Mueller - Steinhagen Solar Plant

Solar Thermal Power Plants:
sustainable and reliable bulk electricity generation in the multi-MW scale

Prof. Hans Mller-Steinhagen
Dr.-Ing. habil , D.Eng., Dipl.-Ing., FREng, FIChemE, CEng
Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Centre (DLR)
Stuttgart Cologne - Almria/Spain
Germanys
Aerospace Research Center
and Space Agency.
Total 2009 budget

1.4 billion
All figures in Euro millions
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Space Agency
Research and Operations
German ESA contributions from the BMBF Institutional funding

National Space Program
Third-party funding
Solar Thermal Power Plants
Hans Mller-Steinhagen
Sites and employees

5.900 employees working
in 28 research institutes and
facilities
! at 8 sites
" in 7 field offices.
" Hamburg
Trauen "
Braunschweig !
" Neustrelitz
BerlinCharlottenburg "
Berlin-- !
Adlershof
! Gttingen
Offices in Brussels,
Paris and Washington.
! Kln-Porz
! Bonn " Sankt Augustin
" Darmstadt
! Lampoldshausen
! Stuttgart
Weilheim "
Almera (Spain)
! Oberpfaffenhofen
Scientific competence
5,900 employees
2,700 scientists
500 doctoral students and junior scientists
100 visiting scientists
Space
Aeronautics Transportation
Energy
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics

Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. habil H.Mller-Steinhagen
Solar Research
Prof. Dr.-Ing. R. Pitz-Paal
Administration and
Planning
Dipl.-Wirt.Ing. J. Piskurek
Electrochemical
Energy Conversion
Logistics & Purchasing
Prof. Dr.rer.nat. A. Friedrich
Project Administration
Thermal Process
Technology
Computing Support
Dr.rer.nat. R.Tamme
Workshops
Systems Analysis and

Technol. Assessment
Dr.-Ing. W. Krewitt
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics

Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. habil H.Mller-Steinhagen
Solar Research
Electrochemical Energy
Conversion
Prof. Dr.rer.nat. A. Friedrich
Thermal Process
Technology
Dr.rer.nat. R.Tamme

Technol. Assessment
Dr.-Ing. W. Krewitt
Institute of
Technical Thermodynamics
Thermodyn. & Thermal Engn.
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. habil H. Mller-Steinhagen

Solar Research
TC for Solar Systems

(ITT-KP,ST,AS)
Dr.-Ing. H. Drck
(ITW-ST)
Electrochemical
Energy Conversion
Prof. Dr. A. Friedrich (ITT-ST)
Thermal Process
Technology
Rational Use of Energy

Dr.-Ing. W. Heidemann
(ITW-ST)
Heat and Mass Transfer
Dr.rer.nat. R.Tamme(ITT-ST)
Priv. Doz. Dr.-Ing. K. Spindler

(ITW- ST)

Technol. Assessment
Undergraduate and
Postgraduate Education
Dr.-Ing. W. Krewitt; (ITT-ST)Solar Thermal Power Plants
Institute of

Dr.-Ing. H. Drck
(ITW-ST)

(ITW-ST)

(ITW- ST)
Undergraduate and
Institute of

Solar Research

(ITT-KP,ST,AS)
Dr.-Ing. H. Drck
(ITW-ST)
Electrochemical
Energy Conversion
Prof. Dr. A. Friedrich (ITT-ST)
Thermal Process
Technology

(ITW-ST)
Dr.rer.nat. R.Tamme(ITT-ST)

(ITW- ST)

Technol. Assessment
Undergraduate and
Dr.-Ing. W. Krewitt; (ITT-ST)Solar Thermal Power Plants
Solar Thermal Power Plants:

sustainable and reliable bulk electricity generation in the multi-MW scale
Prof. Hans Mller-Steinhagen
Dr.-Ing. habil , D.Eng., Dipl.-Ing., FREng, FIChemE, CEng
Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Centre (DLR)
Stuttgart Cologne - Almria/Spain
Primary energy, EJ / year
Global Primary Energy Consumption

400
300
non commercial
biomass
renewable
energies
nuclear
energy
200
natural gas
mineral oil
100
coal
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
DLR has analysed renewable energy resources

of 64 countries in Europe and MENA
in brackets: (max. yield in GWhel / km /y)

$ renewable resources
greatly exceed the
present and future
electricity demands
Economic renewable electricity potentials

vs. demand in Europe and MENA
$ solar radiation is by far

the most abundant
source of energy
Solar Pond
Photovoltaic System
Solar Chimney
89%8'.)#
+"(%:-*
!"#$%&'()*
!5-7.)4
&-.$%;<*=-.)
+"(%,*-.)
1"'$
!"#$%&'()*0%1"2%3'#(%!".().(
!"#$
:-*
&'((%7)()*
1'4)*%&-(5%6.()*7)$-'()%3'#(%!".().(
!">)*
+"(%!"./).(*'()$%,*-.)%%
Parabolic Trough
3"#'*%;"2)*
!).(*'#%@)/)->)*
:=?"*=)*%(<=)
8'*'="#-/%D-?5
@)/)->)*%'.$%+)'(%
E.C-.)
@)A#)/("*
@)A#)/("*
8-B-.C%%%%%%%%%%
+)#-"?('(
Why Concentrating Solar Technologies ?
Conventional power plants
Solar thermal power plants

can be integrated into conventional

thermal power plants
provide firm capacity (thermal
storage, fossil backup)
serve different markets (bulk power,
remote power, heat, water)
have the lowest costs for solar
electricity
have an energy payback time of only
6-12 months
use the largest renewable resource in
the world
Solar thermal power plants

