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Published by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association | www.NEMA.org | July 2015 | Vol. 20 No. 7
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Connectivity
Inside:
n Resilience in Community Settings
n Industry-Wide Power Transformers Group Addresses Resiliency
n New Collaboration Effort Guides Direction of Grid 3.0
n Energy + Water Strengthens Both
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please contact ULHELPS@ul.com or call 1.877.ULHELPS (1.877.854.3577)
CONTENTS
FEATURES
Connected SystemsThe Big Picture.....................................................................................................7
Community Resilience Planning Guide for Buildings and Infrastructure Systems.......................................8
Transaction-Based Controls for Building-Grid Integration: VOLTTRON...................................................11
Industry-Wide Power Transformers Group Addresses Resiliency..............................................................14
New Collaboration Effort Guides Direction of Grid 3.0.............................................................................16
Top Nine Reasons Why DC May Replace AC..............................................................................................18
Energy + Water Strengthens Both........................................................................................................20
Surge Protective DevicesKey Components in Building Electrical Infrastructure....................................22
Published by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association | www.NEMA.org | July 2015 | Vol. 20 No. 7
Connectivity
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ECO BOX
Electroindustry text and cover pages are printed using SFI-certified Anthem paper using soy ink.
SFI fiber sourcing requirements promote responsible forest
management on all suppliers lands.
SFI works with environmental, social and industry partners to
improve forest practices in North America.
The SFI certified sourcing label is proof Electroindustry is using
fiber from responsible and legal sources.
Inside:
n
electroindustry
electroindustry (ISSN 1066-2464) is published monthly by NEMA, the Association of Electrical Equipment and Medical Imaging
Manufacturers, 1300 N. 17th Street, Suite 900, Rosslyn, VA 22209; 703.841.3200. FAX: 703.841.5900. Periodicals postage paid at
Rosslyn, VA, and York, PA, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to NEMA, 1300 N. 17th Street,
Suite 900, Rosslyn, VA 22209. The opinions or views expressed in electroindustry do not necessarily reflect the positions of NEMA
or any of its subdivisions.
Subscribe to ei, the magazine of the electroindustry, at www.nema.org/subscribe2ei
Contact us at comm@nema.org
Follow NEMA:
Newsmakers
NOTES
NEMA Officers........................................................................................................................................................................................3
Comments from the C-Suite..................................................................................................................................................................3
View from the Top..................................................................................................................................................................................4
We Are NEMA......................................................................................................................................................................................32
Coming in August................................................................................................................................................................................32
DEPARTMENTS
Government Relations Update................................................................................................................5
High-Performance Buildings Council Takes to Capitol Hill for Lobby Day............................................................................................5
Two-Step for Trade Bills in House..........................................................................................................................................................5
NEMA Highlights Need for Minerals in Manufacturing........................................................................................................................5
A New Approach to Combat Foreign Trade-Secret Theft......................................................................................................................6
Electroindustry News...........................................................................................................................24
Nominate Electroindustry Leaders for Falk, Kite & Key Awards..........................................................................................................24
ESFI Emphasizes Safety during Severe Weather.................................................................................................................................25
IDEA Announces Compliance within Data Certification Program......................................................................................................25
Fire Safety Expert Isaac Papier Honored for Service............................................................................................................................25
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Clear customs
Participate in business development missions
Get answers to your questions
Officers
Chairman
Don Hendler
President & CEO
Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc.
First Vice Chairwoman
Maryrose Sylvester
President & CEO
GE Lighting
Second Vice Chairman
Michael Pessina
President
Lutron Electronics Company, Inc.
Treasurer
Thomas S. Gross
Vice Chairman & COO
Eaton Corporation
Immediate Past Chairman
John Selldorff
President and CEO
Legrand North America
President & CEO
Kevin J. Cosgriff
Secretary
Clark R. Silcox
View
Energy Resilience is a Military Necessity
Dennis McGinn, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Energy, Installations and Environment
The architects of
our Constitution
recognized the
inherent value of
the United States
Navy and Marine
Corps. Article 1,
Section 8, gives
Congress the
responsibility to provide and maintain
a Navy, because our Founding Fathers
knew that the nation needed a naval
force to operate continuously in war
and peace.
