Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Prepared By
E.BALAKRISHNAN. M.E.,
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION TO POWER PLANT AND BOILERS
1
List out the various conventional and non conventional power plant
Types of conventional power plant:
1. Hydro power plant
2. Steam power plant
3. Nuclear power plant
4. Gas turbine power plant
Types of non-conventional power plant:
1. Tidal power plant
2. Wind power plant
3. Geothermal power plant
4. Solar power plant
5. Wave power plant
6. MHD Generation
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What are the uses of air filter and superchargers in diesel engine power plant?
The purpose of air filter is to filter the air from dust and other suspended particles. The
purpose of super charger is to increase the pressure of the engine to increase power of
the engine.
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La Mont boiler
Benson boiler
Loffler boiler
Velox boiler.
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What are the assumptions made for air standard cycle analysis?
The working medium is a perfect gas throughout
The working medium Does not undergo any chemical change throughout cycle.
The compression and expansion process are reversible adiabatic.
The operation of the engine is friction less
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Explain Reservoir:
A reservoir may be natural, like a lake on a mountain or artificially built by erecting a dam
across a river.
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Define turbines:
A turbine converts energy in the form of falling water into rotating shaft power.
The
selection of best turbine for any particular site depends on the site characteristics.
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Part B
1. Draw the general layout of thermal power plant and explain the working of different circuits.
2. Sketch the layout of hydroelectric power plant and explain the functions of each component
in it. Discuss the advantages and limitations of this plant.
3. What are the factors to be considered while selecting a site for hydroelectric power plant?
4. Explain the Gas turbine power plant with neat sketch. Discuss the advantages of gas turbine
power plant.
5. Draw the layout of Diesel power plant.
6. Explain the construction and working of Nuclear power plant with a layout.
7. Draw the layout MHD open cycle generator and explain its functions of components.
8. Discuss the various factors to be considered while selecting the site for nuclear power station.
9. What are the advantages of reheat cycle over simple ranking cycle?
10. Draw a neat line diagram of Benson boiler and discuss its relative merits and demerits.
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UNIT II
STEAM POWER PLANT
1
In plant handling.
Transportation by rail
Transportation by road
Define the term Natural draught and what are the advantages of natural draught system?
The tall chimney creates the natural draught by the temperature difference between hot
gases in the chimney and cold atmospheric air outside the
chimney. The advantages are
No maintenance cost
Since the fan handles cold air, the fan size and the power required are less.
No need of water cooled bearings because the air being handled is cold air,
Pressure throughout the system is above atmospheric pressure so the air leakage into
the furnace is reduced.
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What is the use of pulveriser and name different types of pulverising mills?
The pulveriser is used to pulverize the coal in order to increase the surface exposure.
Pulverized coal enables rapid combustion. The different types of pulverizing mills are
1. Ball mill
2. Hammer mill
3. Ball and race mill.
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Open pressure
type
Closed pressure
type
Closed suction
type
2. Cyclone. Separators
3. Elector Static Precipitator (ESP)
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What are the advantages of induced draft cooling tower over forced draft cooling tower?
i. The outlet water comes in contact with the driest air and warmest water comes in
contact with most humid air.
ii. The re-circulation is seldom a problem.
iii. The first cost is low due to the reduction in pump power consumption.
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What are the factors that affect the rate of evaporation of water in cooling towers?
Amount of water surface area exposed
The time of
exposure
The RH of air
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How the atmospheric (or) natural draught cooling towers- are classified?
In atmospheric (or) natural cooling towers, the natural air provides the required
cooling without the use of fans. This is classified into three types.
1. Natural draft spray filled towers
2. Natural draft packed type towers.'
3. Hyperbolic cooling towers
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Controlling the dust within allowable limit. This can be done by increasing the
height of chimney thereby reducing the concentration
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Electrostatic precipitator
Cinder catcher
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What
is
meant
by
'Desulphurisation'
and
name
the
methods
adopted
for
desulphurisation?
De sulphurisation of fuel is the process of reducing the sulphur content in the fuel. The
following methods are adopted for desulphurization.
1. Chemical treatment
2. Forth flotation
3. Magnetic separation
Part B
1. Draw an explanatory line diagram of an ash handling system employed in steam power plants
and also explain the difficulties encountered in the handling of ash in a thermal power station.
2. Explain the principle involved in preparation of coal and what are the methods of
preparation?
3. What are the different types of pulverizing mills? Explain with its neat sketch.
4. How ash is handled in the power plant? Explain the ash handling system.
5. What are the methods used for pulverized fuel burning?
6. Explain the various draught systems with a neat sketch.
7. Explain the principle involved in design of chimney.
8. What are the different types of cooling towers? Explain with a neat sketch.
9. Explain the analysis of pollution from thermal power plants.
10. Differentiate between forced draught and induced draught system in cooling tower.
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UNIT III
NUCLEAR AND HYDEL POWER PLANT
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In this type, water is used as coolant, moderator and reflector water is cheap and
available in plenty)
It requires less number of control rods
PART B
1. Describes the boiling water reactor with the help of neat sketch and explain its chief
characteristics.
