APPEAL

1: a legal proceeding by which a case is brought before a higher court for review of the
decision of a lower court
2
: a criminal accusation
3
a : an application (as to a recognized authority) for corroboration, vindication, or
decision
b : an earnest plea : ENTREATY <an appeal for help>
c : an organized request for donations <the annual appeal>
-make a serious or urgent request, typically to the public
-apply to a higher court for a reversal of the decision of a lower court.
-a serious or urgent request, typically one made to the public.
-an application to a higher court for a decision to be reversed
-Request, usually by a party losing a case in a lower court to a higher
(appellate) court, to reverse or modify the lower court's decision. Appellate
courts, in general, deal with a appeal by notionally rehearing the case
through the trial notes (transcripts) before calling any witnesses. The
appellant usually has to post an appeal-bond, to pay for the appellee's
expenses in case the appeal is unsuccessful. In some civil cases, a winning
party may appeal for an award of a larger sum in damages.
appeal - Legal Definition. The process to seek and obtain a review and reversal by a
court of a lower court's decision. The process to seek and obtain a review and reversal
of an administrative decision by a court or by a higher authority within the administrative
agency.
breach
brCH/Submit
noun
1.
an act of breaking or failing to observe a law, agreement, or code of conduct.
"a breach of confidence"
synonyms: contravention, violation, infringement, infraction, transgression, neglect;
delict
"a clear breach of the regulations"
2.
a gap in a wall, barrier, or defense, especially one made by an attacking army.

synonyms: break, rupture, split, crack, fracture; More

verb
1.
make a gap in and break through (a wall, barrier, or defense).
"the river breached its bank"
synonyms: break (through), burst (through), rupture; informalbust (through)
"the river breached its bank"
2.
(of a whale) rise and break through the surface of the water.
1.the act or a result of breaking; break or rupture.
2.an infraction or violation, as of a law, trust, faith, or promise.
3.a gap made in a wall, fortification, line of soldiers, etc.; rift; fissure.
4.a severance of friendly relations.
5.the leap of a whale above the surface of the water.
6.Archaic. the breaking of waves; the dashing of surf.
7.Obsolete, wound1.
1.

A violation of a law, obligation, or promise. breach of the close. The

common law trespass of entering another's land either unlawfully or without
authorization. breach of duty. The failure to perform a legal or moral
obligation owed to a person or to the public.

breach
1) n. literally, a break. A breach may be a failure to perform a contract (breaking its terms), failure to do one's
duty (breach of duty, or breach of trust), causing a disturbance, threatening, or other violent acts which break
public tranquility (breach of peace), illegally entering property (breach of close), not telling the truthknowingly or innocently-about title to property (breach of warranty), or, in past times, refusal to honor a
promise to marry (breach of promise). 2) v. the act of failing to perform one's agreement, breaking one's word,
or otherwise actively violating one's duty to other.

civil
siv()l/
adjective
1.of or relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns, as distinct from
military or ecclesiastical matters.

"civil aviation"
synonyms: secular, nonreligious, lay; More
2.courteous and polite.
In its original sense, this word means pertaining or appropriate to a member
of a civitas or free political community; natural or proper to a citizen. Also,
relating to the community, or to the policy and government of the citizens
and subjects of a state. In the language of the law, It has various
significations. In contradistinction to barbarous or savage, it indicates a state
of society reduced to order and regular government; thus, we speak of civil
life, civil society, civil government, and civil liberty. In contradistinction to
criminal, it indicates the private rights and remedies of men, as members of
the community, in contrast to those which are public and relate to the
government ; thus, we speak of civil process and criminal process, civil
jurisdiction and criminal jurisdiction. It is also used in contradistinction to
military or ecclesiastical, to natural or foreign; thus, we speak of a civil
station, as opposed to a military or an ecclesiastical station; a civil death, as
opposed to a natural death ; a civil war, as opposed to a foreign war. Story,
Const, i 791.

Law Dictionary: What is CIVIL? definition of CIVIL (Black's Law Dictionary)

contract
noun
kntrakt/
1.
a written or spoken agreement, especially one concerning employment,
sales, or tenancy, that is intended to be enforceable by law.
"both parties must sign employment contracts"
synonyms: agreement, commitment, arrangement, settlement,
understanding, compact, covenant, bond; More
verb
1.

decrease in size, number, or range.

