1936

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 51, NO. 8, AUGUST 2003

A Compact Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Patch Antenna

for 900/1800-MHz Cellular Systems
Tzung-Wern Chiou and Kin-Lu Wong, Senior Member, IEEE

AbstractA novel compact design for achieving dual-band

dual-polarized radiation suitable for applications in the
900/1800-MHz cellular systems is presented. The proposed
antenna consists of a rectangular ring patch (for the 900-MHz
operation) and a notched rectangular patch (for the 1800-MHz
operation), which are printed on the same layer, and each patch is
aperture-coupled by two H-shaped coupling slots to generate two
orthogonal linearly polarized waves. By further incorporating a
properly designed feed network, the proposed antenna shows good
port decoupling of less than 39 dB and 34 dB for dual linear
polarizations in the 900- and 1800-MHz bands, respectively. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented.
Index TermsAntennas, dual-band antennas, dual-polarized
antennas, patch antennas.

I. INTRODUCTION

ATCH antennas capable of dual-polarized operations are

very suitable for applications in modern mobile communication systems to combat the multipath fading problem, which
usually causes larger degradation in the system performance
[1]. For such applications, a variety of dual-polarized patch antennas have also been reported recently [2][10] in which good
dual-polarized radiation over a wide bandwidth of about 10% or
less
larger and high isolation between the two feeding ports (
than 30 dB) across the entire bandwidth have been achieved.
These antennas, however, are mainly designed for single-band
operation. Very few designs are reported for dual-band dualpolarized operations for mobile communication systems [11].
For the reported design in [11], the dual-band dual-polarized
patch antenna shows a 10-dB return-loss bandwidth covering
both the 900-MHz (890960 MHz, GSM cellular system) and
1800-MHz (17101880 MHz, DCS cellular system) frequency
less than 32 dB in both bands
bands. Measured isolation
has also been obtained. However, this antenna uses a structure
of three stacked patches, and has a total height of about
at 900 MHz.
In this paper, we propose a new compact dual-band dual-polarized patch antenna suitable for the 900- and 1800-MHz band
operations. The proposed antenna has two coplanar radiating
patches, one rectangular-ring patch for the 900-MHz operation
and one notched rectangular patch placed within the rectangular-ring patch for the 1800-MHz operation, and the total anManuscript received December 12, 2000; revised March 21, 2001.
T.-W. Chiou was with the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun
Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, R.O.C. He is now with Phycomp
Taiwan Limited, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan, R.O.C.
K.-L. Wong are with the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun
Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2003.814728

tenna height is only about

at 900 MHz. To feed the antenna, the aperture-coupled feed method is used. Four H-shaped
coupling slots are cut in the antennas ground plane to couple
the electromagnetic energy from the feed network to the two radiating patches. To obtain good port decoupling in both of the
900- and 1800-MHz bands, these H-shaped coupling slots are
carefully oriented. The feed network is also designed such that
the 1800-MHz signal into the radiating patch for the 900-MHz
band operation (the rectangular-ring patch) is blocked, so is the
case for the 900-MHz signal into the radiating patch for the
1800-MHz band operation (the notched rectangular patch). In
this condition, the possible excitation of unwanted modes can
be suppressed, and easy impedance matching in both of the 900and 1800-MHz bands can also be obtained. Details of the proposed antenna are described, and experimental results of the
dual-band dual-polarized operation are presented.
II. ANTENNA CONFIGURATION AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
There are four major parts in the design of the proposed antenna shown in Fig. 1. The first two parts are the dimensions
determination of the rectangular-ring patch and notched rectangular patch for the 900- and 1800-MHz operations, respectively.
As shown in Fig. 1(b), the two patches are printed on the same
dielectric substrate (patch substrate), and the notched rectangular patch is placed within the rectangular-ring patch to obtain
a compact structure. The third part is the arrangement of the coupling slots in the antennas ground plane [see Fig. 1(c)], and the
fourth one is the feed network design [Fig. 1(d)]. The coupling
slots and the feed network are printed on two sides of a dielectric
substrate (feed substrate). In this study, both the patch and feed
substrates used were inexpensive FR4 substrates of thickness
4.4. The two substrates
0.8 mm and relative permittivity
are also separated by an air layer of thickness [see Fig. 1(a);
the supporting posts not shown in the figure]. The IE3D simulation software was helpful in obtaining proper parameters of the
proposed antenna. The design considerations for the four major
parts are described in detail in the following subsection.
A. Rectangular-Ring Patch Design for the 900-MHz
Band Operation
The rectangular-ring patch is designed for achieving the
900-MHz band operation, and is aperture-coupled by using
two H-shaped coupling slots [slot 1X and slot 2Y in Fig. 1(c)]
for obtaining dual linear polarizations. The two H-shaped slots
have a center arm of width 0.5 mm and two side arms of width
1 mm. As for the lengths of the slots center arm and side arm,
owing to the width limitation of the rectangular-ring patch, slot

