Russia CP

SS

Sudarshan

Tournament

Nukes Not Topical

Alternative energy is renewable distinct from nuclear power
WLNS News 8 5 08
[Comparing the two Energy Plans, http://www.wlns.com/Global/story.asp?S=8793929&nav=0RbQ]

Nuclear power verses alternative energy is also a dividing line between the two. While McCain does support a move toward
renewable and alternative fuels his main push is toward the development of nuclear power plants. In fact, he wants to build 45
new nuclear plants by the end of his first term, and 100 by the year 2030. But Obama's main push is alternative energy plants
whether dealing with wind, solar, or bio-fuels. Obama wants to develop an entire new energy industry based upon renewable
fuels and pledges to require 10 % of the nation's energy come from renewable sources by the end of his first term.

Russia CP

SS

Sudarshan

Tournament

Russia CP 1NC
Text: The Russian Federation should provide funding for Generation Four Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactors in Russia
and the United States.
Russia is proficient in reactor technology their initiation solves coooperation
John C. Rood 6-12-08 Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security
(Agreement Between the United States and Russia for Cooperation in the Field of Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,
http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=20224&prog=zgp&proj=znpp, Adi Sudarshan)

Growing energy needs and concerns about greenhouse gas emissions have increased international demand for nuclear power,
which in an increasingly globalized nuclear industry places a premium on working with foreign partners. In addition, nuclear
nonproliferation and the need to prevent nuclear terrorism are at the top of the U.S. national security agenda, including with Russia,
generating strong interest in the development of more proliferation-resistant nuclear technologies and approaches to the fuel cycle that
can be advanced through cooperation between the U.S. and Russia. Upon entry into force, this agreement would establish a legal
basis for what we expect to be mutually beneficial peaceful nuclear cooperation between the United States and Russia. Some U.S.Russia cooperation is already ongoing on nuclear safety and security, and Russian commercial nuclear fuel sales to the United States
under the HEU Agreement. We believe that this existing cooperation will be enhanced by having this agreement in place. At the
same time, the agreement looks to additional possibilities in the future, both commercial and government-to-government. It
establishes a framework of nonproliferation conditions and controls for transfers of civil nuclear commodities between the two
countries, but in itself it does not deal with specific projects. Implementation of this agreement would take place on the basis of
export licenses issued in conformity with the requirements of U.S. law and policy at the time the license is applied for. For the United
States, having the agreement in place will provide a framework for potential commercial sales of civil nuclear commodities like
reactor fuel and major reactor components to Russia by U.S. industry. Under Russias export system such commodities may be
transferred to the United States without such an Agreement (and in fact are taking place right now). Having the Agreement in place
will rectify an imbalance between the two countries in terms of the legal structure available to accommodate commercial opportunities
for the United States. The Agreement would facilitate greater U.S.-Russia cooperation in developing technologies that are
important to advancing our nuclear nonproliferation objectives under the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP), where
we are seeking to cooperate with other nations to develop new technologies like advanced reactors that would consume plutonium and
new forms of recycling spent fuel that would reduce the risk of proliferation by not separating plutonium that could be diverted for
use by rogue states or terrorists for nuclear weapons. In areas like advanced fast burner reactors and advanced nuclear fuel
and fuel cycle facilities, Russia possesses experience and facilities not widely available in the United States . For example, the
Department of Energy would like to send advanced fuel for testing in Russian fast neutron reactors , but can only do so with a 123
Agreement in place. The Agreement also advances mutual nonproliferation goals by facilitating the transfer of nuclear
materials for forensic purposes in potential nuclear smuggling cases. The Administration views this agreement as an important
achievement. As Ambassador Burns stated when he signed the Agreement in Moscow on May 6, the United States and Russia once
nuclear rivals today nuclear partners at last have a basic framework to develop nuclear energy for peaceful purposes and to
advance nuclear energy worldwide while enhancing our efforts to prevent nuclear proliferation. By expanding the ties between
our governments and our nuclear industries, this agreement will add to the strength and stability of the U.S. -Russia relationship as we
confront important global challenges of the 21st century

Russia CP

SS

Sudarshan

Tournament

Russia CP Solves GT-MHR

Russia can implement GT-MHRs and solve cooperation they were designed in Russia
Malcolm P. La Bar & Walter A. Simon 97
(Twenty Second Annual International Symposium 1997, The Modular Helium Reactor for the Twenty-First Century, http://www.world-nuclear.org/sym/1997/labar.htm)

