Beruflich Dokumente
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Introduction
Equations and properties used in course
Real gas law, z-factor, density and FVF
Corresponding states
Viscosity of natural gas
Heat capacity and heat capacity ratio
Water vapour in natural gas
Summary
m3
3
Sm
T psc
z
B =
Tsc p
q = qsc B
Fletcher (1993)
Fletcher (1993)
Reduced p & T
p
pr (= p pr ) =
pc
T
Tr (= T pr ) =
Tc
pc = pci yi
i
Tc = Tci yi
i
Kays Rule
Corresponding States
When pressure and temperature are normalized using
critical pressure and temperature, then all properties
become the same/similar, irrespective of composition.
Normalized pressure or temperature are called reduced
pressure or temperature in one component systems.
Normalized pressure or temperature are called pseudoreduced pressure or temperature in multi-component
systems.
Commonly used when gas properties (natural gas and
other gases) are to be correlated and/or presented.
10
GPA (1998)
11
12
M gass
M luft
13
Campbell (1984)
14
GPA (1998)
15
1/ 2
y
M
i i i
1/ 2
y
M
i i
16
17
18
= K exp(X
www.ipt.ntnu.no/~jsg/undervisning/naturgass/BeregningerDiverse.xls
19
Campbell (1984)
20
Beggs (1984)
21
Heat Capacity
C p = + T + T 2
Cp
R
= A + BT + CT 2
Cp
(C )
p CH
4
22
23
GPA (1998)
24
25
Summary
Several physical and thermodynamic properties of
natural gas are used in course.
Real gas law and reduced pressure and temperature
used in diagrams.
Empirical correlations used for transport properties, for
example for viscosity.
Heat capacity can be obtained from figures.
Equation Of State (EOS) used in computer programs for
pVT properties (also thermodynamic properties).
Hysys available at NTNU (see info. on home page).
26
References
Beggs, H.D. (1984): Gas Production Operations, OGCI Publications, Tulsa, Oklahoma
Campbell, J.S. (1994): Gas Conditioning and Processing, Campbell Petroleum Series, Norman,
Oklahoma.
Fletcher, P. (1993): Chemical Thermodynamics, Longman, Harlow, Essex.
Gas Processors Association (1998): Engineering Data Book, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Jeje. O. & Mattar, L. (2004): Comparison of Correlations for Viscosity of Sour Natural Gas, 5th
Canadian International Petroleum Conference, Calgary, Alberta, June 8-10, Paper 2004-214.
Rojey, A. (1997): Natural Gas, ditions Technip, Paris.
Smith, J.M., Van Ness, H.C. & Abbott, M.M. (1996): Introduction to Chemical Engineeering
Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill, New York.