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Steam,Thermal Oil Boilers

Heating Solutions.Steam,Hot Water Thermal Oil Boilers.

GATE1990
CHEMICALENGINEERING

TimeAllowed:3Hours

Venturi Tube
Reliable Standard Design
.

SECTIONA

1)
(i).AmixtureofEthylAcetatevaporandairhasarelativesaturationof50percentat30Canda
totalpressureof100kN/m2.IfthevaporpressureofEthylAcetateat30Cis16kN/m3,
(a).Thepercentageofairis.
(b).Themolalsaturationis..

(ii).Thefollowingdataonheatsofcombustionat25Caregiven
CompoundHeatofcombustionat25C

nHeptaneC7H10(g)4850kJ/mol
EthylAlcoholC2H5OH(g)1410kJ/mol
HeatsofformationofCO2(g)andH2O(l)are380kJ/moland280kJ/molrespectively.
(a).TheheatofformationofgaseousnHeptaneat25Cis

(b).TheheatofformationofgaseousEthylAlcoholat25Cis
2.
(i).TheviscosityofCOat1barand27Cis0.000015Ns/m2.EstimatetheviscosityofCOat1bar
and327C.

(ii).Thehydraulicmeandiameteroftheannularspacebetweenpipesofdiameter0.4mand0.6mis


(iii).Bernoullisequationforsteadyfrictionlessflowstatesthat,alongastreamline

(A)Totalpressureisconstant
(B)Totalmechanicalenergyisconstant
(C)Velocityheadisconstant
(D)Noneoftheabove

(iv).Thepressuredroprequiredforfluidizingacoalbedwithaliquidpetroleumfractionofviscosity
0.015Ns/m2is103N/m3.Thepressuredropisrequiredforfluidizingthesamebedwithanoilof
viscosity0.03Ns/m2is
3.
(i).Inagyratorycrushersizereductioniseffectedprimarilyby:

(A)Compression
(B)Impact
(C)Attrition
(D)Cuttingaction

(ii).InpowercorrelationsforagitatedvesselstheeffectofFroudenumberappears:

(A)ForbaffledvesselsandwhenReynoldsnumberislessthan300
(B)ForunbaffledvesselsandReynoldsnumberisgreaterthan300
(C)Whenthereisnovortexformation
(D)WhenReynoldsnumberislessthan300

(iii).Twoverysmallsilicaparticlesaresettlingattheirrespectiveterminalvelocitiesthroughahighly
viscousoilcolumn.Ifoneparticleistwiceaslargeastheother,thelargerparticlewilltake
the time taken by the smallest particle to fall through the same
height.

(iv).Toincreasethecapacityofacommercialpackedbedabsorber,thevolumetricflowrateofgas
enteringisincreasedby20%.Theratioofpressuredrops(newtoold)is

4.
(i).Awaterdropletat25Cissuddenlyintroducedintoaninfinitegasmediumat100saturatedwith
watervapor.Atsteadystate,

(A)Thedropattainswetbulbtemperatureandvanishes.
(B) The dimensions of the drop remain unaltered and it attains a temperature of 100C
throughout.

(C)Thedropincreasesinsizeanditattainsatemperatureof100Cthroughout.
(D)Noneofabove.

(ii).Inafinnedtubeheatexchanger:
(A)Onlyheattransferareaisaugmented.
(B)Onlyfilmcoefficientisaugmented.
(C)Bothheattransferareaandfilmcoefficientareaugmented.
(D)Noneoftheabove.

(iii).Grashofnumberisassociatedwith,
(A)Buoyancyeffects.
(B)Freeconvection.
(C)Forcedconvection.
(D)Hightemperaturedifference.
(iv).Ablackbodyoffinitedimensionat1000Kisinsertedintoaninfinitemediumat300K.Given
StefanBoltzmanconstantas1.8x105W/m2K4,theradiativeheattransfercoefficientis

5.
(i).Intheabsorptionofsolutegasfromamixturecontaininginertinasolvent,ithasbeenfoundthat
theoverallgastransfercoefficientisnearlyequaltotheindividualgasfilmtransfercoefficient.It
maythereforebeconcludedthat,

(A)Theprocessisliquidfilmcontrolled.
(B)Thegasissparinglysolubleinthesolvent.
(C) Thetransferratecanbeincreasedsubstantiallybyreducingthethicknessoftheliquid
film.
(D)Thetransferratecanbeincreasedsubstantiallybyreducingthethicknessofthegasfilm.

