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FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY

FINAL EXAMINATION
COURSE

APPLIED STATISTICS

COURSE CODE

BUM2413/BSU1023/BCT20531BPF3313/
BKU20321BAM3022

LECTURER

DR ROSLINAZAIRIMAII BINTI ZAKARIA

NOR HAFIZAH BINTI MOSLIM
AZLYNA BINTI SENAWI
MOHD RASHID BIN AB HAMID
NOR AZILA BINTI CHE MUSA
NOOR FADHILAH BINTI AHMAD RADI

DATE

5 JUNE 2012

DURATION

3 HOURS

SESSION/SEMESTER :

SESSION 2011/2012 SEMESTER II

PROGRAMME CODE :

BSB/BSK1BAAIBAE/BCNIBCG1BCS/BPPIBPT/
BPS/BFFIBFMIBKCIBKGIBKB/BMMIBM1/
BMBIBMF/BMAJBEE/BEP/BEC

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.
2.
3.
4.

This question paper consists of SEVEN (7) questions. Answer all questions.
All answers to a new question should start on new page.
All the calculations and assumptions must be clearly stated.
Candidates are not allowed to bring any material other than those allowed by
the invigilator into the examination room.

EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS:
Statistical Table
1.
Scientific Calculator
2.
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO
This examination paper consists of FIFTEEN(15) printed pages including front page.

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CONFIDENTIAL

QUESTION 1
An article in the Journal of Strain Analysis compares Karlsruhe and Lehigh methods for
predicting the shear strengths for steel plate girders. Data of these two methods, are
shown in Table 1.

Girder
Gi
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9

Karlsruhe
Method
1.186
1.151
1.322
1.339
1.200
1.402
1.365
1.537

1.559

Lehigh
Method
1.067
0.992
1.063
1.062
1.062
1.178
1.037
1.086
1.052

Table 1: Shear strengths for steel plate girders of two methods

(a)

Find the mean and standard deviation for the difference of methods in Table 1.
(3 Marks)

(b)

Find a 98% confidence interval for the mean difference in shear strengths between
Karlsruhe and Lehigh methods.
(4 Marks)

(c)

Is there any mean difference between the two methods? By assuming the data is
normally distributed, test the hypothesis at 5% level of significance.
(7 Marks)

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QUESTION 2
The variability in the thickness of the oxide layers is a critical characteristic of the
semiconductor wafers. Low variability of the oxide thickness is desirable for subsequent
processing steps. Two different mixtures of gases are being studied to determine whether
one is superior in reducing the variability of the oxide thickness. Twenty one wafers are
etched in each gas. For gas A, the mean of oxide thickness is 10.05 angstroms and
standard deviation is 1.96 angstroms while for gas B the mean is 13.22 angstroms and
standard deviation is 2.13 angstroms.

(a)

Find a 98% confidence interval for population mean for mixture of gas B and give
the interpretation of the parameter estimate.
(5 Marks)

(b)

Determine whether the two mixtures of gases have different in variability of oxide
layers thickness at the 0.1 level of significance.
(8 Marks)

(c)

Can we conclude that the mean mixture of gas A is not more than gas B at 10%
significance level? Your assumption of the condition of population variances is
based on your answer in (b).
(8 Marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL

QUESTION 3
A researcher wishes to see whether there is any difference in the weight gains of athletes
following one of three special diets. Athletes are randomly assigned to three groups and
placed on three different diets for six weeks. The weight gains (kg) are shown below.

Type of diet
Diet
Diet
Diet

Weight Gains (kg)

2
4
1

Table 2: Weight gains (kg) for different type of diets

(a)

How many treatments involved in the experiment?

(1 Mark)

(b)

Based on the data in Table 2, is there any treatment effect between the type of
diets at 5% level of significance?
(16 Marks)

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QUESTION 4

(a)

What is the different between simple linear regression and multiple linear
regression?
(1 Mark)

(b)

A fitted simple linear regression equation is given by j 12.9 + 2.34x where

n=1O, S,=929.98 and S=389.93.
(i)

Calculate the value of correlation coefficient, r and comment on the

value.
(4 Marks)

(ii)

Complete the ANOVA table below and test the hypothesis that the
linearity of the regression line at a = 0.05 significance level.

