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Balanced-Unbalanced Converter For Audio Work | DIY Electronics Projects

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If you work in the professional audio field, you need to use balanced lines for long signal runs to prevent hum and
noise pick-up. This Balanced/Unbalanced Converter is really two projects in one. It can convert an unbalanced
input to balanced outputs and vice versa.
Specifications:

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Signal to noise ratio: -100dB with respect to 1V output, 4.7kW input load.
Frequency response: -3dB at 2Hz and 200kHz.
Total harmonic distortion: less than .001% from 20Hz to 20kHz with a 1V input.
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Professional audio gear invariably has balanced inputs and outputs. However, what if you want to connect
standard audio equipment that has unbalanced outputs to equipment that has balanced inputs? Alternatively, what

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if you want to connect a balanced output signal to an unbalanced input? Either way this Balanced/Unbalanced
Converter project can do the job.
The reason professional audio equipment utilises balanced inputs and outputs is quite simple. Its done so that
audio connections can be made over quite long distances without adding extra noise to the signal. These balanced

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connections use 3-pin XLR plugs and sockets and screened twin-core cable.
Block diagram:
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Block diagram shows the basic arrangement. Basically, the audio output signal is coupled to two separate

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amplifiers and these drive the two signal leads in the cable in anti-phase (ie, the signals have opposite phases). In

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this case, Amplifier 1 has an output signal thats in phase with the input, while Amplifier 2 has an output thats
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15/01/14

Balanced-Unbalanced Converter For Audio Work | DIY Electronics Projects

opposite in phase with the input.

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Circuit looks like:

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The output impedance of each amplifier is the same and the twin-core cable carries the signal to the equipment at
the other end. However, in some cheaper balanced line drivers, one core does not carry any signal but is
grounded instead. So in this case, Amplifier 2 is left out and the left hand side of resistor R2 is grounded.
In operation, there will be some noise and hum pickup over the length of the cable even though the cable is
shielded. However, because the cores in the cable are close together, any signal that is picked up will be common
to both.
Parts layout:

At the receiving end, the signal in each of the two cores is subtracted to produce the original audio signal. At the
same time, this also removes most of the noise and hum that was picked up in the leads, since the same noise
signal is present in both.
Circuit diagram:

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Balanced-Unbalanced Converter For Audio Work | DIY Electronics Projects

Balanced-Unbalanced Converter For Audio Work Circuit Diagram

If one of the cores is grounded, as
in the1.8k
cheaper type of balanced driver, then the signal level after subtraction
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will be the same as the signal in the main core. Alternatively, if anti-phase signals are applied to both cores, the
subtraction process produces an audio signal level thats twice the level in the individual cores.

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Balanced-Unbalanced Converter For Audio Work | DIY Electronics Projects

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