(ii).Atthebottomofacountercurrentcoolingtower,wherethewatertemperatureisbelowthedry
bulbtemperatureofair,thesensibleheatflowsfrom..to.andthelatentheat
flowsfrom.to(fillintheblanksintherightorderamonginterface,water,air,
waterandair).

(iii).Minimumnumberofidealstagesisrequiredinafractionatingcolumnwhentherefluxratiois
equalto,
(A)Minimumrefluxratio.
(B)Optimumreflexratio.
(C)Zero
(D)Infinity.

(iv).Abatchofmaterialisdriedunderconstantdryingconditions.Whendryingistakingplacefrom
allthesurfaces,therateofdryingduringtheconstantrateperiodis,
(A)Directlyproportionaltothesolidthickness.
(B)Independentofthesolidthickness.
(C)Inverselyproportionaltothesolidthickness.
(D)Directlyproportionaltothesquareofsolidthickness.

(v).Lewisnumber=1signifies,
(A)Pr=Sc
(B)Pr=Re
(C)Sc=Re
(D)Nu=Sh

(vi).AbinaryhydrocarbonliquidmixtureofAandB(K=1.5)containing60molepercentAinflash
vaporized.ThemolefractionofAintheliquidproductis

6.
(i).Isothermalmixingofpuregasesalwaysresultsinadecreaseinthe.Henceworkhastobe
donethesystemforseparatingamixtureofgasesintoitscomponents.

(ii). A system of unite mass at equilibrium consists of two phases, and of extent x and (1x)
respectively.Writedownexpressionsforthepressureandthespecificenthalpyofthesystemasa
wholeintermsofthepropertiesP,P.,h,h.

(iii) The maximum work obtainable from a closed system under isothermal operation is given by
Foronemoleofanidealgasexpandingisothermallytotwiceitsvolume,thisisequalto
..

(iv)Theminimumworkrequiredforsteadyisothermalcompressionofarealgasisgivenby.
Foronemoleofanidealgasthatiscompressedisothermallyfromonetotwoatmosphere,thisis
equalto
7.

(i)Anexothermicgasphasereactionproceedsaccordingtotheequation3A+2B2R.Theequilibrium
conversionforthisreaction
(a)increaseswithanincreaseintemperature
(b)decreasesondilationwithaninertgas
(c)decreaseswithanincreaseinpressure
(d)isunaffectedbythepresenceofcatalyst


(ii)WhatistheexitconversionofreactantAforazeroorderreactiontakingplaceinaCSTRwiththe
followingdata(rateconstant=1mol/min.L)feedconcentration=1mol/Lfeedflowrate=0.5
L/minandreactorvolume=1L
(A)50%(B)75%(c)100%(d)200%

(iii).InahomogeneousgasphasereactionA+2BR+SwhatistherelationshipbetweenrAandrB,
(A)2rA=rB
(B)rA=2rB
(C)rA=rB
(D)noneoftheabove

(iv).Fillintheblanks:
A10m3CSTRisusedtodecomposeadilutesolutionofA.thedecompositionisirreversiblewith
afirstorderrateconstantof3.45hr1.If95%decompositionofAisdesired.Therequiredfeed
rateis
8.
(i).Choosethemostappropriatecombinationsofwordsgivenbelow:
(A)Electrical.
(B)Mechanical.
(C)Chemical.
(D)Thermal.
(E)Magnetic.
andfillinthefollowingblanks
(a)Athermocoupleisasensorthatconvertsachangein..quantitytoachangein
quantity.

(b)Astraingaugepressuretransducerisasensorthatconvertsachangein.quantityto
achangein..quantity.

(ii).Thetransferfunctionofareactorisgivenby
.Whatisthetransferfunctionofthe
systemwithtwoofthesereactorsiftheyareconnectedin,
(A)Series.?(B)Parallel.?
(iii).Whatisthesteadystateoutputofthetransferfunction

foraunitsloperamp

input?
9.
(i).ForSO2/SO3serviceat400Ctherecommendedmaterialofconstructionis,

(A)Stainlesssteel.
(B)Carbonsteel.
(C)Caststeel.
(D)Monel.

(ii).ForNH3reactorsthematerialofconstructionis,
(A)Carbonsteel.
(B)5Cr1/8Mosteel
(C)Caststeel.
(D)Stainlesssteel.

10..Catalystforplatformingofpetroleumfeedstockis,
(A)Pt+Re
(B)Pt+Rh
(C)Pt
(D)Pt+CO

SECTIONB
11.
(i).Purepropane(C3H8)isburntinanexcessofairtogivefollowinganalysisofcombustionproducts
involumepercent:
CO2=5.0,CO=3.5,H2O=11.4,O2=7.0andN2=73.1
Calculatethepercentageofexcessairused.

