Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
g
&
Tariff Based
Competitive
p
Bidding
g
ElectricityMarket
y
Concepts
p
Electricity Market
Electricitymarketbroadlymeansacollectionof
arrangementsforsaleandpurchaseof
electricity
CompetitiveElectricitymarketimpliesan
arrangementwherepriceisdeterminedby
demandandsupply
LongTerm
Markets
k
Regulated
Assets
Interstate
andas
State level
Statelevel
Licensed
Licensed
Traders/
Bilateral
Competitive
Bidding
case 1 and
case1and
case2
Realtime
b l i
balancing
UI
mechanism
Costcurve+
penalty
Power
Exchange
PowerMarketStructure
Competitive
Bidding
LongTerm
CostPlus
ExpansionProjects
Case1
Case2
Case
2
BilateralwithOA
Consumers
Consumers
Generator/Trader
PowerMarket
ToDiscoms
ThroughTraders
AtExchanges
ShortTerm
DirectAmong
Direct Among
Discoms
(upto 1year)
PowerExchange
Competitive
Bidding
Electricity Market
Electricitycontracts
Electricity contracts canbeofalargevariety
can be of a large variety
Longterm,Shortterm,Realtime
Physical,financial
Energy,transmissionrights,ancillaryservices
Differenttypesofcontractsservedifferentneeds
Longer
Longertermcontractsareforsecuringsupplyforbase
term contracts are for securing supply for base
loadwithhedgingofpriceriskforbuyerandsecuring
returnoninvestmentbygenerator
Shortertermcontractsareforoptimizingactualdemand
andsupply
Real
Realtime
time marketsareformanagingimbalancesandfor
markets are for managing imbalances and for
securesystemoperationinrealtime
Differentsubmarketsarelinked.Marketplayersuse
allthedifferentsubmarkets
6
DISCOM Portfolio
>0.5 %
Actual Load
2-3%
Day ahead
C
Contracts
5-10%
10-15 %
Forecasted Load
70-85%
Demand
Time
5%
%
90%
Power exchanges
UI mechanism
Trading traders/
direct
L
Long
tterm
Co
ompetitive
Bid
2%
3%
State Gencos
IPPS
Regula
ated /
Negotiated
Discoms
Direct
consumers
Traders
Long Term
Short Term
Power
Po er P
Purchase
rchase Agreement (PPA)
Separate Agreement for each station and beneficiary
9
Aug08
Sep08
Oct08
Nov08
Dec08
Jan09
Feb09
Mar09
Apr09
May09
Jun09
Jul09
Aug09
Sep09
Oct09
Nov09
Dec09
Jan10
Feb10
Mar10
Apr10
May10
Jun10
Jul10
Aug10
Sep10
Oct10
Nov10
Dec10
Jan11
Feb11
Mar11
Apr11
May11
Jun11
Jul11
Aug11
Sep11
Oct11
Nov11
Dec11
Jan12
Feb12
Mar12
16.0%
14.0%
12.0%
10.0%
8.0%
6.0%
4.0%
2.0%
0.0%
10
Tofulfilsurplusanddeficitgaps
Essential for resource optimization, no
Essentialforresourceoptimization,no
backingdownofgeneratingstations
ImprovedPLF,particularlyofStatePower
I
d PLF
ti l l f St t P
Utilities
Reductioninloadshedding
11
Trading Margin
CERC(FixationofTradingmargin)Regulations2010
(
f d
)
l
dated11thJan2010
Toapplyonshorttermbuyshorttermsell
transactions
Tradingmarginshallnotbechargedexceeding7
p/kWhincasethesalepriceisexceedingRs3/kWh
and 4 p/kWh in case the sale price is less or equal to
and4p/kWhincasethesalepriceislessorequalto
Rs3/kWh
SSwappingorbankingtransactionsdonotfallin
i
b ki t
ti
d
t f ll i
categoryoftrading purchaseofelectricityforresale
as no resale is involved
asnoresaleisinvolved
12
Trading Margin
CERC(FixationofTradingmargin)Regulations2010
(
f d
)
l
Longtermriskscannotbemitigatedthroughatrading
margin,thesamecanbedecidedbymarketforces.
