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MIPRO 2015
38th International Convention
May 25 - 29, 2015
Opatija, Croatia

Proceedings
Conferences:

Microelectronics, Electronics and Electronic Technology /MEET

Distributed Computing, Visualization and Biomedical
Engineering /DC VIS
Telecommunications & Information /CTI
Computers in Education /CE
Computers in Technical Systems /CTS
Intelligent Systems /CIS
Information Systems Security /ISS
Business Intelligence Systems /miproBIS
Digital Economy and Government, Local Government, Public
Services / DE-GLGPS
MIPRO Junior - Student Papers /SP
Edited by:

Petar Biljanovi

International Program Committee

Petar Biljanovi, General Chair, Croatia
A. Abell Gamazo, Spain
S. Amon, Slovenia
V. Aneli, Croatia
M.E. Auer, Austria
M. Baranovi, Croatia
L. Bellatreche, France
E. Brenner, Austria
A. Budin, Croatia
. Butkovi, Croatia
. Car, Croatia
M. Colnari, Slovenia
A. Cuzzocrea, Italy
M. iin-ain, Croatia
M. Delimar, Croatia
T. Eavis, Canada
M. Ferrari, Italy
B. Fetaji, Macedonia
T. Galinac Grbac, Croatia
P. Garza, Italy
L. Gavrilovska, Macedonia
M. Golfarelli, Italy
S. Golubi, Croatia
F. Gregoretti, Italy
S. Gro, Croatia
N. Guid, Slovenia
Y. Guo, United Kingdom
J. Henno, Estonia
L. Hluchy, Slovakia
V. Hudek, Croatia
. Hutinski, Croatia
M. Ivanda, Croatia
H. Jaakkola, Finland
L. Jelenkovi, Croatia
D. Jevti, Croatia
R. Jones, Switzerland
P. Kacsuk, Hungary

A. Karaivanova, Bulgaria
D. Kneevi, Croatia
M. Mauher, Croatia
I. Mekjavi, Slovenia
B. Mikac, Croatia
V. Milutinovi, Serbia
V. Mrvo, Croatia
J.F. Novak, Croatia
J. Pardillo, Spain
N. Pavei, Slovenia
V. Peri, Croatia
G. Radi, Croatia
S. Ribari, Croatia
J. Rozman, Slovenia
K. Skala, Croatia
I. Sluganovi, Croatia
V. Sruk, Croatia
U. Stani, Slovenia
N. Stojadinovi, Serbia
J. Sunde, Australia
A. Szabo, IEEE Croatia Section
L. Szirmay-Kalos, Hungary
D. ari, Croatia
D. imuni, Croatia
Z. imuni, Croatia
D. kvorc, Croatia
A. Teixeira, Portugal
E. Tijan, Croatia
A.M. Tjoa, Austria
R. Trobec, Slovenia
S. Uran, Croatia
T. Vmos, Hungary
M. Varga, Croatia
M. Vidas-Bubanja, Serbia
B. Vrdoljak, Croatia
R. Wrembel, Poland
D. Zazula, Slovenia

organized by
MIPRO Croatian Society
technical cosponsorship
IEEE Region 8

under the auspices of

Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia

Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure of the Republic of Croatia
Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Crafts of the Republic of Croatia
Ministry of Public Administration of the Republic of Croatia
Croatian Chamber of Economy
Primorsko-goranska County
City of Rijeka
City of Opatija
Croatian Regulatory Authority for Network Industries
Croatian Power Exchange - CROPEX

patrons

University of Zagreb, Croatia

University of Rijeka, Croatia
IEEE Croatia Section
IEEE Croatia Section Computer Chapter
IEEE Croatia Section Electron Devices/Solid-State Circuits Joint Chapter
IEEE Croatia Section Education Chapter
IEEE Croatia Section Communications Chapter
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croatia
Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies, Croatia
University of Rijeka, Faculty of Engineering, Croatia
University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics, Croatia
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Organization and Informatics, Varadin, Croatia
Polytechnic of Zagreb, Croatia
T-Croatian Telecom, Zagreb, Croatia
Ericsson Nikola Tesla, Zagreb, Croatia
Konar - Electrical Industries, Zagreb, Croatia
HEP - Croatian Electricity Company, Zagreb, Croatia
VIPnet, Zagreb, Croatia
Croatian Regulatory Authority for Network Industries, Zagreb, Croatia
Croatian Post, Zagreb, Croatia
Selmet, Zagreb, Croatia
CISEx, Zagreb, Croatia
Kermas energija, Zagreb, Croatia
Rezultanta, Zagreb, Croatia
River Publishers, Aalborg, Denmark

sponsors

Ericsson Nikola Tesla, Zagreb, Croatia

T-Croatian Telecom, Zagreb, Croatia
Konar-Electrical Industries, Zagreb, Croatia
HEP - Croatian Electricity Company, Zagreb, Croatia
InfoDom, Zagreb, Croatia
Hewlett Packard Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
IN2, Zagreb, Croatia
Transmitters and Communications Company, Zagreb, Croatia
Storm Computers, Zagreb, Croatia
Nokia, Zagreb, Croatia
VIPnet, Zagreb, Croatia
King-ICT, Zagreb, Croatia
Microsoft Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
Micro-Link, Zagreb, Croatia
Mjerne tehnologije, Zagreb, Croatia
Altpro, Zagreb, Croatia
Selmet, Zagreb, Croatia
ib-proCADD, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Nomen, Rijeka, Croatia

All papers are published in their original form

For Publisher:
Petar Biljanovi

Publisher:
Croatian Society for Information and Communication Technology,
Electronics and Microelectronics - MIPRO
Office: Kruna 8/II, P. O. Box 303, HR-51001 Rijeka, Croatia
Phone/Fax: (+385) 51 423 984

Printed by:
GRAFIK, Rijeka

ISBN 978-953-233-083-0

Copyright 2015 by MIPRO

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, nor may be stored in
a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, without written permission from the publisher.

CONTENTS
LIST OF PAPER REVIEWERS
LIST OF AUTORS
FOREWORD

MICROELECTRONICS, ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRONIC

TECHNOLOGY
INVITED PAPER
State-of-the-Art Semi-Classical Monte Carlo Method for Carrier Transport in
Nanoscale Transistors ............................................................................................................ 5
P. Palestri, E. Caruso, F. Driussi, D. Esseni, D. Lizzit, P. Osgnach, S. Venica, L. Selmi

PAPERS
Preparation and Characterization of SERS Substrates: from Colloids to Solid
Substrates .............................................................................................................................. 15
L. Mikac, M. Ivanda, M. Goti, D. Risti, V. erek, H. Gebavi, P.G. Gucciardi, S. Trusso, C.
D'Andrea
The Conductivity and TEMF of MoS2 with Mo2S3 Additive ........................................... 18
G.E. Yakovleva, A.S. Berdinsky, A.I. Romanenko, S.P. Khabarov, V.E. Fedorov
Strain-Sensing Element Based on Layered Sulfide Mo0.95Re0.05S2 ................................ 21
V.A. Kuznetsov, A.S. Berdinsky, A.Y. Ledneva, S.B. Artemkina, M.S. Tarasenko, V.E.
Fedorov
Electrical Properties of Composite Silicon Thin Films ..................................................... 25
V. Tudi
Impact of Different Gate Insulator Materials on the Electron Mobility in Ultra-thin
(100) InGaAs-on-insulator MOS Devices ........................................................................... 31
S. Krivec, M. Poljak, T. Suligoj
Impact of the Emitter Length Scaling on Electrical Characteristics of Horizontal
Current Bipolar Transistor with Single Polysilicon Region ............................................ 37
M. Korii, J. ilak, T. Suligoj

Optimization of Floating Guard Ring Parameters in Separate-Absorption-andMultiplication Silicon Avalanche Photodiode Structure .................................................. 43
I. Janekovi, T. Kneevi, T. Suligoj, D. Grubii
Low-Power Low-Voltage CMOS Analog Signal Processing Circuits Using a Functional
Core ....................................................................................................................................... 48
C. Popa
Multifunctional Circuit Using Improved Performances Linearization Technique ....... 52
C. Popa
Design of a High-Voltage Differential Amplifier Based on Stacked Low-Voltage
Standard CMOS with Different Input Stages ................................................................... 56
S. Pashmineh, D. Killat
Opamp Based Bandgap Voltage Reference in 130 nm: Design and Schematic Level
Simulation ............................................................................................................................. 62
A. Pajkanovi, V. Malbaa
Design of a Power Supply and Voltage References for a Wirelessly Powered ADC in
0.18-m CMOS ..................................................................................................................... 68
N. Bako, . Butkovi, A. Bari
RFID UHF Protocol Implementation in Distributed Sensor Networks .......................... 74
I. Broz, N. Bako, . Butkovi, A. Bari
Temperature Dependence of Injection-Locked Fabry-Prot Laser Emission in WDMPON Architectures ............................................................................................................... 80
M. prem, D. Babic, M. Bosiljevac, Z. ipu
Fiber-Optic Vibration Sensor for High-Power Electric Machines .................................. 85
B. Igrec, M. Bosiljevac, S. Rudan, Z. ipu, D. Babi
Comparison of Electrical and Electromagnetic Properties of a Planar Inductor .......... 89
J. Kundrata, A. Bari
Effects Influencing Repeatability of Direct Power Injection Measurements ................. 93
F. Fajdetic, M. Mikic, T. Mandi, A. Bari
SPICE Analysis of RL and RC Snubber Circuits for Synchronous Buck DC-DC
Converters ............................................................................................................................. 97
R. Blei, R. Gillon, B. Nauwelaers, A. Bari
Dual-channel Programmable Precise Time-delay Pulse Signal Generator for
Synchronous DC-DC Converter Applications ................................................................. 104
F. Hormot, J. Bamaga, A. Bari
Effect of Dead Time and Semiconductor Device Voltage Drops of Output Voltage of
Multilevel Converters ......................................................................................................... 109
I. Mrela, V. unde, M. Kovai

VI

Model of Three Level Neutral Point Clamped Converter (NPC) for Grid Connected
Photovoltaic Systems .......................................................................................................... 116
M. Novak, V. unde, . Jakopovi
Fast Development of a DSP-Based Control of Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter for
Auxiliary Power Supply Converters Using Hardware-in-the-Loop .............................. 121
I. Musulin, J. Babi, . Jakopovi
Noise Improvement Using SC Filters ............................................................................... 127
I. Volari, N. Stojkovi, S. Vlahini
Phase Demodulation of Magnetic GMR Signal for Virtual Sensing Applications by using
Hilbert Transform .............................................................................................................. 133
M. Adnan, D. Hammerschmidt, M. Huemer
Thin-film CIGS Solar Modules for Design Driven Applications in the Frame of the FP7
NMP Project SolarDesign .................................................................................................. 137
W. Brenner, N. Adamovi
Measurement System for Object Detection Based on Multielectrode Capacitive
Sensor .................................................................................................................................. 143
D. ika, T. Martinovi, H. Dapo
IBMS - Intelligent Building Management System Framework ..................................... 149
S. Tepi, P. Peji, J. Domi, H. Mihaldinec, H. Dapo
A Hybrid Local Method for Stereo Correspondence Based on Three-Dimensional
Recursive Search ................................................................................................................ 155
M. Roi, M. onli, T. Pribani
Two Approaches to Derive Approximate Formulae of NILT Method with
Generalization ..................................................................................................................... 161
L. Brank, N. Smith
Laboratory Exercise for Class B/AB Power Amplifier ................................................... 167
. Stojanovi, S. Stojanovi, I. inikas
Integration of High-Level Synthesis to the Courses on Reconfigurable
Digital Systems .................................................................................................................... 172
I. Skliarova, V. Sklyarov, A. Sudnitson, M. Kruus

VII

DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, VISUALIZATION AND

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
PAPERS
DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
Cloudflow A Framework for MapReduce Pipeline Development in Biomedical
Research .............................................................................................................................. 185
L. Forer, E. Afgan, H. Weiensteiner, D. Davidovi, G. Specht, F. Kronenberg, S. Schnherr
Science Gateway for Distributed Multiscale Course Management in e-Science and eLearning - Use Case for Study and Investigation of Functionalized Nanomaterials ... 191
Y. Gordienko, S. Stirenko, O. Gatsenko, L. Bekenov
Evaluation of POS Scheduling Algorithm for Distributed Computing Environment . 197
A. Shamakina, L. Sokolinsky
Performance evaluation on a Grid platform ................................................................... 201
A.A. Banka, M.A. Dedmari, M.T. Masoodi
Synergy of Volunteer Measurements and Volunteer Computing for Effective Data
Collecting, Processing, Simulating and Analyzing on a Worldwide Scale .................... 206
N. Gordienko, O. Lodygensky, G. Fedak, Y. Gordienko
Sucssessfull Implementation of L3B: Low Level Load Balancer .................................. 212
K. Cvetkov, S. Ristov, M. Gusev
Scalable and Parallel Machine Learning Algorithms for Statistical Data Mining Practice & Experience........................................................................................................ 217
M. Riedel, M. Goetz, M. Richerzhagen, P. Glock, C. Bodenstein, A.S. Memon, M.S. Memon
Decomposition of Natural Join Based on Domain-Interval Fragmented Column
Indices ................................................................................................................................. 223
E. Ivanova, L. Sokolinsky
Theoretical and Statistical Evaluation for Approximate Solution of Large, Over
Determined, Dense Linear Systems .................................................................................. 227
. Jerievi, I. Koar
DARIAH Meta Hosting: Sharing software in a distributed infrastructure ................. 230
J. Rybicki, B. von St. Vieth
Building and Provisioning Bioinformatics Environments on Public and Private
Clouds ................................................................................................................................. 236
E. Afgan, K. Krampis, N. Goonasekera, K. Skala, J. Taylor

