Excelet

Dilution
The art of adding solvent to lower solute concentration.

step 1:
0 to fill to mark
add solvent
with solvent added

moles solute initial

step 2:
needed parameters 0
for calculation

Click on tabs to navigate!!!

e concentration.

Sinex 2009

Dilution Calculation
Suppose you have 20 mL of 0.10 M NaCl and dilute it to 100mL, what is the final concentration?

molesi

0
add the three known values
and start guessing
to get the fourth value
and balance the moles!!!

Ci

molesf

This MUST balance!!!

Vi

Cf

Vf

correct answer - assuming Cf as unknown and doing a little algebra!

answer

Think about this! How do the following parameters compare?

Ci to Cf
Vi to Vf

answer
answer

See the microscopic view tab for a microscopic picture of dilution.

click here

Sinex 2009

Mixing Solutions
Let's mix equal volumes of two different solutions.

Solution 1

Solution 2

mole initial blue

mole initial yellow

Mix them0!

When mixed are the initial moles

of each going to change?

Sinex 2009

Try these problems!!!

Use the dilution equation to solve these.

How much 6.0 M HCl is required to make 250 mL of 0.50 M HCl?

Strategy

answer

If 10.0 mL of 0.50 M CoCl2 is diluted to 100 mL, what is its new concentration?

hint

If 5.0 mL of 0.50M NaCl is mixed with 5.0 mL of 0.30 M AgNO 3, what is the resulting concentrations of each?

answer

If 5.0 mL of 0.50M NaCl is mixed with 15.0 mL of 0.25 M AgNO 3, what is the resulting concentrations of each?

answer

If 5.0 mL of 0.50M NaCl is mixed with 15.0 mL of water, what is concentration of NaCl?

hint

Sinex 2009

Dilution at the Microscopic Level

What happens to the blue solute particles on dilution?

Sinex 2009

Diluting a Buffer
Since the two components of a buffer are in the same solution, both are diluted the same.
Ka =

Buffered
Solutions
original #1
dilute
dilute
dilute

(H )
1.80E-05
1.80E-05
1.80E-05
1.80E-05

(A )
1.0000
0.1000
0.0100
0.0010

(HA)
1.0000
0.1000
0.0100
0.0010

(HA)/(A )
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

pH
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.74

original #2
dilute
dilute
dilute

2.57E-05
2.57E-05
2.57E-05
2.57E-05

0.7000
0.3500
0.0700
0.0350

1.0000
0.5000
0.1000
0.0500

1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43

4.59
4.59
4.59
4.59

1.80E-05

Does dilution of the buffer influence the pH?

original #3
dilute
dilute
dilute

1.26E-05
1.26E-05
1.26E-05
1.26E-05

1.0000
0.1000
0.0500
0.0050

0.7000
0.0700
0.0350
0.0035

0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70

4.90
4.90
4.90
4.90

How does the salt/acid behave?

These two columns can be

modified for other concentrations.

Sinex 2009

More Dilution Information

Here are some parameters that are used in some dilution discussions.

Ci

molesi

molesf

Vi

Cf

The dilution factor:

Volume of water added:

DF =

Vi/Vf

Vwater =

Vf - V i

This assumes that the volumes

are additive.
Serial dilution:
What is this?

Cf = Ci x DFn = Ci x (Vi/Vf)n
where n is the number of times
the dilution is done.
Note: same dilution factor for
each step!!!!!

This MUST balance!!!

Vf

es that the volumes

Ci x (Vi/Vf)n

the number of times

dilution factor for

Sinex 2009