Standard LV Variable Frequency Drives

IP 16-14-1
Page 1 of 6

INTERNATIONAL
PRACTICE

(This practice is appropriate for attachment to Inquiry or Purchase Document)

Rev. 0

June 1997

SCOPE
I

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

This practice covers Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) made to a Manufacturers standard design. This
type VFD is a complete, stand-alone converter equipment, fully specified in a printed catalog or data sheet
which is current at the date of this Inquiry, and capable of speed and torque control of a three-phase
squirrel-cage induction motor.
Thermal capabilities, voltage, insulation and all other design aspects of the VFD, motor and cabling
system shall be compatible.
Standard VFDs are supplied directly, without transformer, from a low voltage power bus supply with a
maximum voltage rating of 690 V rms a-c.
The contents of this practice are arranged as follows:

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SCOPE.......................................................................................................................... 1
SUMMARY OF ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................... 1
DOCUMENTATION ....................................................................................................... 1
CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................. 2
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................. 3
ALARMS....................................................................................................................... 4
TESTING....................................................................................................................... 4
SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR STANDARD LV VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES ...... 6
I

1.5

1.6

An asterisk (V) indicates that a decision or approval by the purchaser is required or that additional
information is to be furnished by the purchaser.
The following references are synonymous: BP and IP.

SUMMARY OF ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

I

2.1

The following practices shall be used with this practice.

PRACTICES

IP 15-7-2

Protective Systems

IP 16-9-1

Low Voltage A-C Motors up to 200 HP (150 kW)

IP 16-9-2

A-C Motors: Medium Voltage and Low Voltage

over 200 HP (150 kW)

IP 16-12-1 Switchgear, Control Centers and Bus Duct

2.2

The following standards shall be used with this practice when specified by the purchaser.
STANDARDS

IEC Standards

IEEE Standards

34-1

Rotating Electrical Machines-Rating and

Performance Section 14: Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC)

519

146-1

Semiconductor Convertors (3 Parts)

541

529

Classification of Degrees of Protection Provided by

Enclosures

1800-3

Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive Systems

Part 3: EMC Product Standard Including Specific
Test Methods First Edition

Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic

Control in Electric Power Systems

API Standard
Form-Wound Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors - 250
Horsepower and Larger

DOCUMENTATION
I

3.1

Catalog data for VFD and motor shall provided with all proposals, along with a copy of the standard
instructions for safe installations, commissioning, operation, and maintenance for the VFD(s) offered.

THIS INFORMATION FOR AUTHORIZED COMPANY USE ONLY

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

IP 16-14-1

Standard LV Variable Frequency Drives

Page 2 of 6
Rev. 0

June 1997

(This practice is appropriate for attachment to Inquiry or Purchase Document)

INTERNATIONAL
PRACTICE

3.2

VFD data specified in Table 1, shall be furnished by the vendor with all proposals. Additionally, all other
drawings and documentation specified herein shall be supplied with the proposal.

3.3

Vendor shall provide documentation showing that the equipment meets the approval requirements
of the local authority. Approval requirements may include labeling, listing, or certification by a nationallyrecognized testing organization acceptable to the local authority.

3.4

When motor is included, the vendor shall supply documentation to confirm motor compliance with
applicable national and local authority requirements for hazardous areas. If this is not available, suitable
factory heat run tests shall be carried out and documented as required by the authority.

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
MECHANICAL
R

4.1

Unless otherwise specified, the VFD will be located indoors in an unclassified area with ambient
temperature range of 50-104F (10-40C) and below 3200 ft (1000 m) elevation. The VFD shall have a
minimum ingress protection of NEMA12 or IP21.

4.2

The vendor shall provide drawings to show the minimum spacing around the VFD essential to maintain
proper ventilation and cooling, whether mounted alone in an enclosure, or as part of a multiple VFD
installation within the same enclosure.

ELECTRICAL
R

4.3

The VFD shall be capable of withstanding the thermal and mechanical forces resulting from a short
circuit.

* 4.4

Vendors equipment shall comply with installation and electrical interlocking details shown on the oneline diagram, when supplied by the purchaser.

