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OF THE
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\ ^COLLEGE OP
BULLETIN
No. 67
Minerals of California
By
ARTHUR
S.
EAKLE,
MARCH,
Ph.D.
1914
McN. HAMILTON
STATE MINERALOGIST
F.
F.
Califobnia
State Printing Office
1914
UNlVER^ilY OF CAUFORNiA
DAVIS
MCN. HAKILTOS
^GBIQ. DEFT.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
To
to transmit
California.
This work was made possible at this date through the co-operation
Arthur
of Prof.
S.
Bureau.
and
this
own
plete
It
effort
and has
Dr.
records with those of this Department in order that the most comlist
is
hoped that
this
bulletin will
industry.
Respectfully submitted.
.4^4H4H*
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
I.
NATIVE ELEMENTS
7-23
Non-metals
Semi-metals
Metals
11
12
'-
CHAPTER
SULPHIDES
II.
24-44
24
Semi-metals
Metals
26
43
Oxisulphides
CHAPTER
III.
SALTS
45-56
45
47
47
51
Arsenides
Selenides
Tellurides
Sulphantimonites
Sulpharsenites
CHAPTER
'-
55
HALOIDS
IV.
Chlorides
Bromides
57
61
61
62
Iodides
Fluorides
CHAPTER
V.
Hydrogen
Silicon
Semi- metals
CHAPTER
VI.
Anhydrous
Hydrous
CHAPTER VIL
Anhydrous
Hydrous
CARBONATES
CHAPTER
ANHYDROUS SILICATES
VIIL
90-103
90
98
104-136
104
109
115
119
Pyroxene Group
Amphibole Group
Not Grouped
IX.
Zeolites
Micas
Brittle Micas
Chlorites
Not Grouped
Titano-silicates
CHAPTER
X.
PHOSPHATES, VANADATES,
Nitrates
Borates
Niobates-tantalates
Tungstates
175
177
177
Moly'bdates
Uranates
XI.
Anhydrous
Hydrous
Hydrocarbons
CHAPTER
137-158
137
140
145
146
148
157
159-177
159
165
166
168
168
169
174
etc
Phosphates
Vanadates
Arsenates
Antimonates
CHAPTER
63-72
63
63
70
73-89
73
86
Feldspars
CHAPTER
57-62
178-196
178
184
193
XII.
197
204
210
220
INTRODUCTION
The
and
1866.
few
scattered localities
new and
quently the
The second
list
^Mining'
State Mineralogist.
This
known
localities,
and only
;
conse-
at all representative.
appeared in 1884 as
viously
field,
list
largely unexplored
in
At that
it
of California minerals
first list
Fourth Annual
a part of the
to minerals of
economic
value.
list,
many
and described,
is
so that
much more
The present
list
districts,
minerab'.
general.
to
make
commonly
ore deposits of
counties,
State
gem and
The
the
list
sub-species
of definite
and
varieti&s.
many
number
list
known
necessarily incomplete.
same
known
it is
In
to local col-
to the author.
number.
be
few
may
it
localities are
included in the
in detail,
list,
that geolog-
under the
autlior's
INTRODUCTION.
,.,
articles
amount of
literature of a general
may
W.
The
excellent
cited
New
varieties.
given, to
The
and
this list
March, 1914.
rela-
known minerals
a chemical
more
settled
are con-
and pros-
as a check-list to
form a
CHAPTER
I.
NATIVE ELEMENTS.
yon-metals.
have been derived, and continued search may yet reveal them in siiu.
The discovery near Oroville of an apparent pipe of serpentinized rock
bearing a resemblance to the diamond pipes of South Africa has led to
some active operations on the part of the United States Diamond Mining Company, and a shaft has been sunk, which has not proved successits character from the
an interesting account
of the diamonds found during the early days of gold mining, and
Turner ^^^ contributes a short article on California diamonds.
Amador County: A few small stones have been picked up near the
towns of Volcano, Oleta and Fiddletown.
Butte County: In 1853 it was observed that diamonds occurred in
The rock
ful.
is
Hanks ^^^^
gives
More
than three hundred good diamonds have been obtained from the placers
It seems
in this district and it leads all other districts in the State.
quite probable that the source of these diamonds
vicinity.
is
Forest Hill.
About
Bar.
Trinit}^
County
INIicroscopic
its
tributaries have
of
2.
Lead.
C.
Hrrl
feel.
2; G = 2.2.
Graphite is a common constituent of crystalline limestones and is
often disseminated through the limestone in minute flakes and in larger
foliated masses.
It is also prominent as layers in some schists and
gneisses
or schist
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
No
qiialit}-
known
graphite are
to occur in
the State, but a few small deposits have been Avorked for the manufac-
Much
mixed
is
pure material is
too expensive an operation.
It is typically a constituent of metamorphic rocks and as such may be found in every county. Aubury^^^
describes some of the deposits of the State.
Calaveras County It occurs in the copper-bearing schists, and specimens have come from Copperopolis and Campo Seco.
Del Norte County The limestone near Gasquet contains foliated
so intimately
Humboldt County
Dunlap and
at
to occur in the
Santa Hosa.
Tulare County
ley,
Drum
Val-
Tuolumne County
3.
here, but
Orthorhombic.
Sulphur yellow
Yellow sulphur
color.
is
iu
small
Resinous
common
is
now produced.
SULPHUR.
Native .sulphur,
Common
none
crystal
luster.
II
S.
coatings
1.5
2.5
and
;
incrustations.
G =
2.
and
10
contact with the
air,
commonly found
in
and
as precipitations
from
solfataric waters.
It is
gypsum beds as a reduced product, and in associaNo workable deposits are known in the State. For
Colusa County
Clear Lake.
Mariposa County Crystals of sulphur have been found with cinnabar on Horseshoe Bend Mountain, near Coulterville.
San Bernardino County: Occurs at Searles Borax Lake as one of
:
the
many
the Geysers.
is
east of Fillmore,
and
Mountains.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
4.
11
ANTIMONY.
Native autimony.
Sb.
basal
cleavage.
G = 6.6o 6.72.
Metallic luster.
Vaughn.
It
mony mines
has also been found in the Buffalo mine and in the anti-
of the
of the county.
5.
ARSENIC.
Native
ai-senic,
As.
Hexagonal-rhombohedral.
H=3.5; G = 5.63
Metallic arsenic
Arsenic
doubtful.
mines, but
it
is
is
5.73.
a rare mineral
common
and
its
many
in the concentrates of
is
of the gold
tetrahedrite.
Monterey County
W.
P. Blake^^^.
This
6.
BISMUTH.
Hexagonal-rhombohedral. Usually in
arborescent-reticulated
shapes.
Color silver-white with reddish tinge, tarnishing dark brown. Luster metallic.
= 2 2.5; G = 9.70 9.83.
When
pegmatitic veins.
and copper
ores
accompany
ores
occasionally found in
i)robably
it
It is also
is
present as a sulphide.
12
San Diego County: Upwards of a hundred pounds of metallic bismuth have been obtained from the pegmatitic vein of quartz, lepidolite,
and amblygonite at the Stewart mine of the AmeriThe mineral occurred in platy and long
prismatic crystals, one of which was a pseudomorph after feldspar.
The occurrence was described by Kunz^^^ The native bismuth is also
found in small metallic cleavages in lepidolite at the Victor mine
feldspar, tourmaline
Rincon.
Rogers^^^
Tuolumne County
TELLURIUM.
7.
Hexag'onal-rliombohedral.
age.
Brittle,
H = 2. 2.5;
and
sectile.
= 6.1 6.3.
Metallic tellurium
is
prismatic
cleav-
Luster metallic.
sometimes found in association with the teland bismuth, but it is of rare occurrence.
It is occasionally
ore,
State.
Calaveras County
Carson
Hill, a
low
hill
Stanislaus River, a few miles south of Angels, was one of the most
noted places along the Mother Ijode for telluride minerals, and it was
here that the two new tellurides, calaverite and melonite were found.
foliated
Churntown.
Tuolumne County
Some
ated with tellurides of gold and silver in the mines near Tuttletown and
Jamestown.
8.
GOLD.
arborescent
gold-yellow.
Good
forms.
No
cleavage.
Common
Highly malleable
and
ductile.
and
Color
of the gold exists as the native metal, either as free gold in the
MINERALS OP CALIFORNIA.
13
mental mine, Sierra Buttes, weighed 1,596 ounces. Many valuable nuggets and masses have been found and Hanks'"*^ gives a descriptive list
of some of them.
Gold in (juartz is the usual association and the mineral is often iu the
quartz in such a finely divided state as to be invisible, even in high
grade rock. Flaky gold has been found implanted on clear quartz
and elsewhere.
Gold in pyrite, or "auriferous pyrite,"
crystals at Placerville
bearing pyrite
is
the source of
much of
common
is
abundant and
this gold-
mine, Big Bend, Butte County, at the Malakoff mine, North Bloomfield.
in the barite of
mines.
Sulphur Creek
in the cinnabar
14
chalcopyrite, chalcocite, native bismuth, stibnite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, fluorite, chalcedony, jasper, cuprite, magnetite, hematite, limonite,
and asphaltuni.
Gold
is
The
rites, rhyolites,
It
and
has been found in granites, syenites, monzonites, granodiorites, dioquartz-porphyries, andesites, porphyrites and diabases.
morphic rocks as
gneisses,
mica-schists, slates
and
quartzites,
and
in sedimentary conglomerates,
The intrusion
of the
Then followed
extensive.
15
MINERAl>S OF CALIFORNIA.
Gold Amalgam.
39.02
41.63
Nevada County
by Lindgren (^>.
Electrum.
It
is
Madera County
in Fine Gold
Gulch.
Placer County:
It
Ag
Analysis
Au
72.09 per cent
27.91
Bismuth Gold.
An
and 40
9.
SILVER.
Native
silver,
Ag.
Crystals rare.
Generally in wires, arborescent shapes and
massive.
Color silver-white but soon tarnishes to dark brown. Malleable
and ductile. Metallic luster. H==2.5
3; G = 10.5.
Isometric.
Native silver has not been found in any large masses in the State, yet
is quite universally present in the gold and copper districts,
the element
Alpine County The Silver Mountain district has yielded good specimens of native silver.
Calaveras County Occurred in arborescent forms with the copper
:
16
Inyo County
This
is
mony
and
silver-anti-
and the
and Argus ranges. Fine specimens
have come from the old Cerro Gordo district and also from the Keargranitic rock of the Inyo, Coso
Kern County
it
occurs with
and with
cobalt
at the
Canyon.
partzite.
The Diana mine and the Comaehe mine of this district have
produced good specimens. At Bodie it has been found with the coppergold ores. In the Sweetwater range, north of Bridgeport, native silver
Placer County
etc.
Plumas Countj^: Some native silver has been found in the old Pocahontas mine associated with native copper and cuprite.
San Bernardino County
The Calico
district,
known
for
its
described by Ling-
is
Bully
Hill,
mens occurred
COPPER.
10.
Good
crystals
arborescent crystallizations.
metallic.
Color copper-red.
Some
rare.
No
cleavage.
It is fre-
quently mixed with cuprite and malachite in the oxidized zone of copper
deposits, or found as coatings along the walls of copper veins, or in the
vicinity of intrusive dikes,
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Most of the
ores.
17
native copper.
Alameda County
At
the
Alma
The minerals of
occasionally found.
this
Schaller(i).
Amador County
Newton
mine.
Calaveras County
Some
especially at Copperopolis
and
at
Campo
Seco, have
produced some of
City.
Glenn County Large float pieces have been found a few miles north
Chrome Mountain and also on Elk Cteek.
Humboldt County Many specimens occur on Red Cap and Boise
creeks and also in the Horse Mountains.
Inyo County The copper deposits in the Ubehebe Mountains contain
the oxides of copper and some native copper.
Los Angeles County At the Free Cuba mine, near Acton.
Mariposa County Massive with malachite in the Copper Queen mine.
Mendocino County Sheets and grains of metallic copper occur at
Red Mountain, fifteen miles southeast of Ukiah. It is also seen in the
:
of
Lindgren^4> reported
it
18
MERCURY Quicksilver.
11.
Forms small
Color tin-white.
Brilliant
matrix which
metallic luster.
common
is
usually cinna-
G = 13.59.
in most of the cinnabar
mercuric vapors.
ill-ventilated
it
12.
LEAD.
Isometric.
leable.
Usually in
small
plates
and
pellets.
Mal-
H = 1.5; G = 11.37.
an exceedingly rare mineral and its reported occurSmall bits of lead which
is sometimes doubtful.
are now and then found in the placer gravels may be portions of lead
Metallic lead
is
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
bullets,
of
its
19
is
indicative
Kern Coimty Several pieces of metallic lead have been found in the
dry Avashings at Goler.
Placer County Small pellets of native lead have been found in a
placer mine in North Ravine, in the Edgewood district, adjoining the
Ophir district.
:
TIN.
13.
Native
Rounded
Color tin-white.
grains.
Metallic tin
Sn.
Metallic luster.
and there
a rare mineral
is
tin,
is
H = 2; G = 7.1S.
Humboldt County
sluices at Orleans.
Siskiyou County
at
14.
ZINC.
Hexasonal.
Metallic luster.
rhombohedral. Crystals
= 2; = 6.9 7.2.
very
rare.
Color
grayish
white.
Shasta County
five miles
15.
PLATINUM.
and
ductile.
= 14 19.
Gray
metallic grains
Malleable
H = 4 4.5;
Ir
21
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Observed in the sands at Callahan, Castella, Henley, Happy Camp, Sawyers Bar, Oak Bar, Fort Jones, Hornbrook,
Cecilville, Klamath River, and Rock Ranch.
Tehama County: In the sands near Beegum.
Trinity County Early observed as a constituent of the black sands
of the Trinity River and its tributaries, and nuggets weighing several
ounces have come from the county. Its presence has been shown in the
sands at Douglas City, Burnt Ranch, Junction City, Big Bar, Hawkins
Siskiyou County
Ventura County
It
and
Campton-
IRIDIUM.
16.
Native iridium,
Isometric.
Generally
grains.
in
H = 6 7; G = 22.6 22.8.
Color
Ir.
silver-white.
Metallic
luster.
with platinum.
PLATINIRIDUM.
17.
H=
Much
in
7;
grains
and
nuggets.
G = 22.65 22.84.
Color
is
light
steel-gray.
and
found along the
Trinity River.
18.
PALLADIUM.
An
Minute octahedrons.
Malleable.
Generally in grains.
associate of the
Color light
steel-
It is usually
::
22
IRIDOSMINE.
19.
This alloy
it
2.60
53.50
43.40
0.50
According
to Genth^^^ the composition of some of the gray metallic grains is
Siserkite
is
Siserkite
Platinum
48.4
Platiniridium
2.2
some
20.
21.
in alloy with
IRON.
Native
Generally
Isometric.
Metallic luster.
black.
massive.
iron, Fe.
Malleable.
Iron occurs native either as telluric iron or as meteoric iron. Telfound in basaltic rocks, but its occurrence in this
form
is
not
known
in the State.
and analysed.
Kern County:
Fe
Ni
88.02
8.88
Insol
its
Fe
88.25
Ni
11.27
Co.
0.48
= 100
per cent
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
23
Analyses
SpG
Shepard
Gehring
7.65
8.076
Trinity County
found
at
Fe
Ni
Co
94.9S
94.86
4.52
__
0.26
0.07
0.10
__
__
__
tr.
0.12
tr.
0.04
0.07
4.47
SiOa Graphite
1875.
=99.67
=99.82
to limonite.
24
CHAPTER
II.
SULPHIDES.
Semi-inetals.
Bornite
Cubanite
Stromeyerite
Sphalerite
Metaciniiabarite
Realgar
Stibnite
Bismutliiuite
Chalcopyrite
Marcasite
Cinnabar
lletals.
Molybdenite
Greenockite
Argentite
Galenite
Chaicocite
Covellite
Pyrite
OdisulphUies.
Millerite
Kermesite
Pyrrhotite
Yoltzite
REALGAR Red
23.
Arsenic.
tions.
ous luster.
Realgar
is
copper, but
H = 1.5 2;
G~3.55.
and
The more
stable
Alpine County Specimens of deep red realgar coating pyrite, occurred in the Monitor mine, associated with minute white octahedrons
:
of arsenolite.
24.
STIBNITE Antimonite.
Orthorhombic.
faces
lead-gray.
Stibnite
is
Long prismatic
and
striated
furrowed.
the
common
common
Metallic luster.
ore of antimony,
It
brachypinacoidal.
perfect
Color
H = 2; G = 4.-52 4.62.
and good deposits
of the
sehi.sts.
it is
copyrite, pyrite
and
tetrahedrite, consequently
cinnabar.
Cleavage
may
usually be found in
It is characteristically associated
with
25
MINERAI.S OF CALIFORNIA.
Calaveras County
the stibnite.
Lake County Some stibnite has been found with the cinnabar at
Sulphur Bank, on Clear Lake.
Los Angeles County: Specimens have been found in the mountains
:
south of Lancaster.
Mariposa County
the
Downieville.
Tulare County
Found
argentiferous galena.
in the Mineral
King
district as
an associate of
26
BISMUTHINITE.
25.
Usually
Orthorhombic.
fibrous
H = 2; G = 6.4 6.5.
luster.
Color
massive.
lead-gray.
Metallic
The presence of bismuth has frequently been detected in the conand copper districts but the form
it
Bismuthinite as
few localities.
Fresno County: Some small pieces were found in Lot 1 mine and in
the second Sierra mine, Kings River district.
Inyo County: Said to occur in some of the mines in the Kearsarge
a distinct mineral has only been noticed in
a.
Madera County:
Turner<^'*\
Riverside County:
26.
MOLYBDENITE.
basal.
greenish cast.
H = l. 1.5; G = 4.7.
Molybdenite is the source of the molybdenum used in steel manuThe mineral is widely
facture, for which there is some demand.
occurring
in
small
flakes
and leaves in quartz
distributed in the State,
and
crystalline rocks.
sufficiently to
pay for
its
extraction.
It
it
is
In
all
and
its
segregated
lighter
be found.
Madera Countv
Fresno Flat.
the
Speckerman mine
at
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Mariposa County
27
Napa County
In quartz on Mt.
Helena.
St.
near Truckee.
Placer County
Plumas County
district,
Broad
Lindgren^^^
district.
Found
and
district.
of Corona.
27.
ARGENTITE Silver
Sulphide of
Isometric.
Octahedral
escent
and
black.
Metallic luster.
reticulated
crystals,
shapes.
Highly
silver,
often
Color
sectile.
Glance.
AgaS.
distorted.
dark
Commonly
lead-gray
to
in
black.
H = 2 2.5; G = 7.3.
arbor-
Streak
Argentite
and
is
stephanite, polybasite
Silver
is
Alpine County: One of the sulphides of the Silver Mountain disand small octahedral crystals have come from the Advance mine.
trict,
28
Inyo County
This
is
common
in
at
Cerro Gordo.
Deep Spring
Kern County
Valley.
tetrahedrite
galena.
county have
produced some argentite, but in general the sulphide has not been
28.
Isometric.
and
fine
cubic.
G = 7.4.3.
is
a very
trict.
Plymouth and
Hill, at
Angels and in
many
of the
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
El Dorado County:
the county.
Common
Inyo County
sulphide constituent of
29
many
of the mines of
of the county.
Wing
mine.
Kern County
district.
in the
little silver
rite.
^Madera County
Raymond
district.
Mariposa County
and
it is
Mono County
This
is
Lundy
districts
and
It is
very
at the claims
common
in the
on the Sweetwater
Range.
Nevada County
Found
of the
'
county.
Plumas County
Canyon
districts.
Siskiyou County
silver.
Hill.
30
29.
Orthoi'hombic.
Crystals with deeply striated faces.
massive.
Color dark lead-gray to black.
Streak
pact
luster.
H = 2.5
Generally comMetallic
black.
G = 5.70.
.3;
Alpine County: Probably the first copper claim in the State was
the Uncle Billy Roger's claim in Hope Valley, in the northwestern
corner of the county. The claim was described as a chimney-shaped
deposit in a garnet rock which carried some chalcopyrite, pyrite and
chalcocite.
Mountains.
near Coulterville.
Placer County
Lincoln.
is
lite
MINERAT-S OF CALIFORNIA.
Shasta County
Some
chalcocite has
31
copper mines of the county, but the mineral is not prominent in any of
them. Specimens have come from the Mountain Copper, Balaklala,
Afterthought, Bully Hill and Copper City mines.
'
in the
Whiskey
STROMEYERITE.
30.
compact
Generally
Orthorhombic.
steel-gray.
Color
massive.
H = 2.5 3;
Metallic luster.
and
streak
= 6.15 6.3.
dark
This mineral has only been found in silver districts where copper
also present.
into
It is
formed
in the
same way
as chalcocite
is
it.
Alpine County
Mogul
districts, associated
:
31.
Jack.
Sphalerite
is
a very
common
It
sulphide and
is
chalcopyrite,
but
it
is
tetrahedrite,
Alpine County
Hope
in the
Rogers claim,
Valley.
in
the
]ivi*ite
ore at
Copperopolis.
tlie
mines at Grizzly
32
lina Island.
Mariposa County
light
brown
tril)o-luminescent variety
Ophir.
Plumas County The mines of the Meadow Valley, Indian Valley and
Canyon contain some sphalerite wdth the other sulphides.
Sacramento County: At Michigan Bar with galena.
San Bernardino County In this county zincblende is found to some
extent with the silver-lead sulphides.
Specimens have come from the
Silver Reef, Calico, Grapevine and Lava Beds districts.
Shasta County Masses of sphalerite occur in the Afterthought and
Peck mines and to some extent in the Bully Hill, Copper City, Iron
Mountain and other districts of the county.
Siskiyou County Common with galena and chalcopyrite at Calla:
Light's
han.
Tulare County
Common
in the Mineral
32.
at the
King
district.
METACINNABARITE.
Isometric, tetrahodral.
black.
Streak black.
Color grayish
Metallic luster.
many
Colusa County
Found
in the
and
Sulphur Creek
district at the
Manza-
gold.
Inyo County: Occurred in the Cerro Gordo mine and was analysed
by Melville and Lindgren^^^
HgS
FeS + SiOa
1)5.62
4.3S
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Lake County
Prominent
in the
33
mines.
34:
deposits
lie
in the Coast
ducers.
Gordo mines.
Kings County: Small deposits of the mineral
exist
on Table Moun-
Benito County.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
35
new
is
W.
P. Blake(9>, Lindgren(6).
of cinnabar occur on
Twin
Peaks.
San Luis Obispo County: The productive mines occur in the Santa
Lucia Range, and comprise several districts of Avhich the Oceanic and
Adelaide are the most important. The ore impregnates the Franand shales and also chalcedonic masses in the serThere are numerous other small deposits in outlying districts.
Santa Barbara County: Some cinnabar occurs in the Santa Ynez
Range and near the Cachuma Creek, but no deposits are now worked.
Santa Clara County: The New Almaden mine is the oldest quicksilver mine in the State.
It has been a famous producer and is still
being worked. The cinnabar of the district occurs impregnating in
streaks the opal-like masses of silica formed by the alteration of the
serpentine.
Melville and Lindgren^^^ described crystals from the mine
with forms: (0001), (01T2), (0223), (0221), (lOTO), (0.14.14.5).
The Guadalupe and other mines of this locality have also been important producers of the metal.
ciscan sandstones
pentine.
36
Shasta County
Some cinnabar
is
Redding.
Siskiyou County
worked
slightly.
Solano County
Luft'man and
The old
Mount
St.
St.
John mine,
in a basin
between Mount
of cinnabar mining.
Sonoma County
been the scene of great volcanic activity and the cinnabar has followed
these eruptions and impregnated the sandstones, serpentines and metamorphosed sedimentaries which lie on the flanks of the range.
Stanislaus County: The cinnabar deposits occur on Red Mountain
on the border of Santa Clara County.
Trinity County The old Altoona and other claims in the northern
part of the county, near Cinnabar and Carrville, were once productive.
Yolo County The deposits of this county are in the continuation of
:
34.
GREENOCKITE.
Hexagonal.
H=3
3.5;
luster.
G = 4.9 5.0.
Color lemon-yellow.
Resinous
IMono County
tite
35.
COVELLITE Blue
Copper.
Covellite
it
is
much
Color
indigo-blue.
G = 4.59 4.63.
It is
usually associ-
Madera Countv
Found
at the old
Pocahontas mine.
37
MINERAL!^ OF CALIFORNIA.
MILLERITE Capillary
36.
Pyrites.
Hexagonal,
like
tufts.
rliombohedral.
Cleavage
Usually in
perfect
Metallic luster.
greenish black.
long
prismatic.
slender
Color
ngedles
and hair-
brass-yellow.
H = 3 3.5; G = 5.65.
Streak
Nickel minerals are quite rare in the State and their occurrence has
mine on Carson
Hill,
to be
Humboldt County
this
county occa-
Napa County
cinnabar at the Andalusia mine near Knoxville; also at the Oat Hill
Found with
37.
