The setup can be the gage default setup or any other desired sequence of setups.
The data downloaded to the Model 25MULTI PLUS gage must be in the same precise
format in which data is transmitted. Panametrics-NDT TM recommends using the
optional WIN25DL PLUS Interface Program to handle all functions of interfacing,
storing, and creating Model 25MULTI PLUS data. Other database and editor software
may work, but depends on the software design functionality. Please contact
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NSN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
7.3
7.4
7.4.1
NSO
j~~=`~=L=a~~=q~
ordered from Panametrics-NDTTM. One RS-232 cable is included with every Model
25MULTI PLUS, which you can specify at the time of order.
Panametrics-NDT offers the following cables that are compatible with most computer and
printer serial connectors:
7.4.2
I/O Cable
Part #
Cable
Length
Typical
Device
36DLC/9F-6
6 ft. (2M)
IBM or compatible AT
or PS2-30 computer
36DLC/25F-6
6 ft. (2M)
36DLC/25M-6
D Type, 25 female
6 ft. (2M)
Other computers
(socket) contacts and
serial printers
36DLC/9M/PR-6
D Type, 25 female
6 ft. (2M)
Portable Printer
Table 8
Note:
2. Press [2nd F], [0] (SP MODE). The SP Mode menu opens.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NSP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Figure 120 Selecting the Communication Option from the SP Mode Menu
The current communication parameters will be displayed. The setting options for each
parameter is as follows:
Baud Rate:
Comm Protocol:
(Single or Multiple)
4. Press [ ] and [ ] to change any of the parameters until the desired parameter is
highlighted. Press [ ] or [ ] to change the setting of that parameter.
NSQ
j~~=`~=L=a~~=q~
5. Highlight the Previous Screen option. Press [ENTER] to exit this mode, or press
[MEAS] to go directly back to the Measure mode with the new parameters set.
7.5
Format
File
ID
Thickness WaveHeader Header
Table
forms
F-1
F-2
F-3
Setup Appsetup
Statistics
Table
Table
Note
Table
F-4
F-5
F-6
F-7
F-8
F-9
F-10
X
X
Note: The Model 25MULTI PLUS has 10 output formats. F-7 to F-10 are 26DL PLUS compatible
formats
Table 9
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NSR
The current communication parameters are displayed. The settings for the current
output format is shown on the last line if this menu.
Output Format (F1 to F10)
3. Press [ ] and [ ] to change the output format until the output format is highlighted.
Press [ ] or [ ] to change the setting.
4. Highlight the Previous Screen option. Press [ENTER] to exit this mode, or press
[MEAS] to go directly back to the Measure mode with the new parameters set.
7.6
19200
Stop Bits:
Parity:
None
Comm Protocol:
Multiple
Output Format:
F1
OFF
DBASE Reset: Potentially very dangerous and must be used with caution.
Caution: This function erases any and all data in the Model 25MULTI PLUS datalogger.
Only use this reset when there is no future need of the data stored in the datalogger. There
is no way to recover data once this reset has been performed.
166
j~~=`~=L=a~~=q~
Note:
7.6.1
If the data was previously sent to a computer, you can reload the data to the
Model 25MULTI PLUS at any time.
Figure 123 Selecting the Resets Option from the SP Mode Menu
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the Resets option. Press [ENTER]. The following
menu opens:
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NST
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Note:
7.6.2
If you press [MEAS] at any time before the final press of [ENTER] in Step
3, the gage will return to the Measure mode without performing the reset.
If the data was previously sent to a computer, you can reload the data to the
Model 25MULTI PLUS at any time.
Figure 125 Selecting the Resets Option from the SP Mode Menu
2. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the Resets option. Press [ENTER]. The following
menu opens:
NSU
j~~=`~=L=a~~=q~
3. Press [ ] and [ ] to highlight the DBASE Reset option. Press [ENTER]. The
following message appears asking to confirm the reset.
7.7
If you press [MEAS] at any time before the final press of [ENTER] in Step
3, the gage will return to the Measure mode without performing the reset.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NSV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
NTM
j~~=~=q==j=ORjriqf=mirp
8.1
Maintaining Transducers
Getting Help
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
When connecting cables to the gage, first align the connector with the mating
receptacle on the gage (the transducer connector pin is down, the RS-232 I/O cable
key tab facing up and the charger half-moon facing down), then carefully insert the
connector straight into the receptacle
When removing cables from the gage, first grasp the connector (not the cable), then
gently pull out from the gage
Do not use strong solvents or abrasives (clean the protective pouch, case keypad, and
display windows with a damp cloth and mild detergent, if necessary)
NTN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
8.2
Maintaining Transducers
The ultrasonic transducers or probes used with the Model 25MULTI PLUS are rugged
devices that need little care. They are not indestructible, however, and some attention to
the following items result in a maximum life span.
8.3
Cutting, pinching, or pulling the cables causes damage to the cables. Be careful to
prevent mechanical abuse to the cables. Never leave a transducer where a heavy object
can be placed on the cable. Never remove a transducer from the gage by pulling on the
cable; pull on the molded connector only. Never tie a knot in the transducer cable. Do
not twist or pull the cable at the point where it connects to the transducer.
Excessive wear at the tip of the Transducer degrades its performance. To minimize
wear, do not scrape or drag the transducer across rough surfaces. Operating the
transducer may become erratic or impossible when a transducer tip becomes rough or
cracked. Although some wear is normal, severe wear limits transducer life. Take
particular care with delay line transducers, which have plastic delay lines; replace
delay lines when worn.
8.4
NTO
j~~=~=q==j=ORjriqf=mirp
8.5
Material is too attenuating or surfaces are not parallel or are too rough
Symptom:
Symptom:
8.6
Material is too grainy, has flaws, inclusions or laminations, or very high surface noise;
try gain optimization, manual gain adjust or extended blank
Keypad Test
Hardware Status
Error Status
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NTP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
8.6.1
8.6.2
The [ON/OFF] key powers off the gage and the [ENTER] key exits the
Keypad Test mode.
8.6.3
NTQ
j~~=~=q==j=ORjriqf=mirp
Displays values of the power supply voltages V1 and V1 measured when the gage is
powered on. Indicates whether voltages are within specification via a <Pass> or <Fail>
message.
Specification: V1 = 5V 0.2 V
V2 = -5V 0.2 V
DC Gain:
Displays measured value of the RF section's DC Gain at the Min, Mid, and Max dB
settings. This measurement approximates the full bandwidth gain (DC - 20 MHz). Test
indicates whether all gains are within specification via a <Pass> or <Fail> message.
Calibration performed when gage is powered on.
Specification: Min setting 17 to 21 dB
Mid setting 37 to 41 dB
Max setting 76 to 81 dB
Blank Cal, Detector Cal, Sampler Cal:
Displays measured values of hardware time delays in 70MHz clock counts. Test indicates
whether delays are within specification via a <Pass> or <Fail> message. Calibrations
performed when gage is powered on.
Specification: Blank Cal: 64 to 96 counts (67 nominal)
Detector Cal: 70 nominal
Sampler Cal:
70 nominal
Displays values of DAC settings used to center the RF input signal at the midpoint of the
analog-to-digital converter's input range (+2VDC). Values apply across full 80 dB gain
range. Calibration performed when gage is powered on.
