Electrochemistry

Redox Half Reactions and Reactions

1. State the Oxidation Number of each of the elements that is underlined.

2.

a) NH3

_____

b) H2SO4

_____

c) ZnSO3

_____

d) Al(OH)3

_____

e) Na

_____

f) Cl2

_____

g) AgNO3

_____

h) ClO4-

_____

i) SO2

_____

j) K2Cr2O4

_____

k) Ca(ClO3)2

_____

l) K2Cr2O7

_____

m) HPO32-

_____

n) HClO

_____

o) MnO2

_____

p) KClO3

_____

q) PbO2

_____

r) PbSO4

_____

s) K2SO4

_____

t) NH4+

_____

u) Na2O2

_____

v) FeO

_____

w) Fe2O3

_____

x) SiO44-

_____

y) NaIO3

_____

z) ClO3-

_____

aa) NO3-

_____

bb) Cr(OH)4

_____

cc) CaH2

_____

dd) Pt(H2O)5(OH)2+ _____

ee) Fe(H2O)63+

_____

ff) CH3COOH_____

What is the oxidation number of carbon in each of the following substances?

a) CO

_____

b) C

_____

3.

c) CO2

_____

d) CO32-

_____

e) C2H6

_____

f) CH3OH

_____

For each of the following reactants, identify: the

oxidizing agent, the reducing agent, the substance
oxidized and the substance reduced.

a)

Cu

2+

(aq)

Zn

(s)

Substance oxidized
reduced

_____
_____

_____
Cl2 (g)
(aq)

Zn

2+

Substance

(aq)

_____

Oxidizing agent
b)

Cu(s) +

2 Na

Substance oxidized

reduced

(s)

2.

Reduction

2 Cl

Substance

_____

Reducing agent

Redox Half Reactions and Reactions

Oxidation

(aq)

_____

_____

1.

2 Na

____

Oxidizing agent

Define each

Reducing agent

3.

Oxidizing agent

4.

Reducing agent

Write half reactions for each of the following atoms or ions. Label
each as oxidation or reduction.
5.

Al

6.

7.

8.

Ba

9.

10.
11.
12.

-2
2+

3-

Br2
P

Ca

13

Ga

14.

15.

H2

16.

3+

17.

Write the oxidation and reduction reactions for each redox

reaction. The first one is done for you.
1.

2.

Fe

2+

Co

2+

Oxidation: Co

Co +

2e

Reduction: Fe

2e

Fe

3 Ag

2+

Co

Ni

2+

Ni

3+

3 Ag
Oxidation:
Reduction:
3.

Cu

2+

Cu
Oxidation:
Reduction:

Pb

Pb

2+

Fe

4.

O2

2 Sn

2F

2-

Co

2 Sn

2+

F2

Oxidation:
Reduction:
5.

Co

2+

Oxidation:
Reduction:

Balance each spontaneous redox equation. Identify the

entities reduced and oxidized. State the reducing agent and
the oxidizing agent.
1.

Al

&

Zn

2.

F2

&

3.

O2 &

4.

Al

2+

2-

Ca

3+

&

Li

Balancing Redox Reactions

Balance each of the following half-cell reactions. (In each case assume that the reaction takes
place in an ACIDIC solution.) Also, state whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.
1.

S2O32-

SO42-

2.

MnO4-

Mn2+

3.

As

AsO43-

4.

Cr3+

Cr2O72-

5.

Pb2+

PbO2

6.

SO42-

7.

NO3-

NO

8.

NO3-

NH4+

9.

BrO3-

Br2

Balancing Half Cell Reactions

Balance in basic solution.
10.

NO3-

NO

11.

MnO4-

Mn2+

12.

As

AsO43-

13.

Cr3+

Cr2O72-

14.

Pb2+

PbO2

15.

SO42-

16.

S2O32-

17.

NO3-

NH4+

18.

BrO3-

Br2

SO42-

19. Determine if each of the following changes is oxidation, reduction or neither.

SO32-

SO42-

________________

CaO

Ca

________________

CrO42-

Cr2O72-

________________

CrO42-

Cr3+

________________

20.

2I-

I2

________________

IO3-

I2

________________

MnO4-

Mn2+

________________

ClO2-

ClO-

________________

Cr2O72-

Fe2+

Substance oxidized
Oxidizing agent

Cr3+

_____
_____

Fe3+

Substance reduced
Reducing agent

_____
_____

Worksheet # 5
Balancing Redox Reactions in Acid and Basic Solution
Balance each redox equation. Assume all are spontaneous. Use the half reaction method.
1.

O2-

F2

2.

Al

O2

3.

Zn+2

Balance each half reaction in basic solution.

4.

Cr2O72

5.

Cr3+

NO

NO3-

6.

SO42-

SO2

7.

MnO2

Mn2O3

Balance each redox reaction in acid solution using the half reaction method.
8.

H2O2 +

Cr2O72-

9.