PYRRHOTITE Magnetic
Hanks *^^\
in the
Pocahontas
Pyrites.
Sulphide of iron, FeS + iHexagonal. Crystals rare. Commonly massive, either granular or
compact. Color bronze-brown. Streak grayish black. Metallic luster.
Usually slightly magnetic. H=:3.5
4.5; G = 4.5S
4.G4.
and copper
Masses of
it
times nickeliferous.
with
Hie i)yritc
at
Cainpo
38
Del Xorte County The copper claims in the northern part of the
county on Diamond Creek, Copper Creek and Shelly Creek contain
pyrrhotite with chalcopyrite.
Fresno County Large bodies are said to occur on the Fresno Copper
:
Company's property.
Humboldt County: Bodies are said to exist on Elk Creek.
Madera County: Found in the old Buchanan mine, Turner "^^^
Marin County: Tabular crystals have been found on Mount Tanialpais.
to be nickeliferous at the
Tuolumne County
Hummer
mine.
ner^^\
38.
Ore.
Metallic luster.
Bornite
is
H = 3; G = 4.9 5.4.
It is
nite
is
fre(iuently
teristic
color
and charac-
Creek.
El Dorado Country
green epidote.
In the old Cosumnes copper mine near Fairplay, massive bornite
occurred in coarse pegmatite of orthoclase, hornblende, epidote, garnet
39
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Inyo County Found in some of the mines of the Inyo and Ubehebe
Mountains.
Los Angeles County Found in the IMeadow Valley district with fine
:
crystals of garnet.
]\Iono
dis-
trict.
Plumas County
Massive hornite
is
common form
of copper in
39.
CUBANITE.
H=
Cubanite
is
massive.
Color
bronze-yellow.
Streak
black.
G = 4.
it
El Dorado County
locality in this
county.
San Luis Obispo County A large mass of this mineral was found on
Santa Rosa Creek near San Simeon, Hanks^^\ The specimens have a
bronze-yellow color and are compact massive.
:
CHALCOPYRITE Copper
40.
Pyrites.
G = 4.1
tarnish.
often
with
H = 3.5 4;
4.3.
is
the
conditions have been favorable the pyrite has ])ecome segregated into
40
more or
Deposits along
common. The
and chalcopyrite are galena
and sphalerite and occasionally stibnite, bismuthinite and tetrahedrite.
Besides (juartz, calcite and liarite are often present as gangue minerals.
Most of the deposits have a gossan capping of earthy limonite and
hematite resulting from the oxidation of the iron sulphides. Practically all of the large bodies of pyrite in the State carry some chalcopyrite, but those in Shasta and Calaveras counties are at present the most
the contact between limestone and igneous rock are
common
is
incorporated below.
Alpine County
The
Hope
in garnet rock.
in the
Mogul
Some
is
and bornite
chimney-shaped deposit
in a
district.
Amador County
there
Valley.
at
Campo Seco
are
still
:
its
tributaries.
Low
Divide,
Diamond Creek
41
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Humboldt County
and cuprite.
Inyo County: Chalcopyrite occurs near Darwin on contact between
sulphides extend across the county and there are numerous small
little
pyrite.
Nevada Count}": At Spenceville, Mineral Hill, Pine Hill, Iron ]\IounFrench Corral and North San Juan chalcopyrite claims have been
worked. Good masses of pure chalcopyrite also are found in the
Meadow Lake district.
Placer County: Near Auburn, Newcastle. Valley View and at Dairy
Farm good deposits of pyrite with some chalcopyrite occur.
Plumas County Deposits of good chalcopyrite with bornite and chaltain,
cocite are
found
McCoy and
tlie
Tiiere are
other mountains.
mountains of
tlie
tlie
in
Some
chal-
Clarke IMountains.
New
eastern part.
42
stone.
Sierra County
Mohawk
Valley.
chalcopyrite.
Trinity County
Some
New
Peak.
Tuolumne County The schist belt carrying the sulphides crosses the
county a few miles west of the Mother Lode and several small claims
are located along the belt.
:
41.
MARCASITE White
Pyrites.
Commonly
Orthorhombic.
sive
in
bro\Ynish black.
tabular
pyrite.
HzzG
crystals, stalactites.
Also masColor pale brass-yellow. Streak
6.5;
G = 4.S5
4.9.
it is
It is
much
when
cinnabar.
'
43
MINERALS OP CALIFORNIA.
PYRITE Iron
42.
Pyrites.
common
Crystals
Isometric.
usually
cubes,
massive.
H=6
6..5
G = 5.
is
the
it is
Its oxidation
produces limonite and hematite and the gossan of mineral veins is mostly
formed by its alteration. Cubes of limonite as pseudomorphs after
common.
Alameda County: Crystals from the Alma mine, Leona Heights,
Carson
near Healdsburg.
43.
KERMESITE Red
Antimony.
Usually
Monoclinic.
brownish
This
is
in
hair-like
tufts.
red.
a rare mineral
antimony, especially
Color
cherry-red.
H = l 3.5;
Streak
0=1.5.
stibnite.
It is
red needles.
Kern County
STATE MINING BUREAU.
44
44.
VOLTZITE.
brown.
Streak
3.8.
very rare mineral which forms globular and platy reddish brown
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
CHAPTER
45
III.
Tvlliirides.
AND
Siiliiltaiitimonites.
Tetradymite
Berthierite
Arsenopyrite
Smaltite
Hessite
Ja meson ite
Bounionite
Lollingite
Altaite
Leucopyrite
Coloradoite
Melouite
Sylvanite
Calaverite
Petzite
Selenides.
Tiemannite
Pyrargyrite
Tetrahodrite
Geocronite
Stephanite
Polybasite
Nagyagite
Siiltjharsenites.
Dufrenoysite
Proustite
Enargite
45.
COBALTITE.
Commonly
Cleavalso massive.
in cubes and pyritohedrons
Streak grayish black. Metallic
Color reddish white.
6.3.
5.5; G = 6
H=
luster.
Cobalt and nickel compounds are very rare in the State, and only an
is fonnd.
Mariposa Comity: Good crystals were found in the Copper Chieftain
occasional specimen
mine.
Found with
arsenopyrite in the
]\Ietallic
mine, near
46.
Pyrites.
massive.
= 5.56; G = 5.96.2.
Arsenopyrite is a very common
luster.
granular
Metallic
11
46
and
Danaite
is
silver.
Amador County
and
in the
occurs.
Calaveras County Near Angels and in the mines along the ^lother
Lode considerable arsenopyrite has been found high in gold content.
El Dorado County Occurred in the Florence mine near Placerville,
and also near Georgetown.
Imjjerial County Found in the mines of the Cargo Muchacho district.
Kern County: The Sumner, Confidence, Relief and other old mines
near Kernville and Havilah contained auriferous arsenopyrite.
]\Iariposa County In mines near Coulterville danaite mth erythrite
was found in the Josephine mine, Bear Valley, Turner^*^
Mono County: Common in the Lundy district carrying gold.
Nevada County Found in the Betsy mine. Grass Valley and in the
Meadow Lake district. Danaite was found in the IMeadow Lake district,
:
W.
P. Blake(io).
Placer County
One
Lindgren^^^
Plumas County
northwest of Gibsonville.
Sierra County
Kanaka Creek
it is
Tulare County
at
Alleghany and
Found
in the Mineral
King
SMALTITE Cobalt
47.
district.
Glance.
of cobalt
county.
At
and 0. K. mines
in
San
Gabriel Canyon smaltite coated with erythrite occurred with the native
silver
and
argentite.
OF THE
OP
C^' l-FGE
Napa County
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
47
Nevada Countv
Occurs in the
Meadow Lake
LOLLINGITE.
48.
Arsenide of
iron,
FeASj.
luster.
steel-gray.
district.
7.2.
This mineral
Leucopyrite
is
is
is
arsenopyrite.
and
iron, FcjAs^.
Amador County
Small crystals of
lollingite
Amador
City.
49.
TIEMANNITE.
Generally massive.
Streak
The
of
it
50.
at the old
Guadalupe
TETRADYMITE.
Hexagonal,
11
rhombohedral.
Commonly
granular.
Color steel-gray.
Metallic luster.
48
MINING BUREAU.
rsTATE
Calaveras County Found with gold in the JMelones and in the Morgan mines on Carson Hill, associated with other tellurides of this
famous telhiride locality, Hanks'^^
Nevada County Occurred at the old Murchie mine near Nevada City,
:
Hanks(6).
Tuolumne County
mine.
51.
HESSITE.
H=
2..5
3;
G = 8.31
8.45.
Hessite generally contains gold and often grades into petzite so the
two tellurides are apt to be together in mines. They are the more
common forms of tellurium and occur in most mines where gold tellurides are found, often associated with sylvanite or.calaverite.
Calaveras County
laus
mine on Carson
Au
Hill.
It
Redding.
Sierra County
Found
in the
near Alleghany.
Tuolumne County
Silliman^^\
Is
present in the
town.
52.
PETZITE.
Massive.
Color
steel-gray
the
is
to
black.
Streak
black.
Metallic
luster.
telluride
found in the
State.
It
49
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Found with
Calaveras County
liessite in
Au
j
Kiistel
El Dorado County
Found with
Ag
Te
2.J.T0
41.03
42.30
24.S0
40.(50
35.40
2r>..-).->
Geuth
mine about
Inyo County: Occurs at Telluride in the Gilt Edge claim seven miles
southeast of Olanche.
Tuolumne County One of the tellurides in the Golden Rule, RawRanch and Norwegian mines near Tuttletown. Analysed from the
Golden Rule mine by Genth'^'*^ and from the Norwegian mine by Hille:
hide
braiuFD.
Golden
Kiilo
Xorwejiian
Au
Ag
Te
2r^.m
41.86
32.68
Se
__
o_^ ,^_
^^ g
g^^g
__
2.j.l()
41.87
33.21
tr.
MnO
=100.14 per cent
^iqO.OO
__
_
0.08
99.32
ALTAITE.
53.
Small
Isometric.
gray.
Altaite
a few
octahedrons
is
and massive.
Color
tin-white
to
dark
H=3; G = 8.16.
Metallic luster.
hessite, petzite
and gold
tellurides in
localities.
and analysed by
Au
Te
Pb
Ag-
60.71
1.17
Nevada County
One
0.26
37.31
Genth^"*).
=z
Nevada
City, occurring in ])unches in the Ural vein intergrown with native gold
Tuttle-
town. Genth'^\
Also
at
Sawmill Flat with the forms (111) and (322) and was partly
48560
tr.
Au
none
Te
35.0
50
COLORADOITE.
54.
Telliiride of mercury,
Color irou-black.
Massive, granular.
The
men
mercury
telluride of
is
HgTe.
Metallic luster.
11=3: G = S.63.
speci-
Tuolumne County
Hillebrand^^^
55.
MELONITE.
This rare telluride has only been found in one locality, and there is
some question of its exact formula.
Calaveras County The rare telluride of nickel was discovered among
the other tellurides of the Melones mine on Carson Hill in 1867 and was
named by Gentli^^^^*^, for the mine. A similar mineral was later found
in the Stanislaus mine and analysed by Hillebrand^i^
:
Te
Genth
NiCo
73.43
80.75
Hillebrand
SYLVANITE Graphic
56.
Tellurium.
Monoclinic.
Bladed crystals and massive. Cleavage perfect clinoColor yellowish silver-white. Streak silver gray. Metallic
pinacoidal.
luster.
Stetefeldt(i).
Trinity County
It
Te
Au
Ag
59.6
25.5
13.9
mine, and with nagyagite at the Dorleska mine, Coffee Creek district.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
57.
51
CALAVERITE.
also massive.
Color pale
Streak j-ellowish gray. Metallic
faces
Calaveras County
and
in Australia.
= 100.11
40.70
per cent
58.
NAGYAGITE.
Orthorhombic.
Dark lead-gray
This
is
locality in California.
Trinity County
Creek
district.
at the
52
.STATE
MIXING BUREAU.
schists
60.
JAMESONITE Feather
Ore.
G = 5.5 6.0.
Jamesonite
basal.
H=2 3;
one of the
is
common
is
often
Calaveras County:
Inyo County
61.
BOURNONITE.
Bournonite
is
is
It
massive.
Inyo County
is
at
62.
PYRARGYRITE Dark
Sulphantimonite of
Hexagonal,
grayish
black,
silver,
rhombohedral. Prismatic
or dark
red.
Streak
Ruby
Silver.
AgsSbSj.
crystals.
Also
purplish
red.
massive.
Metallic
Color
luster.
H = 2.;>: G = 5.8.5.
The ruby silver ore is found
and is associated with argentite,
other silver minerals.
It
is
characteristically
found
as
and
dark gray
1)lotches
Mountain district.
Kern Countv Found associated with argentite
of the Silver
at the
Amalie mine.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Mono Comity
vugg
in a
Crystals were
of Bodie pyrargyrite
found
53
in the
Bodie mine.
Blind Spring mines, in the Tower mine, and in other mines near
Benton, Whiting^ ^^
Nevada Countj^: Found in a specimen from the Allison Ranch mine,
also in the Central
associated with pyrite. chalcopyrite and galena
mine south of Banner Hill, and is probably present in other mines of
the Grass Valley and Nevada City district as indicated by the silver;
TETRAHEDRITE Gray
63.
Copper.
Streak
G= 4.4
The
tetrabedral.
sometimes
black,
Generally massive.
Metallic
cherry-red.
Color dark
luster.
steel-gray.
Hrr3
4.5;
.5.1.
is
quite
It is,
common
in
many
of the
mon form
mony
and
is
Tcnnantite
mineral,
is
it
is a
may
replaced by arsenic.
its anti-
differentiated.
Mountain
district.
Range and
in the old
Los Angeles County: Found in the Zapate mine in the San Gabriel
Canyon.
Mariposa Count}' A common mineral in the gold mines of the
county, associated with (puirtz, pyrite, galenite and sphalerite.
The
silver-rich variety freibergite was found in large masses in white ([uartz,
:
54
at the Live
The mineral
also
Mendocino County: In the Redwood Copper Queen mine with chaland silver.
Mono County An important silver ore in several districts. In the
Diana, Comet, Comanche and other mines of the Blind Spring Hill
district, it occurred massive associated with partzite.
Also found in
copyrite, gold
Nevada County:
at
districts, Lindgren^^^.
Placer County
Dark
Silliman*^*.
Found massive
64.
in the
GEOCRONITE.
Snlpbautimouite of
lead, Pb^SboSj.
or
earthy.
Color
bluish
Geocronite
district, associated
65.
STEPHANITE Brittle
Sulphantimonite of
Silver Black
silver,
Silver.
AgjSbS^.
G = 6.2 6.3.
Stephanite
is
faces.
Also
H = 2 2.5;
it
common
in California.
It is
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
55
Alpine County
J.
D. Dana<i).
Mono County:
it
occurred as one
mines. Lindgren^'').
POLYBASITE.
66.
Tabular
Orthoi'hombic.
Metallic luster.
black.
crj'stals
and massive.
H = 2 3; G = G.2.
When
in
Streak
Color iron-black.
is difficult.
67.
it
in microscopical
DUFRENOYSITE.
Orthorhombic.
dish brown.
Generally massive.
Metallic luster.
is
H=:3;
somewhat doubtful.
Inyo County Reported to have been found
California
and
its
existence in
is
trict.
Streak red-
= 5.56.
in the Cerro
Gordo
dis-
Hanks^^).
68.
Ile.xagonal,
rhombohedral.
streak scarlet-red.
silver,
Silver.
AgjAsS^.
Adamantine
Color and
56
common than
associated.
Hanks (^^
Shasta County
Igo, associated
cpiartz.
69.
ENARGITE.
Color
Enargite
State.
is
Very few
Famatinite
is
show
it
in the
and the
mineral of the Morning Star and a few other mines of this locality.
analysis of the mineral was
made by
Root^^^
An
mine.
S
31.68
Cu
As
Sb
47.21
14.06
G.19
and
El Dorado County
Georgetown.
Some
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
CHAPTER
IV.
57
AND
58
Inyo County
common
and
Salt
in solution in
is
many
in the
and soda.
Kern County: In the Mojave Desert region on the eastern side of
the county, numerous salt lakes and wells occur.
The alkaline desert
from the Kern River to the Caiiada de las Uvas is impregnated with
salt.
Salt and borax are associated at the Buckthorn, Indian and
salt
Mesquite springs.
Riverside County
is
NaCl
CLl
94.54
0.31
N00S04
Gypsum
3.53
0.79
H2O
Insol.
0.14
0.50
Danby and
Bailey*^^^ reports a
Mountains.
and calcium sulphate occur at the Mojave sink. Salt and borax with
some nitrates exist along the Amargosa River, near the Inyo County
line.
many
places.
The Soda Lake in
dry lake in the eastern part of the county, and the
surface contains crusts of salt and sodium sulphate.
Shasta County: Sandstones occur on Salt Creek, about twelve miles
east of Redding, which are slightly impregnated with salt.
white crusts of
Carissa Plains
salt
can be found in
is a
72.
SYLVITE.
The potassium
Colorless to white.
salt is
Cleavage
also granular massive.
= 2;G=:1.97 1.99.
Vitreous luster.
perfect cubic.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Inyo County: According
59
some
sium
chloride.
73.
Chloride of
Ciystals,
Isometric.
ammouium. NH^CI.
aud
cnists
efflorescences.
H = 1.5 2; G = 1.53.
Vitreous luster.
Color white,
yellowish.
Inyo County: According to Bailey'^i^ sal ammoniac is found as efflorescences at some of the fissure springs in Death Valley.
Los Angeles County: A white crystalline incrustation of sal ammoniac was found in the Monterey shale of Burning Mountain, Rogers^^^
Santa Barbara County Crusts 5 mm. thick, associated with sulphur,
:
oil-shales
74.
CERARGYRITE Hornsilver.
Chloride of silver, AgCl.
Isometric.
gray
Color
H = 1 1.5; G = o.55.
Cerargyrite has been one of the most important silver minerals of the
State.
is
solutions
It
and
lying strata, acting on the silver minerals of the veins and forming
solutions of silver chloride, froan which the mineral
fissures
and in
the deposit.
and
is
precipiitated along
It is usually
occasionally
by the
iodide, iodyrite.
mineral.
Kern County
The
Mono County:
district near
in the
Cerargyrite has
Benton and
found
silver.
in
It
some of
l)eeii
tiie
60
Placer County
in the
and pyrite
in the Silver
Reef
district,
It is associated
on the desert
fully described
Storms "^^^
75.
CHLOROMAGNESITE.
Color white.
Efflorescence.
the springs
White
efflorescences
of
chloromagnesite
76.
ATACAMITE.
Hydrous oxichloride
Orthorhombic.
deep grass-green.
Atacamite
is
of copper, CU2CIII3O3.
a very rare
reticulated
its
masses.
Color
occurrence in Cali-
Inyo County
J.
unknown
this mine.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
61
EGLESTONITE.
77.
Minute
Isometric.
This
is a
crystals.
Resinous to adamantine
luster.
five miles
so
Hg
ci
7.43
88.00
and quartz.
EMBOLITE.
78.
Chlorobromide of
Isometric.
H=
1.5
silver,
Generally massive.
G = 5.31 5.43.
The greenish
Ag
(Br, CI)
Color green.
Resinous
luster.
cer-
argyrite and in
in the
Swansea, Hanks^^\
]\Iono County: In the ^Minnie mine, Sweetwater Range, with hornsilver, Hanks^^\
Calico,
district.
79.
COCCINITE.
Thin coatings.
any iodide
is
in
some of
tiie
(|uestionable.
lieen
62
80.
FLUORITE.
Fluorite
is
with galena.
common
It
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
CHAPTER
63
V.
64
and
structure.
Common
quartz
is
an accessory mineral in many other kinds of rock, either volmetamorphic or sedimentary. Veins, ledges, seams and pockety
masses of white quartz are common in volcanic and metamorphic
areas and much of it in California is gold-hearing.
In ordinary rock
decomposition silica remains as a residual product, as it is practically
unattacked by the usual weathering agencies.
Rock crystal is the clear colorless variety which is seldom to be found
except as hexagonal crystals. Fine large groups of these crystals are
frequently found in the mines.
Amethyst is the variety colored violet by manganese or possibly
titanium.
It also occurs in groups of crystals, being rarely massive.
Very little good amethyst has been found in the State.
Rose quartz is a massive variety colored pink by manganese. Some
and
is
canic,
Smoky
is
due
to carbonaceous material.
Phantoyn crystals show the outlines of one crystal within another, due
inclusions of green chloritic matter or brownish earthy material
arranged about the boundaries of the forming crystal during a stage in
its growth.
Some fine phantom crystals have come from near Placerto
ville.
No good
Thetis hairstone
is
rcick
asbestos or actinolite.
is glassy (piartz speckled with flakes of hematite or brown
Good aventurine is very uncommon.
Alpine County Fine specimens of rose quartz have been found in
Hope Valley and in the Mogul and Monitor districts.
Aventurine
mica.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
65
River.
Calaveras County
Good rock
many
in
and Darwin
districts.
Thetis hairstone
Angeles.
with the
gem tourmaline
at Coahuila.
Tulare County
at
Valley.
Rose quartz
5 S560
is
found
at
Bull
at
Vokohl.
in
Drum
66
83.
CHALCEDONY.
silica are
Hot
fills
is
deposited
cavities,
forming
Many of the large masses of chalcedony and jasper have been formed
by deposition from springs, whose waters contain soluble silica. Chalcedony is a very common secondary filling of cavities and fissures in
volcanic rock, and may form large geodes in this way.
There are many
names given to the varieties of cryptocrystalline silica which may be
classed under the head of chalcedony, most of them based on color or
structure.
They include chalcedony, agate, carnelian, sard, prase,
heliotrope or hloodstonc, chrysoprase, onyx, sardonyx, jasper and flint,
Ordinary silicified wood and
all of which may be found in the State.
agatized wood are silicious pseudomorphs after wood.
Myrickite
spots
is
a local
name applied
to a chalcedony,
having blood-red
Indian Springs,
is
a local
name given
on
Alameda County
in the
Berkeley Hills.
Murphy.
Silicified
wood
at Angels.
Del Norte County: Agate, chalcedony and jasper pebbles are common beach pebbles at Crescent City.
Humboldt County The beach pebbles at Big Lagoon are agate, chal:
etc.
Inyo County: Porcelain jasper has been found in the Coso district.
Kern County Blue chalcedony occurs at Kane Springs.
Marin County The beach pebbles at Bolinas have agate and chalSpherulitic jasper,
cedony. Red jasper outcrops on Reed Ranch.
called "kinradite," occurs on shore west of Sausalito.
Napa County Red jasper is found on Mount St. Helena. Chalcedony is common at the Manhattan cinnabar mine, Knoxville.
:
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
67
Nevada
at
The beach
City.
prase, etc.
Placer County
'
'
Indian Springs.
San Francisco County
'
is
common
in
the serpentine of
is
etc.
Siskiyou County
Jasper
is
common with
the
numerous serpentine
beds.
is found at Windsor.
Fine moss agate occurs on Deer Creek. Chrysoprase
found in the mountains east of Visalia, on Deer Creek and at
Tulare County
is
Yocohl.
Tuolumne County
84.
TRIDYMITE.
Uxide of
silicon,
SiOj
Hexagonal.
= 2.28 2.33.
Tridymite
It
is
is
Colorless to white.
11
= 7;
mineral
is
and
As
a rock mineral
it
is
may
The
rarely seen,
occur in
all
Mono County
plates,
in cavities of an andesite
Occurs as very thin, white hexagonal plates.
68
85.
Il.vdi'ous
Amorphous.
OPAL.
Colloidal massive.
Prominent conchoidal
compact
G = 2.1 2.2.
varieties.
Waxy
fracture.
luster.
Yellow
H=z5.5
6.5
softer
Hyalite
is
is
quite universal.
of volcanic rock.
Wood
opal
is
of the Sierras, where whole forests have been covered by the great
thickness of gravel.
is
lone Valley.
other mining
caiiips.
Mount
Hyalite and
common
Diablo.
Fresno County
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Kern County
opal
AVliite
is
69
mountain.
Lake County
Hyalite
it.
San Diego County Diatomaceous earth has come from about forty
miles north of San Diego.
San Francisco County Nodular masses of common opal occur in the
serpentine of San Francisco.
San Joaquin County: Diatomaceous earth is found on Staple's
:
Ranch.
San Luis Obispo County Diatomaceous earth occurs near Port HarArroya Grande and near Edna.
San Mateo County: Diatomaceous earth at San Gregorio.
Santa Barbara County A large deposit of diatomaceous earth occurs
Also on south slope of Santa Ynez Mountains and near
at Lompoc.
:
ford, near
Santa Barbara.
Mono County
Calistoga.
Nevada County
town.
Dia-
(piartz
70
volcanic
is
tuflf.
Wood
Tulare County:
arsenic.
'
.
Isometric,
commonly
fibrous crusts
H = 1.5;
vitreous luster.