Tradingmargintoapplyonscheduledenergy¬on
contractedordeliveredquantum
Tradingmarginspecifiedaboveisthecumulative
valueofmarginchargedbyalltradersinvolvedinthe
transactionbetweentheGeneratorandtheUltimate
Buyer
UltimateBuyerincludesaDistributionLicensee
13
Agreements
Quantumofpower,meteringpoint,transmissionlosses
Periodofsupply(Days,hours,timeblock)
i d f
l (
h
i
bl k)
Price
Transmission(OA)charges,operatingcharges
Traderssmargin
Trader
margin
Paymentsecuritymechanism
Billing&payment
Default handling/ penalty
Defaulthandling/penalty
14
15
16
Coexistswithlong/shorttermbilateralcontracts
Competitivepricediscovery
Competitive price discovery
Simultaneoushandlingofcontractsandtransmission
access
Electronicplatformfast&efficient
Promotessystembalance
Lowtransactioncost
17
Price (Rs./MWh))
P
Demand
Supply
Volume (MW)
18
19
PXwillbeaseparateCompanyregisteredunderCompaniesAct
PX
will be a separate Company registered under Companies Act
PXshallberegisteredwithCERC(AnnualFee)
Byelaws
Bye
lawsandrulesofPXtobeapprovedbyCERC
and rules of PX to be approved by CERC
Restrictionsonshareholdingpatternandstaffing
ContractstobeapprovedbyCERC
NetworthnormsforPX(Rs.25crores)
Normsformembership
Separateclearinghousemustforaderivativeexchange
ClosureormergerofPX,ifmarketshareis<20%(volumewise)
N
Normsforriskmanagement&settlementguaranteefund
f ik
t & ttl
t
t f d
Disposalofcongestioncharge
Market surveillance
Marketsurveillance
Informationdissemination
20
TimeLineforschedulingofCollectiveTransaction
f
h d l
f ll
10:00
Market
Participantsto
place their Bids
placetheirBids
PXtosend
provisional
unconstrained
solution to
solutionto
NLDCandflow
onTSas
informedby
NLDC
NLDCtocheck
forcongestion.
Incaseof
congestionshall
intimatePX
regardingtothe
periodfor
congestionand
available
margins
15:00 17:30
18:00
NLDCto
confirm
acceptance.PX
to send files to
tosendfilesto
SLDCsfor
scheduling
RLDCs/SLDCsto
incorporate
Collective
Transactionsin
theDaily
Schedule
h d l
PXtosendScheduling
RequesttoNLDCbased
onmarginspecifiedby
NLDC
PowerExchangeIndiaLimited(PXIL)
PromotedbyNSE&NCDEX
InoperationsinceOct2008
NationalPowerExchangeLimited(NPEX)
PromotedbyNTPC,NHPC,PFC&TCS
Promoted by NTPC, NHPC, PFC & TCS
HasreceivedpermissionfromCERCtosetupPX
No.ofLicensedTraders>40
22
TariffBased
CompetitiveBidding
p
g
Background
Section 63 of the EA2003
EA 2003 provides that the appropriate
commission shall adopt the tariff if such tariff has been
determined through transparent process of bidding in
accordance with the guidelines
Section 61 of Electricity Act 2003 stipulates that the
Commission shall be guided by the tariff policy while
determining the tariff
As empowered by section 3(1) of Electricity Act 2003 Central
Government has formulated the Tariff Policy on 06/01/2006
The Tariff Policy stipulates that all future requirement of power
should be procured competitively by distribution licensees
Even for Public Sector Projects tariff shall be decided on basis of
competitive bidding after 5 yrs or when Commission is satisfied
for introduction of such competition
MediumTerm
7years&above
>1yearupto7years
M h i
Mechanisms
Case 1
Case
Case 2
Case
C
titi T iff B d Biddi i C
l
f.January2011
J
2011
CompetitiveTariffBasedBiddingisCompulsoryw.e.f
CompetitiveTariffBasedBiddingisCompulsory
w.e.f.January2011
BiddingMechanisms
C
CaseI
I
Location/
Technology/
Fuelunspecified
(PowerBlock)
C
CaseII
II
Bidderis
responsiblefor
allclearances
ll l
etc.
HighRiskfor
developers
Land/Fuel
specifiedby
procurer
Moreapplicable
forstateswith
fuelsourcesand
coastalareas
Clearances
providedby
state
Highriskfor
state
Source:CERC
Mechanism
MechanismofTariffBasedBidding
CaseI
CaseII
Location,Technologyorfuel
notspecified
p
Location,Technology&Fuel
arrangement specified
arrangementspecified
FuelSource
Energy
Energy
Charge
Captivecoal
blocktobe
developedby
theSeller
Energy
Chargesin
Rs/KWh
SpecificCoal
linkageprovided
byProcurer
Energychargesbased
on quoted Net Heat
onquotedNetHeat
Rate
ImportedCoalto
bearrangedby
theseller
Importedfuel&
Transportationcomponentin
USD/unit
USD/unit.