4.5

Vendors equipment supply shall include the following when needed to meet the requirements of this
practice:
a.
Output line reactors or other equipment required to ensure the motor and cable insulation systems
are suitable for reliable operation with the VFD drive technology employed and comply with EMC
emissions requirements.
b.
Input filters and reactors

4.6

Vendor shall provide electrical details on the VFD(s) offered including:

a.
Output waveform from the VFD imposed on the motor and cable, including the maximum voltage
rate of rise and peak values, and output carrier frequencies for various load conditions.
b.
Physical sizes, installation requirements and electrical connections of any reactor or filter
equipment that cannot be supplied within the VFD cubicle.

c.

Maximum size of input fuse rating and type.

CONTROL
O,M

4.7

Minimum controls shall be provided at the VFD control panel, and also be available as external hardwired control circuit inputs as follows:
a.
Run, forward and reverse.
b.
Stop.
c.
d.

4.8

Speed reference. A smooth bump-less transfer shall be provided between the local and remote
speed reference/control signals. The local speed reference shall override external signals.
Reset for any alarm or trip condition.

Other control features that can be offered for the proposed VFD shall be listed, including:
a.
Hard-wired outputs for monitoring circuits
b.
Local or hard-wired remote indications.

THIS INFORMATION FOR AUTHORIZED COMPANY USE ONLY

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

Standard LV Variable Frequency Drives

Page 3 of 6

INTERNATIONAL
PRACTICE

O,M

4.9

R
O
I

IP 16-14-1

(This practice is appropriate for attachment to Inquiry or Purchase Document)

Rev. 0

June 1997

The following minimum information applicable to the VFD shall be displayed at the VFD control panel:
a.
Local or Remote selected
b.
c.

VFD ready to start

VFD running

d.
e.

Alarm
VFD tripped

f.
g.

Output frequency
Output current

4.10

Indication lamps and displays shall be long life LED type.

4.11

Input speed reference signal shall be configurable for isolated signals for both 4-20 mA and 0 to +10 V.

4.12

Vendor shall provide control details including:

a.
Microprocessor scan time, and response times for analog, digital and serial communications
signals.
b.
Interface and protocol data for serial communications.

LABELS
S

4.13

Warning labels shall advise the proximity of live components and discharge times of power capacitors.

4.14

One rating plate shall be fitted to each VFD.

M,O

4.15

Labeling shall clearly identify all: terminals, removable links, fuses, fans, control and indication devices,
and internal wiring.

VFD BY-PASS POWER SUPPLY

M,O

4.16

When specified, an electrical by-pass shall be provided. The by-pass shall be manually operated and
provided with mechanical interlocks to prevent paralleling of the VFD and by-pass power supplies.

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
GENERAL
R
O,R

5.1

VFD shall be capable of 5 years run length between shutdowns.

5.2

Vendor shall select the motor frame size, design and number of poles to meet the rated load and
application requirements specified in Table 1. Use of external motor fan(s) shall be approved by the
Owners Engineer.

INPUT POWER SUPPLY

O

5.3

VFD shall operate successfully at rated load over the entire operating speed range under the following
system conditions:
a.

Input voltage variation up to 10% of rated to the VFD or auxiliaries, at rated frequency.

b.

Input frequency variation up to 5% of rated, at rated voltage.

c.

Combined voltage and frequency variation of up to 10% of rated.

O,R

5.4

Following any momentary voltage dip not exceeding 0.5 sec duration and 20% dip in the input voltage
supply or the auxiliary voltage supply or both; the VFD shall be able to automatically ride through, return to
set-point speed, or reaccelerate if load torque demand resulted in reduced speed.

O,R

5.5

VFD shall be capable of automatically re-accelerating the driven equipment, following voltage dips
greater than 20% of rated in the input power supply, and up to 5 seconds duration, without the need to
come to a complete stop. Following the voltage dip or loss, the VFD shall automatically reaccelerate when
the input voltage has recovered to 90% or more of rated voltage. The vendor shall state the maximum
time delay before re-acceleration begins following restoration of the supply voltage, and if this time delay is
adjustable.