VIII

Gathering Useful Programming Data: Analysis and Insights from Real-time

Collaborative Editing ......................................................................................................... 242
M. Rantala, J. Soini, T. Kilamo
Microservices Validation: Mjolnirr Platform Case Study ............................................. 248
D.I. Savchenko, G.I. Radchenko, O. Taipale
Four Level Provenance Support to Achieve Portable Reproducibility of Scientific
Workflows ........................................................................................................................... 254
A. Bnti, P. Kacsuk, M. Kozlovszky
Using the P-TOSCA Model for Energy Efficient Cloud ................................................. 258
B. Ivanovska, S. Ristov, M. Kostoska, M. Gusev
Achieving Dynamic Workflow Management System by Applying Provenance Based
Checkpointing Method ...................................................................................................... 263
E. Kail, P. Kacsuk, M. Kozlovszky
Operating System Impact on CPU and RAM Utilisation when Introducing XML
Security ................................................................................................................................ 267
S. Ristov, M. Gusev
Evaluating the Impact of the Number of Processor Cores, Cache Memory and Threads
During the Parallel Execution of Programs ..................................................................... 272
F. Dika, V. Xhafa
Performance Analysis of a New Cloud e-Business Solution ........................................... 276
K. Koli, M. Gusev, S. Ristov
Interoperable Job Execution and Data Access through UNICORE and the Global
Federated File System ........................................................................................................ 282
S. Memon, M. Riedel, C. Koeritz, A. Grimshaw
Multi-stream 2D Frequency Table Computation on Dataflow Architecture ............... 288
P. koda, V. Sruk, B. Medved Rogina
Porting an N-tier Application on Cloud using P-TOSCA: A Case Study ..................... 294
M. Kostoska, A. Donevski, M. Gusev, S. Ristov
Cloud Portability Standardisation Overview .................................................................. 299
E. Markoska, I. Chorbev, S. Ristov, M. Gusev
In-Situ Anonymization of Big Data .................................................................................. 305
T. Krian, M. Brakus, D. Vukeli

VISUALIZATION SYSTEMS
A GPU-based Simultaneous Real-Time EEG Processing and Visualization System for
Brain Imaging Applications .............................................................................................. 315
Z. Juhasz, G. Kozmann
IX

Web Portals for Visualizing and Searching Spatial Data ............................................... 321
L. Beirspahi, A. Karabegovi
Prototyping of Visualization Styles of 3D Scalar Fields Using POV-Ray Rendering
Engine .................................................................................................................................. 328
J. Opia
Freeform Spatial Modelling Using Depth-sensing Camera ............................................ 334
M. Volarevi, P. Mrazovi, . Mihajlovi
Seismic Data Visualisation................................................................................................. 340
M. Ivani, . Mihajlovi, I. Ivani
Situation and Location Awareness in Harsh Environment............................................ 344
M. Kozlovszky, D. Zavec Pavlini, A. Oder, G. Fehr, P. Bogdanov
Error Correcting Codes and Their Usage in Steganography and Watermarking....... 349
H. Kostadinov, N.L. Manev
Model for Calculation of Post Service Efficiency by Using GIS .................................... 353
M. Kranjac, U. Sikimi, M. Vujakovi
Generalization of Hypersphere Function ......................................................................... 359
D. Leti, I. Berkovi
Visualization and Multimedia Presentation of Cultural Heritage................................. 364
S. Rizvi, V. Okanovi, A. Sadak
Using Entropy Information Measures for Edge detection in Digital Images ............... 368
D. Suanj, V. Tuhtan, L. Lenac, G. Gulan, I. Koar, . Jerievi

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Wireless Electrocardiographic Monitoring in Veterinary Medicine............................. 375
M. Brlonik, V. Avbelj
Software for Acid-Base Status Disorders Management ................................................. 379
M. Manduka, E. Begi, Z. Begi, D. Bokovi
Impact of Electrode Misplacement on the Accuracy of 12-lead ECG Synthesized from
Differential Leads ............................................................................................................... 384
I. Tomai, R. Trobec, A. Rashkovska, M. Lindn
Extranodal Pacemaker Activity During Sleep - a Case Study of Wireless ECG Sensor
Data ...................................................................................................................................... 389
V. Avbelj
A New Color Assessment Methodology using Cluster-based Features for Skin Lesion
Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 392
M.J.M. Vasconcelos, L. Rosado, M. Ferreira
X

Automatic Adaptation of Filter Sequences for Cell Counting ....................................... 398

U. ibej, J. Lojk, M. Pavlin, L. ajn
Assessing Blood Pressure Unobrtusively by Smart Chair .............................................. 404
D. Zazula, J. Kranjec, P. Kranjec, B. Cigale
Towards Noninvasive Bioimpedance Sensor Design Based on Wide Bandwidth Ring
Resonator ............................................................................................................................ 409
M. Pavlin, F. Novak
Exploring Bacterial Biofilms with NAMD, a Highly Scalable Parallel Code for Complex
Molecular Simulations ....................................................................................................... 412
D. Tomi
Information System of the Institute for Blood Transfusion of Montenegro ................. 417
A. Balota

TELECOMMUNICATIONS & INFORMATION

PAPERS
TELECOM MARKET AND REGULATIONS
Effective Strategies for Implementation of Customer Experience Management in MSPs
in Bosnia and Herzegovina ................................................................................................ 429
N. Banovi-urguz , D. Ilievi
Regulatory Aspects of Child Online Protection .............................................................. 435
S. Hadovi, D. erval, S. Kovaevi
Architecture and Functionality in M2M Standards ....................................................... 439
M. Ptiek, V. akovi, M. Paveli, M. Kuek, G. Jei
Metodologija procjene kapaciteta RF spektra za potrebe implementacije mobilnih
servisa u periodu do 2020. godine sa primjenom u BiH ................................................. 445
A. Debo, A. Krivoi
Uloga kvalitetnog dizajna poslovnih procesa u sloenom okruenju telekomunikacijskog
trita ................................................................................................................................... 450
D. Markulin, K. Musa

SERVICES
Semantic Approach to Accommodation & Booking Related Web Services ................. 459
I. Pavkovi, I. tajduhar
XI

Voice over Wi-Fi ................................................................................................................. 465

D. Bilajbegovi
An Example of Real Time QoE IPTV Service Estimator ............................................... 468
N. Goran, M. Hadiali
Primjena mobilnih komunikacijskih tehnologija sa svrhom unapreenja usluga javnog
prijevoza .............................................................................................................................. 472
M. Dujak, Z. Civadeli, K. Vidovi, P. Mileti

SIMULATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS

Computer Modeling and Simulation of Teletraffic Models for 5G Networks .............. 479
E.P. Ivanova, T. Iliev, G. Mihaylov, I. Stoyanov, F. Tsvetanov, E. Otsetova, D. Radev
Simulation of a Quasigroup Error-Detecting Linear Code ............................................ 483
N. Ilievska, D. Gligoroski
An Integrated Remotely Controlled Oceanographic Measuring Station ...................... 489
H. Kalini, D. Jelavi, D. Ivankovi, J. Bai, S. Muslim, S. Marasovi, V. Dadi
Role of Performance Measurements in Process of Migration to IP Mobile Backhaul in
3G Networks ....................................................................................................................... 494
D. Ilievi, N. Banovi-urguz
Comparative Analysis of GSM Coverage Prediction with Measurement Results for
Urban Areas Using Statistical Nonparametric Mapping ............................................... 499
H. Lukin, E. Lukin, M. krbi

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING & DATA MANAGEMENT

Software Defined Networking Demands on Software Technologies ............................. 507
T. Galinac Grbac, C.M. Caba, J. Soler
Data Collection for Software Defect Prediction an Exploratory Case Study of Open
Source Software Projects ................................................................................................... 513
G. Maua, T. Galinac Grbac, B. Dalbelo Bai
Trendovi u izgradnji podatkovnih centara u Hrvatskoj ................................................ 520
M. Galac, D. Valeni
Data Storage and Analysis System for Conducting Biotechnological Experiments .... 528
D. Spahi, G. Maua, S. Kraljevi Paveli, T. Galinac Grbac

XII

CLOUD SYSTEMS
Automatizacija postavki mree u Cloud sustavima preko samouslunih portal .......... 537
M. Maras, T. Kosanovi
Data Storage and Synchronization in Private Cloud ..................................................... 541
D. Hodani, N. Vrki, M. Tomi
Testing in the Private Cloud ............................................................................................ 546
T. Pavi, I. Vrbovan, M. oa Ani

NETWORKS & NETWORKS PERFORMANCE

The Methodology for the Optimal Choice of Access Technologies ............................. 553
. Boinovi, N. Hadiahmetovi
An Open Source TCP/UDP-Based Network Probing Tool for Real-Time Packet Loss
Estimation ......................................................................................................................... 559
A.F. Khalifeh, A. Abbad, K.A. Darabkeh
Improvements in Failure Detection for Emergency Service Centers in IMS Network 564
I. Krevatin, . Preseki, M. Gudelj
BER Analysis in Relay-Based DF Cooperative Diversity Systems with Relay &
Destination Interferers ..................................................................................................... 569
A.M. Magableh, M.F. Al-Mistarihi, R. Mohaisen, A.H. Sharaqa
Outage Probability Analysis in Relay-Based DF Cooperative Diversity Systems with
Relay & Destination Interferers ...................................................................................... 574
R. Mohaisen, M.F. Al-Mistarihi, A.M. Magableh, A.H. Sharaqa
Closed Form Expression of Outage Probability in DCSK Cooperative Communication
Systems over Nakagami-m Fading Channels ................................................................ 580
M.F. Al-Mistarihi, A.M. Magableh, M.M. Al-Khasawneh
Outage Probability of Dual-Hop Amplify-and-Forward Cognitive Relay Networks under
Interference Power Constraints over Nakagami-m Fading Channels ......................... 584
M. Shurman, M.F. Al-Mistarihi, M. Alhulayil
Outage Probability of Amplify-and-Forward Underlay Cognitive Relay Networks with
Selection Diversity over Nakagami-m Fading Channels ............................................... 589
M. Alhulayil, M.F. Al-Mistarihi, M. Shurman

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Simulation of Energy Efficient Telecommunication Network ...................................... 597
G. Dimi, J. Seljan, D. imuni
XIII

Environmental Sustainability of Information and Communication Technologies for

Advanced Metering and Home Area Networks ............................................................. 601
V. Mujan, S. Aleksi
Aspects of Remote Monitoring and Recording System of Non-ionizing Electromagnetic
Radiation ........................................................................................................................... 607
D.S. uka, M.I. Simi, P.V. Pejovi
Energetic Self-Regulation of eWALL System ................................................................ 612
. Martinovi, D. Budi, D. imuni
Investigation of Electromagnetic Compatibility of High Frequency Polymer-Welding
Machines ........................................................................................................................... 617
L. Iliev, I. Stoyanov, T. Iliev, E.P. Ivanova
Energy Consumption Analysis of Real Metro-optical Network ................................... 621
J. Lorincz, E. Mujari, D. Begui
Doprinos informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija smanjenju emisija CO2 .......... 627
M. Berkovi, A. Kosovac

TELECOM INFRASTRUCTURE
A Low Energy Computer Infrastructure for Radio VOIP Supported Communication
and SDR APRS in Education and Disaster Relief Situations ....................................... 637
K. Hajdarevi, S. Konjicija
Evaluation of Software Defined Radio Systems for Smart Home Environments ....... 643
I. Vitas, D. imuni, P. Kneevi
Smartwatch as a Remote Server Monitoring Device: Implementation and Interaction
Design ................................................................................................................................. 647
A. Vega, S. Ljubi
Improving City Infrastructure Resilience Capacity: Water-supply
Network Case Study .......................................................................................................... 653
O. Juki, I. Hei, I. peh
Elektronika komunikacijska infrastruktura u zgradama ........................................... 658
J. Bajt

ALGORITHMS & PROTOCOLS

Integrating Extreme Programming with Software Engineering Education ................ 667
J.J.Y. Chen, M.M.Z. Wu
Sensors Definitions and Positioning for Load Balancing Algorithms .......................... 673
B. Radojevi, M. agar, I. Golub
XIV

Design of the BCJR Decoding Algorithm with Reduced Space Complexity ............... 678
D. Spasov
Towards a Self-organizing Sensor Network: An Algorithm ......................................... 682
J. Seljan, D. imuni, G. Dimi, B. Vrandei
Static Cluster and Dynamic Cluster Head (SCDCH) Adaptive Prediction-Based
Algorithm for Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks ...................................... 686
M.A. Wahdan, M.F. Al-Mistarihi, M. Shurman
New Efficient On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol over Mobile Ad hoc
Networks ............................................................................................................................ 691
K.A. Darabkeh, O.A. Alsukour
Implementation of a HMIPv6 Extension in the INET and xMIPv6 Simulation
Framework with Dynamic MAP Discovery for OMNeT 4.x ........................................ 695
E. Kadui, M. krbi, N. ivi, A. galj, A. Hantalaevi