On June 12, the House approved (240190) the Trade Facilitation and Trade
Enforcement Act. This legislation
authorizes and reforms the trade
facilitation functions of U.S. Customs
and Border Protection (CBP), including
two NEMA priorities: implementation
of the single window concept for
trade compliance filings and provisions
to combat importation of counterfeit
goods. On the latter, the bill requires
CBP to share images and allows CBP
to share samples of imports the agency
has detained based on suspicion that the
goods violate intellectual property rights
of U.S. companies. The Senate and House
bills agree on NEMAs priority items,
but differ on other provisions that must
Connected Systems
The Big Picture
Ryan Franks, NEMA Senior Program Manager for Connected Systems
Level Description
Properties
Manual operation
No observability, no controllability. The thing has no awareness of its own operating state and all monitoring, control, and actuation are external. Any signaling
that requires direct human presence is Level Zero.
Electronic digital
communications
Local state awareness with remote reporting capability and/or remote actuation. The ability to signal/transmit beyond the physical boundary of the thing is Level
1. The reporting must be able to be passed via electronic digital communications to another device. Level 1 devices increase observability of the system but all
status verification and decision making are executed via a means external to the device itself.
Self-actuation, basic
automation
Local control. Local measurements are used by the thing for its own actuation. Simple, closed-loop controllers are examples of devices of Level 2.
Self-optimization, adaptive
behavior
Awareness of a desired operating state. The thing will pursue actions in order to adjust its performance with respect to that state. Independent local decision
making characterizes this level as the thing reconfigures itself in order to obtain its optimal performance parameters.
Collaboration
Hierarchical operating states and networked intelligence. Beyond self-optimization, the sphere of influence at this level involves two or more things functioning
jointly in order to obtain a desired system state. A key function in terms of interoperability at this level is a common semantic framework.
Automated analysis. Operational goals and plans to achieve them are generated by a network of things. This includes any system-wide application of advanced
control technologies, including algorithms that will analyze, diagnose, and predict conditions and take appropriate actions to adapt to a state.
www.nema.org/Policy/Energy/Smartgrid/Documents/Levels_of_Intelligence_White_Paper.pdf
Community Resilience
Planning Guide for Buildings
and Infrastructure Systems
Stephen Cauffman, Manager, Community Resilience Program, (NIST)1
very community in the United States faces the risk of natural, humancaused, or technological hazards. While most hazards do not rise to the
level of extreme events, natural hazards often inflict significant economic
losses and disruption to lives and commerce due to damage to buildings and
infrastructure systems.
Our infrastructure and buildings have dependencies that
affect the time required to recover from a disruptive event.
Buildings and infrastructure systems, such as water, wastewater,
and communications, rely on electric power to function.
Dependencies among the transportation systems, liquid fuels,
and the electrical power grid can affect the rate at which power
is restored following an outage. Identifying and understanding
the importance of social and economic functions and the
dependencies that exist among the social functions and
buildings and infrastructure systems allows for proper planning
and implementation of practices or improvements that lead to
greater resilience.
To address this problem, the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) developed a Community Resilience
Program. The first major deliverable under this program,
the Community Resilience Planning Guide for Buildings and
Infrastructure Systems (Guide), was released as a draft for public
comment on April 27, 2015. The Guide benefits from input
from a broad range of stakeholders and experts, including the
NIST Disaster Resilience Fellows and participants in a series
of workshops that informed the development of the Guide. The
final document will be released around September 2015.
The Guide is intended for implementation by communities
with local government as the logical convener of the relevant
stakeholders, from individual community members and
organizations to building owners, utility owners and operators,
business and industry, and state and federal government
agencies. It recognizes that no one entity can address resilience
by itself. The Guide lays out a practical approach based on the
principle that by establishing a shared set of goals aiming to
maintainor quickly restoreimportant social and economic
functions, communities can plan and undertake improvements
in the ways buildings and infrastructure systems are built,
maintained, and operated so that resilience improves over time.