THIS INFORMATION FOR AUTHORIZED COMPANY USE ONLY

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

IP 16-14-1

Standard LV Variable Frequency Drives

Page 4 of 6
Rev. 0

June 1997

(This practice is appropriate for attachment to Inquiry or Purchase Document)

INTERNATIONAL
PRACTICE

VFD POWER OUTPUT

O

5.6

Overload capability of the VFD. VFD shall be capable of delivering the output currents listed by the
vendor on the specification sheet, with input voltages variations between 90% and 110% of rated, taking
into account the capacitive current requirements for the cable length and size.

5.7

Magnitude and duration of external voltage surges that the VFD can withstand at its terminals shall be
listed.

5.8

VFD frequency (speed) output shall be within 1% of any given set point over the entire operating
frequency range.

O,R

5.9

On loss of an external speed reference signal, the VFD shall be capable of defaulting to any of the
following speeds: maximum, minimum, or hold to the operating speed prior to loss of signal.

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC), HARMONICS

I

5.10

Local and national standards for radio-frequency emissions and susceptibility shall be met.

5.11

The value of total harmonic voltage distortion at the VFD supply bus caused by current harmonics in
the line current of the VFD, shall be calculated by the vendor based on the short circuit level of the supply
system at the VFD supply bus.

O,R

5.12

Motor current harmonics shall not exceed 5% of the rms amplitude of the fundamental over the complete
design speed range, unless a more restrictive value is specified.

O,R

5.13

Total harmonic voltage distortion caused by the VFD current harmonics measured at VFD input
terminals shall not exceed 5% of the fundamental value at the most onerous condition, unless a lower
value is specified. The vendor shall provide filter equipment to meet this requirement.

PROTECTION
R

5.14

VFD input protection shall include incoming fuse and voltage protection features as required for overload,
short circuit and ground fault, voltage transients, and be consistent with the power supply short circuit
level.

O,R

5.15

Motor protection against overload, stall, locked rotor, single-phasing, phase and ground fault, and
internal motor fault shall be provided by trip features in the VFD.

O,R

5.16

Relays which trip the VFD for fault conditions shall have a manually-reset lockout feature. The trip
information shall be memorized and this memory will not be lost if the drive is isolated or deenergized.

5.17

Overvoltage protection devices for VFD power circuits, auxiliary power circuits, motor and motor cable
shall be provided.

5.18

Overspeed protection shall immediately shut down the VFD if the frequency exceeds 105% of input set
point or exceeds a preset maximum speed limit. Response time of the protection system shall prevent any
damage to the driven equipment from overspeed.

5.19

Underspeed (stall) protection shall immediately shut down the VFD if the output frequency falls below
90% of minimum set point for 20 seconds.

5.20

One pair of fail-safe contacts (one open and one closed), that change state for conditions that could
lead to damage of the VFD or driven equipment, for use with external control or external trip circuits shall
be provided.

5.21

Table 1 indicates if motor temperature protection is required and the type specified. Vendor shall advise if
protection is required by motor certification.

ALARMS
R

6.1

Any out-of-range and/or trip condition shall cause the VFD local control panel to display an alarm signal
and shall cause an alarm contact to open for use by an external alarm circuit.

O,M

6.2

Control logic shall permit interrogation to determine the cause of the alarm and distinguish between
mechanical and electrical type faults. The data shall not be lost if its drive is isolated or deenergized.

TESTING
I

7.1

Standard factory tests shall be given to prove satisfactory operation. When specified, these tests shall
be witnessed.
THIS INFORMATION FOR AUTHORIZED COMPANY USE ONLY
EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

Standard LV Variable Frequency Drives

IP 16-14-1
Page 5 of 6

INTERNATIONAL
PRACTICE

(This practice is appropriate for attachment to Inquiry or Purchase Document)

Rev. 0

June 1997

7.2

VFD input current harmonics, when specified, shall be measured at all operating conditions.

7.3

Tests to prove satisfactory operation of the VFD and motor, if specified, may include an 8-hour heat
run test in the most onerous conditions, power factor measurements, demonstration of stable operation
when applying and removing load at all speeds and supply conditions, and ability to ride through or
reaccelerate following short power supply interruptions.

7.4

If specified, vendor shall participate in a complete string test to be performed by others.

12/90
6/97

Revision Memo
Original Issue of Basic Practice
Revision 0 - Original Issue of International Practice
Purpose Codes added throughout. Complete Revision. This practice has been completely revised to cover
purchase of Standard LV VFDs.