NEW METHODS & SOLUTIONS

Matrix Inversion in the Design of Active Queue Management Mechanisms .............. 703
P. Mrozowski, A. Chydzinski
An Overview of Various Types of Waveguide Grating Based Demultiplexors in WDM
Systems ............................................................................................................................... 709
J. Tth, . Ovsenk, J. Turn
A Powerful Early-based Video Discarding Policy .......................................................... 714
K.A. Darabkeh, A.M. Awad, A.F. Khalifeh
Mobile Node Localization Using Infrared Angle of Arrival Sensor ............................. 719
D. Frantal, D. Arbula
A Profile- and Community-Driven Book Recommender System ................................. 724
I. Petrovi, P. Perkovi, I. tajduhar
Extending LARIS with Session Types: A Case Study in the Railway Interlocking ... 729
T. Kiss, F. Craciun, B. Parv
Monitoring Cerebral Processing of Gustatory Stimulation and Perception
Using Emotiv Epoc ............................................................................................................ 736
G. Madhale Jadav, M. Vranki, S. Vlahini
People Tracking Using Synthetically Generated Depth Maps ...................................... 739
L. Vretenar, K. Lenac
Virtualizacija mrenih funkcija u telekomunikacijama ................................................ 745
O. Lovakovi

XV

COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION
PAPERS
The Relations Between Cultural Dimensions and Quality of Communication in
Education ........................................................................................................................... 753
B. Grobenski, V. Vidaek-Hain
Collaboration, Distribution and Culture Challenges for Communication .............. 758
H. Jaakkola, J. Henno, B. Thalheim, J. Mkel
Project- and Product-Oriented Course ........................................................................... 766
J. Henno, H. Jaakkola, J. Mkel
Personalization of e-tivities using Web 2.0 tools and ELARS (E-learning Activities
Recommender System) ...................................................................................................... 770
J. Mezak, N. Hoi-Boi, M. Holenko Dlab
Model of Information System for Recognition of Non-Formal and Informal Learning in
Higher Education .............................................................................................................. 775
M. Balkovi, G. ambi, Z. Jani
Computer Game Angry Birds in Teaching Physics ....................................................... 781
D. Robi, R. Repnik
Towards Blended Learning: A Case Study .................................................................... 786
P. Linna, H. Keto, T. Mkinen
The use of HILL Online e-learning Environment in Language Teaching ................... 791
M. Linna, A. Valo
Information Literacy Assessment at the University of Zagreb: an Undergraduate
Students Perspective ........................................................................................................ 796
M. Pavlovski, I. Duner
Tiny Operating System Kernel for Education Purposes ............................................... 801
S. Ribi, A. Salihbegovi
Usage of Compulsory Content in Secondary School Education ................................... 807
R. Barii
Online Learning Efficiency in the Humanities ............................................................... 811
S. Gartner, M. Krana
Designing m-learning Materials for Language Learning .............................................. 816
D. Puki, M. Krana
Comparison of ICT in Education Between Slovenia and Serbia .................................. 822
M. Popovi, D. Cvetkovi, M. Krana
XVI

The Application of Formative E-Assessment Data in the Final Exam Results Modeling
Using Neural Networks ..................................................................................................... 827
J. Gamulin, O. Gamulin, D. Kermek
Knowledge Generating House a Tool for Education Based on Open Innovation
Principle ............................................................................................................................. 832
I. Korobaniov, D. Paov, N. Urbankov
FASTER Platform an On-Line Tool for EU Accountants Education ....................... 838
D. Paov, M. Vejaka
User Knowledge Development in the Field of Electronic Services and Their Security in
Slovakia ............................................................................................................................. 844
M. Vejaka, J. Bucko
A Course in Digital System Design using Unified E2LP Platform ............................... 850
I. Katelan, N. Pjevalica, M. Temerinac
Improving education experience with Augmented Reality (AR) .................................. 856
B. Kraut, J. Jekni
Introduction of the Automated Assessment of Homework Assignments in a Universitylevel Programming Course ............................................................................................... 862
M. Poenel, L. Frst, V. Mahni
Informatics Education and Requirements of Current Practice .................................... 868
L. Rvszov
Integrating Learning Management System and Faculty Information System Service
Oriented Approach ........................................................................................................... 874
P. Bjeljac, I. Zeevi, B. Perii
Evaluating the Effect of the Automatic Assessment Introduction in the ADS1 Course
Practical Work .................................................................................................................. 879
I. Roanc, J. Miheli
Conceptual Design, Development and Analyses of E-Learn SEEU Model and
Framework ......................................................................................................................... 885
B. Fetaji, M. Fetaji, O. Rakipi, M. Ebibi
Hands-on System Programming Labs & Projects Based on E2LP Platform .............. 891
B. Kordi, V. Marinkovi, M. Popovi, I. Katelan
Wiki-based Books as Alternatives to Printed University Publications ........................ 895
M. Sakal, P. Tumbas, P. Matkovi, V. Pavlievi
Analysis of Learning by Doing in the Creation of Instructional Video in Teaching
Optics .................................................................................................................................. 901
A. Wirth, R. Repnik

XVII

Examples of Best Practice of University-Industry Collaboration in the Domain of

Electro-CAD Application by using EPLAN P8 and E-learning Systems ...................... 905
D. Lukac
Self-paced Computer Aided Learning of Music Instruments ....................................... 910
M. Konecki
Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Language Learning ................................................... 915
V. Slavuj, B. Kovai, I. Jugo
Exam Questions Consistency Checking .......................................................................... 921
F. kopljanac-Maina, I. Zakarija, B. Blakovi
An Experience in Integrating Learning Management System with User's
Google Drive ...................................................................................................................... 925
L. Abazi-Bexheti, E. Jajaga, M. Apostolova-Trpkovska, B. Ismaili
Career and Skills Development for New Jobs ................................................................. 929
M. Lamza - Maroni, V. Jovanovski, J. Glava
The Implementation of QR Codes in the Educational Process ..................................... 934
M. Filipovi Tretinjak
Computers and Internet in Active Learning .................................................................. 937
A. Bednjanec, M. Filipovi Tretinjak, M. Tretinjak
Project Teaching is it Achievable Without the School Library? ............................... 940
D. Vincek
Benefits of Using Interactive Whiteboards at Kajzerica Elementary School .............. 946
I. Ruklja, M. Draenovi
Interactive Teaching with Socrative ................................................................................ 949
M. Filipovi Tretinjak, A. Bednjanec, M. Tretinjak
Using Cloud Computing in Stjepan Bencekovi Elementary School ........................... 953
B. Smolkovi Cerovski, M. Draenovi
Project-based Learning : Students (and teachers) as Authors / co-authors of Interactive
Multimedia Educational Content (Space Teacher) ........................................................ 956
K. Bedi
We Like Digital Using Mobile and Web Applications in High-school Project
Teaching ............................................................................................................................. 961
K. Bedi
Anonymity Ensurance in Creation of Satisfaction Surveys - Experience of
Polytechnic of ibenik ....................................................................................................... 967
F. Urem, K. Fertalj, B. upe, I. Livaja

XVIII

Implementation of Computer Programs in Visual Arts Education in Croatian Primary

Schools ................................................................................................................................ 971
Z. Prohaska, S. Benkovi, I. Uroda
E-Learning of Students in Course Fundamentals of Engineering Design Using the
System of Evaluation and Maintaining the Quality of Education and Scientific Research
.............................................................................................................................................. 977
L.I. Baltova
The Developments in Mobile Learning and its Application in the Higher Education
Including Libraries ........................................................................................................... 982
R. Vrana
Open Science, Open Access and Open Educational Resources: Challenges and
Opportunities ..................................................................................................................... 987
R. Vrana
The Emerging Strategy of Social Network Analysis: an Overview of Indicators,
Concepts and Implications .............................................................................................. 992
A. Papi
Children's Interest in the Media - Empirical Research ................................................. 997
M. Nadrljanski, V. Domitrovi
Modeling and Analysis of the Polyhedral Pyramid Structures by Method of Modified
Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) .............................................................................. 1003
S. Vukmirovi, M. iin-ain, I. Host
Geometric Programming in Designing of Mental Models on the Example of Strategic
Thinking Between Synergies Competition and Cooperation ...................................... 1009
S. Vukmirovi, Z. apko, A. Babi
Valuation of Options by Using Excel ............................................................................. 1016
Z. Prohaska, B. Olgi Draenovi, I. Uroda
Exploring the Use of Computers in Classroom Teaching ........................................... 1021
B. Kontoi, A. Kontoi, S. Biloslav
Intelligent Assistant for Helping Students to Learn Programming ............................ 1025
M. Konecki, N. Kadoi, R. Piltaver
Data Acquisition Systems - Examples of Laboratory Exercises ................................. 1030
O. Tasi, V. Tasi, D. Brodi, M. Pavlov-Kagadejev, M. Jevti, M. Aneli
The Gamification of Education ...................................................................................... 1034
S. Maravi isar, R. Pinter, P. isar,
Experiences and Practices in Blended Learning Environment .................................. 1039
T. Horvat, T. Alajbeg, S. Predani

XIX

Application of ICT in Process of Informatization of Education System - Efficiency of

Digital Log Book .............................................................................................................. 1044
D. Gluac, I. Tasi, B. Radulovi, . Muicki
Methodology for Online Study Program Development Case Study ePITUP ......... 1049
N. Kadoi, N. Begievi Reep
Effective Knowledge Exchange with Modern Didactic Concepts ............................... 1055
C. Ungermanns, W. Werth
Implementation of Information Technology in Accounting Course: A Qualitative
Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 1060
I. Bujan, A. Flac
Evaluating the Quality of Games Designed for Learning Programming by Students with
Different Educational Background: An Empirical Study ............................................ 1064
T. Orehovaki, S. Babi
Approaches for Implementation of Distance Learning in Higher Education ........... 1070
T.A. Hryhorova, V.P. Lyashenko, D.M. Kalinichenko
Usage of Databases and the Information Literacy of Students of the Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Computing .......................................................................................... 1075
N. Jelaa
Comparing MOOCs in m-learning and e-learning Settings ....................................... 1080
A. Brali, M. ukui, M. Jadri
Mining Association Rules in Learning Management Systems .................................... 1087
M. Perui Hrenjak, M. Mateti, M. Brki Bakari
Integrated Solution for On-line Environments Users Learning and Support ......... 1093
V. Riabtsev, K. Sinitsa, O. Voychenko
Istraivanje - miljenje uenika, roditelja, uitelja i uprave kole o primjeni e-Dnevnika,
unutar III. osnovne kole akovec ................................................................................ 1097
N. Boj
Digitalne kompetencije za nastavnike ........................................................................... 1102
V. Aneli, H. Laui Ramljak
Primjena internetskog foruma u prezentaciji i obrani seminarskih radova studija
sluaja kolegija Planiranje informacijskih sustava ...................................................... 1105
A. Sokovi, A. Jakupovi
Upravljanje Arduino platformom pomou programskog jezika Processing ............. 1110
A. Lackovi
Uenje programiranja kroz robotiku ............................................................................ 1114
P. Dobri, M. Mainko Kova

XX

Primjer implementacije e uenja u nastavi Informatike .......................................... 1117

J. Paanin, M. Rosi, A. Grubii
Digitalna zbirka zadataka s evaluatorom programskih rjeenja ............................... 1121
V. Galeev, R. ipek
Primjena raunalne animacije u nastavi opeg obveznog tehnikog odgoja i
obrazovanja ...................................................................................................................... 1127
D. Purkovi
ene i informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije zato su studentice rijetkost na
studiju raunarstva? ....................................................................................................... 1134
T. Babi, A. Ogrin, K. arkanj
Prema uspjenijem razvoju algoritamskog naina razmiljanja ................................ 1138
K. Blaeka
Kriteriji vrednovanja rada nastavnika od strane njihovih studenata ....................... 1144
M. Orli Bachler, M. Marinovi
Budunost eUenja .......................................................................................................... 1147
M. Serti
Analiza upotrebe programa u obrazovanju na primjeru sustava linearnih
jednadbi .......................................................................................................................... 1153
S. erkezovi, H. ii, I. Jagodi
E-uenje podrano rjeenjima u oblaku ....................................................................... 1158
I. Livaja, F. Urem, A. Grubii, I. aja, T. Radi Lako
Oblikovanje trodimenzionalnih objekata u sustavima virtualne stvarnosti
prilagoenih uenju ........................................................................................................ 1165
V. Filipai, M. Kukec, N. Poljanec
Izborna ili redovna nastava u osnovnim kolama ........................................................ 1170
D. okac, M. Antolovi
E-uenje i europsko vojno obrazovanje ........................................................................ 1172
V. Zekuli, D. Monik
Integriranje Etwinning projekta u nastavu informatike i engleskog jezika ............... 1178
B. Lamza, I. Narana
Struno usavravanje nastavnika putem e-uenja ....................................................... 1183
M. Mirkovi
Impress.js - open source prezentacijski okvir u nastavi uvoda u web tehnologije .... 1189
E. Cirikovi, D. Suk