G=3.7.
and earthy.
Taste sweet.
Color white.
Silky or
Astringent.
mine.
Amargosa mine, W.
P. Blake^^^
87.
VALENTINITE.
cleavage.
Valentinite
is
of stibnite.
88.
BISMITE Bismuth
Oxide
Orthorhombic.
gray.
of bismuth,
Commonly occurs
Ocher.
BijOj.
as an earthy coating.
Color yellow to
G = 4.3G.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
71
Mono County
vanadate.
HoO
Gang
Bi-.O::
V..O5 Sol. In
12.11
64.43
HNO3
HNO3
Insol. in
0.32
17.G3
2.27
107
210
Ign.
0.224
3.43
An
ViOr,
HNO3
Sol. in
O.s
HNO3
Insol. in
13.5
9.r.
107
240
Ign.
0.4
0.3
11.4
it to
be
it
to
MOLYBDITE Molybdic
89.
Capillary
crystals
H = l 2'; G = 4.5.
radiating
in
Ocher.
molybdenum, M0O3.
O-xide of
tufts
and earthy.
powder or
Color straw-yellow.
Most of the
localities
Mono County
at
Cameron and
at Silverado
Creek, Whiting<i).
Illinois claim,
River.
90.
CERVANTITE Antimony
Ocher.
Usually
H=4
.",;
as
crust
or
powder.
Sometimes
ma-ssive.
G = 4.08.
Inyo County:
district
and
at the St.
Ignacio mine.
Wild Rose
72
Kern County
mine.
STIBICONITE.
91.
Hydrous oxide
of
antimonj% Sb^OiHoO.
H = 4 5.5;
G = 5.1 5.28.
antimony
native
at
Little
Caliente
Springs.
at
stihnite at
Found with
county.
92.
STIBIOFERRITE.
Amorphous.
Color straw-yellow.
Resinous
luster.
H = 4;
G=3.6.
This oxide was found as a thick coating on stihnite from Santa Clara
County and was described as a new mineral by Goldsmitli^*\ The
analysis of the substance suggests that
new
SboOs
42.46
HoO
SiOo
Ign.
8.84
1.09
stibiconite
PARTZITE.
of antimony, copper
Massive.
was a mixture of
15.26
93.
Hydrous oxide
it
mineral.
H=3 4; G = 3.8.
district.
more silver.
Diana and Comet
Comanche,
Mono County
new mineral and
as
a
and
described
district
Springs
mines of the Blind
P.
Blake^^^) ^q \)q
W.
however,
by
Considered,
Arents'^>.
analysed by
antimony
with other
oxide
of
hydrous
of
the
mixture
a mechanical
Stc'tefeldtitf is
Found
in the Kerrick,
metallic bases.
SbaOs
47.65
CuoO
AgoO
PbO
FeO
Hod
32.11
6.12
2.01
2.33
8.29
=98.51
per
cent
MINERALS OP CALIFORNIA.
CHAPTER
73
VI.
Hydrous.
Manganite
Rutile
Corundum
Hematite
Ilmenite
Spinel
Anatase
Gcitbite
Brookite
Chrysoberyl
ILiusmaunite
Limonite
Bauxite
Brucite
Minium
Sassolite
Magnetite
Chromite
Crednerite
Psilomelane
Braunite
Asbolite
Cassiterite
I'yrolusite
Wad
94.
CUPRITE Red
Red
Copper.
Color
Isometric.
Streak
11
red.
= 3.") 4.
G = 5.99.
Cuprite occurs in most of the copper
localities as a
secondary mineral
from various counties but no large bodies of the mineral are known.
It is an important ore of copper.
Alameda County Massive specimens have been found near Liver:
more.
Amador County
At Volcano.
mines.
of
it
the
chaleotrichite variety.
\'alle\'.
74
Common
at
Shasta County
Trinity County
Tulare County
Silliman^^).
95.
Oxide
Generally as
Monoclinic.
Submetallic luster.
of copper,
an
earthy
of copper
Copper.
CuO.
powder.
H = 3 4 G = 5.82.
black.
more
Hill,
Color
black.
Streak
is
It occurs in
many
Satellite mine.
Colusa County
Found
and cuprite
at the
at the
mines.
At
Shasta County: At
Nevada County
of this countv.
96.
CORUNDUM.
Hexagonal,
rhomboliedral.
red.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
75
liesa,
Schaller(5\
97.
HEMATITE.
Sesquioxide of iron,
FcoO.,.
Hexagonal, rhombohedral. Crystals, compact massive, granular, micaceous and earthy. Color black, red, brown.
Streak red and reddish brown.
Metallic, submetallic or earthy dull.
Hematite
is
The
earthy red.
U 5.5 6.5;
It
G=4.9
5.3.
in Cali-
the crystalline metamorphic and igneous rocks while the red earthy
Red hemmixed with brown limonite forms the common gossan capping of
iron sulphide deposits. The flaky specular variety, often termed "specmasses are sedimentary alterations of iron bearing minerals.
atite
iilarite.'' is a
Martite
is
common
pseudomorph of hematite
after magnetite.
Much
mon
of the
is
com-
of Crescent City.
El Dorado County
at
gravels
]\Iassive
Madera County
One
Marin County
In Cobb Valley.
Much
of this ore
is
martite.
district.
76
St.
Helena.
Massive at
and
limonite.
Siskiyou County
The gravels
show specular
hematite.
Sonoma County
Tehama County
Trinity County
Yuba County
98.
at
La Grange.
Beegum.
Iron.
grains.
H=:o
6;
G = 4.5 5.
massive,
brown
in
to
rounded
black.
pebbks
Metallic
and
luster.
rolled pebbles.
much
sands.
Amador Countv
Near Volcano.
it
and
exists in the
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Butte County: At Oroville,
and Inskip.
Calaveras County
Cherokee,
Ijittle
77
creek,
in consider-
able amount.
Its
occurrence
is
district,
Green Valley,
at
mentioned
at
Georgetown,
Hanks^9>.
Mariposa County
in
Mariposa.
Nevada County: At Rough and Ready, Nevada City, North Bloomand Relief Hill.
Orange County At Fullerton.
Placer County At Gold Run.
Plumas County At Spanish Ranch, Crescent Mills, Genessee, La
Porte and Nelson Point.
San Bernardino County Near Needles.
San Francisco County A constituent of the dikes cutting across the
field
city.
county.
Trinity River.
Yuba
99.
O.Kide
Isoinot
ric.
brown and
oL"
aluiuiiiiuin
Small crystals
black.
Vitreous
River. Strawl)erry
SPINEL.
iiiid
luagncsinin,
rounded grains.
luster.
11
= 8;
MgO.ALOs.
= 3.5 4.1.
Spinel occurs only as a rock constituent and exist in some of the gold
Picodlc
is
brown
78
Pleonaste
rocks.
is
Bluff.
San Diego County Blue spinel was reported to occur in the ^lack
mine near Rincon; the deep green, pleonaste variety, in small octahedrons, occurs there, associated with garnet, Rogers *^^\
San Luis Obispo County: Ruby spinel has been observed near San
:
Mount
Shasta,
Hanks(6).
100.
MAGNETITE Magnetic
Oxide
Iron.
of iron, Fe304.
iron
Magnetite
deposits of
and
black.
it
is
It is a constituent of all
igneous rocks
Lodestone
is
It
Butte County
W.
P.
concentrates at
lock
and Inskip.
district.
MINERALS OP CALIFORNIA.
Fresno County
79
Humboldt County
at Ricardo,
is
magnetite.
Common
Los Angeles County: Black sands at Ocean Park. Solid masses near
Russ Station in Soledad Canyon. Small deposit in canyon about ten
miles northeast of Acton with garnet in the black sands of Santa
Monica Bay.
Madera County Large deposits of magnetite-hematite occur in the
Minaret Mountains. Deposits occur on the west slope of Mount Raymond.
Modoc County In the drift and black sands of the Feather River.
Mono County Found massive in the Benton, Bodie and Lundy dis;
tricts,
Whiting' i\
small amounts.
Riverside County:
One
It is
80
Shasta County
Blake (9).
Siskiyou County
it is
common
at
Happy Camp,
Oro Fino,
River.
Tuolumne County
Yuba County
ley,
Common
all of
at Marysville, Brownsville,
101.
Color
the mines.
Strawberry Val-
Yuba
River.
Iron.
iron, FeCi^Oi.
blaclv.
Streak
grayish
brown.
4.57.
Alameda County
Amador County
Butte County
ville,
Found near
Jackson.
Calaveras County
Springs.
MINERALS OF CALIFOKXIA.
Fresno Couritv
81
Humboldt County
Mount Diablo
Lake County
Middleton.
Mendocino County
Found
]\Ionterey
County
Common
AUOa
FeaO.-,
MgO
.>2.12
2.18
1.".24
12.29
Nevada County
CaO
.",.6.")
SiOo
]2.12
Indian Springs.
In the concentrates at Rough and Ready, North Bloomfield, and
Relief Hill.
Placer County
below Towle.
Meadow
at
Rock Island
Hill,
La
Porte,
and in
^"alley as concentrates.
Ci\.0:,
AL.U;,
Fe:..0:..
MgO
FeO
MnO
SiO,.
H^O
5G.GS
11.4U
3.r2
li.23
11.77
0.1.")
3.40
0.04
Common
=100.09%
82
Tuolumne County
Yuba County
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Butte County:
83
Cherokee,
Silliman<7).
Humboldt County
First noticed
in
the
State in
granite
the
at
Eureka.
Mono County
({uartzite M'ith
It
bands of blue
One
Mono
near
lazulite
Lake.
at Dehesa, Schaller^^\
in
ANATASE Octahedrite.
104.
basal
and
H = 5.5 6;
prismatic.
is
much
BROOKITE.
105.
Oxide
Orthorhombic.
Cr.vstals
Adamantine
black.
of titanium, TiO^.
tabular
luster.
11
or
is
El Dorado County
known
Found
pyramidal.
brown
Color dark
found
is
also
much
to
and
in tabular reddish
(001), (110), (210), '(102), (104), (021), (121), (122), (134), (234),
Kunz<i).<2).
106.
CHRYSOBERYL.
Usually
G = 3.5 3.84.
This
gem
is
stone.
twinned
crystals.
Striated
faces.
Vitreous.
is
11
Color
= 8.5;
important as a
84
HAUSMANNITE.
107.
brownish black.
G = 4. 72 4.85.
Manganese
rarer oxide
is
Small
pyramidal
crystals.
massive,
granular.
Streak chestnut-brown.
Subraetallic luster.
H = r)
abundant
may
occur in
Plumas County
in the State,
many
and
it is
Color
5.5;
of the localities
Specimens of
Valley.
MINIUM Red
108.
Oxide
Powder.
Color
bright
red
Lead.
of lead, Pb.O^.
mixed
with
Streak
yellow.
orange-yellow.
109.
CREDNERITE.
steel-gray.
This
is
its
is
limited
to one locality.
Napa County
110.
Calistoga.
BRAUNITE.
Tetragonal.
Small pyramids and massive. Color brownish
Streak brownish black.
Submetallic luster.
H = () 6.5; G = 4.T5.
Silicious
black.
it
of braunite have
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
111.
PYROLUSITE.
Oxide of manganese.
Pyrolusite
Metallic to
is
(lull
luster.
Color black.
H = 2 2.5; G = 4.S2.
Streak
ores of manganese.
It is
in masses of psilomelane,
mon
INIuOj.
Ortlioihorahio.
dull-black.
85
Com-
as dendritic coating*.
Alameda County:
It
Amador County
Found
in the Seaton
district.
at
Volcano.
Colusa County
Found
trict.
near Columbia.
86
112.
MANGANITE.
much
Sausalito.
Range.
five
miles Avest of
San
Luis Obispo.
Santa Clara County: In the Black Wonder and other mines of the
Diablo Range.
Sonoma County
At
the
Shaw mine
dale.
Tuolumne Countv
87
MINER-O^S OF CALIFORNIA.
GOTHITE.
113.
Hydrous oxide
of iron, FeoOg.HoO.
Cleavajje perfect
vertically striated.
Orthorhombic. Slendpr
Color yellowish brown. Streak yellowish brown. Adabrachypinacoidal.
= 5 ^5.5; G 4.37.
mantine to snbmetallic luster.
prisms,
Gothite
is
limonite or hematite,
so closely that
it
would
mine.
114.
LIMONITE Brown
Hydrous oxide
Massive.
yellow,
luster.
from
it
is
is
its
Streak
the most
common
yellowish
soft yellow
common
stalactitic, botryoidal,
black.
to
H = 5 .5.5; G = .3.6 4.
Limonite
versal in
Compact,
brown
Hematite.
2Fe,03..3H20.
of iron,
to
It is
As
the
brown capping
Valley Springs.
Inyo County
Cerro Gordo.
Mariposa County
Valley.
stibnite
from the
88
Common
Shasta County:
county.
Mountain.
Sonoma County
Tulare County
Yolo County
Common
115.
Hydrous oxide
Massive, earthy,
BAUXITE.
of aluminium, AI0O3.2H2O.
oolitic.
H = l.y;
G = 2.55.
Deposits of pure bauxite are unknown in the State.
authority for the occurrence of the mineral.
Riverside County
Yuba County
Aubury^^)
is
the
Found
at Smartsville.
116.
Hydrous oxide
BRUCITE.
of magnesia,
iMgO.H0.
Hexagonal, rhombohedral. Foliated plates and fibrous masses. Cleavage perfect basal. Color white, gray, pink. Pearly luster. H=:2.5;
G = 2.38 2.4.
little
has been
It also
occurs as
0.55
:
31.73
small
amount
An
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
SASSOLITE Boracic
117.
Hydrous oxide
Acid.
of borou, B.O;j.81l20.
Triolinic.
89
Color white.
H = l; G = 1.4S.
Pearly luster.
of the springs
])iit
and
upon evaporation.
PSILOMELANE.
118.
Hydrous oxide
of
black.
This
is
.")
the most
manganese
many
in the State.
It is
is
Color
nite or pyrolusite,
limonite.
The mineral
is
found in
localities,
deposits
is
Wad
is
an impure
AshoJite
is
wad containing
as well.
harder psilomelane.
cobalt.
Anbury ^^^
have been made by
Alameda County
is
largely silicious
psilomelane.
is
psilomelane.
90
CHAPTER
VII.
CARBONATES.
Anhydrous.
Calcite
Dolomite
Ankerite
Bismutospliae'rite
Thermonatrite
Phosgeuite
Northupite
Tychite
Natron
Trona
Gay
Hydrous.
Malachite
Azurite
IMagnesite
Siderite
Ilhodochrosite
Smithsonite
Aragonite
Aurichalcite
Hydrozincite
Strontianite
Dawsouite
Lussite
Pirssonite
Hydromagnesite
Hydrodolomite
Zaratite
Bismutite
Cerussite
119.
Calcite
many
is
colors
and
many
in
common
varieties based
of these varietal
stalagmite, marble,
mon
limestone.
common
in the State,
and are quarried for the manufacture of cement. Fine quality marble
is also known, but little of it is quarried except for cement.
Aubury(^)
gives the location of limestone quarries.
Alameda County
Crystals are
common
on
Amador County
Butte County
MINER.VLS OF CAIJFORNIA.
91
Lang with
Mariposa.
Merced County:
strontian-bearing
caleite
is
said
to
occur at
Delhi.
Mono County
gi.en(5)
east of
Auburn.
Riverside County
Blue
which
is
quar-
Found
ler(8).
San Pedro.
Shasta County: Large stalactites and tubular shapes occur in Potter's Cave, near Baird, Eakle^^\
Siskiyou County
Tolenas.
Petaluma.
Tuolumne County
"White
in
an
Fine crystals with the forms (lOTO), (OlTl), and (3121) were found at
the Keltz mine.
Large stalactites at the Crystal Palace Cave near
Columbia.
92
DOLOMITE Magnesium
120.
Carbonate
of magiicsiuiii
Limestone.
CO,,.
H = 3.r) 4: G = 2.S8.
Dolomite
Much
is
is
dolomitic.
New
ANKERITE.
121.
Carbonate
of calcium,
magnesium and
CaCOj.MgCOj.FeCOs.
iron,
Ankerite
very
is
Al-
quicksilver mines.
like
calcite.
common form
at the
Raw-
hide
122.
MAGNESITE.
Magnesite
is
a very
common mineral
in
G = 3.0 3.12.
an alteration product. It is
characteristic of the serpentinized rock to be intersected by veins and
great areas of serpentine from which
it is
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
patches of the snow-white to light
])uff
93
lie
in
the serpentine belts of the Coast Ranges, but minor deposits also occur
The mineral
is
almost uniformly in
bulletin
and the
of the State has been issued by Hess'^* who gives the analyses cited
below.
the serpentine on
Cedar
of Livermore.
Andreas.
occurs in veins on Kings
Bakersfield.
]Mendocino County
AI0O3
Fe^Oa
CaO
MgO
CO2
0.41
O.L'S
0.12
0.0:5
^T.K;
.n.SS
Napa County
Very prominent
SiOo
AL.O:,
2.1.",
1.22
l.Ki
the county.
from Rutherford.
>.6S
__
l.-,.lo
41.01
4S.72
__
tr.
40,..-,.-.
.-,1.2.:>
__
37.20
40.!ts
0.32
__
.",.2S
O.OS
l.Sl
=100.01
99.90
Veins also occur on the east side of Pcpe Valley, in Soda Creek
Canyon, and in the serpentine of Beryessa Valley.
Nevada County Narrow veins occur in the serpentine at Nevada
:
City.
Placer County: Veins occur near Damascus and ^Michigan Bluff and
at Gold Run.
Riverside County
hill
of serpentine, about
three miles south of Winchester, which are worked for cement purposes.
SiO,.
Al.O...
Fe:;():,
4.7:!
0.12
O.OS
CaO
(.4:!
MgO
CO,.
44.77
40.40
in the
serpentine at Fort
Point.
al)out nine
:;
94
An
An
SiOa
AI2O3
FeoOa
CaO
MgO
CO2
0.73
0.14
0.21
0.40
46.61
51.52
Morgan Hill
CaO
MgO
AI2O3
FeoOs
49.85
3.45
0.18
0.48
21.53
Station, gave
CO2
23.96
0.16
0.38
1.34
are
45.86
51.80
numerous veins
1.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
123.
SI
DERITE Spathic
Carbonate of
iron,
95
Ore.
FeCOa
Canyon.
Shasta County According to Fairbanks^^^ siderite occurs in large
masses in this county east of the Stillwater region.
:
RHODOCHROSITE.
124.
Carbonate
of
manganese. MnCOj.
3.60.
Few good
Feather River.
Placer County
125.
SMITHSONITE Dry
Carbonate
of zinc,
Smithsonite
It is
is
a secondary mineral
the
Xew York
Bone.
ZnCOs.
He.xagonal. rhombohedral.
Drusy crystals and massive
Color grayish, bluish, greenish. Vitreous luster. 11 = 5;
districts.
at
often boue-like.
G = 4.45.
in silver-lead
of zinc.
at the
nanks<6).
96
Kern County Occurred in drusy veins at the Jewett mine on Cottonwood Creek.
San Bernardino County With calamine at the Cuticura mine, near
:
Daggett.
126.
ARAGONITE.
Slender
prisms,
aciciilar.
fibrous,
Vitreous luster.
11
stalactitic.
= 3.5 4:
massive.
G-:2.93
2.95.
The distinction lietween calcite and aragonite has seldom been made,
and much of the banded onyx marble of the State has been erroneously
The fine snow-white branching stalactitic form of
called aragonite.
aragonite, called ''flos ferri,"
is
exceptional in
its
occurrence in the
State.
Placer County
River, Louderback*^).
to have occurred with priceite, SilliOccurs with calcite in the limestone of
Found
Point, Eakle<i>.
Solano County
at the
Tolenas Springs.
Mountain.
127.
STRONTIANITE.
matic.
G = 3.68 3.71.
The
strontia
in the State,
locality.
MINERALS OP CALIFORNIA.
97
CERUSSITE.
128.
Carbonate
of lead,
PbCOa.
is
in all
It
to
is
it
and
be found in the
is
cavities.
In silver districts
it is
frequently
rich in silver
in the
Russ
district, AV. P.
Blake' '>.
common mineral
in the
the county.
in the
Blind Springs
district,
Goodyear'^i^
Very prominent
Reef
in the Silver
Carbonate
of bismuth. Bl-CO;.
H = 3 3.5; G = 7.30.
and
is
BISMUTOSPHAERITE.
129.
minerals,
district
fibers.
is
always secondary.
130.
PHOSGENITE.
This
is
is
known
Inyo
I'rismatic
crystals.
n = 2.5 3; G = G.
Color
white
to
yellow.
Adamantine
tlie
State
County:
specimen
78560
straw-yellow
98
131.
NORTHUPITE.
Octahedral crystals.
H = 3.5 4; G = 2.38.
Colorless to brownish.
chloride.
Vitreous luster.
14.10
O.OS
36.00
16.08
0.72
Isometric.
Small
of
=100.31
An
analysis
for CI
3.16=100.1.j
per cent
TYCHITE.
132.
Double carbonate
0.22
Foote'^^\
octahedral
H = 3.5 4; G = 2.58.
crystals.
Color
white.
Vitreous
lusrer.
is
only
carbonates and sulphate were mixed with the northupite crystals and
discovered in 1905 and
S03
named by
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
99
district.
Plumas County
cite
Good specimens
and
chalco-
also ({uite
One
common
134.
Malachite.
The blue
it
is
3.83.
azurite
is
usually found.
not so
It
common
which
Most
Mono County
135.
AURICHALCITE.
This
is
G = 3.54 3.G4.
in one
County
Rogers^^\
136.
HYDROZINCITE.
Massive and
Dull luster.
earthy.
Generally
as
incrustations.
Hydrozincite
of sphalerite.
is
Snow-white
color.
100
Inyo County Thick layers of the wliite carbonate occur at the Cerro
Gordo mine with sphalerite, willemite and calamine; has been mentioned from this locality by Rogers^^\
:
DAWSONITE.
137.
Dawsonite
is
and occurs
crusts.
138.
THERMONATRITE.
Hydrous carbonate
Orthorhombic.
This
Usually as efflorescences.
H = l 1.5; G = 1.5
reous luster.
NajCOa-HjO.
of sodium,
l.G.
Vit-
is
regions.
efflorescent
139.
Hydrous carbonate
GAY LUSSITE.
of calcium
Monoclinic.
Flat wedge-shaped crystals.
Cleavage perfect prismatic.
Vitreous luster.
white.
2
1.95.
3; G = 1.93
is
Mono County
Found
Color
in crystals
Lake, Hanks^i**^
by Pratt
^i>
mentions
it
are:
as occurring at the
Owl Springs
140.
Hydrous carbonate
niter beds.
Baileyd)
NATRON.
of sodium,
NaoCOs.lOHoO.
Monoclinic.
Exists only in solution or mixed with trona. Tabular
Color white.
crystals obtained by the evaporation of waters from soda lakes.
= l 1.5; G = 1.42 1.4G. Taste alkaline.
Vitreous luster.
exists in solution in
MINERALS OF
,,,_,,
CAi:.IFOKNxA.
101
evaporating the water of Owens Lake and other soda lakes of Death
Valley and San Bernardino County. The solid contents of Owens Lake
TRONA Urao.
141.
Hydrous bicarbonate
Na,C03.HNaC03.2ILO.
of sodium.
Monocliuic. Slender crystals and fibrous masses. Cleavage perfect ortho= 2.5 3; G = 2.11 2.14.
Vitreous luster.
Color white.
pinacoidal.
Taste alkaline.
The bicarbonate
springs.
In
is
common form
the
protected localities
drj^
and
exists as crystals
it
and
finely
fibrous coatings.
Mono County: The solid contents of the waters of Owens Lake are
mainly troua, and the mineral occurs along the shores in white layers.
Chatard^^^ analyses of the solid matter of this lake show it to be over
90 per cent pure soda.
Soda
is ([uite
At
common
Searles
in this
Borax Lake
county at the
it is
the material
Thick layers
other
left,
salts.
common.
right
and
and
and have the forms: (100), (001). (101), (302), (111). (Til),
(211), Ayers'2).
142.
Hydrous double
Orthorhombic. Hemimorpliic
luster.
H = 3 3.5; G = 2.3r)2.
Pirssonite
is
PIRSSONITE.
CaC03.Na;C03.2ILO.
Colorless
to
white.
Vitreous
and only
23.38
25.70
0.15
14.7.",
.\hO,.
SiOo
0.13
0.20
102
.STATE
143.
MINING BUREAU.
HYDROMAGNESITE Hydrodolomite.
of
magnesium, .3MgCOj.Mg(OH).3H20.
H = 3.5,
crystallized;
Color white.
= 2.14 2.18.
Vitreous, silky to
MINERALS OP CALIFORNIA.
103
Fresno County: Occurred at the Second Sierra and Lot One mines,
Kings River.