Specification: DACs attempt to compensate for DC offset at 0, 40 and 80 dB. A
<Fail> condition occurs after four attempts if error > 1 count of the analog-to-digital
converter (~ 7.8 mV).
Battery:
Displays value of the battery voltage measured when gage is turned on and charger is not
connected. A <Pass> or <Fail> message is not included because the gage will not power
on during the <Fail> condition.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NTR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
8.6.4
8.7
Getting Help
Application, sales or problem solving assistance is available directly from PanametricsNDTTM Customer Service.
Panametrics-NDT will repair any Model 25MULTI PLUS gage at its Waltham,
Massachusetts, USA factory. In addition, some local Panametrics-NDT dealers and
agents are able to do repairs at customer sites or at their own facilities.
Replacement parts and accessories for the Model 25MULTI PLUS are available from
Panametrics-NDT. See Appendix F - Accessories and Replacement Parts on page 231.
NTS
^=^=J=q~=p~
Case Material
Size
Weight
2.1 lbs.
Connectors
Hand Strap
Temperature
Case
Splash proof.
Battery
Charger
Keyboard
Power
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NTT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Display
Physical
Dot Size:
0.36mm x 0.36mm.
Color:
Backlight
Information
Displayed
NTU
^=^=J=q~=p~
Measurement
Box 1:
Normal
Box 2:
Differential Mode
Percentage Differential
Measure Mode 1
Measure Mode 2
Measure Mode 3
Maximum Value
Minimum Value
Box 3:
Box 4:
LOS
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NTV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Measurement
LOS
Measurement
Performance
Mode
Thickness
Range
Measurement
Resolution
NUM
0.080 to
^=^=J=q~=p~
Measurement
Display Update
Rate
Material
Velocity Range
Material
Velocity
Resolution
Differential Ref.
Range
Differential Ref.
Resolution
Alarm Setpoints
Range
Alarm Setpoints
Resolution
Datalogger
Information
Stored
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
ID number
Thickness value
Unit
LOS/Measurement condition
Differential mode, Differential
Reference value
Alarm mode, Low and Hi alarm
reference values
Minimum/Maximum reading
Velocity value
Transducer type
Waveform image (A-Scan, if selected)
Comments
Source: Downloaded or stored
NUN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
NUO
Storage
Capacity
Identification
Number
Size: 1 to 16 characters
Character Set: 0 thru 9, A thru Z, * # : , / . space
Data Base
Structure
File Creator
(Matrix Maker)
Incremental
Sequential (Defined by Starting and Ending
ID#)
Sequential with custom points
2-D Grid
2-D Grid with custom points
3-D Grid
3-D Custom
File Utilities
Open
Create
Copy
Delete
Send
Edit-Rename
Note-Copy
Reports:
File summary with Statistics
Min/Max Summary
File comparisons
^=^=J=q~=p~
File Output
Format
Features
Communication
Protocol:
Baud:
Word Length:
Stop Bits:
Parity:
Agency
Approval
CE.
Units
Functions
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NUP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Resolution
Echo Detection
Methods
MeasType
NUQ
Min Mode
Max Mode
Hold/blank
Differential
^=^=J=q~=p~
Alarm
Calibration
View and/or set the material velocity by pressing [VEL] from the Measure
mode, or by selecting MatlVel from the Setup Parameter List.
View and/or set the Zero Calibration by pressing [ZERO] from the Measure
mode, or by selecting Zero from the Setup Parameter List.
Preform the Velocity and/or Zero Calibration by entering the known
thickness(es) of test block(s) while measuring the block(s).
Application Setups
Application Setups are a set of stored configurations of the gage parameters for
various measurement applications. Setups are optimized for such application
features as material, thickness range, and required accuracy or resolution.
When the gage is turned on, the last Setup used is automatically selected and
the gage is ready to make similar measurements.
If the application has changed, choose an Application Setup name based on the
new application (refer to Table 11 on page 185).
Note:
A transducer of the type specified for the selected setup should be plugged
into the gage.
Setup Name
Probe Type
Typical Application
DEFM1-20.0/M116
M116
DEFM1-10.0/M112
M112
DEFM1-5.0/M110
M110
DEFM1-5.0/M109
M109
Table 11
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NUR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Setup Name
Probe Type
Typical Application
DEFM1-2.25/M106
M106
DEFM1-10.0/M1016
M1016
DEFM1-2.25/M1036
M1036
DEFM2-20.0/M208
M208
DEFM3-20.0/M208
M208
DEFP2-20.0/M208
M208
DEFM2-10.0/M202
M202
DEFM3-10.0/M202
M202
DEFP2-10.0/M202
M202
DEFP2-5.0/M205
M205
DEFP2-15.0/V260
V260
DEFM3-15.0/V260
V260
DEFP2-5.0/M206
M206
DEFM2-5.0/M206
M206
DEFM3-5.0/M206
M206
DEFP2-2.25/M207
M207
DEFM3-2.25 /M207
M207
DEFP2-20.0/M316
M316
DEFM3-20.0/M316
M316
DEFP2-10.0/M312
M312
DEFM3-10.0/M312
M312
Note: The maximum thickness measuring capability on plastics depends on the attenuation
characteristics of the material.
Table 11
NUS
^=^=J=q~=p~
Setup Quantity
Name
Description
Units/Resolutions/Range
Mode
1, 2 or 3.
MeasType
Measurement type
ProbeType
Transducer type
PulserPwr
Pulser power
MaxGain
InitGain
TDGSlope
MBBlank
EchWindow
Echo1Detect
+ or -
Echo2Detect
+ or -
Setup Name
Table 12
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NUT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Name
Description
Units/Resolutions/Range
IFBLANK
M3Blnk
MatlVel
Zero
0 -999.99.
Table 12
General
Display
Keypad
Transducers
Physical
Size:
NUU
Battery Description
Charger
^=^=J=q~=p~
Optional
General
List Of Special
Functions
Measurement:
Beeper (on* or off)
Inactive time (on* or off)
Language (English*, Spanish, German, French)
Radix (period* or comma)
Waveform (unfill* or fill)
Backlight mode (normal* or auto)
Supv lock (off* or on)
Save key (thk* or thk & wf)
ID overwrite (off* or on)
Quick setup (off* or on)
* indicates the parameter default
Communication:
Baud (192000*, 9600, 4800, 2400, 1200)
Stop bits (1* or 2)
Parity (none*, odd, or even)
Comm protocol (multiple* or single)
Output format (F1*, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10)
* indicates the parameter default
Diagnostic:
Keypad
Video
Hardware status
Hardware control
Error status
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NUV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
RESETS
Measure Reset: (default values)
Std. resolution
4Hz Measure rate
Diff. value 0.000
Diff mode OFF
Display blank
Inactive time on
Alarm off
Low alarm 0.000
High alarm 20.000
Min off
Max off
Backlight off
Communication Reset: (default values)
Baud: 19200
Stop bit: 1
Parity: none
Comm protocol: multiple
Output format: F1
Dbase Reset:
This reset function clears the entire data base. Use
CAUTION: this function will erase all stored data, which
cannot be recalled.
Master Reset:
Performs all Measurement, Communications and Dbase
resets simultaneously.
