INTEGRATED MARKETING

COMMUNICATION
_______________________________

Project On:

Communication Analysis of ISP’s in Pakistan

Submitted To:

Respected Sir Nayyer Butt

Submitted By:

Zeeshan Maqsood MBA-SP08-060

Jawad Ahmad MBA-SP08-032

Date:

May 18, 2009.

MBA (10B)

COMSATS INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE
 Table of contents
Executive summary

A- Introduction
A.1- Vision
A.2- Mission
A.3- Core values

B- Marketing communication plan

B.1- Environmental scanning

B.1.1- provision of ISP in Pakistan
B.1.2- internet usage in Pakistan
B.1.3- technology adoption
B.1.4- online vs. offline shopping
B.1.5- competitors

B.2- Objectives

B.3- Strategies
B.3.1 Segmentation
B.3.2 Target market
B.3.3 Positioning

B.4- 4P’s
B.4.1-product
B.4.2-price
B.4.3-place
B.4.4-promotion

B.5- Advertising Management

B.5.1- Theoretical framework
B.5.2- Creative brief
B.5.3- Executional framework
B.5.4- budgets
B.5.5- Media buying and selection

B.6- Conclusion
B.7- Appendix
B.8- Bibliography
Executive Summary-:

We take the honor in submitting the concise and concrete marketing plan of
establishing an ISP in Pakistan, which serves as a basis and covers the
fundamental aspects of marketing an ISP.

While visualizing the mission of the company, we have set down the extensive
objectives and for the execution of those objectives; the strategies are designed
like Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP).

In this context a detail scenario of ISP and Telecom industry, its scope, the
current market situation, product and competitors are stated. As there are a lot of
ISPs working in Pakistan so we have also included the complete SWOT analysis
of ISP industry.

Moreover a vast analysis of market segments, market trends, user demand and
market share of different contenders are given.

Our company is a company ambitious to provide customers with complete

solutions of Internet and local network needs.

We have included the executional plan; a complete media plan which include
where to advertise and when to advertise our new ISP. In the end, cash flow and
profit & loss statement are in the homework of the plan.

(Group Members)
A- Introduction-:

CONNET is an international UK based internet service provider (ISP) having

operations in different countries like UK, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and India and
now willing to provide its services in Pakistan by introducing Broadband and
EDGE technologies to enhance its customer base in order to compete in the
market. The core values we are focusing on are the customer oriented and
economical as well as profitable for the organization. An intense market research
on internet service provider opportunities showed that there is a great potential in
the Pakistani market, and the internet intensity as yet to be served. To avail this
great opportunity the CONNET is focusing to provide better quality services to its
customers by ensuring reliable and affordable internet services. CONNET works
in close connection with clients and their people. Local discussion and
agreement of new ways, integrating additional know how from our global
network, guarantees solutions with high practicability and effectiveness.
CONNET creates new opportunities. Our in-depth experience is the foundation
for developing the right solution for each client and building our clients strengths
to make them the best in their class means forging new pathways and roads to
innovation.

CONNET will provide the customers with great internet service having fast speed
and connectivity and after sale services in order to make them and retain them
as loyal customers. In order to provide the country into a digital revolution with its
ability to seamlessly connect and enable smarter, faster, cost-effective and
flexible internet solutions to reach its valued customers. CONNET offers a
complete range of carrier class internet services like fixed wireless and line
internet, always-on broadband for data, internet with a host of other value-added
services and applications to set the standards for a new era of communications
and entertainment in Pakistan. CONNET offers Total Internet Solutions for both,
the business and home user. With ever expanding horizons, CONNET provides
facilities.

A.1 Our Vision-:

CONNET creates new opportunities. To be the leader in internet and

communication services with the help of our core competencies including
reliable, cost efficient and Fast pace services.

A.2 Our Mission-:

We want to capture the target users of internet in Pakistan by providing them with
affordable, reliable and faster internet services for the individual and corporate
customers. Our company’s objective is to adopt the latest Broadband
technologies such as, VOIP, DSL, WiMAX and FTTH.

A.3 Core Values-:

• Professional Integrity
• Customer Satisfaction
• Teamwork
• Company Loyalty

Marketing Communication Plan-:

Environmental Scanning-:

Environmental scanning mainly focuses on the internal strengths and

weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats.

The core strengths of CONNET are that we are providing reliable, cost efficient,
speedy and innovative internet services.

The area we would have to improve the advertising strategies by focusing on the
customer dynamics and market opportunities.

