Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
6 (2015) 1, 6369
DOI: 10.1556/1848.2015.6.1.9
1. Introduction
Urban Heat Island is a well-documented meso- scale
atmospheric phenomenon according to Orlanskis
classification (Orlanski, 1975; Oke, 1973). UHI examinations are not homogeneous in time and space; results are not comparable due to different methods and
techniques in many cases. Most studies cover short
periods of time and deal with detecting the phenomenon itself or trace its relationships to other parameters (meteorological elements, static factors). London
is among the few exceptions, where connections between urban climate and urbanization processes were
analyzed on a long time series (Eliasson, 1996; Unger et al., 2000; Loughner et al., 2012). There are not
any long UHI measurement datasets available for the
Carpathian basin, thus the effects of urbanization on
increase of UHI intensities cannot be traced by empiric examinations, so most studies focus on monitoring, statistic and/or numeric modeling of the phenomenon in our region. (Bottyn and Unger, 2003; Bottyn
et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2011; Ginnaros et al., 2013).
The thermal difference between the settlement
center and its unbuilt environment is called UHI inten-
* Paper presented at the DENZERO International Conference, 910 October 2014, Debrecen, Hungary
2015 Akadmiai Kiad, Budapest
ISSN 2062-0810/$20.00
S. SZEGEDI et al.
( x x
i
ti
(1)
i =1
( xl x1 )
l =1
(x
x2 ) ,
2
(2)
m = k +1
(3)
Fig. 1. Frequencies of occurrence of condition categories of UHI development in the region of Debrecen in the period between
1961 and 2010
Moderately disadvantageous conditions (Category 3) 20.88%, when there are two obstructive
factors, which makes possible the development
of weak heat islands only, or UHI cannot form.
Disadvantageous conditions (Category 4) 3.32%,
when there are three obstructive factors, which
prevent the development of the thermal excess
in the settlements.
Fig. 2. Anomalies of the frequencies of advantageous conditions given in % for the period between 1961 and 2010
Int. Rev. Appl. Sci. Eng. 6, 2015
65
S. SZEGEDI et al.
Table 1. Trend and change-point values of frequencies of advantageous conditions in the period between
1961 and 2010 for the years, seasons and months
Period
Trend analysis
Increasing/
decreasing (%)
Annual
0.35**
1981/82
Autumn
0.25
Spring
0.39**
1989/90
Summer
0.36**
1980/81
Winter
0.12
1970, 1981/82
January
0.00
February
0.28*
1971/72
14
March
0.14
1971
April
0.33**
1990
11
May
0.23
1991
June
0.32**
1989
10
July
0.22
1982
10
August
0.13
1991
September
0.21
1994
11
October
0.25
1970/71, 1997
November
0.33**
1981/82
11
December
0.13
Significance level: *p < 0.5, **p < 0.1, +: increasing trend, o: stagnating trend, : decreasing trend
66
Fig. 3. Trend and change-point analysis of frequencies of occurrence of conditions advantageous for UHI development in the
period between 1961 and 2010
Int. Rev. Appl. Sci. Eng. 6, 2015
67
S. SZEGEDI et al.
4. Conclusions
Advantageous and moderately advantageous conditions for UHI development were found in more
than 75%, while unfavorable conditions were
found in less than 25% of all cases.
Linear trend analysis has revealed a significant increasing trend in the time series of advantageous
conditions, especially in spring and summer.
A significant change-point was found by Student
t-test at the turning of 1981/82 in the annual time
series of advantageous conditions.
Detected tendencies have a negative effect: they
contribute to the increase of air conditioning energy demand in the summer and do not decrease
the energy demand of heating in the winter significantly.
Acknowledgements
The work/publication is supported by the TMOP4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0041 project.
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