Initial Draft Less Loco

Dalol - Semera Electric Railway Infrastructure Design
Project Proposal
Woldia University Metal and Engineering Corporation

Joint Project Proposal
February, 2015
Project Summary
Project Name : Railway Infrastructure Design
Project owner: Metal and Engineering Corporation
Subcontractor: Woldia University
Country: Ethiopia
Contact Person:
Name: Woldia University
Address: Woldia, North Wollo
Telephone: +251 335400683
Fax: +251 335400674
Email : ahaduhiz@gmail.com
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................................... v
1.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................... 1
2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ....................................................................................................... 1
3.
BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT................................................................................................................. 2
4.
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT.......................................................................................................... 2
5.
PROJECT GOAL..................................................................................................................................... 3
6.
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AREA ................................................................................................ 4
8.
DESIGN TASKS...................................................................................................................................... 5
8.1.
Project organization.......................................................................................................................... 5
8.1.1.
Top management ...................................................................................................................... 6
8.1.4.
Technical Teams ...................................................................................................................... 7
8.1.5.
Other personnel ........................................................................................................................ 7
8.1.6.
Facility Provision ..................................................................................................................... 7
8.1.7.
Technical facilities ................................................................................................................... 7
8.1.8.
Humanitarian Facilities ............................................................................................................ 8
8.2.
Civil infra structure design:.............................................................................................................. 8
8.2.1.
Topographic study and design.................................................................................................. 9
8.2.2.
Site design .............................................................................................................................. 11
8.2.3.
Geotechnical and geological investigations ........................................................................... 12
8.2.4.
Railway civil works................................................................................................................ 13
8.2.5.
Specifications ......................................................................................................................... 15
8.2.6.
Material/Equipment Selection................................................................................................ 15
8.2.7.
Concept Drawing.................................................................................................................... 15
8.3.
Electrification System Design ........................................................................................................ 17
8.3.1.
Preliminary Investigation ....................................................................................................... 17
8.3.2.
Traction Power Supply System design................................................................................... 20
8.3.3.
Design of power distribution system...................................................................................... 22
8.3.4.
Design of traction power return system.................................................................................. 23
8.3.5.
Equipment selection ............................................................................................................... 23
8.3.6.
Cost Estimation ...................................................................................................................... 23
8.4.
Design of signaling and communication system............................................................................ 24

iii
8.4.1.
Studying railway routes.......................................................................................................... 24
8.4.2.
Technology selection.............................................................................................................. 24
8.4.3.
Design of signaling and communications systems................................................................. 24
8.4.4.
Preparation of state-of-the-art of bill of materials.................................................................. 25
TIME PLAN OF THE DESIGN PROJECT ..........................................................................................26
9.
9.1.
Civil Work...................................................................................................................................... 26
9.2.
Electrification System Design ........................................................................................................ 26
9.3.
Signaling and Communication System Design .............................................................................. 27
10.
BUDGET PLAN OF THE DESIGN PROJECT................................................................................28
10.1.
Professional Fee .........................................................................................................................28
10.2.
Per diem...................................................................................................................................... 29
10.3.
Transportation Fee......................................................................................................................30
10.4.
Material Cost ..............................................................................................................................31
10.5.
Cost Summary ............................................................................................................................31
Appendix: Professional Profiles.....................................................................................................................32
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Project location and probable route (in blue).................................................................................... 4
Figure 2 : Earth quake and volcano distribution in the project area................................................................. 5
Figure 3: Project Management Hierarchy ....................................................................................................... 6
Figure 4: Nominated railway line...................................................................................................................15
Figure 5: Section of railway track (Wikipedia)..............................................................................................16
Figure 6: The power supply layout ................................................................................................................19
Figure 7: Cross-section of the pole of the contact line..................................................................................23
Dalol - Semera Electric Railway Infrastructure Design Project Proposal
1.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The millennium development goal of Ethiopia needs the expansion of infrastructure as a

