SECTION B

7 (a) Give three differences between an electrolytic cell and a voltaic cell.
[6 marks]
(b) Electrolysis process is used in the industries for electroplating of metals. What is meant by
electrolysis?
[1 mark ]
(c) An experiment was carried out to electroplate an iron spoon with silver metal.
(i) State the suitable substances that used as anode, cathode and electrolyte solution.
[3 marks ]
(ii) Sketch a labelled diagram for the apparatus set-up in the experiment. The substances stated in
(c(1))need to be included in diagram.
[2 marks ]
(iii) State the observation and write the half-equation of the reaction occur at cathode and anode
during the electroplating process.
[4 marks ]
(iv) State two main purposes of electroplating the iron spoon with silver metal.
[2 marks ]
(v)State two conditions should be adhered to obtain a product of electroplating that is uniform and attr
active.
[2 marks ]

Section A [60 marks]

1 Diagram 1 shows the apparatus setup to determine the concentration of sodiumhydroxide, NaOH solution using the titration method.

Diagram 1 Rajah 1
Methyl orange is used as an indicator and the experiment is repeated for three times. The volume of h
ydrochloric acid thatrequired to completely neutralise 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide is shown in Table
1.
Number of titration
Bilangan
pentitratan
Initial reading/cm3
Bacaan awal/cm3
Final reacting/cm3
Bacaan akhir/cm3

3
Table 1 Jadual 1

0.50

1.00

0.00

25.50

26.50

24.50

(a) Give the definition of molarity.

________________________________________________________
[1 mark ]
(b) (i) What is meant by end point of titration?

___________________________________________________
[1 mark ]

(ii) State the colour change of the indicator at the end point of titration.

___________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) Write a balanced chemical equation for the above reaction.
________________________________________________________
[1 mark ]
(d) (i) Calculate the average volume acid hydrochloric that is used.
___________________________________________________
[1 mark ]
(ii) Hence, determine the number of moles of acid hydrochloric.

___________________________________________________
[2 marks / 2 markah]
(e) Calculate the molarity of sodium hydroxide used in the experiment.
________________________________________________________
[2 marks / 2 markah]
2 Table 2 shows some of the properties of three elements in Group 17.

Eleme
nt
Unsur

Symb
ol
Simbo
l

Chlorin Cl
e
Klorin
Bromin Br
e
Bromin
Iodine
I
Iodin
Table 2 Jadual 2

Melting point
/
C
Takat lebur /
C
102

Boiling point
/
C
Takat didih/
C
34

59

114

184

(a) Based on Table 2, state the physical state of the three elements at room condition.

(i) Chlorine:
___________________________________________________
(ii) Bromine:
___________________________________________________
(iii) Iodine:
___________________________________________________
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(b) Describe the trend of the electronegativity down the group.

________________________________________________________
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(c) Astatine is located below iodine in Group 17.
(i) Predict the physical state of astatine in room condition.

___________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) Write the molecular formula for astatine.
___________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(iii) State the bond that formed in the molecule of astatine.

___________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]

3 Diagram 2 shows a voltaic cell formed by zinc and copper.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan sel voltan yang terbentuk daripada zink dan kuprum.

Diagram 2 Rajah 2
(a) What is the function of porous pot?

________________________________________________________
[1 mark ]
(b) State the conversion of energy that occurs in the cell.

________________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(c) In which direction of electron flow in the voltaic cell?

________________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(d) State the positive and negative terminal of the cell. Explain your answer.

________________________________________________________
[2 marks / 2 markah]
(e) What can be observed in
(i) zinc rod?

___________________________________________________
(ii) copper rod?

___________________________________________________
[2 marks / 2 markah]
(f) What will happen to the copper (II) sulphate solution after some time?

________________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(g) Write an overall ionic equation for the reaction that occurs in the voltaic cell.

________________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(h) Predict the cell voltage if the copper rod is replaced with iron rod.

________________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
4 Diagram 3 shows the chemical changes occur on carbonate of P.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan perubahan secara kimia yang berlaku dalam karbonat P.

Diagram 3 Rajah 3

(a) Identify P.

_______________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) When solid P is heated strongly, it decomposes to form solid R and released gas S.
(i) Identify
Solid R:
___________________________________________________
Gas S:
___________________________________________________
[2 marks ]
(ii) What is the colour of solid R when it is hot and after cooled?

___________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(c) Sulphuric acid is added to solid P.
(i) What can be observed when sulphuric acid is added to solid P?
___________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) Identify Q.
___________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(iii) Write a complete equation that occurs in (c) (i).

___________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(d) Based on equation in (c) (iii), calculate the volume of
2 mol dm3 sulphuric acid that required to dissolve 15 g of solid P.
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C, 12; O, 16; S, 32; Cu, 64; Zn, 65; Pb, 207]

________________________________________________________
[3 marks / 3 markah]
5 (a) Define:

(i) molecular formula.

_________________________________________________
(ii) empirical formula.
___________________________________________________
[2 marks / 2 markah]
(b) Diagram 4 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide.

Diagram 4 Rajah 4
(i) What is the function of anhydrous calcium chloride?
___________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) State another substance that can used to replace anhydrous calcium chloride in the experiment.
___________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(c) (i) State an reaction that used to prepare hydrogen gas in the laboratory.

___________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction in (c)(i).
___________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(d) Table 3 shows the results of the experiment.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.

Mass of combustion tube + asbestos crucible:
40.35 g
Jisim tabung pembakaran + mangkuk
asbestos: 40.35 g
Mass of combustion tube + asbestos crucible
+ copper oxide: 46.35 g
Jisim tabung pembakaran + mangkuk asbesto
s + kuprum oksida:46.35 g
Mass of combustion tube + asbestos crucible
+ copper: 45.15 g
Jisim tabung pembakaran + mangkuk
asbestos + kuprum: 45.15 g
Relative atomic mass: O, 16; Cu, 64
Jisim atom relatif: O, 16; Cu, 64
Table 3 Jadual 3
Based on Table 3, determine
Berdasarkan Jadual 3, tentukan
(i) the number of moles of oxygen.

___________________________________________________
[2 marks / 2 markah]
(ii) the number of mole of copper.

___________________________________________________
[2 marks / 2 markah]
(iii) Hence, determine the empirical formula of copper oxide.

___________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]

6 Table 4 shows some physical properties for three substances.

Substance
s
Bahan

Meltingpoint/
C
Takatlebur/
C

714

650

102

Electrical
conductivity
Kekonduksian
elektrik
Solid
Pepeja
l
No
Tidak
Yes
Ya
No
Tidak

Molten
Lebura
n
Yes
Ya
Yes
Ya
No
Tidak

Table 4 Jadual 4
(a) State the types of bond in
(i) substance A.
___________________________________________________
(ii) substance B.
___________________________________________________
(iii) substance C.
___________________________________________________
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(b) By giving a reason, compare the electrical conductivity of each substance in difference state.
________________________________________________________
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(c) Explain why substance C has low melting point.
________________________________________________________
[3 marks / 3 markah]

(d)Given that substance A, B and C are formed from either element magnesium, element chlorine or b
oth elements. Write themolecular formula for each substance.

(i) Substance A:
___________________________________________________

(ii) Substance B:
___________________________________________________
(iii) Substance C:
___________________________________________________
[3 marks / 3 markah]