"glass contracts as it cools"
synonyms: shrink, get smaller, decrease, diminish, reduce, dwindle, decline
"the market for such goods began to contract"
2.
enter into a formal and legally binding agreement.
"the local authority will contract with a wide range of agencies to provide
services"
synonyms: undertake, pledge, promise, covenant, commit oneself, engage,
agree, enter an agreement, make a deal
"the company contracted to rebuild the stadium
An agreement creating obligations enforceable by law. The basic elements of a
contract aremutual assent, consideration, capacity, and legality. In some
states, the element of consideration can be satisfied by a valid substitute.
Possible remedies for breach of contractinclude general damages, consequential
damages, reliance damages, and specific performance.

A voluntary, deliberate, and legally binding agreement between two or more

competent parties. Contracts are usually written but may be spoken or
implied, and generally have to do with employment, sale or lease, or
tenancy.

Read more:
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/contract.html#ixzz3eby15TKU
: a legal agreement between people, companies, etc.
: a document on which the words of a contract are written

a : a binding agreement between two or more persons or parties; especially : one legally
enforceable
b : a business arrangement for the supply of goods or services at a fixed price <make parts
oncontract>

c : the act of marriage or an agreement to marry

2
: a document describing the terms of a contract
3
: the final bid to win a specified number of tricks in bridge
4
: an order or arrangement for a hired assassin to kill someone <his enemies put out
a contract on him>

An agreement, upon sufficient consideration, to do or not to do

a particular thing.
A contract is an agreement by which one person obligates himself to another
to give, to do. or permit, or not to do. something expressed or implied by such
agreement.
A contract is an agreement to do or not to do a certain thing.

crime
an action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be prosecuted by the state
and is punishable by law.
illegal activities.
an action or activity that, although not illegal, is considered to be evil, shameful, or
wrong.
: an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is
commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that
law; especially : a gross violation of law. 2. : a grave offense especially against morality.

What is CRIME?
A crime is an act committed or omitted, in violation of a public law, either
forbidding or commanding it; a breach or violation of some public right or

duty due to a whole community, considered as a community. In its social

aggregate capacity, as distinguished from a civil injury

DEFENSE-the act of defending someone or something from attack

: something that is used to protect yourself, your country, etc.
: the act of speaking or writing in support of someone or something that is being attacked or
criticized

That which is offered and alleged by the party proceeded against in anaction
or suit, as a reason in law or fact why the plaintiff should not recover or
establishwhat he seeks; what Is put forward to defeat an action. More properly
what is sufficientwhen offered for this purpose. In either of these senses it may
be either a denial,justification, or confession and avoidance of the faefs
averred as a ground of action, oran exception to their sufficiency in point of
law.
Defense also means the forcible repelling of an attack made unlawfully with
force and violence.In old statutes and records, the term means prohibition;
denial or refusal.
defense
(dfns or, esp. for 7,9, di fns)
n., v. -fensed, -fensing. n.
1. resistance against attack; protection.
2. something that defends, as a fortification or medication.
3. the defending of a cause or the like by speech, etc.: to speak in defense of a cause.
4. the arms production of a nation: spending billions on defense.
5. a speech, etc., in vindication.
6.
a. the defendant's answer to the charge or claim made by the plaintiff.
b. the strategy adopted by a defendant for defending against the plaintiff's charge.
c. a defendant together with counsel.

evidence
the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is
true or valid.
There is no evidence that these devices actually work. He has been unable to
findevidence to support his theory. Investigators could find no evidence linking him to
the crime.

Partial insanity. Mental unsoundness always existing, although only

occasionally manifest; monomania
a. A thing or set of things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment:
a. The means by which an allegation may be proven, such as oral testimony,documents, or phy
sical objects.
b. The set of legal rules determining what testimony, documents, and objects may beadmitted a
s proof in a trial.

HEARING

a hearing is a proceeding before a court or other decision-making body or

officer, such as a government agency. A hearing is generally distinguished
from a trial in that it is usually shorter and often less formal.
What is HEARING?
In equity practice. The hearing of the arguments of the counsel for the parties upon the pleadings, or
pleadings and proofs; corresponding to the trial of an action at law.The word hearing has an
established meaning as applicable to equity cases. It means the same thing in those cases that the
word trial does in cases at law. And the words final hearing have long been used to designate the
trial of an equity case upon the merits, as distinguished from the hearing of any preliminary
questions arising in the cause, and which are termed interlocutory. Akerly v. Vilas, 24 Wis. 171, 1
Am. Rep. 100.In criminal law. The examination of a prisoner charged with a crime or
misdemeanor,and of the witnesses for the accused.