facilitator means. This expansion itself needs considerable capital, knowledge, and technology
expenditure.
The capital cost expenditure gets so maximized as we depend on foreign knowledge and
technology. Nationally achieving the expertise over various technologies is our countrys future
plan. This allows independence over intellectual, material assets and saves foreign currency that
huge projects of such type incur.
The national defense force apart from protecting the sovereignty of the Ethiopian state and the
Ethiopian constitution it is participating in many technological projects that are of mega valued.
This is manifested in participating in different manufacturing technologies and huge
infrastructure development projects. One of the near future area of participation is in the
electrified railway infrastructure system design and realization works of the Dalol- Semera line.
This project is of the first of its type in being to be designed and commissioned predominantly
by local engineers found from the linkage with universities.
The general agreement that is signed between Woldia University and Metal and Engineering
Corporation anticipated the start of joint participation in this railway infra structure
development. Woldia University has given the responsibility of designing the infra structure
system both Civil , electrical, and communication system development and the consultation of
the project process. As a progress this Proposal is targeted only on the design process. The
proposal on the consultation process will be submitted on other phase after the compilation of
the design works.
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The project has 3 sub components which are civil work design of the track line, the
electrification system design and the signaling and communication system design.
The first part of the project work on which other subsequent projects depend is the detail design
of the civil work with BOQ. This incorporates topography study, the design of the track line,
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station designs, bridge designs and related works with the up-to-date cost estimation. The
design approach of the project will be to meet the minimum design life.
These trains are powered by electric power which entails second part of the project which is
detail design of traction power supply and distribution system with BOM.
The communication system design is the 3rd component of the design. Trains carry large loads
resulting in higher traffic capacity since trains move on specific tracks which require to be fully
guided and there is no arrangement of steering, so there is a need to provide control on the
movement of trains in the form of Railway signals which indicate to the drivers to stop or move
and also the speed at which they can pass a signal. Since the load carried by the trains and the
speed which the trains can attain are high, they need more braking distance before coming to
the stop from full speed. Without signal to be available on the route to constantly guide the
driver, accidents will occur.
3. BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT
The significance of railway transportation systems d e s i g n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t in our
country is paramount. The project as a whole has a number of economic, social, institutional and
political significances. Specifically the design and consultation project as a component of the
whole project has advantages of:
Technology and knowledge transfer and localization which pushes our country in the
chain of global technology.
The emerging man power from universities will gain practical education from the
project.
Technological researches will emerge from the project.
Institutionally it transforms both parties (METEC and WDU) to be centers of excellence

in technological advancement.
Creating job opportunities to professionals and laborers during site investigation and on
the design process.
4. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objectives of this project are to design:
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A new railway track infrastructure subsystem design which extends from Dallol t o
Semera. This includes:
study the topography of the project area
select appropriate alignment
investigate the ground condition of the selected route
study the geological structures in the area
select appropriate, economical and safe station points.
study the properties of the subsoil layer in the route and stations
prepare the geometrical and structural design of the alignment
prepare site plan design of station place, route
prepare architectural and structural design of station buildings
BOQ of the civil works.
Rail electrification system for track line, including design o f :

-
traction power supply system
power distribution system
traction power return system
equipment selection
BOQ of materials and equipments.
Signaling and communication system and preparation of state- of- the art
bill of
materials for electric locomotive and wagon which include:

-
survey railway routes for the system design
select the technology of signaling and communication systems
develop system design with its operation mechanism.
optimize the designs
prepare state- of -the art bill of materials
5. PROJECT GOAL
Complete infra-structure, electrification, signaling system design and accompanying material bill
for the Dalol-Semera freight train infra structure development project.
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6. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AREA

The new railway project to be designed links Dallol to Semera. The project targets totally in
Afar Region (Ethiopia). Dallol (absolute location 639,487m E and 1574320m N) is
geographically located in the North East of Afar region and Semera (absolute location of
718,870m E and 130,4350m N) is located north East of Addis Ababa City.
Figure 1: Project location and probable route (in blue)

The region is very low-lying region, reaching a about 160m below sea level (Barberi et al.,
1974). These and other geologic features like, vigorous tectonic activity, long-lived
volcanic lava lakes, well-developed faults scarps and extreme temperature which reaches
about 48
C qualify the Afar Depression as one of the most unique features on earth. Apart
from this Dalol is one of the few places where abundant potash deposits are found at the
surface. The deposit is estimated to cover an area of 1150 km2 with an estimated accumulation of
about 150 million ton.
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Figure 2 : Earth quake and volcano distribution in the project area

8. DESIGN TASKS
8.1. Project organization
The project needs to have an organizational structure to bear responsibilities, and facilitate the
function.
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Top
Management
Project
Coordinator
Team leader
Figure 3: Project Management Hierarchy

8.1.1. Top management
The project is led by the top management which constitutes the responsible bodies in the two
parties. From Woldia University it is the research and community service vice president and From
METEC it is.
The overall responsibility is to supervise the project progress and take necessary corrections and
provide necessary supports.
8.1.2. Project Coordinator
Is the highest responsible body of this project
Creates inter team communications.
Submit the problems occurred to management bodies of the two institutions and seek
appropriate solutions
8.1.3.
submit project progress report to the management body of the two institutions
Team leader
manages the team
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supervises the progress
arranges group discussions
present the demands to the higher body , project coordinator
manage team resource
arrange necessary team facilities
submit regular and timely progress report to the Project Coordinator
8.1.4. Technical Teams

The technical team has design and development responsibilities for all engineering functions
related to the project objectives. Teams must be equipped with extensive designing tools. Team
leaders head each team of technical experts. The teams in this project are:
Civil work design team
Rail way electrification design team
Signaling and communication system design team and
8.1.5. Other personnel

