The Watt, Why, and How of Microgrids

ASME Webinar
David Chiesa Director of Microgrids

2012

2000-201209

www.sandc.com

Agenda
Solving Problems
Future of the Grid
What is a Microgrid?
Why do I want to implement a Microgrid?
What are the types of Microgrids?
How to we pay for our Microgrid?
What does it take to build a Microgrid?

Questions

The Onward March of Technology

3

Examples
How do we eliminate most power outages?
How do we optimize the grid and power generation?
How do we create a more resilient, secure and even

self-healing power grid?

How do we diversify and integrate renewable energy
into the grid?
How do we support customers who choose rooftop
solar, electric vehicles and smart appliances?
How do we achieve all this and still keep monthly bills
affordable?
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16 Central Power Plants

5

16 Central Power Plants + 1000 local DG

and 20% Wind Penetration (6000 WTGs)

What is a Microgrid?
Per U.S. Department of Energy, a microgrid is:
A localized grouping of distributed electricity sources, loads,
and storage mechanisms which can operate both as part of
the central grid or independently as an island.

Microgrid Levels
L6

Coordinated

Potential
Microgrid

Microgrid
5

L4

L3

Microgrid Complexity Level

L5

L2

1
L1

L4 Microgrid
Controller Coordination
+
Weather
&
Forecasting
+
Optimal
Generation
L3 Microgrid Forecasting
Control of
Controller
+
Multiple
Economic
Microgrids
+
Dispatching
4

Standalone
Generator
S1

DA
+
1 or more
DG units
S2

Microgrid
Controller
+
Thermal
Assets
Load
(via inputs &/
+
Management or algorithm
Renewables
developed &/
+
or acquired)
Energy
Storage
S3

S4

Utility Microgrid

S5

S6

Campus

.
Commercial
Industrial .
Military
.

How Are Microgrids Formed?

Grid Connected Mode Normal Operations
Unintentional
You Go Dark
Open Transition
Ability to Reform Grid

Intentional - Very Little Loss of Service

Utility Triggered
Self Islanded
Could be Open or Closed Transition
Load Preservation is Key
Large Distributed Generation or Energy Storage

Near UPS
Closed Transition (No Loss of Service)
Very Large Reserve Standby Power
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Why Would Anyone Want to Build One of These?

Customize DERs to deliver enhanced reliability; efficiency and
optimization; and environmental benefits.
Reliable Energy

Efficiency & Optimization

Ability to proactively island

from utility and reconnect

Minimize energy costs

through fuel switching, load
control and grid services

Preserve critical loads

24/7/365

Prioritize most critical loads

Repurposing grid tied

inverters for island mode
operation
Determine root cause of
outages and restore power
quickly

Have energy flexibility with

the grid

Green Energy

Harness combined heat and

power, maximize incentives

Green Energy
Incorporate low cost solar, CHP and other Distributed Energy Resources
Implement net-zero projects, reducing carbon footprint
Store energy for stability and grid services

10

How Do You Pay for Microgrids?

Government Funding (Temporary?)

Grants
Subsidies
Distributed Generation Benefits
Renewable
Tap into Existing Resources
Ancillary Market Participation
Cost Avoidance
Capital Expenditure Savings
ICE Calculator for Customer Savings
Reliability Improvements
Fuel Savings
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How are your

Customers
going to pay
for a microgrid?
DERCAM
from LBNL
does this
analysis
(LBNL)
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Oncors Microgrid

2012

2000-201209

13
www.sandc.com

ONCOR Microgrid
Designed to Display
Immersion Room
Demonstration Center
Proof of Concept

14

ONCOR SOSF
Microgrid
15

Questions?
David B. Chiesa
Director Microgrids
Mobile (630) 291-5749
Office (773) 338-1000, x2959
David.Chiesa@SandC.com
Microgrids@SandC.com

Additional information available at:

sandc.com

@SandC_US microgrid@sandc.com
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So Where Should I Put My Microgrid?

Look for Reliability Challenged Locations
Look for High Cost to Deliver Power
Look for Capital Avoidance Opportunities at 1&2
Look for Locations with Non-Monetary Benefits
Try to Find All Three!

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Microgrid Opportunity
Ability to Monetize:
Power Costs

AK # 2
22.2
cents/kWh

13
9.52 kWh

NY # 9
WI # 15

MI 11

9.4 cents

10.1 cents

.118
cents/kWh

/kWh
3,4,7,8, 10
NV # 19
kWh 8.9

HI # 1
33.35
cents/kWh

@ 13.96 11.37
cents/kWh

MA 6, NJ 9, DE
12 @ 14.,12.7,
9.6 cents/kWh

C A #5
13.3
kWh

# 16
9.1

AZ # 18
kWh 8.9

LA
TX #44

49

7.13 cents/kWh

6.1

AL # 20
kWh 8.9

# 17
9.0
kWh

Ability to Monetize:
Grid Services

CHP Growth

SSE East Team

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Whats It Take to Build a Microgrid

Create and follow a proper Preconstruction and Design plan

Know your drivers - source and uses

Understand constraints and goals
Identify the critical and less critical loads
Model the System Before You Build
Understand control operations in each Sequence of Operations
Investigate Transitent Stability
Review Protection Schemes for Non-Island and Island Modes
Design Your Control & Monitoring System Early
Permitting and Interconnect
Involve the Utility Early
Drawings will be Required

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Whats It Take to Build a Microgrid (Contd)

Factory Acceptance Testing
Construction
Commissioning

Monitoring & Performance Verification Plan

Set up your O&M plan
Pick Established Suppliers

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Military Microgrid Experience Dyess Air Force Base

S&C furnished:
Paralleling switchgear
EPC services for three generators
14 Scada-Mate Switches
5801 Automatic Switch Controls
IntelliTeam II System
Results: Increased power reliability
and security for critical functions

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Residential Community Microgrid Experience

Presidio, Texas
Power quality and high number of outages were major problems
Pre-contingency voltage could drop below 95%, post-contingency

voltage could drop below 90%

Repairs to troublesome 69-kV line took a long time to complete
Peak loads can exceed the weather-normalized load forecast

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Residential Community Microgrid Experience

Presidio, Texas
S&C furnished:
4-MW, 24-MWh PureWave
Storage Management System,
installed indoors
IntelliRupter PulseClosers

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Residential Community Microgrid Experience

Presidio, Texas
Results:
System can back up and
island entire town for 6 hours
Uses alternate utility source
for additional backup power

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Campus Microgrid Experience Santa Rita Jail, Dublin,

California
One of the largest correction facilities in the U.S., with average daily

power demand of 3 MW
Needed a way to store excess power produced by on-site generation,
and operate indefinitely without connection to local grid
Needed a way to purchase power off-peak and use it during high-cost
peak demand periods

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Campus Microgrid Experience Santa Rita Jail, Dublin,

California
S&C furnished:
2-MW PureWave Storage
Management System, can
power jail for up to 2 hours
All engineering services
Project management
Results: Jail expects to save
nearly $100,000 a year

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Campus Microgrid Experience Santa Rita Jail, Dublin,

California

http://www.acgov.org/smartgrid.htm
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