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3. Layer 5: attaching that document/file to an e-mail sent via SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).
4. Layer 5: sending the e-mail. (Sometimes layers 4 and 5 are considered to be one.)
5. Layer 4: the start and end of a session.
6. Layer 3: routing the packets across the Internet from data contained in the packet headers, specified in the IP
(Internet Protocol).
7. Layer 2: sending the data from your computer to enter the network. The size of the data packets is also
determined by the IP.
8. Layer 1: (the Physical Layer or PHY) puts the packets, frames, or cells onto a Ethernet LAN cabling, a DSL
(Digital Subscriber Line) circuit, or a SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) loop.
9. Layer 1: Also comes into action again at the receiving end where the process is reversed and the data begins at
their Layer 1 and terminates in Layer 7 where the receiver sees your e-mail on their computer monitor.
OSI Model
Layers
Data Unit
Data
Host Layers
Segment/
Datagram
Packet
Media Layers
Frame
Bit
Layer
Function
Network
7. Application process to
application
Data
6. Presentation representation
and encryption
Interhost
5. Session
communication
(SMTP)
End to end
4. Transport
connections and
reliability
Path
determination
3. Network
and logical
addressing
(IP)
Physical
2. Data Link
addressing
(MAC and LLC)
Media (PHY),
1. Physical
signal and
transmission
More detailed information can be found on the FOA Online Reference Guide.
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