(ii).ForthereactionAB,theprocessflowdiagramisshowninfigure.1.ThefreshfeedofA
contents0.5%ofinertbyvolume.80%conversionperpassofAfedtothereactorisobtained.The
concentrationofinertgoingintothereactor(aftermixingwiththerecyclestream)mustbeheldat2%by
volume.Allstreamsareidealgasesandtheprocessisatsteadystate.Howmanymolesneedtobe
recycledpermoleoftotalfeedtothereactorat(1).


12.
(i).Nikuradsedevelopedasemitheoreticalcorrelationforfvs.Reforsteadyturbulentflowinsmooth
pipes(105<Re<107):

Toluene(=866kg/m3,=0.0008Ns/m2)istobeconveyedthrougha100mpipelineofdiameter0.2m.
Whatisthemaximumflowrateoftolueneinkg/secthatcanbemaintained,ifthefrictionalpressureloss
isnottoexceed10kN/m2?

(ii).Waterflowingat1.5L/sina0.05mdiametertubeismeteredbymeansofasimpleorificeof
diameter0.025m.Ifcoefficientofdischargeis0.62,whatwillbethereadingonamercuryunder
water manometer connected to the meter? Density of water = 1000 kg/m3 Viscosity of water =
0.001 Ns/m2 Density of mercury 13,600 kg/m3.

13.
(i).Amixtureofcoalandsandparticleshavingsizesmallerthan1x104mindiameteristobe
separatedbyscreeningandsubsequentelutriationbywater.Recommendascreenaperturesuch
thattheoversizefromthescreencanbeseparatedcompletelyintosandandcoalparticlesby
elutriation.Calculatealsotherequiredwatervelocity.AssumethatStokeslawisapplicable.
Densityofsand=2650kg/m3Densityofcoal=1350kg/m3Densityofwater=1000kg/m3
Viscosityofwater=1x103kg/m.sg=9.81m/s.


(ii).Afiltrationiscarriedoutfor10minataconstantrateinaleaffilterandthereafteritis
continuedatconstantpressurewhichisattainedattheendoftheconstantrateperiod.Ifone
quarterofthetotalvalueofthefiltrateiscollectedduringtheconstantrateperiod.Whatisthe
totalfiltrationtime?Assumethatthecakeisincompressibleandthatthefiltermediumresistance
isnegligible.

14.
(i).Ina11shellandtubeheatexchanger,steamiscondensingontheshellsideatTSC,andthe
coldfluidisbeingheatedonthetubesidefromt1Ctot2C.Thefollowingequationrelatest2to
theothervariables.

WhereUistheoverallheattransfercoefficient,Aistheheattransferarea,Wisthemassflowrate
andCPistheheatcapacity.Thetubesidecoefficientiscontrollingandthetubesidefluidisin
turbulentflow.TS=130C,t1=30C,t2=80C.Ifthemassflowrateofthecoldfluidisdoublewhile
keepingalltheotherconditionsit,findthenewvalueoft2atsteadystate.

(ii).Ahotfluidflowsthroughawellmixedstirredtankwhichisprovidedwithacoolingjacket.The
fluidinthecoolingjacketcanalsobeassumedtobewellmixed.Calculatetheheattransferareaof
thejacketrequiredgiventhefollowingdata,
Hotfluid:Flowrate,Wh=50kg/s
Tih=205C
Cph=2kJ/kgC
Coldfluid:Flowrate,WC=100kg/s
tin=25C,tout=45C
Cpc=4kJ/kgC
U=2.5kW/m2C

15.
(i).AcontinuousrectificationcolumnisusedtoseparateabinarymixtureofAandB.Distillatein
producedat100kgmol/hrcontaining98mole%A.ThemolefractionsofAintheliquidandin
the vapor, x and y respectively, from two adjacent ideal plates in the enriching section are as
follows,
xy
0.650.82

0.560.76
Ifthelatentheatofvaporizationisthesameforallmixturesandifthefeedisasaturatedliquid,
calculate,
(a)Thereflexratio,
(b)Vaporrateinthestripingsectioninkgmoles/hr.