Include external personnel that manages financial and facility matters.
8.1.6. Facility Provision
To meet the time schedule the project team must be equipped with the necessary facilities:
8.1.7. Technical facilities
High end Modeling and Analysis Software and CAD workstations.
High speed internet access.
Team centre engineering PDM (Product data management) software, using Unigraphics
3D modeling Design software and Teamcentre 8.3, NX 7.5 versions. These software
all used for modeling, clearance analysis , dimensional analysis, cable routing
,piping harnessing design modification , system integration and load analysis.
licensed arc GIS
licensed Inroad or eagle point
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structural software
Hand Held GPS
Automatic Level
Total Station
Digital camera
Vehicles
Compass
Meter tape
Geological hammer
Stereo ploter
Bore hole drilling machine
licensed tera model and other related software
Printing Room facility
A0 Size photo copier and Scanner (Color) KIP 5000
A0 size color printer
A4 size printer and copier
8.1.8.
Humanitarian Facilities
Transportation service
Accommodation
8.2. Civil infra structure design:

The civil work task includes:
Preliminary investigation
- Proposed route selection
- Reconnaissance survey
Detail survey
- Survey data collection
- Final route selection
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- Determination of location and number of stations
Detailed geotechnical and geological investigation

- Subsoil and sub-grade data collection
- Secondary data collection
- Geological map
Design of subsequent civil works

- Architectural and structural design of stations
- Geometrical and structural design of rail track
Cost estimation of the project
Review and finalization of the project

- Detailing of architectural, structural and geometrical drawings
- Documentation of the project
8.2.1. Topographic study and design

Understanding the natural environment such as the topography, geomorphology, geology and
soil is essential when examining the overall issues and impacts of a major any transport
infrastructure project on an area.
i. Route selection
The decision to introduce a new railway line is influenced by any number of political, social or
economic factors. The new railway line is required to carry freight, thereby alleviating traffic
from already existing roads, or passengers to meet the growing demands of new population
centers. The reasons for selecting a particular route alignment should be based on sound
engineering principles, whilst ensuring that construction and future operational/maintenance
issues have been incorporated.
At first preliminary route corridor selection will be done based on internet available GIS data.
Satellite image of the site will be purchased and feed to the GIS. Generally the routes will be
selected based on the criteria listed below:
Geometric design criteria (both vertical and horizontal alignments, gradients of the area
the grade requirement is within the limit 1.7%)
Accessibility of the route
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Environmental factors (such as weather, population density etc.)
Natural hazards (occurrence of earthquakes, volcanoes,
Consideration of mandatory points such as cities and towns,
Location of Mining areas
Cost of the route
Safety of the route such as the existence of steep and gentle grades.
Proximity of materials and labor
Future urbanization and industrialization of towns
Then once the best three or four routes are selected, detailed route selection will be done through
feasibility study.
ii.
Reconnaissance survey
Before commencing the Finalization of the route selection and detailed field investigation work,
site reconnaissance is carried out. It includes
Review of existing regional, site and sub surface information from existing geotechnical
and geological reports prepared for the site or nearby areas, topographic maps, site plans,
geologic maps, air photos, construction plans, surveys and geological data.
Gathering information regarding ground water level near the project site and data on
seismic aspects, such as ground motion, liquefaction potential, and site amplification.
Collection of data on the performance of existing engineered structures (comparable

