6/29/2015

IntegratingGPSDatawithArcView(GPSandGIS)Part2

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IntegratingGPSDatawithArcView(GPSandGIS)
Part2

SeetheConvertedFileinArcView
{__}StartupArcView.Makethewindowoccupythefullextentofthescreen.Createanewview.UnderFile
clickExtensions.Ifyourlistofavailableextensionsincludes3DAnalystand/orSpatialAnalystputchecks
besidethosenames.OKthewindow.

Figure68.Resultsofasuccessfulexportprocess.
{__}Preparetoaddathemefrom_:\GPS2GIS\RIVER_AV\EXPORTwhereyouputtheGPStrack.You
shouldseethenamePosnpnt.shpintheleftsideoftheAddThemewindow.
{_}AddthethemePosnpnt.shp.Turniton.Makesureitisactive.YoushouldseethesameGPStrackthatyou
sawbeforeinPathfinderOffice.This(View1seeFigure69)shouldsuggesttoyouthatyouhaveindeed
turnedaGPSCORfileintoanArcViewshapefile.
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{__}Lookatthethemetable:AttributesofPosnpnt.shp.(Thefirstfewrecordsofthe83recordsareshownin
Figure610.Youshouldseetherecolumnscontainingthetimeeachfixwasrecordedanditsheightabove
meansealevel.Notethebeginningandendingtimeforthedatacollectionrun.Notethewidevariationof
altitudessincetheriverisveryplacidandalmostlevel,thisgivesyouanideaofwhatyoucanexpectinthe
wayofverticalaccuracyforindividualfixeseventhosethathavebeendifferentiallycorrected.Ontheother
hand,thesedataweretakenalongtimeagothingshaveimprovedsomewhat.Buttheverticalwillalwaysbe
worsethanthehorizontal.Dismissthetable.

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{__}SincePathfinderOffice(unfortunately)restrictsthenamesofshapefilesgeneratedbyitsexportutilityto
Posnpnt,Posnline,andPosnpoly,6itisbesttogivetheshapefileanamethatsayssomethingaboutit.The
easiestwaytodothisistoduplicate(thatis,copy)theshapefile,givingthenewfileanameofyourchoice.This
ishow:makeView1active.UnderFile,clickManageDataSources.

Figure69.ArcViewviewoftheKentuckyRiverGPStrack.
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ArcViewtableoftheKentuckyRiverGPStrack.

Figure610.ArcViewtableoftheKentuckyRiverGPStrack.
AShapefileManagerwindowshouldcomeupshowingtheshapefilesin_:\GPS2GIS\RIVER_AV\EXPORT.
ClickonPosnpnt.shptohighlightitandthenpushtheCopybutton.Typethenewname,sayBoat_sp83_yis.shp,
intothe"ToShapefileName"blankandclickOK.CanceltheShapefileManagerWindow.
{__}NowaddBoat_sp83_yis.shpasanewthemetotheview.Maketheplottingsymbolabrightreddotofsize
six.(YoumaydeletethePosnpnt.shpthemebymakingittheactivetheme,goingintotheEditmenu,and
clickingDeleteThemes.)