Step-by-Step Guidance
The Guide is organized into two volumes. Volume 1 contains
the methodology for developing a community resilience plan
and includes a worked example for resilience planning in a
fictional town. Volume 2 serves as a resource document and
provides guidance on characterizing the social environment,
addressing dependencies and cascading effects, and buildings
and individual infrastructure systems.
Flexibility is Key
The Guide does not specify technologies or measures that can
or should be implemented but allows for selection of solutions
that fit the goals and available resources of the community. It is
intended to be flexible, so that it may be applied to communities
of varying sizes, complexity, and available resources and allows
for the application of innovative technical solutions to address
resilience gaps.
The Guide is one element of a larger NIST program to
provide guidance and tools to improve the resilience of local
communities. NIST plans to convene a stakeholder group,
called the Disaster Resilience Standards Panel, to inform future
versions of the Guide and the implementation guidelines.
NISTs work also involves development of tools to measure
resilience at the community-scale and to support decisions on
measures to improve resilience. These efforts are supported by
a multi-institution Center of Excellence, led-by Colorado State
University. The new NIST-funded center will develop modeling
approaches and data architectures needed to develop and validate
tools that can be widely used to measure community resilience. ei
Mr. Cauffman manages the Community Resilience Program
within the Engineering Laboratory at NIST.
To realize the vision of energy efficiency and collaborative operation with the
electric system and third party service providers, interoperability of equipment
and systems must be improved. DOE and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
are working with industry stakeholders to define a vision for buildings
connectivity that inspires the way equipment from multiple manufacturers can
integrate and operate. By moving beyond the multiple communications protocols
to common ways of expressing information in buildings, business processes can
enable the building apps of the future.
Reference implementation platforms, such as VOLTTRON, are important for
demonstrating the characteristics of interoperability desired and aligning
stakeholders on a roadmap of prioritized steps toward deployment. ei
Buildings Interoperability Landscape Draft, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,
PNNL-24089, February, 2015. energy.gov/eere/buildings/downloads/technical-meeting-buildingsinteroperability-vision
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VOLTTRON Security
VOLTTRON uses a threat model approach for determining threats and
vulnerabilities and how to reasonably reduce the attack surface and/or harm
after a compromise. Initial versions (VOLTTRON 1.0 and 2.0) focused on:
protecting the integrity of agent programming through cryptographic means
protecting agents from using excessive system resources to prevent
platform instability
protecting agent configuration from manipulation
securing communications between VOLTTRON platforms and
external data sources
securing communications between platform instances, including
agent transfers
VOLTTRON 3.0, scheduled for release in September 2015, will improve agent
trust and integrity, including agent message authentication, encryption, and
full agent containerization or sandboxing. These features include:
Linuxoperating systems to take advantage of built-in security features,
such as powerful file system permissions, user management, Linux
capabilities configuration, control groups, and a first-class firewall
remote resource access utilizing the latest versions of TLS/SSL
protocols with the largest key size available to both endpoints. Within
VOLTTRON,OpenSSLis used for TLS/SSL encrypted links; the systems
OpenSSL libraries are kept as up-to-date as possible to prevent
vulnerabilities such as HeartBleed
remoteMQsockets usingCurveZMQelliptical curve encryption for
multi-platform communication
Linux control groups CPU and memory subsystems to limit excessive
processor and memory usage
platform control (Unix domain) socket utilizing a mixture of file permissions
and access control lists to limit access to authorized users
peer reviewed code for correctness and security
signed and verified agent code and packages using RSA encryption with
x509 certificates; unsigned code is not executed unless explicitly allowed by
the administrator ei
13
14
ver the past decade, NEMAs Transformer Section has largely focused
on distribution transformer energy-efficiency standards. Distribution
transformers are used on all electric distribution circuits to covert higher
primary voltages (typically 12,000V, 19,900V, and 34,500V) down to lower
voltages (such as 480V, 240V, and 120V) that are used in commercial and
residential buildings as well as most industrial plants. The efficiency of these
distribution transformers is regulated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
cybersecurity
energy efficiency
These and many other issues were
discussed. Following discussion, the
committee selected four key issue areas to
pursue, or continue to pursue:
15
Utilities are
responsible for
reliability
but with the
increased
deployment
of distributed
energy resources,
they dont
necessarily own or
control the assets. As
new players become
involved in the operation
of the grid, there needs to
be clear roles, responsibilities
and accountabilities.
