Mie12110-T2000 Introductory Guide

DATE: 20/04/2011
DOC.MIE12110
REV.4
T 2000
INTRODUCTORY GUIDE
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
REVISIONS
N
PAGE
1
All
DATE
25/04/2006
39 to 43
8/06/2006
All
23/11/2009
71, 72
20/4/2011
Page 2 of 86
SUMMARY
VISA
Issued
Lodi.
Added the
Calibration
chapter
Minor corrections
Lodi
Lodi
Modified for the Lodi

firmware revision
1.40
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 3 of 86
SHORT FOREWORD .......................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................6
1 TEST SET DESCRIPTION AND USE ...................................................................9
1.1 T HE FRONT PANEL..................................................................................................... 9
1.2 T HE POP- UP MENU.................................................................................................. 12
1.2.1 Transformers selection.................................................................... 13
1.3 POWER- ON................................................................................................................ 18
1.4 OUTPUTS DESCRIPTION AND HAZARDOUS SITUATIONS .......................... 20
1.4.1 Main current and voltage outputs ........................................... 20
1.4.2 HV voltage output ............................................................................... 22
1.4.3 Hazardous situation summary .................................................. 23
1.5 CURRENT GENERATION......................................................................................... 24
1.6 OPTIONAL THERMAL PRINTER ............................................................................. 27
1.7 PROTECTIONS .......................................................................................................... 27
2 TRANSFORMERS TESTING FUNDAMENTALS .......................................... 30
2.1 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS ................................................................................... 30
2.2 REMANENCE .............................................................................................................. 31
2.3 HIGH CURRENT TESTS .......................................................................................... 31
2.4 WINDING RESISTANCE TEST.............................................................................. 31
3 WHATS INSIDE? ...................................................................................................... 33
3.1 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION...................................................................................... 33
3.2 DETAILED FUNCTION DESCRIPTION................................................................. 37
3.2.1 Main output transformer, XTF10350 (5) ............................ 37
3.2.2 Main front board PWA11411 (17) ............................................ 38
3.2.3 TRANSFORMERS board PWA21412 (83)............................... 38
3.2.4 CONV-T 3000 board PWA21401 (16)..................................... 39
3.2.5 INTE ON-OFF T 3000 board PWA11410 (7) ....................... 40
3.2.6 MICR T1000 board PWA41300 (15)........................................ 40
4 THE HELL, IT DOESNT WORK.......................................................................... 42
4.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 42
4.2 ERROR MESSAGES.................................................................................................. 42
4.3 T ROUBLE SHOOTING ............................................................................................. 46
4.4 AT POWER- ON DOES NOT TURN ON................................................................. 47
4.5 NO OUTPUT FROM THE MAIN CURRENT AND VOLTAGE............................... 48
4.6 T HE AC VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT IS NOT STABLE ...................................... 48
4.7 PROBLEMS DURING UPGRADE ............................................................................ 48
4.8 F ALSE ALARM OF MISSING GROUND CONNECTION .................................... 49
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 4 of 86
4.9 T HE DISPLAY BACKLIGHT DOES NOT TURN ON OR THE DISPLAY

DOES NOT OPERATE ....................................................................................................... 49
4.10 A 110 V RATED TEST SET WAS POWERED AT 220 V.............................. 51
4.11 T HE TEST SET DOES NOT COMMUNICATE WITH THE PC ........................ 53
4.12 F AULT ON THE 10 V OR 600 V EXTERNAL MEASUREMENT..................... 55
4.13 F AULT ON THE 10 A EXTERNAL MEASUREMENT ......................................... 65
4.14 F AULT ON THE REAL TIME CLOCK................................................................... 69
4.15 T HE ENCODER IS BROKEN ................................................................................ 70
4.16 UPGRADE TO FIRMWARE REVISION 1.40 .................................................... 71
4.17 T HE FAULT CANNOT BE FIXED ......................................................................... 73
5 CALIBRATION............................................................................................................. 77
5.1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 77
5.2 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE ................................................................................ 77
5.3 T 2000 OUTPUT CALIBRATION......................................................................... 79
5.3.1 OUTPUT CURRENTS CALIBRATION ............................................ 79
5.3.2 OUTPUT VOLTAGES CALIBRATION............................................. 80
5.4 EXTERNAL INPUT CURRENTS......................................................................... 82
5.5 EXTERNAL INPUT VOLTAGES ........................................................................ 84
APPENDIX 1 SPARE PARTS LIST ........................................................................ 86
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 5 of 86
SHORT FOREWORD
Dear T 2000 user,
I often wondered why the users manual is not very much used,
even if it includes valuable information. As me too I am a user of
such manuals, the answer I have given myself is that valuable
information are concealed somewhere in the thick thing, and I do
not have time to waste to find it. So, either the manual is actually
of help, or I ignore it.
This is why I decided to split the T 2000 manual in three:
specification, with all performance details; application manual, with
instructions about how to use it one its operation is understood;
introductory guide, with the device description and basic
information. The idea is that you may read once the device
description, while you need application examples more than once;
so, why not to split the manual in three?
The only exception to this organization is next page: it reminds to
be cautious when using these test sets. We are on the field since
more than 50 years, and no injury has ever been reported; yet,
your kids want you back home after work.
Have a good work with T 2000!
Primo Lodi
Q&A Manager
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 6 of 86
INTRODUCTION
T 2000 allows performing all the test to be performed on current
and voltage transformers. The following table lists the tests that
can be performed on CT and VT.
N.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
TEST
OF
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
VT
VT
VT
VT
VT
PT
PT
15
PT
16
TEST DESCRIPTION
Ratio, Voltage mode
Ratio, polarity and burden
Burden; secondary side
Excitation curve
Winding or burden resistance
Voltage withstand
Polarity by impulses
Ratio; polarity
Burden, secondary side
Ratio, electronic transformers
Voltage withstand
Secondary over-current protection
Ratio per TAP
Resistance
of
Tap
Changer
contacts
Tap Changer dynamic resistance
test
Ground resistance and resistivity
With external options, T 2000 can test:

. With the High IDC module, up to 400 A: contact resistances, in
the micro-Ohm range;
. With the high current booster: primary tests, up to 2000 A;
. With the very high current booster: primary tests, up to 4000 A.
The basic T 2000 function is to generate current and voltages, as
requested by the type of test to be performed, that is selected on
the LCD screen by means of the multi-function knob. Test results
are kept in memory, and can be transferred to a PC at a later
time, along with settings.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 7 of 86
The instrument contains one generator with many outputs: High

AC current; Low AC current; Low DC current; Current impulses;
High AC voltage; Low AC voltage; Low DC voltage.
All outputs are adjustable and metered on the large, graphic LCD
display. With the multi-purpose knob and the LCD display it is
possible to enter the MENU mode, that allows to set many
functions, that make T 2000 a very powerful testing device, with
manual and semi-automatic testing capabilities, and with the
possibility to transfer test results to a PC via the RS232 interface.
These results can be recorded, displayed and analysed by the
powerful TDMS software, which allows creating a data base of
test results for all the plant.
The ease of operation has been the first goal of T 2000: this is
why the LCD is graphic, and so large. With it, the dialogue in MENU
mode is made easy. Besides, all T 2000 outputs relevant to the
selected test are continuously measured, and output values are
displayed, with no extra effort to the operator.
Additional features are:
. Two meters, current and voltage, with independent inputs, and
with High and Low inputs each, allow measuring CT or VT outputs
or any other source;
. The optional thermal printer gives the immediate printout of the
CT saturation curve;
. An auxiliary contact, that follows START and STOP inputs, allows
simulating the circuit breaker.
At power-on, there is a message asking to wait for the self
diagnosis is completed. After this, the following menu is displayed.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 8 of 86
The desired operation is accessed by the multi-function wheel.

The following chapters explain how to operate with the above
selections.
NOTE: WINDOWS is a trademark of MICROSOFT inc.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 9 of 86
1 TEST SET DESCRIPTION AND USE

In this chapter we describe the test set and inform about the
operations that are common to relay or transformers testing.
1.1 THE FRONT PANEL
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 10 of 86
The following list includes the key components inside T 2000.

1) Supply socket and main supply fuse, rated T5A, incorporated in
the supply socket.
2) Power-on switch, with light.
4) Emergency push-button with lock-in.
5) Main outputs transformer.
6) Main outputs adjustment.
7) INTE ON-OFF printed circuit board; code YWA11410.
8) Earth socket.
11) Back panel board ; code YWA11413.
12) High output current measurement transformer.
13) Output sockets for high current output.
15) Microprocessor board, code YWA41300.
16) Converter board code YWA11401.
17) Front panel board; code YWA11411.
22) MENU control knob, with switch.
23) Display.
25) Serial interface connector.
26) Main current outputs measuring transformer.
27) Main current output sockets.
28) High Voltage enable key.
29) Variable transformer home position switch.
44) 800 A range selection light.
45) 40 A or 25 V range selection light.
46) 10 A or 90 V range selection light.
49) ON + TIME light: current is generated and time metered until
STOP is detected.
50) OFF light: no current generation.
51) ON light: current is generated.
52) OFF + TIME light: current is removed and time metered until
STOP is detected.
53) Main AC voltage selection light.
54) Main DC current or current impulses selection light.
55 and 56) START and STOP push-buttons.
57) Push-button for the selection of main output.
58) HV voltage on light.
60) Main AC voltage safety sockets.
61) Main DC current or current impulses safety sockets.
67) External current meter safety sockets.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 11 of 86
68) External voltage meter safety sockets.

69) 25 mA metering input protection fuse.
70) 10 V measurement input connector.
80)
81)
82)
83)
84)
85)
86)
87)
88)
89)
Transformer protection thermal switches.