TeO32- +

N2O4

O2

Te

NO3-

Cr3+

10.

ReO4- +

IO-

IO3-

11.

PbO2 +

I2

12.

As

H2AsO4-

Pb2+

IO3-

AsH3

Balance each redox reaction in basic solution using the half reaction method.

13.

O2

Cr3+

H2O2

Cr2O72-

14.

Te

NO3-

TeO32-

N2O4

15.

IO3-

Re

ReO4-

IO-

16.

Pb2+

IO3-

PbO2

I2

Re

Cr2O72- +

17.

Hg

Hg2+

Cr3+

State of the change represents oxidation, reduction or neither. Use oxidation #s. Remember
that if the oxidation # increases it means oxidation and when it decreases it mean reduction!
18.

MnO2

Mn2O3

19.

NH3

NO2

20.

HClO4

HCl

21.

O2

O2-

22.

P2O5

P4H10

H2O

Determine the oxidation number

23.

H2S O4

22.

HS O4-

24.

P4

23.

NaH

25.

U O3

24.

Na2O 2

26.

U 2O5

25.

P b SO4

Electrochemical Cells
1.

Oxidation is when electrons are

2.

Reduction is when electrons are

3.

The reducing agent undergoes

4.

The oxidizing agent undergoes

5.

A negative voltage means the reaction is

6.

In an electrochemical cell electrons exit the electrode which is

7.
In an electrochemical cell the reduction reaction is
the oxidation reaction is
.
8.

The cathode is the site of

9.

Anions migrate to the

10.
11.

Anions have a
charge and cations have a
In an electrolytic cell, reduction occurs at the
occurs at the
electrode.

on the chart, while

and the anode is the site of

and cations migrate to the

one on the chart

13.

For reduction, the chart is read from

to

14.

For oxidation, the chart is read from

the voltage is
.

to

15.

If there are two possible oxidation reactions, the

16.

Corrosion of a metal is

17.

Electrolysis

18.

Electrochemical cells

19.

Electrolytic cells

20.

What is the standard reference cell?

.
and the sign of
one on the chart occurs.

.
electrical energy.
electrical energy.
electrical energy.

Draw and completely analyze each electrolytic cell.

Molten NaCl

charge.
electrode and oxidation

12.
If there are two possible reduction reactions, the
occurs.

1.

Eo =

2.

Aqueous Na2SO4

3.

1.0 M LiI

5.

250.0 mL of 0.200 M MnO4- reacts with excess SO3-2. How many grams of
MnO2 are produced? This is Chemistry 11 stoichiometry.
2MnO4- + 3SO32- + H2O 2MnO2 + 3SO42- + 2OH-

6.

Determine the oxidation number for each underlined atom.

MnO2
Cr2O72IO3C2O42Al(NO3)3

7.

Describe each term:

Salt bridge
Electrolyte
Anode
Cathode

Spontaneous
Electron affinity
8.

What would happen if you used an aluminum spoon to stir a solution of FeSO4(aq)?
Write a reaction and calculate Eo.

9.

Draw an electrochemical cell using Cu and Ag electrodes.

10.

250.0 mL of 0.500 M MnO4- are required to titrate a 100.0 ml sample of SO3-2.

Calculate the [SO3-2]
2MnO4- + 3SO32- + H2O 2MnO2 + 3SO42- + 2OH-

11.

2H+ + Mg Mg2+ +H2

Oxidizing agent__________

Reducing agent_________

Electrolytic, Electrochemical Cells & Application

Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical voltage
and overall equation.
1.

2.

Ag / Pb electrochemical cell.
Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

Cathode:
Cathode reaction: ________________
Voltage:

ZnCl2(l) electrolytic cell (electrowinning)

Anode:
Cathode: ______________________
Anode reaction:
Cathode reaction: _______________
Overall reaction:
MTV:

3.

CuSO4(aq) electrolytic cell (electrowinning)

Anode:
Cathode: ______________________
Anode reaction:
Cathode reaction: _______________
Overall reaction:
MTV:

4.

The electrolysis of 1M NaI (electrowinning)

Anode:
Cathode: ______________________
Anode reaction:
Cathode reaction: _______________
Overall reaction:
MTV:

5.

The reaction needed to make Al. The electrolyte is

and its phase is
(molten or aqueous).
To lower the mp. from 2000 oC to 800 oC
is used.
Anode:
Cathode:
Anode reaction:
Cathode reaction:
Overall reaction:

6.

The reaction needed to electroplate a copper penny with silver.

Anode:
Cathode:
Anode reaction:
Cathode reaction:
Possible Electrolyte:

7.

The reaction needed to nickel plate a copper penny.

Anode:
Cathode:
Anode reaction:
Cathode reaction:
Possible Electrolyte:

8.

The reaction used in the electrorefining of lead.

Anode:
Cathode:
Anode reaction:
Cathode reaction:
Possible Electrolyte:

Electrolytic, Electrochemical Cells, Corrosion, & Cathodic Protection

Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical
voltage.
1.

