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COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 1)
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THEORY
Question: Describe various units of Babbages analytical Engine.
Store:
This unit store two types of numbers.
i)
Numbers entered into machine
ii)
Numbers generated at the time of processing.
Mill:
It is processing unit. It performs all arithmetic operations.
Control:
This unit controls all other units. It also transfers number from Store to Mill.
Input:
It enters data and instructions into Store. Input media is in the form of punched
cards.
Output:
It displays the results of calculations.
Question: Name various parts used in the first electromechanical calculator.
Electromechanical Calculators used binary number system.
An early electromechanical machine was Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator (ASCC) or Mark-I. It is designed by Dr. Howard Aiken in 1944.
It was 15.55 meters long and its weight was 5 tons.
It used 3300 electromagnetic relays.
Question: Describe basic features of three generations of computers.
First Generation Computers:
i)
They used vacuum tube technology.
ii)
Major invention of this generation is Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator (ENIAC).
iii)
The concept of stored program was first presented by Dr. John Von
Neumann.
iv)
First computer that used stored program concept was Electronic Delayed
Storage Automatic Computer (EDSAC).
v)
First commercially successful machine was Universal Automatic Computer
(UNIVAC-I)
vi)
This generation computers had following short comings:
a. Very big in size
b. Slow in speed
c. Large power consumption
d. Difficult maintenance.
Second Generation Computers:
i)
Transistor was invented in 1948.
ii)
As compared to vacuum tubes, transistors are smaller, reliable and
consume less power.
iii)
Computers developed in this generation were more efficient and faster.
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iv)
While computer is calculating and printing price, it is also updating the stores
inventory list.
This system warns the manager about an item which is going to be short.
INSTRUCTION
Stop Processing
Add the number I memory to the number in accumulator
Multiply Number I memory to the number in accumulator
OPERATION
CODE
000 000
000 010
000 100
MNEMONIC
CODE
HLT
ADD
MUL
Question: What are high level programming languages? How they differ from
Assembly language?
There are many high level programming languages. For example; BASIC, FORTRAN,
COBOL, PASCAL, ADA, C, C++ etc.
Difference: They differ from Machine Languages because hey are easy to understand and write.
The words and phrases used in high level languages are simple English words.
Question: Write short on the following:
BASIC: BASIC was developed in 1964.
It was close the English.
A person having no knowledge of programming can learn it easily.
It can by used for business and scientific applications.
PASCAL: It was named due to a scientist name Blaise Pascal.
It was developed in early 70s.
It is highly structured programming language.
It is very popular in computer science.
FORTRAN: It as developed in 1957 for IBM computers.
It was designed to solve mathematical, scientific and engineering problems.
It has been revised many times.
Its latest version is FORTRAN 90.
Question: What is a compiler? How it differ from an interpreter?
It is complex system software which automatically converts program written in high
level language into machine language. It differs from interpreter which translates one
statement at a time; execute it before translating the next statement.
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More works/Tasks:
Do Objectives from book & from any other objective book.
Do Interesting Information from book.
Do Scientific Reasons with the help of teacher.
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