TEXTILE CHEMISTRY IVth SEM

THEORY OF DYEING -2012

UNIT 1
Give proper reasons for the following
i)

Acid is used to increase the dye exhaustion of acid dyes on wool fibers

ii)
Glauber salt acts as a leveling agent in acid dyes on wool fiber where as it acts as an
exhausting agent in direct
dyes on cotton fibers
iii)

Chrome mordant dyes have better washing fastness than normal acid dyes

iv)

Fabric dyed with azoic dyes may have poor rubbing fastness.
OR

A. What are the various forces affecting migration of dyes

B. What is the functions of alkali in dyeing of reactive dyes on cotton fibers
C. What are the various forces responsible for anchoring of a dye molecule
D. Give theoretical details of dyeing cotton with vat dyes.

UNIT 2
Explain the isotherms observed in following cases
i)

When wool in dyed with acid dyes and cotton in dyed with direct dyes

ii)

When cellulose acetate in dyed with disperse dyes.

OR

A. Explain the term dye affinity. Derive an expression b/w standard chemical potential, dye
on fiber and dye in solution. Write practical method to measure dye on fiber

B. Define heat of dyeing, and entropy of dyeing. Give its practical application.

UNIT 3
A. What is the effect of temperature, electrolytic concentration and dye concentration on dye
particle size?
B. Explain the diffusion of a dye in the hydrophilic fiber by pore model.
OR
Write short note on
i)

Free volume

ii)

WLF equation

iii)

Segmental motion

iv)

Temperature of dyeing TD

UNIT 4
Discuss the following
i)

Time of half dyeing t1/2 and its practical application

ii)

Compatibility of dyes

iii)

Effect of dye structure on substantivity

iv)

Hydrolysis of reactive dyes.

OR

Give proper reasoning for following

i)

Why dye molecules are colored?

ii)

Why reducing agents destroy the color of azo dyes?

iii)

Why malachite green gets colored on acidification?

iv)

Why the dyes have affinity toward the fiber.

UNIT 5
Explain the term solubility parameters and heat of mixing. Explain the dyeing of polyester using
these terms
OR
Define diffusion coefficient and various factors affecting diffusing of a dye in a fibber. Write a
method to measure diffusion coefficient of a disperse dye on nylon fiber.

TEXTILE CHEMISTRY IVth SEM

PRINCIPLE OF TEXT. MANUFACTURING-II- 2012
UNIT 1
A. What are the objects of winding?
B. Classify warp winding machines.
C. Explain the working principle of passage of yarn on high speed sectional warping machine with
the help of neat sketch.
OR
A. What are the objects of drawing-in?

B. Explain the passage of yarn on two cylinder slasher sizing m/c with the help of sketch.

UNIT 2
A. Classify weaving machines
B. Explain the working of tappet shedding mechanism with neat sketch.
OR
A. Explain the basic motions of a loom in brief.
B. Explain the working of side lever under pick mechanism with neat sketch.

UNIT 3
A. What are the differences b/w five wheel and 7 wheels take up motions.
B. Explain the working of 5 wheel take up motions with the help of diagram.
OR
Explain the working of Cimmco semi positive let off mechanism.

UNIT 4
A. Give reasons and remedies of following fabric defectsi)

Chira

ii)

Reed marks

iii)

Slack and tight selvedge

iv)

Temple mark

B. Calculate the production of a loom for following particulars:

i)

Reed- 52/2

ii)

PPI= 50

iii)

R.W= 65

iv)

Loom RPM= 420

v)

Efficiency= 90%

Also calculate the weft insertion rate.

