Three small spheres A,B and C lie in a straight line on a smooth horizontal table.

AL Applied mathematics 1998 Paper 1

Section A (40 marks)

Sphere A is of mass km(k>2),and spheres B and C are each of mass m. Spheres A and
B ,moving in opposite directions with the same speed u , collide directly ,the
coefficient of restitution being e.(See Figure 2)

Answer ALL questions in this section .

(a)Let vA and vB respectively be the speeds of A and B after collision. Show that

Write your answers in the AL(c) answer book .

vA =(k-1-2e)e/k+1 and vB =((k-1-2ek)u/k+1

1.

(b)Let e=1/k .Suppose, after the first collision ,B then collides with C which is
stationary. They are stuck together and move in one piece.Find the range of values of
k for which a third collision will occur(6marks)

3.

A smooth semi-circular track of radius a, center O , is held fixed in a vertical plane

with its two ends A and C at the same level. A small bead of mass m is released from
rest at end A so that it slides along the track as shown in Figure 1.
(a)Find ,when the bead reaches the lowest point B on the track
(i)the speed of the bead

A uniform rod AB, of length 6h and mass M, leans on a smooth circular peg C which

(ii)the reaction of the track on the bead

is at a height 3h above ground (See Figure 3).The end A rests on the ground ,which is
rough and horizontal, and AC=5h

(b)Suppose the bead hits an identical bead resting at B.They then move together and
come to instantaneous rest at a point P where BOP=(See Figure 1)Find correct
to the nearest degree(6marks)

(a)Show that the force exerted by the peg on the rod is 12/25 Mg
(b)If the equilibrium is limiting, determine the coefficient of friction between the rod
and the ground(7 marks)

2
4.Two forces F1 =6i+8k
and F2 =6i+2j+3k
act on a rigid body at points A(3,1,2,)and B(6,3,1)respectively
(a)Show that the lines of action of F1 and F2 intersect and find the coordinates of the
point of intersection

(b)A third force F3 =24i+4j+22k acts on the rigid body at point C(1,1,1)

Answer any FOUR questions in this section

(i)Show that F1 + F2 is parallel to F3

Write your answers in the AL(C)2 answer book

(ii)Find the vector equation of the line of action of the resultant of the three
forces(7marks)

7.

5.A factory transport device can travel along a straight rail with an acceleration of
0.4ms-2 and a retardation of 0.8ms -2 The speed of the device is not allowed to exceed
2ms-1 .Suppose this device is to travel along the rail through a distance x from rest to
rest. For each of the following cases, find the shortest traveling time required and
sketch the velocity-time graph for
(a)x=40m
(b)x=6m(7marks)

6.

A particle of mass m is connected to a fixed point O by a light inelastic string of

length a .The particle is projected with a horizontal speed u from the point A which is
at a distance a vertically below O. The particle moves in a vertical circular path about
O .Let v be the speed of the particle and T be the tension in the string when the
particle reaches a point B in the upper half of the path .Let be the angle between OB
and the upward vertical(See Figure 5)
(a)Show that (i)v2 =u2 -2ga(1+cos)
(ii)T=mu2 /a-mg(2+3 cos)(4 marks)
(b)Suppose u= (7ga)/(2).When the particle reaches point B, the string
becomes slack and suddenly breaks.

A straight tunnel AB is bored through a spherical mass of center O.(See Figure 4)A
particle P is to travel along AB so that it only experiences a gravitational force of
magnitude proportional to OP and directed towards O. Let x be the displacement of P
from M ,the mid-point of AB.

(i)Find the corresponding value of and show that v=(ga)/(2).

(ii)The particle then moves freely under gravity
(1)Show that ,in a Cartesian coordinate system with B as the origin ,x-axis pointing

(a)Show that P performs simple harmonic motion

right and y-axis pointing vertically upwards ,the equation of the trajectory of the
particle is

(b)If AB=20m ,and P takes 10s to travel from rest from A to B, find the greatest

y= 3x-4x2 /a

speed V of P inside the tunnel. At which point does P move with this speed
V?(7marks)

(2)Show that the particle will pass through point A again(11 marks)

Section B(60marks)

8.

A traffic cone is made of a thin uniform plastic sheet. It consists of a hollow right
circular cone, of height h and haze radius r ,joined at its rim to an annular ring ,of
inner and outer radii r and R respectively(see figure 7(a))
A uniform straight rod AB of length 2l and mass 3m is free to rotate about the end A

(a)given that the center of mass of the right circular cone is at a distance h/3 from its

which is fixed .A particle of mass 4m is attached to the rod at a distance x from A(See
Figure 6)

base plane , find the distance of the center of mass of the traffic cone from its base
plane.(4marks)

(a)Find the distance of the center of mass of the system from A(2 marks)
(b)Given that the moment of inertia of the rod about an axis through its center
perpendicular to its length is ml2 , determine the moment of inertia of the system about
a parallel axis through A(2 marks)
(c)suppose the rod performs small oscillations in the vertical plane about equilibrium
position

(d)with x=l/2 ,the rod now makes larger oscillations so that its angular speed when B
is in the lowest position is w .what is the least value of w in order that the rod should
describe complete circles in the vertical plane? (3 marks)

(c)if the coefficient of friction between the traffic cone and the inclined plane in (d)is
0.9,show that the traffic cone will slip along the inclined plane (3marks)

10.