NVM
^=_=J=p=s
Material
V (in./usec)
V (mm/usec)
Ref
0.4013
10.19
Aluminum, rolled
0.253
6.420
Aluminum,6061T6
0.251
6.383
Beryllium
0.5073
12.89
0.1850
4.700
0.1726
4.385
Copper, rolled
0.1972
5.010
Duraluminum, 17S
0.2487
6.320
Fused Silica
0.2349
5.968
Fused Silica
0.2335
5.932
Glass, crown
0.2008
5.100
Glass, flint
0.1567
3.980
Glass, pyrex
0.2220
5.640
Iron, Armco
0.2345
5.960
Lead, rolled
0.0771
1.960
Lucite
0.1055
2.680
0.2270
5.770
Molybdenum
0.247
6.25
Monel
0.2105
5.350
Nickel
0.2377
6.040
Nylon
0.1031
2.735
Polyethylene
0.0705
1.950
Table 13
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NVN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Material
V (in./usec)
V (mm/usec)
Ref
Polystyrene
0.0925
2.350
0.0373
0.948
0.2259
5.734
Steel, mild
0.2346
5.960
Steel, 1% C
0.2339
5.940
Steel, 1% C, hardened
0.2305
5.854
0.2278
5.790
Titanium
0.237
5.99
Tungsten, drawn
0.2129
5.410
Uranium
0.133
3.37
Water
0.0590
1.498
Zinc, rolled
0.1657
4.210
Zinc, extruded
0.1756
4.460
Table 13
References
NVO
^=`=J=p~=f~
The Input-Output (I/O) connector, a 6 position circular LEMO style receptacle, is located
in the center of the top of the Model 25MULTI PLUS. The mating connector inserts into
the
I/O connector with the red dot upward and pushed straight in until it snaps into place. To
withdraw, pull the collet to release the latch and pull straight out.
Panametrics-NDTTM provides cables to connect the Model 25MULTI PLUS to devices
with standard DB-25 male and female connectors and also the IBM PC-AT 9 male pin
serial I/O connector. Use the information in Table 14 on page 193 as a reference to verify
particular equipment compatibility with the Model 25MULTI PLUS, and as an aid in
constructing a custom cable if necessary.
Model
25MULTI
PLUS I/O
Connector
Wire Name
Signal Name
IBM PC-AT
Connector
STD DB25
Pin #
Foil/tinned
copper
Ground
Red
Orange
Data to Gage
Yellow
Do not connect
Green
Blue
DSR to Gage
20
Table 14
Equipment Compatibility
Panametrics-NDTTM
Length
(Meters)
Cable Connector
Stock No.
Part No.
704-689-01
36DLC/9F-6
704-690-01
36DLC/25M-6
25 Pin Male D
704-691-01
36DLC/25F-6
704-689-02
36DLC/9F-12
12
704-690-02
36DLC/25M12
12
25 Pin Male D
Table 15
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
Length
(Feet)
NVP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Panametrics-NDTTM
Length
(Feet)
Length
(Meters)
Cable Connector
Stock No.
Part No.
704-691-02
36DLC/25F12
12
704-718-06
36DLC/9M/
PR-6
Table 15
Note:
Custom cables with a user specified terminal connector may be ordered from
Panametrics-NDTTM.
Data is transmitted on one line (data out of gage) and received on another line (data into
gage). Transfer is asynchronous serial. Baud rate, word length, stop bits and parity are
selectable from the keyboard. Data consists of ASCII coded character strings.
Signal levels are RS-232 C/D compatible. Mark is less than -2.5 volts. Space is greater
than +2.5V. The maximum output signal range is 5.50 volts. The maximum input signal
range is 20 volts.
The following two hardware handshake lines are included:
NVQ
DTR:
The gage sets DTR low (<-2.5V) when it is not able to receive data. DTR is high
(>+2.5V) at all times.
DSR:
A high (>+2.5V) supplied by the external device (or by being connected to the
DTR line) enables the gage to transmit data. A low (<-2.5V) supplied by the
external device, or by being connected to the RTS line, prevents the gage from
transmitting data.
Note:
If the external device does not provide the proper DSR signal, then you must
connect DTR to DSR (jump pin 6 to pin 20 in the 25 position cable
connector), or in the 25 pin connector on the attached equipment.
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
File
ID
Thickness Wave- Setup
Format Header Header Table
forms Table
F-1
F-2
F-3
F-4
F-5
X
X
F-6
F-7
F-8
F-9
F-10
Table 16
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
Appsetup
Note
Statistics Table
Table
X
X
NVR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Format - F1
This format includes file header, 25MULTI PLUS thickness table with waveforms (whenever present),
setup table and note table.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
FILE NAME: A0000001
FILE TYPE: INCREMENTAL
FILE DESCRIPTION: DEMO OUTPUT FORMAT
INSPECTOR ID: PANAMETRICS TESTER 9999999999999
LOCATION NOTE: WALTHAM MA 02453 USA
FILE DELETE PROTECTION: ON
OK
IDENTIFIER THICKNESS UNITS FLAGS NOTES SU #
0000000001
0.289 IN M--1WF AB 0002
PIXEL AMPLITUDES
00 9E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 14 04 14 04 35
35 67 67 7C 6C 77 69 73 73 84 82 84 7E 82 7F 81 81 83 82 83
80 82 80 81 81 82 81 82 81 83 81 81 81 82 81 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83
82 82 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82
81 82 81 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83
82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82 81 81 81 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 83 81 82 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82 81 82 82 83 83 86
86 9C 9C A7 7A A7 4F 7A 36 4F 41 64 64 9C 96 9C 94 96 94 96
91 96 84 91 80 84 7E 80 7D 7E 7C 7D 7C 7D 7D 80 80 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 82
82 82 82 83 81 82 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82
81 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
81 82 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 82 82 83 82 83 82 84 84 84 83 84
83 83 83 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 81 82 80 81 80 81 81 82 81 81
81 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 81 82 81 82 82 82 82 82
ZOOM = FALSE
DELAY = 0.00
RANGE = 0.50
DETECTION MARKER1 = 132
NVS
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
Format - F1 (Continued)
This format includes file header, 25MULTI PLUS thickness table with waveforms (whenever present),
setup table and note table.
DETECTION MARKER2 = 0
MAIN BANG BLANK END = 24
ECHO WINDOW END = 207
INTERFACE BLANK START = 0
INTERFACE BLANK END = 0
MODE3 BLANK START = 0
MODE3 BLANK END = 0
DATAWIN 1 START = 0
DATAWIN 1 END = 0
DATAWIN 2 START = 0
DATAWIN 2 END = 0
RECTIFICATION = RF
0000000002
0.386 IN M--1WF CD 0002
PIXEL AMPLITUDES
00 9D 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 03 00 1F
1F 5C 5C 7B 67 77 61 6E 6E 84 83 84 7E 83 7E 81 81 84 83 84
80 83 80 81 81 81 81 81 80 82 80 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82
82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 84 82 84 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 83 83 81 83 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 84 82 84 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 84 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 84 82 84 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 84
82 84 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 83 83 84 84 96
96 A2 8B A2 60 8B 38 60 38 79 79 98 98 A4 99 A0 97 99 94 97
83 94 7D 83 7A 7D 7B 7B 7B 7C 7C 7D 7D 82 82 83 83 83 83 83
83 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83
ZOOM = FALSE
DELAY = 0.00
RANGE = 0.50
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NVT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Format - F1 (Continued)
This format includes file header, 25MULTI PLUS thickness table with waveforms (whenever present),
setup table and note table.