XXI

COMPUTERS IN TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

PAPERS
Design of a Domain Specific Language and IDE for Internet of Things
Applications ...................................................................................................................... 1199
A. Salihbegovi, T. Eterovi, E. Kalji, S. Ribi
Basic PHP Implementations, Opcodes and Internal Work ......................................... 1205
A. imec, D. Lozi
WebRTC Technology Overview and Signaling Solution Design and
Implementation ................................................................................................................ 1209
B. Sredojev, D. Samardija, D. Posarac
Methods for Geotargeting Redirection in Corporate Wide Area Networks .............. 1213
D. Miljkovi
Geographically Dispersed Cluster of Web Application Servers on Virtualization
Platforms .......................................................................................................................... 1219
D. Miljkovi
Geolocation and Data Type Impact on SQL Query Execution Time Using Different
Database Approaches ...................................................................................................... 1225
K. imeni, I. Luki, M. Khler
A Novel Versatile Architecture for Internet of Things ................................................ 1229
L. Mili, L. Jelenkovi
Design and Development of the Software Solution for Analysis and Acquisition of the
High Voltage Circuit Breakers Dynamic Resistance Measurement Results ............. 1235
K. Obaranin, A. ei, N. Hadimejli
Data Collector Service - Practical Approach with Embedded Linux ......................... 1240
M. Saari, P. Sillberg, P. Rantanen, J. Soini, H. Fukai
Overview of ICT Technologies for the SMILE concept of Adaptive Stimulating
Environment .................................................................................................................... 1245
A. Guseva, M. Gusev, S. Ristov
Android-Powered Web Server for Volunteer-Based Environment Sensing ............. 1251
D. kvorc, M. Ori, S. Gro
Estimating Diver Orientation from Video Using Body Markers ................................ 1257
I. Renduli, A. Bibuli, N. Mikovi
Technologies for Distributed Flight Control Systems: a Review ................................ 1263
M. egvi, K. Krajek, E. Ivanjko

XXII

The Computer Architecture and Hardware Description Language .......................... 1269

A.S. Burlakov, A.E. Khmelnov
Heterogeneity Impact on MPSoC Platforms Performance .......................................... 1274
N. Frid, D. Ivoevi, V. Sruk
Problem-oriented on Tasks Data Mining Parallel Processor ...................................... 1280
D. Adzinets, D. Lavnikevich, M. Lukashevich, Y. Seitkulov, M. Tatur
A Model of Speed Profiles for Urban Road Networks Using G-means Clustering ... 1284
T. Erdeli, S. Vrbani, L. Roi
Optimisation of Factory Floor Layout Using Force-directed Graph Drawing
Algorithm ......................................................................................................................... 1290
T. Kandu, B. Rodi
Review on Unit Commitment under Uncertainty Approaches ................................... 1296
K. Jurkovi, H. Pandi, I. Kuzle
Describing Function Analysis of Systems with Fuzzy Compensated Odd Symmetric
Nonlinear Actuators ........................................................................................................ 1301
O. Kuljaa, K. Horvat
Simple Day-Ahead Bidding Algorithm for a System with Microgrids and a
Distributor ........................................................................................................................ 1306
L. Jelenkovi, T. Budrovi
MIA: a Multi-Purpose Intelligent Assistant ................................................................. 1312
M. Konecki, M. Gams, N. Ivkovi
GUIDL IA: An Intelligent Assistant for Aiding Visually Impaired in Using GUIDL 1317
M. Konecki, R. Kudeli, H. Gjoreski
Anomaly Detection in Thermal Power Plant using Probabilistic Neural Network ... 1321
A. Hajdarevi, I. Dananovi, L. Banjanovi-Mehmedovi, F. Mehmedovi
Neutral Grounding in Middle Voltage Power Systems: Simulation Model .............. 1327
S. Ravli, A. Marui, J. Havelka
Utjecaj momenta tereta na brzinu vrtnje sinkronog elektromotornog pogona ......... 1334
M. Paveti, T. Bjai
Funkcije naprednih mjernih sustava za elektrinu energiju ...................................... 1340
Z. Lipoak
Odreivanje mjerne nesigurnosti 3D laserskog skenera ............................................. 1345
N. Miji
Analiza operativnih karakteristika javnog gradskog prijevoza temeljem prikupljanja
podataka pokretnim osjetilima ...................................................................................... 1351
D. Budimir, D. Bri, N. Jelui
XXIII

Optimizacija procesa naplate cestarine na Autocesti Rijeka-Zagreb ........................ 1357

J. Ostoji, E. Kalajdi
Voenje elektroenergetskih mikromrea na osnovi sinkroniziranih mjerenja .......... 1363
S. Skok, M. Filipovi, V. Kirini

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
PAPERS
SPECIAL SESSION ON BIOMETRICS, SOFT-BIOMETRICS AND
DE-IDENTIFICATION
Binary Pattern Flavored Feature Extractors for Facial Expression Recognition: An
Overview .......................................................................................................................... 1375
R. Lyngby Kristensen, Z.H. Tan, Z. Ma, J. Guo
Detecting Humans in Videos by Combining Heterogeneous Detectors ...................... 1382
K. Brki, T. Hrka, Z. Kalafati
Identification of Authors of Documents Based on Offline Signature Recognition ... 1388
T. Marui, . Marui, . eremet
Comparing Affective Responses to Standardized Pictures and Videos:
A Study Report ................................................................................................................ 1394
M. Horvat, D. Kukolja, D. Ivanec
Retrieval of Multimedia Stimuli with Semantic and Emotional Cues: Suggestions from a
Controlled Study ............................................................................................................. 1399
M. Horvat, D. Kukolja, D. Ivanec
GWAT: The Geneva Affective Picture Database WordNet Annotation Tool ........... 1403
M. Horvat, D. Duvnjak, D. Jug
Evaluation of the Quality of Voice over IP Telephony Using the Decision Support
System Qualimetric Expertise ..................................................................................... 1408
R.S. Dorofeev, A.S. Dorofeev, O.A. Kostowskaya

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
A New Ensemble of Features for Breast Cancer Diagnosis.......................................... 1415
. Ikl Esener, S. Ergin, T. Yksel
Preliminary Study on Detection of Atrial Fibrillation during Oscillometric Blood
Pressure Measurement .................................................................................................... 1421
M. Mea

XXIV

Hybride Neuro-fuzzy Expert System for Assessing Diabetes Risk ............................. 1426
. Knok, Z. Avdagi, S. Omanovi
Solving Strip-Packing Problem Using Sequence Pair .................................................. 1430
D. Domovi, T. Rolich
Predicting Stock Market Trends Using Random Forests: A Sample of the Zagreb Stock
Exchange .......................................................................................................................... 1436
T. Manojlovi, I. tajduhar
GA-ANFIS Expert System Prototype for Detection of Tar Content in the Manufacturing
Process .............................................................................................................................. 1441
L. Begi Fazli, Z. Avdagi, I. Bei
A Review of Feature Selection Methods with Applications ......................................... 1447
A. Jovi, K. Brki, N. Bogunovi
Using Similarity-based Selection in Evolutionary Design of Decision Trees ............. 1453
L. Bonjak, S. Karakati, V. Podgorelec
A Semantic Markup Technique Based on Ontology Polysystem ................................ 1459
E. Cherkashin, K. Paskal, I. Bychkov
A Descriptive Specification Tools for Information System Design and
Configuration ................................................................................................................... 1465
A. Hmelnov, E. Fereferov, R. Fedorov, E. Cherkashin, I. Bychkov
Importance of Network Nodes for Navigation with Fractional Knowledge .............. 1471
D. Helic, F. Geigl
Using Latent Features to Measure the Diversity of Recommendation Lists ............. 1477
M. Kunaver, . Dobravec, A. Koir
Efficient Profiling and Distributed Synchronization of Statistical User Models for
Content-Targeting and Real-time Applications ........................................................... 1482
Lj. Mercep
Text Skew Estimation Based on the Horizontal Entropy Calculation ........................ 1488
D. Brodi, M. Jevti, Z.N. Milivojevi, V. Tasi
Optimization of Ring-Star Transmission Problem in Telecommunication Systems Based
on Ant Colony Algorithms .............................................................................................. 1492
V. Leti, Z. Avdagi, D. Bokovi
Using String Similarity Metrics for Automated Grading of SQL Statements .......... 1497
I. tajduhar, G. Maua
Multi-agent Modeling Methods for Massivley Multi-Player On-Line Role-Playing
Games ............................................................................................................................... 1503
M. Schatten, I. Tomii, B. Okrea uri

XXV

Temporal Dynamics of Changes in Group User's Preferences in Recommender

Systems ............................................................................................................................. 1509
B. Karahoda, D. onko, H. upi
Predicting Sports Results Using Latent Features: A Case Study ................................ 1514
. Dobravec
Role-Playing as a Knowledge Management Tool ......................................................... 1520
L. Brajkovi, W. Afri, V. Afri
Nadogradnja inteligentnog sustava aerodromskog odravanja serijskih strujnih
krugova ............................................................................................................................. 1526
Z. Bala, I. Puhalovi, G. Bjeli

INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY

PAPERS
TECHNICAL TRACK
Disabling Same Origin Policy for Automatization of Webform Data Entry ............. 1539
S. Ribi, A. Salihbegovi, A. Huseinovi
Towards a Rule-based Access Control Framework for Distributed Information
Systems ............................................................................................................................. 1544
S. Afonin
Improving the Android Smartphone Security Against Various Malware Threats ... 1550
D. Hrestak, S. Picek, . Rumenjak
Detection of DECT Identity Spoofing through Radio Frequency fingerprinting ..... 1556
I. Sanchez, R. Satta, R. Giuliani, G. Baldini
Study of Two Security Constructs on Throughput for Wireless Sensor Multi-Hop
Networks .......................................................................................................................... 1562
R.D. Sparrow, A.A. Adekunle, R.J. Berry, R.J. Farnish
A Practical NFC Relay Attack on Mobile Devices Using Card Emulation Mode ..... 1568
D. Cavdar, E. Tomur
Honeytokens as Active Defense ...................................................................................... 1573
R. Petruni

POLICY AND RISK TRACK

Artificial Intelligence in Network Intrusion Detection ................................................ 1581
M. tampar, K. Fertalj
XXVI

Advanced Persistent Threats Detection and Defense ................................................ 1587

J. Vukalovi, D. Delija
Security Risk Management in Complex Organization ................................................ 1594
I. Sedini, T. Perui

PRIVACY TRACK
Violation of User Privacy by IPTV Packet Sniffing in Home Network ..................... 1603
S. Vukojevi
Have we been Monetized and become Commodity without our Consent Privacy in the
Time of Big Data Technology .......................................................................................... 1609
M. agar, D. Mende Poljak

SECURITY AWARENESS AND EDUCATION TRACK

Impact of Security Education on Password Change .................................................... 1617
V. Taneski, M. Heriko, B. Brumen
Empirical Study on ICT Systems Users' Risky Behavior and Security Awareness 1623
K. oli, T. Velki, T. Galba
Moore's Curse on Textual Passwords ........................................................................... 1627
B. Brumen, V. Taneski

DIGITAL FORENSICS TRACK

Concepts and Methodology in Mobile Devices Digital Forensics Education and
Training ........................................................................................................................... 1635
D. Delija
RAM Data Significance in Digital Forensics ................................................................ 1641
K. Hausknecht, D. Foit, J. Buri
Competencies and Skills Needed for Digital Forensic Trainer ................................... 1645
D. Foit, J. Vukalovi, K. Hausknecht
Challenges in Network Forensics ................................................................................... 1651
J. Buri, D. Delija
An Approach to Digital Evidence Collection for Successful Forensic Application: An
Investigation of Blackmail Case ..................................................................................... 1656
K. Hajdarevi, V. Daltur

XXVII

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS

INVITED PAPER
Spatial OLAP for Agri-Environmental Data and Analysis: Lessons Learned .......... 1667
S. Bimonte

PAPERS
Accelerating Time Series Subsequence Matching on the Intel Xeon Phi Many-core
Coprocessor ...................................................................................................................... 1675
R. Miniakhmetov, A. Movchan, M. Zymbler
Outlier Detection as the Primary Step for Promotion Planning in Retail ................. 1681
M. Banek, D. Osreki, M. Vrani, D. Pintar
Data Warehouse in Era of Big Data Platforms ............................................................ 1687
T. Krian, M. Drueti
Delta View Generation for Incremental Loading of Large Dimensions in a Data
Warehouse ........................................................................................................................ 1693
I. Mekterovi, Lj. Brki
SimBusPro: A Simulation-Based Decision Support Tool used for the Optimization of
Business Processes running on the Cloud ..................................................................... 1699
A. zkk, A. Ercingz, H.A. Dnmez, T. Dkerolu, V. ler
System for Monitoring and Advanced Analysis of Handball Matches ....................... 1704
T. Hlupi, F. Jandrijevi, J. Kovaev, L. Petricioli, T. Gracin, M. Baranovi
Planiranje i nabava energije za pokrie gubitaka u distribucijskoj mrei ................. 1710
I. arki, Z. Lipoak, M. Malovrh
Automatska monotona kategorizacija numerikih varijabli ....................................... 1715
V. Horvat, K. Bokuli

DIGITAL ECONOMY AND GOVERNMENT, LOCAL

GOVERNMENT, PUBLIC SERVICES
INVITED PAPER
Public e-Procurement as a Key-Impact Factor in the UE Welfare Contest -The Italian
Public e-Markets: Research Findings and e-Solutions Analisys .................................. 1725
F. Bof, G. Casella
XXVIII

