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opulous cities and municipalities in Leyte are:

Area

Income

in km

class

City class

ty

Highly Urbanized City

201.72

urban

217,199

Independant City

613.60

partly urban

177,524

Component City

459.34

partly urban

102,526

Municipality

221.27

partly urban

56,781

Municipality

688.25

partly urban

56,097

Municipality

192.92

partly urban

53,911

Municipality

126.07

partly urban

52,530

Municipality

265.33

partly urban

48,606

Municipality

78.41

partly urban

47,426

Municipality

144.20

partly urban

46,373

bay

Urbanisation

Population

pality

Total

*Philippine-islands.phThe City of Baybay City is a city or in


the province of Leyte , Philippines . According to the census in 2007, it has a population
reaching 102,536 people. It is located in the western part of the province of Leyte . It is
surrounded by the town of Albuera, Leytein the north, the town of inopacan south, the town
of burauen , La Paz, Leyte and MacArthur, Leyte in the northeast, the town ofJavier, Leyte in
the east and the town of Mahaplag, Leyte and Abuyog, Leyte in the south-east. Also found
the Camotes Sea to its west. It is located 600 kilometers to the Metro Manila , 57 kilometers
nautical in Cebu City , 44 kilometers south of Ormoc City , 105 kilometers west of Tacloban
City and 54 kilometers north of the City of Maasin .
The city is the second largest city in Leyte after Ormoc City {according to the size and extent
of land with size} 410.5 km 2 or 46,050 hectares. When the city is the city yet and
includes Leyte , the largest town in the province in the whole Eastern Visayas .Consequently,
composed of 92 barangays, 24 are in the poblacion and 68 are located in remote or rural
areas.

Barangays [ change | change basis ]


The city of Baybay is divided into 92 barangays .

Altavista

Sands

Flat

Pomponan

Ambacan

Kabatuan

City

Boundary

Amguhan

Kabongaan

Poblacion

Sabang

Ampihanon

Kagumay

Creek

Balao

Kambonggan

San Agustin

Banahao

Kansungka

San Isidro

Biasong

Kantagnos

San Juan

Zone 1
Poblacion
Zone 2

Poblacion

Densit

Bidlinan

Kilim

Bitanhuan

Lintaon

Wells

Maganhan

Buenavista

Comfortable

Candadam

Unknown

Can-ipa

Brown

Caridad

Makinhas

Ciabo

Mapgap

Cogon

Marcos

Gas

Maslug

Saws

Sweet

Gacat

Maybog

Guadalupe

Maypatag

Monterico

(Brother)

Gubang

Monteverde

Hibunawan

Palhi

Higuloan

Pangasugan

Hilapnitan

Hipusngo

Igang

Imelda

Zone 3

Zone 4

Sto. Rosario

Villa Mag-aso

Villa

Poblacion
Zone 7

Poblacion
Zone 8

Poblacion
Zone 9

Poblacion
Zone 10

Poblacion
Zone 11

Pansagan

Poblacion
Zone 12

Poblacion
Zone 13

Jaena

Poblacion
Zone 14

Poblacion
Zone 15

Poblacion
Zone 16

Poblacion
Zone 17

Poblacion
Zone 18

Poblacion
Zone 19

Poblacion
Zone 20

Poblacion
Zone 21

Solidaridad

Poblacion
Zone 6

Poblacion

Sta. Cruz

Zone 5

Poblacion

Poblacion

Zacarito

Zone 22

Poblacion
Zone 23

LRED: Results of the Rapid Appraisal of the Municipality of Baybay Strengths


Weaknesses/Points for improvement Enabling environment The Mayor is having a
realistic vision of local and regional economic development (local resource based) LGU
is still heavily dependent on the IRA The business licensing process seems to be largely
corruption free For business start-ups, the one-stop-shop is not yet fully implemented
(no permanent local office of national agencies like Phil Health, SSS etc. mostly
situated in Ormoc City) Moderate local taxes For business renewals, the one-stop-shop
is practically implemented LGU is providing incentives to investors Small and medium
enterprises, farmers Entrepreneurial-spirited local environment No existing local
business yet engaged in producing virgin coconut oil New companies were established
and existing companies expanded or diversified (abaca pulp mill, coconut oil mill,
restaurant) indicating a dynamic local/regional economy. The expansion of rice
production appears to be hampered by a variety of factors largely determined on national
level (e.g. agrarian reform, trade policy) There are negotiations underway to attract
foreign companies to Baybay (e.g. Shenyang Furniture Corp.) Lack of low cost
irrigation system for rice cultivation There are ongoing initiatives on producing virgin
cocnut oil (LSU and GTZ-LIP) There are cooperatives with management problems esp.
in the field of micro-finance Micro-finance institution(s) providing professional services
to the poorer sections of society Some economic activities appear government-driven
and may not be sustainable (micro-finance coop. + tourism initiative) LRED: Results of
the Rapid Appraisal of the Municipality of Baybay Strengths Weaknesses/Points for
improvement There are ideas of developing local tourism Lack of technical assistance
on making project proposals and fund sourcing Reportedly, there is a considerable
number of active cooperatives in the local area Lack of knowledge on technology for
commercial food processing and packaging Initiatives to promote backyard aquaculture
(tilapia) Support organizations The LGU has successfully facilitated the attraction of
investors from outside Leyte There is no comprehensive plan of addressing the local
economic problems systematically Considerable number of training/education providers
(LSU, FCIC, Baybay Institute of Technology) The local business chamber does not play
an active role in advocacy and entrepreneurship building. LGU, LSU, FIDA and
Provincial Gvt. are cooperating well in fighting the bunchy top disease which is badly
affecting abaca industry Investment promotion needs improvement (e.g. updating of
promo materials, participation in outbound missions) Since other LGUs are less active
in fighting the bunchy top disease, the whole abaca industry remains vulnerable
Stronger cooperation between LGU and LSU needed in other areas (e.g. undercropping
of coconut plantations) Human resources/ natural resources Unskilled human resources
are in abundance and relatively cheap Some companies report inadequate attitudes of
unskilled people For a town like Baybay, the local supply of skilled labour is quite good
Some skills (e.g. machine operators) are not available locally Good endowment with
natural resources (water, fertile land, forests) So far, the potential of coconut as raw
material for textiles, furniture has not yet been fully utilized LRED: Results of the Rapid
Appraisal of the Municipality of Baybay Strengths Weaknesses/Points for improvement
Potential for agricultural production (e.g. undercropping of coconut plantations) is not

fully utilized Fishing resources are becoming depleted by inadequate fishing practices
and population pressures Generally good road network and nearly all Brgys. have
access to farm-to-market roads. No communication coverage in Brgy. Hilapnitan
(location of industrial activity) Communication (cellphone, fixed lines, internet) is
generally considered good. Lack of air transport Ormoc Manila causes extra
costs/time for companies based in Manila The city administration has upgraded the
towns infrastructure (public market, bus terminal). Real estate in Baybay commercial
center is reported to be quite expensive. Port facilities in Baybay proper and Brgy.
Hilapnitan existing and being improved Power prices are generally considered high
There are still, though few, brownouts Major industrial users of power are supplied
directly by NAPOCOR and avail of the electricity at a lower price No regular bus
transport at night Real estate outside commercial center quite cheap Better services of
the regular ferry service to Cebu needed Infrastructure Shallow port in Baybay poses
limits to the kinds of vessels that can come in
Local and Regional Economic Development in Leyte Province: Report on the Second
Rapid Appraisal Mission (Baybay, Palompon, Carigara)-GTZ of Germany