systems such as cuts, slopes and excavations) in the area.
Visual inspection of site and collecting data regarding it accessibility, over head space
limitation, identification of underground utilities, nature of above ground structures,
traffic condition and control during investigation and construction.
Inspection for surface settlement, drainage and erosion patterns.
Inspection and visualization of the natural hazards such as volcanoes and the natural
schemes like lakes, rivers, forests that can be affected or can affect the construction of
the new transportation system.
After a detail review of existing ground information and reconnaissance survey, the appropriate
alignment (route) is selected. The most appropriate route to be selected is the one with minimum
overall cost.
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iii.
Detail survey/investigation
After the successful accomplishment of the preliminary survey and route selection, detail
investigation and data collection along the selected alignment will be carried out. This is the
stage where the required survey and areal data, subsoil properties, geological characteristics and
other related datas of the project area are specified and identified for the design.
8.2.2. Site design
The site design to be carried out for the new railway line from Dalol to Semera contains the
architectural and structural design of station.
i. Station Design
The station shall enable a safe, reliable, cost-effective and customer oriented transport system.
The stations of the new railway are designed to fulfill the requirements of the railway facilities.
Transit way stations fulfill two primary functions: they provide access to the transit way and
transit information to customers. To fulfill these functions, the following should be carefully
considered in each station; facilities provided, facility sizing, components and transit way
information included, and materials used. Thus, the station design should ensure each station fits
with and enhances the neighborhood surrounding it in terms of both function and aesthetics.
ii. Station Facilities
One of the primary functions of transit way stations is the provision of facilities so that transit
patrons can access the transit way. All transit way stations should provide:
Facilities that support access for customers of all ages and abilities
Facilities that support access for pedestrians and people using wheelchairs or bicycles,
including providing bicycle parking
Station platform(s)
Waiting shelters for all public transit routes serving the station
Provision for shortterm pickup/dropoff of transit patrons by shuttle, taxi, etc.
Stations may also include facilities for additional functions. The factors to consider in deciding
which additional facilities to provide at each station, if any, are existing and future passenger
demand, market needs; transit service plans (transit way and other transit services); capital,
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operating, and maintenance costs, available rightofway; and consistency with surrounding
development plans and land use policies.
Generally the Design and selection criteria for terminal and intermediate stations will be based
on;
a. Existing highway infrastructure impacts (capacity and accessibility)
b. Platform requirements
c. Further expansion capabilities of the city in which the stations will be constructed (due
to mining) as well as the expansion capabilities of the station itself.
d. Access to utilities (electric power, water, geographic nature, gas etc.)
e. Population density of the area
f. Future Industrialization of the area
g. The existing railway of the area
h. Cost of the stations
i. Environmental conditions (forest, natural hazards)
j. Existing structures
8.2.3. Geotechnical and geological investigations
As mentioned above, a detailed geotechnical investigation will be performed to identify
subsurface conditions, soil type, geological conditions, bearing capacity of the area which will
dictate much of the design work of the roads, foundations, buildings, tunneling and stations.
Typically, the geotechnical investigation involves a drill rig for major foundations such as
bridges which bores to the engineers required depths (typically 10cm diameter drill to 7-10 m
deep) and an open pit excavation to identify the subsurface soil and rock types and strength
properties by sampling and lab testing. A geotechnical investigation will generally be performed
throughout the path of the selected route. It also will be conducted at the terminal and
intermediate stations etc.
In addition, Geological investigations are conducted to know the geological structures, geo
hazards and other related factors which can threaten the project area. These include faults, folds,
earth quake, volcanoes, etc.
i. Soil test
a) Field tests
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Field tests will be done actually in the site. These tests include Standard penetration test, van
shear test and other related field tests which are going to be carried out to determine the bearing
capacity and CBR test of the soil in the site.
b) Laboratory tests
These tests are to be done in the Laboratory to know the characteristics of the soil in the site.
The soil samples to be brought can be disturbed and undisturbed depending on the tests and
outcome required. So direct shear test, cone penetration test, CBR test and other related tests are
going to be done for the sub grade and the under bed of the station sites.
8.2.4. Railway civil works
In addition to those mentioned above, the civil works involved in the construction of a new
railway line also includes.
a) Earthwork and bridges
b) Structural and geometrical design of track components
c) Estimation of project cost
a) Earthwork for Formation
The formation may be in an embankment or a cutting depending upon the rail level and general
contour of the area. A formation in an embankment is normally preferred from the point of view
of good drainage. The height of the embankment also depends on the high flood level of the area
and a reasonable free board is provided above this level.
In the alignment there may be areas where there are both cuttings and embankments. So the
earth from the cuttings should be used for the embankments up to an economical lead. The
economical lead of moving earth in the longitudinal direction is determined by the masshaul
curve.
b) Bridges
Bridges should be designed for the heaviest locomotive likely to pass the section. Depending
upon the topography of the country and the type of stream to be crossed, pipe culverts,
reinforced cement (RCC) slab bridges, plate girders or pre stressed concrete (PRC) girder
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bridges or steel bridges, are designed. Bridges, being important structures, are normally made
for double-line tracks, even in single-line sections, with a view to plan for future expansion. For
the construction of important bridges, separate tenders are called, with design and construction
details included in the tender documents. Minor bridges and culverts are normally included in
the earthwork zones mentioned above.
c) Rails
The new railway line should be equipped with the acceptable rails so as to access the feasible
transit. Rail shall be inclined at 1:40 to the vertical towards the track center line except
at switch and crossing areas where the rail shall be vertical. All rails shall be continuously
welded.
Premium rail shall be used in all horizontal curves with radii less than 700m, including the
transition spirals at each end. These requirements shall also apply to siding tracks and crossover
tracks in the mainline.
In the design, the rails need to be well spaced so that they can be able to withstand and safely
transfer the load from the train. The spacing is also determined from the aspects of the standard
gauge measurements and code recommendations as of broad gauge, narrow gauge etc. Standard
rail shall be used in all depot tracks.
d) Concrete Ties (Sleepers)
Railway sleepers can be made up of wood, steel or concrete. A concrete sleeper is a railroad tie
made out of steel reinforced concrete. They are made of pre-stressed concrete containing
reinforcing steel wires. These are ties used to hang the rail in position and to transfer the train
load safely to the ballast. Even though there are different ties, concrete ties are gaining
acceptance for heavy haul mainline use, both track and turnouts, as well as for curvature greater
than 2. An insulator clip is also placed between the contact point of the elastic fastener used to
secure the rail to the tie and the contact point on the base of the rail.
The concrete sleepers have to be placed on the well-designed ballast (in thickness and side
slope) in which this layer is needed to be lied on recommended sub ballast and sub grade.
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8.2.5.
Specifications
The railway track infrastructure from Dallol to Semera is double track system throughout its
length. And the track system is required to be designed to overcome the maximum load from the
train and mineral carrying wagons which has an expected weight of 25 ton per axle or 150 ton
locomotive with six axles in addition to the transportation load.
The maximum grade requirement is within the limits of -1.7%to 1.7% so that the load transport
and relevant speed can be acquired with lesser energy consumption. Also the designed speed of the
railway infrastructure is 120Km/hr.with a track gauge of 1435mm.
8.2.6. Material/Equipment Selection
Equipment procurement will be undertaken using the project site specifications. Based on the
design basis approach the Project will be designed and constructed to meet the minimum design
life.
8.2.7. Concept Drawing
Figure 4: Nominated railway line
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Figure 5: Section of railway track (Wikipedia)

