Lesson 2: Solving Routine and Non-routine Problems

Involving Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

Elicit
The table below shows the number of kilos of
Fruits on Kardings Backyard
each fruit Mang Karding harvested from his
Fruits
Number of Kilos
backyard. Study the table below and answer the
1
Atis
2
following.
2
1. How many kilos of avocado and duhat were
3
Santol
5
harvested?
8
2. How heavier is the gathered santol than
3
Avocado
3
atis?
4
1
5
3. If 3
kg of fruits were rotten, how
Duhat
1
6
6
much fruits remained?
Reflect : What are the steps in adding and subtracting fractions and mixed numbers?

Engage
(Illustrate farmers harvesting fruits.)
(Put this word problem inside the box.)
Mang Anton and Mang Kulas harvested 10
two mango trees. He set aside 2

1
2

2
3

kg and 12

5
12

kg of fruits from his

kg of mangoes for his family and sold the rest. How many

kilos of mangoes did he sell?

How will you solve this kind of problem?
Reflect: What do you want to learn about solving problems involving addition and
subtraction of fractions?

Explore
Lets solve the problem above using these steps.
Steps in Solving Problems
Answer
1. Identify what is asked for How many kilos of mangoes did he sell?
or the question to be
solved.
2
5
2. Identify the relevant facts
Mang Anton had 10
kg and 12
to solve the problem.
3
12

kg of mangoes
11

and set aside 2

3. Find the solution to the
problem using a strategy.

4. State the answer/s to the

problem.
5. Check the reasonableness
of the answer to the problem.

Add

10

2
3

1
2

kg of it.

kg and 12

5
12

, then subtract 2

1
from
2

the sum.
2
5
1
10 +12 2 =N
3
12
2
8
5
6
10 +12 2 =N
12
12
12
1
6
23 2 =N
12
12
13
6
1
22 2 =N Regroup 23
as
12
12
12
12 1
13
22 + 22
12 12
12
7
N=20
12
7
Mang Anton sold 20
kg of mangoes.
12
To check if the answer is correct, we add 20

7
12

and

1
.
2
7
1
20 +2 =N
12 2
7
6
20 +2 =N
12 12
13
1
1
22 =22+1 =23
12
12
12
1
Since the sum is 23
it is correct.
12
Lets have a non-routine problem this time. Lets study this step by step.
Put this problem inside a box.
3
7
2
In Masigasig Farm, the farmers gathered 11
kg of atis, 12
kg of duhat, 10
kg of
4
12
3
1
calamansi, and 13
kg of lansones They put two kinds of fruits in a box. If a box weighed
6
5
23
kg, what fruits were inside the box?
6
Steps in Solving Problems
Illustration
5
1. Identify what is asked for
What kind of fruits were inside a box weighing 23
or the question to be solved.
6
kg?
2

12

2. Identify the relevant facts

to solve the problem.

The farmers gathered 11

duhat, 10

2
3

3
4

kg of atis, 12

kg of calamansi, and 13

1
6

7
12

kg of

kg of

lansones.

5
kg.
6
Try all the possible combination of fruits and put it in a
table with an estimated sum of 24 kg, since its closer to
5
23
.
6
Organize the solution on a table.
Fruits
Sum
3
7
atis and duhat
11 +12 =N
4
12
9
7
4
1
11 +12 =24 =24
12
12
12
3
7
2
duhat and
12 +10 =N
calamansi
12
3
7
8
3
1
12 +10 =23 =23
12
12
12
4
2
1
calamansi and
10 +13 =N
lansones
3
6
4
1
5
10 +13 =23
6
6
6
Calamansi and lasones were put together in a box.
A box with two kinds of fruits weighed 23

3. Find the solution to the

problem using a strategy.

4. State the answer/s to the

problem.
5. Check the reasonableness
of the answer to the problem.

The answer is reasonable since all the other possible

5
combinations of fruits were not equal to 23
kg.
6

Explain
Compare the two problems presented above. Are there any differences or similarities
between these two? In pairs, discuss with your partners your methods to answer these kinds of
problems easily? Explain with your seatmate the following ideas you should have learned in this
lesson.
1. When solving routine or non-routine problems, do the following steps:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Identify what is asked for or the question to be solved.

Identify the relevant facts to solve the problem.
Find the solution to the problem using a strategy.
State the answer/s to the problem.
Check the reasonableness of the answer.
13

2. Non-routine problems involve different technique such as using a table or diagram,

listing, guess and check to solve them.
3. When solving problems, follow the rules in addition and subtraction of fractions.

Elaborate
Solve the following word problems. Use a strategy or a method in solving word
problems. Use any tool to illustrate the problems using fraction bars.
3
3
1. Mang Eduardo bought 5
kilos of starter feeds and 5
kilos of broiler feeds. On
4
4
5
1
Monday he fed 1
kilos of starter feeds to the chicks and 2
kilos of broiler feeds
8
6
to the chicken.
2. A group in Grade VI-Masikap prepared pancake for their project in EPP. They mixed
1
3
2
3
4
cups of flour, 1
cups of condensed milk, and 2
cups of water. If
3
5
10
10
1
of the mixture spilled over, how much mixture of 1
cups of did they have?
2
3. The Grade VI pupils made a survey on their favorite sports. Three-fourths of the pupils
5
like basketball,
like volleyball, and the rest like both basketball and volleyball.
8
What part of the Grade VI like both sports?

Evaluate
A. Read and analyze the problems below. Then answer the following questions about it.
5
Enrico is preparing for his periodical test next week. He spends 1
hours studying
8
3
Mathematics, and 2
hours studying Science. He uses 6 hours every day in preparing
4
for Mathematics, Science and English. How long does he spend in studying English? (put
this inside the box.)
1. What is asked in the problem?
2. What information is/are necessary?
3. What number sentence represents the problem above?
4. What is the answer to the problem?
5. In which subject does he spend most of his study time?
B. Solve the following problems. Use the rubric in Appendix A as your guide in your
answers.
1
5
1. JC Store bought 23
m of red ribbon 22
m of white ribbon. If the store
3
9
1
sold 12
m of ribbons, how many meters of ribbon were not sold?
6
14

2. Anna, Katrina, Mia and Sarah weighed

28

3
8

kg,

27

3
4

kg,

25

5
, kg and
6

2
kg respectively. Each of them has to be in a pair. If one pair weighs
3
5
54
, who are on each of the pairs?
24
26

C. Form a group of 4 or 5 member, then solve the problems below. Make a presentation
of your work. Use the rubric in Appendix B as your guide in your answers.
1. Three farmers work diligently in Masipag Farm every day. Mang Karding, Mang
7
1
Flor and Mang Mang Berto plant palay for 7
hours, 10
hours and
12
3
1
8
hours respectively. How many hours do the farmers spend in the farm
2
altogether?
1
7
2. A vendor has 25
m of yarn from his roll. You want to buy 14
m. Instead
2
8
3
of cutting the length of your order, the vendor just cuts 9
m and gives you the
8
rest. Is the vendor correct? What will you do in this situation?

Pause & Reflect

Are you happy with the result of your evaluation? Why?
What concepts are clear to you?
What concepts are still not clear to you?
What is the most desirable value or attitude that you have developed in this lesson?

Extend
The problem below has many possible solutions. Use a technique to answer it.
Liza has 4 different measuring cups that holds cup, 3/4 cup and 1 cup. One of her
recipe needs to have exactly 2 cups of flour. How can she have the required amount of
flour for her recipe?
(illustrate 3 different cups which are labeled 1/2, , and 1 )

15