9.

A circular disc of radius a and mass 4m ,center O ,has a narrow smooth grove along a
diameter .A particle of mass m is placed at rest inside the groove at point O .Initially

In figure 9,ABC represents a fixed wedge ,right angled at A ,lying on a horizontal

the disc is rotating in a horizontal plane at an angular speed about a fixed vertical

bench , The face AB is rough ,AC is smooth ,and ABC=a, Two particles ,of masses

axis through O .At time t=0,the particle is given an initial speed aalong the
groove .At time t ,the particle moves to a point P in the groove which is at a distance r
from O.(see figure 8)The moment of inertial of the disc about the axis of rotation is
2ma2

m and connected by a l8ght inelastic string passing over a small smooth pulley at
A ,all in the same vertical plane with the string taut ,suppose when the heavier particle
is on AB ,it is on the point of slipping down ,however ,when the lighter particle is on
AB ,it is on the point of slipping up .let be the coefficient of friction between
either particle and the face AB
(a)show that ()+1/=2 tan and>45(11 marks)
(b)show that (1)-1/<<-1(4marks )
12.Two aero planes. A and B ,are flying horizontally at the same altitude ,Aero plane
A is flying due north at a constant speed 500 kmh-1 .The velocity for aerop lane B
relative to A is 800 km h-1 in the direction S60W.
(a)show that aero plane B is flying at 700 km h-1 in the direction N 81.79 W (correct
to two decimal places)(4marks)
(b)at a certain instant the two aero planes are 20 km apart .The pilot of A realizes that
the aero planes are about to collide
(i)show that the bearing of B from A is N60E
(ii)The pilot of A immediately changes his direction to N 15W but maintains his
speed at 500 km h-1 in order to avoid the collision

11.

(1)show that the smallest distance between the aero planes in the subsequent potion is
1.47 km (correct to two decimal places)
(2)at the same instant ,on knowing aero plane A s new direction ,the pilot of B
decides to change his speed immediately but maintain his direction at N81.79W. If the
two aero planes are always to be at least 5km apart ,what is the range of speeds that B
should avoid? Give your answer correct to the nearest integer?(11marks)

(b)Peter claims that the value of cos 0.001 obtained in (a)is in fact correct to at least

AL Applied mathematics 1998 Paper 2

13 decimal paces .Do you agree with him? Justify your answer (7marks)

Section A(40 marks)

4.Albert .Bobby and six other players take part in a table-tennis knock-out

Answer ALL questions in this section

tournament .The winner of each match can proceed to the next round as shown in
Write your answers in the AL(C)1 answer book
1.Solve the following system of differential equations:

Figure 1 and the loser is knocked out .The players are randomly assigned to the eight
positions in the first round .Suppose the eight players are equally skilful

Express your answers in terms of t. (7 marks)

2.In a chemical reaction

X+Y Z,
One unit of substance X combines with one unit of substance Y to form one unit of
compound Z. The rate of formation of the amount of Z is proportional to the product
of the amounts of the unconverted X and Y .At time t=0,40 units of X ,30 units of Y
and no Z are present .Let the amount of Z at time t be z(t)units
(a)(i)set up a differential equation for z(t)
(ii)by soling the equation in (i),show that

(a)what is the probability that Albert will play bobby in the first round?
(b)what is the probability that Albert will ever play bobby in a match during the
tournament?(6marks)

5.A diagnostic test is used to detect the HIV virus .It is known that 2% of the people
in a city have the virus. Extensive research on the diagnostic test reveals that its
results are correct 95% of the time .In other words, whether or not an individual has
the HIV virus, the probability that the test gives a correct diagnosis is 0.95
(a)A person took the test and was diagnosed to have the HIV virus , what is the
probability that he actually did not have the virus?
(b)Three persons took the test and were all diagnosed to have the HIV virus ,what is

(b)Estimate the value of z(t )as t becomes very large(7marks)

the probability that at least two of them have the virus?(7marks)

3.(a)Find taylor s expansion of cos x about x=0 ,up to and including the term in x2

6.Twenty-five boys and five girls star an examination .The mean and variance of the

Hence estimate the value of cos 0.001to seven decimal places

marks of all these thirty candidates are 61 and 64 respectively .The mean mark of the
boys is 60 ,and the marks obtained by the five girls are 80,60,75,65 and x

(a)find x

E2 :x4 -32x-60=0

(b)find the variance of the marks obtained by the boys(6marks)

(i)show that in the interval[3,4], E2 has exactly one root

(ii)using the iteration formula

Section B(60marks)

xn+1 =(32xn +60)1/4

Answer any FOUR questions in this section

and an initial guess x0=3.5,find, correct to three decimal places ,the root of E2 in [3,4]

Write your answers in the AL(C)2 answer book

justify the accuracy of your answer by using the result in (a)(10marks)

7.(a)consider the differential equation

E1 : dy/dx=p(x)+q(x)y+r(x)y

9.