Inyo County Found at Big Pine Creek, Hanks^^^ also at Antelope
Springs, Deep Spring Valley.
Los Angeles County: White earthy bismutite has been found in this
;
county.
at Oasis,
Occurs as
Hanks^^^
an alteration of bismuth
at
Pala,
104
CHAPTER
ANHYDROUS
Feldspars.
VIII.
SILICATES.
105
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
low in
The
percentage.
silica
commonly
and in many petrographic descrip-
not
tions this
feldspar
designated.
too universally
146.
ORTHOCLASE Potash
Silicate of
is
Feldspar.
Perfect
Often as Carlsbad twins.
Crystals very common.
Mouoclinic.
and clinopinacoidal cleavage. Colorless, white, flesh-red. Vitreous
basal
luster.
H = 6 6.5; G = 2.57.
is
'
'
'
'
Adularia
is
found
in large
crystals.
Sanidine
is
glassy
potash feldspar,
common
to
and
rhyolites
trachytes.
Valencianite
is a
variety
147.
Cleavage
Feldspar.
Triclinic.
ing structure.
to vein orthoclase.
MICROCLINE Potash
Silicate of
G = 2.54
name given
like orthoclase.
H = 6 6..j
2.57.
granites, syenites,
State.
106
ANORTHOCLASE Potash-soda
148.
Silicate of potassium,
Feldspar.
in varj'ing
proportions.
Anorthoclase
State, but has
observed in
Crystals
Triclinic.
physical properties.
is
rock
Like orthoclase in
sections.
its
a constituent of granites
ALBITE Soda
149.
Silicate of
Feldspar.
sive.
is
common
granodiorites and
150.
diorites
OLIGOCLASE Soda-lime
Feldspar.
albite in composition.
and brachypinacoidal.
Triclinic.
Colorless to white.
etc.,
and
to
some
Occasionally found in
Moonstone
is
151.
is
AN DESINE Soda-lime
H=5 6
albite
G=2.6S
rocks.
of
Feldspar.
Only observed
Much
chalcedony.
as a microscopical constituent.
and anorthite.
2.60.
and other
basic
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
LABRADORITE Lime-soda
152.
Silicate
of
107
Feldspar.
calcium,
NaAlSijOs,
nearer
auortbite iu composition.
Small twinned crystals in rocks sometimes massive with twin= 5 6; G = 2.70 2.72.
ning striations. Properties like oligoclase.
Tricliuic.
An
essential constituent of
and
BYTOWNITE Lime-soda
153.
common
basalts, associated
ANORTHITE Lime
154.
Triclinic.
like oligoclase
is
Feldspar.
few of the
and
Silicate of calcium
Anortbite
in composition.
H = 5 6; G = 2.72.
Triclinic.
Feldspar.
Silicate of calcium,
localities
Properties
and is a constituent of
and basalts.
cited.
forms: (010),
(001),
(Til).
(TOl)
(ITO),
(130),
(021). Jackson(3).
(nl),
(001), Genth(2).
AI0O3
19.65
Fe03
CaO
Na^O
KoO
0.41
0.47
10.07
tr.
H2O
0.21
108
orthoclase
Tom
mine.
is
White veins
Marin County
common
Mount
Gleason.
(001), (010), (021), (021), (TOl), (201), (150), (130), (Til). (Til),
(T12), (T31), (221), (120), (350), (110), (ITO), (130), (112). (221),
by
J. NeM'field.
SiO
61.36
AI2O3
22.97
CaO
NaoO
H^O
5.38
S.OS
1.72
near Manvel.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
by
Ti02 AI2O3
21.14
G3.1T tr.
SiO;
109
Kroustchoilf*^>
CaO
MgO
KoO
NaeO
1.20
0.04
1.70
9.20
Ign
O.SO
Rincon. occur tabular to (OIU) with forms (010), (001), (110), (iTO),
(130i. (101), (201), (Til), (TTl), Rogers < 2)
Anorthite
is
NaeO
IS.oo
0.S3
44.39
3G.55
Labradorite
is
gabbro
at
11.01
30.4G
o2.72
0.42
3.70
Oligoclase
is
1.44
a constituent of the
glaucophane
Shasta County
Tom
Xeal Mountain.
Graphic granite
livan Creek.
is
155.
Silicate of
(Jrihorliumbic.
Color greenish
common
at Soulsbyville.
ENSTATITE.
magnesium, MgSiO;;.
Enstatite
is
is
characteristic of gab-
and rocks that have been derived from gabbros, like mucii
serpentinized rocks of the Coast Range and of the Sierras.
It is a
broitic rocks
of the
rather
common mineral
Bro)izit(
iron.
It
is
l)ut
a variety in
Alameda County
ley Hills, Hanks<6).
110
Massive enstatite
is
in this
enstatite
county.
SiOs
54.42
Mariposa County
FeO
MsO
CaO
14.03
29.11
9.46
::
of
the
San
Nevada County
Enstatite
is
Nevada
City, Lindgren(^>.
the serpentine of
156.
Silicate of iron
HYPERSTHENE.
and magnesium (Fe,Mg)Si03.
Orthorliombic.
Generally massive, foliated.
Color brownish green to brown.
pinacoidal.
H = 5 6;
= 3.4 3.5.
Dehesa, Lawson^^^
San Francisco County: A constituent of the dikes cutting the serpenSan Francisco, Palache^^^
Siskiyou County Mentioned by J. D. Dana'^^ as a constituent of the
tine of
157.
Silicate of calcium
PYROXENE.
Monoclinic.
Prismatic crj'stals, granular. Cleavage perfect prismatic.
Color generally some shade of green, often nearly white, brown, black.
= 5 6; G=3.2 3.6.
Vitreous luster.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
tives
and
is
and
Ill
granites.
The
light
Diopside.
light to
stone,
schists.
Diallagc.
Characteristic of gabbros.
Omphacitc.
Characteristic of
gabbros,
Dark green
Iron-alumina pyroxene.
Augitc.
monest of
all
the
pyroxenes.
diabases,
eruptives.
basalts,
Mentioned
An
essential
andesites,
to
constituent
of
diorites,
and other
pyroxenites
basic
rocks.
Viola n.
Hedenbergite.
An
augite.
iron-rich pyroxene.
Fresh
51.91
49.62
Altered
3.55
l.'JO
2.65
2.97
2.49
2.99
16.15
19.72
22.85
19.14
H2O
NaoO
at 100
ab. 100
TiOo
MnO
Fresh
0.56
0.60
0.86
2.71
O.16
__
0.33
Altered
0.21
__
El Dorado County
Diallage
is
__
=100.47%"
=100.24
Diablo.
ner(i\
Riverside County
stone at Crestmore.
in the serpentine of
112
46.59
1.03
9.69
4.75
21.38
13.89
Shasta County
1.22
1.23
G = 2.338
=99.78%
Ompha-
ilvaite at Pot-
Tulare County
this
county.
Tuolumne County
Silicate of
Prismatic crystals.
Monoclinic.
luster.
irou, essentially
NaFeCSiOs),.
Vitreous
syenites.
petrographical literature.
back'2\
159.
Silicate of lithium
SPODUMENE.
and aluminium, LiAUSiO,),.
Spodumene
is
Knnziie
is
is
present.
and with
It is
commonly
associated with
lithia tourmaline.
color.
Hiddenite
is
Riverside County
tains,
in the
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
occurs
gem
ill
113
Most of
tourmaline, although
it is
in flat cleavage
and by
SiOs
Schaller 64.42
Davis __64.05
Davis<i>.
MnoOs LioO
AI2O3
27.32
27.30
0.15
7.20
0.39
6.88
0.30
__
__ __ __ __
0.06 0.80 none 0.06 0.11 0.44
0.03
Ign.
none
0.15
=100.15
99.61
Forms:
(100),
(110),
(010),
(130),
(320),
(021),
(111),
(Til),
Rogers^'\
WOLLASTONITE.
160.
pinacoidal.
= 2.8 2.9.
AVollastonite
formed
is
as a contact
City.
Lake County
near ]\liddletown.
Napa County
Knoxville.
as contact minerals at
Grass Valley.
Riverside County Fibrous, columnar and fine granular wollastonite
occurs in the crystalline limestone at Crestmore as one of the contact
:
metamorphic minerals.
An
by Eakle
gave:
SiOo
51.77
FeaOs
CaO
H2O
2.12
44.85
1.02
Tehama County
S S560
Found
at
Glenbrook Lake.
114
SiOo
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Siskij'ou
Comity
Tulare County
Lemon
north of
115
three miles
Cove.
Tuolumne County
Found with
pyrolusite
Columbia.
ANTHOPHYLLITE.
163.
Silicate of
magnesium and
(Mg.Fe)Si03.
iron.
Coramonly lamellar or fibrous. Cleavage perfect prisColor brownish gray, brownish green. Vitreous luster. H:=o.5
Ortliorhombic.
matic.
G = 3.1 3.2.
G;
gneisses.
is
It is usuallj'
H2O
AI0O3
SiO-2
Fe^Oa
0.34
1.36
33.6G
FeO
MgO
CaO
NaoO
at 100
ab. 100
4.S0
38.70
0.48
0.98
0.24
19.79
MnO
tr.
164.
Silicate
of
Hanks^^^
AMPHIBOLE.
isomorphous
matic.
= 2.9 3.4.
The amphiboles are similar to the pyroxenes, and, like them, are very
important rock-forming minerals. They occur in metamorphic and
igneous rocks, and the common varieties are to be found in every
county.
TremoUte.
Common
as
Asbestos
is
a soft fibrous
tremolite or actinolite.
Much
serpentine-asbestos, which
is
however,
is,
silicate.
'
116
Uralite
is
Asbcferrite
Edeniie
is
its
called
'
'
The
uralitization.
'
a variety of tremolite.
is
HornMende.
augite in
is
amphibole similar to
lime-magnesia-iron-alumina
general composition.
Hornblende
is
the
commonest of the
Common
found in large cleavage masses
sometimes
brown.
Hornblende
is
color is black to very dark green,
eruptive
rocks
while
characteristic of the acid and intermediate
augite
Hornblende forms large areas of schists
is characteristic of the basic.
or amphibolites and is also a constituent of granite, syenite, diorite,
Less common in gabbro, diabase and basalt.
rhyolite and trachyte.
Soretite is an amphibole showing some optical differences from
amphiboles and
to fibrous.
is
hornblende.
Porgasite
is
composition, but
CarintJiinc
is
is
composition.
50.08
TiOo
0.76
AI2O3
7.97
CroOs
0.16
Turner^^^-^^).
FeoOa
FeO
2.69
G.71
K0
0.46
MnO
CaO
MgO
0.49
11.31
16.31
P2O5
H,.0
1.40
tr.
09.46 per cent
Na^O
1.22
schists north of
by
Blasdale(i>.
Tremolite
Actinolite
SiOo
56.68
117
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
El Dorado Coiiuty
Station.
1.
2.
46.08
47.49
2.81
4.8S
at 100
ab. 100
7.07
KoO
Li20
1.62
0.34
uoue
0.75
0.49
tr.
NaoO
__
0.04
10.50
0.77
1.21
8.30
10.69
12.64
11.92
__
0.02
0.15
0.51
14.40
13.06
0.17
1.97
PsOs
0.18
uone
__
1.86
uoue
0.06
99.99%
=100.05
0=F
0.02 = 100.03
cavities of
lava near Bridgeport, with forms: (001), (010), (100), (110), (201),
(021), (T31), Schaller(6).
Placer County
at
Wisconsin Hill
gett,
with
calcite.
118
165.
Silicate of sodium,
GLAUCOPHANE Blue
Hornblende.
Monoolinic.
Generally fibrous massive. Cleavage perfect prismatic.
Color deep blue to bluish black. Streak grayish blue. Strongly pleochroic.
A'itreous luster.
H = 6 6.5 G = 3.1.
;
along the Coast Range and they have Ijeen described by Becker^^^,
Ransome<2), Lawson^D, Palache'^), J. P. Smith^i\ Murgoci^i), Hanks^^),
and
others.
differed
SiOs
54.52
52.39
FeoOa
FeO MgO
9.25
4.44
9.81
11.29
3.74
9.13
AloO.f
NaoO
K^O
HoO
TiO-
MnO
1.98
7.5G
O.IG
1.78
0.39
0.4G
3.03
6.14
tr.
2.57
0.14
CaO
10.33
11.37
tr.
=100.68%
99.80
W.
S. T.
Smith.
SiOo
AI2O3
55.02 4.75
FeoOa
10.91
CaO NaoO
K2O
H2O
9.46
2.38
0.27
undet.
tr.
9..30
7.62
=99.70%
MINERALS OP CALIFORNIA.
Cataplioritc
is
119
and arfved-
Plumas County
Crocidolite
in the syenite of
analysis of
SiOe
it
by A. K. Schellinger
is
given hy Rogers'-^^
120
169.
LAZURITE Lapis-Lazuli.
Silicate of
Massive.
Isometric.
H=:5
luster.
deep
Color
5.5;
= 2.38 2.45.
known
azuro-blue
lapis-lazuli
is
or
violet-blue.
rare,
and
is
Vitreous
only definitely
to be a
silver deposit.
are
said
to
diopside
170.
Silicate of
It
is
possibly a
GARNET.
Ca,Mg.Al,re,Cr,Mu,
etc.,
forming several
varieties.
G = 3.1 5 4.3.
Garnet
all
of the
is
known
common
varieties occur.
based on composition.
GrossuJarite, essonite, Injacinih,
net,
CaAloSi..(0,..
Connnon
cinnamon
stone.
Lime-alumina gar-
stone.
white,
and when
in serpentine
and
peridotite.
Deep blood-red
color.
Almandite.
gneisses
and
schists.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Lime-iron
Occurs usually in
Ca3Fe.,Si30io.
Yellow garnet.
Manganese-alumina garnet, MngALSiaOi,- Occurs usu-
Topazolite.
and
crystalline limestone
Spessartite.
Uvarovite.
tals coating
121
Chrome
garnet,
schist.
massive chromite.
Color emerald-green.
new mineral
b}-
Goldsmith*^^,
Alpine County
The
from
W.
this valley.
Butte County
in the sands of
the gravels at
17.7G
Kern County
0.20
5.00
35.01
0.13
J. L.
Smith^^^
=100.17%
G = 3.59
Massive near Hot Springs l)etween Havilah and Kernand on summit between Walker's Basin and Havilah.
Lassen County: Common at the Diamond mine.
Los Angeles County In sands at Mount Meadows.
j\Iarin County
Andradite crystals are common in the schist of the
Tiburon Peninsular.
Mariposa County: Massive ])rown almaiidite occurs on Mount Hoffman. Good crystals are found at the junction of Moore Creek and
:
ville
Mokelumne
River.
'
122
38.39
13.29
Nevada County
With wollastonite
18.58
0.81
7.88
G = 3.505
=100.84%
0.11
district.
Orange County
Pale
tr.
22.84
Placer County
0.79
0.26
Essonite
36.66
is
MgO
0.44
0.13
found
at
tr.
1.74
=100.40%
G = 3.485
Plumas County
Hope
mine.
One
Riverside County:
comb.
Crestmore,
by
and
wilkeite.
An
analysis of the
J.
AI0O3 FeoOs
21.11 3.95
O.GO
0.70
36.06
0.78
0.20
1.23
= 100.15% G = 3.39
San Benito County Fine green crystals were found coating chromite
and rhodochrome at New Idria, Brush^^^
San Diego County Fine crystals of transparent essonite garnet are
found in the tourmaline districts of Mesa Grande, Pala and Rincon and
hyacinth.
these have been extensively cut into gems under the name
Essonite also occurs about ten miles east of Jacumbe Hot Springs with
vesuvianite and quartz.
Garnet is found in the Julian district and at
Ballina.
Spessartite was reported from Mesa Grande but it may have
been essonite. Fine granular red at Rincon, Rogers^^)
Santa Barbara County Common in the sands at Point Sal.
Santa Clara County: A constituent of the eclogites of Calaveras
Valley, Murgoci^^^ Analysed from the omphacite-eclogite of Coyote
Creek by W. 0. Clarke, J. P. Smith^).
Si02
AI.O3
FeO
MgO
CaO
:
'
'
'
38.69
Shasta County
19.10
:
26.81
5.07
=100.38%
10.64
carboniferous limestone.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Siskiyou County
Sonoma County
Blake'
123
'^'.
Trinity County
Tulare County: White massive grossularite was found in the northwest corner of the county, which was analysed by Steiger, Kunz*^'^\
124
Huiiiboldt County: In the beach sands at Gold Bluff and also in the
Small amount
is
at
Ocean
Park.
Lindgren^^\
Plumas County
Law-
son^^^
of the county.
Aptos.
Siskiyou County
Yuba County
At the forks
of the
Salmon in sand.
sands at Marysville.
173.
Silicate of iron,
IDDINGSITE.
macropinacoidal.
H = 2..5;
G=2.S4.
many
other localities in
Monterey County
174.
first
Carmelo Bay.
WILLEMITE.
Very
little
Willemite
125
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
WERNERITE Scapolite.
175.
Tetragonal.
H = 5 6;
massive
Usually
name given
Color
granular.
= 2.66 2.73.
gray
white,
or
pink.
the
is
to a
silicate
of
Yesuvianite
a characteristic mineral
is
Nevada City
VESUVIANITE Idocrase.
176.
Basic
in a contact schist at
formed
It is often associated
with grossularite
garnet.
Califor nite.
jade,
named by
Kunz<^'*\
Butte County Good green californite occurs on the west side of the
North Fork of Feather River, near Big Bar. It occurs as streaks and
nodules in serpentine. Rogers^^^ mentions some water-worn pebbles
from the Feather River.
El Dorado County Brown crystals of vesuvianite occurred at the
:
1'.
SiO;
36.56
AI2O3
17.04
Fe^Os
MnO
CaO
MgO
KoQ
Ign.
5.93
0.18
35.94
1.07
0.51
2.00
Riverside County
are
J.
common
Buford Wright
SiO:
36.SS
=99.23%
AI2O3
17.61
G = 3.36.
FeoQs
3.11
FeO MnO
0.46
1.50
CuO
CaO
MgO
Na...O
1.00
33.27
4.73
0.34
H2O
0.01
= 99.57%
essonite garnet
126
127
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Nevada County:
Lindgren(^).
Nevada
City,
hesa. Schaller^^).
San Luis Obispo County The beach sands at Port Harford and
Pismo contain some zircon.
San Mateo County The beach sands of the county show a little of
:
the mineral.
Fort Jones have the forms: (100), (110), (101), (111), (311), (511),
Eakle<i>.
Trinity County:
City,
Yuba County
178.
Silicate of
TOPAZ.
aluminium aud
fluorine,
AUO.Fs) AlSi04.
Topaz
occvirs in veins in
It is
tourmaline aud other minerals whose formation has been due to the
action of gases on the constituents of the rock.
at Cherokee.
128
179.
Silicate of
Orthorhombic.
11
Color
Prisms.
aluminium, Al.SiOj.
gray,
piuk,
Vitreous
rose-red.
schists,
and
is
luster.
usually associ-
found
and
Mariposa.
Nevada County
Andalusite
is
Yalley, Lindgren*^^^
Riverside County
180.
SILLIMANITE Fibrolite.
Silicate of
aluminium, ALSiOj.
G = 3.23.
cyanite, andalusite
and
IMariposa County
staurolite.
Fairbanks^i^
constituent
of the
dumortierite gneiss at
Schaller*^^^.
181.
CYANITE Disthene.
Silicate of
Triclinic.
pinacoidal.
aluminium, AljSiOo.
Long slender
Color
or blade-like crystals.
Cleavage perfect macrosky-blue,
green,
white.
Vitreous to pearly lustei*.
H = 5 7; G = 8.56 3.67.
A common
andalusite, sillimanite
in schists
"
MINERALS OP CALIFORNIA.
Imperial County
the Cargo
129
Muchacho
cyanite.
Tuolumne County
Found
182.
Yankee
Hill.
DATOLITE.
dikes
Inyo County
B0O3
21.62
Si02
38.02
CaO
H2O
33.87
5.61
G = 2.988
=99.12%
crystals
datolite
Analysed by Schaller.
(T13), (T14),
(T16),
HoO
SiO,,
=99.34%
183.
20ISITE.
metamorphic
Cleavage perfect
Vitreous luster.
class of minerals
and
is
often
is
gabbros and plutonic rocks by alteration and pressure, and the process
of change
is
called
CUnozoisite.
" saussuritization.
Name
98560
130
Lake County
rocks at Sulphur
phur Bank.
SiOo
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
131
Meadow
Lake, Lindgren
Placer County
('')'(5).
Near Newcastle.
Plumas County With garnet and quartz on iMount Herbert.
San Bernardino County Common in the Monte Negros district,
:
Storms^i>.
38.22
25.12
8.75
1.25
0.19
22.77
tr.
O.il
0.06
H2O
at 105
ab. 105
TiO^
185.
ALLAN ITEOrthite.
black.
in the State
is
its
Color brownisb
reported occurrence
doubtful.
Barbara.
186.
PIEDMONTITE.
Reddish streak.
San Diego County Found in the thin section of a dark red quartzporphyry boulder from the gravels at Pacific Beach, Rogers^^^.
:
132
AXINITE.
187.
Borosilicate of
Thin wedge-shaped
Triclinic.
crystals.
Vitreous luster.
H = 6.5 7; G = 3.27
is
rather rare in
its
occurrence.
(130),
(1.29.0),
(160),
(160),
(270),
(7.11.0),
(110),
(540),
AloOs
16.38
Inyo County
FeO
CaO
MnO
MgO
B2O3
4.22
19.21
8.76
0.09
6.70
Found
in
H2O
1.85
=100.00%
Nevada County
Riverside County
Riverside, measured 9
:03
H2O
:
PREHNITE.
188.
Acid
silicate
99.83%
of calcium
altered diabase
Lotrite
is
Schaller,
from Smith
SiOi
SiOo
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
135
Fresno County
prise mine,
tains.
^Mariposa County
Black
is
very
common
Yosemite Valley.
Nevada County
Crystal Peak.
136
Grande
3.
Lost Valley
SiO,
5.
Black from
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
CHAPTER
137
IX.
Apophyllite
Okeuite
Heulandite
Laumontite
Margarite
Xanthophyllite
Celadonite
Chloritoid
KaoHnite
Ottrelite
Rectorite
Halloysite
Cimolite
Stilbite
Clinochlore
Chabazite
Analcite
Kotschubeite
Penninite
Kjimmererite
Prochlorite
Corundophyllite
Chalcodite
Muscovite
Mariposite
Paragonite
Chrysocolla
Chloropal
Nontronite
Stratopeite
Pilinite
Titano-silieates.
Titanite
Benitoite
Jefferisite
Not Grouped.
Neptunite
Lepidolite
Serpentine
Biotite
Dewey lite
Lepidomelane
Montmorillonite
Talc
Pyrophyllite
Roscoelite
194.
Hydrous
GYROLITE.
silicate of calcium,
Formed
Sepiolite
Chlorites.
Natrolite
Mesolite
Mieas.
Allophane
Brittle micas.
Zeolites.
HjCajSiaOg.HjO.
Vitreous luster.
by the alteration
of lime silicates.
32.00
0.22
1.2;
Ign.
13.21
New Almaden,
= 100.15%
138
Sau Francisco County A few crystals were found at Fort Point with
the forms (111) and (100), but most of them were largely changed into
:
OKENITE.
196.
Hydrous
Finely
and
fibrous
H = 4.5 5;
silicate
of calcium,
acicular.
Color
HoCaSioOg + HjO.
snow-white.
Luster
pearly.
G:=2.28.
Riverside County
The
at
Crestmore
is
its
optical properties.
197.
Hydrous
Monoclinic.
Platy crystals.
H:=3.5
4;
A zeolite formed as
HEULANDITE.
silicate of
coidal cleavage.
G = 2.18 2.2.
Perfect clinopina-
It is
probably present in the basaltic areas of the State, but has not been
reported.
San Diego County Occurs sparingly as pale brown crystals with stilForms: (010), (001), (201), (201), (110), Rogers^S).
:
bite at Rincon.
198.
Hydrous
silicate of
Monoclinic.
Radiating
= 2.2.5 2.36.
zeolite
LAUMONTITE.
Cleavage perfect
or divergent columnar.
= 3.o 4;
Color white. Vitreous luster.
other zeolites.
and
as a
pseudomorph
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
STILBITE.
199.
Hydrous
Commonly
11
ities
common
zeolite
clinopinacoidal.
luster.
silicate of
Monoclinic.
fect
139
brown.
rock.
It is
"been reported.
200.
Hydrous
silicate of calcium,
Hexagonal,
red.
CHABAZITE.
rhombohedral.
=4
Vitreous luster.
nearly
Crystals
5;
cubic.
G = 2.08 2.16.
Color
white,
flesh-
rock, usually in
201.
Hydrous
Isometric.
zeolite
ANALCITE.
Colorless to white.
of
silicate
Vitreous luster.
H=5
Sometimes quite
."...")
large.