PAPERS
Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Overview of ICT as a Primary Driver behind the
Digital Economy ............................................................................................................... 1738
S. Aksentijevi, E. Tijan, G. Stumpf
Application of Service Oriented Architecture of Information Communication System in
Nautical Ports .................................................................................................................. 1744
P. Ristov, A. Mrvica, J. ani Mikulii
Internet Challenges for Print Media Advertising Practice Case of Belgrade Daily
Newspapers ...................................................................................................................... 1751
M. Vidas-Bubanja, I. Bubanja
The Success of Open Source Software: A Review ........................................................ 1757
D. Margan, S. andrli
Analysis of e-government Portal in Montenegro .......................................................... 1763
V. Lazovi, T. urikovi, B. Rondovi, D. Kovaevi, Z. Popovi
Determinants of Electronic Commerce - the Factors of Acceptance in Montenegro 1769
B. Rondovi, V. Lazovi, Z. Popovi, T. urikovi, D. Kovaevi
Laws of Network's Values and Values of Its Users ...................................................... 1775
E. Piri, M. Bajri, H. Bajri
Open Issues of Open Data in Croatia ............................................................................ 1780
D. Bui, J. uri
Cloud Services and Marketing ........................................................................................ 1786
J. Jekni, B. Kraut
RFID Based Access Control System .............................................................................. 1793
P. Ristov, T. Mikovi, A. Mrvica
Interoperablity of Bank Statements: A Case Study ...................................................... 1799
R. Chejkova-Nikolov, M. Gusev, M. Kostoska, S. Ristov
Social Networks in the Case of Tourism in Croatia ...................................................... 1805
Lj. Zekanovi-Korona
Financial Agency FINA and Online Auctions in Croatian Amended Distraint Act .. 1811
A.J. Klasinc
Scalable Architecture of e-Ordering System in Cloud ................................................. 1817
F. Dimitrievski, S. Ristov, M. Gusev, G. Armenski
The Potential of SEPA Credit Transfer Implementation in Croatia ......................... 1823
M. Ptiek, B. Vrdoljak, L. Humski, Z. Skoir, G. Bolana, . Gapari

XXIX

Business Process Orientation Construct Analysis in Companies in the Republic of

Macedonia ......................................................................................................................... 1829
M. Mijoska, N. Levkov
The Role of the Public Sector in Defining the Communication Strategies in the Croatian
Tourism Industry ............................................................................................................. 1835
. Bunja
Accounting Information Systems and their use in Local Governments Sector: Quality,
Efficiency, Security and Control Procedures as (present) Challenges ........................ 1840
M. Boban, T. uak
Citybus Mobile Application ........................................................................................... 1846
J. Abou Aldan, M. Lonar, M. Ivai-Kos
Analysis and Recommendations for e-business Development in Croatia ................... 1851
R. Smokvina, S. Aksentijevi, E. Tijan
Analiza sadraja internetskih stranica upanija, gradova i opina u Republici Hrvatskoj
u prvoj polovici 2014. god. ............................................................................................. 1857
T. Lamut, A. Sari
Implementacija informacijskog sustava za praenje aktivnosti unutar jedinice javne
uprave ............................................................................................................................... 1863
O. Juki, I. Hei, I. peh
Analiza sustav za nadzor potronje posebnih goriva ................................................... 1868
S. Bojko, V. Kumpar-Tasevski, M. Mateljan, A. Topi
Social Media Marketing Activity in Western Balkan Banking Industry .................... 1874
N. Levkov, M. Mijoska, D. Jovevski

MIPRO Junior STUDENT PAPERS

PAPERS
Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers for All Optical Fiber Communication ................... 1885
J. Ruzbarsky, J. Turan, . Ovsenk
Korelacijska analiza dotoka u akumulacijske bazene ................................................. 1890
E. Sutlovi, K. Zorii, T. Modri
PLC/SCADA Systems in Automation Control Design for Individual Quick Freezing
Process in Cooling Tunnels ............................................................................................. 1896
G. Jageti, M. Habazin, T. poljari
Sustav grijanja pogona za suenje papira ..................................................................... 1904
R. Bukvi, G. Mali, D. Mari
XXX

Ureaj za testiranje baterijskih elija 18650 ................................................................ 1910

A. Jakopli, D. Mari, G. Mali
Layout Optimizations to Decrease Internal Power and Area in Digital CMOS Standard
Cells ................................................................................................................................... 1915
J. Innocenti, F. Julien, J.M. Portal, L. Lopez, Q. Hubert, P. Masson, J. Sonzogni, S. Niel, A.
Regnier
A Simple Clock-Fault Detection Analog Circuit for High-Speed Crystal Oscillators 1921
A. Gamet, Y. Bacher, S. Meillre, P. Le Fevre, N. Froidevaux
Performance Analysis of Parallel Reduction and Matrix Multiplication on Parallella-16
Heterogeneous System .................................................................................................... 1925
N. ati, K. Imamovi, E. Jaarevi, N. Nosovi
Building Network-enabled Smart Sensors and Actuators ........................................... 1930
I. Pavi, J. Pukar, I. Soldo, I. Spasi, H. Dapo, D. ika
Turning a Smartphone into Structured Light 3D Scanner ......................................... 1935
M. Lelas, T. Pribani
A Heuristics Approach to Hamiltonian Completion Problem (HCP) ........................ 1940
H. Petri Mareti, A. Grbi
Security of End User Wireless Networks in Zagreb Area ........................................... 1946
J. Redepagi, D. Studen, V. Gavrani, A. Tekovi
Learning from Student Thesis Products: Examples and Experiences ....................... 1950
M. Vuievi, S. Predani, T. Horvat
Extracting Domain Knowledge by Complex Networks Analysis of Wikipedia
Entries ............................................................................................................................... 1955
N. Matas, S. Martini-Ipi, A. Metrovi
LaNCoA: A Python Toolkit for Language Networks Construction and Analysis ..... 1961
D. Margan, A. Metrovi
Parallelization of Two Popular Parallel Sorting Algorithms on GPU Using
OpenCL ............................................................................................................................ 1967
D. Azinovi, A. Hasanspahi, H. Hasi, N. Nosovi
Mobile Application for Finding ATMs ......................................................................... 1971
M. Lonar, J. Abou Aldan, M. Ivai-Kos

XXXI

LIST OF PAPER REVIEWERS

Abello Gamazo, A.
Afgan, E.
Aksentijevi, S.
Aleksi, S.
Amon, S.
Androec, D.
Aramo-Immonen, H.
Arbula, D.
Aenbrener Kati, M.
Avbelj, V.
Babi, D.
Babi, S.
Baa, M.
Banek, M.
Banek Zorica, M.
Baoti, M.
Baranovi, M.
Bartoli, J.
Basch, D.
Baant, A.
Bellatreche, L.
Bogdan, S.
Boji, I.
Britvi, I.
Brki, L.
Brki, M.
Budin, A.
Budin, L.
Budiseli, I.
Bujan, I.
Bukovi, M.
Buri, J.
Butkovi, .
Butorac, M.
Bui, D.
Car, .
Cihlar, D.
rnjaric-ic, N.
andrli, S.
apko, Z.
erekovi, A.
iin-ain, M.
ubrilo, M.
upi, M.
Davidovi, D.
Davidovi, M.
Dela, G.
Denona-Bogovi, N.
Depolli, M.
Dei, S.
Dobrijevi, O.
Dobriek, S.
Danko, M.
Dapo, H.
erek, V.
Erceg, I.
Filjar, R.
Fischer, D.
Galeti, V.

XXXII

(Spain)
(United States)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)
(Finland)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(France)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)

Galinac Grbac, T.
Gamberger, D.
Gamulin, O.
Garza, P.
Geri, S.
Glava, G.
Glava, J.
Gluac, D.
Golfarelli, M.
Golub, M.
Golubi, S.
Grani, A.
Grgi, K.
Gro, S.
Grubii, D.
Grubii, I.
Grudeni, I.
Guli, M.
Gulin, M.
Guna, J.
Hajdarevi, K.
Heimburger, A.
Henno, J.
Hoi-Boi, N.
Holenko Dlab, M.
Horvat, G.
Horvat, M.
Hrabar, S.
Hrka, T.
Huljeni, D.
Humski, L.
Ili, .
Inkret, R.
Ipi, I.
Ivai-Kos, M.
Ivkovi, N.
Ivoevi, D.
Jakobovi, D.
Jakupovi, A.
Jardas, M.
Jelenkovi, L.
Jevti, D.
Jei, Z.
Jei, G.
Job, J.
Jovanovic, V.
Jovi, A.
Jugovi, A.
Jurii, V.
Jurii, D.
Kalafati, Z.
Kalpi, D.
Katelan, I.
Kaui, B.
Kecskemti, G.
Keto, H.
Kirini, V.
Kiasondi, T.
Kopak, G.

(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Italy)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Serbia)
(Italy)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(United States)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Bosnia and Herzegovina)
(Finland)
(Estonia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Netherlands)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Serbia)
(Slovenia)
(Hungary)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Sweden)

Korii, M.
Kosec, G.
Kova, M.
Kovai, B.
Krajcar, S.
Krana, M.
Krevatin, I.
Krianovi, K.
Krois, I.
Krznari, M.
Kunaver, M.
Kuek, M.
Lhdeniemi, M.
Leino, M.
Lenac, K.
Leppniemi, J.
Lerga, J.
Lei, V.
Lipi, T.
Lui, D.
Lugari, T.
Lukac, D.
Lutovac, B.
Ma, Z.
Magdaleni, I.
Mkinen, T.
Malari, R.
Mance, D.
Mandi, T.
Marai, M.
Mareti, D.
Marinovi, M.
Marjanovi, T.
Markovi, I.
Martini-Ipi, S.
Mateljan, V.
Mateti, M.
Matijaevi, M.
Mekovec, R.
Mezak, J.
Mihajlovi, .
Mikac, B.
Mikuc, M.
Milanovi, I.
Milainovi, B.
Milii, P.
Mikovi, N.
Mitsa, V.
Mlinari, H.
Mogu-Milankovi, A.
Mrkovi, B.
Na, .
Nikitovi, M.
Oko, M.
Palomki, J.
Pavei, N.
Pavli, Z.
Pear-Ili, J.
Pejinovi, B.
Pelin, D.
Peri Hadi, A.
Perttula, A.
Petoi, A.

(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)
(Finland)
(Finland)
(Croatia)
(Finland)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Germany)
(Montenegro)
(China)
(Croatia)
(Finland)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Serbia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Ukraine)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Finland)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(United States)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)

Petrovi, T.
Picek, S.
Pintar, D.
Pipi, N.
Plesli, S.
Pobar, M.
Poljak, M.
Popovi, M.
Pogaj, .
Pripui, K.
Radi, J.
Radi, N.
Renduli, I.
Repnik, R.
Resnik, D.
Ribari, S.
Rupi, S.
Schatten, M.
Skala, K.
Skoir, Z.
Skorin-Kapov, L.
Slapniar, I.
Sluganovi, I.
Sokele, M.
Sovi, I.
Spri, V.
Sruk, V.
Stani, U.
Stapi, Z.
Staroniewicz, P.
Stipevi, M.
Stupar, I.
Subai, M.
upi, H.
Sunjevi, M.
ari, D.
aroli, A.
egvi, S.
iki, M.
imi, Z.
imuni, D.
ipu, Z.
kvorc, D.
triga, D.
truc, V.
unde, V.
vedek, T.
vogor, I.
Terzi, B.
Tomai, I.
Tomi, M.
Topi, M.
Trobec, R.
Trost, A.
Trec, K.
Tuomi, P.
Turan, J.
Varga, M.
Vasilijevi, A.
Vidaek-Hain, V.
Vinko, D.
Vladimir, K.
Vojkovi, G.

(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Serbia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)
(Poland)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Bosnia and Herzegovina)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Slovenia)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)
(Finland)
(Slovakia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)

XXXIII

Vrani, K.
Vrani, M.
Vrdoljak, B.
Vrtanik, D.
Vui, M.

XXXIV

(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)

Vukmirovi, S.
Vukovi, M.
Zonja, S.
Zulim, I.
galji Keko, A.

(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)
(Croatia)

AUTHOR INDEX
Abazi-Bexheti L.
925
Abbad A.
559
Abou Aldan J.
1846, 1971
Adamovi N.
137
Adekunle A.A.
1562
Adnan M.
133
Adzinets D.
1280
Afgan E.
185, 236
Afonin S.
1544
Afri V.
1520
Afri W.
1520
Aksentijevi S.
1738, 1851
Alajbeg T.
1039
Aleksi S.
601
Alhulayil M.
584, 589
Al-Khasawneh M.M.
580
Al-Mistarihi M.F.
569, 574, 580, 584, 589, 686
Alsukour O.A.
691
Aneli M.
1030
Aneli V.
1102
Antolovi M.
1170
Apostolova-Trpkovska M.
925
Arbula D.
719
Armenski G.
1817
Artemkina S.B.
21
Avbelj V.
375, 389
Avdagi Z.
1426, 1441, 1492
Awad A.M.
714
Azinovi D.
1967
Babic D.
80
Babi A.
1009
Babi D.
85
Babi J.
121
Babi S.
1064
Babi T.
1134
Bacher Y.
1921
Bamaga J.
104
Bajri H.
1775
Bajri M.
1775
Bajt J.
658
Bako N.
68, 74
Bala Z.
1526
Baldini G.
1556
Balkovi M.
775
Balota A.
417
Baltova L.I.
977
Bnti A.
254
Banek M.
1681
Banka A.A.
201
Banovi-urguz N.
429, 494
Banjanovi-Mehmedovi L.
1321
Baranovi M.
1704
Bari A.
68, 74, 89, 93, 97, 104
Barii R.
807
Bai J.
489
Beirspahi L.
321
Bedi K.
956, 961
Bednjanec A.
937, 949
Begievi Reep N.
1049

Begi E.
Begi Fazli L.
Begi Z.
Begui D.
Bekenov L.
Benkovi S.
Berdinsky A.S.
Berkovi I.
Berkovi M.
Berry R.J.
Bei I.
Bibuli A.
Bilajbegovi D.
Biloslav S.
Bimonte S.
Bjai T.
Bjeli G.
Bjeljac P.
Blakovi B.
Blaeka K.
Blei R.
Boban M.
Bodenstein C.
Bof F.
Bogdanov P.
Bogunovi N.
Boj N.
Bojko S.
Bokuli K.
Bolana G.
Bosiljevac M.
Bokovi D.
Bonjak L.
Boinovi .
Brajkovi L.
Brakus M.
Brali A.
Brank L.
Bri D.
Brenner W.
Brki Bakari M.
Brki K.
Brki Lj.
Brlonik M.
Brodi D.
Broz I.
Brumen B.
Bubanja I.
Bucko J.
Budi D.
Budimir D.
Budrovi T.
Bujan I.
Bukvi R.
Bunja .
Buri J.
Burlakov A.S.
Butkovi .
Bui D.

