1.

SOCIAL DIMENSION OF EDUCATION Presented by: Orlaine Gamilla, Michelle Sabelo

and Fressette Vinson
2. Society Sociologist Education Theories Consensus Conflict Interaction
Socio- Cultural Socio-Political Socio-Economic Socio-Psychological Topics:
3. Origin of Sociology of Education The sociology of education is the study of how social
institutions and individual experiences affects education and its outcome. It is relatively a
new branch and two great sociologist mile Durkheim and Max Weber were the father of
sociology of education. mile Durkheim's work on moral education as a basis for social
solidarity is considered the beginning of sociology of education.
4. Sociologists see education as one of the major institutions that constitutes society. While
theories guide research and policy formulation in the sociology of education. This theories
help sociologists understand educational systems.
5. Sociology The word Sociology originates from latin prefix :socius, "companion"; and the
suffix -ology, "the study of", from Greek lgos, "knowledge" . Sociology is the systematic
study of society.Sociology encompasses all the elements of society ie social relation, social
stratification, social interaction, culture.
6. Society : people in general thought of as living together in organized communities with
shared laws, traditions, and values : the people of a particular country, area, time, etc.,
thought of especially as an organized community
7. Education Education is a broad concept, referring to all the experiences in which
learners can learn something . It is a social endeavour designed to get the maximum from
the ability of each of the member of the society. Education is covers both the teaching,
learning of knowledge and values. Education consists of systematic instruction, teaching
and training by professional teachers.
8. THEORIES
9. According to some sociologist; society has two faces; the face of consensus and the face
of conflict. Further, they emphasized that sociological theory should be divided into two parts
between the consensus theory and the conflict theory.
10. The proponents of consensus and conflict sociological and social theories are: Karl
Marx Emile Durkheim Max Weber Talcott Parsons & Robert Merton Louis Althusser
& Ralph Dahrendorf Herbert Mead & Herbert Blumer
11. Karl Marx Marx's class theory rests on the premise that "the history of all hitherto existing
society is the history of class struggles." According to this view, ever since human society
emerged from its primitive and relatively undifferentiated state it has remained fundamentally
divided between classes who clash in the pursuit of class interests.
12. Emile Durkheim Durkheim discusses how modern society is held together by a division of
labor that makes individuals dependent upon one another because they specialize in
different types of work. Durkheim is particularly concerned about how the division of labor
changes the way that individuals feel they are part of society as a whole.
13. Max Weber Max Weber believed that it was social actions that should be the focus of
study in sociology. To Weber, a social action was an action carried out by an individual to

which an individual attached a meaning. Therefore, an action that a person does not think
about cannot be a social action.
14. Talcott Parsons Robert Merton
15. Louis Althusser Ralf Dharendorf
16. George Herbert Mead Charles Horton Cooley
17. Conflict Theory emphasizes the role of coercion and power in producing social order.
This perspective is derived from the works of Karl Marx, who saw society as fragmented into
groups that compete for social and economic resources. According to conflict theory,
inequality exists because those in control of a disproportionate share of societys resources
actively defend their advantages.
18. The conflict model is concerned with the stresses and conflicts that emerge in society
because of competitions over scarce resources. It focuses on the inequalities that are built
into social structures rather than on those that emerge because of personal characteristics.
Social Structures produce patterns of inequality in the distribution of scarce resources.
Conflict Reorganization and Change
19. Consensus Theory Is a social theory that states that social change should occur in
institutions that are provided by a political or economic system, which is fair. The theory also
states that the absence of conflict within a society is the state of equilibrium. It is being
considered in these theories that the social order in society should be maintained, based
upon the accepted norms, values, roles or regulations that are accepted by the society in
general.
20. Consensus Theories Conflict theories See shared norms and values as fundamental to
society Emphasize the dominance of some social groups by others Focus on social order
based on tacit agreements See social order as based on manipulation and control by
dominant groups View social change as occurring in a slow and orderly fashion View social
change as occurring rapidly in a disorderly fashion as subordinate groups overthrow
dominant groups
21. Structural Functionalism Structural Functionalism states that society is made up of
various institutions that work together in cooperation. Parsons structural functionalism has
four functional imperatives also known as AGIL scheme.
22. Structural Functionalism (AGIL) 1. Adaptation a system must cope with external
situational exigencies. It must adapt to its environment and adapt environment to its needs.
2. Goal attainment- a system must define and achieve its primary goals. 3. Integration- a
system must regulate the interrelationship of its component parts. It must also manage the
relationship among the other three functional imperatives (A,G,L) 4. Latency (pattern
maintenance)- a system must furnish, maintain and renew both the motivation of individuals
and the cultural patterns that create and sustain the motivation.
23. Structure of the General Action System (Ritzer 2000) Cultural system (Latency Function)
providing actors with the norms and values that motivate them for action Social system
(Integration Function) controlling its components parts Action system (Adaptation Function)
adjusting to and transforming to the external world Personality system (Goal Attainment)
defining system goals and mobilizing resources to attain them