Source of
variation

Sum of squares

Degrees of
freedom

Mean of
squares

F lest

Regression
Residual
Total

929.98
Table 3: ANOVA
(12 Marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL

QUESTION 5
A study was performed to investigate the car performance for car models produced by the
U.S., Japan, Germany and Sweden between 1978 and 1979. The fuel mileage in
kilometers per liter is believed to be related to car weight (in thousand kilograms), driveratio and horsepower. A multiple regression analysis is conducted to determine the
multiple linear regression equation which gives the best fit to the data. The following
show the Excel outputs of the multiple regression analysis for the study.

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
0.9031
Multiple R
0.8155
RSquare
0.8104
Adjusted R Square
2.9508
Standard Error
38!
Observations
ANOVA
1
36
37

Residual
Total

SignficanceF
8.88939E-15!

1293.5156 1293.5155 159.1610

8.12711
292 5752
1586.0908;

Lower 95%

Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%

52.1665.7:
-7.0199

447452
-9.7093.

52 6697
-7.0199

447452
-9.7093!

0.0000;
0.0000

249311
-12.5159

19537
0.6630

4871
-8.36.

P-value

tStat

Coefficients Standard Error

Intercept
Weight

MS

SS

df
Regression

SUMMARY OUTPUT:

Regression Statistics
Multiple
RSquare
Adjusted RSquare
Standard Error
.
Observations

0.4172
0.1741
01511
6.0323
38.

..

.
.

ANOVA

df
Regression
Residual
Total

1:
36
37

276.1009
13099899
15860908

Coefficients . Standard Error

Intercept

8.44

Drive Ratio

5.28

MS

SS

6.0065
1.9158

276.1009
353886

tStat

7.5876:

I P-value

1.4046
2.7546.

0.1687
0.0092

Significance F
0.0092

..

. Upper95% Lower95.0% Upper 95.0%

-3.7453
20.6181!
20.5181
-3.7453
9.1624
1.39171
1.3917
9.1524.

Lower 95%

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CONFIDENTIAL

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics

0. 8713
0.7591
0.7524
3.2.1576:
38

'MultipleR
RSquare
re
Adjusted RS
Standard Error
Observations
:ANOVA

df

Regression
Residual
Total

Coefficients Standard Error

2.1270
0.0203

46.71!
-0.22

Intercept
Horsepower

Significance

MS

SS

1204.0530: 1204.0530 113.45<38,

332.0377 10.61211
15860908

1
36
37

1.11961E-12!

La wer 95%

P-value

tStat

21.9587
-10.6517

0.6000
0.0000;

42.3928
-0.2568!

Upper95% Lower95.0% Upper95.0%

42.3928
-0.2568

51.0205
-0.1746

51.0205
-0.1746

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple
R Square
Adjusted Rsquare
Standard Error
Observations

0.9858!
0.8945:
0.6885
2.1864
38:
.

ANOVA

df
Regression
Residual
Total

:
:

2!
35
37

70.92
-10.83!
-4.90!

MS

SS

Coefficients

Intercept
Weight
Drive Ratio

Signficonce F:

1418.7830: 709.3915! 148.4014; 8.04992E-18:

..
167.3079, 4.7802,
1536.0908
.
Standard Error

P-value

tStcit

4.5904: 15.4495
0.7006! -15.4610!
0.9566; -5.1191 ;

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

Lower 95%

51.6001,
-12.2538
-6.8392.