NEMA Assistant Vice President John Caskey, who also is the secretary of
the SGIP Board of Directors, moderated the Enabling New Entrants and
Innovation session at the Grid 3.0 workshop.
16
Serving on the panel were (from the left) Phil Davis, Schneider Electric;
Patrick Hughes, NEMA; and Brent Hodges, Innovari. Photos by Don Von Dollen
<?>
ei
The presentations that were made during the panel sessions and video recordings of several sessions
can be found at https://www.pointview.com/e/983.
Materials from the webinar can be found at: sgip.org/webinars(webinar section on the website);
sgip.org/SGIP/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000001714/May12_GRID3_webinar_final2.pdf
(pdf of webinar); and https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/recording/4774913284070850561
(Recording of webinar)
<?>
17
Power of DC
Solar plant PNM Prosperity project in New Mexico includes energy storage in upper right.
Photo courtesy of S&C Electric Company
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20
1
2
3
21
egress illumination
Emergency Systems
A new section requiring surge protection has been added to
the National Electrical Code (NEC) 700.8; Article 700 covers
emergency systems. These systems cover illumination and
power for essential equipment such as emergency lighting for
egress. Emergency systems cover safety for human life where
legally required by municipalities, state agencies, federal
agencies, or local governments having jurisdiction.
A distinction is drawn between Articles 700 and 708 Critical
Operations Power Systems in that Article 708 requires systems
to be continuously operated throughout an emergency. The new
addition to Article 700 is 700.8 Surge Protection, which states:
A listed SPD shall be installed in or on all emergency systems
switchboards and panelboards.1
The intent of the new requirement is to illustrate the need
for continued surge protection throughout emergency power
distribution when critical power is required. Too often surge
protection is installed at the service entrance only, with little
regard for the critical requirements of life safety systems. It does
not promote effective egress when the emergency system does
not function due to damage from a transient event.
Missing Guidance
What the code does not include is guidance on what size and
type of surge protection must be used. What are appropriate
guidelines in setting the correct levels of surge protection to
address this new code requirement?
Article 700.8 does not state a surge current rating for the SPD,
nor are there any size recommendations provided elsewhere in
the NEC.
Guidance is provided, however, in NFPA 780. This standard
covers lightning protection systems (LPS) and requires that surge
protection be installed as an integral part of the LPS system.
NFPA 780 states:
4.18.2 Surge Protection Requirements
Surge protection devices are intended to be installed ahead of
the service entrance equipment and other incoming wiring to
limit transient voltage by discharging or bypassing transient
currents to ground. ... A fault can occur by lightning directly
striking a phase conductor or striking a nearby-grounded
object, such as a transmission shield wire or tower.2
22
and
NFPA Handbook 780-2011, Section 4.18.2
3
4
23
Electroindustry News
Nominate Electroindustry Leaders for Falk, Kite & Key Awards
Mark your calendars now for NEMAs
89th Annual Membership Meeting,
November 56, 2015, at the Ritz Carlton
in Washington, D.C. Stay up-to-date at
www.nema.org/annual-meeting.
Bernard H. Falk Award
We are soliciting nominations for the
Bernard H. Falk Award, NEMAs highest
honor that recognizes individuals
for outstanding contributions to the
electroindustry. The winner will be
honored Friday, November 6.
Award criteria:
A recognized leader within and
beyond his/her field
Outstanding achievement in
technology, management, marketing,
international trade, education,
medicine, public affairs, or any other
field important to the electroindustry
www.idea4industry.com
24
25
Don I
o
vers
Michigan
Currently the Department of Licensing
and Regulatory Affairs, along with the
Bureau of Construction Codes (BCC), is
the state agency responsible for adoption
of all building codes in the state. BCC has
been engaged in the process of adopting
Part 8 (commercial) of the Michigan
Electrical Code Rules, Part 5 of Michigan
Residential Code (MRC), and Part 10
Michigan Energy Code. The state is in the
final stages of its process for adopting the
2014 NEC for commercial structures with
an effective date of early June.