24. Functional Requisites of a social system 1. Social system must be structured so that they
operate compatibly with other systems. 2. To survive, the social system must have requisite
from other systems. 3. The system must meet a significant proportion of the needs of its
actors. 4. The system must elicit adequate participation from its members.
25. 5. It must have at least a minimum of control over potentially disruptive behavior. 6. If
conflict becomes sufficiently disruptive, it must be controlled. 7. Finally, a social system
requires a language in order to survive. -Talcott Parsons
26. Interaction Theory Is the relation of school and society are critiques and extensions of
the functionalist and conflict perspectives. Interactionist theories are critiques and
extensions of the functionalist and conflict perspectives.
27. This level of analysis helps us to understand education in the big picture. Interactionist
theories attempt to make the commonplace strange by turning on their heads everyday
taken-for- granted behaviors and interactions between students and students and between
students and teachers.
28. Symbolic interaction theory analyses society by addressing the subjective meanings
that people impose on objects, events, and behaviours. Has its own origin in the social
psychology of early twentieth century sociologist George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton
Cooley. This school of thought, known as symbolic interactionism, views the self as
socially constructed in relation to social forces and structures and the product of on going
negotiations of meanings. Symbolic Interactionism
29. Principles of Symbolic Interactionism 1. Human beings are endowed with the capacity for
thought. 2. The capacity for thought us shaped by social interaction 3. In social interaction,
people learn the meanings and the symbols that allow them to exercise their distinctively
human capacity for thought. 4. Meanings and symbols allow people to carry on distinctively
human action and interaction.
30. 5. People are able to modify or alter meanings and symbols that they use in action and
interaction on the basis of their interpretation of the situation. 6. People are able to make
these modifications and alterations because, in part, of their ability to interact with
themselves, which allows them ton examine possible courses of action, assess their relative
advantages and disadvantages, and then choose one. 7. The intertwined patterns of action
and interaction make up groups and societies.
31. Socio-Cultural Functions The regularization of common tasks and activities of
collective life; this function gives rise to routines, norms, public behavior and standard
operating procedures. The atonement and instilment in the social members of the
customary laws and values guide and direct the members towards enlightenment,
ennoblement, and perfectibility. The veneration of all that are beneficent to the human race
and society through the collective acts of celebration, recognition and commemoration of the
people.
32. Socio-Economic Functions Promotion of self-sufficiency for the populace by both the
government and the private sectors. Strengthening the agricultural and industrial
economies of the country. Intervention of government in anti- social business practices.
Balancing peoples needs with the countrys export business

33. Socio-Political Functions Political governance, legislation, arbitration, social service,

social assistance, security and protection, punitive sanctions, implementation of social justice
through laws, and social development.
34. References: http://ser.oxfordjournals.org http://www.merriam-webster.com
http://guides.wikinut.com/The-Consensus-And- Conflict-Theory/1anshulq/
http://psychology.about.com/ Social Dimensions of Education, Violeta A.Vega Social
Dimensions of Philippine Education, Dr. Adelaida Bago