Upper 95%

80.2380
-9.4093;
-2.9551

tower95.0% . Upper 95.0%

61.6001
-12.2538
_6.8392

80.2330
-9.4093
19551

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CONFIDENTIAL

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
0.9G951
Multiple R
0.82721
RSquare
0.8173:
Adjusted R Square
27986
Standard Error
38
Observations

ANOVA

df

SS

Coefficients Standard Error

1.9240
4894
1.6338
-6.06.
0.0437
-0.07

Intercept
Weight
Horsepower

MS

83.7553

1311 9559 655.9830i

78321
2741249
1586.0908.

2.
35
37

Regression
Residual
Total

P-value
tStat
0 0000
254379
0.0007
-3.7119
0.1338,
-1.5348;:

Significance

14
4.55362&14

Upper95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%

Lower 95016
528479
450361
52.8475
45.0361:
2.7477
-9.3814
-2.7477
-9.3814:
0.0216.
-0.15571
0.0216
-0.1557

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple
RSquare
Adjusted R Square
Standard Error
Observations

08793
07732
07602
3.2051
38.

ANOVA

df
Regression
Residual
Total

Intercept
Drive Ratio
Horsepower

2
35
37

MS
SS
1226.3751 613.1875
359.7157 10.2776
1586.0908

Coefficients iStandard Error

5 7676
54.63
1.2597E
1 86
0.0247
-0.24.
i

SignficanceF:
F
5.29113E-12
59.6626

P-value
tStat
9.4714
00000
0.1495
-1.4737 :
0.0000
-9.6157

Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%

Lower 95%
663359
42 9182
56 3359
42 9182
07009
44140
0.7009,:
-4.4140,
-0.1871.
-0.2872.
-0.1871
-0.2872

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CONFIDENTIAL

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics

Multiple R
Rsquare
Adjusted R Square
Standard Error
Observations

0.9482
0.8991
0.8902
2.1595
38

ANOVA
3
34
3T

70.28
928
472
-0.04:

Significance F

1426.0575 475.3525 1 100.9914i

150.0333 4.7069:
1585.0908

Coefficients : Standard Error

Intercept
Weight
Drive Ratio
Horseoower

MS

SS

df

Regression
Residual
Total

tStat

P4'alue

4.5838: 15.3326i
14255 65133
09595 49234
0.0342; -1.2432 :

0.0000
00000
0.0000 !

5.26413E17

Lower 95%

60.96611
121813
-6.6736;
-0.11211

Upper 9556 Lower 95.0% 1 Upper95.0%

79.5969
63875
-2.7739

60.9561
121813
-6.67361
-0.1121;

Based on the given Excel outputs, answer the following.

(a)

State the response and predictor variables?

(2 Marks)

(b)

Extract the relevant informations and summarize your results in a table.

(7 Marks)

(c)

Hence, determine the best regression equation for predicting the mileage (kilometer
per liter) value.
(2 Marks)

IN

79.5969
63876
27739
0.0270

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CONFIDENTIAL

QUESTION 6
The goals scored per match by MyKid football team gave the following results:

Number of goals per match

Number of matches

1
IL_L 18
0

3 1 4
2
29 1 18 1 10

7
1

Table 4: Goals scored in all football matches

Test whether the number of goals per match follows a Poisson distribution at 10%
significance level.
(12 Marks)

QUESTION 7
In a study of the television viewing habits of children, a developmental psychologist
selects a random sample of 300 primary students; 100 boys and 200 girls. Each student is
asked which of the following TV programs they preferred most; Word World, Dibo the
Gift Dragon or Mickey Mouse Clubhouse. Results are shown in Table 5 below.