Where p(x), q(x)and r(x) are functions of x ,If a particular solution y1 (x)is
known ,show that E1 can be transformed into the linear differential equation
Du/dx+[ q(x)+2 r(x)y1 (x) ]u(x)=-r(x)
By means of the substitution y(x)=y1 (x)+1/u(x)(4marks)
(b)consider now the following differential equation
E2 : dy/dx=tanx/cosx+(tanx)y-(sinx)y2
Where /2<x</2
(i)show that y1 (x)=1/cosx ,is a particular solution of E2
(ii)solve E2 subject to the condition that y(0)=3(11marks)

8.(a)consider the equation

E1 :x=g(x)
Where g(x)is a differentiable function of x. It is known that E1 has a root r in an

Assume
interval I=[a, b].Let x0 be a value in I. Define xn+1 =g(xn )for n =0,1,2
that the iterates x1 , x2, x3

.all lie in I and that xn+1 -rmxn -r

10.Mr Hon participates in the following fund-raising game for a charity:

Hence deduce that

balls ,The ball is put back into the box after its co lour is recorded. He repeats this
process until a ball of the other co lour is drawn. Mr Hon promises to donate a certain
sum to the chart icy depending on the number of balls he has drawn

xn+1 -rm/1-mxn+1 - xn (5marks)

(b)consider the equation

He randomly draws a ball from a box containing one red ball and four white

(a)find the probability that Mr Hon has to draw four white balls and one red ball
(2marks)

adjustment is 69.15% .find the new standard deviation of the internal diameter of the
cylinder(6marks)

(b)show that the probability that Mr Hon has to draw n balls is 4n-1 +4/5n ,where n is an
integer greater than I(2marks)

(c)find the expected number of balls drawn by Mr Hon(5marks)

time ,which is the difference between the actual and the scheduled arrival times at
either terminus ,,follows a normal distribution with a mean of m minutes and a
standard deviation of minutes. A negative delay time denotes an early arrival

12.A bus runs at regular intervals between Central and Mongkok daily. The delay

(a)record show that the bus arrives early with a probability of 0.12 and that it arrives
at least 15 minutes late with a probability of 0.005
find and show that m=4.7(5marks)
(b)To avoid the traffic congestion encountered on the original route, the bus company
adopts a new route. The delay time of the bus may still be assumed to follow a normal
distribution with a standard deviation of minutes but with an unknown mean of
minutes .On 12 randomly chosen runs ,the delay times(in minutes )are as follows:
3.9 4.2 2.6 -2.3 7.0 5.7
11.The main components of a certain kind of hydraulic pump are a circular plunger

-0.8 2.3 8.5 6.0 3.4 1.5

and a hollow circuit cylinder .The plunger is required to fit inside the cylinder .In
other words ,the diameter, x, of the plunger must be less than the internal diameter, y
of the cylinder. It is known that x is normally distributed with a mean of 99.90mm

(i)test ,at the 0.05 significance level, whether or nor is less than 4.7
(ii)the company claims that the us service now has the same chance of being early as

and a standard deviation of 0.15mm;and that y is also normally distributed with a

mean of and a standard deviation of 0.20mm.Moreover ,x and y are

of being late. If this is really true ,what is the probability of committing a type II error
for the test in (i)?

independent .From past experience, the properties of good fits, namely a randomly
selected plunger fitting inside a randomly selected cylinder, is 65.54%

(iii)using the 12 data, construct a 90% confidence interval for (10marks )

(a)the plungers and cylinders are assembled by a machine. In each trial ,the machine
picks up a plunger and a cylinder randomly and tests whether they fit well

Section A
1.the given set of linear differential equation is

(i)what is the probability that the first good fit occurs on the third trial?
(ii)what is the probability that the second good fit occurs on or after the fifth trial?
(iii)using normal approximation to binomial probabilities, find the probability of
having at most72 good fits in 100 trials.(9marks)
(b)to increase the proportion of good fits ,the manufacturing process is adjusted so
that the standard deviation of the internal diameter of the cylinder is reduced but its
mean remains unchanged .It is found that the proportion of food fits after the

differentiating the first equation gives

d2 x/dt2 =-dx/dt+dy/dt
substitute the second equation into it gives