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11/6/2014
What is Balancing ?
Often an unbalance of forces is produced in rotary or
reciprocating machinery due to the inertia forces
associated with the moving masses.
Balancing is the process of designing or modifying
machinery so that the unbalance is reduced to an
acceptable level and if possible is eliminated entirely.
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This centrifugal force acts radially outwards and thus produces bending moment on
the shaft.
In order to counteract the effect of this force, a balancing mass (m2) may be
attached in the same plane of rotation as that of disturbing mass (m1) such that
the centrifugal forces due to the two masses are equal and opposite.
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1. When the plane of the disturbing mass lies in between the planes
of the two balancing masses
Consider a disturbing mass m lying in a plane A to be balanced by two rotating
masses m1 and m2 lying in two different planes L and M as shown in Fig.
Let r, r1 and r2 be the radii of rotation of the masses in planes A, L and M
respectively.
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It may be noted that equation (i) represents the condition for static
balance, but in order to achieve dynamic balance, equations (ii) or (iii)
must also be satisfied.
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When the plane of the disturbing mass lies on one end of the planes of
the balancing masses
In this case, the mass m lies in the plane A and the balancing masses
lie in the planes L and M, as shown in Fig.
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1. Analytical method
The magnitude and direction of the balancing mass may be obtained, analytically,
as discussed below :
1.
First of all, find out the centrifugal force exerted by each mass on the rotating shaft.
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2. Graphical method
The magnitude and position of the balancing mass may also be
obtained graphically as discussed below :
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2. Graphical method
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Take: 10kg-m=1cm
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The forces in the reference plane must balance, i.e. the resultant force must
be zero.
The couples about the reference plane must balance, i.e. the resultant couple
must be zero.
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