LookattheGPSTrackintheContextofaVarietyofGISData
ThesubjectofthistopicisusingGPSforinputtoGIS.NowthatyouhaveGPSdatainArcViewletslookatit
withotherGISdata.WehaveavailableseveraldigitalmapsandimagesoftherelevantportionoftheKentucky
RiverplusacoupleofvectorcoveragesofafewarcsfromtwoUSGSquadranglemaps.Thecountytothenorth
isFayettethattothesouthisMadison.Ofthetwo7.5minutequadrangles,thewesternmostisCOLETOWN
theotherisFORD.Inthefolder_:\GPS2GIS\RIVERexistthefollowing:
AlinecoveragedigitizedfromtheFord,Kentuckyquadrangle:FORD_VCTR
AlinecoveragedigitizedfromtheColetown,Kentuckyquadrangle:COLE_VCTR
ATIGERlinefile(shapefile)ofthestreamsofFayetteCounty,Kentucky:FAY_TIGER
ATIGERlinefile(shapefile)ofthestreamsofMadisonCounty,Kentucky:MAD_TIGER
AdigitalrastergraphicsfilescannedfromtheColetowntopographicquadrangle:COLE_DRG.TIF
AsmallorthopohotoGeoTIFFimage7(itisadigitalorthophotoquadranglethatis1/64thofaregular7.5
minuteUSGSquad):COLE_DOQ64.TIF
ADigitalElevationModel(DEM)intheformofanArc/InfoGRIDconsistingof"pillarsofelevation"that
areapproximately30meterssquare:COLE_DEM
AvectorlinecoverageoftheelevationcontourlinesgeneratedfromtheDEM:COLECONTOURS
ATriangulatedIrregularNetwork(TIN)showingelevationsderivedfromtheDEM,intheformofan
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ArcInfoTIN:COLETIN
Avector(polygon)coverageofmostoftheColetownquadrangleshowingsoils:COLE_SOIL
AvectorpolygoncoverageoftheColetowngeologic(surfacerock)quadrangle:COLE_ROCK
Inthestepsbelowyouwilladdthesefeaturebased,gridbased,tinbased,andimagebasedthemes.
{__}EnlargetheView1windowsoitoccupiesmostoftheArcViewwindow,whichshouldbesettooccupy
thefullmonitorscreen.
{_}AddthefeaturebasedthemesfromUSGS7.5minutetopographicquadrangles:First,notethatallthese
themesarelocatedin__:\GPS2GIS\RIVER,notinRIVER_AV.ThecoveragesFORD_VCTRand
COLE_VCTRcontainafewarcsdigitized(withoutgreataccuracy)fromthetopoquadsFordandColetown
thedatahavebeenconvertedtoKentuckyStatePlanecoordinatesintheNAD1983datum.Inparticular,an
attemptwasmadetotracethebanksoftheKentuckyRiverandsomelocalhighwaysfromthequadsheets.Add
FORD_VCTRandCOLE_VCTRasthemes.MaketheCOLE_VCTRsymbolabrightredlineofsize1use
brightgreenforFORD_VCTR.
{__}MakeBoat_sp83_yistheactivetheme.ZoomtoFullExtent.Observe.ThenZoomtoActiveTheme(s).
YoushouldseetheGPStrack,afewarcsoutliningtheriverfromtheColetowntoposheet,andafewarcsfrom
theFordtoposheet.8Thestartingpointofthetripisinthesoutheastattheotherendofthetrackyoucansee
thepolygonoutliningtheisland.
{_}Measurethelengthofthetrip?(_feet).
{_}Changetheviewingareaandmeasuresomeotherdistances:Zoomuponthearcsaroundtheisland.Whatis
thelengthoftheisland(_feet),andthewidthoftheriverneartheisland?(______________feet).
TIGERLineFilesareaproductoftheU.S.BureauoftheCensus.TIGERstandsforTopologicallyIntegrated
GeographicEncodingandReferencing.TIGERfilesprimarilycontainstreetdatanames,streetnumbers,
censustracks,zipcodes,countyandstatecodes,andthegeographiccoordinatesofthesefeatures.Buttheyalso
includeothertypesofdatathatcanberepresentedinlinearform,suchaspoliticalboundaries,railroads,and
streams.
FAY_TIGERandMAD_TIGERrepresentthestreamsoftheirrespectivecounties.
{__}DisplayFAY_TIGER.SHPasalinethemeusingbrightblueasacolorand"2"asthesize.Noticethetwo
streamsthatcomeintotheKentuckyRiveralongtheGPStrack.Noticealsothatthenorthsideoftheriveris
consideredaFayetteCountystream.
{__}DisplayMAD_TIGERinthesamefashionasFAY_TIGERbutusingapalebluecolor.
{_}Makeathemefromthedigitalrastergraphics(DRG)imageoftheColetownquadrangle:IntheAddTheme
windowselectImageDataSourcefromDataSourceTypes.Navigateto__:\GPS2GIS\RIVERandadda
themenamedCOLE_DRG.TIF.Pullitstitleinthetableofcontentstothebottomandturniton.(Fromnowon,
putpointbasedthemesatthetopoftheT/C,linebasedthemesbelowthem,andimagebasedorgridbased
themesatthebottom.)Observe.ZoomtheviewtofullextenttoseewhataUSSGSDRGimagelookslike.
ThenzoomupontheareaoftheGPStrack.
{__}Lookatthecontourlinesneartheriver.Obviouslytheelevationchangessharply,sincethecontourlines
areclosetogether.
{__}Furtherzoomuponthebendintheriver.WhatistheNORMALPOOLELEVATION?_
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{_}Makeathemefromtheorthophoto"tiffile:IntheAddThemewindowselectImageDataSourcefrom
DataSourceTypes.
Navigateto_:\GPS2GIS\RIVERandaddathemebasedonCOLE_DOQ64.TIF.Dragitstitletonexttothe
bottomoftheT/C(withonlyDRGthemebelowit)andturniton.Zoomsotheentireorthophotoimage,plus
theisland,isintheviewwindow.Youcangetaninterestingperspectiveontheimagesbyflipping
COLE_DOQ64.TIFoffandon.Experimentwithdifferentlevelsofmagnification.
{_}Makeathemefromthedigitalelevationmodel(DEM)thatisintheformofanArcInfoGRID:9IntheAdd
ThemewindowselectGridDataSourcefromDataSourceTypes.From_:
\GPS2GIS\RIVERaddathemebasedonCOLE_DEM.DragitstitletothebottomoftheT/C.Turnoffthetwo
imagethemesaboveitturnitonandmakeittheactivetheme.Edititslegendsoyoucanseenineorten