379
1441
379
621
191
971
18, 21
359
627
1562
1441
1257
465
1021
1667
1334
1526
874
921
1138
97
1840
217
1725
344
1447
1097
1868
1715
1823
80, 85
1492, 379
1453
553
1520
305
1080
161
1351
137
1087
1382, 1447
1693
375
1030, 1488
74
1617, 1627
1751
844
612
1351
1306
1060
1904
1835
1641, 1651
1269
68, 74
1780

XXXV

Bychkov I.
Caba C.M.
Caruso E.
Casella G.
Cavdar D.
Chejkova-Nikolov R.
Chen J.J.Y.
Cherkashin E.
Chorbev I.
Chydzinski A.
Cigale B.
Cirikovi E.
Civadeli Z.
Craciun F.
Cvetkov K.
Cvetkovi D.
akovi V.
andrli S.
apko Z.
erkezovi S.
ibej U.
iin-ain M.
inikas I.
isar P.
ati N.
ika D.
ukui M.
Dadi V.
Dalbelo Bai B.
D'Andrea C.
Darabkeh K.A.
Davidovi D.
Dedmari M.A.
Delija D.
Dika F.
Dimi G.
Dimitrievski F.
Dobravec .
Dobri P.
Dkerolu T.
Domitrovi V.
Domovi D.
Domi J.
Donevski A.
Dnmez H.A.
Dorofeev A.S.
Dorofeev R.S.
Draenovi M.
Driussi F.
Drueti M.
Dujak M.
Duner I.
Duvnjak D.
Daltur V.
Dananovi I.
Dapo H.
Debo A.
ambi G.
erek V.
onko D.
onli M.
urikovi T.
uri J.

XXXVI

1459, 1465
507
5
1725
1568
1799
667
1459, 1465
299
703
404
1189
472
729
212
822
439
1757
1009
1153
398
1003
167
1034
1925
143, 1930
1080
489
513
15
559, 691, 714
185
201
1587, 1635, 1651
272
597, 682
1817
1477, 1514
1114
1699
997
1430
149
294
1699
1408
1408
946, 953
5
1687
472
796
1403
1656
1321
143, 149, 1930
445
775
15
1509
155
1763, 1769
1780

Ebibi M.
Ercingz A.
Erdeli T.
Ergin S.
Esseni D.
Eterovi T.
Fajdetic F.
Farnish R.J.
Fedak G.
Fedorov R.
Fedorov V.E.
Fehr G.
Fereferov E.
Ferreira M.
Fertalj K.
Fetaji B.
Fetaji M.
Filipai V.
Filipovi M.
Filipovi Tretinjak M.
Flac A.
Foit D.
Forer L.
Frantal D.
Frid N.
Froidevaux N.
Fukai H.
Frst L.
Galac M.
Galba T.
Galeev V.
Galinac Grbac T.
Gamet A.
Gams M.
Gamulin J.
Gamulin O.
Gartner S.
Gapari .
Gatsenko O.
Gavrani V.
Gebavi H.
Geigl F.
Gillon R.
Giuliani R.
Gjoreski H.
Glava J.
Gligoroski D.
Glock P.
Gluac D.
Goetz M.
Golub I.
Goonasekera N.
Goran N.
Gordienko N.
Gordienko Y.
Goti M.
Gracin T.
Grbi A.
Grimshaw A.
Grobenski B.
Gro S.
Grubii A.
Grubii D.

885
1699
1284
1415
5
1199
93
1562
206
1465
18, 21
344
1465
392
967, 1581
885
885
1165
1363
934, 937, 949
1060
1641, 1645
185
719
1274
1921
1240
862
520
1623
1121
507, 513, 528
1921
1312
827
827
811
1823
191
1946
15
1471
97
1556
1317
929
483
217
1044
217
673
236
468
206
191, 206
15
1704
1940
282
753
1251
1117, 1158
43

Gucciardi P.G.
15
Gudelj M.
564
Gulan G.
368
Guo J.
1375
Gusev M. 1245, 212, 258, 267, 276, 294, 299, 1799, 1817
Guseva A.
1245
Habazin M.
1896
Hadiahmetovi N.
553
Hadiali M.
468
Hadimejli N.
1235
Hadovi S.
435
Hajdarevi A.
1321
Hajdarevi K.
637, 1656
Hammerschmidt D.
133
Hantalaevi A.
695.
Hasanspahi A.
1967
Hasi H.
1967
Hausknecht K.
1641, 1645
Havelka J.
1327
Hei I.
653, 1863
Helic D.
1471
Henno J.
758, 766
Heriko M.
1617
Hlupi T.
1704
Hmelnov A.
1465
Hodani D.
541
Hoi-Boi N.
770
Holenko Dlab M.
770
Hormot F.
104
Horvat K.
1301
Horvat M.
1394, 1399, 1403
Horvat T.
1039, 1950
Horvat V.
1715
Host I.
1003
Hrestak D.
1550
Hrka T.
1382
Hryhorova T.A.
1070
Hubert Q.
1915
Huemer M.
133
Humski L.
1823
Huseinovi A.
1539
Igrec B.
85
Iliev L.
617
Iliev T.
479, 617
Ilievska N.
483
Ilievi D.
429, 494
Imamovi K.
1925
Innocenti J.
1915
Ikl Esener .
1415
ler V.
1699
Ismaili B.
925
Ivani I.
340
Ivani M.
340
Ivanda M.
15
Ivanec D.
1394, 1399
Ivankovi D.
489
Ivanova E.
223
Ivanova E.P.
479, 617
Ivanovska B.
258
Ivanjko E.
1263
Ivai-Kos M.
1846, 1971
Ivkovi N.
1312
Ivoevi D.
1274

Jaakkola H.
Jadri M.
Jageti G.
Jagodi I.
Jajaga E.
Jakopli A.
Jakopovi .
Jakupovi A.
Jani Z.
Jandrijevi F.
Janekovi I.
Jaarevi E.
Jekni J.
Jelaa N.
Jelavi D.
Jelenkovi L.
Jelui N.
Jerievi .
Jevti M.
Jei G.
Jovanovski V.
Jovevski D.
Jovi A.
Jug D.
Jugo I.
Juhasz Z.
Juki O.
Julien F.
Jurkovi K.
Kacsuk P.
Kadoi N.
Kadui E.
Kail E.
Kalafati Z.
Kalajdi E.
Kalinichenko D.M.
Kalini H.
Kalji E.
Kandu T.
Karabegovi A.
Karahoda B.
Karakati S.
Katelan I.
Kermek D.
Keto H.
Khabarov S.P.
Khalifeh A.F.
Khmelnov A.E.
Kilamo T.
Killat D.
Kirini V.
Kiss T.
Klasinc A.J.
Kneevi P.
Kneevi T.
Knok .
Koeritz C.
Khler M.
Koli K.
Konecki M.
Konecki M.
Kontoi A.
Kontoi B.

758, 766
1080
1896
1153
925
1910
116, 121
1105
775
1704
43
1925
856, 1786
1075
489
1229, 1306
1351
227, 368
1030, 1488
439
929
1874
1447
1403
915
315
653, 1863
1915
1296
254, 263
1025, 1049
695
263
1382
1357
1070
489
1199
1290
321
1509
1453
850, 891
827
786
18
559, 714
1269
242
56
1363
729
1811
643
43
1426
282
1225
276
1025, 1312, 1317
910
1021
1021

XXXVII

Konjicija S.
Kordi B.
Korii M.
Korobaniov I.
Kosanovi T.
Kosovac A.
Kostadinov H.
Kostoska M.
Kostowskaya O.A.
Koir A.
Kovaev J.
Kovaevi D.
Kovaevi S.
Kovai B.
Kovai M.
Kozlovszky M.
Kozmann G.
Koar I.
Krajek K.
Kraljevi Paveli S.
Krampis K.
Kranjac M.
Kranjec J.
Kranjec P.
Krana M.
Kraut B.
Kraut B.
Krevatin I.
Krivec S.
Krivoi A.
Krian T.
Kronenberg F.
Kruus M.
Kudeli R.
Kukec M.
Kukolja D.
Kuljaa O.
Kumpar-Tasevski V.
Kunaver M.
Kundrata J.
Kuek M.
Kuzle I.
Kuznetsov V.A.
Lackovi A.
Lamut T.
Lamza - Maroni M.
Lamza B.
Laui Ramljak H.
Lavnikevich D.
Lazovi V.
Le Fevre P.
Ledneva A.Y.
Lelas M.
Lenac K.
Lenac L.
Leti D.
Leti V.
Levkov N.
Lindn M.
Linna M.
Linna P.
Lipoak Z.
Livaja I.

XXXVIII

637
891
37
832
537
627
349
258, 294, 1799
1408
1477
1704
1763, 1769
435
915
109
254, 263, 344
315
227, 368
1263
528
236
353
404
404
811, 816, 822
1786
856
564
31
445
1687, 305
185
172
1317
1165
1394, 1399
1301
1868
1477
89
439
1296
21
1110
1857
929
1178
1102
1280
1763, 1769
1921
21
1935
739
368
359
1492
1829, 1874
384
791
786
1710, 1340
967, 1158

Lizzit D.
Lodygensky O.
Lojk J.
Lonar M.
Lopez L.
Lorincz J.
Lovakovi O.
Lozi D.
Lukin E.
Lukin H.
Lukac D.
Lukashevich M.
Luki I.
Lyashenko V.P.
Lyngby Kristensen R.
Ljubi S.
Ma Z.
Mainko Kova M.
Madhale Jadav G.
Magableh A.M.
Mahni V.
Mkel J.
Mkinen T.
Malbaa V.
Mali G.
Malovrh M.
Mandi T.
Manduka M.
Manev N.L.
Manojlovi T.
Maras M.
Marasovi S.
Maravi isar S.
Margan D.
Marinkovi V.
Marinovi M.
Markoska E.
Markulin D.
Mari D.
Martini-Ipi S.
Martinovi T.
Martinovi .
Marui A.
Marui T.
Marui .
Masoodi M.T.
Masson P.
Matas N.
Mateljan M.
Mateti M.
Matkovi P.
Maua G.
Medved Rogina B.
Mehmedovi F.
Meillre S.
Mekterovi I.
Memon A.S.
Memon M.S.
Memon S.
Mende Poljak D.
Mercep Lj.
Metrovi A.
Mezak J.

5
206
398
1846, 1971
1915
621
745
1205
499
499
905
1280
1225
1070
1375
647
1375
1114
736
569, 574, 580
862
758, 766
786
62
1904, 1910
1710
93
379
349
1436
537
489
1034
1757, 1961
891
1144
299
450
1904, 1910
1955
143
612
1327
1388
1388
201
1915
1955
1868
1087
895
1497, 513, 528
288
1321
1921
1693
217
217
282
1609
1482
1955, 1961
770

Mea M.
Mihajlovi .
Mihaldinec H.
Mihaylov G.
Miheli J.
Miji N.
Mijoska M.
Mikac L.
Mikic M.
Mileti P.
Mili L.
Milivojevi Z.N.
Miljkovi D.
Miniakhmetov R.
Mirkovi M.
Mikovi N.
Mikovi T.
Modri T.
Mohaisen R.
Movchan A.
Monik D.
Mrazovi P.
Mrela I.
Mrozowski P.
Mrvica A.
Mujan V.
Mujari E.
Musa K.
Muslim S.
Musulin I.
Muicki .
Nadrljanski M.
Narana I.
Nauwelaers B.
Niel S.
Nosovi N.
Novak F.
Novak M.
Obaranin K.
Oder A.
Ogrin A.
Okanovi V.
Okrea uri B.
Olgi Draenovi B.
Omanovi S.
Opia J.
Orehovaki T.
Orli Bachler M.
Ori M.
Osgnach P.
Osreki D.
Ostoji J.
Otsetova E.
Ovsenk .
zkk A.
Pajkanovi A.
Palestri P.
Paov D.
Pandi H.
Papi A.
Parv B.
Pashmineh S.
Paskal K.

1421
334, 340
149
479
879
1345
1829, 1874
15
93
472
1229
1488
1213, 1219
1675
1183
1257
1793
1890
569, 574
1675
1172
334
109
703
1744, 1793
601
621
450
489
121
1044
997
1178
97
1915
1925, 1967
409
116
1235
344
1134
364
1503
1016
1426
328
1064
1144
1251
5
1681
1357
479
709, 1885
1699
62
5
832, 838
1296
992
729
56
1459

Paveli M.
Paveti M.
Pavi I.
Pavi T.
Pavkovi I.
Pavlievi V.
Pavlin M.
Pavlin M.
Pavlov-Kagadejev M.
Pavlovski M.
Paanin J.
Peji P.
Pejovi P.V.
Perii B.
Perkovi P.
Perui Hrenjak M.
Perui T.
Petricioli L.
Petri Mareti H.
Petrovi I.
Petruni R.
Picek S.
Piltaver R.
Pintar D.
Pinter R.
Piri E.
Pjevalica N.
Podgorelec V.
Poljak M.
Poljanec N.
Popa C.
Popovi M.
Popovi M.
Popovi Z.
Portal J.M.
Posarac D.
Poenel M.
Predani S.
Preseki .
Pribani T.
Prohaska Z.
Prohaska Z.
Ptiek M.
Puhalovi I.
Puki D.
Purkovi D.
Pukar J.
Radchenko G.I.
Radev D.
Radi Lako T.
Radojevi B.
Radulovi B.
Rakipi O.
Rantala M.
Rantanen P.
Rashkovska A.
Ravli S.
Redepagi J.
Regnier A.
Renduli I.
Repnik R.
Rvszov L.
Riabtsev V.