Serial interface supply transformer.
Electronic power switch (SCR).
TRANFORMERS board for the auxiliary supplies, PWA11412.
HV output measurement transformer.
Fan.
Primary circuit breaker.
HV opening relay.
HV output current meter.
Input current meter.
NOTE: the connector to the 10 V input (70) can be removed only

acting on the connector body. DONT PULL THE CABLE, AS YOU
COULD DAMAGE IT!
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 12 of 86
1.2 THE POP- UP MENU

The following is the list of features that are menu selected. The
menu is operated by means of the control knob marked MENU, that
incorporates a switch. The menu is entered pressing the knob and
selecting the item moving the knob. Once the item has bee found
and programmed, pressing the arrow the menu moves back of one
step, so that other programming can be performed; else, selecting
ESC the menu returns to the main window.
The first display is the following.
Next screens depend upon the type of selection:

. For transformer tests, there is a dedicated screen for each type
of test: only relevant parameters are displayed and recorded.
. Other selections: Resistance, Results, Preferences, Test header.
Any setting can be saved to and recalled from the memory. Up to
10 settings can be stored and recalled; setting no. 0 is the default
one, and pops up at power-on. Settings are permanently stored in
the memory; new settings can be written to the same address
after confirmation. For normal mode operation it is possible to
recall the standard setting, that cannot be modified.
During the test, test results can be stored in the memory (up to
500 results may be stored). At the end of test, settings and test
results can be transmitted to a PC provided with TDMS. The
software allows saving test results, examining them and so on.
The specification of TDMS is given in a separate document.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 13 of 86
When the PC is connected, settings can also be created and

transferred into T 2000 using TDMS.
1.2.1 Transformers selection
With this selection, the choice is: CT; VT; PT. After entering the
final selection, the operator can input the relevant parameters,
still by using the multi-function knob: turning it allows changing
the parameter; pressing it makes it possible to go to next
parameter.
Once all parameters are set, it is possible to start the test and
execute it. Test time is kept to the minimum to avoid the excess
of heating.
The following table summarizes all tests and the corresponding
performances.
DOC. MI E12210
TES
T
OF
CT
N. 1
CT
N. 2
CT
N. 3
Rev. 4
TEST
DESCRIPTIO
N
Ratio Voltage
mode
INPUT
DATA
-I
primary
;
-I
second
ary
(nomin
al
values)
Voltag
e
output
Voltag
e input
Ratio, polarity - I
and burden
primary
;
-I
second
ary
(nomin
al
values)
;
Clamp
Y/N;
Clamp
ratio;
Voltag
e
input.
Burden,
- IN
secondary side second
ary
(nomin
al
value);
Voltag
Page 14 of 86
CONN.
OUT
CONN. MEASUREMENTS
IN
High/Lo
w V AC
to CT
seconda
ry
CT
primary
to low
or high
Vin
1) High / Low VAC

out;
2) Low V in;
3) Polarity;
4) Actual ratio;
5) Ratio error %;
and excitation
curve, if selected
High I
AC
to CT
primary
CT
second
ary
to high
I in;
(Low
Iin with
Clamp)
;
CT
second
ary to
Vin low
or high.
1) High I AC out
(primary);
2) I in
(secondary);
3) Nominal ratio;
4) Actual ratio;
5) Ratio % error;
6) Polarity
7) VA rating
8) Power factor;
Low I AC CT
to
burden
CT
to Vin
burden
1) I out
(secondary);
2) V out
(secondary);
3) Phase V-I out
(secondary);
4) Power factor;
5) VA rating;
DOC. MI E12210
CT
N. 4
Excitation
curve
CT
N. 5
Winding or
burden
resistance
CT
N. 6
Voltage
withstand
Rev. 4
e
input.
Curren
t
output
Voltag
e
output
- I nom
second
ary
- VA
rating
Accurac
y class
Overlo
ad
Interna
l loss
Standa
rd
(IEC,
ANSI)
Temper
ature
compe
nsation
Y/N
Ambien
t and
target
temper
atures
- Max
High V
AC ;
- Max I
test
- Tmax
Page 15 of 86
High V
AC to CT
seconda
ry
1) High V AC out;
2) I out of High V
AC;
3) Iout-Vout
curve;
4) Current at
knee, IKm;
5) Voltage at
knee, VKm
Low I DC CT
to CT
burden
burden
to Vin
or
winding
1) Low I DC out;
2) V of lowI DC
out;
3) Resistance;
4) Compensated
resistance
High V
AC to:
Primary
and
seconda
ry;
1) High V AC out;
2) I out of High V
AC ;
3) Elapsed Time
DOC. MI E12210
CT
N. 7
Rev. 4
Polarity by
impulses
Page 16 of 86
Low IDC
to CT
primary
INPUT
DATA
V
primary
in kV;
V
seconda
ry;
Connecti
on LL,
LN for
primary
and
seco nda
ry
(nominal
values)
Burden,
-V
secondary side seconda
ry
(nominal
value)
Connecti
on LL,
LN
Voltage
output
Voltage
input
CT sec.
to Iin
1) I DC out;
2) I secondary;
3) Polarity
TEST TEST
OF
DESCRIPTION
VT
Ratio; polarity
N. 8
CONN.
OUT
High V
AC
to VT
primary
CONN. IN MEASUREMENTS
VT
N. 9
Low V
AC to
VT
burden
VT burden 1) V out
to V in (if
(secondary);
enabled)
2) I out
(secondary);
3) Phase V-I ;
4) Power factor;
5) VA rating
VT
Electronic
N. 10 Voltage
Transformers
-V
primary;
-V
seconda
ry;
Connecti
on LL,
VT
1) High VAC
secondary (primary)
to V in
2) V in
(secondary);
3) Phase shift ;
4) Actual ratio;
5) Ratio error %;
6) Polarity
High V
VT
AC
secondary
to VT
to V in
primary
1) High VAC
(primary)
2) V in
(secondary);
3) Actual ratio;
4) Ratio error %;
5) Polarity
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
VT
Voltage
N. 11 withstand
VT
Over-current
N. 12 protection
PT
Ratio per Tap
N. 13
PT
Resistance of
N. 14 Tap Changer
contacts
PT
Dynamic tap
N. 15 changer test
LN for
primary
and
seconda
ry
(nominal
values)
- Max
High V
AC;
- Max I
test;
- Test
duration
.
- I Trip
- Output
current
-V
primary
in kV;
-V
seconda
ry;
Connecti
on LL,
LN for
primary
and
seconda
ry
Tempera
ture
compens
ation
Y/N
Ambient
and
target
tempera
tures
- Time
base
Page 17 of 86
High V
AC to
Primary
and
second
ary;
1) High V AC out;
2) I out of High V
AC ;
3) Elapsed Time
Low I
AC to
VT
protecti
on
High V
VT
AC
secondary
to VT
to V in
primary
1) I out
(secondary)
2) I trip
Low I
DC
V in
1) I DC out;
2) V of IDC out;
3) Resistance;
4)Compensated
resistance
Low I
DC
V in
1) I DC out;
2) V of IDC out;
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
High V AC out;
I of High V AC;
Phase V-I
V in;
Actual ratio;
Ratio error %.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 18 of 86
- trigger
level
R
Resistance or
Grid
resistivity of
N. 16 earthing grid
- Output
voltage
- Input
voltage
Low V
AC to
auxiliar
y spike
3) Resistance;
4) Resistance
waveform
V input
1) Output
from
voltage
measurem 2) Output current
ent
3) Input voltage
spike(s)
4) Ground
resistance or
Ground resistivity
1.3 POWER- ON
At first, be sure that the main control knob (6) is turned (rotated)
to the zero position (complete counter-clockwise). The reason is
that the current generator is actually a high current voltage
generator. If the output is connected to the load (typically low
impedance), as soon as the test is started, a very high current
can circulate in the circuit.
Next, connect the mains supply cable to the instrument and then
to the supply. The power supply must be made of three wires:
phase, neutral and ground. It is also intended that the neutral will
have a low voltage with respect to ground (20 V maximum).
If you need an extension cable, use a cable where the copper
cross section of 6 sq. mm. minimum: this serves to prevent
heating and voltage drops, that would cause also a reduction of
the performances.
Power-on T 2000: the test set checks if it is connected to the
ground; if not, it alerts the operator with the following message.
All operations will be inhibited until the ground is available; poweroff, connect to the ground and then power-on again. Usually the
grounding connection is provided by the power supply cord; if the
ground connection is not available at the power outlet, connect T
2000 to ground using the yellow/green cable with crocodile
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 19 of 86
provided. The connection to water pipes or to a big metal frame

will do.
NOTE: this protection checks the voltage between phases and
ground; at least one of them (the neutral) must have a low
voltage with respect to the ground. This means that T 2000
cannot be powered by two phases of a 220 V (or 110 V) threephase supply (127 V or 63.5 V phase to neutral).
If you are in this situation, and you are sure that the ground is
there, you can over-ride the alarm as follows:
. Press the > key;
. The alarm will show up again;
. Press the > key four times in all: the message will disappear, and
you can continue.
T 2000 diagnostic tests also the voltage supply value: if it
exceeds the limits of 20%, one of the following messages will be
displayed.
If the ground is connected, the following message is displayed.
During this time, a diagnostic sequence controls:

. Key microprocessor board components;
. Auxiliary supply voltages.
If something is wrong, the operator is alerted by one of the
following messages.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 20 of 86
At the end of it, default selections are active; T 2000 is in the