OR
A. Calculate the weight of fabric in GSM with following particulars
I)
II)
III)
IV)
V)
VI)
VII)
VIII)

Reed= 36/4
PPI= 60
Weave= 2/2 twill
R.W= 65
Warp crimp= 8%
Warp count= 2/30 Ne
Weft crimp= 10%
Weft count= 300 Ne

B. Give brief introduction of set theory with the help of example.

UNIT 5
A. Define the following terms
i)

Weave

ii)

Draft

iii)

Lifting plan

iv)

Denting plan

B. Construct the following weave

i)

Dosuti

ii)

Satenette

iii)

3/1 left hand twill

iv)

Waved twill in 106

OR

Construct the following weaves

i)

6- thread sateen & satin

ii)

8 thread regular and irregular satin

iii)

Herring bone twill in 168

iv)

Broken twill in 88

TEXTILE CHEMISTRY IVth SEM

FABRIC PREPARATION-2012
UNIT 1
A. Describe reasons of singeing of the grey fabric.

B. What are the different positions of singeing? Which position is most suitable for
polyester/viscose blended fabric? Describe main defects of singeing and their remedies which are
generally observed to the textile industry.
OR
What are the impurities present in the following fiber
I)

Wool

II)

Silk

III)

Jute

IV)

Linen

Describe required pre-treatment process to obtain woolen bleached fabric.

UNIT 2
A. What are the advantages of enzymes desizing over acid desizing process?
B. Describe solvent scouring for cotton fabric with line diagram.
OR
A. Describe vapourlock bleaching of cotton fabric with line diagram.
B. Describe scouring of colored fabric.

UNIT 3
A. Explain the effect of Ph on hypochlorite bleaching process with graph.
B. Describe combined scouring and bleaching process for cotton fabric.
OR
A. Describe J-box bleaching process with line diagram

B. Describe about scutcher used in textile industry.

UNIT 4
A. Describe pre-treatment process needed for bleaching of silk fabric.
B. Describe pre-treatment process needed for bleaching of linen fabric.
OR
A. What are optical brightening agents? Explain mechanism of improving the whiteness of
bleached fabric.
B. Describe about chlorine free bleaching agents for cotton fabric.

UNIT 5
What are the advantages of ammonia mercerization over caustic mercerization? Describe ammonia
mercerization for cotton fabric detail.
OR
Write short note on
i)

Advantages of chainless padless mercerization process

ii)

Physical and chemical changes in mercerized cotton fabric.

iii)

Mercerization of polyester/cotton blended fabric

iv)

Yarn mercerization.

TEXTILE CHEMISTRY IVth SEM

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012
UNIT 1
A. Define buffer solution and explain how acidic and basic buffers are prepared
B. Write properties and uses of buffer solution.
OR
Give a method to determine hydrogen ion concentration using hydrogen electrode.

UNIT 2
Discus the chemical reaction of potassium permanganate in textile processing having Redox
nature.
OR
Define oxidizing and reducing agent with suitable examples in textile chemistry.

UNIT 3
Explain absorption chromatography method of separation.
OR
Write short note oni)

Gas chromatography

ii)

Solvent exchange

UNIT 4
Explain the types of crystal with suitable examples. Derive Braggs equation for X- ray diffraction.
OR
Write short note on
i)

Crystal structure by powder method

ii)

Rotating crystal method

UNIT 5
Write short note oni)

Red and blue shift

ii)

Types of molecular vibration

iii)

Beers Lambert law

OR

Write short note on

I)

Principle of NMR spectrography

II)

Instrumentation of spectrography

III)

Application of UV and IR in textile chemistry

TEXTILE CHEMISTRY IVth SEM

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010

UNIT 1
What are buffer solutions? Explain the buffer capacity and buffer index and the behavior of
solution of weak acid and its salt as a buffer?
OR
What do you understand by pH? Write the range of pH and determination of pH by using glass
electrode.
UNIT 2
Explain the reduction of nitro, nitroso, and azo compounds by reduction agent chlorite and
hydrosulphite.
OR
Explain the mechanism of oxidation reagent potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate.
UNIT 3
What do you understand by chromatography? Write any one chromatographic method of
separation.
OR
Write short note on followingi)

Gas chromatography

ii)

Solvent exchange method.

