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R410A
The
Natural
Choice
Contents
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R410A in detail
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Summary
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The
facts
on R410A refrigerant
With more manufacturers introducing systems that use
R410A refrigerant, weve produced this booklet to explain
the hype that currently surrounds R410A and to present you
with the facts.
Handled correctly, many installers have already realised that R410A refrigerant
has some excellent benefits to offer. However, its being portrayed within
the industry as potentially dangerous to use or, its being labelled as the only
efficient refrigerant thats available - which simply isnt true.
Whilst R410A can provide some small advantages in efficiency, it is
technology itself that is the largest contributor towards the steady increase
in ever important COPs. A good comparison can be made with cars and
fuel for example: The fact that a car can provide more miles per gallon
today than say, fives years ago, is due to technological advances in the car
rather than the fuel.
The same is true of direct expansion systems, with the need to focus on
efficiency as a whole, not simply the type of refrigerant. How the refrigerant
is used is of paramount importance and good system installation is crucial.
The skills required today, are no different to those that
have always been required and although the
equipment and subsequent numbers may
differ, the need for good practice remains
the same.
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R410A refrigerant
has some excellent
benefits to offer
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A br ief
histor y
Since 1985 its been well documented that
the ozone layer surrounding the earth
has been diminishing. Scientific evidence
suggests man-made chemicals are
responsible for creating the hole in the
ozone layer and that theyre likely to add
to global ozone depletion.
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) have been
used in many products which take advantages of
their physical proper ties. For example, Chloro
Fluoro Carbons (CFCs), have commonly been
used as aerosol propellants and refrigerants.
However, since highlighting that the chlorine in
CFCs attributes to the demise of the ozone layer,
the Montreal protocol on substances that deplete
the ozone layer was negotiated and signed by
24 countries and the European Union in 1987.
The protocol calls for all parties to scale down the
use of CFCs, halons and other man-made ODS.
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R410A
in detail
R32 50%
R125 50%
Pressure
[bar]
Sub-Cooling
- Compression
- Condenser
- Expansion
- Evaporation
Po
Superheat
Refrigerant
R410A
6725
R407C
4688
R22
4358
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Enthalpy
[kJ/kg]
R22
R410A
Suction
60psi
90 to 105 psi
Discharge
260psi
W hen installing equipment using R410A refrigerant, there are a number of standards
that must be met:
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Ensure correct
system evacuation
To ensure problem-free operation of any air-conditioning system, it is
crucial to carry out thorough evacuation of the system. During the
evacuation any moisture is removed from all of the system components
and the pipework.
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Oxygen (air) reacts with the refrigeration unit oil and can lead
to faults such as compressor failure.
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Leak Testing
in 3 easy steps
S tep 1 45 PSI (N 2) - Test for a minimum of 3 minutes
S tep 2 220 PSI (N 2) - Test for a minimum of 3 minutes
S tep 3 450 PSI (N2) - Test for a minimum of 24 hours (if using R410A)
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Tr iple evacuation
in 6 easy steps
S tep 1 Evacuate the system to 1000 microns from both service valves.
To measure the vacuum a vacuum gauge must be used at
all times - do not use a system manifold gauge
S tep 2 Break the vacuum with O FN to 14 PSIG
S tep 3 Evacuate to 500 microns
S tep 4 Repeat Step 2
S tep 5 Evacuate to the lowest pressure that the pump will achieve
(200 microns for a minimum of 1 hour)
S tep 6 The rise test must then be carried out for a minimum of 30 minutes
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When using
copper
pipework
>
Use only copper pipes with the correct wall thickness please refer to your usual copper pipe supplier for detail
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Make sure you cut the copper pipe with a proper pipe cutter only
Remove any burrs with the utmost care
Make sure that no swarf or other impurities get into the piping
When brazing make sure that Nitrogen (OFN) is used at all times
Brazed joints must be bare and clean
brazing
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Vacuum Gauge
A vacuum gauge to be used to provide an
accurate evactuation level is required
Vacuum Pump
A Vacuum pump of sufficient quality and
working order to be used to pull the
correct vacuum to negate any moisture
being present in the system (pump oil
needs to be regularly changed).
T he pressure gauge
* The
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FlaringTool
A suitable Flaring tool to be used so as
not to compromise the integrity of the
copper when flared.
Torque W rench
Torque wrenches must be used at all
times to tighten flares in accordance with
manufacturers guidelines.
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Summar y >>
To get the best from R410A
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Higher pressures
More efficient
Smaller pipe diameters
Lower refrigerant charge
Small system size per kW
Higher heat transfer coefficient
Very small temperature glide <0.17k
HFC zeotropic mixture of HFC-32 and HFC-125
High pressure - narrow glide
Hydrofluorocarbon blend with zero O DP
Lower indirect global warming potential (CO 2 production at power station)
than R22 and R407c
If you follow the guidelines contained within and carry out good refrigeration
practices at all times, then working with R410A will be no different from working with
previous refrigerants.
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