As a result of the GT-MHR's safety, efficiency and projected economics, General Atomics (GA) of the USA and the Russian
Federation Ministry for Atomic Energy (Minatom) entered into a memorandum of understanding (MOU) in April 1993 to cooperate
on the development of the GT-MHR. The MOU covered promotion, implementation and execution of a joint US/Russian GT-MHR
design and development programme, and subsequent construction, testing and operation of a prototype in Russia. The primary
objective was to develop the GT-MHR as an export commodity for both the USA and Russia. Design and construction of the prototype
was planned to be done in Russia in accordance with Russian, US and other international standards to ensure the suitability of the
design for licensing in the USA and in other potential world markets. Disposition of WPu was also noted in the MOU to be a mission
for which the GT-MHR was well suited. The WPu disposition mission was addressed in the MOU because work performed by GA
showed the GT-MHR to be very effective for this mission, and because an independent study completed in February 1993 at Russia's
Kurchatov Institute confirmed the capabilities and advantages of the high burnup gas cooled reactor fuel cycle for the destruction of
surplus WPu. Subsequent to the March 1994 agreement between the USA and Russia to cease the production of WPu by 2000,
Minatom proposed in June 1994 that the emphasis of the proposed cooperative GT-MHR program be shifted to focus on disposition of
surplus WPu. Minatom proposed that the first GT-MHRs under the cooperative programme be built at Tomsk 7 (now known as
Seversk), the site of some of Russia's plutonium production reactors, and that they be fuelled with surplus Russian WPu. This proposal
was intended to not only reduce the Russian stockpile of surplus WPu, but also to provide alternative employment for former Russian
nuclear weapons programme technical staff, and to generate power for use in the region surrounding Seversk. In the summer of 1994,
GA and Minatom agreed to initiate development of the GT-MHR for WPu destruction, with each party committing US$1 million for
work performed in Russia. With this funding, the conceptual design of the GT-MHR for WPu destruction was planned to be performed
in Russia by the OKBM institute. This work was begun in February 1995 and is scheduled to be completed and fully documented by
October 1997. In January 1996 Framatome of France joined the GA/Minatom cooperative programme, and in January 1997 Fuji
Electric of Japan also joined the programme. Framatome and Fuji Electric have provided additional funding to support the conceptual
design programme and Minatom has matched their contributions. International Programme Approach and Progress The GT-MHR
conceptual design work is being directed by a joint steering committee composed of representatives from Minatom, OKBM,
Kurchatov Institute, GA, Framatome and Fuji Electric. The steering committee provides oversight of project activities and establishes
guidelines for the conduct of work. It is responsible for establishing the overall direction and strategy of the programme. Existing
information on the US-sponsored GT-MHR design has been made available to the cooperative programme. The US GT-MHR design
has served as a relatively mature starting point for the conceptual design effort . A major achievement to date resulting from the
contribution of the OKBM designers has been significantly improved component conceptual designs, particularly in the power
conversion system. The GT-MHR configuration now incorporates both US and Russian technology and is a clear demonstration of the
advantages of the cooperative programme.
Russian R&D on GHTMRs is occurring now they can create the right tech
Malcolm P. La Bar 02
(The Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor: A Promising Option for Near Term Deployment, http://gt-mhr.ga.com/images/ANS.pdf)

The GT-MHR is currently being developed in Russia under the Agreement between the Government of the United States of America
and the Government of the Russian Federation on Scientific and Technical Cooperation in the Management of Plutonium that
has Been Withdrawn from Nuclear Military Programs (July 24, 1998 US/RF Agreement). The US (DOE) and the RF (Minatom) are
jointly sponsoring the development work; Japan and the European Union are providing support. The plan in Russia is to: Design,
construct and operate a prototype GT-MHR module by 2009 Design, construct and license a GT-MHR Pu fuel fabrication facility in
Russia Operate a first 4-module GT-MHR plant for Pu disposition by 2015 Because the GT-MHR is an effective nuclear
power electric generation plant for commercial deployment when fueled with uranium, a program has been implemented
for commercial deployment in the US of the technology being developed in Russia. The engineering tasks necessary for adapting the
technology developed in Russia for commercial plant deployment in the US consists of: Conversion of GT-MHR design, technology
and engineering documentation from the Russian program to US standards Preparation of incremental design items required
for commercial deployment of the technology (e.g., uranium core design) Performance of plant safety analyses and NRC licensing
Design, construction and qualification of uranium fuel fabrication facilities Performance of plant design and analysis No new R&D
is needed; all of the necessary development and test work will be performed in Russia.