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Main reference:
Fogler, H.S., 2006, Elements of Chemical
Reaction Engineering, 4th Ed., Pearson
Education, Inc., Prentice Hall Professional
Technical Reference, New Jersey.
Community:
elisa.ugm.ac.id
Teknik Reaksi Kimia 1_TK_Budhijanto
1.MOLE BALANCES
Objectives:
After completing Chapter 1, you will be able to:
Define the rate of chemical reaction.
Apply the mole balance equations to a batch
reactor, CSTR, and PFR.
Describe photos of real reactors.
Chemical kinetics:
the study of chemical reaction rates and reaction
mechanisms.
Reactor:
an equipment in which reactions occur
Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE):
1
+ 4,5O2
O + 2CO2 + 2H2O
O
Side reactions:
+ 7,5O2
6CO2 + 3H2O
O
O + 3O2
4CO2 + 3H2O
H2 + H2C
CH3
CH2
2. Combination
N2 + O2
2NO
3. Isomerization
CH3
H3C
CH2
H2C
CH3
3
Reaction Rate:
the rate at which a species looses its chemical
identity per unit volume.
It can be expressed as the rate of disappearance
of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a
product. Consider species A:
AB
rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit
volume
rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A
per unit volume
rB = the rate of formation of species B per unit
volume
If B is being created at a rate of 0.2 moles per
decimeter cubed per second, ie, the rate of
formation of B is,
rB = 0.2 mole/(dm3s)
Then A is disappearing at the same rate:
rA = 0.2 mole/(dm3s)
The
rate
of
formation
rA = 0.2 mole/(dm3s)
of
is
dCA
dt
then
r A =0
dCA
dt
dCA
dt
F j 0F j +G j =F j 0F j + r j dV =
dNj
dt
Where
Nj represents the number of moles of species j in
the system at time t.
V is the reaction volume.
Batch Reactors
F j 0=F j=0
V
dN
r j dV = dt j
Or
Nj
t=
N j0
dNj
r jV
d ( ln V )
1 d N j 1 d ( C j V ) d C j C j dV d C j
=
=
+
=
+C j
V dt
V
dt
dt V dt
dt
dt
10
F j 0F j +r j V =
dNj
dt
At steady state:
11
dNj
=0
dt
We get:
F j 0F j +r j V =0
Or
V=
F j 0F j
r j
Because:
F j=C j v
Where
v = the volumetric flow rate (volume/time)
V=
C j 0 v 0C j v
r j
Tubular Reactor
12
Fj0
Fj,exit
V
FjV)V FjV+V
F j V rj V F j V V 0
Fj V V F j V
limit V0:
Or
rj
dF j
rj
dV
V
F
F jj0
dFj
rj
Summary:
General Mole Balance Equation:
dN j
V
F j 0 rj dV F j
dt
Reactor
Mole Balance
Remark
13
dN j
rjV
dt
Fj0 Fj
CSTR
V
rj
dFj
PFR
rj
dV
Akhir Kuliah 1
Batch
Perfectly mixed
Perfectly mixed;
Steady State
Steady State
H3C
CH3
CH3
H
Problem 1.3.:
14
V = 200 L
P = 20 atm
T = 227C
a. Assuming that the ideal gas law is valid, how
many moles of A are in the reactor initially?
What is the initial concentration of A?
b.If the reaction is first order:
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