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7. Which of the following does not contribute to maintaining low levels of calcium in resting nerve
cells?
a. Voltage-gated potassium channels
b. The plasma membrane calcium ATPase
c. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase
d. The sodium-calcium exchanger
e. Mitochondria
8. Which of the following is a second messenger whose activity is terminated by a phosphatase?
a. calcium.
b. cAMP.
c. cGMP.
d. inositol trisphosphate.
e. diacylglycerol.
9. Which of the following signaling pathways does not directly involve calcium?
a. Ryanodine receptor
b. IP3 receptor
c. cGMP
d. Phospholipase C
e. Calmodulin
10. Which of the following was the invention (by Roger Tsien) that enabled the first precise spatial and
temporal measurements of intracellular calcium dynamics?
a. Voltage clamp
b. Fura-2
c. Calcium green
d. GFP
e. Channel rhodopsin
11. Which of the following statements about protein kinasebased signaling is false?
a. Serine and threonine kinases are typically activated by second messengers.
b. Tyrosine kinases are typically activated by extracellular signals.
c. Each protein kinase has one specific target protein that it phosphorylates.
d. The effects of protein kinases can be balanced by protein phosphatases.
e. Thousands of protein kinases are expressed in the brain.
12. The kinase that is activated by a lipid is
a. protein kinase A.
b. protein kinase C.
c. protein kinase G.
d. CaM kinase II.
e. CaM kinase IV.
13. Which of the following is not integral to the functioning of protein kinases?
a. Hydrolysis of GTP prior to association of regulatory and catalytic domains
b. Reliance on functionally distinct roles of the different domains
c. Binding of one or more messengers to a regulatory domain
d. Inhibition of a catalytic domain by a regulatory domain
e. Activation of a catalytic domain via a protein conformational change