Municipality/City: CITY OF BAYBAY


Region

REGION VIII (Eastern Visayas)

Code

080000000

Province

LEYTE

Code

083700000

Code

083708000

Municipality/City
Income Classification:

CITY OF BAYBAY
-

Registered Voters (2010): 55,266

Population : (as of May 1, 2010): 102,841


District:

5th

Barangays (Number:

Philippine Statistical Authority-national statistical coordination board


BAYBAY CITY
History and early beginnings Baybay was believed to be the only settlement
on the western coast of Leyte known to the rst Spanish conquistadores
that came with Magellan, as was Abuyog in the eastern part of the province
and Limasawa and Cabalian in the south. In 1620, the Jesuit fathers formally
founded the town after building a church and a mission house which belonged
to the residencia of Carigara, the rst and central station of the Society of
Jesuits in Leyte.
By superior approbation, Baybay was created a parish on September 8, 1835
with the invocation of Our Lady on theImmaculate Conception. However, the
town was erected an independent parish on February 27, 1836.When the
Augustinians took over the administration of the parish after the explosion
of the Jesuits, they opened the rst school in Baybay. During their time, the rst
road leading to Palompon was constructed, thus bringing Baybay closer to

her neighboring municipalities. The Augustinian fathers stayed in the town for
75 years all of which they devoted to the upliftment of the natives in
education and in their economic standing.
Ang suba nagbaybay sa Pangasugan
The rst church of Baybay was built in Brgy. Punta where it still stands
today but is in need of repair. Punta is one of the seven original barangays of
Baybay and was believed to be the original site of Baybay itself, although
there are others who say that it was actually in Kabkab, in the vicinity of Brgy.
Pangasugan.
Chinese invaders attempted to conquer the community but several attempts
were foiled by the brave and staunch natives. When the Spanish
conquistadores spread themselves out to the provinces, an expeditionary force
under Felipe Segundo evidently looking for a bigger settlement landed in a
barangay north of the town which was and still called Pangasugan. Landing
near the river, he pointed to a spot and asked a native in Spanish for the
name of the place. Unable to understand Spanish and thinking that Felipe
Segundo wanted to ask about the river, he answered in Visayan, Ang suba
nagbaybay sa Pangasugan. This is how Baybay got its name.
Baybay had also suffered from Moro raids. On October 22, 1605, one such
raid occurred and the pirates, after leaving countless dead, carried off 60
men as captives. Again, on November 4, 1663, Moros under the dreaded
Corralat took their toll of human lives and captives after mercilessly
slaughtering the handful of men defended the town with the aid of the parish
priest. Baybay had suffered a great setback in 1866 when a great re practically
reduced the town to ashes leaving only the chapel of the Holy Cross in a
miraculous manner. The civil administration of the town during the Spanish
era was placed in the hands of the gobernadorcillo, assisted by a teniente
and the different jueces and cabezas. In 1892, in accordance with the
provisions of the Mayura law, the head of the municipal government was
given the designation of Captain Municipal and his assistants were called
teniente mayor indice and the teniente de policia. For the rst time, a muez
de paz was designated and a detachment of guardians civil was placed in the
town.
The construction of the church which still stands today begun under the
engineering administration of Mariano Vasnillio during the term of Fr. Vicente

E. Coronado in 1852. The construction lagged for ten years after the work was
resumed under Maestro Proceso, who came from Manila for the purpose of
nishing the work. The church was nally nished in 1870 after Capitan
Mateo Espinoso, a sculptor and painter of renown, put on the nishing
touches. The altar and the rails, as they stand today, are a testament to his skill
and vision.As the Spanish residents moved away in the early months of 1898,
the reins of the local government passed completely into the hands of the
Filipino ofcials. An election was held and Don Quirimon Alkuino was elected
as the rst Filipino presidente. However, after about four months, Gen.
Vicente Lukban nullied the results of the election and ordered one to be
held, with the same results. Lukban ordered that the brgys. of Baybay be named
after the tenientes thus Caridad was renamed Veloso, Plaridel became
Alvarado, Bi tanhuan was named Coronado, San Agustin Sabando, Punta
Virginenza, Pomponan Montefolka, Gabas Bartolini, etc.
City of Baybay Today

Baybay is situated on the western coast of Leyte, immediately fronting the


Camotes Islands bounded by the Camotes Sea of Cebu, where it lays beyond
the Queen City of the South, Cebu City.
City of Baybay has a total land area of 46,050 hectares, and is known to
be one of the largest in terms of land area in the Eastern Visayas region. It
is divided into ninety-two (92) barangays, composed of 10 urban barangays
and 82 rural barangays.
Based on the 2007 Population Census report, the city is inhabited by
102,256 people, which is 6.93 percent higher than that of the 2000 gure. In
the last 20 years, the population of Baybay has been growing at an average of
1.43 percent annually.

Predominantly identied as an agri-shery-based economy, its agricultural


lands is well-suited for rice, corn, coconut, root crops, fruits, vegetables,
livestock production and is abundant in sheries resources, particularly in the
coastal areas.
Located along the western coastal area of the province and inter-connected
by concrete road network from the east, north and south, City of Baybays
potential as a satellite economic hub to Tacloban City is well recognized. At
present, there are two big manufacturing companies and about 87 different
types of business establishments operating in the city.
Endowed with a beautiful scenery and rich natural resources, the City offers a
number of tourist attractions. Beautiful natural rivers, hot springs, nature
pool and falls, beaches, caves, and old relics can be found within the City limits.
The City is also home to the Visayas State University, a locally and
internationally renowned tertiary institution that specializes in agricultural
research and education.
Geographic, political and physical Setting
Regional Setting
The City of Baybay is located within the Eastern Visayas Region (RegionVIII). It is bounded by the Bicol Region in the North, Western and Central
Visayas Regions in the West, the Leyte Gulf and the Philippine Sea in the
East , and the Caraga, Zamboanga Peninsula and Northern Mindanao
Regions in the South. The region is composed of three islands namely
Biliran, Samar and Leyte. It has an approximate land area of 21,431.6 km
composed of six provinces namely: Samar, Northern Samar, Eastern Samar,
Biliran, Leyte and Southern Leyte. As of March 31, 2009, the region is
composed of 136 municipalities and 7 cities with 12 Congressional Districts.
The regional center is Tacloban City which is approximately 96 kilometers away
from Baybay. Component Cities include Borongan City in Eastern Samar,
Calbayog City and Catbalogan City in Samar, Maasin City in Southern Leyte,
and Ormoc City in Leyte (Figure 2.1).
Provincial Setting
The Province of Leyte is bounded by the Province of Southern Leyte in the
South, Province of Cebu in the East, Province of Bohol in the Southwest,
Provinces of Biliran and Samar in the North. It has an approximate land area
of 5,712.8 square kilometers. The Province is composed of one highly