OFF state.
If some selection keys are pressed at power-on, the following
message warns the operator to release them.
After power-on, the following control lights turn on (default

situation):
. TEST OFF (50);
. MENU SELECTION: 40 A SOCKET (45).
To operate the test set it is necessary to perform the pop-up
menu selections. During operation, if something goes wrong the
test set protections intervene; usually, the operator is alerted by
a message.
1.4 OUTPUTS DESCRIPTION AND HAZARDOUS SITUATIONS
1.4.1 Main current and voltage outputs
The first thing to be understood is that all main outputs are
generated by a sole transformer, and are adjusted by knob (6); as
a consequence:
. It is impossible to adjust separately the AC current and the AC
voltage;
. The output selection does not open the unselected outputs;
. Only one connection should be made to main outputs. In
particular, if there are two connections to output sockets (27)
and (13), the displayed current value is meaningless, currents will
divide as a function of the burden.
The situation of zeros is the following:
. There are three independent zero: 800 A; 3000 V; all other main
outputs;
. The zero of low current outputs is in common with the 250 V AC
output, but it is not directly connected to the zero of the DC
current output, as there is a rectifying bridge between them. DO
NOT CONNECT THESE ZERO BETWEEN THEM: this would cause a
short-circuit on one of the rectifying diodes.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 21 of 86
The only exception to the above is the HV output: it is not

connected if it is not selected. However, when HV is selected, if a
load is connected to the main AC current or AC voltage or DC
current, as HV is adjusted these outputs will generate in a not
controlled way. Coming to the characteristics of main supplies, the
following applies.
. The quality of the waveform is depending upon the quality of the
voltage supply. Please do not blame T 2000 for distorted
waveforms!
. Current outputs are generated by a voltage transformer with low
voltage and high current ratings. As a consequence, the current is
a function of the load: you cannot pre-set the current value by
adjusting knob (6). These outputs are not hazardous, as voltage is
low; however, current capability is high; so, take care not to
touch both conductors with a ring, watch or metal tool: it
would heat-up very quickly.
. AC voltage can be dangerous, as the range is 250 V: do not
touch both ends.
. DC current is low voltage and current limited; so, it is not
dangerous.
. Do not generate high power for a long while. If you are
overloading the output, the test set will cut it off after a while,
according to the table in the cover; in hot weather, the thermal
protection could intervene, cutting the operation for a long while.
Besides, repeating tests in overload conditions reduces the life of
the components.
. If in a plant being build up the AC supply is missing, sometimes a
stand-by generator or a DC to AC converter can be used. In this
instance, the quality of the supply can be very poor, to the point
that it could be impossible to perform tests. In particular, if a DC
to AC converter is used, it must be generating a real sinusoidal
waveform: cheaper converters generate a trapezoid shaped
waveform. This can also be the problem if a filter is used on the
mains.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 22 of 86
1.4.2 HV voltage output

Coming now to the HV output, IT IS VERY DANGEROUS; so,
please take the maximum care when using it.
. Never leave connection cables connected, even if the output
is unused. T 2000 HV connectors are suited for HV isolation;
instead, connection cables have at their ends some accessible
clip-on crocodiles. It is true that HV is disconnected when not
used; however, there is a relay that performs this, and if the relay
fails, you have HV on your leads while performing other tests.
. Connect the cable to the test device before enabling the HV
test. Here again, a mistake is always possible. DO NOT CONNECT
THE TEST DEVICE WHEN OUTPUTS ARE ACTIVE!
. If possible, do not connect to ground any of HV voltage
outputs. The high voltage generator has both sockets not
connected to ground. In this situation, the accidental contact of
the operator with either output would be of no consequence; this
means that the operation would be safer.
The connection of one side of the output to ground reduces the
safety margin. The contact to ground of the other lead would
cause a short circuit to the HV output, with immediate
disconnection of the test set. Much worse, the accidental contact
of the operator with the other lead would submit him to the high
voltage, WITH NO PROTECTION FROM THE TEST SET. This is why
an isolated operation is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED WHENEVER
POSSIBLE.
The recommendation does not apply to the isolation test, where
one of the two leads must be grounded. During this test the above
recommendations apply, so, take special care.
The HV is generated only while the START button (56) is pressed:
this is an additional safety feature. The operator will have both
hands occupied: one for the knob (6), the other for the button
(56); however, this is much safer than starting the HV generation,
and then forgetting it in the ON state.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 23 of 86
When the connection is performed, connect the crocodile first,

then connect the cable to the HV connectors.
The HV connector is made of a moving body, a threaded part on
which is located a nut: see sketch.
You cannot remove the connection pulling the cable: it is
necessary to act on the body. If, for safety reasons, you do not
want that the connection is removed, it is possible to lock the
moving body with the nut. After this, the connector cannot be
removed, until the nut is unscrewed to its former position.
BODY
THREAD
NUT
1.4.3 Hazardous situation summary

The following table summarizes the most hazardous situations
discussed above. Please consider this list, and check the situation
in case of doubt.
SITUATION
Long generation of
outputs
CAUSE OF RISK
CONTROL
Possible danger of overCheck burden

heating components,
and duration
specially with high ambient
temperature
HV cables
Risk to the user if the
No HV cable
connected while not isolation relay fails
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 24 of 86
used
High AC voltage
In this situation, if the
output connected to operator touches the
ground
other terminal, he would
be subject to a mortal
voltage: it is necessary to
be extremely cautious.
Connection while
In this situation there is
the output is active voltage on the connection
cables: there is the risk of
being hit touching them.
Disconnection while The inductive load would
the output is active cause a very high voltage
spike.
Connection to a live
The connection can be
wire
dangerous to the test set.
Ground
connection
The test set

must be OFF
The test set

must be OFF
Test before
connecting
1.5 C URRENT GENERATION

If the following current limits and time duration of main current
outputs are trespassed, the generation is interrupted, and the
operator is warned by an alarm message.
HIGH AC CURRENT
CURRENT
OUTPUT
ON
OUTPUT
POWER
TIME
A
VA
s
100
600
STEADY
150
800
15 min
200
1000
4 min
400
1600
15
600
2000
5
800
2000
1
With the T 2000E model, the performance is the
CURRENT
A
MAX
POWER
VA
100
850
MAX
ON
TIME
s
CONT.
OFF
TIME
min
-
MAX
TOTAL
LOAD
mOhm
86
OFF
TIME
min
30
15
5
3
2
following.
LOAD
W/O
CABLES
mOhm
80
POWER
W/O
CABLES
VA
800
DOC. MI E12210
150
200
300
400
600
800
Rev. 4
1200
1550
2050
2400
2600
2100
LOW AC CURRENT
RANGE
CURRENT
A AC
OUTPUT
A
40
12
18
24
36
48
60
10
5
7.5
10
15
20
Page 25 of 86
15 min
4 min
15
15
5
1
30
15
5
5
3
2
OUTPUT
POWER
VA
300
800
1000
400
800
1000
55
39
23
15
7
3
LOAD
TIME
s
STEADY
15 min
4 min
15
5
1
STEADY
15 min
60
30
15
49
33
17
9
1
-
1100
1320
1530
1440
360
-
RECOVERY
TIME
min
30
15
5
3
2
30
15
10
5
This generator serves for the test of VT protections, where low

current is necessary. The procedure is the following.
. At first, be sure that the main control knob (6) is turned
(rotated) to the zero position (complete counter-clockwise).
. Power-on T 2000.
. Select by the push-button (57) the measurement on the desired
output sockets (13), according to the maximum current to be
generated: the LED turns on; the AC voltage value is displayed.
. Connect the device to be tested to sockets (13). Consider that
for tests of 40 A up it is necessary to connect the relay by a wire
having at least a cross section of 10 sq. mm; for lower currents, a
cross section of 2.5 sq. mm can be used.
. Press ON and adjust the output current to the desired value with
knob (6).
. After you have started the test, if the burden is a short circuit
made of a short cable, you measure at zero knob position a
current that usually is less than 3% of the range. This value does
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 26 of 86
not influence at all the measurement of the current you are

generating: it is not an error of the measurement instrument.
. There is also another possible problem: the desired current
cannot be reached. If it is impossible to reach the desired value,
this is because the burden is too high. Very often the problem
comes from connection wires; so, to perform the test it is
necessary either to shorten them, or to increase the cross section
(or both).
Note that the test starts and stops as the current passes the
zero.
1.6 F ILTERING HEAVY BURDEN DISTORTION WITH THE FT1000
OPTION
Some very old electromechanical relays may have very inductive

loads, which change in value during the test. As the test set
current output is the ratio of applied voltage divided by the burden
impedance, the inductance change causes current changes.
The optional FT1000 opposes to such changes, and smoothes
them away. The option includes an inductor, which adds to the
burden, but stabilizes the current.
The connection schematic is the following one (case of 10 A).
10A
I1
IN
FT1000
RELAY
First of all, Select the operating frequency at 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

Next, all you have to do is to connect FT1000 in series to the
T2000 selected output: the FT1000 range shall be the same or
greater than the one of T2000. You can now perform tests as
usual.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 27 of 86
1.7 OPTIONAL THERMAL PRINTER

The optional thermal printer allows to print the selected test
result. The connection is performed via the RS232 interface, using
the serial cable provided.
To get the printout, select the desired result and reach for the
printer icon on the screen by means of the multifunction selector:
the screen is printed.
1.8 PROTECTIONS
- If the test set is not connected to the ground, the test set does
not allow for power generation, and warns the operator with the
above diagnostic message.
- If the power supply value is not within 20% of the nominal, the
test set does not allow for power generation, and warns the
operator with the above diagnostic message.
- Fuse on the mains supply: if open, the power-on switch does
not turn on.
- At power-on, a diagnostic sequence controls:
. Key microprocessor board components;
. Auxiliary supply voltages.
If something is wrong, the operator is alerted by the above
diagnostic messages.
- Emergency pushbutton: if pressed, main transformer primary
circuit is open; all main outputs are removed. In this instance, the
following message is displayed.
After pressed, the pushbutton stays in the emergency position
until released by rotating it; as it is, the message disappears.
- The high voltage output has the following protections:
. HV outputs are disconnected when not used;
. It is possible to access HV generation only in some tests;
otherwise, the access is inhibited;
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 28 of 86
. Confirmation key: if not turned ON, the HV output is not

generated. If the key is turned ON while T 2000 is generating
other outputs, the generation is interrupted, and the following
message is displayed:
. When a suitable test is selected, the test set informs the
operator when the HV key should be turned ON:
. It is impossible to start generating the HV unless the adjustment
knob is at zero; in this instance, the following message is
displayed.
. The HV output is generated only until the START (H.V.)

button is pressed: releasing the button interrupts immediately
the generation. The test has to be started over again. Note that
this feature applies only to HV generation: for all other
generations, a single touch on START is enough.
- The transformer
magnetization. On
the test is broken
been adjusted to
displayed.
under test cannot be left with some remaining

some tests (like the saturation curve test), if
during the generation, and the output has not
zero prior to stop, the following message is
In this instance, the operator has to start again the test, slowly
reach the same test value and slowly decrease to zero.
- Thermal (NTC) sensor on the main and auxiliary transformers. In
case of over-temperature, the following message is displayed. It is
necessary to power-off and wait until T 2000 cools down.
- Thermal sensor on the T 2000 inside. If T 2000 is too hot, the

following message is displayed. It is necessary to power-off and
wait until T 2000 cools down.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 29 of 86
- Thermal sensor on the T 2000 inside. If T 2000 is too cold, the

following message is displayed. The low temperature affects the
display operation.
- If maximum time duration of power transformer generators are

trespassed (see the table in the Specifications chapter), the
generation is interrupted, and the operator is warned by the
following message.
Pressing the knob, T 2000 displays the pause time duration:
- The main AC voltage source is protected against overloads. In

this instance, the following message is displayed.
- The main DC current source is protected against over-voltages,

that could be caused by the load inductance. In addition, the
output is automatically kept to zero as test stops, so that any
residual energy on the external load is discharged: during this
time, the following message is displayed.
- The 20 mA measurement input is protected by fuse (69), rated