(ii).Dryingoffoodiscarriedoutinaninsulatedtray.Thedryingairhasapartialpressureofwater
equalto2380Paandawetbulbtemperatureof30C.Theproducthasadryingsurfaceof0.05m2
/kgdrysolid.Thematerialhasacriticalrateinthefallingrateperiodwhichisproportionaltothe
moisturecontentandthemasstransfercoefficientis5.34x104kg/m2hrPa.Calculate,

(a)Thedryingrateintheconstantrateperiodinkg/m2hr.
(b)Thetimerequiredtodrythematerialfromamoisturecontentof0.22to0.06(both
ondrybasis).Vaporpressureofwaterat30C=4232Pa.

(iii).ConsiderasysteminwhichcomponentAisbeingtransferredfromagasphasetoaliquidphase.
TheequilibriumrelationisgivenbyyA=0.75xA,whereyAandxAaremolefractionsofAingas
and liquid respectively. At one point in the equipment, the gas contains 10 mole % A and the
liquid2mole%A.Gasfilmmasstransfercoefficientkyatthispointis10kgmoles/(hr.m2yA)
and80%oftheresistanceisthegasfilm.Calculate,
(a)Theoverallmasstransfercoefficientinkgmoles/(hr.m2yA).
(b)ThemassfluxofAinkgmoles/hr.m2.
(c)TheinterfacialgasconcentrationofAinmolefraction.

16.
(i).Solidcalciumoxalatedissociatesathightemperatureintosolidcalciumcarbonateandcarbon
monoxide,
CaC2O4(S)=CaCO3(S)+CO(g)
TheequilibriumpressureofCObetween670and700KisgivenbyP(atm)=14.49600/T
whereTisinK.Assumingidealbehavior,calculateG,HandSat675K.

(ii).Benzene(1)andperfluoronheptane(2)partiallymisciblebelow113.4C.At100C,forexample,
abinarymixtureoftwoseparatesintotwoliquidphases,abenzenerichphaseandaperfluoro
nheptanerichphase.TheexcessGibbsfreeenergyfortheliquidmixtureiswellrepresentedby
Portersequation:gE/RT=2.27.x1x2.
Calculatex1andx1atequilibrium.

17.
(i).ForaunimoleculargasphasereactionAProducts,thereactionmechanismisgivenby

Whatwouldbetheorderofthisreactionatveryhighandverylowpressures?

(ii).Foranelementaryreaction,A+BProducts,thereactionrateis500Kistentimesthatat400
K.Calculatetheactivationenergyofthisreaction.

(iii).AnirreversiblehomogeneousliquidphasereactionAB+Ciscarriedoutintwoisothermal
flowreactorsof100literscapacityeachoperatingat60C.Findtheexistconversionifboththe
reactorsareoperatedinseries.When,
(a)Boththereactorsareidealplugflowreactors.
(b)Anidealplugflowreactorisfollowedbyanidealbackmixreactor.
Additionaldata:
Feedrate=20liters/min
Feedconcentration=1mol/liter.
Rateconstant=0.5min1.
18.
(i).Athermometeroftimeconstanttenseconds,initiallyat30C,issuddenlyimmersedintowaterat
100C.Howlongittakesforthethermometerreadingtoreach90C?

(ii)TheG(s)plot(theNyquistplot)ofanopenlooptransferfunction
is
giveninfig2.Usingthesefiguresdetermineforwhatrangeofvaluesofaproportionalcontroller
gainK,theclosedloopsystemwillbestable?

19.
(i).Fora11fixedtubesheetheatexchanger,thefollowingdataaregiven,
Designinsidepressure:Shellside=103kN/m2
Tubeside=2x103kN/m2
DesigntemperatureShellside=50C
Tubeside=150C
Allowablestressvalueatbothdesigntemperaturesis1.2x103kN/m2.Shellinsidediameter=
0.6m,corrosionallowance(forshellandheaders)=3x103mandJointefficiency=1.Findtothe
nearestmm,
(a)Theshellthickness.
(b)Theheadershellthickness.

(ii)Foraprojecthavingalifeoftenyearsthefollowingcashflowpatternisexpected,
EndofyearsNetcashflow(Rs.)
050,00,000
11020,00,000
101,50,00,000
If the expected interest rate is 20 percent, what is your recommendation about implementing the
project?

20.Givethemainreasonsforthefollowing:

(i). WhileSO2 + O2 SO3 is a low pressure process N2 + 3H2 2NH3 is a highpressure

process.

(ii). The dihydrate process is preferred to the hemihydrates process for the manufacture of
commercialgradeorthophosphoricacidfromitsoresandsulphuricacid.

(iii).UnderIndianconditionscausticsodaof50%concentrationcanbebestpreparedbytheMercury
CellTechnology.