The market offers a great deal of opportunities like lower internet usages, lower
technology adoption rate, lower internet awareness, lower reach like in rural
areas especially and lack of introduction of new technologies.

The main threat is the monopoly of the main player PTCL which have maritime
linkages with the global players; others include higher competition among the
existing ISP’s, lower literacy rate.

B.1.1 Provision of ISP’s in Pakistan-:

Digicom launched the first international Internet service in Pakistan in 1995. The
licensing of commercial Internet service providers began in 1996. By mid-
1999licenses to provide Internet services had been issued to approximately 100
organizations. By mid-2000, the number of Pakistani users had grown to
500,000. In year 2005, the total number of Internet Service providers has crossed
2000 mark and subsequent Internet users have reached to a roaring total of 10.5
Million.
(Impact of Internet on Society -Pakistan Community National University of Computer
and Emerging Sciences (NUCES) Faisal Town, Lahore, Pakistan)
Presently, there is 38 main ISP’s working in Pakistan. The main ISP’s include
cybernet, WOL, Brainnet, Wateen, COMSATS and PTCL. These ISP’s are
providing services through WiMAX, dialup, DSL and Broadband wireless
technologies. In 1998-99, simplex satellite Internet services (receive only) were
introduced in the region by some service providers like Zaknet. ISPs started
using these services as costs of PTCL leased lines (IPLCs) were prohibitively
high. But PTCL started harassing ISPs by conducting raids and shutting down
the operations of ISPs who were using simplex satellite services. ISPAK took up
this matter with PTA and Ministry of Communications with full protest and
threatened to go on a strike with all ISPs of the country shutting their operations.
Upon intervention of the Secretary, Ministry of Communications and PTA,
immediate written orders were issued by PTA to restore the services of AKNet in
Lahore and disciplinary proceedings against PTCL officials responsible for
shutting down the ISP were initiated.
Before year 2000, the subjects of Information Technology, Internet and
Telecommunications were dealt by the Ministry of Communications which has so
many other departments to look after like national highways, ports and shipping,
postal services, etc. The IT industry felt that this new and dynamic subject
handled by a conventional Ministry was too neglected by the Government.
Numerous representations and proposals by made various stakeholders
including ISPAK to the Government to create a separate Ministry of IT. The then
Chief Executive of the country, Gen. Pervez Musharraf, through an executive
order in March 2000, created a new Division named IT & Telecommunication
Division under the Ministry of Science & Technology and moved the telecom
subject from the Ministry of Communications to this newly created Division. An
eminent scientist, Prof. Dr. Atta Ur Rahman was appointed as the Minister for
Science & Technology who with his dynamic leadership brought profound
reforms in the IT & Telecom sector of the country in a short period of time. In
2003, a new Ministry of IT & Telecommunications was created by the
Government of Pakistan be separating IT & Telecom Division from the Ministry of
Science & Technology.
(ISPAK, Internet service providers association of Pakistan)
http://www.ispak.com.pk/achievements.php

Broadband Usages in Pakistan-:

Out of the estimated 2.5 million internet users in Pakistan, currently there are
about 29000 (91 per cent cable and 9 per cent DSL) broadband subscribers in
Pakistan, showing a penetration rate of 0.016 per cent.

All broadband subscribers are in the three main cities of Karachi, Lahore and
Islamabad. Broadband internet services have much higher number of users in
the countries like Korea, Japan, Canada and Egypt.
(Internet Service Providers in Pakistan welcomes broadband policy Pakistan
Times Business & Commerce Desk)
http://pakistantimes.net/2004/12/26/business2.htm

B.1.2 Internet usage in Pakistan-:

In Pakistan 2009, the internet users reaching a record number of 17 million.

Previously there were 133,900 internet users in 2000 (0.1% of total population),
and there were 12 Million in 2006 (7.2% of total population) and presently the
users exceeded 17 Million in 2008 (almost 14% of total population)

(Lifestyle indicators,
http://euromonitorinternational.com/pakistanstatistics)

Around 1.5 million people living in Pakistan are reported to use the Internet
regularly with a growth rate of 125.6% during 2002–2004.
However, the real statistics may be greater than the official figures, which
normally do not include Internet cafes set up in every corner of all main and small
cities to facilitate teens of low-income groups to use the Internet.
(www.internetworldstats.com)