Inlandfuelhandling
componentinIndian
Rupees/unit
BiddingProcess
Case1
Case2
SingleStage
Medium&LongTerm
RequestforProposal
MaxTime:195days
Max Time: 195 days
TwoStage
LongTerm
RequestforQualification&
Request for Proposal
RequestforProposal
MaxTime:730days
PeriodofProcurement
LongTerm:Above7Years
(Usuallyupto lifeofplant)
Deviation
Deviation
from
Guidelines
ApprovaloftheAppropriateRegulatoryCommissionis
Approval of the Appropriate Regulatory Commission is
requiredintheeventofthedeviationfromthebidding
conditionscontainedintheguidelines
Bidding Process
Two stage bidding process is to be adopted for
Long Term procurement of electricity bidding
under case2
i. Request for Qualification (RFQ)
ii. Request for Proposal (RFP)
Single stage bidding process combining the RFP
& RFQ process may be adopted for bidding
under Case
Case1
1 for Medium/Long Term
procurement of electricity
InternalResourceGeneration 1140Crs
N t W th 1000Crs
NetWorth
1000 C
AnnualTurnOver 2400Crs
2 TechnicalQualification
2.
Technical Qualification
3.
3
4.
5
5.
6.
AggregateCapitalCostofProjectsundertakeninLast10
years 3000Crs(with26%equitystake)
years
3000 Crs (with 26% equity stake)
CapitalCostofatleastoneProject 500Crs
ExecutiveSummary
Executive
Summary
DisclosureStatements
P
PowerofAttorney
fA
CoveringLetter
Qualifying Requirements
S.N.
RFQ:
U
UMPP
RsCrs
Case
Case2
RsCr/MW
1140
0.3
FinancialRequirements
1
InternalResourceGeneration
NetWorth(forcapacityupto
2000MW)
NetWorth(forcapacity>2000
MW)
AnnualTurnover(forcapacity
upto 2000MW)
AnnualTurnover(forcapacity
Annual
Turnover (for capacity
>2000MW)
TechnicalRequirements
1000
0.5
ForCase1(0.5Cr/MW)
0 25
0.25
or1000Crwhicheverishigher
1000 C hi h
i hi h
1.2
2400
0.6
or2400Crwhicheverishigher
3000
0.75
AggregateCapitalCostofProjects
undertakeninLast10years
500
0.125
Capitalcostofatleast1project
Guarantees
RFP:
Rs
Lakh/MW
1 BidBond
120
ForCase1(3Lakh/MW)
2 PerformanceGuarantee
300*
7.5
ForCase1(30Lakh/MW)
45 days
Issuance of RFP
75 days
225 days
d
240 days
Si i off Agreements
Signing
A
t
270 days
d
100 days
Signing of Agreements
120 days
TARIFFSTRUCTURE
A multitariff structure with separate capacity and energy
charges forms the basis of the bidding process
In case of Case2 projects where the procurer provides the fuel
linkage, bidder is required to submit the capacity charges along
with the net heat rate
Tariff Bids
Scenario-1 ((Captive
p
Coal Block Allocated))
Contr
act
Year
SScheduled
h d l d
M h 31
March
st
COD of 1
Unit
April 1
March 31
April
March 31
26
April 1
25th
anniversary
of
the
Scheduled
COD of 1st
Unit
Quoted
Escalable
Capacity
Charges
(Rs./kwh)
Quoted Non
Escalable
Energy
Charges
(Rs./kwh)
Quoted
Escalable
Energy
Charges
(Rs./kwh)
Same
above
as
Same
above
as
Same
above
as .
Same
above
as
Same
above
as
Same
above
as
Tariff Bids
Scenario-2 ((Imported
p
Coal))
Contr
act
Year
Comme
nceme
nt Date
of
Contrac
t Year
End
Date
of
Contra
ct Year
Quoted
Non
Escalable
Capacity
Charges
(Rs./kwh)
Quoted
Escalabl
e
Capacity
Charges
(Rs./kwh
)
Quoted
Non
Escalabl
e
Fuel
Energy
Charges
(US$/kw
h)
Quoted
Escalable
Fuel
Energy
Charges
(US$/kwh
)
Quoted
Non
Escalable
Transporta
tion Energy
Charges
(US$/kwh)
Quoted
Escalable
Transporta
tion Energy
Charges
(US$/kwh)
Quoted
Non
Escalable
Fuel
Handling
Energy
Charges
(Rs./kwh)
Quoted
Escalable
Fuel
Handling
Energy
Charges
(Rs./kwh)
Schedul
ed COD
of 1st
Unit
March
31
April 1
March
31
Same as
above
Same as
above
Same
above
as
Same
above
as
April
March
31
Same as
above
Same as
above
Same
above
as
Same
above
as
26
April 1
25th
annive
rsary
of the
Sched
uled
COD
of 1st
Unit
Same as
above
Same as
above
Same
above
as
Same
above
as
40
Tariff Bids
Scenario-3 ((Coal Arranged
g by
y Seller))
Contr
act
Year
Aprill 1
March
h 31
April
March 31
26
April 1
25th
anniversary
of
the
Scheduled
COD of first
Unit
Quoted Non
Escalable
Energy
Charges
(Rs./kwh)
Quoted
Escalable
Capacity
Charges
(Rs./kwh)
Quoted
Escalable
Energy
Charges
(Rs./kwh)
Same
above
as
Same
above
as
Same
above
as .