urbanized city (HUC), three cities, and 40 municipalities with ve


congressional districts. Major urban centers include the HUC of Tacloban, and
the Independent Component City of Ormoc and Baybay (Figure 2.2)
City Setting Location.
The
City
of
Baybay
is
located approximately 1244730 E
Longitude and 1041 N Latitude. It is bounded by the Municipalities of
Albuera and Burauen in the North, Municipalities of La Paz, Mac Arthur,
Javier, Abuyog, and Mahaplag in the East, South by the Municipality of
Inopacan and the Camotes Sea in the West.
Land area and Political Subdivision.
Based on the records provided by the City Planning and Development Ofce,
the City has an approximate land area of 46,050 hectares.
The City is composed of 92 barangays, 10 of which are classied as urban
and the remaining 82 are rural (Table 2.1a and Figure 2.4). Land
Classication. The Citys alienable and disposable lands or lands belonging to
the private domain are mostly situated along level slope areas along the
coastal zone and foot hills of the Leyte Cordillera (NAMRIA, 2008).
According to the Table 2.1b Land Area per Barangay, City of Baybay,
2009CENRO Environment and Natural Resources Statistical Prole, about
15,556 hectares of Baybays land area are classied as alienable and disposable
lands, which is roughly a third of the Citys total land area. These areas can also
be found in relatively at to hilly portions in the southern portion of the City.
Areas belonging to the public domain include pockets of timberlands found
in Brgys. Punta and Sabang, which are mostly mangrove areas and forest
lands in Brgy. Monterico. Areas along slopes of Mt. Cayoguiocan,
southernmost portion of Mt. Balao and most of the areas along the Leyte
Cordillera are considered as unclassied public forests. By virtue of
Proclamation 142, dated April 16, 1937, the Kaupnit-Balinsasayao National
Park covers certain portions of Brgys. Alta Vistra, Villa Solidaridad,
Higuloan, and Mailhi. Furthermore, the northwestern boundaries of the City
within the Leyte Geothermal Reservation are covered under Presidential
Proclamations 1112 and 1412.
Topography
Elevation and Surface Drainage.

Based on topographic maps from NAMRIA, the highest point in the City is
Mount Lunas with an approximate elevation of 1,175 meters above mean
sea level. High elevation zones are mostly located along the Leyte
Cordillera. Other high elevation areas can also be found in the eastern and
southern half of the locality. Low elevation and at areas are mostly
concentrated in the western coastal portions of the City.
The general pattern of water ow is from the eastern high elevation areas
to the western coastal areas eventually draining towards the Camotes Sea.
The City is highly dissected with natural perennial rivers and intermittent
streams wherein numerous exit river points can be observed along the coast.
Much of its fresh surface water can be attributed to the mountain range
formation that act as a watershed providing natural irrigation water supply to
cultivated lands along the alluvial plains.
Slope. The slopes in the City can be described as predominantly undulating to
steep (Table 2.2 and Figure 2.8). Based from GIS based slope calculations,
around 60% of the City have slopes ranging from 18% and above characterized
as rolling to steep, commonly situated in the high elevation and mid slopes
of the mountainous areas. Roughly 20% are considered undulating to rolling.
Roughly 10% of the land area is considered gently sloping to undulating mostly
situated along the foot hills. Only 8.9% of the land area is level to nearly at
mostly located in the coastal areas and alluvial plains.
Soil. Soil types, suitability and fertility characteristics in the City of Baybay
were derived from studies conducted by Jack Baynes, Pastor P. Garcia,
Faustino Villamayor and Melissa Gordon in 2007. The said group combined
Geographic Information System (GIS) and experts opinion to identify lands
which are suitable for forest extension program on the Leyte Island. Dr. Asio
of the Department of Agronomy and Soil Science at Leyte State University
provided a general description and assisted in subjectively ascribing site
suitability for soils in Leyte. Soil maps were sourced from the Farm
Management Institute at the Leyte State University (FARMI-VSU). The said
maps used the United States Department of Agriculture soil classication.
Based on soil descriptions (Asio, 2007), moderately to highly fertile lands
in the City belong to the Eutropept soil group mainly found along the
mountain mid-slopes adjacent to foot hills. Generallyfertile lands belong to
the Hapludalf and Hapludand/ Humitropepts are mostly found in high
elevation areas and are presently occupied by forests. Eutropept/ Tropaquept

are mostly situated in the low lying areas currently being utilized as annual
and perennial crop production areas and are often water saturated.
Hapludult soils are mostly found along the mountain slopes concentrated in
the mid southeastern portion of the City characterized as having low to
very low fertility. Sulhemist and Sulfaquents are mostly situated along the
coast adjacent to river mouths mostly occupied by Mangrove forests (Table 2.3).
Given the fertility and general characteristics of the soil as considerations for
the identication of possible areas for urban expansion, priority areas
should be given to soils with low to very low fertility, and areas not
currently being utilized as crop production zones. Areas with high to
moderate fertility are better allocated for production or protection land
uses, while ecologically fragile and water logged areas with Sulhemist and
Sulfaquents soils are best allocated for protection land uses.
Land Cover
Based from the Land Cover map sourced from NAMRIA, roughly a third of the
City is covered with cultivated perennial crops. Around 11.31 percent are
covered with cultivated annual crops. Approximately half of the City is
covered with forest lands either closed, open or wooded grassland or shrubs.
Around two percent is built up and the remaining 1.45 percent is composed of
mangrove forests, shponds, rivers and waterways. Cul t ivated annual and
perennial crop lands are mostly situated in the low lying areas and low
elevation mid-slopes of the mountains. Forest areas are situated in the high
elevation and mountain peak areas. Major built up areas can be found in
the Poblacion Zone, Brgy. Caridad and the VISCA campus. (Table 2.4 and
Figure 2.10)
Geologic Hazards
Ground Rupture Hazard Prone Areas.
Ground rupturing is associated with shallow seated large magnitude
earthquakes, usually Magnitude 7.0 and higher, that results from the relative
sliding of two adjacent fault blocks outwards from the focus or point of
origin of an earthquake. The length of ground rupturing depends on the
earthquake magnitude, while the relative movement of faults would depend
on the type of fault. According to the fault map provided by the Philippine
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), a segment of the
Philippine Fault Zone or the Central Leyte Fault is located in the
northeastern tip of the City. Fortunately, these are areas within thePNOC