Today, the Internet is more easily accessible in schools, colleges, and public
libraries. The use of the Internet has become mandatory in business, both for the
seller and the consumer. In addition, the cost of computers is becoming more
affordable so the number of home computers is rapidly on the rise. With such
accessibility, the Internet has become an integral part of our lives.
(Effects of Excessive Internet Use on Undergraduate Students in Pakistan,
CYBERPSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIOR Volume 9, Number 3, 2006 © Mary Ann
Liebert, Inc. )

Pakistan has experienced considerable growth in its information communications

technology (ICT) sector; in 2003 the government deregulated its telecom market,
opening itself up to corporate competition in telephone, mobile, and Internet
services. Internet access is widely available at cybercafés, which accommodate
many lower-income and casual users. Rates for usage range from USD0.15/hour
to upward of USD0.50/hour, depending on location and amenities.
(open net initiative, Published on 10/May/2007)

B.1.3 Technology Adoption-:

Computers came in Pakistan in 60’s. Internet service was provided in 1995 which
was just the beginning. Technology adoption rate was very low in 90’s as
organizations were not focused towards technology. The use of technology has
increased over the past few years due to cheaper computers, internet rates, easy
accessibility and greater competition among ISP’s. The main sectors of
technology adoption are Education, Medicine, Banking, Entertainment, Business,
Marketing and Communication, Textile designing, Architecture and Agriculture

Technology adoption rate was growing at a fast pace of 125.6% between 2002 &
2004
(CYBER PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIOR Volume 9, Number 3, 2006 Mary Ann
Liebert, Inc. Effects of Excessive Internet Use on Undergraduate Students
in Pakistan)

B.1.4 Online VS Offline Shopping-:

The real sense of online shopping is E-commerce. Online Shopping is easy to

Use, faster transactions, cost effectiveness, 24/7 Activities, no space limit and
convenient.

Online Shopping Trends in Pakistan are as follows:

65% people use internet once a week

98% are not satisfied with the service
2% people have bought online
99% people have bought only once
99% people feel insecure doing transactions online
Very few Online Stores
TCS offers gifts and gadgets for online purchase
The idea failed due to the following reasons:
Discomfort at giving away their credit card info.
Security concerns due to corruption
Illiteracy
Low internet connections
http://www.propakistani.com/ (Attaa,A., 2008)

In Pakistan, e-commerce is still in its infancy and faces many barriers to grow.
The notable barriers are misconception of E-commerce in Pakistan are low
literacy rate, access to technology is late, policies of Government, unavailability
of proper infrastructure, limited user of internet, the issue of security of
transactions on the internet, high bandwidth rates the rigid and monopoly role of
the PTCL.
Barriers to Online Shopping: (Iqbal, A., 2009)

Now people are getting aware of the importance of business on the internet
rapidly and this will prove good in the favor of Pakistan. Banks are playing an
important role in increasing the awareness of E-commerce in Pakistan. The
banks start e-Banking and also the availability of business account that will help
the investors to invest in the internet business. Pakistan became a member of
AFACT in September 2000 at Taipei, Taiwan and was nominated its Chairman
last month at AFACT 2002 held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Which surely
reflects that e-Commerce got a very bright future in Pakistan.
http://ezinearticles.com/? Future of E-commerce in Pakistan

B.1.5 Competitors Analysis-:

Presently there are approx 38 main ISP’s working in Pakistan. Our competitors in
ISP’s market of Pakistan are of varying size and quality of service. The main
competitor ISPs in the country include Cybernet, COMSATS, Brainnet,
Wateen,WOL and Paknet (a subsidiary of the Pakistan Telecommunications
Company Limited, or PTCL).

WATEEN-:

Our big competitor in WATEEN telecom because it is providing similar kind of

services like WiMAX Broadband and having following vision, mission and core
values.

(http://www.wateen.com/AboutUs.aspx)

Cybernet-:

CYBERNET is the largest Internet and Data Communication Network Service

Provider in Pakistan. The company offers various services to the corporate and
consumer sectors and it is exploring the possibilities to extend several other
unique online services to its over 350,000 valued customers. Cyber.Net with
approximately 280Mbps bandwidth countrywide and approximately 18000 dialup
ports at present is completely geared towards providing customers with timely,
reliable, superior services and solutions.

(http://cyber.net.pk/aboutus.asp)

Their Vision-:

To launch Pakistan into the 21st century digital revolution by providing complete
communication solutions to Telecom Operators, Corporate, Consumers and to
be the leading “Carriers’ Carrier” by creating a world-class cutting-edge network
to deliver a broad range of reliable, affordable and quality customer-centric
services.

