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2.

1 UNDERSTANDING BODY COORDINATION

Central
Nervous
system

Nervous

Brain
Spinal
Cord

system
Peripheral
Nervous
system
Body
Coordination

Endocrine

Cranium
Cranial
Nerve

Pituitary
Gland

Growth
Hormone

Thyroid
gland

Thyroxin

Adrenal Gland

Adrenaline

System
Pancreas
Testes/Ovari
es

Insulin
Oestrogen/progesteron
e

Brain

2.2 HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM

Central
Nervous
System

Human
Nervous
System

Spinal
Cord
Cranial
Nerve

Peripheral
Nervous
System

Somatic
Nervous
System

Autonomic
Nervous
System

Spinal
Nerve

Central Nervous System

Central Nervous
system

Brain
Control
voluntary

Spinal Cord
Control
involuntary
action

actions
Examples:

Reflex action

Walking

Touching hot
objects

Reading

2.3 NERVOUS COORDINATION The relationship between receptors, neurones and effectors

Stimulu
s

Recepto
rs

Sensory
neurones

Central Nervous
System

In sensory
organs

Conduct
impulses
to the
central
nervous
system

The brain and


the spinal cord

Receive stimuli
and generate
Respons
e

Connect by
relay neurones

Effectors

Motor
Neurones

Muscle
s or
glands

Conduct
impulses
from the
central
nervous
system

REFLEX ACTION - touching hot object

Stimulu
s
A sharp
object

Pain
receptors

Receive
stimulus
and
stimulate

Sensory
neurone

Relay
neurone

Impulses are
sent to the
spinal cord
along the
sensory

Conduct
impulses
to the
motor

Effector
(biceps)

The
biceps
contracts
and move

Motor
neurone

Conduct
impulses
to the
effector

2.4 PROPRIOCEPTORS

2.6 HORMONAL COORDINATION

ENDOCRINE GLAND
Insulin

Pituitary

Growth
hormonone

Master gland

Thyroxine
Thyroid
Control
metabolic rate
Regulates
growth and
body

Adrenaline
Adrenal
Increases the
blood glucose
level
Increases
heartbeat
Increases

Oestrogen
Ovaries
Progesterone
Promotes and
maintain the
development of
secondary
female sex

Testosterone
Promotes
Testes
and
maintain the
developmen
t of
secondary
male sex
characteristi

Stimulates the
change of
glucose to
glycogen
Pancreas
Glucagon
stimulates the
change of
glycogen to
glucose

EFFECTS OF HORMONAL IMBALANCE

Gigantism

Growth
hormone

Higher
metabolic rate

Thyroxine

Irritability

Excessive
Insulin
Oestrogen
and
Testosteron
progesterone

of
hormones

Increase
heartbeat
Hypoglycaemi
Overdeveloped
a
of female
secondary
sexual

Overdeveloped
of male
secondary sexual
characteristics

EFFECTS OF HORMONAL IMBALANCE

Dwarfism

Growth
hormone

Low metabolic
rate

Thyroxin

Goitre
Creatisim

Shortage

Insulin

Of

Oestrogen
Testosteron
and
e

Hormones

Diabetes
Not
well
mellitus
Not well
developed of
developed of
female secondary
male secondary
sexual

2.7 COORDINATION BETWEEN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE ENDCRINE SYSTEM

Nervous coordination involves nervous system

Effector

(sensory Organs)

Central
nervous
system

Impulses travel
along sensory
neurone

Impulses travel
along motor
neurone

Muscle or
glands

Receptor

Hormonal coordination involves endocrine system


l

Target organs

Circulatory
system

Endocrine
glands

Hormone released
Hormones
to the
transport AND
by theTHE ENDOCRINE
COMPARISON
BETWWEEN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
bloodstream
blood
SYSTEM THE
ENDRO

Fast
respond

Message
send by
Muscle or
impulse
glands will
respond

(heart, lungs ,liver,


etc.)
Slow
respond

Respond
to a
stimulus

NERVOU
S
SYSTEM

Similariti
es and
Control
coordinate
body
function

ENDOCRI
NE
SYSTEM

Message
send by
hormone
Liver,
heart,
lungs

2.8 EFFECTS OF DRUGS

Depressants
Tranquilisers

Inhalants

Barbiturates

Glue
Paint

Type of
drugs

Stimulants
Amphetamin
es
Caffeine

Hallucinoge
ns

Narcotics

Cannabis

Heroine

Marijuana

Morphine

EFFECTS OF HORMONAL IMBALANCE

Tranquiliser
s

Decrease
stress
Increase
metabolic rate

Barbiturate
Amphetamin
es

Stay
awake/stay
active

Caffeine

Cannabis
Marijuana
LSD

Effects
of
drugs

Hallucinatio
Hallucination
n
Relieve pain
Depression

Induce sleep
Brain damage

Heroine
Morphine
Codeine
2.9 EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL

Glue

Paint
Brain damage

Stomach
ulcer

Rapid aging
Coma

Heart disease
High blood
pressure

The effects of
excessive
consumption
of alcohol

Liver
inflammation
Liver scarring

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