Geothermal Reservation and no large scale settlements were found along the
rupture zone. However, being in close proximity to the fault, higher ground
shaking levels may be experienced during large magnitude earthquakes (Figure
2.11).
Liquefaction Prone Areas.
During strong ground shaking, areas underlain by loosely consolidated and
water saturated deposits of ne sand are likely to experience liquefaction.
Sand particles in these deposits are supported partly by grain-to-grain
contact and partly by water pore pressure. During vibration, sand particles
in these deposits are rearranged into more compact state, squeezing water
and sediments towards the surface in the form of water and sand. The
consequent loss in volume and underlying support results in the subsidence
of the ground on top of the liquefying sandy layers and with it, the sinking
and or tilting of buildings, utility posts, towers, roads, and bridges, and
irrigation canals. Liquefaction also induces lateral spreading, a type of ground
failure characterized by down slope sliding of the ground surface, sub-parallel
ssures formed as the sliding ground breaks into pieces, sand boils, that may
form on top of ssures and undulating ground surface. Any structure resting
on the ground surface that is affected by lateral spreading may be damaged
either by cracking, breaking, tilting, toppling, or sliding into nearby river
channel.
Based from the indicative maps provided by PHIVOLCS, areas susceptible
to liquefaction are concentrated in the low lying central alluvial plains near
the exit mouths of Pagbanganan, Has and Cablason rivers. Certain
portions of the existing urban center were found to be highly susceptible to
liquefaction, while other areas include the water saturated rice lands north to
northeast of the Poblacion.
Earthquake-Induced Landslides Prone Areas.
Based from Landslide Prone Indicative map provided by PHIVOLCS, majority
of the high elevation steep slope areas along the Mountain Range and the
mountainous areas in the south to southeastern boundaries are susceptible
to earthquake induced landslides. Undulating to rolling slopes (roughly 1215% in slope) located adjacent to level lands have low sand boils, that may
form on top of ssures and undulating ground surface. Any structure resting
on the ground surface that is affected by lateral spreading may be damaged

either by cracking, breaking, tilting, toppling, or sliding into nearby river


channel.
Based from the indicative maps provided by PHIVOLCS, areas susceptible
to liquefaction are concentrated in the low lying central alluvial plains near
the exit mouths of Pagbanganan, Has and Cablason rivers. Certain portions
of the existing urban center were found to be highly susceptible to
liquefaction, while other areas include the water saturated rice lands north to
northeast of the Poblacion.
Earthquake-Induced Landslides Prone Areas.
Based from Landslide Prone Indicative map provided by PHIVOLCS, majority
of the high elevation steep slope areas along the Mountain Range and the
mountainous areas in the south to southeastern boundaries are susceptible
to earthquake induced landslides. Undulating to rolling slopes (roughly 1215% in slope) located adjacent to level lands have low Tsunami Prone
Areas . A Tsunami is a series of sea waves commonly generated by under-thesea earthquakes with wave heights that could reach above ve meters.
Tsunamis can occur when the earthquake is shallow-seated and strong enough
to displace parts of the seabed and disturb the mass of water over it.
PHIVOLCS, under the Department of Science and Technologys Grants-InAid (DOST-GIA) program, modeled potential tsunami inundation zones on
selected areas in the Province of Leyte. Spatial modeling was done using the
Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System (REDAS), Philippine based
GIS software developed by PHIVOLCS. Using a combination of empirical
equations on Tsunami wave modeling and a worst case scenario earthquake
emanating from major offshore fault suggest that the whole western coastline
of the City is susceptible to tsunami with a hypothetical wave height of around
2.20-2.39 meters along the coast with gradual decrease in wave height further
inland. Inundation zones are expected to occur within the existing Poblacion
Zone and relative at to low lying areas along the coast. Estimated
horizontal runoff can reach as much as 600-800 meters inland in certain
parts of the City.
Meteorological Setting
Climate Type. The Modied Coronas climate classication by the Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA), the City of Baybay has a Type IV climate characterized as having

no pronounced dry season where rainfall is generally evenly distributed


throughout the year .
Prevailing Winds.
General prevailing winds in the region are northeasterly (Amihan) during the
months of October to February, easterly from March to May due to the Pacic
trade winds and southwesterly (Habagat) during the months of June to
September. Average Annual Rainfall and Temperature. Based from 35-year
statistics on climatological normals from PAGASA for the years 1965 to 2000,
gathered from different weather substations throughout the Archipelago and
analysis maps processed by NAMRIA for the Bureau of Agriculture ResearchSpatial Analysis and Information Laboratory (BAR-SAIL), the City of Baybay
has a mean annual rainfall range of 171.47 to 201.913 and average annual
rainfall is estimated at 2,500 mm. High rainfall levels are experienced
during the months of January to February and again during the months of
July to December. On the other hand, rainfall is low during the summer
months of March to May (Figure 2.16). The mean annual temperature range
from 27.2 to 28.2C. Annual minimum temperature is 22.3C while the
maximum is 36.67C. (Figure 2.17).
Meteorological Hazards
Tropical Cyclone Frequency.
The City of Baybay experiences an average of ve typhoons every three
years which could potentially cause associated hazards such as raininduced landslides and ooding apart fromits impacts to crop production
levels and property damage (Figure 2.18). La Nina and El Nino Vulnerability.
Based from the PAGASA La Nia and El Nio vulnerability maps, the City
of Baybay has low vulnerability to extreme low water conditions (El Nio)
but is highly susceptible to extreme rainfall conditions (La Nia). It is expected
that the City may incur a minimum damage level of 30 percent on its
agricultural lands during the occurrence of La Nina.
Flood prone areas.
Based on a technical study on the Nationwide Flood Risk Assessment and Flood
Mitigation Plan for Selected Areas in the Republic of the Philippines conducted
by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Department of
Public Works and Highways (DPWH), Dungcaan River Basin was identied
as a major ood risk in the City. Studies showed that the major cause of
ooding in the basin is discharge ow exceeding the river ow capacity.
Mitigation measures have been recommended such as establishing a dam