The thickness and the type of materials required for the track sections are determined based on
the maximum load that can impose on them e.g. load from the train.
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8.3. Electrification System Design

8.3.1. Preliminary Investigation
The first part of the study is investigating the site, and the power supply proximity (main grid) to
the track way. The investigation wills enable to choose alternative supply system, type of
substations. The investigation also covers following parameters.
i.
Mode of transmission (AC or DC)

Across the world there are three main types of power supply systems:
Direct current system (600V, 750V, 1500V, 3000V),
Single phase ac system ( 15kV-25kV, 16 2/3 Hz, 25kV-50kV industrial frequency)
Three phase ac system (3000V-3500V, 16 2/3 Hz)
The choice of mode of transmission doesnt depend on whether to have AC or DC motors,

nowadays either can work with an AC or DC supply. It is just needed to put the right sort of
control system between the supply and the motor and it will work. However, the choice of AC or
DC power transmission system along the line is important. Generally, its a question of what sort
of railway is required to have.
The comparison between the two systems can be summarized simply as:
AC system is used for long distance and DC for short distance. This makes AC an ideal
medium for electric railways power transmission.
It is easier to boost the voltage of AC than that of DC, so it is easier to send more power
over transmission lines with AC.
DC, on the other hand was the preferred option for shorter lines, urban systems and
tramways. However it needed a heavier transmission medium, a third rail or a thick wire, to
carry the power and it lost a fair amount of voltage as the distance between supply
connections increased.
For minimizing power loss it needs placing substations at close intervals, nowadays two or
three on a 750 volt system which is very close and uneconomical compared with a
minimum of 20 kilometers for a 25 kV AC line.
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Due to the above reason the plan in this design is to use AC transmission system. These
advantages and other advantages and also the hindrances that will come from the environmental
conditions of the area will be analyzed and solutions will be proposed in the preliminary study.
Among AC systems the 25kV, 50Hz system is widely used nowadays because of the following
advantages:
Light overhead centenary
Less number of substations
Flexibility in the location of substations
Simplicity of substation design
Lower cost of fixed installations
Higher coefficient of adhesion
Higher starting efficiency
i. Supply layout
Electric power is supplied to moving trains with a (nearly) continuous conductor running along the
track that usually takes either overhead (catenary) which is suspended from poles or towers along
the track or from structure or tunnel ceilings or a third rail which is mounted at track level and
contacted by a sliding "pickup shoe". Both overhead wire and third-rail systems usually use the
running rails as the return conductor but some systems use a separate fourth rail for this purpose.
Due to the selection of AC system for the transmission third rail system is not applicable due to
higher skin effect voltage drops. The proposal is to use overhead catenary system. In catenary
system there are two wires: contact wire and messenger wire.
The contact wire supplies
power to the train through pantograph whereas the messenger wire serves two purposes. Firstly,
it supports the contact wire vertically between structures by use of hangers.
Secondly, it
provides more electrical conductivity.
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Figure 6: The power supply layout

Types of Catenary system
A catenary system as utilized for traction power distribution on electric railroads is defined as a
messenger wire with a contact wire with a contact wire suspended beneath it on hangers, mounted
on fixed or hinged supports, sometimes with one or more auxiliary wires.
a. Single Contact Wire
Applied where maximum train weight and speed are very low. Consists of a contact wire only.
b. Simple Catenary
Used for speeds upto 160 km/h where two wires are ample for the required current capacity.
Consists of a messenger wire with a contact wire suspended beneath it on hangers
c. Stitched Catenary
Used for speeds up to 300km/h with single pantograph where two wire are ample for the
required current capacity
Is similar to simple catenary but with a stitch or bridle included between the two main wires in
the area of the supports
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d. Compound Catenary
Used for all speeds where the current capacity requires inclusion of a third wire and for
medium and high speeds where progressively larger numbers of pantographs are operated on a
single train.
Consists of a main messenger with an auxiliary wire suspended beneath it on hangers, which in
turn has a contact wire suspended on clamps or hangers beneath it.
e. Double Compound Catenary
Sometimes used for multiple pantograph operation on high speed lines
Consists of compound catenary with a second intermediate auxiliary wire
8.3.2. Traction Power Supply System design

