Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Spring 2015
Contents
Contents..................................................................................................................i
List of Figures .......................................................................................................ii
List of tables ........................................................................................................ iii
List of symbols ...................................................................................................... iv
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT............................................................................. 1
2. ANALYSIS OF TRUSS MEMBERS ............................................................ 2
3. DESIGN OF TRUSS MEMBERS ................................................................. 6
4. DESIGN OF BOLTED CONNECTIONS ................................................... 10
5. CHECK FOR BLOCK SHEAR FAILURE ................................................. 12
Annexure A: BILL OF QUANTITIES ............................................................... 123
Annexure B: DRAWINGS ................................................................................. 124
References ......................................................................................................... 155
i
Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
List of Figures
Figure 1: Side elevation of the truss...1
Figure 2: Section A-A used in method of sections.3
Figure 3: Transverse Loads on beam #72......5
Figure 4: BMD of beam #72..........5
Figure 5: Transverse Loads on beam #72..5
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
List of tables
Table 1: Axial forces in each of denoted members4
Table 2: Bolts provided at selected joints11
Table 3: Bill of quantities for a 300 ft. long truss13
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
List of symbols
Slenderness parameter
Limiting slenderness parameter for compact element
Limiting slenderness parameter for noncompact element
Resistance factor
Effective net area, in2
Gross cross-sectional area of member, in2.
Gross area subject to shear, in2
Net area subject to tension, in2
Net area subject to shear, in2
Specified minimum tensile strength, ksi
Specified minimum yield stress, ksi
First-order moment using LRFD or ASD load combinations, with the structure
restrained against lateral translation, kip-in
Plastic bending moment, kip-in
Required axial strength in chord using LRFD load combinations, kips
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The purpose of this report is to design a 300 feet roof Pratt truss members for the given
design loads. The loads that are given are:
Dead Loads:
Decking plus clay tile roofing (on Sloping sides)
Live Loads:
Snow
Concentrated Load
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
1 1.2
1.6
0.5
2 1.4
3 1.2
4 1.2
5 0.9
6 0.9
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.2
The critical load combination which will have a maximum effect on the truss in terms
of axial loads and moments on its individual members is:
1.2
1.6
0.5
As a first step of design, axial forces in each chord member have been calculated
using SAP 2000. The practical tributary loads on each purlin which further induces moments
in individual members of the truss have been calculated.
2.2 Calculation of axial Loads:
The purlins are assumed to be placed 5 feet apart (panel points). Transverse loads on
Panel points (P) have been applied, for calculation of axial forces in the members. The
transverse loads on the panel points have been calculated for tributary width.
Loads on panel points:
Dead loads:
Decking plus roofing = 10
Purlins plus sag rods = 5
40
40
5
5
2
1
Live Loads:
Snow Loads = 25
Roof Live load = 10
40
40
5
5
2
Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
The forces
&
are found to be
38
76
67
58
30
125
100
75
50
25
3
Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
Pu(kips)
-210.958
-151.142
-90.3
-58.858
-90.3
-151.142
-210.958
-717.653
-717.653
-2.738
-2.738
-948.724
-948.724
-845.761
-922.794
-922.794
-845.761
-700.487
-629.844
-700.487
-629.89
-70.21
-70.21
Behaviour
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Compression
Beam #
1
2
3
4
7
8
24
32
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
Pu (kips)
276.478
198.427
119.421
40.227
197.617
275.668
40.603
40.603
599.904
600.517
540.904
718.757
846.475
923.213
923.213
846.475
718.757
540.704
600.517
599.904
Behaviour
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
The axial forces deduced and shown in table 1 are used to find the moments in
members and find the corresponding flexural demand. The assumption of allotting loads over
the panel points is only to facilitate the calculation of axial loads in the members, which
technically doesnt produce any moments in the beam. But in reality, the truss members in
the upper chords are under the influence of point loads spread evenly over the span of 25
under which there are considerable moments. Hence all the members in the upper chords act
as beam column due to presence of both lateral and transverse loadings.
Analysis of beam # 72 for flexural demands is shown. The factored loads on the beam
are shown in the figure 3. (All loads are in kips)
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
228
self-weight of the beam and accordingly the axial loads in the members are increased by
18.75k-ft.
5
Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
7.8
9.152
Since
Therefore,
382.5
Since
19.3,
90.553
Therefore,
382.5
19.3;
Since
300;
158.525;
623.484
327.197
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
7.8;
13.487
Since
Therefore,
992.363 .
19.3;
35.884
Since
Therefore,
992.363 .