and reservoir in the upstream portions of the Basin and improving certain
river channel to increase water ow capacity. Furthermore, based on
informal interviews, certain portions in the low lying areas along the coast
experience slight ooding due to overowing of rivers from the discharge of
water originating from the mountain range.
Natural Resources and Environmental Management
Forest Ecosystem Protection Forest. There are four distinct areas
currently considered as forest protection areas due to its ecological
signicance and unique biodiversity, these are the following: i)Mt. Pangasugan
Protected Ranches Landscape. Situated approximately 10 kilometers away
from the Poblacion Zone, the Mt . Pangasugan Protected Landscape covers
three mountains namely: Mt. Panasugan, Mt. Tabaan and Mt. Lunas. It is
highly regarded for its unique biodiversity and is home to a range of
endemic wildlife. It serves as a habitat for several endangered animals such
as the Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syricta), ying lemur (Cynociphalus
volans) and Fischers pygmy fruit bat (Haplonycterus scheri). However, the
said area is not under the National Integrated Protected Areas System
(NIPAS) but local inhabitants, stakeholders and leaders has an on-going
initiative to place the area under NIPAS in order to protect the area from
further signicant disruptive land development. Mt. Pangasugan is also
targeted as one of the major natural attractions in the Province of Leyte.
In 1997, the Ecology of Mt. Pangasugan report compiled by Dr. Freidhelm
Gltenboth under the Applied Tropical Ecology Program in the Visayas
State University stated that Mt. Pangasugans forest types are the Lauan type
dominated by Pentacme contorta, the Lauan-Hagakhak type dominated by
Pentacme contorta andDipterocarpus validus, and the Yakal-Lauan type
dominated by Hopea malibato and Pentacme contorta. Three major strata
of plants were found in association with trees such as the Ground-living plant
communities including Begoniaceae, Orchidaceae, Pteridophyta (Ferms), and
Zingiberaceae. Epiphytic communities sitting on the trunks and branches of
the trees including Orchidaceae, few Rubiacea, ferns, mosses, lichens and
Araceae; and Creepers and lianas utilizing trees as supportive structure
including Palmae in the form of rattans, f e r n s , Ar a l i a c e a e , B amb u s
a c e a e , L e g umi n o s a e , Mimo s a c e a e , a n d Orchidaceae.
In terms of forest-associated fauna, the most signicant observation made
during the compilation of the said report was the rediscovery of the
Philippine Tarsius (Tarsius philipinensis), Philippine Flying Lemur

(Cynociphalus volans), and the identication of the Fishers Pygmy Fruit Bat
(Haploncycteris sheri) found within Mt. Pangasugan. In 1994, the microbat
Hypposideros obscurus was recorded. Thereport also mentioned that The
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
(IUCN) regularly issues theRed List of Threatened Animals and the said list is
also based from the published Philippine Red Data Book-Red List of
Threatened Animals by the Wildlife Conservation Society of the Philippines
Inc. Below are the IUCN status of species found in the Mt. Pangasugan
derived from the above mentioned sources (Tables 2-5 and 2-6).
In addition, around 216 bird species were recorded and a number of
endangered or vulnerable species were found in the Mt. Pangasugan area.
Sightings of the big hornbill Buceros hydrocorax semigaleatus can still be
encountered in the said area.
Furthermore, a recent study by (Denzer et. al. in press) revealed that of the
114 species of reptilian and amphibian living in Leyte, around 54 or 64%
can be found in Mt. Pangasugan. The VSU museum houses 43,000
specimens of arthropods belonging to 377 families and 509 genera, only
434 of these were determined to the species level. In terms of tree composition,
the report also identied six genera of important hardwood tree families in
the Philippines that can still be found in Mt . Panasugan these are: A n i s o p t
e r a , Ho p e a , P a r a s h o r e a , Dipterocarpus, Shorea and Vatica. The
average canopy height of what is left of the forest patches on Mt.
Panasugan is 20-30meters with Shorea polyosperma being one of dominant
species. Around one-sixth (1/6) of the all dominant individual trees in the
upper parts of the mountain belong to the Family Dipterocarpaceae. The
forested areas of Mt. Panasugan show at least 160 different species with up
to 100 dominant trees per hectare.
Among the most important tree species of Mt. Panasugan, 30 belong to
pioneer species, 19 native tree species of Non-Dipterocarp with high
commercial value and 18 belong to Family Dipterocarpaceae. It was also
emphasized in the report that in one Apitong Tree (Dipterocarpus validus),
around 675 individuals of arthropod live on and with this tree suggesting the
need to strictly protect the remaining tree base since these are key habitat for
many creatures.

Riverine ecosystem in the form of rivers and rivulets around Mt. Panasugan
are home to numerous sh species, prawns and shrimps. In the Calbiga-a
creek, at 300 m a.s.l, there were 11 Gobioidea recorded while at 20 m a.s.l.
there were 36 soecies recorded. All recorded organisms are testament to
the suitable water quality of the rivers and rivulets in Mt. Panasugan. This
implies the need to further protect forest cover to minimize river
sedimentation in the area.
In terms of tree composition, the report also identied six genera of
important hardwood tree families in the Philippines that can still be found in
Mt . Panasugan these are: A n i s o p t e r a , Ho p e a , P a r a s h o r e a ,
Dipterocarpus, Shorea and Vatica. The average canopy height of what is left
if the forest patches on Mt. Panasugan is 20-30 meters with Shorea
polyosperma being one of dominant species. Around one-sixth (1/6) of the all
dominant individual trees in the upper parts of the mountain belong to the
Family Dipterocarpaceae. The forested areas of Mt. Panasugan show at least 160
different species with up to 100 dominant trees per hectare. Among the
most important tree species of Mt. Panasugan, 30 belong to pioneer
species, 19 native tree species of Non-Dipterocarp with high commercial
value and 18 belong to Family Dipterocarpaceae. It was also emphasized in
the report that in one Apitong Tree (Dipterocarpus val idus) , around 675
individuals of arthropod live on and with this tree suggesting the need to strictly
protect the remaining tree base since these are key habitat for many
creatures. Riverine ecosystem in the form of rivers and rivulets around Mt.
Panasugan are home to numerous sh species, prawns and shrimps.
In the Calbiga-a creek, at 300 m a.s.l, there were 11 Gobioidea recorded while
at 20 m a.s.l. there were 36 soecies recorded. All recorded organisms are
testament to the suitable water quality of the rivers and rivulets in Mt.
Panasugan. This implies the need to further protect forest cover to minimize
river sedimentation in the area. Cuapnit Balinsasayao National Park. This
was established by virtue of Proclamation 142, dated April 16, 1937, which is
located in the eastern entrance of the City. It covers certain portions of Brgys.
Alta Vistra, Villa Solidaridad, Highloan, and Mailhi.
Closed and Open Canopy Forest.
Based from land cover maps, there are still broad leaved closed forests located
in the high elevation areas of the Leyte Cordillera. Though they exemplify the
same land cover characteristics as that of Mt. Panasugan Protected