classificationsofelevation:LegendTypeGraduatedColor.ClassificationFieldValue.ColorRampYellow
monochromatic.Click"Classify"andchoose"NaturalBreaks."
{__}Noticetherangesofvaluesofelevation.ThelowestvalueintheareaoftheGPStrackis,ofcourse,onthe
surfaceoftheriver.Usetheidentifytooltoseeiftheriverelevationagreeswithwhatyouwrotebeforeforthe
normalpoolelevation.Againexperimentwithvariouslevelsofmagnification,includingfullextentofthe
DEM.
{__}RedisplaytheDRG,butkeeptheDEMtheactivetheme.UsetheIdentifytooltocheckoutthetopomap
elevations.Clickonthetopographiclinesmapwherethetextshowselevationsof600,700,850,and900feet
nearthebendintheriver.Notetheagreement(orlackthereof)betweenwhatthetopomapsaysandthevalues
oftheunderlyinggrid.
AnotherwayofrepresentingelevationonamaporinaGIS,withwhichyouarefamiliarfromyourwork
withtopographicmaps,isthrough"isolines"or"contour"lines.Allpointsonagivenlinerepresentthesame
elevation.ThecontourlinesintheCOLE_CONTOURlinecoveragewasdevelopedbyacomputerprogramthat
processedtheDEMforthatquadrangle.
{__}DisplaythelinethemeCOLE_CONTOUR,usingablacklineofwidth"1."Displaythisthemeandthe
DRGthemeonly.WithCOLE_CONTOURtheactivetheme,usetheidentifytooltocomparetheelevation
valuesoftheblackcontourlineswiththoseshownontheDRG.Thisprocessmayworkbetterifyouzoomtoa
locationawayfromtheriver,becausethecontourlinestherearesodensethatitishardtoseewhatisgoingon.
Youwillnoticethatthecontourlinesfromthetwodifferentdatasetsareclose,butnotcongruent.Knowingthe
elevationateverypointinanareaisatricky(actuallyimpossible)task.Thesetwodatasetswerederivedin
verydifferentways.Theyactuallyshowaremarkabledegreeofagreement.
ATIN(TriangulatedIrregularNetwork),alongwithcontourlines,anddigitalelevationmodels,constitutea
thirdwayofrepresentingtopographyinGISs.ATINrepresentselevationbytessellating10theplanewith
triangles.Eachtriangleispositionedabovetheplanesuchthateachofitsthreecornersisattheproper
elevation.Theresult,then,isasurfacemadeupofflattriangularplatesatdifferentangles.
{_}MakeathemefromtheTriangulatedIrregularNetworkArclnfoTIN:11IntheAddThemewindowselect
TINDataSourcefromDataSourceTypes(youmayhavetoscrollthedropdownlisttoseeit).Navigateto
__:\GPS2GIS\RIVERandaddathemebasedonCOLE_TIN.DragitstitletothebottomoftheT/C.Turnoff
anyimagethemesaboveitturniton.ZoomupontheGPStrack.Thenzoommoretoseetheconstructionof
theTIN.(Ifthesurfacesoftwoormoretriangleshavethesameslopeyouwillnotseethelineseparatingthem.)
Again,withtheDEMactive,checkoutsomeelevationswiththeidentifytool.
{__}Optionally,editthelegendoftheTIN.Ithasitsownlegendeditor,whichyouinvokebyclickingonone
ofthecoloredrectanglesintheT/C.FacesmayshowtheElevationRange(thedefault),theslopesofthe
triangles,ortheaspect(directiontheyareinclinedtoward)ofthetriangles.YoumayalsoviewtheTINfrom
positionsotherthanstraightabove.YoucouldspendafulldayexploringthedifferentwaystodisplayTINs.
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Comebacktothisifyouareinterested.GetyourguidancefromtheArcViewHelpfiles.
{_}MakeathemefromanArclnfopolygonsoilscoverage:
IntheAddThemewindowselectFeatureDataSourcefromDataSourceTypes(youmayhavetoscrollthe
dropdownlisttoseeit).From__:\GPS2GIS\RIVER,addathemebasedonCOLE_SOIL.Dragitstitletothe
bottomoftheT/Candmakesureitistheactivetheme.Turnoffanyimagethemesaboveitturniton.Youwill
seearcsoutliningthepolygonsbuttheywillbeallthesamecolor.Doubleclickontherectangularlegendblock
intheT/CtobringuptheLegendEditor.FromtheLegendTypepick"UniqueValue"fromthedropdownlist
and"Minor1"fromtheValuesField.Usethe"BountifulHarvest"ColorScheme.ClickApply.Dismissthe
LegendEditor.Youshouldsee69differentvaluesrepresentedinCOLE_SOIL.Inordernottohavetheseall
valuesclutteringuptheT/C,clickon"Hide/ShowLegend"intheThemedropdownmenu.
{__}ZoomuponthepartoftheGPStrackthatlieswithinthesoilstheme.UsingtheIdentifytool,determine
theMinor1classificationofthesoiltypethatpredominateswithinthebanksoftheriver.____
{_}Justtogetanideaofthecharacterofthesoilscoveragefortheentirequadrangle,zoomtofullextent.The
blankareasoccurbecausesoilsdataarenotcompiledprimarilybyquadrangle,butbycountyandquadrangle
together.
{__}COLE_ROCKshowsthesurfacegeologyclassifications.Displayitasapolygonthemeinmuchthesame
mannerasthesoilscoverage.Displayitwithuniquevaluesforeach"Name"ofeachrocktype.Asyouhave
seenwiththeotherGISdatasets,itgetsprettyinterestingintheareaoftheriver.
{__}Spendafewminuteslookingatthevariousthemesatdifferentscales.OnegreatadvantageofaGISisthat
youcanmakemapsdisplaywhatyouwantbyturningvariouscombinationsoflayersonandoff.Playwiththat
capability.Whenyouhavefinished,determineifyourinstructorwantsyoutosavetheProjectsoheorshecan
seeitlater.Ifso,followthedirectionsgivenastowheretosaveitandwhattocallit.CloseArcView.
Ofcourse,thereisalongstorybehindeachofthetypesofdatathatwehavelookedatbrieflyhere.Ifyouare
interestedinaparticulartypeorsourceofdataIsuggestthatyoulookfirstatthewebforsourcesandthenstudy
webpagesortextsformoredetail.

