PART 1

(a)
(i) Mathematical optimization deals with the problem of finding numerically minimums (or
maximums or zeros) of a function. In this context, the function is called cost function, or objective
function, or energy more generally, optimization includes finding ' best available ' values of some
objective function given a defined domain (or a set of constrainst ), including a variety of different
types of objective functions and different types of domains.
(ii) In mathematical analysis, the maxima and minima (the plural of maximum and minimum) of a
function, known collectively as extrema (plural of extremum), are the largest and smallest value of
the function within the entire domain of a function (the global or absolute extrema).
We say that f(x) has an absolute (or global) maximum at x=c if f(x) f (c) for every x in the
domain we are working on.
We say that f(x) has an absolute (or global) minimum at x=c if if f(x) f (c) for every x in the
domain we are working on.
(iii) In mathematical analysis, the maxima and minima (the plural of maximum and minimum) of
a function, known collectively as extrema (the plural of extremum), are the largest and smallest
value of the function, within a given range
(the local or relative extrema).
We say that f(x) has a relative (or local) maximum at x=c if f(x) f (c) for every x in some open
interval around .
We say that f(x) has a relative (or local) minimum at x=c if f(x) f (c) for every x in some open
interval around.

b)
Method 1:

y=ax+bx+c

Method 2
y=a(x-h)+k
Method 3

y=ax^2+bx+c

Method 4
f(x)=x+x+1

PART 2
(a)

Let height be x and width y

Total amount of fencing required
x+x+x+x+y+y= 4x+2y=200
1
Area of the pen =xy (heightwidth)
A=xy
2
y=100-2x
3
Substitute 3 2
A=x(100-2x)
A=100x-2x^2
Differentiate the equation
dA =100-4x
dx
100-4x=0

METHOD IN
FINDING
MAXIMUM AND
MINIMUM VALUE

4(25-x)=0
25-x=0
x=25
The dimension
When x=25
y=100-2(25)
y=50

Maximum area
=50m25m
=1250

b)
Let the side of the square to be cut off be h cm

1) The volume of open box is

V=h(30-2h)
V= h(900-120h+4h)

V=900h-240h+4h

2) To find the maximum value :

domain of V= 0<x<15

dv/dh = 900-240h+12h
= 12(75-20h+h )
= 12(h-15)(h-5)
h-15 =0 , h-5=0
h=15
h =5
(x=15 is rejected ,not belongs to domain of V )
Thus , the maximum volume /Largest possible volume

V= h(30-2h) , substitute h=5

V=2000 cm

PART 3
Based on the equation, a table has been constructed where t represent the number of
hours starting from 0 hours to 23 hours and P represent the number of people.

t / hours
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

P/number of people
0
241
900
1800
2700
3359
3600
3359
2700
1800
900
241
0
241

(ii) The peak hours with 3600 people in the mall is after 6 hours the mall opens
9:30 a.m. + 6 hours = 3:30 p.m.
.
(iii) 7:30 p.m. is 10 hours after the malls opens. Based on the graph, the number of
people at the mall at 7:30 p.m. is 900 people.
(iv) By using formula, P(t) = -1800cos(/6)t +1800
2570 = -1800cos(/6)t +1800
(/6)t = cos - 0.428
t = 3.84 hours
t = 3 hours 50 minutes
Thus, 9 : 30 a.m. + 3 hours 50 minutes = 1:20 p.m.

b)
i.

(a) I. Cost : 100x + 200y 1400

II. Space : 0.6x + 0.8y 7.2
III. Volume = 0.8x + 1.2y

(b) I. y = -1/2 x +7
x
y

0
7

2
6

4
5

6
4

8
3

12
1

14
0

4
6

6
4.5

8
3

10
1.5

12
0

II. y = - 3/4 x + 9
x
y

0
9

2
7.5

(ii) Maximum storage volume

Method 1 Test using corner point of Linear Programming Graph (8, 3), (0, 7),
and (12, 0)
Volume = 0.8x + 1.2y
Coordinate 1 - (8,3)
Volume = 0.8(8) + 1.2(3)
Volume = 10 cubic meter
Coordinate 2 - (0,7)
Volume = 0.8(0) + 1.2(7)
Volume = 8.4 cubic meter
Coordinate 3 - (12,0)
Volume = 0.8(12) + 1.2(0)
Volume = 9.6 cubic meter
Thus, the maximum storage volume is 10 cubic meter.
Method 2 Using simultaneous equation

y = -(1/2) x + 7 ----- 1
y = -(3/4) x + 9 ----- 2
Substitute Equation 2 into 1
-(3/4) x + 9= -(1/2) x +7
x=8
y=3
Applying the value of x and y in formula, Volume = 0.8x + 1.2y
Thus, the maximum storage volume is 10 cubic meter.

(iii)
Carbinet x
4
5
6
7
8
9

Carbinet y
6
5
4
3
3
2

Total Cost (RM)

1600
1500
1400
1300
1400
1300

(iv) If I were Aaron, I would choose combination (x = 8, y =3). Because the cost is
exictly RM 1 400 and it also maximize the volume 10 cubic metre with high number
of combination of cabinet II.

INTRODUCTION
In mathematics, the maximum and minimum of a function, known collectively as
extrema are the largest and smallest value that the function takes at a point either
within a given neighbourhood (local or extremum) or on the function domain in its
entirety (global or absolute extremum). Pierre de Fermat was one of the first
mathematician to propose a general technique (called adequality) for finding maxima
and minima. To locate extreme value is the basic objective of optimization.

OBJECTIVES
Additional Mathematics is one of the compulsory subjects for SPM science stream
candidates. We students would have to carry out a project work based on a topic given
and must be submitted in three weeks time.The objective of carrying out this project
is:
to apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies that we had learnt to
solve the problems.
our thinking skills can be improved.
promotes effective mathematical communication. Our confidence and interest
towards Mathematics will be increasethough solving various types of problems.
to use the language of Mathematics to express Mathematical ideas precisely.
stimulates and enhances effective earning.
to develop our positive attitude towards Mathematics. This makes the lesson to be
more fun, useful and meaningful.

REFLECTION
While I conducting the project, I had learned some moral values that I practice.This
project had taught me to responsible on the works that are given to me to be
completed. This project also had make me felt more confidence to do works and not
to give easily when we could not find the solution for the question. I also learned to be
more discipline on time, which I was given about a month to complete these project
and pass up to my teacher just in time. I also enjoy doing this project during my
school holiday as I spend my time with friends to complete this
project and it had tighten our friendship.

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FURTHER EXPLORATION

NAME : SHUVARNAH A/P MOHAN

CLASS : 5C
I/C

: 980616-10-5668

TEACHER : CIK NORHAYATI BT MD NOR

CONTENT
1

OBJECTIVE

INTRODUCTION

PART 1

PART 2

PART 3

FURTHER EXPLORATION

12

REFLECTION

22