Nurrierical Aiialysis of Circular Pcttch Microstrip

Antenna with a Dielectric Element

Yoshitmgi YAMAGUCHY Shigeru EGASHIRA,Akihide SAKIlANI ai111Eisiikc NISHIYAMA
Dcpartnient of Electi-onics. Facu1t.y of Science and Engiiicwiiig, Saga Lyiiiversitp
Horijo-machi,Saga-shi 840 Japaii

Introduction
blicrostrip antenna usually necds a rover to prot,ect, the antcwiia &meiit,. It lias to l w dcsigiiecl
as it has higher gain.
Araki et al. have shown the numerical analysis of microst,rip ai,tenna lxtsed ou H;mkcl txansforiii
domini ;tnalysis [1][2] and Tsugawa et al. have prcsented the uiiiri~~ric
ill analysis of dielrc.tric~loiidcvl
antelira by assuming linear current as radiating element[3].
111 t,his paper, we present a numerical analysis of gain characteristics arid radiation paticrris of
the circular patch microstrip antenna with dielectric element iisirig the approacli siuiilar to tliat, iu
[1],[2]. Several numeriral results of gain characteristics ant1 radiictiou patt,rrns arc tvniipnrcd wit,li
experimerit~aldata.
c4feci i \ d y

Theoretical analysis
Thr geonietry of antenna and the coordinate system employed in t.his paper axe shown in Fig.1.
Fig.2 shows the transmission line equivalent to the antenna in Fig.1. The anteniia iii Fig.1 can br
analyzed using t,ransmission line theory. The relation between eiectromagnetic. firltis and current
distributions on the conductor is expressed as follows,

L?; aiitl L?; are electric fields on the surface of conductor and on thi. surface of thr dielectric element,
respectively. indicates Hankel transformed quantity. Subscripts ( and h am referred to as TM-wave
and TE-wave with respect to z-axis, respectively. The Greens fiinctioris expressed in the spectral
domain for this structure are

z : Ilzr,
= +-Y;r , z;=m
y:2

0-7803-1246-5/93/$3.00 (0 1993 IEEE.

1458

alld

L'

is

ail uuknown complex resonant, angular frequenc.y. and a is a radial wavi.tlrlml)t~rvariable.

liuknown c:wrenf. distributions , J ( * ) ( r ) on
, the conductor shoult! be explained in t.ertns of know11

twis fwxtions, J m ( a )and J$"(a).

where ~1 is radius of conductor. TCIobtain a fast convergence. takrug edge condition at r = a into
accourit. we choose following functions as the basis function.

Hankel transformation of equation (2) can be shown to be

Wt.will substitute (3) into (1) and

1 r;tnsfor.med basis

take inner product of the resulting equations with all Hankel

function, then,

The boundary condition at

i=

0 are

J(F) = 0

(r

> a)

E ( r ) = O ( r iU )

Because of t,he boundary condition, the right hand side of (4) xanishes. In order to avoid the
divergence of integral in (4), the following combinations are chosen [4].

(5)

1- {

j;&+)(a)

+ &,"E,&)}

(5) aud (6) may be rewritten in a matrix form.

1459

ada = 0

( 7 I can liiivc rroiit,rivial soliitions. Where L. is c.ouiplex resonant. fic~jnoiicy. O i i w

ih solvrtl. tli(8
n ~ i oof t,xpansiou coefficients for the eigeuuiodrs is determined thrtni& ( i ) .
The, far-zorw pattern ( x i be eqxessed approximately by using atatiorrdry poilit uirtliod.

E
. ; and E t d s c Hankel transforms of the tangential components of tlic
thr dirlertric element

&c

tric fic~ldon the 5urface of

Numerical results
Relative power versus distance between radiator and dielectric eleirieiit is shown in Fig.3. Relative
power varies periodicaly and approximately agree with the experimental rcwilts. Moreover, the results
agree with that, of [31. It seeins that this phenomenon is caused by refiettion of clectromagnetic waves
between antenna substrate and dielectric element.
Fig.(4) shows radiation patterns of this antenna. The numerical results quitc agree with experimrntal results.
Conclusion

We have presented the numerical analysis of circular patch mici ostrip nutc,tin;r with a dic.Icc.tric
element. Numerical results have been found to be in a good agreement with experimental data. It,
was confirmed that Hankel domain analysis was an effective analyzirig method for the circular patch
microstrip antenna with a dielectric element.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank Prof. Kiyomich Aralu of University of Saitama and Mr. Hideatsu
Ut,da of Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co.,Ltd. for their help, and MI. Shinich Iiawashima of NEC
Corporation Ltd. for helpful discussions.
References

[l] K.Araki,T.Itoh, Hankel domain analysis of open circular microstrip radiating st,ruct,ures,WEE
Dam. Antennas Propagat.,vol.AP-29,pp.84-89,Jan.1981
(21 K.Aralu,H.Ueda and T.Masayuki, Numerical analysis of circular disk microstrip antennas with
parasitic elements ,IEEE 7fkans.AntenoasPropagat.,vol. AP-34 ,pp. 1390-1394.Dec.1986

(31 Y.Sugio,T.Makimoto and T.Tsugawa, Two-dimensional analysis for gain enhancement of dielectric loaded antenna with a ground plane,7fkans. IEICE .Japan,vol.J73-B-II,no.8,pp.405412,Augast 1990

[4]K.Araki,D.I.Kim and Y.Naito, A study on circular disk resonatam on a ferrite substrate,ZEEE

Tkans. Microwave Theory Tech.,vol.MTT-30,pp.147-154,Feb.198~!
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J. ..

-7-

dl

TM-wave

Fig.1 Microstrip antenna

with a dielectric element

TE-wave

Fig.2 Equivarent transmission line

---r

2301
.d

0.0

20.0

40.0

h [mm~
Fig.3 Relative power versus h
measured o calculated dZ=4.OCmml

f=7 5CGHzl

2=P

15

-10
--

-30

I
-90

calculated

-20

. measured

- -

- --

calculated
measured

-30
-AJ

90

-90

90

Cdegl

0
Cdegl

E-plane radiation pattern

H-plane radiation pattern

Fig.4 Radiation pattern

f=7.5CGHzl d ~ = 4 . 0 [ m m l
h=ZO.OCmml 2=2.15
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