PROJECT6aB
BlundersCausedbyUsingtheWrongDatum
OneofthecentraldifficultiesinusingGPSforinputtoGISismismatchedparameters,asIhavestatedsooften
thatyouaresickofreadingit.Indeed,theissueofgettingtheparametersofgeographicdatasetstomatchisa
generalproblemwithGIS.Letslookatwhathappensifwearentcareful.
{_}BringupPathfinderOfficeagain.IfyouclickontheiconfortheExportUtility,theprogramwillstillbeset
toexporttheGPSfileC111315a.CORto_:\GPS2GIS\RIVER_AV\EXPORT.
HoweveryouwanttoexporttheGPSdatainadifferentcoordinatesystem,soclickonNewSetup.IntheNew
Setupwindowchoose"Copyofexistingsetup."Inthe"SetupName"fieldreplace"CopyofAV_yis#1"with
"AV_yis#2."ClickOKandupwillcomeourseventabwindow.
{_}MakenochangesinData,Output,Attributes,ArcViewShapefile,orPositionFilter(unlessyouwereunable
tosaveAV_yis#1,inwhichcaseyouwillhavetosettheparametersunderthosetabstothevaluesspecified
whenyoudidthepreviousexport).Howeverwewanttomakethisexportsetupsoitmakesashapefileinthe
UTMcoordinatesystemintheNAD27datum.Alsowewanttosettheexportparametersspecifically,rather
thanrelyingonthecurrentdisplayparameters.So,undertheCoordinateSystemtabselect(UseExport
CoordinateSystemandthenclickonChange.MaketheSystemUniversalTransverseMercator.TheZone
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shouldbe16North,theDatumNAD27(Conus),CoordinateUnitsMeters,AltitudeUnitsFeet,andAltitude
ReferenceMSL.
{__}UndertheUnitstabalsouseExportparameters.Usemetersforallthreeoptions.ClickOKintheSelect
UnitswindowandthenintheExportSetupPropertieswindow.
{__}DoublechecktheExportwindow,12thenclickOK.Youmaybetoldthatfileswillbeoverwritten.Thats
okay,sinceyoucopiedthepreviouslymadePosnpnt.shptoanothername,therebysavingit.(Didntyou?)
{__}StartupArcViewand,withManageDataSources,copythenewPosnpnt.shpitis
in_:\GPS2GIS\RIVER_AV\EXPORTtoBoat_utm27_yis.shp.