This stage includes the following tasks:
i) Supply system identification
For economic reasons, the power should directly be received from the power utility high voltage
substation or transmission lines located in close proximity to the rail corridors which will be
determined through site visit. Here the transmission lines or substation and voltage level will
deliver power to traction substation located along the railway. The surrounding area has
interconnected system voltage levels 230 kV and 132kV.
Connections to the grid high voltage system are required to ensure optimal supply reliability to
limit:
voltage flicker,
phase unbalance, and
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harmonic distortion that may result from the addition of the highly fluctuating, single
phase, and non-sinusoidal traction loads.
ii) Traction substation Design:

The traction power substations will receive electrical power from the local utility (national grid)
at high voltage. Substation spacing in electrification system depend on:
train power demand in this case 2 trains X 6400kW X 1hour= 12,800 kWh ,
train operating headways,
system design and real estate availability.
During substation design, the task of substation layout design, substation equipment selection,
location as well as configuration will be done.
The traction power substation equipment selection includes the following major item of
equipment:
Power transformers:
transformer size will be selected according to the maximum expected load and possibility of
future expansions. And then the transformers may be selected from the commercially
available standard power transformer ratings to supply the present and future loads.
Switchgear equipment
-
Ratings of circuit breakers
Ratings of switch disconnecters (load break switches)
Rating of isolators (Disconnecters)
Measurement instruments
Characteristics of voltage transformers
Characteristics of current transformers
Substation control building

-
Enclosure housing protective device,
programmable logic controllers
supervisory control and data acquisition systems,
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other parts such as instrumentation, indication, annunciation, lighting, temperature

control system, and substation battery
Bus bars and bus connections
Power cables, control cables, and low voltage auxiliary power wiring
Insulation and grounding systems, raceways, conduits, duct banks, and other
miscellaneous equipment
Substation ground mat
Due to the large electrical clearances required, high voltage equipment of traction power
substations is typically installed outdoors. Each item of equipment is delivered to the site
separately and installed on prepared foundation or footings.
iii) Substation location
The following considerations are taken into account in determining the location off traction
substations.
Availability of incoming HVAC supply
Site access: all weather heavy vehicles access for construction and future maintenance
requirements
Space availability and site topography
Location from track and orientation to track
Security consideration
Susceptance of site to adverse weather conditions
Site specific environmental requirements considerations
8.3.3. Design of power distribution system

The traction power supply system delivers power to the distribution system. The trains collect
their propulsion power from the distribution system by means of pantographs or third rail
current collector shoes, and return the power to the substations via their wheels by the traction
power return system.
WU & METEC
Page 22
Figure 7: Cross-section of the pole of the contact line
8.3.4. Design of traction power return system

Traction power substation supplies power for overhead contact power distribution system and
then the train receive power from overhead contact through pantograph which is installed on the
roof. Then the current should be return to the substation by means of some mechanism. Thus, in
this project the running rails will be used as return system.
8.3.5. Equipment selection
After finalizing the design of the rail electrification system, the equipment which are used for
traction power substation, power distribution system and return system will be selected based on
certain criteria such as, reliability, cost effectiveness, rating and environmental friendliness.
8.3.6. Cost Estimation
The last but not the least task will be estimating the overall cost of the project for
the implementation if the design is approved by the concerned body.
WU & METEC
Page 23
8.4. Design of signaling and communication system

8.4.1. Studying railway routes
This is the stage at which we gather the necessary information for our technology selection and
an efficient and reliable design of signaling and communication system. In order to implement
the general objectives of this project we have to follow in a set of procedures. The first and
foremost is studying the railway routes, which will enable us to know:
1. The number of trains that can travel in one line:
Since the main objectives of railways signaling communications systems is to increases the
capacity of the train line by reducing collision disaster, so to select the systems technology
knowing the number of trains that can travel in one line is mandatory and accordingly the system
will be selected to be cost effective and efficient for that number of trains.
2. The environmental conditions:
Signaling and communication systems are dependent on the environments that they can be
deployed. As a result studying the environment for which the system will be deployed will helps
us to select the technology(system) that is suitable for that environment in chronological with the
number of train in one line.
8.4.2. Technology selection
As explained in the above sections signaling and communications systems are a key for
optimization of the usage of train line. Even though they are important for increasing the
capacity of the train line, they have to be cost effective and efficient for the desired railway
routes and number of trains. And hence the project aims to select one or more of the signaling
and communications systems (Technologies) that are suitable for the site.
8.4.3. Design of signaling and communications systems
Railway signaling and communication is a system used to safely direct railway traffic in order to
prevent trains from colliding. Trains move on fixed rails so they are uniquely susceptible to
collision; the weight of trains and momentum makes it difficult to stop before reaching the
impending obstacle.
WU & METEC
Page 24
After gathering the informations regarding to the number of trains, number of routes,
environment factors, and selecting the technology we will design a system which will be cost
effective, efficient, reliable and suitable for the site of Dalol -Samara-Djibouti.
8.4.4. Preparation of state-of-the-art of bill of materials
After designing the signaling and communication systems and make a review by expertise, the
next step will be writing the state of the art of bill of materials. And since we will design
depending on the availabilities of materials and cost-effectiveness of the material we will use,
this part will be also taken in to account during design.
WU & METEC
Page 25
9. TIME PLAN OF THE DESIGN PROJECT