Same
above
as
Same
above
as
Same
above
as
Tariff Bids
Scenario-4 ((Coal Arranged
g by
y Procurer))
Contract
Year
Commencement
End Date of Quoted Non
Date of Contract Contract Year Escalable
Year
Capacity
Charges
(Rs./kwh)
Scheduled
h d l d COD off March
h 31
1st Unit
April 1
March 31
April.
March 31
26
April 1
25th
anniversary
of
the
S h d l d
Scheduled
COD of 1st
Unit
Quoted
Escalable
Capacity
Charges
(Rs./kwh)
Quoted Heat
Rate
(Kcal/kwh)
Same as above
Same as above
Same as above
Same as above
Same as above
Same as above
LT =
Di
The Levelised Tariff calculated as above shall be ranked
from the lowest to the highest and the Bidder with
lowest Levelised Tariff shall be declared as the Successful
Bidder
LEVELISEDTARIFF
LEVELISED TARIFF = Net Discounted Tariff*
Net Discount Factor**
*Net Discounted Tariff = Tariff / (1+ Discount factor) ^n
**Net Discount Factor = 1/ (1+ Discount Factor) ^n
CERC NOTIFICATIONS:
Discount rate , Escalation rate for coal
coal, Dollar Rupee FERV
FERV,
Inflation rate updated by CERC every six months
NonIndexed
Indexed
E.C
24-Nov-14
31-Mar-15
0.51
0.17
0.38
0.13
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.50
0.18
0.86
0.14
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.68
0.19
0.85
0.15
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.68
0.20
0.84
0.16
1-Apr
1
Apr
31-Mar
31
Mar
0 68
0.68
0 20
0.20
0 83
0.83
0 17
0.17
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.68
0.22
0.82
0.18
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.68
0.23
0.81
0.19
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.68
0.24
0.80
0.20
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.51
0.25
0.79
0.21
10
1 A
1-Apr
31 M
31-Mar
0.68
0.26
0.77
0.23
11
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.68
0.27
0.85
0.24
12
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.68
0.29
0.74
0.26
13
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.39
0.30
0.73
0.27
14
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.38
0.32
0.71
0.29
15
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.36
0.33
0.69
0.31
16
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.35
0.35
0.67
0.33
17
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.34
0.37
0.65
0.35
18
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.31
0.39
0.63
0.37
19
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.31
0.40
0.60
0.40
20
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.31
0.42
0.58
0.42
21
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.31
0.45
0.55
0.45
22
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.31
0.47
0.52
0.48
23
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.29
0.49
0.49
0.51
24
1-Apr
1
Apr
31-Mar
31
Mar
0 27
0.27
0 52
0.52
0 46
0.46
0 54
0.54
25
1-Apr
31-Mar
0.25
0.54
0.43
0.57
26
1-Apr
25th
0.41
0.56
0.40
0.60
f
Levelised Tariff (Rs./kWhr)
1.77
Total
Tariff
1.19
1.68
1.87
1.88
1 89
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1 94
1.94
1.96
1.97
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.72
1.74
1.76
1.78
1.78
1 79
1.79
1.79
1.97
Sasan PowerLimited.
d
AwardedtoReliancePowerLimitedwithLevellised
tariffofRs1.196/kWh
Tilaiya(Jharkhand)
JharkhandIntegratedPowerLimited
AwardedtoReliancePowerLimitedwithLevellised
tariffofRs1.77/kWh
Surguja(Chhattisgarh)
ChhattisgarhSurguja PowerLimited
Bedabahal(Orissa)
OrissaIntegratedPowerLimited
Oi
Orissa
S khi
Sakhigopal
l IntegratedPowerCompanyLimited
I
dP
C
Li i d
Orissa
Ghogarpalli IntegratedPowerCompanyLimited
CoastalGujaratPowerLimited
l
d
AwardedtoTataPowerLimitedwithLevellised tariff
ofRs2.260/kWh
Krishnapatnam(A.P)
CoastalAndhraPowerLimited
AwardedtoReliancePowerLtd.withLevellised tariff
ofRs2.333/kWh
Cheyyur(Tamilnadu)
CoastalTamilNaduPowerLimited
Nainapalli(A.P)
Tatiya AndhraMegaPowerLtd.
(M h
(Maharashtra)
h )
C
CoastalMaharashtraMegaPowerLimited
lM h
h M
P
Li i d
(Karnataka)
CoastalKarnatakaPowerLimited
The Govt. of Gujrat has requested for Second UMPP in the State.
50