Landscape, these areas are still considered as unclassied public forests


under the land classication system.
Mangrove Forests/Nipa Areas.
Policy recommendations from the National Physical Framework Plan (NPFP)
referring to areas under land use protection are the vast Mangrove Forests
and Nipa areas located in Brgys. Palhi, Punta and Sabang situated along the
southern coastlines. These Mangrove areas have signicant ecological roles
that ensure the relative growth and survival of the marine ecosystem along
with sea grass beds and coral reefs.
Production Forest.
Data on production forest were sourced from the Department of
Environmental and Natural Resources-Forest Management Bureau, Forest
Economics Ecological Profile of Baybay City, LeyteCommon Name Scientic
Name IUCN StatusPhilippine Eagle-OwlPhilippine Hawk-Eagle
Rufous-lored Kingsher Philippine Leafbird Miniature Tit-Babbler Bubo
philippinensis Endangered Spizaetus philippensis Vulnerable Todiramphus
winchelli Endangered Chloropsis avipennis Endangered Micromacronus
leytensis VulnerableDivision-Forest Information System (DENR-FMB-FEDFIS) Central Ofce. Production forest areas include the Kilim Community
Based Forest Management Project (CBFM No.R08-48186) and the Sitio Cienda
CBFM, which covers an approximate area of 2,236 hectares, including the
mountainous areas of Brgys. Gakat, Patag, Kilim and Gabas. Some portions
however are within the Mt. Panasugan Protected Landscape.
Marine and Coastal Resources
The Institute of Tropical Ecology-Marine Laboratory of VSU has made
signicant mapping and inventory efforts to determine the extent and quality
of marine/coastal resources of the City. The GPS survey points compiled by
the said Institute were used to delineate and determine the approximate
location and size of these resources.
Mangroves and Nipa Resources.
Mangrove areas can be found in the Poblacion Zone, Brgys. Palhi, Sabang,
Jaena, and Punta. The mangrove zones are mostly concentrated in the
southern coastal part of the City, which constitute around 261.51 hectares or
roughly0.57 percent of the total land area. Aside from its signicant

ecological role, these mangrove areas are also being planned to be among the
eco-tourism attractions of the City.
Fish Sanctuaries.
Fish sanctuaries can be found in Brgys. Gabas, Guadalupe, Sta. Cruz, Punta,
and Plaridel as well as areas adjacent to Mt. Panasugan and the VSU
campus. Necessary local ordinances have been enacted to ensure the
protection of these marine sanctuaries. Moreover, there are still ongoing
efforts to place under strict protection status other potential sites that
exemplify unique and highly diverse coastal ecosystems.
Coral Reefs. Coral Reefs can be found in the coastal areas of Mt. Panasugan,
VSU, Brgys. Caridad, Hilapnitan, San Agustin, Marcos, Gabas, Sabang,
Punta, and Nigad. The spatial distribution suggests that these fragmented
coral reefs are found throughout the coastline, wherein large coral reef
formations can be found in the southern coastlines of Brgys. Punta, Palhi and
Sabang.
On the other hand, dead corals were also observed by the ITE in Brgy.
Nigad. This implies that there is a need for a comprehensive coastal resource
management plan to ensure the protection of the coral reef resources of the City.
Water resources
Surface water resources. The City is characterized as highly dissected
with rivers and streams, wherein the Department of Agriculture had
identied 27 rivers and creeks. The surface waters have been a source of
irrigation water to sustain the agricultural production activities. According to
Baybay Water District (BWD), the current sources of potable water of City of
Baybay are the Busay, Kawayan, Hayas and Upper Hayas Springs with
rated capacity of 58, 7, 20, and 10 liters per second(Lps), respectively (Table
2.8). The total rated capacity is estimated at 95 Lps
Population Composition
As of 2007, the City of Baybay host a population of 102,526 residents. This
accounts for almost 6 percent of the Province of Leyte and 3 percent of that of
the Eastern Visayas. Comparative to the two cities of Leyte, Baybay
population is behind Ormoc (177,524) and the Provincial Capital of Tacloban
(217,199).
In terms of tempo of growth, the Citys population does not follow the
general growth trend of Leyte and that of Region VIII. From 1995-2000,

Baybay population showed an upswing with a growth rate of 2.10 percent in


2000 as against 0.93 percent during the previous censal year. On the other
hand, a decline of population growth rates was observed in Leyte (from
2.55% 0.52%) and the Region (from 1.97-1.41%) during the same period. For
2007, both the provincial and regional population recovered and posted
higher growth rates at 1.12 percent and 1.16 percent, respectively.
Conversely, the population growth rate of Baybay in 2007 was at low of
0.96 percent, which is 1.14 percent lower than that of 2000.
Age-Sex Distribution.
In terms of gender distribution, Baybay males outnumber the females with a
sex ratio of 104 males for every 100 females. Following the national trend
wherein women generally outlive the men population, the life expectancy of
females is 71.64 years old while the males is 66.11 years (Table 3.3) In 2007,
Adults aged 15-64 years old, dominates the Baybays population with a 57
percent (58,597) share of the total populace.
Children from the age of 0-14 years, on the other hand, accounts for 37
percent (38,394) while the elderly posts the lowest contribution of about 6
percent (5,534). The age structure of the City holds great potential for an
economy posed for growth.
Dependency Ratios.
The strong number of the working population against the young and old
dependents has tempered down the dependency of the population.
Estimates for 2007 show that Baybays total dependency ratio was registered
at 74.48. This means that for every 100 persons in the working population
age group, approximately 66 young dependents and 9 old dependents are
identied.
Household size.
In terms of projected households based on estimated population of 141,655
in 2020 and average household size of 4.92, there will be 28,990 total
households or an additional 9,473 households in the City of Baybay compared
to the 2000 household count. In year 2020, Barangays with at least 250
households are expected in Barangays Plaridel, Caridad, Kilim, Pomponan,
Hipusngo, Bitanhuan, Poblacion Zone 1, Pangasungan, Gabas, Bunga,
Guadalupe, (Utod), Ga-as, Palhi, Poblacion Zone 23, Candadam, Gakat,
Hilapnitan, Igang, San Isidro, Santa Cruz, Santo Rosario, Hibunawan,