Their Objective-:
To attain market leadership and expansion in the IT and communication sectors
by leveraging ISP/ASP, Data Networking and Software capabilities.

Their Mission-:

To become leader in innovation and contribute IT awareness towards society. To

be dynamically growing organization in ISPs and telecom industry by achieving

Internal & external customer satisfaction, superior & beneficial solutions, brining
internet into common person’s life and to provide value of your money.

Being Internet Service Provider and technology seeker, we believe in creating

internet & technology awareness towards common public. Further, keeping in
view Pakistani job market we try to contribute by becoming favorable employer
and facilitate human resources at our best so that they can meet common needs
with high esteem.

Why to choose these ISP’s as Competitors-:

We have included the above ISPs in our main competitors list because.

These three ISPs are well known ISP in Pakistan

They provide the quality services to their clients.

They are using different augmented services like excellent customer feedback
and excellent handling of customer’s inquiries to satisfy their needs.

Their Core Values-:

• Simplicity: Practical and easy-to-use

• Satisfaction: Customer satisfaction is foremost
• Quality: Premier services; no compromises
• Innovation: Always at par with the latest technology
• Honesty: Practice what we preach: integrity, ethics and open
communication

The Media-:

The media used by WATEEN for advertising are as follows:

T.V, newspapers, magazines, billboards, internet, broachers and pamphlets
(http://www.wateen.com/AboutUs.aspx)

B.2 Our Objective-:

Our company’s objective is to provide the customers the reliable, cost efficient,
fastest and innovative services that can enhance the quality of internet services
as well as the customer base of CONNET.

B.3 Strategies-:

To achieve our broad objectives we will use:

B.3.1Segmentation-:

Segmentation is the process of dividing the whole market in different segments

which are homogenous within the segment and heterogeneous outside. We will
segment our market on the basis of:

Geographic Segmentation-:

Geographically we will first cover the whole market of Lahore and then move to
the market of Karachi, Islamabad.

Demographic Segmentation-:

On the basis of demographic we first segmented our corporate users in the core
segment and then students on the secondary segment.

There will be another segment of the home users.

B.3.2 Target market-:

After segmentation the second thing is to serve the target customers so

CONNET targeted the:

Primary Target Market-:

Our primary target market is the corporate sector like Multinational organizations,
Telenor, Mobilink, cash and carry and warid.

Secondary Target Market-:

Our secondary target market is the Students, home users and:

• The people from Upper classes

 • The people from middle classes

B.3.3 Positioning-:

As our primary target market is corporate sector and secondary target market is
the consumer from upper and Middle class so we positioned our services in the
mind of target market through providing ultimate internet speed.

B.4 Four P'S-:

B.4.1 Product Strategy-:

As our ISP is a service based company and it provides the service of internet, so
our service strategies are as follows.

Services we will offer-:

CONNET provides services like Web hosting, domain registration, shared,

leased and committed bandwidth solutions services to the corporate sector.
Some of the services are as follows:

• Satellite Broadband Solutions

• Internet Bandwidth Solution
• ISDN Services
• DDP – Dedicated Dialup Port services
• Video Conferencing
• Wireless Solutions
• Corporate Mail Solutions
• Customized Web mail solution (POP3 Based)

B.4.2 Pricing Strategy-:

Price is the main revenue generating factor in any company. So we will use the
price penetration strategy.

Price Penetration Strategy-:

Using the price penetration strategy we will shape our packages low price to
capture the new customers for obtaining competitive edge on the competitors.
For that we will:

• Provide extra internet hours on usage of specific internet hours.

• We will also be serving the corporate sector with a low rate of DSL. Its
price will be 1000 Rupees for one month.
B.4.3 Placement strategy-:

There are mainly two channels are used for this purpose:

• Direct Distribution Channel

• Indirect Distribution Channel

We will use both these types of channels like we are serving to the corporate
through direct channel by rendering them the service of DSL. And for serving the
home users and students we use Dealers network. We plan to have four main
dealers in Pakistan in Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad.

B.4.4 Promotions Strategy-:

We will use print media and outdoor advertising for its promotion. However in
spite of this we will also use many tools in its promotion like:

• Publicity
• Word of Mouth
• Emphasis on Event Marketing
• Outdoor Media
• Electronic Media
• Radio

We are initially going to launch our ISP through Outdoor and print media
advertisement.