F63mA, against wrong connections.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 30 of 86
2 TRANSFORMERS TESTING FUNDAMENTALS

Many of tests explained in this manual involve high voltage and/or
current, and should be performed by experienced personnel,
familiar with the peculiarity or dangers that may exist during test
setup and procedures. While some dangers have been pointed out,
it is impractical to list all necessary precautions.
2.1 C URRENT TRANSFORMERS
Most used current transformers have no primary winding, as the
primary is made of the primary conductor passing once through
the center of a toroidal core to perform its function. Since the
secondary winding is uniformly distributed about the core and only
a single primary turn is used, essentially all magnetic flux is linked
to the secondary winding, and there is essentially no leakage flux;
this means also that the leakage reactance is negligible.
CTs of this type are classified C type per ANSI/IEEE C57.13-1978,
indicating that ratio correction at any current can be calculated
once the burden, the secondary winding resistance and the
excitation characteristics are known. With this type of CTs the
same standard states that all tapped sections shall be so arranged
that the ratio can be calculated from the excitation
characteristics.
Measuring the burden of the CT is important because the data
allows verifying the accuracy of the transformer itself.
The internal burden is the resistance of internal windings plus
connection cables, and can be measured. Also the external burden
can be measured, both as resistance and as impedance. For the
correct measurement of the external burden, please consider the
following notes.
. All relays and other devices should be connected before the
measurement, on the correct tap.
. If a parallel CT exists, it should be disconnected.
. The burden of electromechanical relays can be quite high,
particularly with ground protection relays.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 31 of 86
2.2 REMANENCE
All transformers with iron cores have the problem of residual
magnetization. The core materials are subject to hysteresis: if a
current through the transformer is interrupted, the flux density
does not become zero while the current is zero. If the current
interrupted is high, or if it is a DC current, remanence can be
substantial, and can even be higher of the saturation knee.
When the current is next energized, the flux change will start from
the remanent value, and if the flux change is in the direction of
the remanence, a large part of the cycle may find the transformer
being saturated. When this occurs, much of the primary current is
required for excitation, while the secondary current is significantly
reduced, and distorted on alternate half cycles.
The condition can be corrected by demagnetizing the current
transformer. This is performed by selecting the saturation curve
test, and applying to the secondary winding a voltage that should
be starting from zero and then slowly increased until the
saturation knee is passed; then, slowly decreasing (10 seconds)
the voltage down to zero. The amount of saturation depends upon
the value of the interrupted current: the higher the value the
higher the saturation degree.
2.3 HIGH CURRENT TESTS
The high current generator is actually a low voltage, high current
voltage generator. As a consequence, the voltage output is safe:
touching conductors during the test would not be hazardous.
However, there are two hazards to be considered:
. Touching the high current leads with a metal object, such as
the ring, watch, chain, would cause an extremely high
current to the object, that would quickly increase its
temperature: this would cause severe burns to the operator.
. The high current generates high heat, specially at clamps:
do not touch the cable without gloves, after a long test or an
high current test.
2.4 WINDING RESISTANCE TEST
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 32 of 86
Usually transformers are used at 50 Hz, so their inductance is very

low, as it is due to magnetic field losses. When the winding
resistance is tested, we apply a DC current to a load that is
heavily inductive, in the order of hundred or thousand of Henry.
The T 2000 generator is actually a voltage generator, with a
resistor in series and one in parallel to the load. With this type of
load, the time constant for the current to reach its maximum is in
the order of seconds, possibly minutes. For the sake of measuring
the resistance it is not important that the current is perfectly
stable; however, this gives the idea of the fact that if the
adjustment knob is moved quickly, the current does not follow,
and continues to grow until its asymptotic value.
All this is when the current is increased: more important to be
considered is what happens when the current has to be decreased
to zero. When the resistance is measured, and the test should be
stopped, T 2000 does not accept the stop command, and
awaits for the knob to be adjusted to zero. The movement should
be slow enough to allow for the magnetic energy stored into the
transformer to be dissipated into the parallel resistor; when the
knob is at zero, T 2000 accepts the STOP command, but keeps on
measuring the current, and shows a message until it is decreased
to zero.
The load can be disconnected only after the message is
disappeared; however, for added safety, you can short
circuit the winding prior to remove the connections.
Do not remove the connection while the test is on, or until
the message is not disappeared: interrupting the circuit with
a non dissipated magnetic energy would generate an overvoltage on the connection lead in your hand, that can be in
the order of thousand of Volts: this is hazardous for you and
can damage T 2000.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 33 of 86
3 WHATS INSIDE?
3.1 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
The test set is contained in a housing, to which it is fixed by
means of nine (also rubber feet) screws that are located below it:
see the following picture.
MOUNTING
SCREWS
After removal, the test set is shown in the following picture.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 34 of 86
The mechanical components are:

. The front plate, on which are mounted: the VARIAC transformer,
all interfacing components and the front board;
. The base plate, on which are mounted all other components;
. Five legs on the corners keep together the two plates.
The following is the list of the most important components.
5) Main outputs transformer, XTF10350.
6) Main outputs adjustment VARIAC.
7) INTE-T 3000 printed circuit board; code YWA11410.
11) Back panel board ; code YWA11413.
15) Microprocessor board, code YWA41300.
16) Converter T 3000 board, code YWA21401.
26) High current measuring transformer, XTF20062.
DOC. MI E12210
80)
81)
82)
83)
84)
85)
86)
87)
88)
Rev. 4
Page 35 of 86
Low currents measurement transformer, XTF20059.

Serial interface supply transformer, XTF10357.
Power SCRs to control the test start-stop.
TRANFORMERS board for the auxiliary supplies, PWA11412.
HV output measurement transformer, XTF20049.
Fan.
Primary circuit breaker.
HV opening relay.
HV output current meter, XTF20059.
There is a main board mounted just below the front panel, and a
number of components mounted on the bottom panel. The
arrangement of the main components mounted on the bottom
panel is shown in the figure and pictures below.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 36 of 86
On the upper corner are mounted the control cards: they are:
MICRO-T1000, PWA41300; CONV T 3000, PWA21401; INTE-T
3000, PWA11410, TRANSFORMERS, PWA11412. They are
connected to the back-panel PWA11413, and to the front panel
via three flat cables.
The first three cards are kept in place by the piece of aluminium
sheet on the right. If a board is failing, it is necessary to remove
the two screws.
The last board, TRANSFORMERS, is kept in place by the screw on
the front, as shown: it must be removed for card replacement.
On the bottom are also mounted the following components:

5) Main outputs transformer, XTF10350.
81) Serial interface supply transformer, XTF10357 (below the
control cards).
82) Power SCRs to control the test start-stop.
84) HV output measurement transformer, XTF20049.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 37 of 86
86) Primary circuit breaker.

87) HV opening relay.
On the front panel are mounted the following components:
6) Main outputs adjustment VARIAC.
The upper part of the test set, after opening, is shown in the
following picture.
3.2 DETAILED FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

The following is the list of the most important boards: for each
board is provided the explanation of the key functions performed.
3.2.1 Main output transformer, XTF10350 (5)
The main output transformer (5) has the following secondary
windings. For connections, see the schematic at the end of this
manual.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
VOLTAGE
V
6
POWER
VA
600
250+
90+
25+
9
125
450
300
45
3000
600
Page 38 of 86
PURPOSE
800 A output (1 s maximum); 100 A
steady
0.5 A steady
10 A output (60 s maximum); 5 A steady
40 A output (60 s maximum); 12 A steady
5 A DC output steady
(same common)
0.2 A steady: isolated from other
outputs.
3.2.2 Main front board PWA11411 (17)

The board includes many different circuits:
START/STOP contacts filters.
Back-light supply and contrast adjustment.
Push-buttons.
LEDs.
Control and discharge of the filter capacitor for the main DC
voltage generation.
Serial interface.
Reduced power selection relay.
Auxiliary relay.
Transformer and shunt for the auxiliary AC voltage and current
measurement.
The board includes also three isolated circuits for the
measurement of: 600 V external input; I external inputs (25 mA
and 10 A); internal auxiliary DC V supply.
All circuits have: gain selections; high accuracy amplifiers; high
accuracy isolated op amps.
Analog outputs are taken to CONV-3000, for the ADC
conversion.
At the end of the document are given the mounting layout and the
connectors disposition.
3.2.3 TRANSFORMERS board PWA21412 (83)
The board hosts a pair of transformers, that generate all the
auxiliary voltages that serve to supply the circuits that have to be
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 39 of 86
isolated among them, and also the auxiliary + 5 V for all logic
circuits, and 15 V for all analog circuits.
The board includes a number of fuses. The following table
summarizes: the fuse name, he fuse value, the circuit supplied.
FUSE
NAME
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
RATING (A)
CIRCUIT SUPPLIED
0.75
2
0.75
0.75
2
2
0.75
2
0.75
+ 5 V AUXILIARY SUPPLY
- 15 V AUXILIARY SUPPLY
HIGH VOLTAGE RELAYS
AUXILIARY RELAY
START INPUT SUPPLY
GENERAL SUPPLY CIRCUIT BREAKER
STOP INPUT SUPPLY
All fuses are of the SMD type. The following figure shows the
fuses location, on the bottom side of the board.
3.2.4 CONV-T 3000 board PWA21401 (16)
TASK 1: to convert all analog measurement signals (the above