G = 2.22 2.29.
It is also
found as an original
Santa
and
M-as
liarl)ara ('ounty
on the Berkeley
:
analysed by Fairbanks^^^^'*\
AloOj
CaO
Na^Q
K^O
Si02
54.40
23.04
0.21
Hills.
13.33
0.10
Ign.
8.46
=99.G3
G = 2.2G
1-40
202.
Hydrous
silicate of
Long
Orthorhombic.
Colorless to white.
matic.
NATROLITE.
county.
side
the
of
granular although some crystals with the forms (110) and (111) occur.
^.^^11
analysis
by
Blasdale.
AI2O3
27.14
SiOa
47.69
NaoO
H2O
15.74
9.5G
== 100.13%
Sierra County:
far
from
Petaluma.
203.
Hydrous
Triclinic.
Prismatic crystals.
ni
NaoALSi30io2H20 n CaAlaSisOm-SHjO.
Colorless to white.
perfect prismatic.
G=2.2
MESOLITE.
silicate of
2.4.
Shasta County:
Ventura Countv
MICAS.
The mica family consists of a number of silicates, having various
and complex compositions, which occur characteristically in thin elastic
scales and plates.
The common micas, muscovite and biotite, are very
important rock-forming minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks,
141
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
and are to be found all over the State. There are several rare micas
and alteration products of micas which have not been observed in California and will therefore not be mentioned.
MUSCOVITE Potash
204.
Hydrous
Hexagonal-shaped
Monoclinic.
Colorless,
basal.
perfect
age
H = 2 2.5; G = 2.76 3.
Muscovite
schists.
value
is
common
Sericite
is
its
and
is
of economic
Cleavluster.
and
plates,
gray,
It is generally called
when
Mica.
silicate of
which muscovite
is
schistose structure.
schists.
Fuchsite
Finite
is
to
compact muscovite or
205.
MARIPOSITE.
Mariposite
is
It is distinctly charac-
new
mineral by Silliman^^\
of
Mica.
rich in soda
and
this
mica
STATE MINING BUREAU.
142
LEPIDOLITE Lithia
207.
Mica.
Monoclinic.
Commonly in scaly masses sometimes in broad plates.
Cleavage perfect basal. Color lilac, lavender, violet-blue, pink to colorless.
= 2.5 4; G = 2.8 2.9.
Vitreous to pearly luster.
;
green tourmaline.
CooTxcite is a
hydrous
lithia mica,
BIOTITE
208.
Monoclinic.
Color
Broad
plates,
dark
black,
Magnesia
Mica.
basal.
foliated,
brown,
scaly,
green.
It is generally a
It is
present as a rock-forming
Lepidomelane
Iron Mica.
Black lepidomelane
ance, but
is
is
H = 3; G=3 3.2.
richer in iron.
It is
and appear-
35.62
2.61
15.24
4.69
13.67
0.74
0.95
tr.
0.26
12.70
tr.
H2O
Na-O
KoO
0.50
7.72
Amador County
of the
SiOo
F
none
=100.00%
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
143
TiOo
AI2O3
144
purple from Pala, Tourmaline Queen mine 2. Blue purple from Pala
3. Purple; 4. White; 5. Lepidolite border on muscovite from Mesa
;
Grande.
SiOo
51.12
50.95
50.34
51.25
50.85
FeO
FeoOs
AI2O3
22.20
23.97
28.71
25.62
26.78
MgO
MnO
Mn.Oa
CaO
NaoO
L,i20
0.80
1.34
5.12
2.28
0.82
1.29
4.63
2.39
tr.
2.39
1.59
tr.
4.31
1.91
0.10
4.27
1.41
0.11
noue
0.12
none
none
0..50
tr.
0.05
0.07
0.60
K2O
H2O
10.00
10.69
10.87
10.65
10.30
2.05
1.91
tr.
0=F
P2O5
0.04
0.04
=102.43
=102.80
=102.18
=102.60
=102.83
6.38
6.11
3.15
5.02
1.60
7.06
1.74
6.71
2.69= 99.74%
2.57=100.23
2.11= 100.07
2.97= 99.63
2.82=100.01
MnO
AI0O3
SiOe
35.53
44.23
tr.
MgO
CaO
tr.
tr.
LioO
2.73
NaoO
KoO
2.11
0.31
at 105
0.61
ab. 105
13.57
0=F
F
1.46
100.55
0.61
99.95%
and
as
is
found
is
at the
common
of muscovite have
ROSCOELITE Vanadium
209.
Rainbow mine.
at the Rawhide Ranch
come from the
Mica.
Vanadium
is
is
occa-
sionally
found
in small
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
145
SiOo
147
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
CLINOCHLORE.
214.
Hydrous
Monoclinic.
of
silicate
deep grass-green,
olive-green,
= 2.65 2.78.
IIsMgjAlsSiaOis.
compact.
Seal}-, earthj-,
Color
2.5;
and
is
common
in schists.
Kotschubeife
mium and
is
is
PENNINITE Rhodochrome.
215.
Hydrous
silicate of iron,
grass-green,
G = 2.6 2.85.
Penninite
Color
2.5;
rose-red.
violet,
more iron
is
Kdmmererite
Monoclinic.
emerald-green,
in its composition.
is
PROCHLORITE.
216.
Hydrous
silicate of
massive.
Monoclinic.
Scaly, foliated, granular,
Color green, blackish green, brown.
basal.
= 2.78-2.96.
Prochlorite
is
common
Forms
times brown.
CORUNDOPHYLLITE.
217.
Hydrous
Monoclinic.
Plates,
olive-green, leek-green.
This
is
a rarer
form
silicate of
lamellar
Pearly luster.
Cleavage
H = 2.5;
perfect
basal.
Color
= 2.9.
more
localities
CHALCODITE.
218.
Hydrous
Minute
scales.
silicate
Color
to subraetaliic luster.
Chalcodite
with a bronze
is
of
iron,
black,
Flexible.
yellowish
and
H = 3 4;
greenish
luster.
bronze.
Brassy
= 2.96.
minute
scales, often
148
219,
Hydrous
Broad
brown.
Pearly luster.
Jefferisite
scales
and
silicate of
is
JEFFERISITE.
magnesium, irou aud aluminium.
Cleavage perfect basal.
H = l.o; G = 2.30.
brown
plates.
149
MINER^U^S OF CALIFORNIA.
present.
It is
in magnesian
common
metamorphism
and
silicates,
has
it
all
of such rocks.
retinolite, porcellophitc,
commercial importance
chrj'sotile,
is
to be of value.
ranges in color from light green to greenish black but \evy little of it
can be utilized as an ornamental stone on account of its foliated and
Hill.
1.
2.
39.G4
41.86
1.30
0.29
0.69
0.24
Mariposa County
7.7G
4.15
:
0.12
0.20
37.13
38.63
__
__
0.33
tr.
13.81
14.16
=100.38%
99.93
near Mariposa.
39.14
2.08
4.27
2.04
39.84
tr.
12.70
New
=100.07%
]\Ielville
of a light
Idria.
CaO
Si02
MgO
H=o
= 100.03%
San Francisco County: Newberry^^^ gives an analysis
San Francisco.
MgO
HjO
SlOo
AI0O3
CroOs FeO MnO
CaO
of the serpen-
tine of
39.60
1.94
0.20
8.45
__
36.90
12.91
=100.00%
150
Santa Clara County: Small veins of clirysotile occur in the serpenNew Almaden.
Shasta County Large tibrous masses of clirysotile asbestos occur
tine near
'
'
satelite
'
comes from
'
Tuolumne County
effect
and
called
this county.
221.
Hydrous
Amorphous.
Greasy luster.
silicate of
DEWEYLITE.
magnesium, 4MgO.3SlO2.6H2O.
Massive,
gum-like.
= 2 3.5; G = 2
Color
may
State
is
yellowish,
whitish,
reddish.
2.2.
Its
occurrence in the
known.
county.
222.
Hydrous
aluminium, HjALSi^Ojo-nHoO.
Color rose-red.
Massive, clay-like.
MONTMORILLONITE.
silicate of
Soft.
analysis.
223.
Hydrous
magnesium, HoMg3Si40,2-
Color
Monocliuic.
Foliated massive to granular and compact massive.
Greasy luster and feel.
gray, white, pale green, apple-green, brown.
= l 1.5; G 2.7 2.8.
Talc
is a
forming
very
common mineral
talc schists
and
talc
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
151
152
Sierra County
Pike City.
Siskiyou County
WoUey
Sonoma County:
It is
224.
Hydrous
PYROPHYLLITE.
silicate of
aluminium, H2Al2Si40i2.
talc.
It
its
properties that
it
is
Agalmatolite
is
an indurated
carved into
small ornaments.
Alameda County
Marin County A
:
found on
Mount Tamalpais.
Mariposa County Gray masses of radiating, fibrous rosettes occur at
Tres Cerritos, southwest of Indian Gulch, which have been described
:
this locality
has
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
225.
Hydrous
Amorphous.
ALLOPHANE.
alumiDium, ALSiOs.SHoO.
silicate of
Incrustations.
H = 3; G = 1.S5
reous luster.
153
Vit-
1.89.
This
SEPIOLITE Meerschaum.
226.
Hydrous
silicate of
magnesium, H^MgaSiaOio.
Compact.
H 1=2
Sepiolite occurs as a
When
feel.
dry
Dull luster.
it floats
occurrence in California
is
doubtful.
CELADON ITE.
227.
Hydrous
silicate of iron,
Earthy or in minute
Greasy feel.
scales.
Very
green.
An
talc.
228.
Hydrous
Monocliuic.
sive,
earthj-,
luster.
silicate of
aluminium, ALO3.2SiO2.II2O.
H=2
2..'5;
G = 2.G.
Plastic.
It is
good clays come from the alteration of the potash feldspar, orthoclase.
clay it is usually quite impure with iron, sand and other impurities,
As
many
varieties
loss plasticity,
the
154
highly plastic kinds being used for pottery and chinaware while the
sandy and less plastic kinds may make bricks and terra-cotta ware.
There are extensive deposits of clay in the State and Aubury^^) gives
the location of some of them. Many analyses of clay are also available,
but these analyses and the many occurrences of clay in the State are
beyond the scope of this book.
Rock soap and Mountain soap are names applied to impure clay-like
masses having a soapy feel. They belong perhaps under the species
talc, halloysite,
LitJwmargc
halloysite.
ville,
or montmorillonite.
is
at the old
Napa County.
F idler's
earth
and purifying
is
fats
and
oils.
RECTORITE.
229.
Hydrous
silicate of
Monocliuic.
In leaves like
Color white. Pearly luster.
aluminium, Al2O3.2SiO2.H2O.
mountain
leather.
Soft
soapy
with
feel.
feel.
It is a
rare mineral.
Amador County
Found
analysed by Hillebrand.
by
Turner*^^)
and
155
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Mono
Lake, by Clarke(i>.
AI2O3
38.40
SiO..
42.91
Fe,03
CaO
MgO
HoQ
tr.
0.00
1.50
18.00
=101.05%
San Diego County IMassive pink halloysite occurs at Pala with the
gem tourmaline and has been analysed by Schaller^^^
K2O
LioO
NaeO
CaO
MgO
MnO
SiOo
AI2O3
FeaO.-!
TiOe
:
uoue
43.62
Ventura County
made bv Merrill.
An
analysis of lenzinite
Amorphous.
G = 2.18 2.30.
silicate of
from
this
0.03
0.10
=100.18%
CIMOLITE.
231.
Hydrous
0.19
0.23
H:.0
at 107 ab. 107
12.25
6.63
1.02
0.26
0.21
35.55
aluminium, 2AL03.9SiOo6H20.
Clay-like or chalky.
Soft.
An
Lake.
232.
Hydrous
CHRYSOCOLLA.
silicate of copper,
Opal-like, earthy,
Cryptocrystalline.,
turquois-blue.
CuSi03.2H20.
incrustations.
H = 2 4 G = 2 2.24.
;
is
It
districts of
occurs as an
tion.
Amador County
Calaveras County
and
Common at Volcano.
Common as a staining
:
material at
Campo Seco
at Copperopolis.
morph
at the
at the
Occurs pseudo-
Los Angeles County: Reported from the old Kelsey mine, San GaCanyon by Storms^^\
Mariposa County: In streaks near IMariposa.
Mono County: Common at Lundy and Benton districts. With partzite at the Diana mine, Blind Springs district.
briel
156
Meadow
of
Valley and
also at Spenceville.
Plumas County
Mohawk
Engels
at the
Valley.
tain.
Common
in the Julian
Compact massive,
luster.
districts.
CHLOROPAL.
233.
Hydrous
and Banner
silicate of iron,
Hf,Fe2Si30i2.2H0.
opal-Iike.
Chloropal
is
Nontronitc
Dull
a yellowish variety.
is
at
Georgetown altered
to limonite.
Kern County
east of Bakersfield.
this
county.
Placer County
STRATOPEITE Neotocite.
234.
Hydrous
Amorphous.
silicate of
manganese and
Dull
luster.
iron.
H = 3 4; G = 2.G4.
235.
Hydrous
Found
silicate
of
PILINITE.
calcium and aluminium.
G=2.26.
Santa Clara County Found on quartz
Yuba County Occurs at Smartsville.
:
luster,
at
New Almaden.
157
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
TITANO
SILICATES.
TITAN ITESphene.
236.
Wedge-shaped
Moiioclinic.
crystals,
G = 3.4 3.56.
Titanite
is
common
sometimes
Adamantine
massive.
luster.
Color
H = 5 5.5.
It
and large
Leucoxene
is
and
Titanite
is
mentioned as an associate of
crossite
is
Fine Gold
Gulch.
]\Iarin
County
Plumas County
Leucoxene
is
is
Titanite
Schaller(5).
237.
BENITOITE.
to
Hexagonal,
deep blue.
rhomboliedral.
G = 3.04 3.65.
Prisms
Vitreous luster.
Colorless
H = G.5;
of this
158
gonal habit.
The
serpentine and have associated with them neptnnite, chalcocite, chrysocolla, actinolite, crossite, albite, aegyrine, caleite,
lane.
W.
C. Blasdale
Sp. G.
43.79
= 3.64 3.G7
=100.10
36.31
20.00
238.
NEPTUNITE.
Monoclinic.
Prismatic crystals.
Streak cinnamon-brown.
Vitreous luster.
H = 5 6; G = 3.234.
An
SiOa
analysis
TiOs
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
CHAPTER
159
X.
Monazite
Triphylite
Lithiophilite
Apatite
Pyromorphite
Amblygouite
Lazulite
Vivianite
Plumbogummite
Purpurite
Turquois
Hureaulite
Palaite
Stewartite
Salinonsite
Strengite
Sicklerite
^'alla(latcs.
Pucherite
Vanadinite
Cuprodescloizite
Volborthite
Arsenates.
Mimetite
Erythrite
Annabergite
Scorodite
Liroconite
Pitticite
Antimonates.
Bindheimite
yitrates.
Soda niter
Borates.
Lndwigite
Borax
Colemanite
Ulexite
Ilydroboracite
Bakerite
Howlite
Aiobatcs-ta ntalates.
Pyrochlore
Microlite
Columbite
Stibiotantalite
Tungstates.
Hiibnerite
Wolframite
Niter
Scheelite
Nitrocalcite
Ciiproscheelite
Darapskite
Nitroglauberite
Moli/bdatc.
Wiilfenite
Uranates.
Uraninite
Uracouite
PHOSPHATES.
The only phosphate
phoric acid
is
and lime
phosphate rock, deposits of which have not been found in the State.
Masses of amblygouite occur, which have been mined for lithia, and
veins and seams of turquois are mined for the gem, but the rest of the
phosphates are very rare in the State.
239.
MONAZITE.
(Ce,La.Di)P04.
Mouoclinic.
Commonly in grains as sand. Color yelCrystals rare.
lowish brown, sometimes reddish.
Vitreous to resinous luster.
H = .j a.o
G = 5.0.
Monazite has been detected in the black sands and concentrates from
some of the mines but no deposits of tiiis important mineral are known
in the State.
Its presence in the sands has been noted by Day and
Richards<i>.
160
Butte County
Eock Creek.
Del Norte County
of Little
240.
TRIPHYLITE.
Commonly
Orthorhombic.
bluish
gray,
light
blue,
G= 3.42 3.56.
iron,
LjFePOi.
Cleavage
perfect
green.
Vitreous luster.
massive.
grayish
basal.
Color
H = 4.o 5;
associated with
lithiophilite
241.
LITHIOPHILITE.
Found with
242.
and purpurite
and Schaller^^^.
triphylite
as
an
altera-
APATITE.
H = 5; G = 3.17 3.23.
many
of the rocks of
Found
in
of Berkeley.
Fresno County
MINERALS OP CALIFORNIA.
Plumas County
161
goci*^^\
Rogers'^\
Mesa Grande.
San Francisco County: Mentioned by Lawson^^)
jj^
^j^p
rocks of
San
Francisco.
243.
PYROMORPHITE.
Adamantine
luster.
massive.
as
at
El Dorado County
Coulterville.
Tulare County
trict,
Found
in the
dis-
Goodvear*^^
244.
AMBLYGONITE.
Generally
massive.
This
is
an important
Cleavage
fluorine,
perfect
Li(AlF)P04.
basal.
Color
white.
H = 6; G = 3.10.
lithia mineral,
is
known
in
the State.
A large
mined
at
Schaller(3).
Pl-O.-.
48.83
162
245.
LAZULITE.
Monoclinic.
reous luster.
Lazulite
is
H = 5 6 G = 3.05.
Color azureV)]ue.
Vit-
rocks.
Inyo County
schist in Breyfogle
rock at Oceanside.
246.
VIVIANITE.
Hydrous phosphate
of iron, FeaPoOs-SHjO.
Monoclinic.
Long prismatic crystals, earthy, incrustations. Cleavage
Color generally sky-blue or green, rarely colorless.
perfect clinopinacoidal.
= 1.5 2 G = 2.58 2.68.
Pearly to dull luster.
Raymond.
They showed
and were
MINERALS OP CALIFORNIA.
PURPURITE.
247.
Hjdrous phosphate
^
of
luster.
163
Color
deep
red
or
purple.
Satin
One of the very rare minerals associated with the pegmatites of San
Diego County. Of a deep red or purple color.
San Diego County Found at Pala in a pegmatitic dike on Hiriart
Hill, associated with lithiophilite and triphylite, Graton and Schaller^^).
:
TURQUOIS.
248.
Hydrous phosphate
aluminium. AlP04.Al(OH)3.HoO.
of
Massive.
apple-green.
Waxy
H = 6;
luster.
G =2.6
l)luish
gem
district.
249.
Hydrous phosphate
PLUMBOGUMMITE.
of lead
massive.
5;
Inyo County
A specimen
G=4
HoO.
Color
reddish
4.9.
found
at the
250.
Hydrous phosphate
Monoclinic.
red, i-ose
Groups
and nearly
manganese, 5MnO.2P2O5.5H2O.
of short prisms.
colorless.
HUREAULITE.
of
Color orange-
H = 5; G = 3.18.5.
in the Stewart
mine
at Pala
and men-
164
PALAITE.
251.
Hydrous phosphate
of inausanese,
Crystalline masses.
MonoclinicV
5MnO.2P2O3.4H2O.
G = 3.14 3.20.
Color flesh-red.
Analysis
FeO
MnO
CaO
40.S7
l.TT
7.4S
P0O5
39.02
FeoOs
0.16
LijO
Insol.
tr.
0.S9
=100.62%
STEWARTITE,
252.
Tricliuic?
H2O
10.43
Found
mine
in the Stewart
at Pala as
an abund-
ant alteration product of lithiophilite. Finely fibrous doubly refracting mineral probably triclinic. Described by Schaller^i'*^
SALMONSITE.
253.
Hydrous phosphate
Massive.
of
manganese and
Fe203.9Mn0.4P205.14H20.
G=2.S8.
Color buff-yellow.
iron.
new mineral
resulting
from the
alteration of
associated
analysed by Schaller'^**'.
FeO
MnO
CaO
0.13
and blue
37.74
1.06
strengite.
Analysis:
P2O3
34.86
FeaOa
9.53
H2O
Insol.
15.73
1.40
=100.45%
STRENGITE.
254.
Hydrous phosphate
of iron.
FeoO3.P2O5.4H2O.
mine
Described and
Found
Color pale
in the Stewart
mine
at
Pala associated
165
MINERALS OP CALIFORNIA.
SICKLERITE.
255.
lithia,
Fe203.0Mn0.4Po05.3(Li,II)20.
G=3.45.
Massive.
San Diego County Occurs in cleavable nuisses at tlic Vanclerl)urgNaylor mine on Hiriart Hill, near Pala. Dark l)ro\vn mineral resulting from the alteration of lithiophilite. Described and analysed by
:
Analysis:
Sehaller<^i-'\
MnO
CaO
33.00
0.20
Mn^O:!
2.10
Fe^Os
11.26
P,.Or.
H2O
LioO
Insol.
43.10
1.71
3.S0
4.1S
=09.95%
WILKEITE.
256.
red.
Hexagonal.
Vitreous
Small
luster.
prismatic
11
It
crystals
and
grains.
Color
pale
rose-
= 5; G = 3.234.
is
new mineral
in the
and
0.77
20.S5
12.28
CQo
SiO^
9.G3
2.10
HoO
tr.
=100.00%
VANADATES.
The minerals containing vanadium are exceedingly rare and are only
represented by a few specimens.
PUCHERITE.
257.
Vanadate
BiVO^.
of bismuth,
San Diego County: The yellow bismuth ocher wliich occurs at tiie
Pala Chief mine, near Pala, has been determined by Schaller'-'' to be
pucherite, with the following composition
H,.(
Ki:.O.i
V0O-.
Insol.
(JG.14
25.80
7.37
at 107
0.21
at 240
Ign.
0.32
0.84
=100.68%,
166
VANADINITE.
258.
Hexasoual.
Somewhat
(PbCl)Pb4(VO,)3.
cliloriue
Color deep
ruby-red.
sometimes yellow.
H = 3; G=6.66 7.23.
resinous luster.
Camp
259.
DESCLOIZITE Cuprodescloizite.
Vanadate
of lead, zinc
and copper.
Minute
colorless
Camp
Signal, Schaller^i^)
260.
Hydrous vanadate
VOLBORTHITE.
of copper,
to
Mammoth Copper
antimony.
They
261.
MIMETITE.
Hexagonal.
Brown
Color
and occur-
rences.
167
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
262.
Hydrous arsenate
Monocliuic.
Color peach-blossom
pinacoidal.
Bloom.
of cobalt, CosASjOs-SHjO.
H- 1.5 2.5;
red.
Pearly
G = 2.95.
at the old
Found
in rock
Beryessa Valley.
263.
ANNABERGITE Nickel
Hydrous arsenate
Mouoclinic.
luster.
Very
Bloom.
of nickel, NiaAszOg-SHoO.
Color apple-green.
Vitreous
soft.
compound
this nickel
county.
264.
SCORODITE.
Hydrous arsenate
liver-brown.
of iron,
Mariposa County
FeAs04.2H;0.
Orthorhombic.
168
LIROCONITE.
265.
Hydrous arsonate
of
Streak blue
Inyo County The very rare copper arsenate was found at the old
Cerro Gordo mine associated with other rare copper salts.
:
266.
PITTICITE.
Color brown.
B[
= 2 3; G = 2.2 2.5.
Mariposa County Dark l)rown amorphous pitticite resembling limowas found with scorodite as an alteration product of arsenopyrite,
on the South Merced River, near the mouth of Devil's Gulch, Rogers^^).
:
nite
267.
BINDHEIMITE.
Hydrous antimonate
Amorphous.
of lead, Pb3Sb20s.4HoO.
Brown
Inyo County
W.
P. Blake(6).
NITRATES.
The
form
in arid regions
and are
therefore peculiar to desert lands where they are sometimes left as white
incrustations by evaporation.
Some
268.
Saltpeter.
perfect
169
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
NITER Saltpeter.
269.
Nitrate of potassium.
Orthorhombic.
KX<K.
H = 2: G = 2.09 2.14.
Vitreous luster.
Color white.
Inyo County: The common saltpeter occurs with the soda niter in
the Death Valley region.
tufts
and
masses.
Araargosa
NITROCALCITE.
270.
Hydrous nitrate
Silky
in the
of calcium.
Ca(X03):.n HjO.
Color
Efflorescent.
white
or
gray.
Sharp,
bitter taste.
The
the niter beds of the lower end of Death Valley, according to Bailey(i>.
DARAPSKITE.
271.
Hydrous sulphato-nitrate
Tetragonal.
Square tabular
NaNOs.NaoSOi.HoO.
of sodium.
ciystals.
Colorless.
272.
NITROGLAUBERITE.
Hydrous sulphalo-nitrate
Fibrous masses.
of sodium.
OXaNO3.2Na2SO4.3H2O.
Color white.
BORATES.
The element boron
in
many
is
widely distributed
in the State.
It is
present
much
170
much
volcanic activity,
273.