UNIT 4

Give the classification of crystals. Derive Braggs law of diffraction by crystal using Braggs
method.
OR
Explain the crystal structure by X-ray diffraction by using-

I)

Rotating crystal method

II) Powdered method

UNIT 5
What is spectroscopy? Explain its fundamental principle and application in textile.
OR
Give instruction to NMR spectroscopy and its instrumentation.

TEXTILE CHEMISTRY IVth SEM

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011
UNIT 1
A. what is pH? Derive an expression for pH using Nernsts equation.
B. describes the construction and working of hydrogen electrode.
Or
A. Explain the measurement of pH of solution using glass electrode. Mention the advantages of
this electrode.
B. Write down all the cell reaction of hydrogen electrode with electrode notation.
UNIT 2
A. What is oxidation number? Define oxidizing and reducing agent in terms of oxidation number.
B. Calculate the oxidation number in following

i)

Sulpher (S)in Na2S2O3

ii)

Chlorine (Cl) in CaOCl2

iii)

Lead (Pb)in PbSO4

iv)

Boron (B) in BH3

OR

A. Explain various steps involved in ion electron method for balancing of oxidation reduction
reactions.
B. Balance the following oxidation reduction reaction of permanganate ion in basic medium
MnO4-(aq) + I (aq) ->MnO2(s) + I2(s) (in basic medium)
UNIT 3
A. What is gas chromatography? Describe with the help of schematic diagram the working of gas
chromatography.
B. Explain different methods used for packing of column in absorption chromatography.
OR
Write short note on any 2
i)

Ion exchange chromatography.

ii)

Application of gas chromatography.

iii)

Solvent exchange in chromatography.

UNIT 4

A. What is crystal? Describe its classification.

B. Explain various laws of crystallography used to explain the crystal.
OR
A. What is Braggs law? Describe the Braggs x-ray spectrometer to explain the structure of crystal.

B. Why the rotation of crystal in not necessary in the powder methods fro determination of crystal
structure.
UNIT 5
A. Describe the component of UV spectrometer.
B. Explain the application of UV spectroscopy.
OR
A. Discus the principle of infrared spectroscopy.
B. Explain any 2 methods of following
i)

Shielding and de-shielding effect.

ii)

Overtones in infrared spectroscopy.

iii)

Role of hydrogen bonding in UV absorption spectroscopy.

TEXTILE CHEMISTRY IVth SEM

FABRIC PREPARATION2010
UNIT 1
A. Write natural impurities of following fibersi)

Cotton

ii)

Linen

iii)

Wool

iv)

Non mulberry silk

B. Why singeing of synthetic fibers and their blends is carried out after dyeing? Describe various
position of singeing.
OR
A. Why acid liberation agent is removed before singeing? Explain common defects of singeing and
their rectification.
B. What is basic principle involved in desizing? Explain ecofriendly desizing for cotton.
UNIT 2
A. Explain the effect of Ph on hypochlorite bleaching.
B. Write manufacturing of bleaching powder. Write main disadvantages of bleaching powder and
its rectification.
OR
A. Explain any 2 of the following termsi)

Barium activity number

ii)

Souring and antichlorination

iii)

Mercerization and causticization

B. Describe the vapor lock bleaching process with diagram.

UNIT-3
A. Describe solvent scouring process.
B. Describe vertical kefir used for cotton scouring and write their advantages.
OR
A. Write ammonium mercerization process.
B. Describe chainless padless mercerization m/c.
UNIT 4

A. Explain permanent setting of wool.

B. Describe scouring and bleaching of wool.
OR
A. Describe pretreatment of wool jute fiber.
B. Describe milling of woolen materials.
UNIT 5
A. Describe the processing of linen fabric.
B. Describe the processing of silk fabric.
OR
A. Describe crabbing of wool.
B. Describe bleaching of color goods.

TEXTILE CHEMISTRY IVth SEM

FABRIC PREPARATION-2011
UNIT 1
A. discus the nature and impurities of cotton which hinder water absorption and their removal
methods.
B. how serecin, efficiently, can be removed with the help of soap?
OR
A. Discus the natural impurities of linen fiber and types of bleaching agent used to make the
fabric white.