B.5 The Advertising Management-:

B.5.1 Theoretical framework-:

In developing an advertisement for an advertisement campaign, several

theoretical frameworks are useful. As our product in the introductory stage so
we are using the hierarchy of effects model.

Hierarchy of effects model-:

It clarifies the objectives of the whole advertising campaign and for each
individual advertisement. The model facilitates the marketing team in
identifying the best messaging strategy. It has following steps:

Cognitive

• Awareness
• Knowledge
 Affective

• Liking
• Preference
• Conviction

Conative

• The actual purchase

These steps are sequential. Consumer will spend the period of time at each step
before moving to the next, thus before a person can develop a liking for
CONNET, he or she must have sufficient knowledge about our services. Fot that
first we will provide awareness and knowledge for the sake of building brand
image then we will build brand superiority to cultivate strong convictions that
CONNET is superior to the other brands in the market, and finally making the
customers to avail the services of CONNET.

B.5.2 The creative brief-:

Typically creatives work with a document called “creative strategy” or “creative

brief”. The basic components are:

The objective-:

Our main objective is to increase brand awareness, brand image and increase
customer traffic.

The target audience-:

Our primary target market is the corporate sector like Multinational organizations,
Telenor, Mobilink, cash and carry and warid. Our secondary target market is the
Students, home users and:

• The people from Upper classes

• The people from middle classes

The message theme-:

As we want to become the leading ISP in Pakistan, it shows our competitive

edge to over competitors. Our USP is

"Use CONNET to get an excellent internet experience"

The support
CONNET will be providing better reliability and quality internet services with
fastest speed.

Constraints-:

The constraints which we have to face can be legal regulations, rules and laws
and obligations.

B.5.3 Executional framework-:

An executional framework is the manner in which an ad appeal is presented. The

executional framework is chosen as we are using emotional and rational appeal
based on an excellent internet experience.

Slice of life-:

In slice of life commercials we will attempt to provide solutions to the every day
problems that consumers and businesses have to face like poor connectivity,
speed and reliability.

B.5.4 The advertising Budget-:

Before Launching CONNET our budget will be Rs.5, 000,000.

At the time of launching it will be Rs.6, 500,000. And after the launch it will be
Rs.8, 500,000.

B.5.5 Media Selection-:

The two primary aspects of media selection are media planners and media
buyers for an advertisement campaign.

Media planners-:

The media planners formulate the media program stating where and when to
place an advertisement. Our media planner will be Gallup Pakistan. Gallup
Pakistan is the pioneer in Electronic Media Advertising Monitoring in Pakistan.
Since its launch in 1989, the service has been providing a pool of valuable
knowledge of the Electronic media Advertising to its Clients. Owing to its vast
experience in the field, the database is to date the largest and most credible
source of information on Advertising Expenditure in Pakistan. Gallup Pakistan
AdTrak Services for Print & Media is the only service that offers audience and
advertising data built into a single database. This enables the Clients to compute
the per-thousand costs for their own and competitors’ advertising conveniently.
(http://www.gallup.com.pk/adtrack.php)

Media Buyers-:

Our media Buyer will be Angel Broadcasting Networks (ABN).

Angel Broadcasting network specializes in local, regional, national and
international media placement. We have purchased time and tracked results on
every significant station in Pakistan.
Client’s benefit from their expertise because they contact, negotiate and
purchase airtime. Our information and knowledge is fresh; our buyers are
knowledgeable and their relationships in the media circles are nurtured on an
ongoing basis with regular interaction. Their large portfolio of clients gives us the
strength for volume buying. Their knowledge of the marketplace and
relationships with media stations translate into the development of solid media
plans. Time & Space Media’s long experience means that they have great
relationships in the media industry. Long term relationships, a stellar reputation
and in-depth industry knowledge lead to great rates and buying opportunities for
their clients.
(http://abn.net.pk/)

B.6 Conclusion-:

We are going to launch CONNET in Pakistan by providing reliable, fast and

affordable internet services by knowing the existing market in Pakistan and
potential of internet usage by different age groups and market segments. From
our study which we have made on the different ISP in Pakistan we came to know
the different strategies and Packages they have and in this response we make
better strategies and packages which are at quite high position to grasp and
snatch the market share in Pakistan. From our study which we have made on the
different ISP in Pakistan we came to know the different strategies and Packages
they have and in this response we make better strategies and packages which
are at quite high position to capture the market share from the jaws of market
leaders.

