I'm a Trainee electrician and pc hardware enthusiast.

I was just wondering why a

mixture of inductors and capacitors are used on motherboards? Why not just use
capacitor? I thought the inductor stores electrical charge but it uses magnetism. What's
so special about storing it as magnetism?

The basic electrical property of a capacitor is that the voltage across a capacitor
cannot change instantaneously, whereas the basic property of inductance is that the
current through an inductor cannot change instantaneously. Capacitors preserve
voltage by storing energy in an electric field, whereas inductors preserve current by
storing energy in a magnetic field.
One result of this is that while capacitors conduct best at higher frequencies,
inductors conduct best at lower frequencies. Another result is that if you put an AC
current through a capacitor, the voltage will lag behind the current by some phase
angle that depends on the capacitance and the frequency - capacitors inhibit changes
in voltage. Meanwhile if you put an AC voltage across an inductor, the current will
lag behind the voltage by a phase angle that depends on the inductance and the
frequency - inductors inhibit changes in current.

In some situations, inductors and capacitors can substitute for each other. In others, they
cannot. Of course, they never directly substitute. What this means is that some circuits
can be slightly modified so that an inductor is used instead of a capacitor or vice versa
to achieve the same purpose. Some circuits cannot.
An inductor does not store a charge in its magnetic field, but rather energy. When the
magnetic field is allowed to collapse, the inductor will spontaneously generate a
voltage. The voltage is usually much higher than any voltage which was previously
applied to the inductor. A capacitor will never exhibit a voltage which is greater than
what was applied to it. So for instance, a capacitor cannot be used to build an ignition
coil for a gasoline engine.
A capacitor in series is similar to an inductor in parallel, in some ways. Both approaches
can make a filter with the same frequency response. However, the loading effects of
these circuits are not the same. A capacitor in series blocks DC, and so to a DC source,
it looks like an infinite impedance: the lightest possible load. An inductor in parallel is
the exact opposite: a short circuit. The two only look similar from the perspective of the
load device: it sees a signal that has been high-pass-filtered, and is free of DC. But the
DC is not removed in the same way. Blocking a signal with an open load is not the
same as short-circuiting a signal to ground.
Likewise, an inductor in series is similar to a capacitor in parallel, but again, the loading
effect is not the same. We can use a capacitor to prevent AC, or AC above certain
frequencies, from entering a circuit, by shunting those signals to the return. Sometimes
that is acceptable, like when blocking RF noise from entering a device. In some other
cases, shunting AC to ground may create an unacceptable load on the source of that

signal. An inductor can block AC by creating a high impedance against it.

So even in circuits where we can potentially substitute parallel inductors for series
capacitors and vice versa, consideration for the loading differences may require us to
choose one or the other.

Inductors are put inline to filter electrical noise. Caps are placed in parallel to shunt
noise to ground. Both can cause a phase shift between voltage and current, but they do
so in opposite directions so the effect cancels out.

This is the question puzzled me for quite a while too, I even did simulation of "stepdown" converter without the inductor so now I figured out what is wrong :-).
Basically, if you skip inductor, it will work. But efficiency would be like in linear
regulator - voltage drop would be only due to drop in parasitic resistors from 12v
supply to output capacitor.
Inductor works like a resistor here, but it does not waste any energy, it rather slowly
pump it into capacitor.

As I know, Inductor and capacitor is combined to get the frequency resonance

when XC=XL, Inductor and capacitor also can be used as
filter XL=2fL, XC=12fC , with Band stop or Band pass when V=0.707Vmax

The core of the answer was given by Jim C. Most didactic materials show a capacitor in
series equivalent to an inductor in parallel, and vice versa. That's not completely true,
because each'll shift the phase to an opposite direction. So if you don't want the shift,
you should combine the inductor and the capacitor. In some circunstances the shift is
acceptable in only one direction, so you can use the capacitor or the inductor according
to that.