B. Why alkali is needed in hydrogen peroxide bleaching?

UNIT 2
A. Make a diagram of J-box and explain the function of their parts.
B. Differentiate b/w continuous and batch process.
OR
A. How rapid desizing is faster than normal desizing?
B. Write the appropriate choice of solvent for scouring of wool.
UNIT 3
A. Establish a relation b/w % available chlorine and temperature and fluidity of cotton fabric
bleached with bleaching powder.
B. Write the role of stabilizer in hydrogen peroxide bleaching.
OR
A. Write the merits and demerits of sodium chlorite bleaching.
B. What do you understand by chlorine free bleaching?
UNIT 4
A. Discus the application and properties of optical bleaching.
B. Write impurities of wool fiber.
OR
A. Write the pretreatments before dyeing for following blends:
i)
ii)

P/W 80/20
P/C 65/35

B. Write the recipe for silk fabric bleaching.

OR
A. Write the process sequence with explanation of 100% cotton fabric.
B. Write the role of mild oxidizing agent in fiber dyed suiting scouring.
UNIT 5
A. What physical and chemical changes take place in cotton fiber after mercerization in fabric
form?
B. How ammonia is useful in mercerization?
OR
A. Explain the role of tension in mercerization.
B. Discus the mercerization of 65/35 P/C blended fabric.

TEXTILE CHEMISTRY IVth SEM

PRINCIPLE OF TEXT. MANUFACTURING-II- 2011
UNIT 1
Why winding is important in weaving preparation? Explain the object of warping as well as passage
of warp through warping m/c.
OR
What is drawing-in? Explain the object of sizing as well as passage of warp through sizing m/c.
UNIT 2
Classify the weaving m/c along with suitable example of any one manufacturing company.
OR

What are primary motions of a weaving m/c? Explain any one motion with neat sketch.
UNIT 3
What are the difference b/w five wheel and seven wheel take up motion? Why seven wheel
motion is preferred. Explain the seven wheel motion.
OR
Explain the weft insertion system of projectile weaving m/c with neat sketch.
UNIT 4
What do you understand by fabric defects? Explain any eight types fabric defects with neat
sketch.
OR
Calculate the weight of warp, weft and fabric for 6s8s cotton count, 3634 sett of fabric, 65
fabric width, 6% crimp in both ways. Length of fabric is 24000 meters.
UNIT 5
What do you understand by design, draft and peg plan of fabric preparation. Explain with at least
4 suitable examples.
OR
Construct the following weaves
i)

1/1 plain

ii)

2/1 broken twill

iii)

3/1

1/3 end satin

iv)

5 end satin

TEXTILE CHEMISTRY IVth SEM

THEORY OF DYEING -2011
UNIT 1
Discus in detail, the physical and chemical principle involved in cellulosic dyeing.
OR
Classify dyes and fibers keeping in view, the dyeing mechanism they are associated with. Discus
the various aspects of dye fiber interaction involved in application of acid dyes and disperse dyes.
UNIT 2
Distinguish b/w thermodynamics and kinetic of dyes. Discus affinity, substantively heat of dyeing
and entropy in terms of their relevance to thermodynamics of dye sorption.
OR
With relevant equation and example, explain the various adsorption isotherms involved in dyeing
of textile.
UNIT 3
Give a brief account of different theories of dyeing. Also enumerate their merits and demerits
OR
What is free volume theory? Discus in detail and compare it with to the theories.
UNIT 4
Discus the evolution of synthetic dyes in chronology. In terms of novel relationship and functional
groups, write down various developments in reactive dyes.
OR
Briefly discus the chemical composition of textile dyes. Also discuss its relation with color and
substantively. How is compatibility of dyes important for a process?
UNIT 5

Make a critical assessment of various theories put forward for carrier dyeing of polyester.
Or
A. Explain the concept of solubility parameters and cohesive energy density.
B. What is diffusion coefficient? Write the method for its measurement.