0018-926X/03$17.00 2003 IEEE

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CHIOU AND WONG: COMPACT DUAL-BAND DUAL-POLARIZED PATCH ANTENNA

(a)

1937

1X is designed to be narrow (i.e., a relatively shorter center arm

and a relatively longer side arm) and slot 2Y is with a wide
H shape, having a relatively longer center arm and a relatively
shorter side arm. Also, since the coupling-slot size can affect
the resonant frequency of the antenna, the dimensions of the
rectangular-ring patch in parallel to the and axes are chosen
to be different to achieve the same operating frequencies around
900 MHz. The designed patch dimensions are given in Fig. 1(b).
B. Notched Rectangular Patch Design for the 1800-MHz
Band Operation

(b)

A notched rectangular patch is designed for the 1800-MHz

band operation, and the designed patch dimensions are also
given in Fig. 1(b). By inserting a pair of slits (length and width
1 mm) along the direction [see Fig. 1(b)], the side length
of the notched rectangular patch along the direction can be
reduced, which is helpful in obtaining a larger gap between
the notched rectangular patch and the rectangular-ring patch to
reduce the possible coupling between the two radiating patches.
In this study, it is found that a gap of 5 mm is required between
the two radiating patches. In this case, very small effects on the
measured return loss and port isolation of the proposed antenna
are observed. Also, note that since the coupling slots (slot 2X
and slot 1Y) are arranged along the direction, no slits are
introduced in the notched rectangular patch in the direction
to avoid the decreasing in the electromagnetic energy coupling
from the feed line to the patch. For this reason, the required
side length of the notched rectangular patch in the direction
is larger than that in the direction. This also leads to a larger
side length of the rectangular-ring patch in the direction than
in the direction.
C. Coupling Slots Arrangement in the Ground Plane

(c)

All the H-shaped coupling slots (slots 1X, 1Y, 2X, and 2Y)
have the same slot widths (0.5 and 1 mm for the slots center arm
and side arm, respectively), and the lengths of the slots center
arms and side arms are given in Fig. 1(c). In order to obtain
high port decoupling, slots 1X and 2Y for the 900-MHz band
operation are arranged such that the center arm of slot 1X is in
the direction of the microstrip feed line of slot 2Y. For slots 1Y
and 2X for the 1800-MHz band operation, the same arrangement
is applied. In this case, high isolation between ports 1 and 2 is
obtained for the proposed antenna.
D. Feed Network Design

(d)
Fig. 1. Geometry of the proposed dual-band dual-polarized patch antenna;
dimensions given in the figure are in millimeters. (a) Side view of the antenna.
(b) Patches in layer 1. (c) Coupling slots in layer 2. (d) Microstrip-line feed
network.

In addition to the coupling-slot arrangement described in part

C of this section, the feed network is also designed such that
the 1800-MHz (900-MHz) signal into the rectangular-ring patch
(notched rectangular patch) is blocked. In this condition, the
possible excitation of unwanted modes is suppressed, and easy
impedance matching of the proposed antenna in the 900- and
1800-MHz bands is also obtained. To achieve this goal, the microstrip-line feed network shown in Fig. 1(d) is designed. The
arrangement of the feed networks for ports 1 and 2 is the same.
The characteristic impedance of all the microstrip-line sections
and sections, is chosen to be
in the feed network, except
. The parameters of the microstrip-line sections in

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1938

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 51, NO. 8, AUGUST 2003

TABLE I
LENGTH AND WIDTHS OF THE MICROSTRIP-LINE SECTIONS IN THE FEED NETWORK.  (= 182:4 mm) IS THE GUIDED WAVELENGTH IN THE FEED SUBSTRATE AT
( IS THE FREE-SPACE WAVELENGTH AND "
IS THE EFFECTIVE RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY)
900 MHz, DETERMINED FROM  = "

(a)
Fig. 3. Measured isolation against frequency.