Boys
Girls
Column total

Viewing Preferences
Mickey Mouse
Dibo the Gift
Word World
Clubhouse
Dragon
20
30
50
70
80
50
90
110
100

Row total
100
200
300

Table 5: TV program viewing preferences

At a = 0.01, is there enough evidence to support the claim that the proportions of
viewing preferences for boys are equal for each of the three TV programs?
(8 Marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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CONFIDENTIAL

Appendix - Table Of Formulas

Confidence Intervals, Sample Sizes and Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis testing for p

Confidence intervals for p

I.

x_z

a/ 7;
2

X - Z

Xt

X+Zai7=J

, X + Za/2

Ztt/T

Ztest

7J

a12vJ_ , X+ta/2v_j=J

where

ttest =

v=n-1

Hypothesis testing for A . -

Confidence intervals for du - 4u2

i2),u0
2

Ztest

JcY22
cT

Foro^o:

Foro-^o:

(i 2)u0

____
Zte

fl

11

L
2

111

fl2

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CONFIDENTIAL

For o

For o

#
2)u0

F2

Vi

12

2\

where v

n1

n2 )

n2

n)

n1-1

S2 2

n2-1

For o = o:

o- :

Ztest =

For cr

2s\2

n2)
n2 -1

'2

In1

where v =

12 1fl2
ni)
n1 -1

41+
V'i

X2)tai2v /L+L

I (

For o

ttest

)Z

12 sj-_-+_1_

x2)P0

J
For cr = o:

(yi

2)ta12v

test

where v-n1 +n2 -2

where

ri^ + n2

v=n1+n2-2

Pooled estimator, s

/(n-1)s+(n2-1)s
n1+n2-2
Hypothsis Testing for PD

Confidence Interval for PD

d _z/iTd

,,,Fn
ttest

S D

t\

SD)

Za//=s +Za/T)

12

d-,u D
SD/'.I

where v = n -1

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CONFIDENTIAL

n-I

f'

a/2,n1

Hypothesis testing for 7r

Confidence intervals for ir

[JP(1_P) ,

-_______
Ztest
1-7r0)

p+ai2ifr(1_
]

Confidence intervals for 7t1

Hypothesis testing for it1 - it2

7t2

If ,r

[(p1 _p2)Za12

(1

)+

(p, p2 )r0

0 1 Zt.,

= o,

___________
it1 (1irk ) 92(1-7r2)

Z. =

+ n2

PP (I --PP
F

where pp=

x1 + x 2
fl1 + fl2

Hypothesis testing for a2

Confidence intervals for a2

((n_1 )s 2 (n _l)s2
II X.2
' 2
k

(n-1)s

Z1-a/2,v )

/2,

where

II

Zest

co

v=n-1

Hypothesis testing for

Confidence intervals for

U2

1
2

S2 faizvi,v2

where

' S2 2

fa12

V2 V1 I
)

v1 =nj 1
v2= fl2 1

.test - 2
S2

Sample sizes
n = ['

n=p(1_p)2-J

0 J2

13

a2

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CONFiDENTIAL

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Two-way ANOVA

One-way ANOVA

SST =
k

SST = >jx

ar

1=1 j1 k=1

1
__x2

H jl

1
___x2

SSA =--x2
br 1=1 '

abr
___x2

SSB= - x.
ar 1
11

fl

iab

ar
1

SSAB=--x2' -------x2 SSASSB

abr
r
1=1 j1

SSE = SST SSA SSBSSAB

SSE = SSTSS(Tr)

Goodness of Fit Test and Contingency Tables

Test using Contingency Tables

Goodness of Fit Test

n,.
1.

E.
2' (0 i E)
L4
1=1

fl

Xtest _

Free distribution DoF; v = ki

Hypothesized distribution DoF;

c(O_E)

ZtSt
V

=k - p 1

Ejj

where v_( r - 1)(c 1)

Simple Linear Regression and Correlation

Simple Linear Regression and Correlation
r-

[Exi)t i J
S,=x1y1 '
i=1

Regression line equation: 5' =

.'jsxxs.y
SXY

[nJ2
______

S=Jx '
1=1

S,=y
fl

1=1

and

+/3 x where /3 =
xx

14

fl = -

1=1

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Hypothesis Testing for Slope, /3

Hypothesis Testing for Intercept, '80

ttest

s.e(flo)

_i-i
s.e(i)

y2
F
MSR- !+T

FMSR-

Sum of Squares Regression,

Mean Square Residual, MSReS

SSR

MSRes_[

SSR/31SXY

15

n-2