+ main I + main V AC + main V DC + auxiliary V AC) into digital
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 40 of 86
signals. This is performed by two 12-bit, 4 channels each

parallel ADC converters.
TASK 2: to generate a squared waveform in phase with the
mains input, and to square the AC current and voltage signals
for the phase meter. Three circuits with amplifiers, limiters,
comparators perform this task.
TASK 3: to generate a sinusoidal waveform, with controlled
frequency and amplitude, that will be passed to the auxiliary
AC voltage amplifier (10). This is made by the local micro DSP
processor that generates the inputs for two DACs, that
control the amplitude and the waveform, at 10 kHz.
On the board is located a set of 8 switches; their meaning is

summarized in the following table.
Dip
number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Meaning
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
T2000 model: ON = T2000
T2000 model: ON = T2000
1200 V model: ON = 1200 V
Force download : OFF =no , ON = force download
3.2.5 INTE ON-OFF T 3000 board PWA11410 (7)
TASK 1: to detect the START and STOP inputs closed open

situation via two isolated constant current generator circuits,
with wet/dry selection and opto-isolated logic output.
TASK 2: to drive the ON-OFF of the test set. There is the
circuit that drives the power SCR pair (mounted on the back
plate). SCR characteristics: 1200 V AC; 50 A steady; 200 A
peak.
TASK 3: diagnostic circuits of the main auxiliary supplies.
3.2.6 MICR T1000 board PWA41300 (15)

The microprocessor board is the same as the one of the DRTS
family, but without the two PLAs. It is controlling the test set
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 41 of 86
operation, test and results handling and the communication with

the PC, but not the AC waveform generation, that is controlled by
a dedicated slave microprocessor.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 42 of 86
4 THE HELL, IT DOESNT WORK

4.1 INTRODUCTION
Sometimes, when my ears whistle, I wonder if it is because of
some of my customers being angry at us because the test set
doesnt work: according to Murphys law, when it was most
necessary. We at ISA do our best efforts to filter the so-called
infant mortality of electronic components prior to delivery of all our
test sets; and this after extensive testing of prototypes and preproduction units.
Yet, sometimes faults occur, because everything dies, including
electronic components; so, please, before shooting at us, see if
the following instructions can serve you to fix the problem. If not,
e-mail us the problem, not forgetting to mention the units
serial number: our business is to minimize your downtime. My email address is:
primo.lodi@isatest.com
Last, our experience is that our test sets withstand very heavy
duty cycles for long wiles, if correctly used; most problems arise
because of:
. Voltage or current neutral is connected to earth;
. Severe spikes on the mains (spikes are not always so kind to
respect standard limits);
. Transit, with the associated drops and thermal cycling;
. Errors, such as the connection to live wires, or generating
current on a short circuit with the handle completely turned to the
maximum current.
Please mention in your e-mail how did the fault occur: this serves
us for our continuous improvement program.
4.2 ERROR MESSAGES
The test set performs a number of tests at power-on and during
the generation. The following table lists all the messages, and the
corrective action.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 43 of 86
A) TESTS AT POWER-ON (and runtime)

ERROR MESSAGE
CONSEQUENCE
EMERGENCY
The test set is

blocked.
Test set not

connected to
ground; power off
and correct
The test cannot

proceed
Power supply too

low! Power off and
correct
The message is
repeated twice;
then the test can
proceed
Power supply too

high! Power off and
correct
The test cannot

proceed
Diagnostic error + 15
V auxiliary supply
If the error is not

confirmed it is
possible to
continue; else, the
test cannot
proceed
(NOTE 1)
Diagnostic error - 15
V auxiliary supply
If the error is not

confirmed it is
possible to
continue; else, the
test cannot
proceed
(NOTE 1)
CORRECTIVE
ACTION
The EMERGENCY key
is locked: press and
rotate it, so that it
is released.
Connect the test
set to ground using
the dedicated
socket and ground
cable.
Correct the supply.
A slightly reduced
voltage causes the
corresponding
reduction in
maximum current
and power; a very
low voltage can
damage the test
set.
Correct the supply,
as there is the risk
to damage the test
set.
Try some power on
off; if persists,
three steps:
. Check the fuses;
. Try to replace the
CONV board;
. Return the test
set.
Try some power on
off; if persists,
three steps:
. Check the fuses;
. Try to replace the
CONV board;
. Return the test
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Diagnostic error NV
memory access
Test results
corrupted
Invalid test result
data
Page 44 of 86
If the error is not

confirmed it is
possible to
continue; else, the
test cannot
proceed
(NOTE 1)
It is necessary to
erase corrupted
data to continue
It is necessary to
erase invalid data
to continue
set.
Fault in the MICR
board: replace it
Using the menu,

erase all results
Using the menu,
erase all results
B) RUNTIME TESTS
ERROR MESSAGE
CONSEQUENCE
The test lasted too

long. Test set is
pausing
Pause. Residual time
XXX seconds
Tests are blocked for

the specified duration
V AC overload:
reduce voltage or
burden
IAC output
connection error
Transformer over
temperature: cool
down lasts 15
If you try to restart

before the above
message disappears,
the test set informs
you about the residual
time
Generation is stopped
(NOTE 1)
CORRECTIVE
ACTION
Wait until the
message
disappears
Wait until the
message
disappears
Reduce voltage
or burden of
main AC voltage
The test set is
sensing two
burdens on main
IAC and VAC:
remove one of
them
The main
transformer
temperature is
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 45 of 86
minutes
T2000 is too hot:

power off for 15
minutes
(NOTE 1)
T2000 is too cold: let

it warm-up
(NOTE 1)
10 V external input
too high!
Measurement is
stopped
600 V external input

too high!
Measurement is
stopped
too high
because of
heavy loads or
very long test
duration: wait
until it cools
down
The test set
temperature is
too high
because of
heavy loads or
very long test
duration: wait
until it cools
down
The test set
temperature is
too low: let it
powered-on
until it heats up
Connect the
input to the 600
V sockets
The input
cannot exceed
600 V AC.
NOTE 1: Sometimes the alarm is false, i.e. the fault is in the

diagnostic circuits (they also can fail), and the test set is OK. In
this case, you can proceed by pressing the buttons <, > and the
control wheel at power on. There will be no confirmation message,
and diagnostic faults will be ignored until you power-off the test
set. TAKE CARE, because this operation skips ALL faults, and the
test set is no more providing alarms in case of too long test
duration during high current generation: MAKE THESE TESTS AS
SHORT AS POSSIBLE!
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 46 of 86
4.3 TROUBLE SHOOTING

In case of malfunctioning, the following table lists the more likely
types of faults, and the correction. Following paragraphs give
more details about the corrections.
SYMPTOM
Problems after
transport
POSSIBLE CAUSE
Heavy shock
At power-on does
not turn on
Mains supply fuse

open
At power-on does
not turn on
The variable
transformer gets
very hot as soon as
the test set is
powered-on
A knob cannot be
moved
Mains fuse is OK
It is impossible to
measure the 20 mA
range
The input was

overloaded; the
PTC protection is
not restored
The
microprocessor has
lost its correction
factors
Fault of the INTE
board
To be located
Measurements are
completely false
Current and voltage

are not generated
The AC voltage
measurement is not
CORRECTION
Open T 3000 and
check for loose
boards or
connections
The fuse is located
in the power supply
plug, in the small
drawer. Replace it.
See paragraph 4.4.
The INTE board is

faulty
Replace INTE
The knob was

badly pushed, and
it touches the
front panel
Remove the plastic

cap on front of the
knob. Un-tighten the
nut: the knob can be
moved. Put a small
thickness below the
knob, and lock the
nut.
Wait 15 minutes
before trying again.
Go to the calibration
procedure and
repeat it.
See paragraph 4.5
See paragraph 4.6
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
stable
Problems after
UPGRADE
False alarm of
missing ground
The display backlight
does not turn on
A test set rated 110
V was supplied at
220 V
I cannot continue
the test with the
High IDC module
Repeat the
procedure
To be located
Page 47 of 86
See paragraph 4.7

See paragraph 4.8
Fault of the
See paragraph 4.9
backlight converter
Fault of some
See paragraph 4.10
protection fuses
The thermal sensor Wait for the module

is intervened.
to cool down.
4.4 AT POWER- ON DOES NOT TURN ON

If at power-on T 3000 does not turn on, and the mains fuse is OK,
the fault is likely to be located in the AC voltage amplifier board
(30): in its turn, the fault loads too much the supply transformer,
and there is no auxiliary supply for the test set.
To verify it, disconnect the auxiliary AC voltage amplifier; poweron and verify: if the test set powers-on, replace the amplifier.
If necessary, repeat the same test on the DC voltage module (9).
If necessary, disconnect also the white, 2-way connector going to
INTE board, that drives the output transformer, and repeat the
same test.
On the edge of the CONV board are mounted a number of ringshaped test points. They carry the key auxiliary supplies, which
operate the test set. The arrangement of the test points is the
following.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 48 of 86
If any of these voltages is missing, the test set cannot operate: it

is necessary to find out if it is a problem of blown fuse, or repair
the auxiliary voltage circuit.
4.5 NO OUTPUT FROM THE MAIN CURRENT AND VOLTAGE
This is the case when you can start the test, but no output is
generated from the main current and voltage outputs. In this
situation the fault is located in the INTE ON-OFF board (7), that is
located in the boards pack. The replacement is very fast: just
follow the instructions above for the opening of T 3000 and board
replacement.
4.6 THE AC VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT IS NOT STABLE
First of all, check that there is no unplugged connector or broken
wire. Next, it is necessary to understand if the problem is in the
measurement or if the output is actually unstable. To this purpose,
connect the output to an AC voltage meter and verify the reading.
If it is unstable as well, the problem is in the amp lifier; otherwise,
it is in the measurement circuit.
In the first instance, amplifier, we have to verify if the problem
comes from the adjustment potentiometer. To this purpose,
proceed as follows:
. Go to the menu and select PREFAULT + FAULT;
. In the PREFAULT mode, the output voltage is adjusted by the
multi-function knob, and not by the potentiometer: please verify
the output. If it is stable, the problem is located in the adjustment
knob. If it is unstable, it can be located on the AP/50 amplifier, or
on the CONV board. The problem when replacing CONV is that, as
it hosts the measurement circuits, after replacing it, it is
necessary to repeat the calibration. It is up to you if you want to
receive the replacement boards or to deliver the test set to us.
In the second instance, the fault is in the measurement, we have
to replace the CONV board, with the problem explained above.
4.7 PROBLEMS DURING UPGRADE
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 49 of 86
If during the Upgrade operation the power went off, and the test
set is no more operational, to recover the situation proceed as
follows.
- Remove (or unlock a little) the metal bar that fixes the two
aluminium columns.
- Remove the pack MICRO + CONV.
- Open the pack MICRO + CONV.
- Change the position of the mini-dip switch N. 8 on the CONV
board (it is OFF; it must be set ON).
- Insert again all the boards.
- Turn on the test set.
- At this point , the instrument should be connect to your PC.
Execute the firmware download.
Verify that the new firmware version appears; if yes, you have
to turn off and set the dipswitch N. 8 to OFF (as it was initially).
4.8 F ALSE ALARM OF MISSING GROUND CONNECTION
The test set includes a circuit that senses if it is connected to
ground. The test circuit compares the voltage of both supplies,
and verifies that the ground connection has a voltage is close to
one of them. This is good for the normal case of the supply being
made of Phase and Neutral: the neutral voltage is about the same
as the ground. However, if you have a phase to phase supply, the
circuit fails: it tells that there is no ground even when the ground
is there. In this instance, after you are sure of the ground
connection, it is possible to over-ride the protection: at power-on,
keep pressed the arrow closest to the knob and the knob.
4.9 THE DISPLAY BACKLIGHT DOES NOT TURN ON OR THE DISPLAY
DOES NOT OPERATE
1. The display backlight does not turn on.

