Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
COMPUTING (FASC)
KUALA LUMPUR CAMPUS
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) IN
BIOSCIENCE WITH CHEMISTRY
ID NO.
15WAR08520
15WAR09194
Chong Khai En
15WAR08702
Goh Yee En
15WAR08280
PROG/GROUP
RBS2 Group
1
Introduction
:
Biochemical reactions in living organisms are essentially energy transfers.
In biological systems, oxidation is often coincident with the loss of
hydrogen, dehydrogenation. The enzymes that catalyze these oxidations
are called dehydrogenases. Oxidation-reduction reactions (Redox
reactions) must occur together. Electrons are transferred from the
reducing agent to the oxidizing agent such that the reducing agent is
oxidized and the oxidizing agent is reduced. It is convenient however to
describe the electron transfer reaction as two half reactions, one for the
oxidation of the reduced species and one for the reduction of the oxygen
species. Such coupled reactions are referred to as redox reactions. The
metabolic processes glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle, and Electron Transport
Phosphorylation involve the transfer of electrons (at varying energy
states) by redox reactions.
Aim :
1. To determine the presence of enzymes in various plant and animal
tissues.
2. To compare the rate of enzyme activity between fresh and boiled
samples.
DEHYDROGENASE ACTION
Method
Part A
A series of 5 test-tubes labeled A to E were prepared. 5 ml of 0.05%
methylene blue solution was added in water to each. The lean meal with
equal small pieces that had prepared by lab assistant was treated as
indicated below:
Samples
Contents
Test-tube A
Test-tube B
Test-tube C
Test-tube D
Test-tube E
Control.
After that, all 5 test-tubes were corked and left undisturbed in a water
bath maintained at a constant temperature of 37 OC. The tubes were not
shaken once the contents had mixed. The contents were observed against
a white background and any changes in the 5 tubes were recorded at
intervals of 5 minutes; starting 4, 5, 10, 15 minutes until two
subsequent observations show no change in color, intensity and
distribution. The test tubes were uncorked and the contents were shaken
thoroughly. All observations and the conclusions were recorded in a
tabular form.
Part B
Contents
Test-tube F
Test-tube G
Test-tube H
All the 3 pairs of test-tubes were incubated in a water bath at 37 OC. Again,
the contents were observed against a white background and any changes
in the 5 tubes were recorded at intervals of 5 minutes; starting 4, 5, 10,
15 minutes until two subsequent observations show no change in
colour, intensity and distribution. The test tubes were uncorked and the
contents were shaken thoroughly. All observations and the conclusion we
made were recorded in tabular form.
Results
Part A
Samples
Test-tube A
Observations
Deduction
-Dehydrogenase is present.
Presence of a
transparent layer
around the meat
Test-tube B
Test-tube C
Test-tube D
-Some dehydrogenase is
still present maybe
Transparent layer at the
because meat was not
base of test tube,
boiled properly.
around the meat is
formed
-Dehydrogenase is present,
but the amount is less
than test-tube A.
-Absence of
dehydrogenase.
Greenish-blue
transparent layer at the
base of test tube,
around the meat is
formed
Test-tube E
Color of solution
remains blue.
-Absence of
dehydrogenase.
Part B
Samples
Test-tube Fa
Test-tube Fb
Observations
Deduction
-Dehydrogenase is present.
Solution is slightly
cloudy
Color of solution
remains blue.
-Dehydrogenase enzymes
are slightly present.
Test-tube Ga
Color of solution
remains blue.
- Dehydrogenase is
absent.
Color of solution
remains blue.
- Dehydrogenase is
absent.
Test-tube Gb
Test-tube Ha
Test-tube Hb
Discussion
6. What correlation can you draw about the activity and the
source of the enzyme?
Different source will contain different amount of enzyme. The enzyme
will speed up the reaction by lower the activation energy. The rate of
the reaction depends on the presence of enzyme. If there are more
enzymes, the reaction will be faster compared to the reaction with
fewer enzymes.
CATALASE ACTION
Method
Contents
Test-tube A
Test-tube B
Test-tube C
Test-tube D
Test-tube E
2 ml of yeast suspension.
Test-tube F
Test-tube G
Test-tube H
The frequency and size of escaping bubbles were observed for each test
tube. The observations and conclusions for each test tube were tabulated.
Results
Samples
Observations
Deduction
- Catalase is present.
Test-tube Aa
Effervescence could be
observed when the
meat is dropped in.
Test-tube Ab
- Catalase is present in
Effervescence occurs
slowly when boiled meat small quantity.
was dropped in
Test-tube Ba
Effervescence occurs
very rapidly when the
liver was dropped in
- Catalase is present in
large amount.
Test-tube Bb
No bubbles formed
- Catalase is absent
because the liver had
been boiled.
Test-tube Ca
- Catalase is present in
small quantity.
Test-tube Cb
- Catalase is present in
small quantity.
Test-tube Da
Test-tube Db
Test-tube Ea
- Catalase is present in
small quantity.
- Catalase is present in
small quantity.
No effervescence
occurred.
- Catalase is present in
yeast, but in this case, the
yeast is stale, thus the
result was affected.
Test-tube Eb
Test-tube F
Test-tube G
No effervescence
occurred.
- Catalase is present in
yeast, but in this case, the
yeast is stale, thus the
result was affected.
Effervescence occurs
rapidly.
- Catalase is present.
Test-tube H
Discussion
Conclusion
:
Hydrogenases are commonly present in plant and animals tissues. In this
experiment, its function is to transfer hydrogen from the substrate which
is the tissues to the hydrogen acceptor which is the methylene blue
solution. The methylene blue solution will be reduced when hydrogen is
being accepted and the color will change from blue to color. The color
change of methylene blue solution indicates that there is reaction.
Besides, the rate of enzyme activity for fresh tissues is faster than the
rate of enzyme activity for boiled tissues. This is due to the hydrogenases
in boiled tissues is denatured under high temperature while hydrogenases
in fresh tissues is sufficient for reaction to take place. Thus, the rate of
enzyme activity for boiled tissues will be slower.
References
viewed
June
2015,