2.

Zn / Mg electrochemical cell
Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:
Voltage:

The electrolytic cell used to produce Al.

Electrolyte:
Phase (aqueous or molten)
Anode:
Cathode:
Anode reaction:
Cathode reaction:

Overall reaction:
3.

4.

The electrolysis KI(aq)

Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:
MTV

The electrorefining of Pb
Anode:
Anode reaction:

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:

5.

Nickel plating a iron nail.

Anode:
Cathode:
Anode reaction:
Cathode reaction:
Electrolyte
The -ve side of the power supply is connected to the

5.

Draw an Ag/ Zn electrochemical cell.

7.

Draw a KF(l) electrolytic cell.

8.

Draw a KF(aq) electrolytic cell.

9.

Draw a FeI2(aq) electrolytic cell.

10.

Draw a Cd/Pb electrochemical cell. Cd is not on the reduction chart, however, the Cd
electrode gains mass and the total cell potential is 0.5 v. Determine the half-cell
potential for Cd.

Spontaneous and Non-spontaneous Redox Reactions

Describe each reaction as spontaneous or non-spontaneous.
1.

Au3+

Fe2+

Au

2.

Pb

Fe2+

Pb2+

3.

Cl2

F2

4.

S2O82- + Pb

2SO42-

+ Pb2+

5.

Cu2+ +

2Br-

Cu

Br2

6.

Sn2+

Br2

Sn4+ +

2Br-

7.

Pb2+

Fe2+

Fe3+ +

Pb

8.

Can you keep 1 M HCl in an iron container? If the answer is no, write a balanced
equation for the reaction that would occur.

9.

Can you keep 1 M HCl in an Ag container? If the answer is no, write a balanced
equation for the reaction that would occur.

10.

Can you keep 1 M HNO3 in an Ag container? If the answer is no, write a balanced
equation for the reaction that would occur. (HNO3 consists of two ions H+ and NO3-)

11.

Can you keep 1 M HNO3 in an Au container? If the answer is no, write a balanced
equation for the reaction that would occur. (Remember, HNO3 consists of two ions H+
and NO3-)

Fe3+
Fe3+
F-

2Cl-

12.

Circle each formula that is able to lose an electron

Cl-

O2

Na+

Fe

13.

Determine the oxidation number for the element underlined.

PbSO4
__________
ClO3__________
2HP03
__________
Na2O2
__________
CaH2
__________
Al2(SO4)3
__________
NaIO3
__________
C4H12
__________

14.

Al3+ +

Zn

Al

Zn2+

Substance oxidized _______ Oxidizing agent ________

15.

Cr2O72-

ClO2-

Cr3+

ClO4-

Substance reduced ________ Oxidizing agent ________

16.

State the Oxidation Number of each of the elements that is underlined.

a) NH3
c) ZnCO3
e) Na

__________
__________
__________

b) H2SO4
d) Al(OH)3
f) Cl2

17. Balance the redox equation using the half reaction method.
Al
&
AgNO3

18. Circle each formula that is able to lose an electron

O2

Cl-

Fe

Na+

Determine the oxidation number for the element underlined.

19.
PbSO4
__________
20.
ClO3__________
221.
HPO3
__________
22.
Na202
__________
23.
CaH2
__________
24.
NaIO3
__________
25.
C4H12
__________
26.
Al2(SO4)3
__________
27.
Al3+ +
Zn

Al
+
Zn2+

__________
__________
__________

Substance oxidized
28.

Cr2O72- +

ClO2-

Substance reduced
29.

__________
Cr3+

__________

O3 + H2O + SO2

3As2O3

__________

+ 2H+

Reducing agent

4NO3- + 7H2O + 4 H+ 6H3AsO4

Substance reduced __________

__________

ClO4-

Oxidizing agent

SO42- + O2

Substance oxidized__________
30.

Oxidizing agent

Reducing agent

__________
+ 4NO
__________

Classify as an oxidizing agent, reducing agent or both based on its position on the table.
State the Eo or voltage of its position. Some of these are both, so state two voltages and
indicate that it can be an oxidizing and reducing agent.
e.g.
MnO4- (in acid)
oxidizing agent
1.51 V
1.
Br2
_________________
_________________
2+
2.
Fe
_________________
_________________
3.
MnO4- (water)_________________
_________________
4.
Ni
_________________
_________________
5.
Cr3+
_________________
_________________
6.
H2O
_________________
_________________
Indicate as spontaneous or non-spontaneous.
7.
MnO4- (Alkaline) & Fe2+
8.
HNO3
&
Ag
9.
HCl
&
Mg
2+
10.
Cu
&
Br11.
MnO4- (acid) &
H2O
12.
Ni(s)
&
Al3+
Write each oxidation and reduction half reaction for each question above. Determine the Eo
for each. Calculate the Eo for the overall reaction.
13.
14.
15.