4.

Gestalt Psychology (Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Kohler)

* The school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into
wholes and to integrate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns.
* Gestalt (German word) pattern or organized whole which saw our
perceptions as whole that give meaning to parts.
* They believe that learning could be active and purposeful, not merely responsive
and mechanical.

5. Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud)

* The school of Psychology that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives
and conflicts as determinants of human behavior
* It aims to help patients gain insight into their conflicts and to find
socially acceptable ways of expressing wishes and gratifying needs.

1.

Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings.

In psychology the process of introspection relies exclusively on observation of one's
mental state, while in a spiritual context it may refer to the examination of one's soul.

1.

Observational Methods in psychological research entail theobservation and

description of a subject's behavior. Researchers utilizing the observational method can
exert varying amounts of control over the environment in which the observation takes
place.
Life history method
an interview which takes a structured approach to obtaining historical data about
events when evaluating an individuals current functioning.
LIFE-HISTORY METHOD: "One of the many interview styles, a life-history method will
gather information about the participants entire history whilst noting how their
function currently."

Psychology Dictionary: What is LIFE-HISTORY METHOD? definition of LIFE-HISTORY

METHOD (Psychology Dictionary)
Survey method
A survey is a data collection tool used to gather information about individuals.
Surveys are commonly used in psychology research to collect self-report data from
study participants. A survey may focus on factual information about individuals, or it
might aim to collect the opinions of the survey takers.
Experimental method

* A scientific method that seeks to confirm cause and effect relationships by

introducing independent variables and observing their effects on dependent variables
STATISTICAL METHODS FOR PSYCHOLOGY surveys the statistical techniques commonly used in
the behavioral and social sciences, especially psychology and education. To help students gain a
better understanding of the specific statistical hypothesis tests that are covered throughout the text,
author David Howell emphasize conceptual understanding. Along with a significantly updated
discussion of effect sizes and examples on how to write up the results of data analysis, this Sixth
Edition continues to focus students on two key themes that are the cornerstones of this books
success: the importance of looking at the data before beginning a hypothesis test, and the
importance of knowing the relationship between the statistical test in use and the theoretical
questions being asked by the experiment.