TEXTILE CHEMISTRY IVth SEM

THEORY OF DYEING -2010
UNIT 1
A. give the classification of VAT dyes and their basis of classification.
B. write the role of salt NaCl in Acid dyes.
OR
Define the pigments, their affinity and method of application.
UNIT 2
Explain in shorti)

Heat of dyeing

ii)

Entropy

iii)

Free energy change

OR
Give the derivation of Nernst equation and write its interpretation.
UNIT 3

A. write the difference b/w adsorption and absorption.

B. Discuss the factors which affect adsorption.
OR
A. Give the explanation of Langmuir isotherm.
B. Discuss the solubility parameters.
UNIT 4
A. write the classification of dyes according to chemical composition
B.Discuss the zeta potential.
OR
A. Discuss the fixation of reactive dyes with cotton and their fastness properties.
B. Explain the migration no. of dyes.
UNIT 5
A. derive the equation for diffusion coefficient of disperse dyes.
B. what is role of swelling agents in polyester dyeing.
OR
A. Discuss the mechanism of rapid dyeing of polyester.
B. Explain the role of leveling agent in acrylic fiber dyeing.

COMMON TT, TC-VIth SEM

POLYMER & EXTRUSION -2011

UNIT I
Explain and classify the different types of polymers on the basis of their sources, structure nature
and synthesis.
OR
Explain cosmometry and viscometry methods of measure Mn and Mw respectively.

UNIT II
Explain the principle of polymer melt or solution flow through spinning channels and assemblies.
OR
A. . Explain a melt spinning line for polyester with line diagram
B. Enlist the melt spinning variables and give the condition for continuous spinning.

UNIT III
Explain a dry spinning process in view of acrylic fiber production. Also draw a flow sheet.
OR
Explain wet spinning process in view of acrylic fiber production. Also draw a flow sheet.

UNIT IV
A. What is the need of spin finish for processing of synthetic fiber? Explain
B. Write a short note on requirements and stages of spin finish application for staple fiber
production and processing.
OR
A. Explain the various components of spin finish with examples.

B. Explain the following methods of spin finish application with their suitability.
i)

Dipping roller method

ii)

Metered finish system

iii)

Quench duct lubrication system

Also write their advantages and demerits

UNIT V
A. Explain a stress strain curve for a synthetic fiber
B. Explain the mechanism of drawing through a neck
OR
A. What is annealing? How does it affect the structure of thermoplastic fiber?
B. Explain the method to measure the degree of set of synthetic fiber.

TEXTILE TECH. IIIrd SEM

MICROPROCESSOR APPLICATION IN TEXTILE-2013
UNIT 1
A. Explain PN semi conductor diode by help of its characteristics and application.
B. Explain in detail working and uses of light diode
OR
A. Explain zener diode, why and how do it is used as voltage regulator.

B. Explain diode with its equivalent circuit diagram.

UNIT 2
A. Explain working of a BJT with help of its characteristics and application.
B. Explain the working of analog to digital conversion.
OR
Explain working, characteristics and application of
i)

Operational amplifier

ii)

Tuned amplifier

UNIT 3
A. What is GTO? Explain its VI characteristics along with switching performance.
B. Explain op-amp in inverting and non-inverting configuration.
OR
A. Sketch the basic diagram of an op-amp in detail.
B. Explain the basic structure, working and characteristics of insulated gate bipolar transistor.

UNIT 4
A. Explain basic construction of CRO.
B. What is LVDT transducer? Explain its working principle and construction?
OR

A. What do you understand by data acquisition system? Where is it generally used?

B. Explain the theory how pressure is taken as an input and measured using transducers.

UNIT 5
Write short notes on
i)

Example of process control from textile and garment manufacturing engineering.

ii)

Microprocessor based system requirement.

OR

A. What is Microprocessor? How is it different from other intelligent devices?

B. What are application and latest uses of Microprocessor in textile industry?