CSP
Distributed Systems:
Parabolic Dish Unit with Stirling Engine
10 kW EURODISH
2 units, Spain
10 kW ADDS
2 units, USA
25 kW SES/Boing
3 units, USA
22 kW SunDish
4 units, USA
Parabolic reflector shell

System size 10-25 kW
Very high concentration ratio
Power package with Stirling Engine
High conversion efficiency
Remote operation
Backup heating of power package
with fuel
Series production in preparation
Can be cheaper than PV
Low economic risk compared to bulk
power production
Centralized Bulk Electricity Production
Fuel Saver
3()'7 8"2)*%8#'.(
Cycle Efficiency
fossil & solar 35-42%
6
18
Solar Share
30% - 50%
Solar-only Storage
Expansion
Vessel HTF
Steam Cycle
24
Time
12
18
24
Solar Share
100%
Time
18
24
Solar Share
100%
Time
12
18
24
Principle of parabolic trough collector
morning
afternoon
Line-focussing collector with single-axis tracking

!"##)/("* D)?-C.
Eurotrough Collector
Stiff structure
% Less breakage
% Length: 150 m
% Less connections
% Less optical losses
Mirror surface
parabolic shape
mirror design
4mm glass
reflective
silver coating
copper layer
base layer
final layer
ceramic
mounting support
z = x2 / 4f
f = 1.71 (Eurotrough)
2-component
proctective layer
at present: reflectivity better 94%, life expectancy > 20 years
Absorber tube
connection to
vacuum between
metal / glass
vacuum pump absorber and glass tube connection
outside gas molecule getter expansion

metallic
bellow
absorber tube glass tube to maintain vacuum
SEGS plants at 400C:
absorptivity 96%, emissivity 19%
new Schott tubes at 400C: absorptivity 96%, emissivity better 14%
Schott is presently using a twin magnetron sputter process for the selctive coating.
up
ck
Ba
lar
So
Layout of Parabolic Trough Plant

n
tio
g
rin
Fi
dia
Ra
www.solarpaces.org
Solar Field Heat Transfer
Power Block
parabolic trough
collectors
300-500000 m2
steam cycle
turbine, condenser
30-80 MW
& Buffer
0.5 - 6 hours
capacity
2,5 Mio. m Parabolic Trough Collectors in California

The SEGS experience
in California:
100 years of equivalent commercial
operation (9 plants, with a total of
354 MW)
High availabilities
11 bill. kWh have been fed into
the Californian grid
Generating 1.4 billion $ US in
revenues
High solar efficiencies and lowest
solar electricity cost of 12-15
cent/kWh
The Andasol plants in Spain

50 MW parabolic trough plant near Granada, start-up spring 2009
Total cost 350 mio. Euro; project management Solar Millennium and ACS
Average annual efficiency 16%; electricity cost about 20 cent /kWh
7-8 hours storage capacity
Two additional, identical power plants are under construction
Model des Kraftwerks
50 MW Andasol plant in Spain
624 ET150 collectors: 7500 modules

510 000 m2 of aperture area
840 000 mirror support points,
7800 bearings,
23 000 absorber tube supports
will have to be aligned to track the sun in 0.1 precision
Qualification
Measurement
Ray-Tracing
Flux distribution next to absorber tube


Mueller - Steinhagen Solar Plant

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Solar Thermal Power Plants:

sustainable and reliable bulk electricity generation in the multi-MW scale

Total 2009 budget

Research and Operations

German ESA contributions from the BMBF Institutional funding

Solar Thermal Power Plants

Sites and employees

Solar Thermal Power Plants

Institute of Technical Thermodynamics

Logistics & Purchasing

Prof. Dr.rer.nat. A. Friedrich

Systems Analysis and

Institute of Technical Thermodynamics

Systems Analysis and

Thermodyn. & Thermal Engn.

Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. habil H. Mller-Steinhagen

TC for Solar Systems

Prof. Dr.-Ing. R. Pitz-Paal

Rational Use of Energy

Heat and Mass Transfer

Priv. Doz. Dr.-Ing. K. Spindler

Systems Analysis and

Dr.-Ing. W. Krewitt; (ITT-ST)Solar Thermal Power Plants

Thermodyn. & Thermal Engn.

Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. habil H. Mller-Steinhagen

Rational Use of Energy

Heat and Mass Transfer

Thermodyn. & Thermal Engn.

Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. habil H. Mller-Steinhagen

TC for Solar Systems

Prof. Dr.-Ing. R. Pitz-Paal

Rational Use of Energy

Heat and Mass Transfer

Priv. Doz. Dr.-Ing. K. Spindler

Systems Analysis and

Dr.-Ing. W. Krewitt; (ITT-ST)Solar Thermal Power Plants

Solar Thermal Power Plants:

Primary energy, EJ / year

Global Primary Energy Consumption

Solar Thermal Power Plants

DLR has analysed renewable energy resources

in brackets: (max. yield in GWhel / km /y)

Economic renewable electricity potentials

$ solar radiation is by far

Solar Thermal Power Plants

Why Concentrating Solar Technologies ?

Conventional power plants

Solar Thermal Power Plants

Why Concentrating Solar Technologies ?

Solar thermal power plants

Why Concentrating Solar Technologies ?

can be integrated into conventional

Solar thermal power plants

Why Concentrating Solar Technologies ?

Solar Thermal Power Plants

Solar Thermal Power Plants

Parabolic reflector shell

Centralized Bulk Electricity Production

Solar Thermal Power Plants

Principle of parabolic trough collector

Line-focussing collector with single-axis tracking

Solar Thermal Power Plants

at present: reflectivity better 94%, life expectancy > 20 years