2. Explain the working of a typical fast breeder nuclear reactor power plant, with the help of
neat diagram.
3. What are the difference between a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant and boiling
water reactor nuclear power plant?
4. Explain with a neat sketch the indirect gas cooled reactor
5. Explain the principle of operation of sodium graphite reactor.
6. Derive an expression for the maximum hydraulic efficiency in a impulse turbine
7. Differentiate pelton wheel turbine with Francis turbine.
8. Compare radial flow and axial flow turbo machines.
9. Define specific speed of a turbine. Derive an expression for the specific speed.
10. Draw a layout of a typical micro hydro scheme and explain its working in detail.
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UNIT IV
DIESEL AND GAS POWER PLANT
1
is defined as:
.List the factors which affect the performance of gas turbine power plants.
1. Part load efficiency
2. Fuel consumption
3. Air mass flow rate
4. Thermal efficiency
5. Regeneration
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List the reason why the cooling system is necessary for a diesel engine.
1. To avoid determination of lubricating oil
2. To avoid damages and overheating of piston
3. To avoid uneven expansion which results in cracking
4. To avoid pre-ignition and detonation or knocking
5. To avoid reduction in volumetric efficiency and power output of the engine
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List the methods adopted for circulating the water in a cooling system.
1. Thermosipon cooling
2. Forced cooling by pump
3. Thermostat cooling
4. Pressurized water cooling
5. Evaporative cooling
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Define mean effective pressure as applied to gas power cycles. How it is related to indicated
power of an I.C engine
Mean effective pressure is defined as the constant pressure acting on the piston during the
working stroke. It is also defined as the ratio of work done to the stroke volume or piston
displacement volume
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pressure
heat
3.Isentropic
expansion
4..Constant
rejection
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pressure
heat
1. Draw and explain the layout of a modern diesel power plant showing the following systems.
a. Air Intake system
b. Cooling system
c. Fuel supply system
d. Lubrication system and
e. Exhaust system.
2. Describe the auxiliary equipments of a diesel engine power plant. what are the
disadvantages of this plant Hint: Auxiliary equipments are
a. Pneumatic starter b. Air compressor. c. Air conditions and d. coolant circulation
pump.
3. Explain the various types of cooling system used in diesel power plant.
4. Name and explain briefly the various types of fuel injection system.
5. Give the layout of diesel engine power plant. What are the advantages and disadvantages
of diesel power plants?
6. Describe briefly the commonly used starting system in large and medium size engines.
7. Derive an expression for air standard efficiency of Brayton cycle in terms of (i) compression
ratio and (ii) the pressure ratio.
8. Why is the Brayton cycle most suitable for gas turbine power?
9. Bring out the difference between the closed cycle and open cycle gas turbine power plants
10. Draw a neat diagram of a regenerative gas turbine and reheater and also explain it
working with a help of a p-v diagram.
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UNIT V
OTHER POWER PLANTS AND ECONOMICS OF POWER PLANTS
1
Maximum demand is the maximum load, which a consumer uses at any time.
1. Cost of land
2. Cost of building
3. Cost of equipment
4. Cost of installati6n
5. Interest
6. Depreciation cost
7. Insurance
8. Management cost
2. Cost of building
3. Cost of equipment
4. Cost of installati6n
5. Interest
6. Depreciation cost
7. Insurance
8. Management cost
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3.Enclosure
4.Tailvane
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1. Find the cost of generation per kW-hr from the following data.
a. Capacity of the plant - 120MW
b. Capital cost - Rs.1,200 per kW installed
c. Interest and depreciation - 10 %on capital
d. Fuel consumption - 1.2 kg / kW-hr.
e. Fuel cost - Rs. 40 tone
f. Salaries, wages, repairs and maintenance - 6, 00,000 / year
g. The maximum demand is 80 MW and load factor is 40 %.
2. A central power station has annual factors as follows:
a. Load factor = 60%
b. Capacity factor = 40%
c. Use factor = 45%
Power station has a maximum demand of 15,000kW.Determine; Annual energy production,
Reserve capacity over and above peak load, Hours per year not in service.
3. A power station has two 60MW units each running for 1500hours a year. The energy
produced per year is 700 x 106 kW-hr. Calculate the plant load factor and plant use factor.
4. Sketch and explain the two pool tidal power plant.
5. Describe with help of neat sketch the working of a solar thermal receiver system plant and
enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of concentrating collectors over flat plate
collectors.
6. Discuss the different system used for generating power using geothermal energy.
7. What do you understand by power plant economics? Explain the fixed costs and operating