Maybog, Maslug, Marcos, Punta, Maitum, Patag, Sabang, San Juan, Cogon,
San Agustin, Maganhan, Ciabo, Poblacion Zone 18, Kan-ipa, Makinhas, Villa
Solidaridad, Amguhan, Mailhi, Poblacion Zone 4, Buenavista, Poblacion Zone
22 and Kansungka. However, certain barangays targeted as secondary
commercial, residential and industrial development areas is expected to
deviate from the computed households by 2020. These areas can be the
possible location of planned social and economic support infrastructure for
the provision of basic social services and utilities.
Population Distribution
Urban Barangays. Of the 92 barangays in Baybay, only 9 are delineated as
urban areas. The urban population accounts for only 11 percent of the total
population. While the rate of population growth in the last 7 years has
been gradual (1.44 percent annually), nonetheless, as the City grows, issues
such as congestion, water availability and trafc can be expected.
Rural Barangays.
Essentially, the City remains agriculture based with the remaining 83
barangays categorized as rural areas. In the last 2 surveys, the rural
barangays contribute a sizeable 90 percent of the Citys total population. In
2007, the top 9 populated rural barangays are Caridad, Plaridel, Kilim,
Hiusngo, Pangasung an, Bitanhuan, Guadalupe, Gaas, and Gabas. The
consistent prominence of the rural population, as observed by the high
ranking of the rural barangays in terms of population, is attributed to the
availability of land for residential use in the rural compared to the urban
barangays.
Population Density.
Based on land area and existing population count, population density of urban
barangays is estimated at 9 persons per hectare while rural barangays have an
estimated population density of 2. It can be observed that certain rural
barangays (namely Poblacion barangays) have a higher density than that of
Urban barangays classied. This is mainly attributed in the differences in
barangay land area. 61 barangays have a density of less than 10 persons per
hectare. Poblacion 15, a rural barangay, has the highest population density of
368 persons per hectare. Among the urban barangays, Poblacion 23 has the
highest population density of 260 persons per hectare. In general all
poblacion barangays either classied urban and rural, have a population
density ranging from 60-368 which is higher compared to the nonpoblacion barangays. Furthermore, certain deviations from the projected

population growth and densities are expected in areas depending on the pace
of future development of targeted secondary commercial, residential and agroindustrial development which includes Barangays Amguhan, Ampihanon,
Banahao, Bidlinan, Buenavi s ta, Ciabo, Ga-as, Gubang, Hi g u l o a n , Ka b a l
a s a n , Ka g uma y, Kambong g an, Mahayahay, Ma i lhi , Makinhas, Mapgap,
Matam-is, Maypatag, Monte Verde, Palhi, Pomponan, Sabang, San Juan,
Santo Rosario, Zacarito, Gabas, Kansungka, Kilim, and Patag apart from the
23 Poblacion barangays. Density remains well below that of Leyte Province,
which is 2.5 persons per hectare and Tacloban City (9.5 persons) and Ormoc
City (2.7 persons).
From 2004-2007, the annual average CBR of the city was posted at 20.09. This
means that their 20.09 births for every 1,000 persons in Baybay City. During
the same period, the highest CBR level of 21.12 births per 1,000 population
was observed in 2005. However in the next two years, CBRs have
stabilized to 19.73, which may have contributed to the conservative growth in
population of the City between 2000 and 2007.
Morbidity. While fertility results to an increase or restoration of the
population, mortality corresponds to a natural reduction in numbers.
Mortality is the relative occurrence of deaths within the population. Similar
to fertility, the incidence of death is related to factors namely, age, sex,
occupation, economic and social class.
Rates of Natural Increase. Based on the NSO Population survey, from a
City of 95,630 residents in 2000, Baybay grew by an increment of 6,626
in seven years. Comparing the number of births against the number of
death incidence in 2007, only 1,639 of the increment increase in population is
attributable to natural factors.
Hence, the remaining 4,987 new residents can be gleaned as migrants to
Baybay. The decision to change residence of an individual is determined by
the push-pull qualities of locality relating to the possible economic, social,
political, and cultural welfare gains resulting from migration.
Other Population Characteristics
Educational attainment.
Baybay boasts of a high level of literacy, both
literacy. In 2000, Baybay posted simple literacy
the Provincial average (90.1) and Ormoc City
However, Tacloban City remains ahead in

for functional and simple


levels of 91.40 surpassing
(88.5) by a good measure.
literacy with 97.3 rating.

Comparing the educational attainment of the Citys population against its


reported literacy performance, it can be seen that almost 92 percent (77,377)
of the population 5 years old and over gained a level of education. About 52
percent has reached the elementary level, 25 percent completed high school and
13 percent was able to move to college or post-secondary education.
Population Projections till 2020
For the purpose of estimating the future population levels of Baybay, the
participation rate method was utilized for the following reasons. Based on
the growth pattern of the citys population for the last 12 censal surveys,
Baybay has exhibited uctuating growth trend reective of a low-growth
scenario. Without deliberate policy intervention to improve economic
conditions, the same trend can be expected sector thru mechanization and
expansion to agro- industrial activities.
The dominance of the working-age population (15-64 years old) would
remain over the other age groups. By 2020, the 15-64 age group accounts
for 37 percent of the total population, when translated to resource it is
indicative of a rich human capital for labor force.
The local economy
Current state and growth pattern
Generally, Baybay is an agricultural City. The common means of livelihood are
farming, shing, hunting and forest-related activities. Rice, corn, abaca, root
crops, fruits, and vegetables are the prime agricultural commodities. While
bamboo, rattan craft, ceramics, dress-making, ber craft, food preservation, mat
weaving, metal craft, ne Philippine furniture manufacturing, are among the
promising industries in the region. Moreover, Baybay has great potential for
tourism with its rich biodiversity, sceneries, and historical landmarks (e.g.,
Visayas State University formerly the Leyte State University/Visayas State
College of Agriculture and the Jungle Valley Park. Eco-parks and other tourist
attractions of the City.
Performance of Economic Sectors
Primary Sector Production Agriculture/Crop Production.
In terms of area planted, the top 5 commodities are coconut, abaca, rice,
banana and corn. Coconut is the principal crop of Baybay, accounting for
about 71 percent or 16,176 hectares of the total agricultural land in City. The
following major crops are cultivated in the City, abaca, rice, banana, and corn.