9.1. Civil Work
9.2.
Electrification System Design
WU & METEC
Page 26
9.3.
Signaling and Communication System Design
WU & METEC
Page 27
10. BUDGET PLAN OF THE DESIGN PROJECT

Locally designing the system not only localizes the knowledge and technology but also save huge
foreign currency expenditure for design and consultancy Tasks. Here the tables below show the
summarized design cost:
10.1. Professional Fee
Civil Work Design
S/No
Descriptio
n
Sub description
Route
Details
Qty
Per
month No
(Birr)
months
20,000
10
13,000
20
10,000
20,000
2.5
Geo hazard and geo 5
20,000
20,000
4.5
10
20,000
3.5
20,000
20,000
4.5
20,000
selection Office
analysis
Total
and
and
Site visit of selected
Reconnaissance
locations
480,000.00
survey
Surveyor
Topographi
c study
Staff man
Data collection
Data processing
Geological study
GIS
Architectural design
50,000.00
600,000.00
180,000.00
Site design
Structural design
Geometrical
1,200,000.00
Geological map,
structures analysis
Station design
780,000.00
Rail
way Structural
alignment
Cross section & bridge 10
480,000.00
900,000.00
design
civil works
Drainage
Station drainage and

MRF
WU & METEC
700,000.00
400,000.00
Page 28

Cost estimation
Project cost (station

cost, track cost, bridge 4
20,000
20,000.00
14
1,960,000.00
System communication designs and Bill 7
20,000.00
12
1,680,000.00
cost and others)
240,000.00
Electrification
carry out the system electrical,
system Design
designs
traction substation design
Communication and Signaling System Design

Communication
5
Signaling
and carry
Design
out
the
system
of material formulation
Coordinator Fees
6
Project coordinator fee
Coordinate The project Process
7500
16
120,000.00
Team leader fee
Leads each team
5,000
16
240,000.00
Sub Total
9,650,000.00
10.2. Per diem

Civil Work Per Diem and Lab Test Fee
No
Description
Place
Per
No
diem
days
500
20
30000.00
10
500
30
150000.00
Labour)
15
500
30
225000.00
Subgrade soil sample (Skilled and Project area
14
500
55
385000.00
Labour)
10
600
55
330000.00
175000.00
Secondary data collection
Station soil sample
Qty
Addis Ababa
(Skilled and Project area
of Total
Soil test (test and technicians)
Bahirdar
35
5000
Bore hole drilling (in no. of bores)
Project area
15000 -
60000.00
500
350,000.00

6
Field Visits
WU & METEC
Project
area
&
Addis 7
100
Page 29
Ababa
7
Field visits
Project
area
&
Addis 5
500
70
175,000.00
Ababa
Sub Total
1,880,000.00
10.3. Transportation Fee

Civil Work Design
No.
Description
Liter Per Cost
Per Expected
Total
Km
L(Birr/Lit)
Total Km
(Birr)
Cost
Fuel for field
0.15
20
76800
230,400
Fuel for secondary data 0.15
20
4000
12,000
20
50800
152,400
46800
140,400
and to labs
3
Fuel for field
0.15

4
Fuel for field
Sub Total
WU & METEC
0.15
20
535,200
Page 30
10.4. Material Cost

No
Item
Unit
Qty
Unit price (birr)
Total (birr)
Paper (A4 and A3)
Pack
100
100.00
10,000.00
Paper (light A0)
Rim
57
2500.00
142,500.00
Printer ink (4 colours)
No
40
6500.00
260,000.00
Design Manuals
No
15
11000.00
165,000.00
Pen, pencil
Pack of 50
200.00
600.00
Stapler (20mm)
No
400.00
1,600.00
Stapler
No
80.00
400.00
stapler pen
Pack
15
20.00
300.00
Note book
Dozen
500.00
1,500.00
10
Flush disk (32 GB)
No
25
450.00
11,250.00
11
Software
No
20
15000.00
300,000.00
893,150.00
Sub Total
10.5.
Cost Summary
No
Budget Type
Amount
1.
Professional fee
9,650,000.00
2.
Per diem
1,880,000.00
3.
Transportation
535,200.00
4.
Material Cost
893,150.00
Total
12,958,350.00
Administrative Costs (10%)
1,295,835.00
University Service Cost (10%)
1,295,835.00
Total
15,550,020.00
Contingency (10%)
1,555,002.00
Grand Total
17,105,022.00
WU & METEC
Page 31
Appendix: Professional Profiles