NVU
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
Format - F1 (Continued)
This format includes file header, 25MULTI PLUS thickness table with waveforms (whenever present),
setup table and note table.
RANGE = 1.00
DETECTION MARKER1 = 109
DETECTION MARKER2 = 0
MAIN BANG BLANK END = 16
ECHO WINDOW END = 207
INTERFACE BLANK START = 0
INTERFACE BLANK END = 0
MODE3 BLANK START = 0
MODE3 BLANK END = 0
DATAWIN 1 START = 0
DATAWIN 1 END = 0
DATAWIN 2 START = 0
DATAWIN 2 END = 0
RECTIFICATION = RF
OK
SU # VEL(/uS) DIFF LO-ALM HI-ALM UNITS
0002 0.22600 1.000 0.000 20.000 IN
OK
CODE COMMENT
A 001
B 002
C 003
D 004
OK
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
NVV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Format - F2
This format includes file header, 25MULTI PLUS thickness table, setup table and note table and excludes
waveform.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
FILE NAME: A0000001
FILE TYPE: INCREMENTAL
FILE DESCRIPTION: DEMO OUTPUT FORMAT
INSPECTOR ID: PANAMETRICS TESTER 9999999999999
LOCATION NOTE: WALTHAM MA 02453 USA
FILE DELETE PROTECTION: ON
OK
IDENTIFIER
0000000001
0000000002
0000000003
OK
THICKNESS
0.289 IN
0.386 IN
0.483 IN
OMM
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
Format - F3
This format includes 25MULTI PLUS thickness table with waveforms (whenever present) setup table,
application setup table and note table and excludes fileheader.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
IDENTIFIER THICKNESS UNITS FLAGS NOTES SU #
0000000001
0.289 IN M--1WF AB 0002
PIXEL AMPLITUDES
00 9E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 14 04 14 04 35
35 67 67 7C 6C 77 69 73 73 84 82 84 7E 82 7F 81 81 83 82 83
80 82 80 81 81 82 81 82 81 83 81 81 81 82 81 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83
82 82 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82
81 82 81 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83
82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82 81 81 81 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 83 81 82 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82 81 82 82 83 83 86
86 9C 9C A7 7A A7 4F 7A 36 4F 41 64 64 9C 96 9C 94 96 94 96
91 96 84 91 80 84 7E 80 7D 7E 7C 7D 7C 7D 7D 80 80 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 82
82 82 82 83 81 82 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82
81 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
81 82 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 82 82 83 82 83 82 84 84 84 83 84
83 83 83 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 81 82 80 81 80 81 81 82 81 81
81 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 81 82 81 82 82 82 82 82
ZOOM = FALSE
DELAY = 0.00
RANGE = 0.50
DETECTION MARKER1 = 132
DETECTION MARKER2 = 0
MAIN BANG BLANK END = 24
ECHO WINDOW END = 207
INTERFACE BLANK START = 0
INTERFACE BLANK END = 0
MODE3 BLANK START = 0
MODE3 BLANK END = 0
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
OMN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Format - F3 (Continued)
This format includes 25MULTI PLUS thickness table with waveforms (whenever present) setup table,
application setup table and note table and excludes fileheader.
DATAWIN 1 START = 0
DATAWIN 1 END = 0
DATAWIN 2 START = 0
DATAWIN 2 END = 0
RECTIFICATION = RF
0000000002
0.386 IN M--1WF CD 0002
PIXEL AMPLITUDES
00 9D 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 03 00 1F
1F 5C 5C 7B 67 77 61 6E 6E 84 83 84 7E 83 7E 81 81 84 83 84
80 83 80 81 81 81 81 81 80 82 80 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82
82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 84 82 84 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 83 83 81 83 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 84 82 84 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 84 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 84 82 84 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 84
82 84 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 83 83 84 84 96
96 A2 8B A2 60 8B 38 60 38 79 79 98 98 A4 99 A0 97 99 94 97
83 94 7D 83 7A 7D 7B 7B 7B 7C 7C 7D 7D 82 82 83 83 83 83 83
83 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83
ZOOM = FALSE
DELAY = 0.00
RANGE = 0.50
DETECTION MARKER1 = 171
DETECTION MARKER2 = 0
MAIN BANG BLANK END = 24
ECHO WINDOW END = 207
INTERFACE BLANK START = 0
INTERFACE BLANK END = 0
MODE3 BLANK START = 0
OMO
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
Format - F3 (Continued)
This format includes 25MULTI PLUS thickness table with waveforms (whenever present) setup table,
application setup table and note table and excludes fileheader.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
OMP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Format - F3 (Continued)
This format includes 25MULTI PLUS thickness table with waveforms (whenever present) setup table,
application setup table and note table and excludes fileheader.
CODE COMMENT
A 001
B 002
OMQ
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
Format - F3 (Continued)
This format includes 25MULTI PLUS thickness table with waveforms (whenever present) setup table,
application setup table and note table and excludes fileheader.
C 003
D 004
OK
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
OMR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Format - F4
This format includes only thickness information.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+0.289
+0.386
+0.483
Format - F5
This format includes 25MULTI PLUS thickness table, setup table and excludes fileheader and waveform.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
IDENTIFIER
0000000001
0000000002
0000000003
OK
THICKNESS
0.289 IN
0.386 IN
0.483 IN
UNITS
M--1WF
M--1WF
M--1WF
FLAGS SU #
0002
0002
0002
OMS
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
Format - F6
This format includes 25MULTI PLUS thickness table (no id header) with waveforms (whenever present),
setup table, application setup table and statistics and excludes fileheader and note table.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
0000000001
0.289 IN M--1WF AB 0002
PIXEL AMPLITUDES
00 9E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 14 04 14 04 35
35 67 67 7C 6C 77 69 73 73 84 82 84 7E 82 7F 81 81 83 82 83
80 82 80 81 81 82 81 82 81 83 81 81 81 82 81 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83
82 82 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82
81 82 81 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83
82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82 81 81 81 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 83 81 82 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82 81 82 82 83 83 86
86 9C 9C A7 7A A7 4F 7A 36 4F 41 64 64 9C 96 9C 94 96 94 96
91 96 84 91 80 84 7E 80 7D 7E 7C 7D 7C 7D 7D 80 80 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 82
82 82 82 83 81 82 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82
81 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
81 82 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 82 82 83 82 83 82 84 84 84 83 84
83 83 83 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 81 82 80 81 80 81 81 82 81 81
81 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 81 82 81 82 82 82 82 82
ZOOM = FALSE
DELAY = 0.00
RANGE = 0.50
DETECTION MARKER1 = 132
DETECTION MARKER2 = 0
MAIN BANG BLANK END = 24
ECHO WINDOW END = 207
INTERFACE BLANK START = 0
INTERFACE BLANK END = 0
MODE3 BLANK START = 0
MODE3 BLANK END = 0
DATAWIN 1 START = 0
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
OMT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Format - F6 (Continued)
This format includes 25MULTI PLUS thickness table (no id header) with waveforms (whenever present),
setup table, application setup table and statistics and excludes fileheader and note table.