Based on two possible modes of failure, it is found that the capacity of the member is
.
kips
As per AISC specification Appendix 8, the ultimate moment and axial load demands
are increased with a factor
and
&
becomes zero
to be 1.298, which is greater than 1 and hence this member isnt suitable for the current
demands of flexure and compression. Similar procedure was adopted and it was found that
W14 X 176 was suitable with deflections in the member lesser than 1.25 in. i.e. (L/240). For
all the members acting as Beam-column, similar methodology of limit state was adopted and
to make the truss aesthetically appealing, all the members in the upper chord were assigned
W14 X 159 section.
3.2 Design of Tension Members:
It is observed, as presumed, that most of tension members were the lower chord
members. All the tension members have been designed as per AISC specification Chapter D.
There are two limit state criteria for tension member design.
1. Gross section yielding
2. Net area Rupture
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
, where
, where
Design of beam# 60 has been shown. All the other tension members in the truss have been
design in the same manner.
For beam# 60:
913.213
5% of the ultimate load is added to accommodate the self-weight of the member. Hence
taking
988
Let us assume W 14 X 68 section for which,
20
65
50
20
0.9
50
1000 ;
1000
900
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
Let us consider W14X 82, whose section and material properties are as follows.
24
65
50
For Gross area yielding
0.9
24
50
1080
For calculating Net area Rupture Capacity, net area is assumed to be 85% of the gross area.
0.75
65
994.5
0.85
24
994.5 ;
958.87
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
2.4
2.4
0.5
58
69.6
923.213
31.8
30
Design of connections for the joints specified has been calculated in a similar manner.
Table 2 shows the number of bolts required and number of bolts provided for critical joints.
A minimum of 3 in. center-to-center spacing, 1.25 in. edge/end distance has been
required as per AISC specifications, but the bolts are placed depending on the sections
chosen at respective joints. The number of bolts provided for each joint is specified in figure
7.
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
6
7
10
11
12
13
Member
60
4
28
5
61
59
3
27
60
58
2
26
59
57
1
25
58
56
75
24
57
55
49
56
55
71
71
49
75
72
72
24
1
35
35
25
2
67
67
26
3
68
68
27
4
53
53
28
54
Section
W14X176
W14X22
W14X61
W14X22
W14X176
W14X176
W14X22
W14X61
W14X176
W14X176
W14X22
W14X61
W14X176
W14X176
W14X22
W14X61
W14X176
W14X176
W14X22
W14X61
W14X176
W14X176
W14X22
W14X176
W14X176
W14X159
W14X159
W14X22
W14X48
W14X159
W14X159
W14X61
W14X22
W14X159
W14X159
W14X61
W14X22
W14X159
W14X159
W14X61
W14X22
W14X159
W14X159
W14X61
W14X22
W14X159
W14X159
W14X61
W14X159
Bolts
Required
30
2
2
2
30
27
4
3
30
23
7
5
27
18
9
7
23
19
3
2
18
19
1
19
19
23
23
1
3
20
20
2
9
23
23
7
7
27
27
5
4
30
30
3
2
30
30
2
30
Bolts
Provided
32
4
4
4
32
28
4
4
32
24
8
8
28
20
12
8
24
20
4
4
20
20
4
20
20
24
24
4
4
20
20
4
12
24
24
8
8
28
28
8
4
32
32
4
4
32
32
4
32
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
31.44
3.93
3.193
207.817; 0.6
1031.076;
0.6
1031.076
30.122
1178
0.6
1039.359
923.213
which is the ultimate tensile load in the member. In a similar manner, all the steel members
used are checked and found to be well within the limits.
Note that, the bottom chord members could have been built using section W14X99
for lesser weight of steel, but the section is failing in block shear after the connections are
built. Hence, it has been changed from W14X99 to W14X176. The sections assigned to
each member of the frame and details of the bolts and their center to center spacing have
been shown in figure 7.
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
24
25
26
27
W14X22
W14X22
W14X22
W14X22
W14X61
W14X61
W14X61
W14X61
39
39
39
39
30
30
30
30
22
22
22
22
61
61
61
61
Total
Weight
(Kips)
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
28
W14X61
15
61
0.92
S.No Member
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Length Weight
(ft)
(#/ft)
Section
35
W14X159
25
159
49
W14X22
15.9
22
53
W14X159
25
159
55
W14X176
25
176
56
W14X176
25
176
57
W14X176
25
176
58
W14X176
25
176
59
W14X176
25
176
60
W14X176
25
176
67
W14X159
25
159
68
W14X159
25
159
71
W14X159 29.15
159
72
W14X159 29.15
159
75
W14X48
29.15
48
Total Steel Weight (half of the section)
Total Steel Weight:
3.98
0.35
3.98
4.40
4.40
4.40
4.40
4.40
4.40
3.98
3.98
4.63
4.63
1.40
64.99 Kips
129.97 Kips
Remarks
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
ANNEXURE B: DRAWINGS
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu
REFERENCES
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Alla, Kothapalli, Mohammed, Prodduturu