(b)
Fig. 2. Measured return loss against frequency; `
=
13 mm
plane size = 150
150 mm . Other design dimensions are
shown in Fig. 1 and Table I. (a) Port-1 excitation. (b) Port-2 excitation.

ground

the feed network are given in Table I. The section has a length
and is placed at a distance of
away from point
of
a ( denotes the guided wavelength in the feed substrate at 900
MHz). In this case, the impedance at point b seen into the antenna at 900 MHz is zero (short-circuit condition), and thus is
infinite (open-circuit condition) at point a. This indicates that the
900-MHz signal into the notched rectangular patch is blocked.
Also note that the bandwidth of the single-stub band-stop filter
using the above-described microstrip-line section is about 25%,

which is larger than the operating bandwidth studied here. On

and
sections all have a half wavethe other hand, since
length at 1800 MHz, no impedance mismatch for the 1800-MHz
signal is expected; and thus good excitation of the notched rectangular patch in the 1800-MHz band is still obtained.
For the case of the 900-MHz excitation, the blocking of the
1800-MHz signal into the rectangular-ring patch is achieved by
with a length of
the adding of the microstrip-line section
( is again the guided wavelength in the feed subsection will also affect
strate at 900 MHz). However, the
the 900-MHz signal into the rectangular-ring patch. To solve
is added at a disthis problem, the microstrip-line section
away from point c. In this case, the 1800-MHz
tance
signal into the rectangular-ring patch is still blocked, and the
impedance at point c seen into the antenna at 900 MHz can be
derived to be

(1)

is the impedance at point c seen into the antenna,

where
and
are the characteristic impedance of
and
and
sections, respectively;
. From (1), it can be found
and
to be 100 and 125 , respectively,
that by choosing
has a real value of 62.5 . To achieve an
the impedance

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CHIOU AND WONG: COMPACT DUAL-BAND DUAL-POLARIZED PATCH ANTENNA

1939

(a)

(b)
Fig. 4. Measured radiation patterns in two principal planes. (a) Port 1 at 900 MHz. (b) Port 1 at 1800 MHz.

(a)

(b)
Fig. 5. Measured radiation patterns in two principal planes. (a) Port 2 at 900 MHz. (b) Port 2 at 1800 MHz.

impedance very close to 50

for
, increasing values of
and
need to be selected, which quickly decreases
the widths of the microstrip-line sections. Since decreasing
microstrip-line widths requires more care in the fabrication
and
in this study are chosen to
of the feed network,
be 100 and 125 , respectively. In this case, the impedance
mismatch for the 900-MHz signal is slight, and good measured
return loss for the proposed antenna operated in the 900-MHz
,
,
,
band is obtained. Also, as shown in Fig. 1(d),
are tuning-stub lengths for slots 1X, 2X, 1Y, and 2Y,
and
,
,
, and
are selected
respectively. In this design,
to be 7.0, 3.5, 5.5, and 6.5 mm, respectively. It should also be
noted that the feed network design described here is not the
unique solution for the proposed antenna. However, the present
feed network provides good results for the proposed antenna.

III. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A prototype of the proposed antenna was constructed and
studied. Fig. 2 shows the measured return loss for port-1 and
port-2 excitation. The total height of the radiating patch to the
antennas ground plane is 13.6 mm, corresponding to about 0.04
free-space wavelength at 900 MHz. The simulated results from
the IE3D simulation software are also shown for comparison.
Good agreement is observed, and the IE3D simulation software
is helpful in the design of the proposed antenna. The obtained
10-dB impedance bandwidths for the 900- and 1800-MHz bands
are about 10% and cover the 900-MHz (890960 MHz, GSM
cellular system) and 1800-MHz (17101880 MHz, DCS cellular
system) frequency bands. The measured and simulated isolation
between ports 1 and 2 is also presented in Fig. 3. From the mea-