Other agricultural commodities such as vegetables, fruit trees and root crops
are also locally produced.
Area coverage and volume of production shows positive correlation. Coconut
ranked rst in terms of volume of production with about 64 percent of the
total agricultural produce. Rice production contributes about 8,088 metric tons
to the local grain supply.
There are 80 irrigation systems serving 2,221 farmers in Baybay. Of the 1,540hectare coverage of the irrigation system, about 1431.75 hectares is serviced
by gravity/communal irrigation. The rest of the 108.25 hectares is irrigated
through pump irrigation (56.25 ha), small water impounding (27.0 ha) and
shallow tube well (25.0 ha). The eld mapping of irrigation coverage was
recommended for detailed study as part of the proposed priority projects
under the Agribusiness Development Program, Rehabilitation/restoration of
communal irrigation systems component to identify existing irrigation
coverage and identify future irrigation systems based on the identied
agricultural zones as indicated in the proposed land use and zoning maps.
It was suggested that validation of these agricultural production areas
should be coordinated with the National Irrigation System for possible
integration in the agencys irrigation identication, rehabilitation and restoration
programs.
In terms of market, majority of the agricultural produce are consumed
domestically with exemption of coconut that are exported abroad.
Livestock and Poultry.
Baybay has been known for its livestock and poultry production. In terms
of livestock production, a total of 6,692 farms reported to have reared
14,801 heads either of carabao, cattle, goat, sheep, horse and swine (Table
4.2). Swine and carabao are among the dominant livestock raised by
farmers with 79 percent and 16percent of the l ives tock populat ion,
respectively.
On the other hand, about 125,305 heads in 4,074 farms were recorded for
poultry composed of native chicken, commercial broiler, turkey, and ducks.
For poultry, commercial broiler is in the number 1 slot with more than half
of the poultry population (52%), followed by native chicken found with 43

percent in 3,165 farms. The remaining four (4%) is composed of ducks and
turkey with 1,240 and 3,335 heads, respectively.
Fisheries.
Fish production is one of the primary sources of livelihood and food for 42
barangays in Baybay. There are about 780 sherfolks and 926 shing
households dependent on shing. As of 2008, the average sh catch was posted
at 3.8 kilograms per day.
While the area is a coastal community, the sh catch is harvested from fresh
water areas which accounts for 97 percent or 7,390.5 hectares of the Citys
total shing ground.About 160.5 hectares of brackish water areas are utilized
for sh production.
Forest Production.
According to the CENRO (2009), a total of 3,808.49 hectares has been
earmarked as production forest (Table 4.4a). Of the total area, about 59
percent (2,236 ha) is classied as Community-Based Forest Management
areas, 15 percent (582 ha) are watershed areas, and only 9 percent (358 ha)is
allocated for timber production. The remaining 17 percent (632 ha) is
categorized as forest reservation and area allocated under a private forest
development agreement.
Agriculture Support Services and Facilities.
The City Agricultural Ofce (CAO) of Baybay estimates there are 5,099
farming and 926 shing households in the City. Of this number, about 37.8
percent and 60 percent household, respectively, avail of agricultural extension
and on-site research services from the government, namely, CAO, Department
of Agriculture, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources.
Community organization among sherfolks and farmers is also evident in
Baybay. To date there are 134 rural organization operating in Baybay with a
membership of 1,670 sherfolks. These are Cooperatives (80), Rural
Improvement Club (19), Farmers (15) and Fisherfolks (20) Association.
Employing the community-based approach to coas tal resource protect ion
and management, there are 11 Barangay Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Management Councils (BFARMC) in the City. The 297 members of the
BFARMC.

In support to promoting and improving the competitiveness of local


products, the local government coordinates the provision of support
services such as market ing, processing, packaging, and value-adding.
There are 179 postharvest facilities in the City, such as rice mills (51),
warehouses (51) and solar dryers (77). In terms of ownership, about 80 percent
or 142 of these facilities are privately owned. The remaining 37 or 20 percent
are the property of cooperatives (10),national government (1).
In support to crop production there are 80 irrigation systems serving 2,221
farmers in Baybay. Of the 1,510 hectare coverage of the system, about 93
percent or 1,401.75 hectares is serviced by gravity/communal irrigation. The
rest of the 108.25 hectares is irrigated through pump irrigation (56.25 ha),
small water impounding (27.0 ha) and shallow tube well (25.0 ha).
Food Supply and Demand. For the purpose of presenting the food
demand, the consumption requirements for rice shall be used as the
indicator for food demand.
According to Food and Nutrition Research Institute, monitoring of rice
consumption alone will give a good benchmark of the caloric adequacy
across income and age levels. Also, rice constitutes almost 88% of the
recommended daily food allowance of Filipinos as observed in the
National Food Survey (1993)
Based on the rice production performance of the city, the rice sector produces
an average of 8,089 MT annually. In terms of rice demand, the total rice
requirement of the city is estimated at 13,324.38, 14,714.41, and 16,196.83 for
2010, 2015 and 2020 respectively. Given an annual average production
volume of 8089 metric tons, there is an estimated decit of locally produced
rice in within the planning period.
However, this should not be taken as indication of a rice shortage in the
City as rice supply to supplement the requirements of the City can be sourced
from surrounding municipalities in the province. In 2008, the province of
Leyte posted a rice surplus of 4,097 MT of rice (Table 4.4b).
Secondary Sector. Based on the 2007 number of business, there are 643
business establishments operating in the City generating a gross sales of Php
498,497,908.

Out of the 643 establishments, 23 belong tothe secondary sector with a year
end output of Php 82,208,011.69A total of 21.84 hectares are allocated for
industrial uses where 3.24 are located in the existing poblacion and 18.60
located in Barangays Caridad, Hilapnitan and Bunga. There are only 23
identied industrial establishments. Given the aggregated industrial areas
and the total number of establishments, the average lot area for industrial
establishment is estimated at 9,495.65 square meters (Table 4.4c).
Tertiary Sector
Based on the 2007 number of business, there are 620 business establishments
operating in the City that belong to the tertiary sector. Around Php
416,289,896.35 out of the total Php
498,497,908.04 was generated by the
said sector in 2007. This indicates that the economy is mostly driven by
the tertiary sector.
Based on land use survey mapping, total of 9.84 hectares of commercial
areas were identied mostly located in the poblacion zone. Given the total
aggregated and land area for commercial and the documented number of
tertiary establishments of 620, commercial spaces have an average lot area of
158.70 square meters. However, it must be noted that this not take into
account the actual oor area of the establishments .
Food and beverage-based businesses. The food-based industry is
composed of various small-scale wet/dry markets. A total of 216
establishments are registered under this category earning a total sale of
P153M. The top 3 earners are Drugstore/Pharmacy (P84M), grocery (P27M),
and meat shops (P23M) in 2008. In terms of number, Sari-sari stores
remain the most popular type of food business in Baybay. A total of 68 sarisari stores are registered in Baybay. This is followed by small-scale food
establishments (e.g. cafeteria, carinderias and eatery) with 33 establishments.
Agriculture-based Products.
Based from the 2008 data, Agriculturevet recorded the highest gross sales
among the agri-based industries with a gross share of about 67 percent.
Followed by the abaca and copra industry that contributes about 20 percent.
In terms of the number of establishments, abaca based business posted the
highest number with a total of 37 stores. The observed high contribution of
agri-based products is considerable given that Baybay is an agricultural City.

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