DATAWIN 1 END = 0
DATAWIN 2 START = 0
DATAWIN 2 END = 0
RECTIFICATION = RF
0000000002
0.386 IN M--1WF CD 0002
PIXEL AMPLITUDES
00 9D 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 03 00 1F
1F 5C 5C 7B 67 77 61 6E 6E 84 83 84 7E 83 7E 81 81 84 83 84
80 83 80 81 81 81 81 81 80 82 80 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82
82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 84 82 84 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 83 83 81 83 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 84 82 84 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 84 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 84 82 84 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 84
82 84 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 83 83 84 84 96
96 A2 8B A2 60 8B 38 60 38 79 79 98 98 A4 99 A0 97 99 94 97
83 94 7D 83 7A 7D 7B 7B 7B 7C 7C 7D 7D 82 82 83 83 83 83 83
83 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83
ZOOM = FALSE
DELAY = 0.00
RANGE = 0.50
DETECTION MARKER1 = 171
DETECTION MARKER2 = 0
MAIN BANG BLANK END = 24
ECHO WINDOW END = 207
INTERFACE BLANK START = 0
INTERFACE BLANK END = 0
MODE3 BLANK START = 0
MODE3 BLANK END = 0
OMU
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
Format - F6 (Continued)
This format includes 25MULTI PLUS thickness table (no id header) with waveforms (whenever present),
setup table, application setup table and statistics and excludes fileheader and note table.
DATAWIN 1 START = 0
DATAWIN 1 END = 0
DATAWIN 2 START = 0
DATAWIN 2 END = 0
RECTIFICATION = RF
0000000003
0.483 IN M--1WF
0002
PIXEL AMPLITUDES
00 9C 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 7A 62 7A 6F 85 7D 83 81 84
80 83 81 82 80 81 81 82 81 82 82 82 81 82 81 82 81 82 82 82
82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 83 82 83 82 82 82 83
82 83 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 81 83 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83
82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 82
82 83 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83
82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 83 82 83 81 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 84
82 84 82 83 82 83 82 84 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 88 88 A2
40 A2 36 7B 7B AD 91 A6 80 91 78 80 79 80 80 84 82 84 82 83
82 83 81 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 81 82 82 83
81 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 83 82 82
80 82 80 82 82 84 83 84 83 84 82 83 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 83
82 83 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 83
82 83 82 83 82 83 81 82 81 82 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 83
82 83 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 83 82 83 82 82
82 82 82 83 83 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82 81 84 84 8D 6B 8D 63 83 83 A1
ZOOM = FALSE
DELAY = 0.00
RANGE = 1.00
DETECTION MARKER1 = 109
DETECTION MARKER2 = 0
MAIN BANG BLANK END = 16
ECHO WINDOW END = 207
INTERFACE BLANK START = 0
INTERFACE BLANK END = 0
MODE3 BLANK START = 0
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
OMV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Format - F6 (Continued)
This format includes 25MULTI PLUS thickness table (no id header) with waveforms (whenever present),
setup table, application setup table and statistics and excludes fileheader and note table.
ONM
:3
: 0.386 IN
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
Format - F6 (Continued)
This format includes 25MULTI PLUS thickness table (no id header) with waveforms (whenever present),
setup table, application setup table and statistics and excludes fileheader and note table.
MEDIAN
: 0.386 IN
STD. DEVIATION : 0.097 IN
# OF HIGH ALARM : 0
% OF HIGH ALARM : 0 %
# OF LOW ALARM : 0
% OF LOW ALARM : 0 %
# OF MINS : 1
MIN. VALUE : 0.289 IN
# OF MAXS : 1
MAX. VALUE : 0.483 IN
OK
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
ONN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Format - F7
This is in conformance with the 26DL PLUS 16-character id format. This format includes 26DL PLUS
thickness table (no id header) in 16-character id format with waveforms (whenever present) and setup
table and note table.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
0000000001
0.289 IN M--1W- 0002
PIXEL AMPLITUDES
32 00 00 00 06 24 22 26 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26
34 34 18 32 30 30 26 24 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
ZOOM = FALSE
DELAY = 0.00
RANGE = 0.50
DETECTION MARKER1 = 66
DETECTION MARKER2 = 0
MAIN BANG BLANK END = 12
ECHO WINDOW END = 103
INTERFACE BLANK START = 0
INTERFACE BLANK END = 0
MODE3 BLANK START = 0
MODE3 BLANK END = 0
DATAWIN 1 START = 0
DATAWIN 1 END = 0
DATAWIN 2 START = 0
DATAWIN 2 END = 0
RECTIFICATION = RF
0000000002
0.386 IN
PIXEL AMPLITUDES
32 00 00 00 00 23 22 26 25 26
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 26 26 25 25 25 25 25 25
ONO
M--1W- 0002
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
Format - F7 (Continued)
This is in conformance with the 26DL PLUS 16-character id format. This format includes 26DL PLUS
thickness table (no id header) in 16-character id format with waveforms (whenever present) and setup
table and note table.
25 25 25 26 25 25 25 26 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 25
25 25 25 25 26 26 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 30
33 27 31 34 31 30 24 24 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
ZOOM = FALSE
DELAY = 0.00
RANGE = 0.50
DETECTION MARKER1 = 85
DETECTION MARKER2 = 0
MAIN BANG BLANK END = 12
ECHO WINDOW END = 103
INTERFACE BLANK START = 0
INTERFACE BLANK END = 0
MODE3 BLANK START = 0
MODE3 BLANK END = 0
DATAWIN 1 START = 0
DATAWIN 1 END = 0
DATAWIN 2 START = 0
DATAWIN 2 END = 0
RECTIFICATION = RF
0000000003
0.483 IN
PIXEL AMPLITUDES
32 00 23 26 26 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 26 26 26 25 25 33
33 36 29 26 26 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 26 26 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 28 33
ZOOM = FALSE
DELAY = 0.00
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
M--1W- 0002
ONP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Format - F7 (Continued)
This is in conformance with the 26DL PLUS 16-character id format. This format includes 26DL PLUS
thickness table (no id header) in 16-character id format with waveforms (whenever present) and setup
table and note table.