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1940

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 51, NO. 8, AUGUST 2003

sured results, the isolation

across the 900- and 1800-MHz
bands is less than 39 and 34 dB, respectively. Very good port
decoupling is obtained for the proposed antenna.
Radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna were also
studied. Measured radiation patterns in two principal planes at
900 and 1800 MHz for port-1 and port-2 excitation are plotted
in Figs. 4 and 5, respectively. Good broadside radiation patterns
are obtained, and the obtained antenna gain is about 6.5 to 7.3
dBi. The estimated antenna efficiency is about 60%. For both
the 900- and 1800-MHz band operations, the dual linearly polarized waves excited by ports 1 and 2 are also seen to be with
orthogonal polarizations.
IV. CONCLUSION
A dual-band dual-polarized patch antenna operated in the
900- and 1800-MHz frequency bands with a compact structure
has been proposed and experimentally studied. The proposed
antenna has impedance bandwidths of about 10% in the 900and 1800-MHz bands, and shows high isolation between the
two feeding ports (less than 39 and 34 dB for the 900- and
1800-MHz bands, respectively). If the design can be improved
to have a higher return loss (14 dB or 1.5:1 VSWR), the proposed antenna would be very suitable for applications in the
900/1800-MHz cellular systems for dual-polarized operations.
Also, it is possible for the proposed antenna to have 2 2 ports
instead of 2 ports studied here, if preferred.
REFERENCES
[1] U. Wahlberg, S. Widell, and C. Beckman, The performance of polarization diversity antennas at 1800 MHz, in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propagation Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., 1997, pp. 13681371.
[2] S. Hienonen, A. Lehto, and A. V. Raisanen, Simple broadband dualpolarized aperture-coupled microstrip antenna, in Proc. IEEE Antennas
Propagation Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., 1999, pp. 12281231.
[3] T. W. Chiou, H. C. Tung, and K. L. Wong, A dual-polarization wideband circular patch antenna with hybrid feeds, Microw. Opt. Technol.
Lett., vol. 26, pp. 3739, 2000.
[4] J.-F. Zuercher and P.Ph. Gay-Balmaz, Dual polarized, single- and
double-layer strip-slot-foam inverted patch (SSFIP) antennas, Microw.
Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 7, pp. 406410, 1994.
[5] P. Brachat and J. M. Baracco, Printed radiating element with two highly
decoupled input ports, Electron. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 245246, 1995.
[6] F. Rostan and W. Wiesbeck, Design considerations for dual polarized
aperture-coupled microstrip patch antennas, in Proc. IEEE Antennas
Propagation Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., 1995, pp. 20862089.
[7] J. A. Sanford and A. Tengs, A two substrate dual polarized aperture
coupled patch, in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propagation Soc. Int. Symp.
Dig., 1996, pp. 15441547.
[8] M. Yamazaki, E. T. Rahardjo, and M. Haneishi, Construction of a slotcoupled planar antenna for dual polarization, Electron. Lett., vol. 30,
pp. 18141815, 1994.
[9] B. Lindmark, A novel dual polarized aperture coupled patch element
with a single layer feed network and high isolation, in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propagation Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., 1997, pp. 21902193.

[10] I. Nystrom and D. Karlsson, Reduction of back radiation and crosscoupling in dual polarized aperture coupled patch antennas, in Proc.
IEEE Antennas Propagation Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., 1997, pp. 22222225.
[11] B. Lindmark, A dual polarized dual band microstrip antenna for
wireless communications, in Proc. IEEE Aerospace Conf., 1998, pp.
333338.

Tzung-Wern Chiou was born in Taipei, Taiwan,

R.O.C., in 1971. He received the B.S. degree from
National Taipei Institute of Technology, Taipei,
Taiwan, R.O.C., in 1993 and the Ph.D. degree in
from National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung,
Taiwan, R.O.C., in 2002, both in electrical engineering.
Currently, he is with Phycomp Taiwan Limited,
Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Kaohsiung. His current research
interests are in antenna theory and design.
Dr. Chiou was one of the winners of the Student
Paper Competition at the 2000 National Symposium on Telecommunications,
Chungli, Taiwan, R.O.C. and received a Graduate Student Scholarship from
Phycomp Taiwan Limited in 2001.

Kin-Lu Wong (M91SM97) received the B.S.

degree from National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan, R.O.C., and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees
from Texas Tech University, Lubbock, in 1981, 1984,
and 1986, respectively, all in electrical engineering.
From 1986 to 1987, he was a Visiting Scientist
at the Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics,
Munich, Germany. Since 1987, he has been with the
Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun
Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,
where he became a Professor in 1991 and, from 1994
to 1997, served as Chairman of the Electrical Engineering Department. From
1998 to 1999, he was a Visiting Scholar with the ElectroScience Laboratory,
The Ohio State University, Columbus. He has published more than 270 refereed
journal papers and numerous conference articles and has graduated 33 Ph.D.
students. He also holds more than 50 patents and has many patents pending. He
is the author of Design of Nonplanar Microstrip Antennas and Transmission
Lines (New York: Wiley, 1999), Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas
(New York: Wiley, 2002), and Planar Antennas for Wireless Communication
(New York: Wiley, 2003).
Dr. Wong is a Member of the National Committee of the Republic of China
for the International Scientific Radio Union (URSI), Microwave Society of the
Republic of China, and Chinese Institute of Electrical Engineers. He received
the Outstanding Research Award from the National Science Council of the Republic of China in 1994, 2000, and 2002. He also received the Young Scientist
Award from URSI in 1993, the Excellent Young Electrical Engineer Award from
Chinese Institute of Electrical Engineers in 1998, the Excellent Textbook Award
for Microstrip Antenna Experiment (in Chinese) from the Ministry of Education
of the Republic of China in 1998, and the Outstanding Research Award from
National Sun Yat-Sen University in 1994 and 2000. In 2001, he also received
the ISI Citation Classic Award for a published paper highly cited in the field.
He has been on the editorial board of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE
THEORY AND TECHNIQUES and Microwave Optical Technology Letters. He has
also been on the Board of Directors of the Microwave Society of the Republic of
China. He is listed in Whos Who of the Republic of China and Marquis Whos
Who in the World.

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