439
1334
1930
546
459
895
398
409
1030
796
1117
149
607
874
724
1087
1594
1704
1940
724
1573
1550
1025
1681
1034
1775
850
1453
31
1165
48, 52
822
891
1763, 1769
1915
1209
862
1039, 1950
564
155, 1935
1016
971
439, 1823
1526
816
1127
1930
248
479
1158
673
1044
885
242
1240
384
1327
1946
1915
1257
781, 901
868
1093

XXXIX

Ribi S.
801, 1199, 1539
Richerzhagen M.
217
Riedel M.
217, 282
Risti D.
15
Ristov P.
1744, 1793
Ristov S.
1245, 212, 258, 267, 276, 294, 299, 1799, 1817
Rizvi S.
364
Robi D.
781
Rodi B.
1290
Rolich T.
1430
Romanenko A.I.
18
Rondovi B.
1763, 1769
Rosado L.
392
Rosi M.
1117
Roanc I.
879
Roi L.
1284
Roi M.
155
Rudan S.
85
Ruklja I.
946
Rumenjak .
1550
Ruzbarsky J.
1885
Rybicki J.
230
Saari M.
1240
Sadak A.
364
Sakal M.
895
Salihbegovi A.
1539, 801, 1199
Samardija D.
1209
Sanchez I.
1556
Sari A.
1857
Satta R.
1556
Savchenko D.I.
248
Schatten M.
1503
Schnherr S.
185
Sedini I.
1594
Seitkulov Y.
1280
Selmi L.
5
Seljan J.
597, 682
Serti M.
1147
Shamakina A.
197
Sharaqa A.H.
569, 574
Shurman M.
584, 589, M. 686
Sikimi U.
353
Sillberg P.
1240
Simi M.I.
607
Sinitsa K.
1093
Skala K.
236
Skliarova I.
172
Sklyarov V.
172
Skoir Z.
1823
Skok S.
1363
Slavuj V.
915
Smith N.
161
Smokvina R.
1851
Smolkovi Cerovski B.
953
Sokovi A.
1105
Soini J.
1240, 242
Sokolinsky L.
197, 223
Soldo I.
1930
Soler J.
507
Sonzogni J.
1915
Spahi D.
528
Sparrow R.D.
1562
Spasi I.
1930

XL

Spasov D.
Specht G.
Sredojev B.
Sruk V.
Stirenko S.
Stojanovi S.
Stojanovi .
Stojkovi N.
Stoyanov I.
Studen D.
Stumpf G.
Sudnitson A.
Suk D.
Suligoj T.
Suanj D.
Sutlovi E.
ajn L.
arkanj K.
ei A.
egvi M.
eremet .
erval D.
imec A.
imeni K.
imuni D.
ipek R.
ipu Z.
ii H.
koda P.
kopljanac-Maina F.
krbi M.
kvorc D.
okac D.
oli K.
oa Ani M.
peh I.
poljari T.
prem M.
tajduhar I.
tampar M.
uka D.S.
unde V.
upe B.
upi H.
uak T.
Taipale O.
Tan Z.H.
Taneski V.
Tarasenko M.S.
Tasi I.
Tasi O.
Tasi V.
Tatur M.
Taylor J.
Tekovi A.
Temerinac M.
Tepi S.
Thalheim B.
Tijan E.
Tomai I.
Tomii I.
Tomi D.
Tomi M.

678
185
1209
1274, 288
191
167
167
127
479, 617
1946
1738
172
1189
31, 37, 43
368
1890
398
1134
1235
1263
1388
435
1205
1225
597, 612, 643, 682
1121
80, 85
1153
288
921
499, 695
1251
1170
1623
546
653, 1863
1896
80
1436, 1497, 459, 724
1581
607
109, 116
967
1509
1840
248
1375
1617, 1627
21
1044
1030
1030, 1488
1280
236
1946
850
149
758
1738, 1851
384
1503
412
541

Tomur E.
Topi A.
Tth J.
Tretinjak M.
Trobec R.
Trusso S.
Tsvetanov F.
Tudi V.
Tuhtan V.
Tumbas P.
Turn J.
Ungermanns C.
Urbankov N.
Urem F.
Uroda I.
Valeni D.
Valo A.
Vasconcelos M.J.M.
Vega A.
Vejaka M.
Velki T.
Venica S.
Vidaek-Hain V.
Vidas-Bubanja M.
Vidovi K.
Vincek D.
Vitas I.
Vlahini S.
Vlahini S.
Volarevi M.
Volari I.
von St. Vieth B.
Voychenko O.
Vrana R.
Vrandei B.
Vrani M.

1568
1868
709
937, 949
384
15
479
25
368
895
709, 1885
1055
832
967, 1158
971, 1016
520
791
392
647
838, 844
1623
5
753
1751
472
940
643
127
736
334
127
230
1093
982, 987
682
1681

Vranki M.
Vrbani S.
Vrbovan I.
Vrdoljak B.
Vretenar L.
Vrki N.
Vuievi M.
Vujakovi M.
Vukalovi J.
Vukeli D.
Vukmirovi S.
Vukojevi S.
Wahdan M.A.
Weiensteiner H.
Werth W.
Wirth A.
Wu M.M.Z.
Xhafa V.
Yakovleva G.E.
Yksel T.
Zakarija I.
Zavec Pavlini D.
Zazula D.
Zeevi I.
Zekanovi-Korona Lj.
Zekuli V.
Zorii K.
Zymbler M.
agar M.
agar M.
aja I.
ani Mikulii J.
arki I.
galj A.
ilak J.
ivi N.

736
1284
546
1823
739
541
1950
353
1587, 1645
305
1003, 1009
1603
686
185
1055
901
667
272
18
1415
921
344
404
874
1805
1172
1890
1675
1609
673
1158
1744
1710
695
37
695

XLI

Analysis and recommendations for e-business

development in Croatia
Ranko Smokvina 1, Sasa Aksentijevic 2, Edvard Tijan 3
1
InfoExpert, Ltd.
Lorenzov prolaz 13, Rijeka, Croatia
Tel. +385 98 293660 E-mail: infoexpert@ri.t-com.hr
2 Aksentijevi Forensics and Consulting, Ltd.

Gornji Sroki 125a, Vikovo, Croatia

Tel: +385 51 65 17 00 Fax: +385 51 65 17 81 E-mail: axy@vip.hr
3

University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies

Studentska 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Tel: +385 51 33 84 11 Fax: +385 51 33 67 55 E-mail: etijan@pfri.hr

Abstract In this paper, the development of e-business in

Croatia in the last decade has been researched, with special
emphasis on legislation, organization and state influence,
along with the influence of other relevant and potential
stakeholders. The influence of Croatian inclusion into the
European Union has been analyzed, both before and after
the inclusion in 2013. The main directions of e-business
development in Croatia are presented. Main segments of ebusiness have been analyzed (b2b - business-to-business, b2g
- business-to-government and c2g - citizen-to-government).
EU DESI, UN e-Government Survey, e-Participation Index
(EPI), World Economic Forum (WEF) data, UN Open
Government Data (OGD) and other relevant indices have
been studied and interpreted. In the closing part of the
paper, guidelines for development of e-business in Croatia
are presented along with author conclusions, specifying ebusiness as a key element for the evolution of digital
economy and digital society.

II.

Digital economy and society results presented in the

paper are assessed by using the latest indices and reports
from reputable and up to date sources. These sources
include the following:

EU: Digital Economy & Society Index 2015 [1],

UN: E-Government results assessed according to

UN E-Government Survey 2014 [2],

World
Economic
Forum:
Competitiveness Report 2014-2015 [3],

World Economic Forum: Global Information

Technology Report 2014 [4].

III.
I.

INTRODUCTION

The research started with three different relevant

resources for analysis and recommendations of e-business
development in Croatia:

e-Domains observed in the paper: B2B & B2G,

as being the most socially relevant,

Nicholas Negropontes vision outlined in the

1995 book: Being Digital, and

EU 2010-2020 Digital Agenda for Europe.

Croatia has joined EU in the summer of 2013 and the

object of our research is the achieved level of adoption of
e-business and e-government paradigms one and a half
years after the accession. To understand the current state
of e-business in Croatia, available and published indices
from relevant organizations have been identified, studied
thoroughly, explained and conclusions were drawn based
on them.
Finally, recommendations are given on how to
improve the current situation in form of exact steps to be
taken after identifying the main involved stakeholders.

MIPRO 2015/DE-GLGPS

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY OF E-BUSINESS

DEVELOPMENT IN CROATIA

Global

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN E-BUSINESS AND EGOVERNMENT AREAS IN CROATIA

In order to analyze various facets of achieved level of

implementation of e-Business and e-Government systems
in Croatia, selected aspects are presented including the
most recent developments related to the implementation of
such systems.
National PKI system provided by Financial Agency
FINA [5] is being used by public and private users. FINA
is the only issuer of digital certificates in Croatia.
Citizens are generally not using FINA certificates to
access e-services. The eID project, which was promised
by Ministry of Interior to include certificates for digital
identification and signature is still not on the horizon.
FINA is also serving some important applications related
to e-Government and b2g, among them most notably
HITRO.HR (Croatian Governments service for quick
communication between individuals and business entities
and the state administration), Central Registry of Insured
Persons (REGOS), Public Sector Employees Registry
(RegZap), Blue Diesel Consumption Supervisory System,
Registry of Court and Notary Public Securities,
HITRONet end e-File.

1851

The e-Citizen system [6] promoted by Ministry of

Administration is in its initial phase, offering several
services to citizens and business. Since there is no
widespread national certification mechanism available, eCitizen system is trying to temporarily fill the gap by
using its own hybrid NIAS (National Identification and
Authentication System) [7] consisting of combination of
several local and partial identification and authentication
solutions. E-Citizen is not expected to show its full
potential until the 'real' NIAS is in operation and when a
fully expanded set of useful and practical services is
offered to citizens and businesses.
GS1 organization in the Republic of Croatia [8] is,
among other activities, active in providing its members
with electronic cataloguing GlobeCat service which is,
thru built-in global synchronization network, offering far
reaching possibilities for Croatian GS1 member
companies.
The Eurostat eInvoicing data for Croatia's eInvoicing
penetration in 2014 is about 10% which is, according to
authors opinion, also a statistically optimistic result. Slow
take-up of eInvoicing in Croatia, in both public and
private sector is a good indicator of the whole eBusiness
implementation along both the supply and financial

chains. Some good examples in supply-chain automation

[9] clearly show what results could be reached on the
larger scale if more companies in Croatia adopt similar
development path. Croatia is lagging in adoption of
eInvoice, being included into the lowest <15% penetration
group [10].
IV.

OVERVIEW OF EU DESI 2015. (DIGITAL

ECONOMY AND SOCIETY INDEX)

On 24th of February 2015, EU has published the

results of the new Digital Economy and Society survey
with the appropriate scoring and rankings among 28 EU
member states. All data contained in this paragraph is
derived from the data presented in that survey [11]. Here
the authors reproduce some of data presented by the EU.
It should be noted that Croatia has been analyzed by the
EU as a member of the low-performance cluster of
countries.
DESI survey scores range from 0 to 1, the higher the
score the better the country performance. Structure of
DESI indices and composition factors related to principal
policy area, sub dimension weights, indicators, units and
ranges are shown in Table 1.

TABLE I. STRUCTURE OF DESI INDICES AND COMPOSITION FACTORS

Principal policy
area (weight %)
Connectivity
(25%)

Sub-dimension
(weight %)
Fixed BB (33%)
Mobile BB
(22%)
Speed (33%)

Human
Capital (25%)

Use of internet
(15%)

Integration of
digital
technology
(20%)

Affordability
(11%)
Basic skills and
usage (50%)
Advanced skills
and development
(50%)
Content (33%)

Communication
(33%)
Transactions
(33%)
Business
digitalization
(60%)

eCommerce
(40%)
Digital public
services (15%)

eGovernment
(67%)

eHealth (33%)

1852

Indicator

Unit

Min

Max

Fixed broadband coverage

Fixed broadband take-up
Mobile broadband take-up
Spectrum
Next Generation Access
coverage
Subscriptions to fast broadb.
Fixed broadband price

% households
% households
Subscribers per 100 people
% of the target
% households

80%
50%
25%
25%
0%

100%
100%
150%
100%
100%

% of subscriptions >=30Mbps
% of individual gross income (EUR PPP)

0%
0%

75%
4%

% individuals
% individuals
% individuals
Graduates in STEM per 1000 individuals (20-29 year
old)
% individuals who used internet in the last 3 months
% individuals who used internet in the last 3 months
% households with a TV
% households with a TV
% individuals who used internet in the last 3 months
% individuals who used internet in the last 3 months
% individuals who used internet in the last 3 months
% internet users (last year)
% enterprises

40%
0%
0%
0

100%
100%
5%
40

33%
20%
0%
0%
20%
40%
0%
0%
0%

100%
100%
100%
75%
100%
100%
100%
100%
50%

% enterprises
% enterprises
% enterprises
% enterprises
% of SMEs
% turnover
% of SMEs
% of internet users (last year)
score (0 to 100)
score (0 to 100)
score (0 to 700)
% general practitioners
% general practitioners

0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0
0
0
0%
0%

15%
50%
50%
50%
33%
33%
25%
80%
100
100
700
100%
100%

Internet users
Basic digital skills
ICT specialists
Science, Technology,
Engineering, Math graduates
News
Music, videos and games
Video on demand
Internet Protocol TV
Video calls
Social networks
Banking
Shopping
Electronic information
sharing
RFID (Radio Freq. IDentif.)
Social media
eInvoices
Cloud
SMEs selling online
eCommerce Turnover
Selling online cross-border
eGovernment users
Pre-filled forms
Online Services completion
Open data
Medical data exchange
ePrescription

MIPRO 2015/DE-GLGPS

In the DESI 2015 survey, low-performing cluster of

countries comprises of Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Croatia,
Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia.
As shown in Fig. 1, Croatia ranks better than EUs
average in integration of digital technology. Croatia ranks
better than low-performance cluster of countries in digital
public services and human capital.