RANGE = 1.00
DETECTION MARKER1 = 54
DETECTION MARKER2 = 0
MAIN BANG BLANK END = 8
ECHO WINDOW END = 103
INTERFACE BLANK START = 0
INTERFACE BLANK END = 0
MODE3 BLANK START = 0
MODE3 BLANK END = 0
DATAWIN 1 START = 0
DATAWIN 1 END = 0
DATAWIN 2 START = 0
DATAWIN 2 END = 0
RECTIFICATION = RF
OK
SU # VEL(/uS) DIFF LO-ALM HI-ALM UNITS
0002 0.22600 1.000 0.000 20.000 IN
OK
CODE COMMENT
A 001
B 002
C 003
D 004
OK
ONQ
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
Format - F8
This is in conformance with the 26DL PLUS 16-character id format. This format includes 26DL PLUS
thickness table (no id header) in 16-character id format without waveforms, setup table and note table.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
0000000001
0.289 IN M--1W- 0002
0000000002
0.386 IN M--1W- 0002
0000000003
0.483 IN M--1W- 0002
OK
SU # VEL(/uS) DIFF LO-ALM HI-ALM UNITS
0002 0.22600 1.000 0.000 20.000 IN
OK
CODE COMMENT
A 001
B 002
C 003
D 004
OK
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
ONR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Format - F9
This is in conformance with the 26DL PLUS 12-character id format. This format includes 26DL PLUS
thickness table with waveforms (whenever present) in 12-character id format and setup table.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
IDENTIFIER THICKNESS UNITS FLAGS SU #
0000000001 0.289 IN M--1WA 0002
PIXEL AMPLITUDES
32 00 00 00 06 24 22 26 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26
34 34 18 32 30 30 26 24 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
ZOOM = FALSE
DELAY = 0.00
RANGE = 0.50
DETECTION MARKER1 = 66
DETECTION MARKER2 = 0
MAIN BANG BLANK END = 12
ECHO WINDOW END = 103
INTERFACE BLANK START = 0
INTERFACE BLANK END = 0
MODE3 BLANK START = 0
MODE3 BLANK END = 0
DATAWIN 1 START = 0
DATAWIN 1 END = 0
DATAWIN 2 START = 0
DATAWIN 2 END = 0
RECTIFICATION = RF
0000000002 0.386 IN M--1WC 0002
PIXEL AMPLITUDES
32 00 00 00 00 23 22 26 25 26
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 26 26 25 25 25 25 25 25
ONS
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
Format - F9 (Continued)
This is in conformance with the 26DL PLUS 12-character id format. This format includes 26DL PLUS
thickness table with waveforms (whenever present) in 12-character id format and setup table.
25 25 25 26 25 25 25 26 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 25
25 25 25 25 26 26 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 30
33 27 31 34 31 30 24 24 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
ZOOM = FALSE
DELAY = 0.00
RANGE = 0.50
DETECTION MARKER1 = 85
DETECTION MARKER2 = 0
MAIN BANG BLANK END = 12
ECHO WINDOW END = 103
INTERFACE BLANK START = 0
INTERFACE BLANK END = 0
MODE3 BLANK START = 0
MODE3 BLANK END = 0
DATAWIN 1 START = 0
DATAWIN 1 END = 0
DATAWIN 2 START = 0
DATAWIN 2 END = 0
RECTIFICATION = RF
0000000003 0.483 IN M--1W- 0002
PIXEL AMPLITUDES
32 00 23 26 26 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 26 26 26 25 25 33
33 36 29 26 26 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 26 26 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 28 33
ZOOM = FALSE
DELAY = 0.00
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
ONT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Format - F9 (Continued)
This is in conformance with the 26DL PLUS 12-character id format. This format includes 26DL PLUS
thickness table with waveforms (whenever present) in 12-character id format and setup table.
RANGE = 1.00
DETECTION MARKER1 = 54
DETECTION MARKER2 = 0
MAIN BANG BLANK END = 8
ECHO WINDOW END = 103
INTERFACE BLANK START = 0
INTERFACE BLANK END = 0
MODE3 BLANK START = 0
MODE3 BLANK END = 0
DATAWIN 1 START = 0
DATAWIN 1 END = 0
DATAWIN 2 START = 0
DATAWIN 2 END = 0
RECTIFICATION = RF
OK
SU # VEL(/uS) DIFF LO-ALM HI-ALM UNITS
0002 0.22600 1.000 0.000 20.000 IN
OK
ONU
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
Format - F10
This is in conformance with the 26DL PLUS 12-character id format. This format includes 26DL PLUS
thickness table without waveforms in 12-character id format and setup table.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
IDENTIFIER THICKNESS UNITS FLAGS SU #
0000000001 0.289 IN M--1WA 0002
0000000002 0.386 IN M--1WC 0002
0000000003 0.483 IN M--1W- 0002
OK
SU # VEL(/uS) DIFF LO-ALM HI-ALM UNITS
0002 0.22600 1.000 0.000 20.000 IN
OK
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
ONV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Thickness Table: A thickness table consists of a header line, thickness data and
waveform data. The thickness table has some differences in the different formats.
There are six flags associated with each thickness reading in the Thickness Table. In
formats F-1 and F-2, the sixth flag is DN Flag; while in format F-5, the sixth flag
represents a comment code. These are positional and their possible values are shown
below:
Flag
Flag Condition
FLAG #1
M = Normal Meas
L = Normal LOS
FLAG #2
Differential Mode
D-Differential Mode
d -% Differential Mode
Remarks
Measured Echo
Loss Of Signal
Standard Alarm
A-Alarm Mode
H-High Alarm
L-Low Alarm
Percent Previous Mode
p-Alarm Mode
r-Reduction Alarm
g-Growth Alarm
Absolute Previous Alarm Mode
P-Alarm mode
R-Reduction Alarm
G-Growth Alarm
FLAG #3
- = None
m = Minimum
M = Maximum
No Min., No Max.
Minimum reading
Maximum reading
FLAG #4
- = Default Gain
G = Gain Mode
FLAG #5
- = No Waveform
W = Waveform
No stored waveform
Waveform stored
FLAG #6
(F1, F2)
T = DN True
F = DN False
Downloaded or created ID
Data stored
FLAG #6
(F5 to F8)
- = No Comment
A thru Z = Comment Code
No comment stored
Comment code
Table 17
Flag Conditions
A single line consisting of the text OK immediately follows the end of the Thickness
Table.
OOM
^=a=J=a~~=l=c~
Setup Table: This table consists of a header line followed by 1 to 32 data lines. There is
one data line for each unique setup listed in the thickness table. In general, many
thicknesses/waveforms may share a common setup. The number of setups is limited to
64. When the setup table is full, any new setups are allocated the #00 and this entry in
the setup table indicates such status. Setup table has some differences in the different
formats.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
OON
j=ORjriqf=mirp
OOO
^=b=J=o=`=s~=opJOPO
This section describes all Multi-Character commands and illustrates the syntax used with
each command.
Note:
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
Commands are case sensitive and, if appropriate, terminated with a carriagereturn line-feed pair i.e., ( /r/n ) .
OOP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
File Directory
This command instructs the gage to send to the host, (the sender of the command) the file
directory that exists on the gage. Refer to Panametrics-NDTTM document 25 series FTP
for details on the format received data.
Command FORMAT:
FILEDIR?\r\n
This command instructs the gage to send to the host, (the sender of the command) a file
that exists on the gage. Refer to Panametrics-NDT document 25 series FTP for details on
the file received by the host.
Command FORMAT:
FILEREAD?\2\r\n
\3
Notes:
\2 is an escape sequence meaning the ASCII data 2 hex, 2 decimal or the STX
character.
\3 is an escape sequence meaning the ASCII data 3 hex, 3 decimal or the ETX
character.
See Panametrics-NDTTM document 25 series FTP for the definition of a FREAD
INFO block,
File Write
This command instructs the gage to prepare for receiving a file that is sent by the host, (the
sender of the command). Refer to Panametrics-NDT document 25 series FTP for details
on the file data format.
