Islamic university-Gaza

Faculty of engineering
Civil engineering department
Surveying (1)

Report )3(

Setting out perpendicular lines by

using 'linear measurement tools'
and simple surveying devices

Group names :
120091883
120092395
120091718

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/
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120093007
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120092732

To Eng:
Ahmed F. Elhalaq

Day :Tuseday

Date:25/10/2010

Setting out perpendicular lines by using linear

measurement tools and simple surveying devices
Tools:
1- Ranging rod: see Fig(1).
2- Arrows: In our exercise we use nails as shown in Fig (2). .
3- Tape: see Fig(3) .
4- The prisma : It is a simple device Surveyors cylindrical shape with
four holes, glass and related to the Plumb, as shown in Fig (4).

Fig )
1( Rangin
g rod

Fig(2)

Fig(3)

Arrows

The tape

Fig(4) The
prisma

Methodology:
* we have four ways for ' setting out right angle
( Erecting & dropping prependicular lines ) :-

1)

Shortes distance ( dropping only ) .

2)

Equillateral triangle ( Dropping & erecting ).

3)

Pythogoras( Erecting only ).

4)

Prisma(Dropping & erecting).

1)

The shortest distance ( for dropping only):

1-Firstly we have to choose 2 ponits (A & B) randomly.

2-The second step in this way is to put
a point ( C ) above ( A & B).
3-Then, we present the line (AB) by a certain tape.
4-And, we calculate distances between C and AB randomly.
5-We move the tape to the right & left
until having the point ( C')
Between (A & B)
*See Fig(5) shown this method
Fig(5)
Shortest
distance

2)

Equilateral triangle (for dropping and erecting)

1-For dropping :
* As shown in Fig6
-We determine (A, B and C) as before and show (AB)
by the tape.
- We calculate two equal length from (CK)
and (CL) to AB.

Fig(6) Equilateral triangle

dropping

-Then we measure the length between (K& L).

-Finally we selected the point in the middle of (KL) exactly.

2-For erecting :
* As shown in Fig(7)

-We determine (A, B) as before.

-Then, we show the line (A, B) by one tape.
Fig(7 )Equilateral triangle
erecting

-We choose a point C on (AB).

-We determine two points (K and L) beside the point (C) at equal
length from C.
-After that we connect between K and L by another tape of
length taller than the distance between K and L.
-We pull that tape to up and when this tape became tensor we
stop and take this point (C) and connect CC'.
4

3)

Pythagoras theory (for erecting only)

* As shown in Fig(8)

- We selected (A, B) as the previous steps.

& , we present the line (AB) by one tape .

8m

-We choose a distance 4m from (A)

along (AB) to point(C).

-Then we connected between (A &C) by a

tape of length 8m
-We pull the tape at length 3m

Fig(8) Pythagoras
to theory
up.

-Finally we determined the point (D) at 3m up of (A)

comment:
-In this experiment we work in a large group so that the work
finish quickly but the work was interesting.
- The prisma was too small so it was hard to show features.
-The measuring by the tape was difficult in some parts.
- We did not use the prisma in the experiment so we didnt deal
with it in our report.