There is still a great potential in this field of internet but the main thing is that how
to utilize the gap of excellence and access, so we are quite sure that we are able
to give the users an ultimate high speed experience of internet connectivity with
affordable price.
B.7 Appendix-:

Internet Usage and Population Statistics:

YEAR Users Population % Pen. GDP p.c.* Usage Source
2000 133,900 163,985,373 0.1 % N/A ITU
2006 12,000,000 167,806,831 7.2 % US$ 690 ITU

Note: Per Capita GDP in US dollars, source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

(http://internetworldstats.com)

Internet 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

indicators

Internet 10,500.00 12,000.00 13,561.05 15,544.10 17,980.95

users
('000)

(Lifestyle indicators,
http://euromonitorinternational.com/pakistanstatistics)
 GEO Har Pal (24 hours)
Commercial 30 minutes to be utilized as follows:
airtime 60 seconds per hour from 0000-1759
120 seconds per hour from 1800-2359
Scrolls 102 scrolls of 10 seconds each
to be utilized from 0000-2359

DLS 102 scrolls of 10 seconds each

to be utilized from 0000-2359

Total Total: 64 minutes

duration
Cost PKR 2,825,000/= + GST

(http://www.geo.tv/geopages/ratecardgeonews.htm)

New Packages For All Regions (Except Karachi & Sialkot)

ValidityPromoTimingRegions
CYBERSTUDENT 10 4 Flat @
PackageRate 4 Days Flat Rates
(Chowka) Rs. 2.5/=
CYBERSTUDENT 20 6 Flat @ Flat Rates, Night Free
6 Days Night Free
( Chakka ) Rs. 3.33/= ( 1 am to 9 am )
20 Flat @ Night Free timing
CYBERSTUDENT 50 15 Days Night Free
Rs. 2.5/= ( 11 pm to 10 am )
Region South, 40 Flat @ Night Free timing
CYBERSTUDENT 100 30 Days Night Free
North Central Rs. 2.5/= ( 10 pm to 9 am )
(http://www.cyber.net.pk/home_user/cyberstudent.php)

Daily News
Position Edition Premium
Front page upto 215 cms Single 100%
Front page above 215 cms Single Single 150%
Back page upto 215 cms Single 50%
Back page above 215 cms Single 75%
Spot Color Single Single 25%
4 Color Single 75%
Weekend Edition Single 10%
News style/Readers advertisement Single 100%
Creative advertisements-Front Page Single 150%
Creative advertisements-Back Page Single 150%

(http://dailynews.com)

B.8 Bibliography-:

(Impact of Internet on Society -Pakistan Community National University of Computer

and Emerging Sciences (NUCES) Faisal Town, Lahore, Pakistan)

(ISPAK, Internet service providers association of Pakistan)

http://www.ispak.com.pk/achievements.php

(Internet Service Providers in Pakistan welcomes broadband policy Pakistan

TimesBusiness&Commerce Desk)
http://pakistantimes.net/2004/12/26/business2.htm

(Lifestyle indicators,
http://euromonitorinternational.com/pakistanstatistics)

www.internetworldstats.com)

(Effects of Excessive Internet Use on Undergraduate Students in Pakistan,

CYBERPSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIOR Volume 9, Number 3, 2006 © Mary Ann
Liebert, Inc. )

(Open net initiative, Published on 10/May/2007)

(CYBER PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIOR Volume 9, Number 3, 2006 Mary Ann

Liebert, Inc. Effects of Excessive Internet Use on Undergraduate Students
in Pakistan)

http://www.propakistani.com/ (Attaa,A., 2008)

Barriers to Online Shopping: (Iqbal, A., 2009)

http://ezinearticles.com/? Future of E-commerce in Pakistan

(http://www.wateen.com/AboutUs.aspx)

(http://cyber.net.pk/aboutus.asp)

(http://www.gallup.com.pk/adtrack.php)

(http://abn.net.pk/)

(http://dailynews.com)

(http://www.cyber.net.pk/home_user/cyberstudent.php)

(http://www.geo.tv/geopages/ratecardgeonews.htm)

(Lifestyle indicators,
http://euromonitorinternational.com/pakistanstatistics)

(http://internetworldstats.com)

www.pakistanadvertisement.com

www.google.com
 Zeeshan Maqsood
MBA (COMSATS)
Lahore, Pakistan.
E-mail: zeejaze@hotmail.com
Cell: 0300-4111570