Command FORMAT:
FILEWRITE=\2\r\n
\3
Notes:
\2 is an escape sequence meaning the ASCII data 2 hex, 2 decimal or the STX
character.
OOQ
^=b=J=o=`=s~=opJOPO
\3 is an escape sequence meaning the ASCII data 3 hex, 3 decimal or the ETX
character.
See Panametrics-NDTTM document 25 series FTP for the definition of the required
INFO blocks used,
File Delete
This command instructs the gage to delete a file that is on the gage. Refer to PanametricsNDT document 25 series FTP for definition of filedelete packet.
Command FORMAT:
FILEDELETE\2\r\n
Communication ProtocolChange
This command instructs the gage to change the communication protocol from multiple to
single.
Command FORMAT:
PROTO=SINGLE\r\n
APPSUDIR?\r\n
This command instructs the gage to send to the host, (the sender of the command) the
application setup that is requested. Refer to Panametrics-NDT document 25 series FTP
for details on the APP SU INDEX block and APP SU INFO block sent to the host.
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
OOR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
\3
\r is an escape sequence for carriage return.
\n is an escape sequence for line-feed.
\2 is an escape sequence meaning the ASCII data 2 hex, 2 decimal or the STX
character.
\3 is an escape sequence meaning the ASCII data 3 hex, 3 decimal or the ETX
character.
This command instructs the gage to receive an application setup that is sent to the host,
(the sender of the command).Refer to Panametrics-NDTTM document 25 series FTP for
details on the APP SU INDEX block and APP SU INFO block sent to the host.
Command FORMAT: APPSUWRITE=\2\r\n
APP SU INDEX block
APP SU INFO block
\3
\r is an escape sequence for carriage return.
\ n is an escape sequence for line-feed.
\2 is an escape sequence meaning the ASCII data 2 hex, 2 decimal or the STX
character.
\3 is an escape sequence meaning the ASCII data 3 hex, 3 decimal or the ETX
character.
Notes:
Refer to 26DLP manual for further details.
This command instructs the gage to make the given application setup the active
setup.Refer to Panametrics-NDTTM document 25 series FTP for details on the APP SU
INDEX block.
Command FORMAT:
APPSUWRITE=\2\r\n
OOS
^=b=J=o=`=s~=opJOPO
Units Get
This command instructs the gage to send the current units (IN/MM) to the host.
Command FORMAT:
UNITS?\r\n
Version Get
This command instructs the gage to send the current software version of the gage to the
host.
Command FORMAT:
VER?\r\n
Range Send
This command instructs the gage to do a range send of all of the IDs in the current file to
the host.
Command FORMAT:
ntt
Go to Monitor Mode
MONITOR=GO\r\n
Mode Get
This command instructs the gage to send the current Measurement mode (1,2,3) of the
gage to the host.
Command FORMAT:
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
MODE?\r\n
OOT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Single-Character Commands
This section describes all Single-Character commands and illustrates the syntax used with
each command.
Command Name
ASCII
Character
Dec
Hex
Corresponding
Gage Key
Stroke(s)
Setup Adjust
33
21
[2nd], [1]
Units
35
23
[2nd], [3]
Meas Rate
36
24
[2nd], [4]
Min/Max
37
25
[2nd], [5]
Hold/Blank
&
38
26
[2nd], [7]
Diff
40
28
[2nd], [9]
Sp Mode
41
29
[2nd], [0]
Alarm
42
2A
[2nd], [8]
Number 0
48
30
[0]
Number 1
49
31
[1]
Number 2
50
32
[2]
Number 3
51
33
[3]
Number 4
52
34
[4]
Number 5
53
35
[5]
Number 6
54
36
[6]
Number 7
55
37
[7]
Number 8
56
38
[8]
Number 9
57
39
[9]
Resolution
64
40
[2nd], [2]
LCD Adjust
66
42
[2nd], [Light]
Cal Lock
67
43
[6], [3]
Simultaneously
Slew Down
68
44
[ ]
Clear Memory
69
45
[2nd], [File]
Table 18
OOU
COMMAND Syntax
Command Syntax
^=b=J=o=`=s~=opJOPO
Command Name
ASCII
Character
Dec
Hex
Corresponding
Gage Key
Stroke(s)
Rectification
70
46
[2nd], [Freeze]
Gain Optimization
71
47
[2nd], [Gain]
Clear Memory
69
45
[2nd], [File]
Rectification
70
46
[2nd], [Freeze]
Gain Optimization
71
47
[2nd], [Gain]
Echo to Echo
72
48
[2nd], [Zoom]
Note
73
49
[2nd], [ID#]
Slew Left
76
4C
[ ]
Escape
77
4D
[2nd], [Meas]
Slew Right
82
52
[ ]
84
54
[2nd], [Send]
Slew up
85
55
[ ]
Zoom
90
5A
[Zoom]
File
92
5C
[File]
Status
94
5E
[2nd], [6]
Alarm
97
61
[2nd], [8]
Light
98
62
[Light]
Cal
99
63
[Cal]
Diff
100
64
[2nd], [9]
Clear Memory
101
65
[2nd], [FILE]
Freeze
102
66
[Freeze]
Recall Setup
103
67
[RECALL
SETUP]
ID
105
69
[ID#]
Delay
108
6C
[2nd], [Range]
Meas
109
6D
[Meas]
Send
110
6E
[Send]
Table 18
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
COMMAND Syntax
OOV
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Command Name
COMMAND Syntax
ASCII
Character
Dec
Hex
Corresponding
Gage Key
Stroke(s)
Enter
112
70
[Enter]
Range
114
72
[Range]
Save
115
73
[Save]
Single Send
116
74
[Send]
Units
117
75
[2nd], [3]
Velocity
118
76
[Vel]
119
77
None
Setup Adjust
120
78
[2nd], [1]
Zero
122
7A
[Zero]
Communication
Protocol change
43
2B
None
Note: Changes
comm protocol
from single to
multicharacter.