Exxon Research and Engineering Company, 1990, 1997

THIS INFORMATION FOR AUTHORIZED COMPANY USE ONLY

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

IP 16-14-1

Standard LV Variable Frequency Drives

Page 6 of 6
Rev. 0

June 1997

INTERNATIONAL
PRACTICE

(This practice is appropriate for attachment to Inquiry or Purchase Document)

TABLE 1
SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR STANDARD LV VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES
PURCHASER'S REQUIREMENTS
ONE-LINE DIAGRAM NO., IF PROVIDED:

RATED MOTOR POWER (MAX SPEED): _____hp _____kW

VFD IDENTIFICATION:

MOTOR POLES:

DRIVEN EQUIPMENT ID:

MOTOR CABLE LENGTH:

RATED VOLTAGE: __________V

50 Hz 60 Hz

SYSTEM SHORT CIRCUIT LEVEL:

_______kA _______MVA

__________POLES
__________FT __________m

DRIVEN EQUIPMENT: PUMP FAN CONST. TORQUE

LOAD TORQUE AT STARTING:

__________% FULL LOAD

VFD INGRESS PROTECTION: NEMA ____ IP____

MOTOR CABLE CROSS SECTION:

SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS CONTROL REQD: YES NO

PROTOCOL DESIRED: _______________________

MOTOR AREA CLASSIF:

________GAS GROUP

MOTOR TEMPERATURE PROTECTION REQD:

YES NO
IF YES: TYPE ____________

SYSTEM GROUNDING:
SOLID HIGH RESISTANCE OTHER _____________

MOTOR SPEED RANGE REQD: _____MIN _____MAX RPM

FACTORY TESTING: VENDOR STD HEAT RUN WITNESS

______kCM ______mm2

________Class
________Zone

________Div.
________T Class

PURCHASERS COMMENTS AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

MANUFACTURER'S DATA (VENDOR TO COMPLETE)

MANUFACTURER:

OUTLINE DRAWING NUMBER:

YES NO

OUTPUT A-C REACTOR INCLUDED:

YES NO

INPUT REACTOR INCLUDED:

TYPE OF VFD PROPOSED: CSI PWM OTHER

TYPE POWER SEMICONDUCTORS: IGBT GTO OTHER

MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS CURRENT:

__________% FLC

OVERLOAD CAPABILITY:

__________% FLA FOR 20 SEC

SWITCHING FREQUENCY RANGE (PWM): ___kHz to ___kHz

OVERLOAD CAPABILITY:

__________% FLA FOR 60 SEC

AVAILABILITY OF SKIP FREQUENCIES:

_______SKIPS

ACCURACY OF OUTPUT FREQ.:

TORQUE BOOST AVAILABLE:

YES NO

MAXIMUM TORQUE AT ZERO SPEED:

HEAT LOSS AT MAXIMUM LOAD:

___________W

AUTO RESTART FACILITY AVAILABLE:

YES NO

VOLTAGE SURGE WITHSTAND AT VFD INPUT TERMINALS:

PH-PH _____kV(peak)/sec, PH-GROUND _____kV(peak)/sec

TIME DELAY BEFORE REACCELERATION AFTER VOLTAGE RESTORATION:

_________SEC

SERIAL COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS AVAILABLE:

YES NO
IF YES, LIST TYPE: ___________

MOTOR TEMPERATURE PROTECTION REQUIRED

FOR CERTIFICATION:
YES NO

MOTOR INSULATION:

INCOMING FUSE SIZE: _______A

TYPE________ LEVEL________kV

_______% SET POINT Hz

__________% FLT

TYPE: _______

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE MOTOR CABLE LENGTH:

__________ft __________m

FAIL-SAFE CONTACT AVAILABLE FOR EXTERNAL

ALARM / TRIP:
YES NO

MOTOR NOISE LEVEL:

MAXIMUM CABLE SIZE:

__________dBA

_______kCM _______mm2

MOTOR ENCLOSURE TYPE: TEFC EX IP______

DEVIATIONS TO THIS PRACTICE (BY VENDOR):

LISTED BELOW LIST ATTACHED

THIS INFORMATION FOR AUTHORIZED COMPANY USE ONLY

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY FLORHAM PARK, N.J.