LUDWIGITE.
Orthorliombic.
H = 5; G = 3.91 4.02.
Silky luster.
BORAXTincal.
274.
Hydrous borate
Monocliuic.
Crystals,
H = 2 2.5;
to dull luster.
of sodium,
NaaBiOr.lOHoO.
powder, incrustations.
G=: 1.69
1.72.
Colorless,
white.
Greasy
is
common
it
at
many
Tincalconite.
name given
to
it
solid
white
efflorescent
variety
by
Shepard^^).
Inyo County
The
Wells.
Lake County The first discovery of borax in the State was made at
Borax Lake, a few miles south of Clear Lake. Fine large
crystals were obtained from the mud of the lake bottom, and considerable borax was dredged from this lake before the more important
deposits of San Bernardino were discovered.
W. P. Blake^^^ and
:
Little
this occurrence.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
171
common at some
none is produced.
San Bernardino County The most important deposit of natural
borax in the State occurs at Searles Borax Lake in the northern part
It
Hanks*^^) and others have described this deposit.
of the county.
consists of a pan-like depression about 10 miles long by 5 miles wide
and borax occurs with numerous other salts deposited by the evaporated
waters of the lake. The associated minerals forming layers in the
deposit are mainly sulphates and carbonates of sodium and it is now
mainly for these that the deposit is worked. This locality is noted for
the great variety of interesting salts that have formed by the evaporaRiverside County
])ut
.sions in
many
numerous depresthe Mojave desert and in the lower end of Death Valley.
Borax
Borate and at
also occurs at
of the
COLEMANITE.
275.
Hydrous borate
of calcium, Ca2BoOn-5H-.0.
Crystals, massive.
Cleavage perfect clinopinacoidal. ColorMouocliuic.
4Vitreous luster.
4.5; G=:2.42.
less, white, yellowish-white.
H=
was
first
is
is
known
is
and immense solid veins or beds of the mineral occur. The important
mine is the Lila C, at Ryan, Avhich has been described by Gale^^^ The
mineral was first analysed by Price^^^ with the results shown in analysis
No. 1. Analyses 2, 3 and 4 are by Whitfield^^).
B2O3
CaO
AI2O3 FeaOs
MgO
SiOs
H2O
1.
2.
3.
4.
28.43
27.31
27.36
27.40
(4S.12)
50.70
49.56
49.02
__
0.10
0.60
0.25
0.2G
0.G5
__
0.44
0.47
22.20
21.87
22.66
22.70
pscudomorphs after
99.98%
=100.27
=100.45
=:
ulexite
in
Deatii
Valley.
1'
An
shows
it
to
and
calls neocolemanite.
It
occurs as
thin and thick seams, almost vertical, ami has considerable howlite
associated with
it.
l)een described
and analysed by
172
Eakle.
(201), (301), (241), (231), (221), (661), (221), (223), (211), (263).
B0O3
49.45
CaO
HoO
27.76
22.4S
= 2.423"
at 13'
C.
at Bor-
and became the principal source of the mineral, but the works
of 1883
are
Sp. G.
=99.69%
now abandoned.
The
Forms: (001), (010),
(100),
(110),
(210),
by Jackson^ ^^
(120),
(130),
^2) (3)
(370),
(10.19.0),
(Oil),
(021),
(201), (101), (TOl), (201), (301), (401), (601), (111), (311), (711),
(10.1.1),
(19.19.6),
(771),
(331),
(731), (131),
(121),
(Til),
(221),
(331), (411), (311), (211), (721), (321), (231), (T21), (241), (T31),.
(412).
(232),
^j.^.
(310),
(301), (502), (801), (522), (142), (141), (164), (165), (232), (T23),
(T82), (341).
Analysis No. 1
1.
2.
is
CaO
B0O3
47.64
49.70
27.97
27.42
0.19
__
0.13
__
__
by Bodewig^^^
SiOj
1.28
__
H2O
22.79
22.2G
=99.38%
Lake, Hanks^^^^
hauer(i)
and
Campbell^i)'2).
Eakle^2)(8)
of
Very
soft.
The white
<i)(2)(3).
ULEXITE Cotton-balls.
276.
Hydrous borate
Gale
fine
fibers.
Color white.
Silky luster.
G = 1.6.j.
silky balls of ulexite are frecjuently
found
at
some of the
Inyo County Ulexite masses are found at some of the sinks in the
Death Valley.
Kern County Ulexite Avas mentioned from the Cane Spring District
by Silliman^^^ Found in quantity in the bed of an extensive salt
marsh a few miles north of Desert AVells, W. P. Blake ^^^\
:
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Los Angeles County: FoiinJ
173
in conipact
manite.
Desert.
HYDROBORACITE.
277.
Fibrous
Monoclinic.
G = 1.9
masses.
Color
wbite
witb
red
spots.
H = 2;
2.
Calico but in
at
subordinate amounts.
Ventura County
Said to occur
at the
Mountains.
278.
Hydrous
Amorpbous.
BAKERITE.
SCaO.oB.Os.eSiO.-GH.O.
silico-borate of calcium.
Massive.
liorate
H=
4..j
was found
G = 2.73.
in the
Mojave
and
named by
Described and
ulexite.
Wbite
Faint green
Giles' ^>.
CaO
BoOs
27.74
26.85
279.
HOWLITE.
OrthorhombicV
luster.
Howlite
present
it
Round
nodules,
H = 1 3.5; G = 2.5.
is
is
massive,
Il5Ca-,B5Si034.
cbalkj-.
Colcr
wbite.
it
Dull
to the silica
oxide.
common
45.5G
14.S1
28.20
ll..!7
=100.38%
174
Giles^^^
material
by
Wm.
Analyses No.
made by
Lawson.
Giles.
1 is of soft scaly,
Analysis No. 3
is
rock-like
made
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
175
San Diego County: Crystals from the Little Three mine, near
Forms: (100), (010), (110),
Ramona, were described by Eakle^^)
(130), (150), (160), (021), (111), (221), (211), (121), (131), (141).
Small imperfect crystals found at the Victor mine, Rincon, have the
forms (100), (210), (130), (103), (133), Rogers'^).
283.
STIBIOTANTALITE.
(209),
(203), (4.12.9).
(203),
tantalium to antimonv.
(Nb,Ta)205
(4.12.9),
(043),
(100),
(110),
(130),
(209),
176
crystals
is in an andalusite schist.
Mariposa County: Crystals and massive wolframite have been found
near Buchanan.
San Bernardino County Veins of wolframite with some scheelite
have been located in the Clark Mountains.
285.
SCHEELITE.
Pyramidal
Mtreous luster.
Tetragonal.
brown.
Scheelite
is
crystals
and
H = 4.5 5;
massive.
G=5.9
Color
white,
deposits exist.
It is
yellow,
6.1.
and important
in quartz-feldspar veins
:
quartz ledge at
Howard
Hill,
Small amounts
and feldspar occur at the Union Hill mine. Grass Valley, and is mined.
San Bernardino County The most important veins of scheelite occur
at Atolia in the Papoose and other claims.
The scheelite occurs in a
quartz-feldspar vein, and is generally intimately mixed with the gangue,
forming a low grade ore. Some scheelite is associated with wolframite
:
in Clark Mountain.
scheelite
has been
found at
Julian.
Siskiyou County
Bar.
Tulare County
CUPROSCHEELITE Cuprotungstite.
286.
H=
incrustations.
4..5
Color
olive-green,
pistachio-green.
A'itreous
5.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
WULFENITE.
287.
Molybdate of
lead.
PbMoO,.
Tetrag:onaI.
Inyo C'ouuty
177
Gordo mine.
Kern County: Wulfenite "vvas found
Cane
of
Springs, Hanks^^\
at the
Hill.
at the
Fairview mine.
URANATES.
The uranium minerals are very rare and only one or two specimens
of them have been found in California.
active
so
it is
a very valuable
mineral.
288.
Uranate
U RAN
NITE Pitchblende.
of uranyl, lead
Crystals
rare.
found
it
was
clav, Rickard"^'.
289.
URACONITE Uranocher.
Hydrous uranate or sulphato-urauate.
Amorphous, earthy or
scaly.
Color lemon-yellow.
Calaveras County: This occurs as an alteration product of pitcliblende at the Ratgeb mine, in coatings immediately in contact with the
gold, Rickard^i>.
12
s.".(>o
178
CHAPTER
XI.
SULPHATES.
Anhydrous.
Mascagnite
Thenardite
Arcanite
Glauberite
Barite
H i/flroKS.
Mirabilite
Sonomaite
Gypsum
Coqiilmbite
Epsomite
Morenosite
Alnnogen
Sulfohalite
Melanterite
Pisanite
Boothite
Chalcanthite
Bbklite
Hanksite
Boiissingaultite
Leadhillite
Kalinite
Caledonite
Brocbautite
Linarite
Halotrichite
Celestite
Auglesite
Anhydrite
Tschermigite
HYDROCARBONS.
Napalite
Copiapite
Knoxvillite
Rediugtonite
Botryogen
Almiite
Jarosite
Na.O
180
the State.
Mono County:
Napa County:
ville,
with cinnabar
common
at this mine.
at
the
Eakle"^.
of
Indian Valley.
Also
as a
gangue in the
and yellow
as white
common
at the Imperial
mine.
Point.
Creek.
181
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
295.
CELESTITE.
Orthorhombic.
less,
pale bluish.
3.5;
G = 3.95 3.97.
Color-
296.
of
as
ANGLESITE.
Orthorhombic.
Adamantine
gray, brown.
very
and massive.
PI
common
it is
Inyo County
is
crj'stals
luster.
and
heimite, galena
linarite at the
with linarite and caledonite have come from this mine, with the forms
(111), (122), Eakle(7>.
Anglesite occurs with galena in the Benton district.
Mono County
297.
ANHYDRITE.
bluish white.
Inyo County
Found massive
mines.
Mono County
Mammoth
mine. Mineral
Hill.
Orange County
Found
in the Santa
Ana
]\Iountains, near
Anaheim,
Hanks<6).
as
one of the
182
SULFOHALITE.
298.
Isometric.
Sail
Bernardino County
Found
Color
H = 8.5; G = 2.4S9.
^"it^eous luster.
small
as
implanted on
crystals
(100).
CI
NaaCOs
13.12
1.77
SOa
42.48
NaoSOi
7.5.41
NaCI
NaoCOc
21.G2
1.77
=9S.S0%
Sp.G = 2.4S9
HANKSITE.
299.
Hexagouol.
H=
.3
.3..");
Prismatic.
(t
= 2..jG2.
tabular.
Taste
salt is quite
Color
common
in 1885
and
its
luster.
where
was discovered as a
new mineral
Vitreous
white.
saliue.
occurrence
is
It
State.
Inyo County Some hanksite is found with the borax in the sinks of
Death Valley.
San Bernardino County: First discovered at Searles Borax Lake as
one of the numerous crystallization products and was described as a
new mineral and named by Hidden^^), with an analysis by Mackintosh.
Forms: (0001), (lOTO), (lOTl), (2021), (4045). Analysed by Mackintosh, Dana and Penfield^i^ and by Pratt^^).
:
NaoO
COo
Cl
Mackintosh
4.">.89
5.42
2.-3(3
46.-34
Penfield
43.-59
5.42
2.13
Pratt
4.5.93
5.65
2.21
45.78
5.63
2.28
40.86
43.35
43.61
SO3
300.
KoO
Insol.
Ign.
__
2.33
2.48
2.31
LEADHILLITE.
Tabular
yellowish, greenish.
crystals.
Cleavage perfect basal. Color white,
= 2.5; G = 6.26 6.49.
Vitreous to pearly luster.
(110), (100),
and
a prism. Rogers'^'.
MINERALS OF CALIFORXIA.
183
CALEDONITE.
301.
Color
bluish
H = 2.5 3;
G = 6.4.
Inyo Comity
and brochantite
linarite
Forms: (001), (110), (010), (Oil), (111), (201), (021), (012), (013),
(221), (223), (014), (203).
BROCHANTITE.
302.
Orthorhombic. Small
crystals.
perfect
brachypinacoidal.
Cleavage
Vitreous luster.
H^S.-j
Color emerald-green, dark greeu.
4; G = .3.907.
Calaveras County
crystals, derived
from
Inyo County
Cerro
Gordo
mine,
(110),
(010),
(120),
(001),
(012),
(101),
(041), Eakle''>.
LINARITE.
303.
perfect
Inyo County Beautiful divergent, columnar masses of deep azureblue linai'ite were obtained in the Cerro Gordo mines during the early
days of mining there, the specimens sometimes being banded with green
:
Forms: (001
(716),
(T4.0.1),
the orthopinacoid.
(302),
).
(210).
(211).
(012),
(Oil),
Crystals
(203),
(Tl2),
show twinning on
184
MIRABILITE Glauber
304.
Hydrous sulphate
Monoclinic.
reous luster.
of sodium,
Salt.
Na2SO4.10H2O.
H = 1.5 2; G = 1.48.
aud
Vit-
M-hitc.
efifiorescences
and
it
is
305.
GYPSUM Gypsite.
Hydrous sulphate
Monoclinic.
perfect
clinopinacoidal.
luster.
H = 1.5;
Gypsum
is
massive,
Crystals,
Colorless,
= 2.31 2.32.
of calcium,
common mineral in
gypsum are exceptional.
a very
CaS04.2H20.
Cleavage
Vitreous
The
locations of
mineral
is
re-
at
Sulphur
Creek.
at
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Imperial County
five
Yellow
selenite has
185
come from
a locality about
29.5
40.7
19.1
29.9
40.8
19.4
uone
none
0.4
0.7
5.3
1.7
1.2
0.6
__
0.3
__
G.l
1.4
2.0
0.5
__
99.2%
=100.4
Impure gypsite is common in the oil districts and some has been
mined in the McKittrick district. Deposits are said to exist on Cottonwood Creek, about sixteen miles east of Bakersfield. Beds of gypsum
occur in the bed of old Kern Lake, about twenty miles soutliAvest of
Bakersfield and five miles from Connor.
Some gypsite occurs on the
shores of Buena Vista Lake.
Selenite is found with stibnite at the old
San Emidio antimony mine. Small deposits of gypsite occur near
Cane Springs.
Kings County: Gypsite occurs in deposits on the range of low hills
southeast of Dudley and on Kettleman Plains, about five miles northeast of
Dudley.
served at
Honey Lake.
186
Some also
Gypsum is
Lake.
Amboy which
at Fort Point.
Some
Arroya Grande.
Santa Barbara County
alabaster occurs at
singaultite.
Stanislaus County
Tulare County
east of Nordhoff.
Selenite occurs in
306.
Lockwood Valley.
Hydrous sulphate
of
Salts.
maguesium, MgSOi.THoO.
common
in eaves
Long
is
mined.
common
in the cinna-
Commercial epsomite
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
rmperial County: Mentioned
Emory ^^^
l)y
187
occurring in white
as
307.
MORENOSITE.
Orthorhombic.
XiSOi.TH.O.
to coat a
Color apple-j;reen
Taste metallic.
308.
MELANTERITE Copperas.
white.
Melanterite
common formation
is
Cleavage basal.
= 1.89 1.9
marcasite.
the
FeO
SOs
HoO
CuO
MgO
28.1
p,1.2
42.0
none
none
as stalactites in the
=101.3%
in the old
Shasta County:
Common
at
Copper
of the county.
Sonoma County
Petaluma.
CuO
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
and unimportant.
189
is
manufactured
product.
Alameda County
Alma
It is
common
in small crj^stals
Schaller(i>.
190
314.
Hydrous sulphate
Isometric.
Alum.
of
H = 2 2.5; G = 1.7.5.
Alum
Color white.
fine fibrous.
Vitreous luster.
taste.
Com-
is
Rogers' ^\
TSCHERMIGITE Ammonium
315.
Hydrous sulphate
Isometric.
luster.
of
of
aluminium and
Silky fibrous.
Alameda Count}^
near Livermore.
as
an
HALOTRICHITE Iron
316.
Hydrous sulphate
Color white.
H = l 2; G = 1.5.
Monoclinic?
Alum.
Found
iron,
Vitreous
efflorescence at Stilphur
Alum.
PeS04.Alo(S04)3.24H20.
Ink
taste.
Eureka tunnel,
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
SONOMAITE Magnesia
317.
Hydrous sulphate
of
Colorless crystals.
Sonoma County
county
l)y
Silky luster.
Alum.
.'3Mg.S04.Al2(S04).,..3.3H20.
G = 1.G0.
Goldsmith' ^\
A120:,
No
191
locality
was
giyen.
this
192
COPIAPITE.
320.
Hydrous sulphate
of irou, 2Feo03.5S03.18H20.
Monocliuic.
Color sulphur-yellow.
Pearly
H = 2.5; G = 2.10.
luster.
Alameda County
Found
Alma
mine, Leona
AL.O3
Fe^-Os
FeO
MgO
HoO
Insol.
3S.3G
0.31
2.5.04
0.44
0.29
29.71
5.43
Lake County
Occurs
at
=99.58%
Lindgren'^^
SO3
Al;03
38.82
0.37
FesOa
26.79
FeO
MnO CaO
MgO
H^O
0.25
0.16
29.58
3.28
tr.
at the old
__
26.54
0.21
0.46
__
MgO
HoO
3.06
30.43
=100.67%
KNOXVILLITE.
321.
Hydrous
=100.00%
0.75
Insol.
Orthorhombic. Tabular
crystals.
Vitreous luster.
Color
greenish
yellow.
Cleavage
perfect basal.
(100).
SO3
85.91
FesOs
15.36
Cr^Os
AUO3
FeO
NiO
MgO
7.41
4.S4
3.81
0.83
3.22
322.
Hydrous sulphate
of
H2O
at 100 ab. 100
9.29
17.59
'^
Insol.
1.74
REDINGTONITE.
Silky
luster.
G = 1.76.
A pale purple sulphate was mixed with the knoxfrom the Redington mine which was described as a new mineral
Melville and Lindgren^^^
Napa County:
villite
b}'
SO3
35.35
NiO
MnO
1.00
tr.
H2O
at 100
1.85
ab. 100
27.09
Insol.
14..34 3.46
=100.51%
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
323.
Hydrous
Monoclinic.
Napa
BOTRYOGEN Palacheite.
and niiisnesium, I\\.03.2Mg0.4S03.15H20.
sulplinle of iron
reoiis luster.
C'ounty
Very small
crystals.
Color brick
Found
193
in
red,
Mt-
hyacinth-red.
:99..51%
324.
Hydrous sulphate
of
ALUNITE.
Mariposa County
Alunite
is
massive.
Color
white.
194
are separable into a series of different hydrocarbons in varying proportions, thus showing their chemical composition to be quite indefinite.
some of them, have been the reasons for their adoption in some works
on mineralogy. They belong to the province of organic chemistry.
The two most valuable members of the hydrocarbon series are coal
and oil. Coal is pretty generally scattered in the State, but its occurrence is in thin seams which are not segregated sufficiently to form good
workable deposits. The coal is of the lignite variety, and black and
brown masses of this lignite are occasionally present in the sandstones
and limestones. Practically all of the coal used in California is
imported.
The
lack of coal
is
petroleum.
oil fields in
the world.
The
oil
State.
NAPALITE.
Simple hydrocarbon, C3H4.
A dark
reddish
Brittle.
H = 2.
Napa County: Observed
at the old
=
=
10.36
10.11
89.54
89.33
99.90
99.46
lONlTE.
fossil
hydrocarbon
of
earthy
texture
and
brownish
yellow
color.
G=0.90.
in
195
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
ARAGOTITE.
Volatile hydrocarbon.
hydrocarbou ocrurriiis
mines.
Knoxville, Bertrand^^^
POSEPNYTE.
Lake County Plates and nodules of a dirty green and brown oxygenated hydrocarbon were found at the Great Western mine and the
substance was described by von Schrockinger^^^ with analyses by
:
Part was soluble in ether and part insoluble, the latter corresponding to ozocerite. Becker^^^ gives an analysis by Melville of
Dietrich.
similar material.
Insol.
Sol.
9.95
18.21
84.27
83.60
11.74
10.71
3.99
C
von Schrockinger__ 71.84
Melville
3.22
Ash
0.47
BERNARDINITE.
mass
PETROLEUM MINERAL
The presence of
indications for
oil in
many
OIL.
other
oil
been developed within the past decade, and new fields are constantly
being added to the oil areas. The large productive fields are all located
most
some of the northern
northerly one.
Oil
is
known
to occur, liowever, in
counties, but so far the areas have not been very productive.
oil.
Some
of
it is
Much
field
produce
thin, easily
196
oils.
The Monterey
oil
shales
and sandstones
in the State.
of the numerous
oil tields
The Coalinga district in Fresno and Kings counties, the Kern River,
and the MeKittrick-Sunset districts in Kern County, the Santa Maria
and Summerland fields in Santa Barbara County, the Santa Clara field
in Ventura County, and the Los Angeles field are the most important
fields in the State.
Oil is known to exist in several counties in the
northern part of the State, but very little oil has been obtained from
any of the northern fields.
The geology of the oil fields has been studied by Arnold, Eldridge,
Anderson and others of the United States Geological Survey, and their
results published in bulletins of the Survey.
is
COAL LIGNITE.
All of the coal of the State
seams of
coal,
is
and only
show some
Many
CHAPTER
XII.
It is
may
yet be revealed
California
logic
bar, magnesite,
ALUMINIUM.
Amblygomte. Li(AlF)POi.
Tirquois. A1P0,.A1( OH),.
Coiiuulnm. ALO3.
MgO.ALO,.
Chiysoberyl. BeALO^.
Spinel,
Bauxite. A103.2H20.
Dawsonite, NajAl (C03)3.2Al(OH)3.
Tschermigiti'.
Nlij,804.Al,(SO^)3.
24H,0.
Halotricliite,
FeHO,.AL(S04)3.24H0.
and
kaolinite.
AMMONIUM.
Ammoniac. XH,C1.
Ma^agnite, (XH/)oSO,.
Sal
P.oussiu.i;aultite,
XH4),,S(),.M}i;S0.,.Gn,0.
Tschermisite. (NH,),SCVAI,(SOj3.
24 HO.
ANTIMONY.
Native antimony, Sb.
Stibxitk, Sb,,S3.
Kermesite, sks.O.
Siihiconito,
Stibiofcrrite.
S1)._,0<.H;0.
Sb,O,,.Fe,O,,.H.,0.
Bindheimite, I'b3SbXK.4H,6.
Cervantite. Sb.O..
ami sihcr.
198
ARSENIC
Native arsenic, As.
Realgar, AsS.
Arsenolite, AS2O3.
Arsenopybite, FeAsS.
Mimetite,
Lollingite, FeAso.
(PbCl)Pb,(As04)s
Smaltite, CoAsj.
silver,
BARIUM.
Babite, BaSO*.
BERYLLIUM.
Chrysoberyl, BeALO*.
Beryl. BcjALSioOv
BISMUTH.
Native Bismuth,
Bi.
Bismuthinite, BiaSj.
Tetradymite, BiaTe.
BORON.
B05.3H0.
Borax, NaolB.Oj.lOH.O.
Colemanite, CaoBeOii.SH^O.
Sassolite,
Ulexite, NaCaBsOg.SHaO.
Hydroboracite, CaMgBeOai.eH^O.
Bakerite, SCaO.SBoOs.eSiOj.BH.O.
HowLiTE, HjCa.BsSiOii.
Also several borosilicates such as tourmaline, axinite and datolite.
BROMINE.
Embolite, Ag(Br,Cl),
CADMIUM.
Greenockite, CdS.
CALCIUM.
Calcite, CaCOj.
Limestone.
Marble.
Apatite (CaF)Cai(P0j3.
Scheelite, CaWOi.
Glauberite, NaoSO^-CaSO^.
Anhydrite. CaSO^
Gypsum, CaS04.2H0.
Dolomite, (CaMg)C03.
Aragonite, CaCOs.
Gay-Lussite, CaCO3.Na1CO3.5H2O.
Pirssonite, CaCO3.Na.cb3.2H2O.
Also
many calcium
silicates chief of
lime garnets.
CARBON.
Diamond,
C.
Graphite,
C.
Also the various hydrocarbons, especially bitumen, petroleum and natural gas.
199
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
CERIUM.
Allanite, Fe,Ca,Ce,Al, Silicate.
Monazite
Ce.La.Di ) PO,.
CHLORINE.
Halite, NaCl.
Sylvite.
KCl.
CHROMIUM.
Chbomite, FeCrjOi.
Uvarovite garnet.
COBALT.
Cobaltite,
CoAsS.
Smaltite, CoAsj.
Asbolite,
MnO.,Co,H20.
Erythrite, CojASoOs.SH.O.
Danaite (Fe.CojAsS.
COPPER.
Native Copper, Cu.
Chalcocite, CujS.
Cuprite, CuoO.
Melanconite CuO.
Stromeyerite
(Cu,Ag)2S.
CuS.
BORNITE, CUaFeSa
Malachite. CuCOa.CuCOH)^.