a. A legal proceeding in which evidence is taken and arguments are given as thebasis for a deci
sion to be issued, either on some preliminary matter or on the meritsof the case.

b. A session, as of an investigatory committee or a grand jury, at which testimony istaken from

witnesses.
JUDGE

To hear and decide on in a court of law

To make a decision or reach a conclusion after examining all the factual evidence presented. To
form an opinion afterevaluating the facts and applying the law.
A public officer chosen or elected to preside over and to administer the law in a court of justice;
one who controls theproceedings in a courtroom and decides QUESTIONS OF LAW or discretion.
judge refers to a person authorized to make decisions. A judge is a court officer authorized to de
cide legal cases. Ajudge presiding over a case may initiate investigations on related matters, but
generally judges do not have the power toconduct investigations for other branches or agencies
of government

1.

A lawyer is a person who practices law, as a barrister, judge, attorney,

counsel (counselor at law) or solicitor. Law is the system of rules of conduct
established by the sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs,
maintain the stability of political and social authority, and deliver justice.
A person, who through a regular program of study, is learned in legal matters and has
been licensed to practice his or her profession. What is LAWYER?
A person learned in the law; as an attorney, counsel, or solicitor. Any person who, for
fee or reward, prosecutes or defends causes in courts of record or other judicial
tribunals of the United States, or of any of the states, or whose business it is to give
legal advice in relation to any cause or matter whatever
One whose profession is to give legal advice and assistance to clients and represent themin cou
rt or in other legal matters.

Arrest. A seizure or forcible restraint; an exercise of the power to deprive a person of

his or her liberty;
An arrest is using legal authority to deprive a person of his or her freedom of
movement. An arrest is generally made with an arrest warrant. An arrest may be made
without a warrant if probable cause and exigent circumstances are presented at the
time of the arrest.
What is ARREST?
To keep a person in lawful custody. A warrant, crime, or statute can authorize this.

arrest
v. 1) to take or hold a suspected criminal with legal authority, as by a law enforcement
officer. An arrest may be made legally based on a warrant issued by a court after
receiving a sworn statement of probable cause to believe there has been a crime
committed by this person, for an apparent crime committed in the presence of the
arresting officer, or upon probable cause to believe a crime has been committed by that
person. Once the arrest has been made, the officer must give the arrestee his/her rights
("Miranda rights") at the first practical moment, and either cite the person to appear in
court or bring him/her in to jail. A person arrested must be brought before a judge for
arraignment in a short time (e.g. within two business days), and have his/her bail set. A
private "security guard" cannot actually arrest someone except by citizen's arrest, but
can hold someone briefly until a law officer is summoned. A "citizen's arrest" can be
made by any person when a crime has been committed in his/her presence. However,
such self-help arrests can lead to lawsuits for "false arrest" if proved to be mistaken,
unjustified or involving unnecessary holding. 2) to delay the enforcement of a judgment
by a judge while errors in the record are corrected.
CASEshort for a cause of action, lawsuit, or the right to sue

A general term for an action, cause, suit, or controversy, at law or in equity; a question
contested before a court of justice; an aggregate of facts which furnishes occasion for
the exercise of the jurisdiction of a court of justice. Smith v. Waterbury, 54 Conn. 174, 7
Atl. 17 ; Kundolf v. Thalheimer, 12 N. Y. 596; Gebhard v. Sattler, 40 Iowa, 156.

CLAIMANT
In the courts of admiralty, when the suit is in rem, the cause is entitled in the Dame of
the libellant against the thing libelled,
a person who makes a claim.

What is CLAIMANT?
In admiralty practice. The name given to a person who lays claim to property seized on
a libel in rem. and who is authorized and admitted to defend the^ action. The
Conqueror. 166 U. S. 110, 17* Sup. Ct. 510, 41 L. Ed. 937. CLAM. Lat. In the civil law.
Covertly ; secretly.

CONVICT
is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person
serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as "prisoners"
or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for
former convicts, especially those recently released from prison, is "ex-con"
v. to find guilty of a crime after a trial. 2) n. a person who...
conviction
n. the result of a criminal trial in which the defendant has been...

One who has been condemned by a court One who has been adjudged guilty of
a crime ormisdemeanor. Usually spoken of condemned felons or the prisoners
in penitentiaries.

Formerly a man was said to be convict when he had been found guilty of treason or
felony, but before judgment had been passed on him, after which he was said to be
attaint