SHORT DAY COURSE

DEVELOPMENT GEOLOGY IN MATURE FIELD ASSET

For the roles of geologist, there is a basic working flow in oil and gas company. The first
is basin analysis (entry), prospect generation (explore), appraisal (appraise), development (ramp
up development), and last stepped by base management.
Due to the topic, more is told about the development part. Development geologists, in
their working field, are surrounded by geophysicist, petrophysicist, reservoir engineer, WSG
operator, and petroleum/production engineer. Specified to mature field asset, there are steps of
producing a product. Those steps are connected to analyzing resources, which are in particular
order, accessibility to be explored, identified/non-identified, technically exploitable, and
economically profitable before being reserved in the end.
Of those processes, there must be data, methods, and outputs. The data that development
geologist must have are seismic, well logs and mud logs, core-thin section, scal, pressure,
production, etc. To get the data, used methods at usual are correlation, mapping, modeling,
analog, etc. The outputs then becoming cross section, subsurface maps, 3D models, volumetric,
well design, etc.
Also explained in the course about soft skills that development geologists must have,
which are data collecting and QC, co-relation, mapping, modeling, volumetric calculation, well
design, monitoring, and post mortem reporting.
After the introduction, the participants are given subsurface data to be learned and
analyzed. In doing so, there are terms and formulas applied, more or less as said down below.
Co-relation is to look similarity between contents, qualities, wells, and more.
Image Log (Fracture Morphologies in a Carbonate Reservoir). It is then divided into
some types, including planner and breccia.
In advancing a matter about cross section, there are sub matters that should be mastered
which are contact, bedding, sand connectivity, reservoir quality, structure, facies, and dynamic
data.
Farther more, showed and learned about contact. There are terms found in this section,
such as LIO, LTO, BOPD, HKW, EOR, PM, and more.

LIO (Lowest Interpretation Oil) and LTO (Lowest Tested Oil) are to assume BOPD.
Reasoning on why LTO is more accurate than LIO and it is because LIO is limited to
interpretation only while LTO has been tested or processed. More, LIO could become LTO if its
data is the same as BOPD number. In doing those data, note BOPD number is a must when oil is
100% (no water included).
LCC is a short form of Lowest Closing Contour.
EOR is when oil is mixing with water, separated with heating.
PM is when oil is mixing with air separated, with adding more water.
The formula being used for volumetric calculation is:
OOIP=

7758 BPV POR (1Sw)

BOI

For the formula above, there is a term known as saturation. There are three types of
saturation, they are water, oil, and gas. A good saturation is indeed when water saturation is less
than oil saturation and/or gas saturation or even could reach up to 100% oil and/or gas saturation.
It is so due to the condition as follows:
1=Sw+ So+ Sg
Next subject is Development Infill Concept.
In short, there are six concepts of development infill: twin (points that are close to the
well that have not been processed but already have the oil/long distance), up-dip, un-drain
(points that are close to the well that have a little amount of oil), replacement (replacing old well
with the new one due to problems occurred), acceleration (to accelerate the process of getting the
oil), and step out.
Then the course is continued with evaluation case study.
There are three cases that were evaluated during the course: (1) Sandstone Reservoir, (2)
Shally Sand Reservoir, and (3) Carbonate Reservoir.

In case of Sandstone Reservoir, showed to participants a zone called Talang Akar (PHE
ONWJ). Result of the test is as follow: 2200 BOPD and 1% water cut
In case of Shally Sand Reservoir, showed to participants the early data observation of
MR-27. The color purple appearance means MR-27 reservoir anomaly. That kind of data is
resulted from seismic interpretation: hydrocarbon bearing sandstone. To learn more about shally
sand reservoir, showed to participants the result of data reading which ends up as being zero
phase, normal polarity, good signal to noise except in the zone under BRF built up due to
energy absorption, and the range of dominant frequency.
In case of Carbonate Reservoir, showed to participants APN West Reservoir.

Well Proposal Design was the one discussed at last.

In well proposal design, known three types of well: (1) Vertical Well, (2) Deviated Well,
and (3) Horizontal Well.
Vertical Well is located on shore, while Deviated and Horizontal ones are off shore. More
for Horizontal Well, which will be often found and used, there are things to be analyzed and
calculated. They are seismic, reservoir modeling, structural dipping to the west direction, depth
uncertainity, vertical distance from GOC and OWC, also red-yellow color at cross section.
Also known a term called Azitrak which is used to decide or orient good quality objects when
doing the boring.