Covellite,
AzuRiTE. 2CuC03.Cu(OH)o.
Aurichalcite,
Chalcopvkite, CuFeSo.
Boui-nonite(Pb,Cu2) Sb.Sa
Tetraiiedrite, CusSboSj.
EnARGITE, CU3ASS4.
Atacamite, Cu^ClHaOs.
Partzite, Sb,Cu,H0.
2(Zn,Cu)C03.3(Zu,Cu)
(OH),.
Cubanite, CuFeaS^.
Chrysocolla, CuSi03.2H,0.
Lirocouite, Al.Cu, Arsenate.
Cupi-oscheelite
(Ca,Cu)W04.
Chalcanthite. CuSO^.SHjO.
FLUORINE.
Fluorite, CaFo.
Topaz, A1(0,F,) AlSiO,.
(CaF)Ca,(P0,)3.
Amblygonite. Li(AlF)POv
Apatite
GOLD.
Native Gold, Au.
Sylvanite (Au.Ag)Te,..
Calaverite (Au.Ag)Te.-.
Also auriferous pyrite, auriferous arsenopyrite, etc.
Petzite
(Ag.Au),Te.
200
FeCOa.
LiFePO,.
Vivianite, Fe^PoOs-SILO.
Melanterite, FeS04.7H.,0.
I'isanito ( Fe.Cu) SO,.7H,"o.
'o(inimbite. Fe,, ( SO,) ^.OFLO,
Si(l(M-ite,
Tripliylite,
Pyrrhotite, FenSi2.
Marcasite. FeSo.
Pyrite. FeSo.
Lollingite, FeAs.
Berthierite. FeSboS,.
2Fe/o,..lSO,,lSH,0.
<"oi)iai)ite,
Hematite. FeoOg.
Ilmenite ( Fe,Ti ) 2O3.
Magnetite, Fe3 04.
Knoxvillite, FeoOj.CrA.SO',.
Redlnstonite, Fe.O.^CroOj.SO^,
Botryogen. Fe03.2Mg6.4S03.15H,0.
Jarosite, K2O.3FeoOs.4SO3.6H2O.
Fe.Oa.HoO.
LiMONiTE, 2Fe,63.3H,0.
Gotliite,
silicates.
LEAD.
Native lead. Pb.
Galenite, PbS.
Altaite.
Ceri'ssite, PbCOj.
Phosgenite (PbCl)C03
Vanaclinitc ( PbCl ) Pb, ( VO, ) 3.
Pyromorphite ( PbC'l ) Pb, ( PO,) 3.
I'lumbosummite. PbO.2ALO3.P2O5.H2O.
Mimetite (PbCl)Pb,(AsO,)3.
Bindheimite. Pb,Sb20,.4H20.
Wnlfenite, PbMoO,.
PbTe.
Jamesonite. PboSbaSj.
Dufreuoysite. Pb^ASoS,,.
Minium. Pb,0,.
AlNGEE.SITE, PbSO,,
4PbO.SO3.2CO2.H2O.
Leadhillite.
OH
LITHIUM.
Lepidolite (LiK)Al(OH,F)Al(Si03)3.
Triphylite.
Tourmaline. Litbia-boro-ahimina
LiMnPO,.
Ambiagonite, Li(AlF)PO,.
silicate.
LiFePO,.
Litbiophilite.
MAGNESIUM.
'hlormagnesite. MgCL.
Spinel, MgO.AL03.
Plydromaguesite. SMgCOaMg (
P^psomite. MgSO,.7H20.
Brncite. xAIgO.H.O.
Blcidite,
Dolomite
Ankerite
OH
MgSO,.Na.,.s6,.4H0.
Ca.Mg CO3.
)
( Ca,Mg,Fe
CO^.
Magnesite, MgCOg.
Also
many magnesium
silicates, especially
MANGANESE.
Hausmannite. MujO,.
'rednerite, Cu3Mn,Oo.
Rhodocbrosite, MnCOj.
Rhodonite, MuSiO,.
Braunite. 3Mn203MnSi03.
Litbiophilite.
Pyrolusite MnOo.
P.SILOMELANE. MuO2.MU2O3.H2O.
Manganite. Mn...03.H20.
I'urpurite
LiMnPO,.
Fe.Mu 2O3.P2O5.H2O.
)
HUBNEBITE, MnWO,.
Wolframite
MuFe WO,
)
,.3H0.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
201
MERCURY.
Native Mekcurv,
Coloiadoite.
lis-
HsTe.
Calomel. llg.CL.
Eglestonite, HiCljO.
Metaci.n.narakite. IlgS.
("IN.NABAR. IlsrS.
Tieniannile. IlgSe.
MOLYBDENUM.
Molybdenite, MoSo.
Molybdito. MoO,.
W'ulffiiitc.
PhMoO,
NICKEL.
Awaniite, Xi^Fe.
Millerite. NiS.
Melonite. NLTe,.
Xi,As,0,.SHoO.
Aiiuahei-irite.
Momiosite. XiSO^.TILO.
XiC03.2Xi (OnK.4H30.
Zaratito.
NIOBIUM TANTALIUM.
(
'ohimbite
Fe.Mn Nb,0,.
Stibiotantalite.
//
(SbO)..XbX_) with
NITROGEN.
Daiapskite. XaXO,.Xa,SO,.H0.
XaNOj.
Niter. KXO3.
Xitrocalcite, Ca (X03)o.nH20.
Soda
niter.
NitroslauberitP. t>NaX03.2XaSO,.3H20.
PHOSPHOROUS.
Monazite, (('e,Di,La)PO,.
Apatite. (('aF)Cai(P04t3.
Py roraorphite. ( I'bCl ) Pb, ( PO,)
Amblygomte,
Li
Vivianite. Fe^P.Os.SILO.
AlF ) 1'0<.
PLATINUM GROUP.
Pl.ATINLM. Pt.
Iriddsiniiie.
Platiniridium. Ptir.
Palladium. Pd.
Ivhodium. Ro.
liutheuium. Ku.
Iridium.
Ir.
Osmium. Os.
IrOs.
POTASSIUM.
Sylvite.
Xiter,
KCl.
KXO,.
Arcauitc. K,SO,.
.\ls()
K,()..'{Fe,(),.4S0,.r>li,0.
several potassium silic-ales, cliief of wliicb are the potash feldspars and the
micas.
SELENIUM.
Tieiiwuniile,
IlfiSe.
202
Tridymite, SiO..
Opal, SiO,.H,0.
silicates.
SILVER.
Native
Ag.
Argentite, Ag.S.
Stromeyerite (Ag,Cu)S.
Hessite, Ag^Te.
silver,
Pyrargyrite, AgjSbSj.
Proustite, AgjAsSj.
Stephanite, Ag^SbS*.
Polybasite, AggSbSe.
Petzite (Au,Ag)2Te.
Cerargerite, AgCl.
Sylvanite (Au,Ag)Te2.
Calaverite (Au,Ag)Te2.
Embolite, Ag(Cl,Br).
SODIUM.
Northnpite, Na^COjMgCOs.NaCl.
Tychite, 2Mg.C03.2Na,C03.Na,SO,.
3.2A1
OH
Darapskite, NaNOs.Na^SO^.H^O.
6NaNO3.2Na2SO1.3H2O.
Borax, Na^B.O^.lOHjO.
Ulexite. NaCaBjOg.SHjO.
Thenardite, NasSOj.
Glauberite. Na2S04.CaS04.
Hanksite, 4NaS04.Na2C03.
Mirabilite, NaoSO^.lOHjO.
Blodite. MgSO,.Na2SO,.4H20.
Nitroglauberite,
) 3.
Thermonatrite. NaXOs-H^O.
Gay-Lussite, CaCd3.Na2CO3.5HoO.
Natron, NaXOa.lOHoO.
Teona. Na2CO3.HNaCO3.2H2O.
Pirssonite, CaCO3.Na2C63.2H2O.
Soda niter, NaNO,.
Sulfohalite, 3Na2SOi.2NaCl.
silicates, chief of
STRONTIUM.
Stroutiauite,
SrCOj
Celestite,
SrSO,
SULPHUR.
Native Sulphur.
Pyrite. FeS
S.
TELLURIUM.
Native tellurium, Te.
Tetradymite, Bi.Te.
Hessite, Ag^Te.
Petzite (Ag,Au)2Te.
Altaite, PbTe.
Coloradoite, HgTe.
Melonite, NijTej.
Sylvauite (Au,Ag)Teo.
Calaverite (Au,Ag)Te2.
TIN.
Native
tin,
Sn.
SuOo.
Cassiterite,
TITANIUM.
Ilmexite. (Fe,Ti)203
Titanite, CaTiSiOs.
Rutile. TiOo.
Benitoite. BaTiSisOj.
Brookite, TiOj.
Octahedrite, TiO..
Xeptunite,
Na.K ) 2 ( Fe,Mn
TiSi^O,:
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
203
TUNGSTEN.
HUBNERITE, MnWO^.
ScnEELiTE. CaWO^.
WOLFBAMITE (Mn,Fe)WOi
Cuproscheelite
Ca,Cu ) WO,.
URANIUM.
Uraninite, Uranate of lead.
I'raoouite.
Uranate
of lead,
H;0.
VANADIUM.
Roscoelite
HsK(Mg,Fe)
(Al.V)^.
Volborthite,
Cu,Ba,Ca, Vanadate.
Pb, Zn, Cu, Vanadate.
Cuprodescloizite,
Pucherite, BiVO^.
Vanadinite
(PbCOPb.CVO^),.
ZINC.
Native zinc, Zn.
Sphalerite, ZnS.
Voltzite, Zn^S^O.
Smitiisoxite, ZnCOs-
Aurichalcite,
2(Zn,Cu)C03.3(Zn,Cu)
(Oil),.
Ilydrozincite, Basic zinc carbonate.
Calamine, HjZnoSiOo.
ZIRCONIUM.
ZiRCOX. ZrSiO^.
GEM MINERALS.
Agate.
Amethyst.
Chbysoprase.
Rhodonite.
Crocidolite.
Ruby.
Axinite
Benitoite.
Diamond.
Sapphire.
Dumortierite.
Satelite.
Beryl.
Garnet.
Rutile.
Califormte.
Iliddenite.
Spinel.
Carnelian.
Jasper.
Titanite.
Chalcedony.
Kinradite.
Topaz.
Chiastolite.
Kunzite.
Chrysobei-yl.
Tourmaline.
turquois.
Chrysolite.
Lapis Lazuli.
Moonstone.
Chrysopal.
Myrickite.
Opal.
Quartz.
Vesuvianite.
Zircon.
204
The particular
locality
many
There are
scattered localities
zite
with
many
associated minerals.
common
Carson Hill
in Calaveras
Some
also
Several
new
species
rare minerals.
Other
localities are
known
mnierals, that
Alameda County.
we have
fairly complete
it is
only
lists.
Alpine
zircon.
Coutitij.
Argentite,
enargite,
famatinite,
galena,
MINERAIiS OF CALIFORNIA.
Amador County.
Aniorliyst.
205
wood
trcmolite,
telliiriiini.
opal.
Asbestos,
Butte County.-
diamond, epidote,
smoky
CalareruH County.
wood
opal, zircon.
cuprite, dolomite, epidote, galena, garnet, gold, graphite, hematite, hesslte, hyalite,
opal,
tetradymite.
uraconite,
tetrahedrite,
iiraninite.
valencianite,
viviauite.
wood
opal, zircon.
Colusa County.
Aragonite.
gj'psum,
electrum,
lignite,
manganite.
melanconite.
metacinnabarite.
p.yrite,
pyrolusite, sulphur.
Actinolite,
glaucophane. gypsum, hyalite, lawmanganite, opal, petroleum, prochlorite. psilomelane. pyrolusite, serpentine,
sonite,
El Dorado County.
Adularia,
barite,
chromite,
chloropal,
Fresno County.
mol.vbdenite.
moss
opal,
petroleum,
p.vrrhotite,
stilbite.
tantalite.
Glenn County.
JIuniholdt County.
chalcopyrite. chromite,
copper, garnet, gold, graphite, hematite, ilmenite, ja.sper, jet, magnetite,
monazite, olivine, petroleum, platinum minerals, prase, pj'rrhotite, rutile, spinel,
coal,
vivianite, zircon.
Imperial County.
Inyo
County.
Anglesite.
anhydrite,
axinite,
azurite.
barite.
dolomite,
dufrenoysite.
embolite.
ejiidote.
fluorite.
halite,
halloysite,
galena,
garnet,
gay-lussile.
hanksite, hematite,
hydro-
206
Kern
Counti/.
Antimonj',
cervantite,
Kings County.
Cinnabar,
Lake
Borax,
County.
gypsum,
epsomite,
gypsite.
chromite,
cinnabar,
cimolite,
copiapite,
clay,
crocidolite,
mercury, metacinnabarite.
melanlerite.
Lassen County.
Los Angeles
halloysite.
jefferisite.
opal.
asbolite,
asphalt,
barite,
magnetite,
leucopyrite,
smaltite,
silver,
olivine,
sphalerite,
orthoclase,
stibnite,
talc,
petroleum,
sal
tetrahedrite,
ammoniac,
ulexite,
siderite,
vesuvianite,
vivianite.
Madera County.
Bismuthinite,
Marin County.
glaucophane,
garnet,
hematite,
jasper,
kinradite,
manganite,
lawsonite,
mar-
zircon.
Mariposa
County.
barite.
Alunite.
biotite,
andalusite.
aukerite,
arsenopyrite,
asbestos,
azurite,
Mendocino County.
Chromite,
man-
Merced County.
stibnite.
Modoc County.
Mono County.
bismite,
natrolite, stilbite.
bismuthinite.
bismutite,
bornite.
cerargerite.
cerussite,
chal-
cedony, chalcopyrite, chrysocolla, cinnabar, clay, cobaltite, copper, cuprite, diatomaceous earth, embolite, fluorite, galena, geocronite, gold, greenockite, gypsum,
halloysite, hematite, hornblende, kalinite, lazulite, magnetite, malachite, melanterite, molybdenite, molybdite, orthoclase, partzite, proustite, pyrargyrite, pyri'hotite,
quartz, rutile, silver, sphalerite, stephanite, stetefeldtite, stibnite, tetrahedrite,
travertine,
tridymite.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Monterey County.
207
Arsenic, bitumen, chalcedony, chroraite, cinnabar, coal, dialomaceous earth, sarnet. graphite, iddinjisite, magnetite, metaciuuabarite, orthoclase,
pisanite, serpentine, stibuite, zaratite.
Nevada County.
Agate,
wood
opal.
aluuogeu, andalusite, anorthite, anorthoclase, argentite, arsenopyrite, asbestos, axinite, barite, biotite, bismuth, calcite, chabazite,
chalcanthite, chalcedony, chalcopyrite, chromite, chrysocolla, cinnabar, clay,
cobaltite, copper, cuprite, danaite. diallage, diamond, dolomite, enstatite, epidote,
galena, garnet, gold, gold amalgam, gypsum, hematite, hessite, hornblende,
ilmenite, jasper, labradorite, limonite, magnesite, magnetite, marcasite. melaconite, microcliuo, molybdenite, molybdite, olivine, orthoclase, platinum, psilomelane,
pyrargyrite. pyrito. pyrolusite, pyrrhotite, rock crystal, scheellte, sericite, serpentine, smaltite, sphalerite, stephanite, talc, tetradymite, tetrahedrite, tourmaline,
uralite, wernerite. wollastonite, wood opal, zircon.
Orange County.
altaite,
Arcanite,
tiemannite, tourmaline.
Placer County. Aragonite, arsenopyrite, asbestos, barite, calcite, cerargerite, chalcedony, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, chromite, chloropal, clay, clinochlore, coal, cobaltite,
klimmererite,
millerite,
Plumas County.
Albite,
arsenopyrite,
apatite,
bornite,
braunile,
cha-
cassiterile,
silvei",
sphalerite,
strontiauite,
tetrahedrite,
titanite,
tremolite,
wood
opal,
Riverside County.
Andalusite,
brucite, calcite,
cassiterite,
axinite,
Sacramento County.
Chromite.
talc,
chalcocite,
Anhydrite, anthophyllilc. aragonite. argeutite, arsenoasbeferrite, asbestos, asbolite, bakerite, barite, bernardinite, borax, bornite,
calamine, calcite. cassiterite, celestite, cerargerite, cerussite, chalcedony, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, chlormagnesite, chrysocolla, clay, colemanite, cookeite, co-
lite,
epidote,
fluorite,
galena,
cuprode.scloizile,
gay-lussite,
darapskite,
glauberite,
graphite,
embolitc,
ensta-
gypsite,
halite,
208
hanksitc,
tetrahedrite,
ulexite,
San Diigo
('oinitij.
Agalmatolite.
albite,
turquois,
tychite,
asbestos, axinite, beryl, bismite, bismuth, bismutite, bismutosphaerite. calcite, cassiterite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, cohimbite, corundum, cyanite, diatomarite,
San
stil-
calcite. chromite,
cinnabar, copper, cubanite. diatomaceous earth, enstatite, glaucophaue. gypsum,
halite, hydromagnesite, ilmenite, lawsonite, limonite, magnesite, magnetite, man-
ganite.
Agate,
Actinolite,
Bitumen,
olivine, petroleum,
Shasta County.
platinum sands,
Asbestos,
talc,
epidote.
Sierra County.
tite,
Arsenopyrite, asbestos, chalcopyrite. chromite. gold, hessite. magnemariposite. natrolite. platinum minerals, pyrolusite, quartz, serpentine,
stibnite, talc,
wood
opal.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
209
Count!/.
Asbestos, barite. oalifuniite, cassiterite, chalcopyrite, chromite,
cinnabar, copper, diamond, galena, garnet, gold, graphite, hematite, hypersthene,
ilmenite, limonite, jasper, marble, olivine, opal, ottrelite, platinum, platiniridiimi,
pyrite, pyrolusite, pyrrhotite, rhodonite, scheelite, sphalerite, spinel, talc, tin,
Siskii/ou
vesuvianite, zircon.
Solano
Count-!/.
Sonoma
clay,
Aragonite,
Actinolite,
calcite, cinnabar,
Countij.
coal,
clay,
Sutter Countt/.
coal.
pectollte,
talc,
barite, cassiterite.
Tulare Count!/.
Agate,
Tuolumne County.
calcite,
Albite,
altaite,
aukerite,
aragonite,
asbestos,
berthierite.
beryl,
garnet,
c.yanite,
gold,
wollastonite,
Ventura County.
diallage,
graphite,
wood
opal.
Colemanite,
Yolo County.
Asbestos, cinnabar,
Bauxite, chromite,
Yuha County.
14 80GO
limonite, metacinuabarite.
epidote. gold, hematite, ilmenite. magnetite, niona-
platinum sands,
vivianite, zircon.
210
26(i.
3,
Allen, E. T.
1.
U.
S. Geol.
Anderson, R.
1.
Arents, a.
1.
Partzite
new mineral
Amer. Jour.
Sci. 1867,
-}S,
362.
Arnold, R.
1.
Geology and
oil
resources of the
Summerland
district
321.
2.
oil field,
Bull. 340.
ihid.,
3.
and Anderson, R.
Preliminary report on the Santa Maria oil district; ibid.. Bull. 317.
Geology and oil resources of the Santa Maria oil district Hid., Bull. 322.
Geology and oil resources of the Coalinga district ibid., Bull. 398.
1.
and Johnson, H. R.
Sodium sulphate in Soda Lake, Carissa Plains
2.
1.
2.
Aezruni, a.
1. Ueber einen Colemauit Krystall
AUBURY,
1.
2.
3.
ibid..
oil
region
ibid., Bull.
406.
L. E.
Bull. 23.
Ayers. E. F.
1.
2.
Bailey, G. E.
1.
of California
Bureau
Bull. 24.
Baskerville, C.
new Gem
1.
Kunzite, a
1.
and KuNz, G. F.
Kunzite and its unique Properties
Baumhauer.
1.
Amer. Journ.
II.
2.
Becker, G. F.
1.
U. S. Geol. Surv.
Bertband, E.
1.
J,,
87.
1878;
2.
;;
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
Blake.
211
M.
J.
1.
Ou
2.
6,
Amer.
Amer. Jour.
Sci. 1876,
Blake, W. P.
Pac. K. R. Rept, 1853, 5.
1. Report on a Geological Iveconuoissauce iu California
2. Quicksilver Mine of Almaden. California; Amer. Jour. Sci. 1854, (2), 11, 438.
3. Observations on the Extent of the Gold Region of California and Oregon
Amer. Jour. Sci. 1855, (2), 20. 72.
;
4.
5.
0.
7.
8.
Memoir on
193.
9.
Annotated Catalog of Principal Mineral Species hitherto recognized in California Report State Board of Agric. 1866.
Mineral Notes No. 2 Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1866, 3, 297.
Crystallized Gold in California; Amer. Jour. Sci. 1866, (2). //i, 120.
Note on Partzite; ibid. 1867, (2), -J-i. 119.
Note on the Geographical Distribution and Geology of the Precious Metals and
Valuable Minerals of the Pacific Slope Cal. Senate and Assembly Jour.
;
10.
11.
12.
13.
1866,
14.
15.
3,
314.
16.
Blasd.\le. W. C.
1. Contributions to the Mineralogy of California
1901. 2, 327.
Bull.
BODEWIG, C.
1.
Notes on Hanksite
Amer. Jour.
On
Br.\dley,
Sci. 1889.
W. M.
San Benito County;
Zeits. fiir
Kryst. 1909.
Bbeithaupt. A.
1.
Berg und
hiitten.
Zeitung 1853,
12, 613.
Brown, G.
1.
Brush, G.
1.
S.
Bernardinite
Is
it
a Mineral or
Fungus?
Amer. Jour.
Sci. 1891,
(3),
Jf2.
46.
J.
Sci. 1866,
(2),
>,2,
268.
Burkabt. H. J.
1. Der Mineralreichthum Californiens und der angrenzendeu Staaten und Terri2.
3.
torien; Berg, und hiitten, Zeitung 1869. 28. 3, 21. ,5], 83, 94, 103.
Die Goldlagerstiitteu Californiens; Neues Jahrb. fiir Min. 1870, 21, 129.
Borax in den westlichou Staaten vor Nordamerica ibid., 1874, 716.
;
Campbell. M. R.
1.
2.
Bull. 213.
212
Chatard, T. M.
1. On Urao; Amer. Jour.
2.
Natural Soda,
Its
Clarke, F. W.
1.
2.
Sci. 1889,
(3), 38,
128.
3.
Sci. 189.5,
On
Crawford,
1.
2.
J. J.
Dana, E.
1. The
S.
System
Dana,
1.
2.
3.
1892.
Dana,
1.
Mineralogy
of
E. S. and Penfield. S. L.
(3). 30, 136; 5th
188.5,
D.
J.
125.
7,
Davis. R. O. E.
1.
Analysis of Kunzite
Amer. Jour.
Sci. 1904,
U.
S. Geol.
Du
Platine et des
Metaux
qui I'accompagnent
et de
Phys.
DiLLER, J. S.
1. Gold in Calcite; Amer. Jour. Sci. 1890, (3), 39, 160.
2. Notes on the Geology of Northern California
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 33.
3. Educational Series of Rocks
ibid.. Bull. 150.
4. Iron and Copper Ores of the Redding Quadrangle
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 213.
;
DURAND.
1.
F. E.
2.
3.
Ji,
211.
ibid.,
218.
Eakle. a.
S.
379.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Eakle. A.
3.
and Rogers, A. F.
New Mineral of the Apatite Group, and Okenite, Its Alteration
Product from Southern California Amer. Journ. Sci. 1914, 37, 262.
S.
Wilkeite, a
;
MIXERAL,S OF CALIFORNIA.
213
67, 1000.
Eckel, E. C.
1.
Edman,
1.
2.
A.
Gold-bearing black sands of California Min. and Sci. Press, 1904.
The Auriferous Black Sands of California Cal. State Min. Bur. Bull. 45.
J.
Eldridge. G. H.
1.
I.os
U. S.
Emory, W. H.
1.
(2), 6, 389.
Erman. a.
1.
2.
Evans.
1.
2.
T.
J.
ibid..
1885,
'
2, 37.
Fairbanks, H. W.
1.
2.
Geology of the Mother Lode 10th Ann. Rept. Cal. State Min. 1890.
Geology and Mineralogy of Shasta County 11th Ann. Rept. Cal. State Min.
;
1891.
3.
On
Analcite Diabase
From San
Ji,
39.
FOOTE. W. M.
1. Preliminary Note on a
New
Alkali Mineral
Amer. Jour.
W. E.
On the Chemical Composition
Ford.
1.
1.',.
2.
Foster, E. LeN.
1. Production of Carbonate of Soda from the Alkaline Waters of Owens Lake
Proc. Colo. Sci. Soc. 1890,
Gale. H.
3,
245.
S.
2.
3.
1.
Genth,
S.
F. a.
4.
5.
6.
Roscoelite
7.