The backlight is supplied by a DC to DC converter that is mounted
on the main board, that is mounted below the front panel. If the
backlight does not turn on, the converter is likely to be faulty.
The replacement is a bit hard, but not impossible.
. Remove T 3000 from the container.
. The converter is mounted as shown in the design below.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 50 of 86
. First of all, verify that the connector is correctly fit, and that
wires are not loose. Then, re-solder the converter to the main
board: we once had a case of poor soldering.
. If this is not enough, it is necessary to replace the converter. To
this purpose, it is necessary to gain access to soldering points by
removing the C shaped spacer that is located just before the
converter.
2. The display does not operate.
In this situation, verify the following.
. The three FLATSTRIP cables from the control board back panel
to the main board could be not completely fit in, as they are
rather hard: check it.
. Verify the voltages on the test points of the CONV board, as
explained above. If some voltage is missing, remove the
TRANSFORMER board PWA11412 and verify the fuses as explained
here below.
. The display is connected to the main front board via a number of
pins, located in the center of the display: verify that there is no
dirt causing a short circuit between them.
. If everything is OK, there is also the possibility that the MICR or
the TRANSFORMER boards are faulty: replace them.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 51 of 86
. If changing the MICR board the fault is still there, it is necessary

to return the test set to ISA for the replacement of the display,
that involves a difficult labor.
4.10 A 110 V RATED TEST SET WAS POWERED AT 220 V
If the test set has been supplied with the wrong supply (230 on
115 V; 380 V on 230 V), the operation is the following.
. First of all, remove the MOV voltage suppressor located below
the mains supply, see the picture.
. Next, replace the fuses on the mains supply plug (in the small
drawer).
. Power-on: usually, the test set is OK.
. If the display does not turn on, or the supply is not on, remove
the transformer board PWA11412, and locate on it nine SMD
fuses: see the picture.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 52 of 86
. Check that they are not open; in case, remove the faulty one,
and replace it by a short-circuit. The following table summarizes
the fuse rating and the generated supply.
FUSE
RATING
SUPPLY
F1
0.375 A
+5V
F2
2A
+ 12 V
F3
0.75 A
+ 15 V
F4
0.75 A
- 15 V
F5
2A
CB 3 kV
F6
2A
RELAY 3 kV
F7
0.75 A
START INPUT
F8
2A
POWER-ON CB
F9
0.75 A
STOP INPUT
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 53 of 86
Other fuses are located on the main board below the front panel.
Of these, there are three fuses located just below the display:
their location is sketched here below.
SUPPLY
TRANSF.
F6
F5
F4
Fuse ratings are: F6: 2 A; F5 and F4: 0.375 A.

After having replaced the faulty fuses, power-on again and try to
generate: if you cannot, also the INTE ON-OFF board has been
damaged, and needs to be replaced. After this, please perform a
complete check of the test set performances.
4.11 THE TEST SET DOES NOT COMMUNICATE WITH THE PC
The serial interface is supplied via a dedicated, small transformer
that is located below the TRANSFORMER board (7): see the
mounting sketch. We have had a run of weak transformers, that
cause the loss of connection. To verify the transformer:
. Just below the serial I/F connector, on the big board, there is an
AMP type connector, white, two wires.
. Remove it, power-on, and measure the voltage on the pins: it
must be around 8 V AC.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 54 of 86
If you measure zero, this means that the transformer is faulty, and
needs to be replaced.
If you measure 8 V AC, then the problem is in the circuit. First of

all, refer to the schematic of the serial I/F circuit at the end of
the document. Next, locate these components on the big board
after the front panel: they are mounted just after the serial I/F
connector.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 55 of 86
U80 is mounted on a DIP socket; you should verify that between

pins 15 and 16 of U80 (0 on pin 15) there should be + 5 V DC.
. If + 5 V is not available, then verify: fuse F12, rectifying bridge
D63, series regulator U79.
. If + 5 V is OK, try to replace U80, MAX232CPE.
. If the communication is wrong after replacing U80, the test set
has to be returned, because the intervention is complicated.
4.12 F AULT ON THE 10 V OR 600 V EXTERNAL MEASUREMENT
The repair involves four steps:
. Dismounting the front panel and the main board from the rest of
the test set;
. Testing the circuit and replacing the faulty components;
. Re-assembling the test set;
. Final test.
1) Dismounting the front panel and the main board from the
rest of the test set.
The process is made of:
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 56 of 86
. Unplugging all the connectors from the upper part to the lower
part;
. Unsoldering the connection wires;
. Unscrewing the wires to the VARIAC;
. Unscrewing the two high current cables from their sockets.
The following pictures have been taken on a T 3000, so, on T
2000 two connectors and two boards (auxiliary AC and DC
supplies) are missing.
On the following picture is shown the lower T 3000 side.
Connectors to be removed are all those going to the main board

and coming from the lower part of the instrument, and the three
screw connections to the VARIAC: please mark them, in order to
avoid errors when the cabling is restored. The fast-on connections
to the front power supply plug are not to be removed. Mark
connectors with the same number of pins: the length should avoid
confusion, but it is safer to have an additional reference.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 57 of 86
The following picture shows the detail of two more wires to

disconnect.
The two black wires, connected to the HV relay with FAST-ON,

are to be unfastened. These wires are connected to the HV
sockets; one of them enters a CT transformer that measures the
HV output current. The CT transformer is tied to the lower part;
so, it is necessary to remove the wire through it. Please note the
path of these wires, as it is to be repeated EXACTLY THE SAME as
the test set is re-assembled: this path is critical because of
inductions from the HV voltage.
Next picture shows the connectors on the right side.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 58 of 86
It is necessary to disconnect the connectors, as shown, and to

unsolder all the wires shown. About this, PATE CARE TO MARK
THEM, IN ORDER TO ENSURE THE SAME SEQUENCE WHEN THEY
WILL BE SOLDERED BACK.
Next picture shows the upper side of the test set.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 59 of 86
Arrows show the two high current wires, to be unscrewed, and

the connectors to remove.
Next picture shows the detail of three flat cable connections to
remove: take care as they are hard to remove and fit, but the
body is a bit fragile.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 60 of 86
Last, as all connections have been removed, remove the front

panel and mother board from the rest, by unscrewing the screws
shown in the next picture.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 61 of 86
After removing these screws, the support legs will remain attached
to the front panel, so that it can be moved without damaging the
components. Take care when you unscrew, in case some
connection was not removed.
2) Testing the circuit and replacing the faulty components
First of all, refer to the attached circuit schematic, that shows
the failing circuit.
The first thing is to verify if there is some component burnt or
physically damaged. The circuit is located on the mother board,
near to the measurement sockets: please refer to the following
mounting drawings. In particular, we suspect that the failing
component is U68: have a close look at it. There is a possibility
that the gas discharger D49 is in short circuit, or that zeener
diodes TZ9 and TZ10 are in short circuit: please verify.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 62 of 86
Components of the voltage measurement circuit.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 63 of 86
Power supply of the voltage and current measurement circuits.

If there is some damaged component, try to replace it; test also if
fuses marked F8 and F9 are open; in case, replace them.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 64 of 86
After this, it is necessary to verify if the measurement circuit is

operational. To this purpose, it is necessary to power-on the test
set; this can be done as follows:
. Connect to the power supply the connectors J10 (lower side of
the test set) and J18 (see mounting schematic above), using the
two extension cables provided;
. Remove the three flat cables from the lower part, replace them
with the three longer cables provided, and connect them to the
upper part.
Power-on: the display shows the starting message, as usual.
Select Relays, and then the two voltage measurement inputs:
they should display zero.
. If the measurement is zero, apply the voltage to one input, and
verify that the me asurement is correct; then repeat on the other.
If everything is OK, the repair is finished.
. If the measurement is not zero, it is necessary to perform other
tests.
First thing, we should verify that the auxiliary DC supplies, + 5
V_MV, + 15 V_MV and 15 V_MV, are correct. To this purpose,
refer to the test point TP19, shown above: it is the zero of these
voltages. Then, measure that the voltage on fuses F8 and F9 is
17.5 V AC nominal: this ensures that the transformer is OK.
. If one or both voltages are zero, temporarily remove fuses
F8 and F9, as necessary, power-on and measure again the
voltage.
IF ONE OR BOTH OUTPUTS on the transformer side ARE
ZERO,
THEN
THE
FAULT
COMES
FROM
THE
TRANSFORMER ITSELF. The recovery of such a fault
implies removing the transformer from the main board:
in this case, please inform us immediately.
If voltages are OK on the transformer side, then
there is a short-circuit on some component. In
this instance, replace all the ICs of the circuit,
and try to power-on again: the short-circuit
should be disappeared. If not, it is necessary to
look at the schematic, and try removing all
components that could cause the short-circuit.
. If AC voltages are OK, please verify the DC voltages between
TP19 and: U69 pin 4 (+15 V); U69 pin 11 (-15 V); U61 pin 1 (+ 5
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 65 of 86
V). If some is missing, either there is a short circuit (in this