Table 18
OPM
^=c=J=^=~=o~=m~
Description
Part #
Carrying Case
36DLPLUS/CC
26DLPLUS/HDC
36DLP/SPC/KIT
Manual
910-231
25DLP/PIC
Interface Program
CD-ROM (Standard)
3 1/2" DD Diskette (Upon Request)
WIN25DLPLUS
36PR
36PRE
80PP
36DLP/PS
36DLP/BP
36DLP/AA
Software Upgrade
25MMP/SU
36DLP/RSA/H
36DLP/RSE/H
36DLP/RSA
36DLP/RSE
25MMP/EW
36DLP/BCW
36DLC/9F-6
36DLC/9F-12
36DLC/25M-6
36DLC/25M-12
Table 19
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
OPN
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Description
Part #
36DLC/25F-6
36DLC/25F-12
36DLC/9M/PR-6
36CAPLUS
2111
1514
Australia
1515
United Kingdom
1516
Italy
1517
Denmark
1518
1519
COUPLANT
Propylene Glycol
Glycerin
Gel Type
TEST BLOCKS
5-Step, 1018 Steel
English Units; .100", .200", .300", .400", .500"
2214E
2214M
5-Step, Aluminum
English Units; .100", .200", .300", .400", .500"
2213E
2212E
2218E
2218M
Table 19
OPO
^=c=J=^=~=o~=m~
Description
Part #
2219E
2219M
Table 19
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
OPP
j=ORjriqf=mirp
OPQ
Index
Numerics
2-D Matrix Grid file type 122126
2-D Matrix Grid with Custom Point
file type 126129
3-D Custom file type 132135
3-D Matrix Grid file type 129132
A
Accessories and replacement parts
231233
Active measurement 57
changing 5759
Alarm
High/Low 68
Previous Thickness 7072
Standard 6870
Application setups 185
Audience 18
B
Backlight 50, 78
Bar Code Wand 153154
Battery
AA alkaline 29, 30
charging 2930
internal 6V 29
NiCad battery pack 29
replacing 30
status meter 29
troubleshooting 172
Beeper Tone 75
Blank mode 73
C
Calibrating 42, 45, 185
Mode 1 with Barrier Layer 45
Mode 2 with Barrier Layer 46
Velocity and Zero 4243
Velocity only 4344
Zero only 4445
Calibration lock 73
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
Charger
toubleshooting 172
Clock 88
Comment table
creating or editing from a
computer 141
creating or editing from the Model
25MULTI PLUS 141
deleting comments 141
Comments 109110
saving 147
Communication mode 8182
Communication parameters 163165
Communication reset 166167, 167
168
Continuous output option 83
Creating files
from a computer 111
from the Model 25MULTI PLUS
112113
Custom setups 89
D
Data
erasing data in an active/open
file 151
saving 143
Data files
creating 110
Data output formats 165166, 195
221
Database
erasing 152153
Datalogger 105107
comment structure 109110
file name header structure 108
file name structure 107
identifier (ID number) structure
107108
oganizing 107
Datalogger resets 166167
DBase reset 168169
OPR
j=ORjriqf=mirp
DBase tracking 84
Default setup 3941
Delay function 4748
Detect mode 8991
Mode 1 8990
Mode 2 90
Mode 3 9091
Diagnostics mode 84, 173174
error status 86, 176
hardware control 85
hardware status 85, 174176
keypad test 85, 174
video display test 85, 174
Differential mode
Normal Differential 6162
Percent Ratio 62
Display 2729
Documentation
related documentation 20
revision history 20
sending comments 20
typographic conventions 19
E
Echo 1 Detect 9798
Echo 2 Detect 9798
Echo Window
viewing 9597
Edit ID mode 149151
Editing commands 110111
Erasing data 151153
Error messages 172
F
File
copying 136137
deleting 138139
editing/renaming 139140
erasing 152
opening 135136
File name header structure 108
File name structure 107
OPS
File type
2-D Matrix Grid 122126
2-D Matrix Grid with Custom
Point 126129
3-D Custom 132135
3-D Matrix Grid 129132
Incremental 113116
Sequential 116118
Sequential with Custom Point
119121
Filled trace 7778
Freeze mode 7374
Full Wave 74
H
Half Wave Negative 74
Half Wave Positive 74
Help 176
Hold mode 73
I
ID number structure 107108
ID overwrite protection 8081
Inactive time 76
Incremental 113
Incremental file type 113116
Initial Gain
defining 9394
Interface Blank 99100
K
Key selection
saving 79
Keypad functions 2127
L
Language 76
M
Main Bang Blank
viewing 9495
Maintenance
routine 171
transducers 172
Maximum Gain
defining 9293
Maximum measure mode 28
Maximum thickness mode 6667
MeasType 91
Measurement
troubleshooting 173
Measurement Display Update Rate
6365
Measurement mode
Mode 1 32
Mode 2 32
Mode 3 32
Measurement Setup mode 75
Backlight 78
Beeper Tone 75
filled trace 7778
Inactive time 76
Language 76
Radix Point 76
Supervisor Lock 79
unfilled trace 7778
Metric units 74
Minimum measure mode 28
Minimum thickness mode 6566
Mode 1 Barrier Layer measurement
101102
Mode 2 Barrier Layer measurement
102103
Mode 3 Echo Blank 100101
Multi-Measurement description 51
52
Multi-Measurement feature 5051
Multi-measurement mode
auto-increment active 145
save active 144
saving thickness readings 144
147
N
operating 5253
Note
copying 142143
P
PCT Thickness mode 52
operating 5557
Performance and accuracy 3335
Probe type
defining 91
Product description 17
Pulser power
effects 92
Q
Quick setup 41, 81
R
Radix Point 76
Range
adjusting 4647
Receiving files from a computer 161
162
Rectification mode 74
Full Wave 74
Half Wave Negative 74
Half Wave Positive 74
Remote Control
via RS-232 223230
Reports
generating 154156
Resets 86
communication reset 87, 167168
DBase reset 87, 168169
master reset 88
measurement reset 86
Review ID mode 148149
RS-232 cables 162
S
Sending a range of ID numbers from a
file 159160
Normal mode 51
m~=@=VNMJOPN_
OPT
j=ORjriqf=mirp
Sending a snapshot
to a printer 161
using the WIN25DL PLUS, to a
computer 160
Sending entire files to computer or
printer 158159
Sequential file type 116118
Sequential with Custom Point file
type 119121
Serial communications 162
Serial interface
electrical definition and data
format 194
mechanical description 193194
Setup adjustment 101
Setup name
defining 91
Setup parameters 103104
Setup, initial 3738
Single send to a computer or printer
160
Soft Contact mode 52
operating 5355
Sound velocities 191192
SP modes 7475
Standard editing commands 110111
Summarizing 21
Supervisor Lock 79
T
TDG Slope
defining 94
Technical specifications 177190
battery and charger 188
datalogger 181183
display 178
functions 183185
OPU
general 188
measurement 180181
packaging 177
power 177
special gage functions 189190
Theory of operation 3133
Thickness and Waveform
saving 144
Thickness measurements
making 38
Thickness readings
saving 144
Thickness resolution
changing 7273
Transducer Setup
uploading/downloading to a
computer 162
Transmitting data to a computer or
printer 157158
Typographic conventions 19
U
Unfilled trace 7778
User-Defined setup 3941
W
Warranty 3
WIN25DL PLUS interface program
169
Z
Zoom mode 28, 48
Mode 1 48
Mode 2 49
Mode 3 49
Documentation Comments
Panametrics-NDTTM is always interested in improving its documentation. Please
complete this questionnaire and return your responses to:
Panametrics-NDT
Attention: NDT Marketing Dept., Technical Publications
You can also email your comments to: info@Panametrics-NDT.com, Attention
Technical Publications.
Thank you for helping us improve our documentation!
Note:
The following questionnaire is adapted from the Judging Form from the
Boston Chapter, Society for Technical Communication, Technical
Publications Competition, and Revision Checklist from John Lannons
Technical Writing, Seventh Edition (Addison Wesley Longman, 1997).
In the sections that follow, please rate the usability of the document according to the
following rating system:
1 - Poor
2 - Below Average
3 - Average
4 - Above Average
5 - Excellent
Organization
Content
Is everything accurate?
Are the tone and style appropriate for the purpose and audience? 1
Is terminology consistent?
Overall Document
Illustrations
Additional Comments
Which topics are not covered that you would like to see covered in the next revision?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Errors found in this manual:
Page
Description of Error
_______
________________________________________________________
_______
________________________________________________________
_______
________________________________________________________