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{_}InPathfinderOfficeagainexportC111315a.CORforthethirdtime:Thistimemakeanexportsetupnamed
AV_yis#3thatmakesashapefileinthesameUTMzonebutusesWGS84asthedatum.
{__}BackinArcView(youcanswitchbackandforthbetweenArcViewandPathfinderOfficesimplyby
clickingtheappropriatebuttonsontheStartbarorbyusingtheAltTab[orAltShiftTabcombination],copy
thenewshapefilegivingitthenameBoat_utm84_yis.shp.
{__}InArcView,makeanewviewandenlargeitswindow.Addthefollowingthemesfromfeaturedata
sources:
__:\GPS2GIS\RIVER_AV\EXPORT\Boat_utm27_yis.shp
_:\GPS2GIS\RIVER_AV\EXPORT\Boat_utm84_yis.shp
_:\GPS2GIS\RIVER\COLE_UTM
__:\GPS2GIS\RIVER\FORD_UTM
{__}MakeaGPStracktheactivetheme,andzoomtoactivethemes.Noticethelargedifferenceinthetwo
GPStracks.Measurehowmuchdisplaced(inmeters)fromeachothertheyareinanorthsouthdirection.
_______Howmuchinaneastwestdirection?______.YoucanusetheIdentifytooltodeterminewhichGPS
arcisnorthernmost.Whichisit?
{__}Thebanksoftheriverweredigitizedfromtopoquadsheets.Inwhichdatumwouldyousaythosesheets
weredeveloped?NAD27orNAD83(virtuallythesameasWGS84)?_________
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PROJECT6aC
{_}BackinPathfinderOffice,generatetheshapefilethatisanarcratherthanasequenceofpoints:Basically,
youwillrepeatPROJECT6aA,usingtheExportSetupAV_yis#1exceptthistimechoosethe"Onelineper
groupofNotinFeaturePositions"optionunderthe"Data"tab.UndertheAttributestab,selectLength(2D)and
Length(3D)asLineFeatureattributes.WhentheexportprocessisconductedforthisExportSetup,theGPS
fixeswillgenerateashapefileforanarc.InsteadofPosnPnt.shp,youwillgetPosnLine.shp.
{_}DisplayPosnLine.shpwithArcViewinanewview.Lookatthethemetable.Firstobservethatitisvery
dull(onlyonerecord)comparedwiththe(hardlyexciting)tablethatshowedeachpoint.Thetimegivenisthe
startingtimeofthefile.AlsolookatthetwocolumnsinthefilelabeledGps_lengthandGps_3dlength.
Gps_lengthisthesumofthesegmentdistances,infeet,oftheGPSarc,consideringonlythehorizontal
components(twodimensional)ofthecoordinatepoints.Gps_3dlengthisthesumofthelengthsofthesequence
oflinesthatconnectthethreedimensionalcoordinatepoints.Youwouldexpectittobelonger,butnotthat
muchlonger,unlesstheKentuckyRiverwasamajorwhitewaterriver.Thelargedifferenceisdue,actually,to
theGPSerrorsinrecordingtheheightsofthepointsthatmakeupthearc.
{__}UseManageDataSourcestocopythePosnLineshapefilemakethenewfilename"KYARC_yis"where
"yis"representsyourinitials.
Somepointstoconsider:Supposepositionshadbeencollectedevery30secondsontheboattrip,thepositions
wereextremelyaccurate,andtheboatstayedpreciselyinthemiddleoftheriver.Wouldthelengthofthetwo
dimensionalarc,asfoundinthethemetable,overstateorunderstatethelengthofthetrip?

PROJECT6aE
{__}EitherusethedatayoutookwhiletransportingtheGPSreceiverandantennainProject2A,orcollect
somenewdata.FindsomeGISdatathatcoversthesameareainwhichyoutooktheGPSdata.ConverttheGPS
datawiththeappropriateparameterstoanArcViewShapefileandviewitwithotherGISdata.
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