instance remove all ICs we have delivered, and try again), or the
corresponding series regulator is broken (very unlikely).
Once AC and DC voltages are OK, if the measurement is still
wrong, replace all ICs we have delivered; if still the measurement
is wrong, it is necessary to follow the circuit schematic to locate
the fault. Key components are:
. PGA204AU, U68: it is a programmable gain amplifier. The gain is
set by the microprocessor, as a function of the input amplitude;
. OPA2477, U69, is a dual 477 op amp;
. MAX312CSE, U70, is a four way analog switch;
. HCPL7800, U61, is a fixed gain isolation amplifier.
3) Re-assembling the test set
The re-assembling will be performed the other way round with
respect to the dismounting; so:
. Remove the two extension cables;
. Replace the long flat cables with the original ones;
. Screw in place the front panel;
. Solder and screw wires;
. Fit back the connectors;
. Re-locate the HV cable, AS IT WAS BEFORE.
4) Final test
Once the test set is restored, power-on again and verify that all
outputs are correctly operational.
4.13 F AULT ON THE 10 A EXTERNAL MEASUREMENT
The measurement of the external 10 AC current is performe d by
means of a toroidal current transformer, located just below the
input sockets. In case of fault:
. Withdraw the test set from the container;
. Check that there is a short circuit between 10 A and IN sockets:
if not, the short-circuit wire was unsoldered (because of too high
current: solder it back, through the toroidal CT;
. If the short circuit is there, look at the CT and verify that there
is no broken or disconnected wire on the secondary side. If the CT
is broken, ask for the replacement;
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 66 of 86
. If there is no apparent damage to the CT, it is necessary to

verify that it is correctly operational. To this purpose, open one of
the secondary wires, and put in series a current ammeter. The
transformer ratio is 1 A/ 5 mA; so, when you input 1 A, you should
measure 5 mA on the secondary. If not, the CT is damaged and
needs to be replaced.
. If the CT is OK, then there is a faulty component. In the
following, are given the schematic of the related circuit and the
mounting diagram: the arrows show the points where the
secondary wires are soldered.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 67 of 86
If you are tooled to replace them, ask for the components: we will
change the operational amplifier U46A; then, if necessary, the
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 68 of 86
analog switch U38. If neither of these components is faulty, it is

advisable to return the test set for repair. The procedure to open
T 3000 to gain access to the control board is described in the
above paragraph.
If you cannot perform this maintenance, you should return the
test set.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 69 of 86
4.14 F AULT ON THE REAL TIME CLOCK

The T 3000 internal clock is generated by a component mounted
on the big front panel; it is supplied by a non-rechargeable
battery, that should last 10 years or more.
If the test set does not keep the date and time, the cause should
be the battery being dead too soon. The location of battery BT1 is
shown below.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 70 of 86
To replace it, it is necessary to withdraw T 3000 from the

container, and to open the test set in two, as explained in 4.13:
this allows you to access the component.
Remove the battery and replace it with the new one.
4.15 THE ENCODER IS BROKEN
In this instance, it is necessary to have some skill and patience.
The procedure is the following.
. You have in your hands the new encoder: it must replace the
faulty one. This means that you have to dismount the old one, to
unsolder the five wires coming from it and going to the front panel
board, solder them to the new one, mount it.
. The first problem is that it is necessary to gain access to the
faulty encoder. If you look at it, it is surrounded by other
components: no access. It is necessary to remove the DC voltage
generator board. See the picture below.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 71 of 86
. Now you have room enough to operate. Remove the encoder:

the five wires going to it are long enough to allow you keeping it in
your hand.
. Unsolder the wires from the front panel, and then from the
encoder, and solder them back to the encoder.
. The encoder has five pins in all: mount the new encoder, and
solder wires to the front panel, as shown in the sketch here below
(seen from the rear).
ENCODER
. At the end of soldering, power-on and check that it is correctly

operational. After this, complete the mounting of the test set.
4.16 UPGRADE TO FIRMWARE REVISION 1.40
From the test set S/N 15668, delivered on September, 2008, the
test set includes the STOP input. Starting from firmware revision
1.40, the test set has been added the capability of testing current
relays. The feature can be enabled by moving a DIP switch that is
located on the CONV board.
The procedure to modify the switch position is the following.
1. Open the test set, removing the screws on the bottom.
2. Locate the MICR + CONV boards, and remove the two screws
that keep them in place.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 72 of 86
NUT TO BE
UN-TIGHTENED
Boards are also kept in place by a rod that tightens the guides.
Un-tighten the nut shown above and below.
NUT TO BE
UN-TIGHTENED
3. Remove the two boards: MICR is above. Remove the screws

that keep boards together. On the bottom right corner of CONV
board is located a DIP SWITCH set.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 73 of 86
4. Set switches as shown in the picture above, and restore the

situation. Dont forget to tighten the rod! At power-on, you will
find an additional selection: relay tests.
4.17 THE FAULT CANNOT BE F IXED
If the fault is too hard to be fixed, you have to deliver it back to
your agent. We have encountered problems caused by a poor
packing of instruments that have been delivered us for calibration
or repair. In order to avoid such inconveniences, please apply the
following procedure.
First of all, compile the following form, and attach it to the
instrument. Please do not forget to compile it.
With the instrument should come the mains supply cable, and the
serial interface cable. The users manual originally delivered with
the test set is not necessary.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 74 of 86
Cover the instrument itself with a polyester film, in order to

protect it against dust and foam.
The instrument should be protected by anti-shock foam having a
minimum thickness of 5 cm ON ALL SIDES.
Use a new carton box as a container. On the box apply the UP and
the FRAGILE labels.
In the box the instrument will be placed horizontal or standing; not
upside down.
If the set is heavier than 20 kg it is better to use also a pallet:
this ensures that the box will not be packed upside down.
Last but not least, do not declare an high value for customs: this
expedites clearance of the good and lowers fees.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 75 of 86
INSTRUMENT RETURN FORM
DATE _________________
AGENT ________________
COUNTRY ______________
TYPE OF INSTRUMENT ___________________
SERIAL NO. ___________________________
INSTRUMENT RETURNED FOR:
CALIBRATION ____ REPAIR ____
In case of repair, please specify the following.
DATE OF FAULT _______________________
REPORTED BY E-MAIL, PHONE ___________
COMPANY ___________________________
USERS REFERENCE ____________________
FAULT DESCRIPTION
_________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 76 of 86
HOW DID IT OCCUR

_________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
___________________________________
LOCAL ANALYSIS OR ATTEMPTS TO REPAIR
_______________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
___________________________________
RECOMMANDATIONS AND NOTES
_______________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_____________________________________
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 77 of 86
5 CALIBRATION
5.1 INTRODUCTION
T 2000 does not need to be calibrated, as metering circuits
employ high stability components.
It is suggested to check the unit every 2 years, by comparing T
2000 measurements to external meters. Tests should be performed
with an high accuracy multi-meter, that should guarantee a
maximum AC measurement error of 0.1%, both for voltage and
current. Besides, as such multi-meters do not have current ranges
greater than 2 A, for the test of the high current ranges it is
necessary a class 0.1 measurement Current Transformer. The
adoption of lower-class instruments may cause false interventions,
that introduce errors into the test set.
At the end of the test, if deviations are not acceptable it is
possible to enter the calibration mode, as explained in the
followings.
5.2 C ALIBRATION PROCEDURE
The calibration mode is accessed by pressing push-buttons < and
> at the meantime, and powering on T 2000. The windows that
opens up allows for first selections. The operating mode is the
following:
. Select the range to be calibrated. Calibrated ranger are checked.
. Set to zero the adjustment knob.
. With no output, ad just the off-set.
. Press > to go ON. The external meter measures the output; T
2000 displays its measurement.
. There are two adjustment parameters: COARSE and FINE. Go to
the COARSE adjustment, and modify it until the T 2000
measurement is greater than the one displayed by the external
meter. Reduce the COARSE adjustment until T 2000 measurement
is less than the external one, and save the coarse adjustment.
. Now, go to the FINE adjustment, and modify it to the best match
with the external meter (the difference should be less than 0.2%
of the reading).
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 78 of 86
. Press the multifunction knob to confirm. T 2000 continues to

generate: it is possible to check that the measurements match. If
necessary, it is possible to re-enter the same range and repeat
the adjustment; else, go to the next range: T 2000 goes OFF.
. Take now the output to the value to be tested, to verify for the
linearity of the measurement. If the measurement has a negative
error, go back to range adjustment, reduce the COARSE
adjustment parameter and increase the FINE one.
. Go to next range, and so on, until the calibration is completed.
. Once coarse and fine adjustments are performed, it is possible to
correct the off-set readings. This is performed selecting the range
without generation, correcting the reading and pressing set.
Dont perform the offset calibration before the coarse
adjustment, because the offset would be modified.
. At the end of off-set calibration, it is necessary to verify the full
scale reading: in case you find some (minor) deviation, adjust it,
acting on fine only.
Take care because on some ranges there are more adjustments to
be performed on the same range (this is provided in order to null
the linearity error:
EXT I, 20 mA: 2 calibrations on the AC range, 4 calibrations
in the DC range;
EXT I, 10 A: 4 calibrations in the DC range;
EXT V, 10 V: 2 calibrations on the AC range, 4 calibrations
in the DC range;
EXT V, 600 V: 2 calibrations on the AC range, 4 calibrations
in the DC range;
MAIN I DC: 2 calibrations in the DC range.
These calibrations are performed with Coarse and Fine on the
range setting; for other settings, only the Fine adjustment is
performed. DC adjustments are: the range, positive; 20% of the
range, positive, 20% of the range, negative, 80% of the range,
negative.
During these adjustments, the display shows the input to be
applied (for instance, 10.66 mA on the 20 mA DC, nominal range).
The actual applied value should deviate from the displayed one by
no more than 5%.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 79 of 86
The program alerts if a scale is not calibrated. At the end of the