TABLE II. CROATIAS DESI 2015 RANKING COMPARED TO

PREVIOUS YEAR, CLUSTER SCORE AND EU SCORE
Croatia
rank
score
1.
Connectivity
2. Human
Capital
3. Use of
Internet
4. Integration
of Digital
Technology
5. Digital
Public
Services

2015
2014
2015
2014
2015
2014
2015
2014

28
26
21
20
25
22
10
17

0,33
0,36
0,43
0,45
0,34
0,35
0,38
0,31

2015
2014

19
19

0,38
0,36

Cluster
score
0,45
0,39
0,42
0,38
0,38
0,33
0,27
0,23

EU
score
0,55
0,51
0,54
0,52
0,41
0,39
0,33
0,30

0,34
0,33

0,47
0,45

In the year 2015 Croatia has achieved better score than

in the previous year in Integration of digital technology
and Digital public services, but other three DESI scores
are lower than in the previous year. Better rank in the year
2015 than in the previous year Croatia obtained only in
Integration of digital technology (+7), mainly because the
e-Prescription service (ranking 3rd in EU, only behind
Estonia and Denmark) entered in full operation and
received maximal scores. All other rankings are lower
than previous year, except for Digital public services
where the score remained the same.

Figure 1. Croatia's DESI 2015 overall score

Croatia has a weaker rank than the representative

cluster in use of Internet and connectivity, where it has the
worst rank among all EU member states.
In the DESI 2015 survey, Croatia has achieved an
overall score of 0.37 (the same as the previous year) and
ranks 24th (three places down compared to the previous
year) out of the 28 EU Member States. Croatia falls into
the low-performance cluster, ranking below EUs average
(Fig. 2).

EU DESI data for the year 2015 are published

accompanied with a very detailed Methodological note
(68 pages) [1]. In addition to that, EU also provides
interested researchers with raw data which can be used for
further deep analysis of digital phenomena in EU member
states, and EU as a whole.
As shown in Figure 2, in DESI 2015 Croatia ranks at
24th place among 28 EU member states. Denmark is at the
first place with the DESI score of 0,68 and Romania is at
the last place with the DESI score of 0,31.

Figure 2. DESI 2015 EU main rankings

Figure 2. Croatias DESI 2015 ranking within the EU

V.
Data, ranks and scores related to different domains
(Connectivity, Human Capital, Use of Internet, Integration
of Digital Technology, and Digital Public Services) are
shown in Table II.

MIPRO 2015/DE-GLGPS

UNITED NATIONS E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014

The UN has after two years published its new

eGovernment Survey in New York in 2014 [2], so it is
possible to compare similar data for the year 2012. The
survey includes the Annexes with detailed survey
methodological manual describing formulas used to
calculate all relevant indexes. Croatia was ranked 47th in
the survey, with EGDI (E-Government Development

1853

Index) of 0,6282 (17 places lower than two years before

when Croatia was ranked 30th). The survey, among other
things, states:
The small proportion of high scores in the Online
Service Index (OSI), for example in the range of 0.7 and
above, suggests that some governments with access to
more advanced telecommunication infrastructures may be
able to leverage existing technology more fully in public
service delivery, especially in cases where human capital
is high. To illustrate, consider on the one hand the case of
Republic of Croatia that is well advanced in human
capital and telecommunication infrastructure, but has an
Online Service Index that is less than 0.5. On the other
hand, consider Uruguay which has the same size and
similar income levels to those of Croatia, as well as
similar
Human
Capital
Index
(HCI)
and
Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII), but has
invested more in online services, which is reflected in its
OSI (0.8504) as shown in Figure. This shows that
Republic of Croatia has great potential to improve its
online services.

1.Online
Service
Component
(OSI)

2. Telecomm.
Infrastructure
Component
(TII)

3. Human
Capital
Component
(HCI)

0,4646

0,6271

0,7928

EGDI =
0,6282

Figure 4. E-Government Development Index (EGDI)

OSI =
0,4646

Stage 1
Emerging
presence

Stage 2
Enhanced
presence

Stage 3
Transactional pres.

Stage 4
Networked
(connected)
presence

59%

68%

26%

18%

Figure 5. Online Service Index (OSI)

According to that, the comparison between two quite

similar states, Uruguay and Croatia, shows some
interesting results, as shown in Figure 3.

TII =
0,627
1

% of
Internet
Users

Fixed
telephone
Subscr.
per 100
inhab.

MobileCellular
Subscr.
per 100
inhab.

Fixed BB
Subscr.
per 100
inhab.

WIFI
BB
Subscr.
per 100
inhab.

63

38,07

115,41

20,67

53,9

Figure 6. Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII)

HCI =
0,7928

Adult
literacy
(%)

Gross
enrolment
ratio
(%)

Expected
years of
schooling

Mean years
of
schooling

98,99%

81,8%

14,11

9,8

Figure 7. Human Capital Index (HCI)

Survey methodology for 2014 states: For the 2014

Survey questionnaire, the thematic subthemes identified
are:

Figure 3. OSI, HCI and TCI comparison between Croatia and

Uruguay

It is important to note that eGovernment eCentral

State Office for eCroatia was three year ago transferred
into a Ministry of Public Administration by a newly
appointed government, becoming the Department for
eCroatia.
Some more information from the UN E-Government
2014 survey can be extracted from component indices
shown in the following figures.

1854

Whole-of-government;
Multichannel service delivery;
Bridging the digital divide;
Increasing usage;
Open Government;
E-participation.

E-Participation Index (EPI) is derived as an important

supplementary index to the UN E-Government Survey. It
extends the dimension of the Survey by focusing on the
use of online services to facilitate provision of
information by governments to citizens (e-information

MIPRO 2015/DE-GLGPS

sharing),
interaction
with
stakeholders
(econsultation) and engagement in decision-making
processes (e-decision making). Explanation of the
principle of E-Participation Framework is the following:
E-information: Enabling participation by providing
citizens with public information and access to
information without or upon demand.

sub index

pillar

value
(1-7)

Environment

Political and
regulatory
Business and
innovation

3,5

rank
(out of
148)
88

4,7

44

Infrastructure and
digital content
Affordability
Skills

4,6

54

6,0
5,6

36
36

Usage

Individual
Business
Government

5,0
3,5
4,1

39
81
65

Impact

Economic
Social

3,6
3,8

40
66

Readiness

E-consultation: Engaging citizens in contributions to

and deliberation on public policies and services.
E-decision-making: Empowering citizens through codesign of policy options and co-production of service
components and delivery modalities.

EPI
=
0,333

Total
%

Stage 1 %
eInformation

Stage 2 %
eConsultation

Stage 3 %
e-Decisionmaking

31,03

44,44

27,27

Figure 9. WEF Networked Readiness Index (NRI) data

WEF Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) is shown in

the Fig 10. According to GCI 2014-2015 index, Croatias
value is 4,1, ranking it 77th out of 144 surveyed
countries.

Figure 8. E-Participation Index (EPI)

score

Regarding e-Participation, Croatia was not ranked

among the top 50 global performers (ranked 97 th) by the
UN E-Government Survey 2014. Finally, the same is also
valid for UN Open Government Data (OGD). According
to UNs definition of OGD, data is considered open
when it is shared with an open license in a way that
permits commercial and non-commercial use and reuse
without restrictions. Furthermore, Croatia was not
ranked among the top 50 global performers regarding the
usage of Open Government Data by the UN EGovernment Survey 2014. However, a large step towards
data opening by the Croatian government was done on
March 19th 2015 when data.gov.hr public portal was
open. This portal will serve as a data hub for collecting,
categorizing and distributing open data of the public
sector in Croatia.

VI.

Basic requirements

Efficiency
enhancers

Innovation and
sophistication
factors

Institutions
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
Health and primary
education
Higher education and
training
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market
efficiency
Financial market
development
Technological
readiness
Market size
Business
sophistication
Innovation

(1-7)
3,6
4,7
4,4

rank
(out of
144)
87
44
91

5,9

60

4,8

53

4,1

105

3,9

106

3,9

74

4,6

44

3,6
3,8

79
83

3,1

93

WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM DATA

Figure 10. WEF Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) 2014-2015

World Economic Forum data are sourced from two

WEF reports: Global Information Technology Report
2014 [4], and Global Competitiveness Report, 2014-2015
[3]. As shown in Fig. 9, Croatias Networked Readiness
Index (NRI) for 2014 was 4,3 and it was ranked 46th out
of 148 countries. For comparison, Croatias NRI for 2013
was 4,2, ranking it 51st out of 144 surveyed countries.

MIPRO 2015/DE-GLGPS

For comparison, the data for the previous three year

periods are shown here:
1.
2.
3.

GCI 2013-2014 = 4,1 - ranking 75th (out of 148)

GCI 2012-2013 = 4,0 - ranking 81st (out of 144)
GCI 2011-2012 = 4,1 - ranking 76th (out of 142)

1855

VII.

CONCLUSION

Being late is not a good strategy in e-Business and eGovernment, and it seems that Croatia is at least on the
brink of being late according to researched and described
indices.
On the whole, at the current level of the e-Business
adoption Croatia is suffering from the following issues:

Poor eRecords,
Lacking and late e-Legislation (no national
initiatives),
Inadequate organization and management of
national e-Bodies,
Poor e-Governance,
Automation of business processes is not
included in the National Industrial Strategy,
There are no national standards for e-business.

Development of e-business and its components,

especially Internet and communications are stagnating in
Croatia, which places Croatia at the very bottom of the
EU and at the lower end of the first third of surveyed
countries according to UNs methodology. There is no
significant advance in ranking in the past years.
There are several very noticeable advances in
implementation of some e-government services that are
contributing to slight elevation of ranking (notable
example is e-prescription, where Croatia is among
European leaders, and data openness promoted by
data.gov.hr portal).
However, the authors recognize the lack of
government involvement to coordinate all e-business and
e-Government effort. Creation of a new central
governmental body (independent of specific ministerial
domains, responsible for Digital Croatia strategic
planning), and co-ordination between Government
agencies and Industry (both public and private) is highly
recommended and seems to be a prerequisite for further
advances in Croatias digital position.
The person appointed as head of the body for Digital
Croatia should be a high positioned official at the level of
State Minister (as in UK, for example) or minister for
digital economy (as in France) or even two persons (like
commissioners in EC), each responsible for digital

1856

economy and society and separately for digital market.

No more 'silo' organizations should be allowed.
New and comprehensive national digital strategy
should be proposed by the government and approved in
Croatian Parliament, with clear goals to be reached by
2020, according to national and EU priorities.
Financial push should be given for research and
development of digital competencies and knowledge
through grant initiatives. Tax-reductions are highly
advised for enterprises adopting new e-business practices.
Available EU funding should be used in preparations, and
maximal use of digital projects and programs should be
endorsed in addition to own funds and grants.
In order to enhance the penetration of e-technologies
in general population, national digital literacy program
for everybody to be included everywhere" should be
devised, including but not restricted to the new European
Computer Driving License.

REFERENCES
[1]

European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications

Networks, Content and Technology, DESI 2015 Digital Economy
and Society Index, Methodological note (accessed March 19th
2015)
[2] unpan3.un.org/egovkb/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2014
(accessed March 19th 2015)
[3] Global Competitiveness Report, 2014-2015, World Economic
Forum, http://www.weforum.org/reports/global-competitivenessreport-2014-2015 (accessed March 19th 2015)
[4] The Global Information Technology report 2014, World
Economic
Forum,
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalInformationTechnolo
gy_Report_2014.pdf (accessed March 19th 2015)
[5] http://www.fina.hr/Default.aspx?sec=1152 (accessed March 19th
2015)
[6] https://gov.hr/e-gradjani/23 (accessed March 19th 2015)
[7] https://nias.gov.hr/Home/TermsOfUse (accessed March 19th
2015)
[8] http://www.gs1hr.org/djelatnosti/razmjena/gdsn (accessed March
19th 2015)
[9] http://www.agrokor.hr/hr/ (accessed March 19th 2015)
[10] Koch, B: "The impact of B2G E-Invoicing to the whole economy",
13th conference eBiz 2014, Zagreb, Croatia, March 24th 2014
[11] http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/digital-agendascoreboard(accessed March 19th 2015)

MIPRO 2015/DE-GLGPS