There are people in Michigan who
believe that costs are more important
than electrical safety. They have
proposed removing arc-fault circuit
interrupters (AFCIs) from the MRC
entirely. This attack has led the state to
consider eliminating the requirement
for AFCIs in all one- and two-family
dwellings. However, all multi-family
structures, which fall under the
commercial code, will have this
advanced fire protection available.
Individual homeowners are the losers in
this situation. Most dont even know this
is happening. ei
Don Iverson, NEMA Midwest Field
Representative | don.iverson@nema.org
Watch www.nema.org/Safe-Building-Code-Incentive-Act-Video
BuildStrong Coalition
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27
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International Roundup
NEMA Launches Saudi Arabia Market Access Consortium
NEMA members have been shipping
products to customers in the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for more than
50 years. These products, which are
designed to meet ANSI/NEMA/UL
performance and safety standards, have
performed reliably and safely during this
entire period, leading KSA customers to
continue to specify them.
KSA, through the Saudi Standards,
Metrology, and Quality Organization
(SASO), however, recently adopted a
policy of basing all national standards for
electrical products on IEC standards. This
has resulted in difficultyand in
some cases outright prevention
ofimporting NEMA members
products based on ANSI/NEMA/
UL standards.
29
International Roundup
NEMA Joins Discussion in Colombia on Resolving Barriers to Trade
NEMA made key presentations as part
of the recent U.S.Colombia Conference
on Technical Barriers to Trade focusing
on implementing the World Trade
Organization (WTO) Code of Good
Practice for the Preparation, Adoption,
and Application of Standards.
The workshop was organized as part
of the Standards Alliance, a program
initiated by the Office of the U.S. Trade
Representative (USTR), funded by
USAID (U.S. Agency for International
Development) and managed by ANSI
(American National Standards Institute),
to share experiences of U.S. and
Colombian experts to minimize or avoid
technical barriers to trade (TBT) that
could result from future regulations.
Participants in the workshop included
government and private sector
representatives from both countries.
The workshop was organized around
a number of different thematic
sessions, each of which emphasized the
importance of TBTs to the WTO, so
much so that a standing committee has
been established to both monitor and
resolve TBT differences between the more
than 100 member countries of WTO.
Topics that were covered during the
workshop included:
Overview of the WTO Technical
Barriers to Trade Agreement and Code
of Good Practice for the Preparation,
Adoption and Application of
Standards
U.S. and Colombian experience in
participating in ISO/IEC standards
development.
Participation in Codex (the
international code of standards for
food safety)
U.S. and Colombian experiences
working in other international
standards organizations.
30
Leslie McDermott, ANSI Senior ManagerInternational Development, discussed means to avoid duplication and achieve consensus in
standardization during recent WTO conference in Colombia. Photo by Gene Eckhart
Economic Spotlight
NEMAs Industrial Controls Indexes Remain Stable during First Quarter
NEMAs Primary Industrial Controls
index decreased 0.2 percent on a
quarterly basis (q/q) during the first
quarter of 2015. The index showed an
increase of 1.6 percent compared to the
same period a year ago.
Current Business Conditions Index Slips Again, Future Conditions Index Gains Ground
NEMAs Electroindustry Business
Conditions Index (EBCI) for current
conditions in North America declined
for a third straight month in June.
The index fell to 47.2 from 50 a month
ago and from 54.8 in April as a higher
proportion of panelists reported business
conditions deteriorated in June than
reported they improved.
In contrast, the EBCI for future North
American conditions posted a modest
advance on the heels of three consecutive
monthly declines, rising to 52.8 in June
from 52.2 in May. Thirty-nine percent
of Junes panelists expect the business
environment to improve over the next six
months, while 33% expect it to decline.
Visit www.nema.org/ebci for the complete
June 2015 report. ei
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We Are NEMA
I am
NEMA
Creating the Buzz
Mallory Rood,
NEMA Meetings Manager
Behind the
scenes at each
and every
meeting or
event is an
individual
or team of
individuals
who are
responsible
for making
it all happen.
August
Coming in
32
www.csagroup.org