session, all parameters are saved in the non volatile FLASH
EPROM.
5.3 T 2000 OUTPUT CALIBRATION
The internal measurements calibration is performed by generating
the following current and voltage outputs. For each output range
there is a number of measurement scales, that are separately
adjusted: during the use T 2000 automatically selects the best
scale. This increases the measurement accuracy.
5.3.1 OUTPUT CURRENTS CALIBRATION
NOTE: the current output from the main AC voltage is also
calibrated.
OUTPUT
SOCKET
300 V AC;
current
measureme
nt
(Mis_IAC_m
ain)
10 A ;
current
measureme
nt
(Mis_IAC_m
ain)
CONTROL
Range
0.008 A
Calibration
value
5 mA
0.019 A
14 mA
0.079 A
50 mA
0.199 A
140 mA
0.799 A
500 mA
1.999 A
1,4 A
Range
0.199 A
Calibration
value
140 mA
0.799
1.999
7.999
19.99
500 mA
1,4 A
5A
14 A
A
A
A
A
Notes
Output 300 Vac Main ;
series resistor 1000 Ohm
Notes
Copy values from the 40 A
range
DOC. MI E12210
40
A;
current
measureme
nt
(Mis_IAC_m
ain)
800
A;current
measureme
nt
(Mis_IAC_m
ain)
Rev. 4
Range
Page 80 of 86
0.199 A
Calibration
value
140 mA
0.799 A
500 mA
1.999 A
1,4 A
7.999 A
5A
19.99 A
14 A
79.99 A
50 A
Range
0.799 A
Calibration
value
500 mA
1.999 A
1,4 A
7.999 A
5A
19.99 A
14 A
79.99 A
50 A
199.9 A
140 A
799.9 A
400 A
Notes
Output 40A; series
resistor 10 Ohm
Output 40A; series
resistor 10 Ohm
Output 40A; series
resistor 10 Ohm
Output 40A; Current
Transformer 10//1
Output 40A; Current
Transformer 20//1
Output 40A; Current
Transformer 50//1
Notes
Output 800A; series
resistor 10 Ohm
Output 800A; series
resistor 1 Ohm
Output 800A; series
resistor 1 Ohm
Output 800A; series
resistor 0.47 Ohm
Output
800A;
Current
Transformer 50//1
Output 800A; Current
Transformer 200//1
Output 800A; Current
Transformer 400//1
5.3.2 OUTPUT VOLTAGES CALIBRATION

OUTPUT
SOCKET
300 V a.c.;
voltage
measureme
nt
(main Vac)
CONTROL
Range
Calibration
value
1.999 V
1.2 V
Notes
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
7.999
19.99
79.99
199.9
299.9
3000 V a.c.
voltage
measureme
nt
260 Vac
auxiliary
5V
13 V
50 V
140 V
250 V
Range
Calibration
value
Notes
19.99
V
79.99
V
199.9
V
799.9
V
1999
V
2999
V
13
Start with VARIAC at zero
Range
50 V
130 V
500 V
1400 V
Use a VT with ratio

3000//100
Use a VT with ratio
3000//100
2500 V
Range
1.999
7.999
19.99
79.99
199.9
299.9
130/260 V
d.c.
V
V
V
V
V
Page 81 of 86
Calibration
value
V
V
V
V
V
V
1.2 -1.3
5V
13 V
50 V
140 V
250 V
Calibration
value
Notes
Notes
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 82 of 86
19.99 V
13 V
79.99 V
50 V
199.9 V
140 V
299.9 V
250 V
The
offset
adjustment
is
adjusting the output to the mini
then short-circuiting it
The
offset
adjustment
is
The
offset
adjustment
is
The
offset
adjustment
is
5.4 EXTERNAL INPUT CURRENTS

INPUT
SOCKET
10 A AC
CONTROL
Range
Calibration
value
Follow
display
indications
as above
as above
as above
as above
as above
Notes
Notes
0.039 A
Calibration
value
Follow
display
indications
0.099
0.399
0.999
3.999
9.999
as
as
as
as
as
0.039 A
0.099
0.399
0.999
3.999
9.999
10 A dC
(Mis_25m_
10Aext)
A
A
A
A
A
Range
A
A
A
A
A
above
above
above
above
above
Use a stable source, such

as a DRTS test set.
33mA
as above 72mA
as above 330mA
as above 720mA
as above 3,3A
as above 7,2A

as a DRTS test set.
On this measurement
there are 4 calibrations.
as above
as above
as above
as above
as above
DOC. MI E12210
25mA dC
(Mis_25m_
10Aext)
20 mA AC
(Mis_25m_
10Aext)
Rev. 4
Range
Page 83 of 86
0.2 mA
Calibration
value
Follow
display
indications
0.8 mA
2 mA
8 mA
25 mA
as
as
as
as
Range
0.2 mA
Calibration
value
Follow
display
indications
0.8 mA
2 mA
8 mA
20 mA
as
as
as
as
above
above
above
above
above
above
above
above
Notes
as a DRTS test set.
On this measurement
there are 4 calibrations.
as above
as above
as above
as above
Notes
as a DRTS test set.
On this measurement there
are 2 calibrations.
as above
as above
as above
as a DRTS test set.
are 2 calibrations.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 84 of 86
5.5 EXTERNAL INPUT VOLTAGES
INPUT
SOCKET
10 Vac
(Mis_600V
ext)
CONTROL
Range
0.010 V
Calibration
value
Follow
display
indication
s
0.039 V
as above
0.099 V
as above
0.399 V
as above
10 Vdc
(Mis_600V
ext)
0.999 V
3.999 V
9.999 V
as above
as above
as above
Range
Calibration
value
Follow
display
indication
s
0.010 V
0.039 V
Notes
as a DRTS test set.
are 2 calibrations.
as a DRTS test set.
are 2 calibrations.
as a DRTS test set.
are 2 calibrations.
as a DRTS test set.
are 2 calibrations.
as above
as above
as above
Notes
as a DRTS test set.
are 4 calibrations.
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 85 of 86
as above
0.099 V
as above
600 VdC
(Mis_600V
ext)
0.399 V
0.999 V
3.999 V
14.999
V
as
as
as
as
Range
Calibration
value
Follow
display
indication
s
as above
as above
as above
as above
as above
Notes
Calibration
value
Follow
display
indication
s
as above
as above
as above
as above
as above
Notes
0.999 V
3.999
15.99
79.99
199.9
799.9
600 Vac
(Mis_600V
ext)
V
V
V
V
V
Range
0.999 V
3.999
11.99
59.99
149.9
599.9
V
V
V
V
V
above
above
above
above
as a DRTS test set.

are 4 calibrations.
as a DRTS test set.
are 4 calibrations.
as above
as above
as above
as above

as a DRTS test set.
are 4 calibrations.
as above
as above
as above
as above
as above

as a DRTS test set.
are 2 calibrations.
as above
as above
as above
as above
as above
DOC. MI E12210
Rev. 4
Page 86 of 86
APPENDIX 1 SPARE PARTS LIST

The following is the suggested list of spare parts for a duration of
five years and for up to five test sets.
The reference is made to the list of components.
1) N. 10 Fuses in the supply socket (1), rated T10A, code
XFU22101.
2) N. 10 Fuses for the 25 mA metering (69), rated F63mA, code
XFU23115.
3) N. 1 DC to DC converter for the display (23) backlight, code
XCA10348.
4) N. 1 Encoder with switch, for MENU control knob (22), code
XCM10160.
5) N. 1 Printed circuit board INTE ON-OFF (7), code PWA11410.

Mie12110-T2000 Introductory Guide

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Mie12110-T2000 Introductory Guide

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

DATE: 20/04/2011

Modified for the Lodi

SHORT FOREWORD .......................................................................................................5

4.9 T HE DISPLAY BACKLIGHT DOES NOT TURN ON OR THE DISPLAY

With external options, T 2000 can test:

The instrument contains one generator with many outputs: High

The desired operation is accessed by the multi-function wheel.

1 TEST SET DESCRIPTION AND USE

The following list includes the key components inside T 2000.

68) External voltage meter safety sockets.

Transformer protection thermal switches.

NOTE: the connector to the 10 V input (70) can be removed only

1.2 THE POP- UP MENU

Next screens depend upon the type of selection:

When the PC is connected, settings can also be created and

1) High / Low VAC

provided. The connection to water pipes or to a big metal frame

If the ground is connected, the following message is displayed.

During this time, a diagnostic sequence controls:

At the end of it, default selections are active; T 2000 is in the

After power-on, the following control lights turn on (default

The only exception to the above is the HV output: it is not

1.4.2 HV voltage output

When the connection is performed, connect the crocodile first,

1.4.3 Hazardous situation summary

Possible danger of overCheck burden

The test set

The test set

1.5 C URRENT GENERATION

This generator serves for the test of VT protections, where low

not influence at all the measurement of the current you are

Some very old electromechanical relays may have very inductive

First of all, Select the operating frequency at 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

1.7 OPTIONAL THERMAL PRINTER

. Confirmation key: if not turned ON, the HV output is not

. The HV output is generated only until the START (H.V.)

under test cannot be left with some remaining

- Thermal sensor on the T 2000 inside. If T 2000 is too hot, the

- Thermal sensor on the T 2000 inside. If T 2000 is too cold, the

- If maximum time duration of power transformer generators are

Pressing the knob, T 2000 displays the pause time duration:

- The main AC voltage source is protected against overloads. In

- The main DC current source is protected against over-voltages,

- The 20 mA measurement input is protected by fuse (69), rated

2 TRANSFORMERS TESTING FUNDAMENTALS

Usually transformers are used at 50 Hz, so their inductance is very

After removal, the test set is shown in the following picture.

The mechanical components are:

Low currents measurement transformer, XTF20059.

On the bottom are also mounted the following components:

86) Primary circuit breaker.

3.2 DETAILED FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

3.2.2 Main front board PWA11411 (17)

3.2.4 CONV-T 3000 board PWA21401 (16)

TASK 1: to convert all analog measurement signals (the above

signals. This is performed by two 12-bit, 4 channels each

On the board is located a set of 8 switches; their meaning is

3.2.5 INTE ON-OFF T 3000 board PWA11410 (7)

TASK 1: to detect the START and STOP inputs closed open

3.2.6 MICR T1000 board PWA41300 (15)

operation, test and results handling and the communication with

4 THE HELL, IT DOESNT WORK

A) TESTS AT POWER-ON (and runtime)