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Over the past three decades there has been much talked about, at all levels, the problem of climate change,
and the extent to which it is due to natural and/or anthropogenic factors.
Beyond this, however, it is an important question and that is could answer even assuming a competition to
both natural and artificial factors, is to keep in mind that the climate of our Planet, even in historical times, it has
undergone many significant and sometimes sudden changes, even when it was not possible to attribute to them an
important competition of human activities.
However a new fact with respect to the past centuries, and very important, is that the change currently
underway on Humanity could have a much greater impact than in the past. For example, when the oceans will increase
in level, will not be the most affected by this few million people living in small or medium-sized coastal towns, but
billions, and their migration towards more internal areas of the continents would appear as an exodus unprecedented in
history of Humanity. Another example, is that changes in climate are changing not only the agricultural productivity in
many regions of the Planet, but also the nutritional value of some cultivated species: in recent times has been
highlighted a significant fall in nutritional power of rice cultived in the Far East, which could result in a serious
nutritional deficit to two billion people.
It is of course necessary to provide for the anthropogenic component of climate change caused by the
introduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is limited to a minimum; but there are other important factors of
anthropogenic origin, which should be checked. Among these is the modification of the status of land cover.
In the world, especially in the last centuries, a major share of the forest cover has been destroyed to make
way for crops. Over time, such soils cultivated - especially in the last 50 years as a result of intensive farming
techniques - have been depleted; others have been affected by phenomena of contamination for industrial activities or
other.
A part of the land has undergone a process of desertification, although many desert areas have begun to
expand, presumably natural factors, in ancient times, as is the case of the North African and Arabic desert.
Currently, therefore, in the world we have vast desertified areas or whose fertility is drastically decreased.
About a quantification of these phenomena, it is rather uncertain, because different sources reported values
also very different. However, the values that are reported are the following:
14,9109 ha
4,4109 ha
0,71,6109 ha
30 %
8%
2,83,710 ha
22 %
4109 ha
27 %
3,95,2109 ha
31 %
2%
11 %
0,2610 ha
1,6910 ha
Gualiero A.N. Valeri Recovery of Agriculture and Biodiversity for the protection of the climate, Sanpetersburg, 23/11/2014 Lugano, 13/6/2015
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Gualiero A.N. Valeri Recovery of Agriculture and Biodiversity for the protection of the climate, Sanpetersburg, 23/11/2014 Lugano, 13/6/2015
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If we assumed to be able to restore a culturability or a forest cover over 50% of soils currently desert, and to
allocate a 50% of soil regenerated to reforestation and a 50% to agriculture, and recovering 50% of the current fallow
land at reforestation and a 50% to agriculture, we hope to reach a new situation like this:
Presently
8%
26 %
27 %
45 %
31 %
15 %
2%
2%
11 %
11 %
So we would have a tripling of its arable land - which would also solve the problem of global food scarcity
and over-exploitation of the soil - and a near doubling of woodlands, with a significant contribution to the recovery of
biodiversity.
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the Parliament of the Mediterranean/Environment Agency, are working together to launch a campaign first diagnostic
and environmental recovery of the Province of Bolvar (Ecuador), where deforestation and unsuitable farming
techniques, over the past five centuries, have produced the destruction of the original high altitude wood (now become
Paramo), the loss of soil fertility with an intense erosion, problems of toxicological and general health of the inhabitants
for resurgence of ancient volcanic ash of Chimborazo with absorption of heavy metals through food and through the
waters.
Gualiero A.N. Valeri Recovery of Agriculture and Biodiversity for the protection of the climate, Sanpetersburg, 23/11/2014 Lugano, 13/6/2015
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