Contributions to Mineralogy, No. 29 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1887, 2i, 23.
Contributions to Mineralogy, No. 54; Amer. Jour. Sci. 1892, (3), J^-ff, 381.
1.
On
'/,
2.
3.
8.
Chera.
News
1876.
Minerals;
S',,
ibid,
78.
;
214
Giles, W. B.
1. Bakerite (a new borosilicate of calcium) and Howlite from California; Mineral
9.
263.
1.
Gbaton, L. C.
1. Copper deposits
Graton,
County
of Shasta
264.
L.
^UTZKOW,
Sci. 1905,
F.
1.
ibid.
C, and Schaller, W. T.
Purpurite, a new mineral; Amer. Jour.
1.
Sonoma County
1886.
Hanks, H.
G.
Sci.
Harder, E. C.
1. Manganese Deposits of the United States
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 427, 1910.
2. Iron and Manganese, and also Gypsum of California
ibid. Bull. 430.
;
Hess, F. L.
1. The working magnesite deposits of California
2.
3.
4.
5.
The magnesite
Molybdenite at Corona
Hidden, W. E.
1.
Hanksite, a new anhydrous sulfato-carbonate of sodium from San Bernardino County; Amer. Jour. Sci. 1885, (3), 30, 133; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.
1885, 3, 328 5th Ann. Rept. Cal. State Min. 1885, 62.
On
Hidden, W.
and Mackintosh, J. B.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 1888, (3), 36,
1. Sulphohalite, a new sodium sulphato-chloride
463 Zeits. fiir Kryst. 1889, 15, 294.
2. Mineralogical Notes; Amer. Jour. Sci. 1891, (3), U, 438.
Hillebrand, W. F.
1. Mineralogical Notes: Melonite
Amer.
(?), Coloradoite. Petzite and Hessite
E.,
HiLLiBBAND, W.
1.
On
F.,
S,
295.
7,
451.
HlORTDAHL, T.
1.
MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA.
HLAWATSCn,
1.
C.
HOFMANX.C.
1.
1.
Centralblatt
fiir
S,
449.
S.
Eclogites in California
Hunt,
1.
F.
HOLWAY, R.
215
.Sol.
T. S.
On
Amer.
Hutchinson, A.
1.
On
Ibelan,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
W.
ISSG.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891-92.
Jackson, A. W.
2.
On
On
3.
Mineralogical Contributions
1.
Colemanite, a
Jamieson, G.
1.
new Borate
of
Lime
On
ibid,
1886,
-),
358.
S.
Amer. Jour.
1905,
Sci.
(4), 19,
413.
Kemp,
1.
J. F.
Geological Relations and Distribution of Platinum and Associated Metals; U. S.
Geol. Surv. Bull. 103, 1902.
Knopf, A.
1.
Knopf,
1.
A.,
and Thelen. P.
Bull.
'
KOENIG, G. A.
1.
Kboustciioff. K. de.
1. Note sur une hypC-rite a structure porphyrique de I'Amerique
Min. 1885, 8, 11.
KUNZ,
2.
G. F.
Mineralogical Notes on Brookite, Octahodrite, Quartz and Ruby Amer. Jour.
Sci. 1892, (3), J,3, 329.
Octahedrite (Anatase) from Placerville. El Dorado County; Mineral Mag. 1901,
3.
On
1.
9,
394.
new
lilac-colored transparent
Spodumene
Amer. Jour.
Sci.
1903,
(4),
16, 264.
4.
Californite (Vesuvianite)
5.
6.
Precious Stones of the United States; U. S. Geol. Surv. Min. Res. 1882-1906."
Gems of California Bull. 37 Cal. State Min. Bur.
7.
ibid, 397.
;
ibid, 398.
Kustel, G.
1.
Tellurite of Gold and Silver; Min. and Sci. Press 1865, 10. 306.
Lawson. a.
1.
2.
C.
189.3, 1, 1.
;
216
Lawson, a.
3.
4.
Coutinued.
C.
Plumasite Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Cal. 1903, 3, 219.
Orbicular Gabbro at Dehesa Sau Diego County; ibid, 1904,
;
383.
3,
Sulphur
at
LiNDGBEN, W.
1.
The
15, 717.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
LOUDERBACK, G. D.
new mineral
1.
Benitoite, a
2.
Lyman,
Mines of Cinnabar
2.
Obsen-ations
3.
5.
in
(2),
7,
5,
331.
Sci. 1848,
(2),
270.
6.
Zeitung 1865,
Berg and
hiitten
374.
Melville, W. H.
1. Metacinnabarite from
New Almaden
Amer.
J'our.
Sci.
1890.
(3),
J/O,
291;
Melville,
W.
H., and
Lindgben, W.
1.
149.
5,
1909,
Mathewson, J. D.
1. Vorkommen von
2.
ibid.
C. S.
1.
4.
On
fornia.
Amer. Journ.
Sci.,
Cali-
MooBE, G. E.
1.
On
Sci. 1872,
(3), 3, 36.
MooBE, G.
1.
MtJLHEIMS, A.
1.
230.
l.'i.
MURGOCI, G.
1.
Orcutt,
1.
C. R.
Minerals of the Colorado Desert
Owens, D. D.
1.
Notice of a
California
6,
108.
MINERALS OP CALIFORNIA.
Palache,
1. Soda
217
C.
2.
3.
Rock from
new Amphibole
ihid.
ihid,
1894,
181.
1,
4.
Amor. Jour.
Pemberton, H.
1.
Penfield,
G3, 241.
'
S. L.
1.
2.
Amer. Jour.
ihid.
and Jamieson, G. S.
Tychite. a new mineral from Borax Lake; Amer. Jour.
Penfield,
1.
Sci. 1885,
1892, (3).
//.'/,
(3). 29,
381.
S. L..
Sci. 1905.
Phillips, J. A.
1. Notes on the chemical geology of the Gold Fields of California
Proc. Roy.
Soc. London 1868, 16, 294; Amer. Jour. Sci. 1869, (2), 7,7, 134.
;
Pratt,
1.
J.
H.
On
Prescott. B.
1. Ilvaite, from Shasta County, Califoniia
Amer. Jour.
Preston. E. B.
1. Geology of Tehama County; 10th Ann. Rept. Cal. State Min. 1890.
Price, T.
1.
Analy.sis of Colemanite
Prutzman,
1.
Petroleum
PURNELL,
1.
p.
On
W.
in
S.
lonite, a
Sci. 1878,
Sci.
Press 1877,
S.'i,
Ransome, F. L.
1. The Eruptive Rocks of Point Bonita
Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Cal. 1893, 1, 71.
2. On Lawsonite, a New Rock-forming Mineral
ihid, 1895, 1, 301.
Raymond, R. AV.
L Mines and Mining in tlie States and Territorie.? West of the Rocky Mountains;
;
Reid, J. A.
1. Igneous Rocks near Pajaro, California
Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Cal. 1902,
2. The Ore Deposits of Copperopolis, California
Econ. Geol. 1907, 2, 380.
3. The East Country of the Mother Lode
Min. Sci. Press, 1907, 9.',, 279.
4. Some Ore Deposits in the Inyo Range, California
ihid, 1907, 95, 80.
;
3, 173.
Rickard, T. a.
1.
Rogers, A. F.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Rolland, G.
1. Les Gisements de Mercure de Californie
1), 384.
218
W.
Root, E.
On
].
Euarsite from the Morning Star Mine, Alpine County; Amer. Jour. Sci.
1868, (2),
1,6,
201.
RoscoE, H. E.
1. On two new Vanadium Minerals; Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 1876, 25, 109.
SCHALLER, W. T.
1. Minerals from Leona Heights
Alameda County
3, 191.
2.
3.
4.
5.
19.
Jil,
8.
9.
6.
7.
.'/-'/.
324.
;
162.
10. Krystallographische
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
ScHALLEE, W.
1.
Amer. Jour.
1904,
Sci.
Shepard, C. U.
1.
On
Amer. Jour.
Sci. 1872,
(3), 3, 348.
2.
3.
4.
SiLLIMAN, B.
1. Notes on the
New Almaden
(2),
38, 190.
2.
3.
4.
5.
On
the
Deep Placers
of the
etc.
ibid.
6.
7.
8.
Smith,
1.
J. L.
8,
434.
Amer. Jour.
Sci.
1874,
219
MINERALS OP CALIFORNIA.
Smith. J. P.
1. The Paragenesis of the Minerals iu the Glaucophane Rocks
Amer. Philos. Soc. 1907, J,o, 1S4.
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So^'NE^sc^EI^', F.
1. Feber das Vorkommen des natiirlichcn Goldamalgauis iu Califoruien
der geolog. Gesellsch. 1854, 6, 243.
Zeits.
Stekrett. D. B.
Tourmaline from San Diego County; Amer. Jour. Sci. 1904. (4), ^7', 459.
Gems and Precious Stones Miu. Res. U. S. Geol. Survey 1906-1912.
Stetefeldt, C. a.
Berg uud hiitten.
1. Vorkommen von Tellurgold uud Tellursilber in Californieu
1.
2.
Zeitung 1865,
Stillm.\n,
1.
374.
M.
J.
A new
2J,,
mineral Resin from San Bernardino County; Amer. Jour. Sci. 1879,
Teschemacher,
J.
E.
1.
2.
441.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Notes on the Gold ores of California; Amer. Jour. Sci. 1894, (3), 47, 467.
Further notes on the Gold ores of California; ibid. 1895, (3), 49, 374, 478.
Further Contributions to the Geology of the Sierra Nevada 17th Ann. Rept.
U. S. Geol. Surv. 1895, Part 1, 529.
Notes on the Rocks and Minerals of California; Amer. Jour. Sci. 1898. (4),
;
5,
6.
7.
8.
421.
Soc.
Amer. 1891,
2,
388.
VODGES. A. W.
1. A Bibliography relating to the Geology. Paleontology and Mineral Resources
Bull. 30, Cal. State Miu. Bur.
of California
;
voM Rath.
G.
Sitz.
d.
Niederrh.
Waring. G. A.
1.
Watts. W.
Amer. Jour.
Sci. 1905.
L.
Report on Kern County 11th Ann. Rept. Cal. State Miu. 1891-92.
Oil and Gas Yielding Formations of California; Bull. 19, Cal. State Min.
Bureau.
Whitfield, J. E.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 1887,
1. Analyses of some Natural Borates and Borosilicates
1.
2.
(3),
2.
S//,
281.
Bull.
60 U.
S. Geol. Surv.
WlIITI.NG, H. A.
Report on Mono Couuty 8th Ann. Rept. Cal. State Min. Bur. 1888.
J. D.
1. Geological Survey of California; Vol. 1. Geology.
Williams, A. H.
U. S. Geol. Surv. 18S0-S4.
1. Mineral Resources of the United States
1.
Whitney.
INDEX.
Achi-oite
ACMITE
Actinolite
Adularia
Aegirite
Agalmatolite
Agate
Agatized wood
Alabaster
Albite
Alla.mte
Allopiiane
Almandite
Altaite
Alum
Alumte
Alcxogen
Amazon stone
Amblygomte
Amethyst
Ammonium alum
Ampiiibole
Anaixite
Axatase
Andall'site
Andesixe
Audradite
axgi.esite
Anhydrite
Anliydrous silicates
axkerite
Anxabercute
Anorthite
Page.
134 Asbestos
112 Asbolite
11^) Asphalt
105 Atacamite
112 Augite
141, 152 Auriciialcite
GO Aventuriue
66 Awaruite
184 AXINITE
106 AZIRITE
131
153 Bakerite
120 Barite
49 Bauxite
190 Bexitoite
193 Bernardinite
191 Bertiiierite
105 Beryl
IGl BiNDIIEIMITE
64 Biotite
190 BiSMITE
115 BlSMLTH
139 Bismuth sold
S3 BlSMUTIIINITE
128 Bismuth ocher
106 BiSMUTITE
120 blsmutospiiaerite
181 Bitumen
181 Black copper
104 Black jack
92 Black lead
107 Black silver
107 Blende
Blodite
Anoktiioclase
10<J
AXTIIOIMIYI.LITE
115 Bloodstone
106 Blue copper
24 Blue hornblende
11 Blue malachite
71 Blucstone
lOU Blue vitriol
137 BOOTIIITE
90 Boracic acid
195 Borates
179 Borax
27 BORNITE
166 Bort
Antimonates
Antlmonite
Antimony
Antimony ocher
Apatite
Apophyi.lite
Aragonite
Aragotite
Arcanite
Argextite
Arsenates
Arsenic
Arsenical pyrites
Arsenides
Arsexomte
Arsenopyrite
Aslieferrite
Botryogen
45 bournoxite
45 Boussingaultite
70 Braunite
11
45 Brittle silver
110 Bko( IIANTITE
Page.
149
89
196
11.5,
60
111
99
64
23
132
99
173
179
88
1.57
195
51
119
168
142
70
11
15
26
70
102
97
196
74
31
1
54
31
189
66
36
118
99
188
188
188
89
169
170
38
7
193
52
189
84
54
183
222
INDEX.
Page.
57
109
83
87
SS
]07
Bromides
Bronzite
Brookitk
Browu hematite
Brucite
Bytowmte
Cacholoiig
Cairngorm
68
64
133
51
90
90
90
183
125
57
37
stone
Calamine
Calaverite
Calcite
Calc spar
Calc tufa
Caledonite
Californite
Calomel
Capillary pyrites
Carbonado
Carbonates
Carinthine
Carnelian
Cassiterite
Cataphorite
Cel.\donite
Celestite
90
116
66
82
119
153
181
59
97
Cebargyrite
Cerussite
Cervantite
Chabazite
71
Chalcanthite
Chalcedony
ClIALCOCITE
Chalcodite
ClIALCOPYRITE
Chalcotrichite
Chalk
Chiastolite
Chili saltpeter
Chlorides
Chlorites
Chloritoid
Chloromagnesite
ClILOROPAL
Chromic iron
Chromite
Chry'sobery'l
ClIRY'SOCOLLA
Chrysolite
Chrysopa!
Chrysoprase
Chrysotile
CiMOLlTE
Cinnabar
Cinnamon
stone
Citrine quartz
Clay
-,
Page
Clinochlore
147
129
196
167
46
45
Cliuozoisite
Coal
Cobalt bloom
Cobalt glance
Cobaltite
coccinite
61
171
50
174
142
192
16
187
30
39
191
147
74
172
36
84
118
118
39
116
73
166
176
176
128
colemanite
coloradoite
columbite
Cookeite
copiapite
Copper
Copperas
Copper glance
Copper pyrites
coquimbite
corundopiiyllite
Corundum
Cotton
balls
covellite
Crednerite
Crocidolite
Crossite
Cubanite
Cummingtonite
Cuprite
Cuprodescloizite
CUPRO.SCHEELITE
139
ISS
66
30
147
39
Cuprotungstite
90
128
168
57
146
146
60
156
80
80
83
155
123
68
66
149
155
33
120
65
153
Descloizite
Cyanite
Danaite
Darapskite
Datolite
73 Dawsonite
Deweylite
Diallage
Diamond
Diatomaceous earth
Diopside
Disthene
Dogtooth spar
Dolomite
Dry bone
Duerenoysite
Dumortierite
Edenite
Kglestonite
Electrum
Embolite
P]n.\rgite
Exhtatite
Epidote
Epsomiie
Epsom
salts
.-
46
169
129
100
166
150
111
7
68
111
128
90
92
95
55
136
116
61
15
61
56
109
130
1S6
186
223
INDEX.
Page.
68
173
193
102
120
163
102
137
99
110
Page.
167 Hyalite
120 Hyuroboracite
38 Hydrocarbons
Hydrodolomite
56 Hyacinth
Erythrite
Essonite
Erubescite
Famatinite
Feather ore
Feldspars
FibrolUc
o2
104
128
00
90
Flint
Flos ferri
Fluorides
HrREAlLITE
Hydkomag.nesite
Hydrous silicates
Hydrozixcite
Hyperstiiexe
~u
02
02
oo
Fll'orite
Fluor spar
Freiberglte
00
124
125
76
133
134
68
57
194
21
22
22
190
142
43
Iceland spar
Iddixgsite
Idocrase
Fuchsite
1-11
Ilmexite
Fuller's earth
l-Vl
Ilvaite
Galena
28
28
120
100
o4
08
106
179
184
118
87
12
Infusorial earth
Indicolite
Galexite
Gar.net
Gat LrssiTE
Geocronite
Geyserite
Gilsonito
Glaubertte
Glauber
salt
GLAlCOPnANE
(iOTHITE
Gold
Gold amalgam
Graphic tellurium
Graphite
Gray copi>er
Green
copper
Greexockite
Grossularite
Gypsite
GYP.srM
Gyrolite
l.">
")0
8
53
98
30
120
184
184
137
Iodides
Ioxite
Iridium
Iridosmixe
iRox
Iron alum
Iron mica
Iron pyrites
52
193
66
148
.Jamekoxite
.T.\R0.srrE
Jasper
Jefferisite
190
163
147
153
153
43
66
192
147
112
Kalixite
Kallaite
Kiimniereritp
Kaolin
Kaolixite
Kermesite
Kinradite
Kxoxvu.lite
Halite
Haloids
Halloysite
Halotriciiite
Hanksite
h.w.smaxnite
Heavy spar
Hedenbergite
Heliotrope
Hematite
Hessite
Heii.a.ndite
Iliddenite
Hornblende
Hornsilver
Howlite
HCbnerite
57
57
154
190
182
84
179
111
0(5
75
48
138
112
116
59
173
175
KotschubeitP
Kunzite
Lahradokite
I. apis
lazuli
Laimoxtite
Law.soxite
Lazilite
j.azirite
Lead
Leadhh.lite
Lenzinite
LEPiDor.iTE
Lepidomelane
fieucopyrite
Leucoxono
Lignite
107
120
138
133
162
120
18
182
154
142
142
47
157
196
INDEX.
224
Lime feldspar
Lime-soda feldspar
Limestone
LiMONITE
IjINakitn:
LiROCONITE
Lithia mica
LlTHIOPIllMTK
Lithomarge
Lodestone
LOLLINGITE
Lotrite
'
LUDWIGITE
.:
Made
128
92
191
92
142
Magnesite
Magnesium alum
Magnesium limestone
Magnesium mica
Magnetic iron
Magnetic pyrites
Magnetite
Malachite
Malacolite
Manganite
Marble
Marcasite
Margarite
Mariposite
Marmolite
Martite
Mascagnite
Meerschaum
Melaconite
Melanterite
Melonite
Page.
107
107
90
87
183
168
142
160
154
78
47
132
170
Moonstone
.Moss
agate
Moss opal
^Mountain cork
Mountain leather
Mountain soap
Muscovite
Xagyagite
Napalite
51
194
Native elements
7
140
100
171
156
158
167
174
169
168
169
169
156
98
119
119
Natrolite
Natron
Neocolemanite
Neotocite
Neptunite
Noselite
Octahedrite
Oil
Oligoclase
Olivine
Omphacite
Molybdic ocher
Moi.ybdite
monazite
1.59
Peridot
JNIonticellite
123 Petroleum
Metaxite
Meteoric iron
Micas
MiCROCLINE
MiCROLITE
MiLLERITE
MiMETITE
Mineral
oil
Minium
MiRABILlTE
Mispickel
Molybdates
Molybdenite
'
Northuupite
Okenite
Mesolite
Metacinnabarite
NOSEAN
74
187
50
76
18
140
32
149
22
139
105
174
37
166
195
84
184
45
175
26
71
71
Mercury
66
Myrickite
1.53
Menaccanite
Morenosite
78 Nickel bloom
37 Niobates
78 Niter
98 Nitrates
111 Nitrocalcite
86 Nitroglauberite
90 Nontronite
42
145
141
149
75
178
Page.
150
106
187
66
68
115
115
154
141
Montmorillonite
Onyx
Onyx marble
Opal
Orthite
Orthoclase
Osmium
Ottrelite
Oxides
Palacheite
Palaite
Palladium
Pandermite
Paragonite
Pargasite
Partzite
Peacock ore
Pectolite
Penninite
._
83
195
138
106
123
111
66
90
68
131
105
22
146
63
193
164
21
171
141
116
72
38
114
147
123
195
225
INDEX.
Pktzite
Phantom crystals
Phosge.mte
Phosphates
Picotite
Picrolite
PlKDMOXTITE
Pilinite
Finite
PlRSSONITE
PiSAXITE
Pitch
Pitchblende
PiTTICITE
Plasioclase
Platixiridium
Platinum
Pleonaste
PiumbaffO
PlAMBOGUMMITE
I'OLYBASITE
Porcellophite
POSEPNYTE
Potash alum
Potash feldspar
mica
Potash-soda feldspar
Prase
Prase opal
Preiinite
I'otash
Page.
48 Redruthite
04 Ketinolite
S>7
Rhodium
150 Rhodochrome
77 RiionociiROSiTE
140 Rhodonite
131 Rock crystal
l^O Rock salt
141 Rock soap
101 ROSCOELITE
ISS Rose quartz
106 Rubellite
177 Ruby
168 Ruby silver
lO.j
Ruby
10.3
O.O
Sal Ammoniac
Smithsonite
Smoky quartz
59
164
169
105
74
66
66
89
150
184
129
125
176
167
45
184
153
141
148
165
95
63
104
66
68
128
15
27
22
46
116
95
64
Soapstono
1.50
85
101
Sicklerite
Pyroxene
Pyrrhotite
Qx'artz
Quicksilver
scorodite
Selenides
Selenite
Sepiolite
Sericite
Serpentine
Siderite
120 Silica
152 Silicates
110 Silicified wood
37 Silicious sinter
Sillimanite
63 Silver
18 Silver glance
Rectorite
Red antimony
Red arsenic
REniNGTONITE
Red copper
Red lead
24
154
43
24
192
73
84
Satin spar
Saussurite
Scapolite
Sciieelite
Siserkite
Realgar
.59
140 Salmonsite
195 Saltpeter
100 Sanidine
10.5 Sapphire
141 Sard
106 Sardonyx
06 Sassolite
Pyrolusite
Pyromorpiiite
Pyrophyelite
74
55
78
22
82
64
_i
Sahniac
Pyrociii.ore
I'yrope
.52.
spinel
Satelite
Prochlorite
Proustite
P.silomelane
Pucherite
purpubite
Pyrargyrite
Pyrite
1.34
21 Ruthenium
10 RUTILE
78
8 Sagenite
08
132
171
147
55
80
165
103
52
43
174
Priceite
Page.
30
149
22
147
95
114
64
57
154
144
64
Smaltite
Smaragdite
Soda feldspar
Soda-lime
feklsi)ai's
106
106
226
INDEX.
Page.
Soda mica
Soda Niter
sonomaite
Soretite
Spathic ore
Specularite
141
168
191
116
95
7.")
Topazolite
Tourmaline
Trautwinite
Travertine
Tremolite
Sphalerite
121 Tridymite
31 Tripiiylite
Spliene
1.37
Spinel
77
Spessartite
Spodumene
112
90
90
150
54
Stalactite
Stalagmite
Steatite
Stepiianite
Page.
127
121
134
121
90
115
67
160
68
101
190
175
163
98
Topaz
Tripolite
Trona
tschermigite
Tung-States
TuRQUOis
Tychite
175 Uranates
24 Uraninite
139 Uranocher
1.56 Urao
164 Uvarovite
196
172
177
116
177
177
177
101
121
31
96
182
51
51
178
24
51
9
50
58
Vivianite
A'olborthite
voltzite
105
70
165
166
144
125
111
162
166
44
Talc
1.50
Wad
Tantalates
174 Water
174 Wernerite
196 While ai-senic
45 White pyrites
72
Stetefeldtite
Stewartite
Stibiconite
Stibioferrite
Stibiotaxtalite
Stibnite
Stilbite
72
.*
Stratopeite
Strengite
Stromeyerite
Strontianite
sulfoiialite
Snlphantimonites
Siilpharsenites
Sulphates
Sulphides
Sulphosalts
Sulphur
Sylvanite
Syxvite
Tantalite
Tar
Tellurides
Tellurium
Uralite
Valenclanite
Valentinite
Vanadates
Vanadinite
Vanadium mica
Vesuvianite
Violan
Wood opal
Wulfenite
89
63
125
70
42
165
124
175
113
68
177
Xanthophyllite
146
Zaratite
102
137
19
WiLKEETE
Willemite
74 Wolframite
47 Wollastonite
12
Tennantite
Tenorite
.53
Tetradymite
Tetrahedrite
Thenardite
Thermonatrite
.53
Thetis' hairstoue
Tiemannite
Tin
Tincal
Tincalconite
Tin stone
Titaniferous
Uintahite
164 Ulexite
72 Uraconite
1
.
iron
TlTANITE
Titano-silicates
178
100
64
47
19
170
170
82
76
157
157
Zeolites
Zinc
31
Zincblende
Zircon
Zoisite
,_-
126
129
THIS
BOOK
MAR
3 1 1997
AUG 19
1997
Uy
RECEIVED
AUG 2
1997
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OF CALIFORNIA
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