No
Name
Qualification
Remark
Team Leader
1. Civil Work Design

1
Aregawi Tekle
B.Sc. in Civil Engineering
Girma Moges
B.Sc. in Civil Engineering (Geotechnical)
Mulugeta Fentaw
B.Sc. in surveying Technology
Leulseged Birrara
B.Sc. in Civil Engineering (Architecture)
Haileleul Temesgen
Abreha G/ zher
Aniley Mitikie
Birhanu Teshome
Abebaw Meseret
10
Birhanemeskel Taye
11
Gebremikael Haile
12
Gedey Tsegaye
13
Tsegaye Gashaw
14
Bisrat Assefa
15
Lemlemu Abebe
16
Aklilu Ayalew
17
Seid Ahmed
18
Millashu Sisay
B.Sc. in Construction Technology and management
19
Shambel Addisie
20
Ayene Assefa
21
Yitbarek Firew
B.Sc. in Architecture
22
Gizachew Zelalem
23
Kahsu G/meskel
24
Shewit Kassaye
25
Zewdu Maru
M.Sc. in Hydraulics
WU & METEC
Page 32
26
Asrat Hibu
B.Sc. in Water Resource and Environmental

Engineering
27
Mihreteab Aregawi
B.Sc. in Water Resource and Irrigation Engineering
28
Melese Baye
B.Sc. in Water Resource and Irrigation Engineering
29
Mitiku Kiros
B.Sc. in Geology
30
Belay Anberber
B.Sc. in Geology
31
Wolday G/ Hiwot
B.Sc. in Geology
2. Electrification System Design

1. Birhanu Nega
M.Sc. in Electrical Power Engineering
2. Mintesenot Kassa
3. Ahadu Hillawie
4. Kelemwork Aregawi
MTech (Micro electronics)
5. Dagemawi Demerew
M.Sc. in Control engineering
Team Leader
Project Coordinator
3. Communication System Design

1.
Medhanye Melese
MTech (Micro electronics)
2.
Kibrom Berihu
B.Sc. in electrical Engineering (Communication
Team Leader
engineering)
3.
Tesfaye Hailu

engineering)
4.
Abera Gesese

engineering)
5.
Ali Yemam
WU & METEC
M.Sc. in computer engineering
Page 33

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Dalol - Semera Electric Railway Infrastructure Design

Woldia University Metal and Engineering Corporation

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ....................................................................................................... 1

BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT................................................................................................................. 2

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT.......................................................................................................... 2

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AREA ................................................................................................ 4

Top management ...................................................................................................................... 6

Technical Teams ...................................................................................................................... 7

Other personnel ........................................................................................................................ 7

Facility Provision ..................................................................................................................... 7

Technical facilities ................................................................................................................... 7

Humanitarian Facilities ............................................................................................................ 8

Civil infra structure design:.............................................................................................................. 8

Topographic study and design.................................................................................................. 9

Site design .............................................................................................................................. 11

Geotechnical and geological investigations ........................................................................... 12

Railway civil works................................................................................................................ 13

Electrification System Design ........................................................................................................ 17

Preliminary Investigation ....................................................................................................... 17

Traction Power Supply System design................................................................................... 20

Design of power distribution system...................................................................................... 22

Design of traction power return system.................................................................................. 23

Equipment selection ............................................................................................................... 23

Cost Estimation ...................................................................................................................... 23

Design of signaling and communication system............................................................................ 24

Studying railway routes.......................................................................................................... 24

Design of signaling and communications systems................................................................. 24

Preparation of state-of-the-art of bill of materials.................................................................. 25

TIME PLAN OF THE DESIGN PROJECT ..........................................................................................26

Electrification System Design ........................................................................................................ 26

Signaling and Communication System Design .............................................................................. 27

BUDGET PLAN OF THE DESIGN PROJECT................................................................................28

Professional Fee .........................................................................................................................28

Material Cost ..............................................................................................................................31

Cost Summary ............................................................................................................................31

Appendix: Professional Profiles.....................................................................................................................32

Dalol - Semera Electric Railway Infrastructure Design Project Proposal

The millennium development goal of Ethiopia needs the expansion of infrastructure as a

Dalol - Semera Electric Railway Infrastructure Design Project Proposal

Technological researches will emerge from the project.

Institutionally it transforms both parties (METEC and WDU) to be centers of excellence

4. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

Dalol - Semera Electric Railway Infrastructure Design Project Proposal

study the topography of the project area

select appropriate alignment

investigate the ground condition of the selected route

study the geological structures in the area

select appropriate, economical and safe station points.

prepare the geometrical and structural design of the alignment

prepare site plan design of station place, route

prepare architectural and structural design of station buildings

BOQ of the civil works.

Rail electrification system for track line, including design o f :

traction power supply system

power distribution system

traction power return system

BOQ of materials and equipments.

materials for electric locomotive and wagon which include:

survey railway routes for the system design

select the technology of signaling and communication systems

develop system design with its operation mechanism.

optimize the designs

prepare state- of -the art bill of materials

Dalol - Semera Electric Railway Infrastructure Design Project Proposal